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Kirk, Karen S. "Relations between measures of attention and memory in the assessment of children with attentional difficulties." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 1999. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=1203.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 1999.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xi, 156 p. : ill. (some col.). Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 109-136).
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Scope, Alison. "Cognition in children with attentional difficulties, with particular reference to working memory." Thesis, Sheffield Hallam University, 2006. http://shura.shu.ac.uk/20804/.
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This research investigated cognitive function in children with observed and rated behavioural manifestations associated with inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity. The aims were firstly to assess whether there were children in mainstream classrooms who displayed these behaviours, and secondly, to assess executive function and working memory in these children compared to a control group. It was anticipated that the findings could provide a basis for the development of a new model to explain cognitive function in children with attentional difficulties. A group of children with attentional difficulties who were part of the normal population but who did have cognitive difficulties in comparison to controls were identified. It was concluded that these children constituted part of a normal continuum of attentional skills and were not diagnosable. Using the working memory model (Baddeley and Hitch, 1974, Baddeley, 2000) the nature of the cognitive difficulties in children with attentional difficulties was established. Specifically it was revealed that children with attentional difficulties had difficulties on spatial working memory tasks but not on visual working memory tasks. Central executive function was initially proposed to explain differences between the groups, however when this explanation was explored the Supervisory Attentional System (Norman and Shallice, 1980) emerged as a better model to explain the data. Limitations of Barkley's (1997) inhibition model were also identified. It was hypothesised that children with attentional difficulties have difficulties associated with 'executive attentional control' mechanisms which impinge on their ability to complete central executive working memory tasks. Existing models were incorporated into a new model to more accurately explain these difficulties. It is intended that these findings will be followed up longitudinally to assess the development of executive attentional control in children with attentional difficulties and to incorporate these findings into a developmental model.
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Idler, Alyssa M. "The effect of a brief mindful breathing exercise added to a reading fluency intervention for students with significant attentional difficulties." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/53976.
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Cognitive theories of reading acquisition emphasize cognitive processes such as attention and working memory, which could be problematic for students with significant attentional difficulties. Mindfulness interventions have been associated with improvements in executive functioning and positive academic outcomes. An alternating treatment design comparing a reading fluency intervention with and without an exploratory brief mindful breathing exercise was conducted with four elementary-aged students identified by classroom teachers as demonstrating difficulty with reading fluency and attention. It was hypothesized that participants would show greater gains in reading fluency, as measured by number of words correct per minute (WCPM), when they received the brief mindful breathing exercise compared to when they did not. It was also hypothesized that students would show increased attention and decreased feelings of stress, as indicated by self-report ratings, after participating in the brief mindful breathing exercise. The exploratory mindful breathing component was cost-efficient, and simple to implement. It appeared to benefit one student in increasing attention and decreasing feelings of stress. It did not, however, result in significant improvements in students’ rate of accurate oral reading, though the difference in WCPM between the first and third read-through of passages suggested that students benefitted from the reading fluency intervention regardless of condition. Future research examining the dosage of mindful breathing training required to see meaningful changes in cognitive processes, and in the intersection of mindful breathing and academic interventions for students, is recommended.Education, Faculty of
Educational and Counselling Psychology, and Special Education (ECPS), Department of
Graduate
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Andrade, Brendan F. S. "Selective and sustained attention in children with and without attention difficulties." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ51988.pdf.
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Bull, Rebecca. "Cognitive deficits underlying children's mathematical difficulties." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/15456.
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Many children have difficulties learning mathematics, and the consequences of poor mathematical skills are very far reaching. Studies examining the reasons why children struggle to learn mathematics are scarce, particularly in comparison to studies examining reading difficulties. The studies reported in this thesis attempted to provide insights into the cognitive limitations that may lead some children to have difficulties learning mathematics, re-examining some of the cognitive deficits already thought to be associated with mathematical difficulties, as well as providing the starting point for new lines of enquiry. Five main studies are reported. Four of these studies examined a range of cognitive skills and identify a number of fundamental cognitive mechanisms as playing a role in children's mathematical skills, these being a slowness in the speed of processing information, poor control of executive functioning, evidenced through difficulty switching strategies and poor self-regulation of actions, and a delay in the automatization of basic arithmetic facts. The final study aimed to investigate the implications of these recognised cognitive difficulties in the teaching of mathematics, and explored the use of two different teaching strategies, rote learning of basic arithmetic facts and a discussion method to allow alternative methods of solution to be learned, both of which attempted to overcome some of these cognitive limitations. Rote learning was found to be an effective device to improve performance in different areas of mathematical skill. The implications of this research and the foundations for future research are also discussed.
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Matheson, Angela Marie. "Expressions of attention difficulties among female and male elementary students." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0021/MQ47285.pdf.
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Koltun, Hadley Stephen. "Teacher-identified oral language difficulties in children with attention problems." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1992. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ51540.pdf.
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Mantecon, Hripsime Der-Galustian. "Do College Students with ADHD have Expressive Writing Difficulties as Do Children with ADHD?" Thesis, University of North Texas, 2010. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc30490/.
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This study analyzed the expressive writing of college students. Twenty-two ADHD students and 22 controls were asked to write a story based on a picture story and a personal challenge. The texts were compared based on several qualitative and quantitative parameters. The results show that students in both groups presented similar text quality. Out of six qualitative parameters only one was statistically different between the two groups: ADHD students performed worse in adequacy, but only in the picture task. Students writings were also investigated using corpus based analysis. This analysis showed that ADHD students used less unusually frequent words in the picture story but more in the challenge task. Taken together the findings indicate no significant difference in expressive writing between ADHD and non ADHD college students. An explanation to this result is that college students with ADHD may have passed the filter of prior education.
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Kemp, Johanna Jacoba. "The efficacy of the Berard Auditory Integration Training method for learners with attention difficulties / Hannelie Kemp." Thesis, North West University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/12774.
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Research on the Berard Auditory Integration Training method has shown improvement in the regulation of attention, activity and impulsivity of children whose auditory system have been re-trained. Anecdotal reports have found improvements in sleeping patterns, balance, allergies, eyesight, eating patterns, depression and other seemingly unrelated physiological states. During the Auditory Integration Training (AIT) procedure dynamic music, with a wide range of frequencies, is processed through a system of filters in the AIT device. The volume and tone of the music is constantly and randomly modulated.
The researcher explored Berard AIT as a possible intervention for learners between the ages of six and twelve years, who experienced problems with sustained attention and who have difficulty in shifting their attention from task to task. The aim was to investigate if Berard AIT method would enable the learner to stay calm, relaxed yet alert, with focused attention and thus concentration with appropriate reflection before action.
An experimental quantative study, with a pretest-posttest control group design, was
conducted to investigate the effect that Berard Auditory Integration Training has on learners with attention problems. Checklists and different measurements were conducted before the training started and repeated three months after the training was completed, to monitor if any change in the way that the learners pay attention, occurred the case group of ten learners was compared with ten learners in a control group who did not initially receive the intervention. Although the results of the post-tests varied amongst the learners, most learners in the experimental group experienced a statistical significant increase in attention control and a reduction in behavioural problems by the third month following the listening sessions.Thesis (M.Ed.), North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2010
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Meyer, Eric. "Étude des liens entre les difficultés d’attention et le stress chez les jeunes, de la maternelle à l’université : rôles des comportements parentaux et des problèmes de sommeil." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0305.
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Ces dernières années, la santé des jeunes générations est devenue une priorité et il est important de pouvoir mieux identifier les signes de mal-être et/ou de souffrance des jeunes. L’étude de ces problématiques de souffrance est d’autant plus importante que la réussite des jeunes passe par le fait d’être en bonne santé. Nous avons choisi de nous centrer sur deux dimensions de ces problématiques qui impactent la scolarité et l’efficacité des jeunes de la maternelle à l’université : le stress et les difficultés d’attention. Bien que la littérature aborde majoritairement la problématique des difficultés d’attention sous l’angle du Trouble de l’Attention avec ou sans Hyperactivité (TDAH), elles regroupent également les difficultés pouvant être présentes dans l’ensemble des dimensions cognitives propre à l’attention, et, peuvent être inhérentes à d’autres souffrances psychiques comme la dépression, l’anxiété, les troubles psychotiques. En considération avec la littérature récente, pour nous, les difficultés d’attention correspondent à un continuum dont une extrémité serait le TDAH, pouvant ainsi être défini selon le niveau de symptomatologie du TDAH. Le stress est défini et évalué de manière multiple, selon des marqueurs physiologiques, ou encore par des inventaires d’événement de vie. Pour des raisons théoriques, nous le définissons par le concept de stress perçu et ressenti. Il ressort que les liens entre le stress et les difficultés d’attention ne sont pas clairs. Certaines études mettent en avant un impact du stress sur les difficultés d’attention, d’autres des difficultés d’attention sur le stress. Afin d’approfondir ces liens, nous avons isolé deux prédicteurs de la symptomatologie du TDAH en lien avec le stress : les comportements parentaux et les problèmes de sommeil. Toutefois, il n’existe à notre connaissance aucune étude ayant travaillé les liens entre le stress, la symptomatologie du TDAH et les problèmes de sommeil, et, entre le stress, la symptomatologie du TDAH et les comportements parentaux. Afin d’étudier ces liens et comprendre l’articulation du stress et de la symptomatologie du TDAH (difficultés d’attention et comportements d’hyperactivité), nous avons réalisé trois études: deux en population générale, auprès d’enfants en maternelle (3-6 ans) et auprès d’étudiants à l’université, et, une auprès d’enfant et d’adolescents (6-16 ans) présentant des difficultés scolaires. Nos études montrent que le stress est fortement associé aux difficultés d’attention et moins aux comportements d’hyperactivité chez les 3-6 ans et chez les étudiants. Chez les 6-16 ans, le stress perçu n’est pas associé à la symptomatologie du TDAH au contraire des difficultés émotionnelles mesurées par les parents qui sont associées aux difficultés d’attention et aux comportements d’hyperactivité. Les problèmes de sommeil sont associés aux difficultés d’attention et aux comportements d’hyperactivité chez les étudiants, ils ne sont associés qu’aux comportements d’hyperactivité chez les 3-6 ans et qu’aux difficultés d’attention chez les 6-16 ans. Nos résultats montrent la présence d’une médiation partielle chez les étudiants que nous ne retrouvons pas chez les enfants et adolescents. Les comportements parentaux, principalement coercitifs, sont associés avec les comportements d’hyperactivité et d’inattention. Et il semble que le stress soit un médiateur partiel entre les comportements parentaux et la symptomatologie du TDAH. Ainsi l’ensemble de nos études montrent l’importance de considérer les difficultés d’attention selon un continuum et de tenir compte du stress et des difficultés de sommeil lorsque nous évaluons la présence de difficultés d’attention. Ces deux variables peuvent augmenter la sévérité des difficultés d’attention, pouvant peut-être provoquer un TDAH-like. Ce travail de thèse fait également ressortir un champ d’intervention possible par la prise en compte simultanée des difficultés d’attention, du stress et des problèmes de sommeilIn recent years, the health of younger generations has become a priority and it seems more important to identify the signs of malaise and / or suffering of young people. The study of these problems of suffering is all the more important that the success of young people is through being healthy. We chose to focus our work on two dimensions that impact the education and effectiveness of young people from kindergarten to university: stress and attention difficulties.Although the literature mainly addresses the problem of attention difficulties from the angle of Attention Disorder with or without Hyperactivity (ADHD), attention difficulties also group the difficulties that can be present in all the cognitive dimensions specific to attention, and, may be inherent to other psychological pains such as depression, anxiety, psychotic disorders. In consideration with recent literature, for us attention difficulties correspond to a continuum of which one pole is ADHD, thus being able to be defined according to the level of symptomatology of ADHD.Stress is defined and evaluated in multiple ways, according to physiological markers, or by life event inventories. For theoretical reasons, we define it by the concept of perceived and felt stress.It appears that the links between stress and attention difficulties are unclear. Some studies highlight an impact of stress on attention difficulties and others attention difficulties on stress.In order to understand these links, we isolated two predictors of ADHD symptomatology related to stress: parental behaviors and sleep problems. However, to our knowledge, there are no studies that have worked on the links between stress, symptomology of ADHD and sleep problems, and, between stress, ADHD symptomatology and parental behavior.In order to study these links and to understand the articulation of stress and ADHD symptomatology (attention difficulties and hyperactivity behaviors), we conducted three studies: two in the general population, with children in kindergarten (2 at age 6) and with university students, and one with children and adolescents between the ages of 6 and 16 with learning difficulties.Our studies show that stress is strongly associated with attention difficulties and less with hyperactivity in 2 to 6-year old and students. In the age group 6 to 16, perceived stress is not associated with ADHD symptomatology, unlike emotional difficulties measured by parents that are associated with attention difficulties and hyperactivity behaviors. Sleep problems are associated with attention difficulties and hyperactivity behaviors in students, they are associated with hyperactivity behaviors in 2-6 years of age and attention difficulties in 6- 16 years old. Our results show the presence of partial mediation among students that we do not find in children and adolescents. Parenting behaviors, mainly coercive, are associated with hyperactivity and inattention behaviors. And it seems that stress mediate partially the relationship between parenting behaviors and the symptomatology of ADHD.Thus, all of our studies show the importance of considering attention difficulties along a continuum and considering stress and sleep difficulties when assessing the presence of attention difficulties. These two variables may increase the severity of attention difficulties, possibly leading to ADHD-like. This thesis work also highlights a possible field of intervention by simultaneously considering the difficulties of attention, stress and sleep problems
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MENEGUZ, CATHERINE. "Trouble hyperkinetique avec deficit de l'attention : analyse descriptive des fonctions d'apprentissage chez 100 enfants." Lille 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LIL2M200.
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Anderson, Elizabeth Shevock. "Alternative School Teachers' Efficacy Perceptions Teaching Students with Behavioral Difficulties." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1397128015.
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Byrne, Melanie B. S. "Increasing Engagement and Academic Performance of Children with Autism SpectrumDisorder and Attention Difficulties: Do Fidget Spinners Help?" Scholar Commons, 2019. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7755.
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Children with varying exceptionalities including ADHD, Autism Spectrum Disorder, and other learning disabilities often struggle with attention deficits. The persistence of alternative non-behavioral approaches in classrooms to address this deficit presents the need for more research and education about these interventions. Specifically, the fidget spinner is a newer intervention which currently has no empirical evidence to support its use in the classroom setting. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of fidget spinners on increasing engagement and academic comprehension in a whole classroom environment. A multiple baseline across participants design was used with six children with varying diagnoses who struggled with attention deficits. Results showed that fidget spinners were ineffective at increasing engagement or academic comprehension and that self-monitoring was effective at increasing both engagement and academic performance.
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Sanscartier, Annie. "Prématurité et difficultés d'attention à l'âge scolaire." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/44492.
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Cette étude vise à vérifier la relation entre la prématurité et les habiletés d'attention à l'âge scolaire. Quarante-trois enfants prématurés et 31 enfants nés à terme âgés de huit et neuf ans sont évalués à l'aide d'un questionnaire comportemental (CPRS-R) et d'un test neuropsychologique (NEPSY) de l'attention. Les associations entre ces deux mesures sont faibles. Aussi, les résultats montrent que, selon l'évaluation faite par les parents, les enfants prématurés n'affichent pas plus de comportements inattentifs et/ou hyperactifs que les enfants témoins. Par contre, ils obtiennent des performances significativement inférieures à l'évaluation neuropsychologique des habiletés attentionnelles et exécutives. Les analyses indiquent également que l'adversité familiale apporte une contribution unique à l'explication des comportements inattentifs. Par ailleurs, le degré de risque néonatal n'est associé à aucune des deux mesures de l'attention. Cette étude conclut qu'à l'âge scolaire, les enfants prématurés sont sujets à présenter des difficultés au plan de l'attention et des fonctions exécutives.
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Mosby, Eileen A. "An observational study of the Fast ForWord program and attention skills of students with learning and behavioral difficulties /." Full text available online, 2009. http://www.lib.rowan.edu/find/theses.
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Alharbi, Abeer. "Eduational support professionals : Their perceptions and practices in providing suppport for pupils with attention and/or activity difficulties." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.518048.
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Dehmler, Kristin. "Adolescent technology usage during sleep-time : does it influence their quality of sleep, attention difficulties and academic performance? /." Online version of thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/10656.
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Lassus-Sangosse, Delphine. "Nature et spécificité des troubles de l'empan visuo-attentionnel dans les dyslexies développementales." Grenoble 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008GRE29033.
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L'empan visuo-attentionnel (VA) est défini comme la quantité d'éléments visuels distincts pouvant être traités simultanément au sein d'une configuration spatiale. Mesuré à l'aide des épreuves de report global et de report partiel de lettres, il contribue de façon significative aux performances en lecture, indépendamment des compétences phonologiques. De plus, il participe aux troubles dyslexiques indépendamment des déficits phonologiques. Nous présentons un ensemble de travaux étudiant d'une part les propriétés de l'empan VA chez l'enfant dyslexique et tout-venant, d'autre part la nature et la spécificité des troubles de l'empan VA en contexte dyslexique. Dans la première série d'études, nous souhaitions déterminer si les troubles de l'empan VA étaient généralisables à d'autres stimuli que les lettres, comme les chiffres, les couleurs ou encore les objets. Chez les sujets tout-venant, les résultats montrent que les traitements sont différents pour les stimuli couleurs et objets par rapport aux stimuli lettres/chiffres et que ces derniers sont spécifiquement reliés à la lecture. De plus, nous mettons en évidence que les enfants dyslexiques présentent des troubles VA spécifiques aux stimuli lettres et chiffres. L'objectif de la seconde série d'études était d'apporter des arguments en faveur de l'idée selon laquelle l'épreuve de report global reflète avant tout les capacités d'empan VA. Bien que l'épreuve de report global implique diverses composantes cognitives telles que la mémoire iconique et la récapitulation articulatoire, nous démontrons que les déficits des enfants dyslexiques dans cette épreuve reflètent avant tout un trouble des capacités d'empan VA. La troisième série de travaux était centrée sur l'étude de la nature des traitements visuo-attentionnels (séquentiel versus simultané) déficitaires chez les enfants dyslexiques. Nos travaux démontrent que la dimension simultanée est une dimension centrale dans la notion d'empan VA et qu'elle est spécifiquement touchée en contexte dyslexique. Enfin, dans une quatrième série d'études, nous avons étudié les effets des modifications spatiales des séquences de lettres (espacement et orientation) sur les capacités d'empan VA. Bien que les modifications visuo-spatiales influent sur les capacités d'empan VA, nous montrons que ce sont les capacités d'empan VA qui limitent le traitement parallèle et qui sont déterminantes dans l'activité de lectureThe visual attention (VA) span is defined as the amount of distinct visual elements which can be processed simultaneously in a multi element array. Estimated using whole and partial report tasks, VA span abilities contribute significantly to reading performance, independently of the phonological skills. Moreover, VA span disorder could explain developmental dyslexia, independently of the phonological deficit. The work reported here was aimed at investigating the properties of the VA span in dyslexics and normal readers on the one hand, and the VA span nature and specificity in dyslexic readers on the other hand. In the first set of studies, we wanted to determine whether the VA span disorder could be generalized to others stimuli than letters, like digits, colours or objects. In normal readers, results show that processing is different for colors and objects stimuli in comparison to letters and digits stimuli and that the latter ones are specifically related to reading. Furthermore, we underline that dyslexic children present a VA span disorder specific to letters and digits stimuli. The aim of the second set of studies was to demonstrate that the global report task first of ail reflects the VA span capacities. Although the global report task involves diverse cognitive components such as iconic memory and rehearsal activity, we demonstrate that the deficit presented by dyslexic children in the global report task mainly reflects a VA span disorder. The third set of studies concerned the nature of the visual attention processing (simultaneous vs. Sequential) impaired in developmental dyslexia. Our results suggest that the simultaneous dimension is a key dimension in the visual attention span notion and is specifically damaged in developmental dyslexia. Finally, in the last set of works, we studied the effects of spatial modifications of letter-strings (spacing and orientation) on the VA span abilities. Although the visuo-spatial modifications influence the VA span abilities, we show that VA span abilities restrict the simultaneous processing and are essential in reading activity
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Holtmann, Martin, Andreas Becker, Tobias Banaschewski, Aribert Rothenberger, and Veit Rößner. "Psychometric Validity of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire-Dysregulation Profile." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-134171.
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Background: In many severely mentally disordered children, the clinical presentation is complicated by comorbid affective and behavioral dysregulation. Recently, a highly heritable behavioral phenotype of simultaneous deviance on the anxious/depressed, attention problems, and aggressive behavior syndrome scales has been identified on the Child Behavior Checklist Dysregulation Profile (CBCL-DP). The aim of the present pilot study was to determine an equivalent to the CBCL-DP using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Sampling and Methods: We applied stepwise linear discriminant analyses and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis to data from 543 consecutively referred children and adolescents, aged 5–17 years. The CBCL and the SDQ were completed by parents as part of the diagnostic routine. ICD-10 discharge diagnoses were established in consensus conferences. Results: A combination of five SDQ items (SDQ-Dysregulation Profile, SDQ-DP) yielded the best discrimination of children with and without CBCL-DP and classified 81.0% of the subjects correctly leading to an area under the curve of 0.93. The content of the five SDQ-DP items mirrors well the mixed behavioral phenotype of anxious-depressive, aggressive and attention problems captured by the CBCL-DP. SDQ-DP status was highly correlated with CBCL-DP status and was best defined by a SDQ-DP score ≧5. Conclusions: The psychometric properties of the SDQ-DP have been robustly tested and validated. Based on these results, clinicians may use the SDQ-DP as a useful and economical screening measure to improve the assessment, prevention, and treatment of severe dysregulation in childhood and adolescence. Future investigations should study the longitudinal stability, heritability, and genetic associations of this behavioral phenotypeDieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich
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Sridhar, Dheepa. "Effects of bibliotherapy+ on text comprehension, reading attitude, and self-concept in third and fourth grade students with attention difficulties /." Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3004379.
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Holtmann, Martin, Andreas Becker, Tobias Banaschewski, Aribert Rothenberger, and Veit Rößner. "Psychometric Validity of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire-Dysregulation Profile." Karger, 2011. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A27564.
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Background: In many severely mentally disordered children, the clinical presentation is complicated by comorbid affective and behavioral dysregulation. Recently, a highly heritable behavioral phenotype of simultaneous deviance on the anxious/depressed, attention problems, and aggressive behavior syndrome scales has been identified on the Child Behavior Checklist Dysregulation Profile (CBCL-DP). The aim of the present pilot study was to determine an equivalent to the CBCL-DP using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ).
Sampling and Methods: We applied stepwise linear discriminant analyses and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis to data from 543 consecutively referred children and adolescents, aged 5–17 years. The CBCL and the SDQ were completed by parents as part of the diagnostic routine. ICD-10 discharge diagnoses were established in consensus conferences.
Results: A combination of five SDQ items (SDQ-Dysregulation Profile, SDQ-DP) yielded the best discrimination of children with and without CBCL-DP and classified 81.0% of the subjects correctly leading to an area under the curve of 0.93. The content of the five SDQ-DP items mirrors well the mixed behavioral phenotype of anxious-depressive, aggressive and attention problems captured by the CBCL-DP. SDQ-DP status was highly correlated with CBCL-DP status and was best defined by a SDQ-DP score ≧5.
Conclusions: The psychometric properties of the SDQ-DP have been robustly tested and validated. Based on these results, clinicians may use the SDQ-DP as a useful and economical screening measure to improve the assessment, prevention, and treatment of severe dysregulation in childhood and adolescence. Future investigations should study the longitudinal stability, heritability, and genetic associations of this behavioral phenotype.Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich.
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Palmér, Helene, and Segerpalm Linda Skhirtladze. "Skolsköterskors erfarenheter av skolsituationen för elever med Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)diagnos." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för vård och natur, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-5220.
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Attetion Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, ADHD, är den vanligaste barnpsykiatriska diagnosen.Syftet med denna studie var att beskriva hur skolsköterskan erfar skolsituationen för elevermed ADHD-diagnos. Fyra till sex procent av alla elever i skolan har denna diagnos (ADHD).Skolsköterskan har i sin dagliga kontakt med elever möjlighet att tidigt upptäcka och även tillviss del förhindra utvecklandet av komplikationer. Orsaken till ADHD består främst avgenetiska anlag men sociala faktorer finns och de påverkar hur svår utvecklingen blir.Metoden var en kvalitativ innehållsanalys med induktiv ansats beskriven av Lundman ochHällgren Graneheim. Datainsamlingen gjordes genom intervjuer med sex skolsköterskor. Urdatamaterialet framträdde temat Att förväntas vara som andra, men inte kunna med treunderteman. Resultaten kan användas till att öka förståelsen för elever med ADHD och derasskolsituation. Förhoppningsvis kan insikten om problemets svårighetsgrad öka motivationenatt förbättra situationen i skolan för alla elever och vuxna. Det finns många saker sompåverkar situationen för elever med ADHD, med rätt resurser och förutsättningar gesmöjlighet att påverka elevens utveckling i positiv riktning.Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, ADHD, is today the most common psychiatricdiagnosis among children. The purpose of this study was to describe school nurses̛experiences of the school situation of pupils with ADHD. Four to six percent of all schoolpupils have been diagnosed with this illness. Due to her daily contact with school children,the school nurse has the opportunity to assist in early detection of ADHD, and can to someextent even prevent the development of possible complications. Genetic predisposition is theprimary cause of ADHD but social factors affect the severity of its development. The methodin this study was qualitative content analysis with an inductive approach described byLundman och Hällgren Graneheim. The data collection was made through interviews with sixschool nurses. Based on the analysis, the theme; Expected to be like the others, but also notbeing able, emerged with three subthemes. The results can be used to increase theunderstanding of pupils with ADHD in their school situation. Hopefully, awareness of theproblem severity increases motivation to improve the situation in schools for all studentsand adults. There are many things that affect the situation for children with ADHD. With theright resources and conditions the opportunity to influence students' development in apositive direction occurs.
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Zoubrinetzky, Rachel. "Hétérogénéité cognitive et remédiation des dyslexies développementales." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAS029/document.
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L’objectif de ce travail de thèse était de mieux caractériser l’hétérogénéité de la dyslexie développementale et d’étudier les implications de cette hétérogénéité pour la remédiation de ce trouble d’acqusition de la lecture. L’Etude I met en évidence une hétérogénéité cognitive au sein d’une population d’enfants dyslexiques, qui pourtant ont un profil de lecture homogène de dyslexie mixte. Ce profil est classiquement interprété comme relevant d’un double déficit. Or nous montrons que la plupart de ces enfants présente en fait un déficit cognitif unique, soit phonologique, soit de l’empan visuo-attentionnel (VA). De plus, ces deux sous-groupes à déficit unique ont des profils de lecture très similaires lorsqu’ils sont directement comparés. Ces données suggèrent donc que la classification en sous-types basée sur les profils de lecture n’est pas pertinente pour identifier des sous-groupes cognitivement homogènes dans la population dyslexique. Dans l’Etude II, nous décrivons un cas de dyslexie avec trouble sélectif de la lecture des pseudo-mots. Ce profil est classiquement interprété comme reflétant un déficit phonologique. Or, le cas que nous décrivons présente un trouble de l’empan VA en l’absence de toute atteinte verbale ou phonologique. Cette étude confirme une relation entre trouble cognitif et profil de lecture complexe et non univoque. L’Etude III interroge plus spécifiquement les liens entre troubles de l’empan VA, de la conscience phonémique et de la perception catégorielle des phonèmes. Nous montrons que la conscience phonémique joue un rôle de médiation entre perception catégorielle et lecture, et que cette relation est indépendante des capacités d’empan VA. Ces données nous ont ainsi permis de mieux caractériser l’hétérogénéité cognitive de la population dyslexique. Dans les deux dernières études, nous nous sommes interrogés sur la prise en compte de cette hétérogénéité cognitive dans la remédiation de la dyslexie. L’Etude IV est une étude d’entrainement cognitif. Deux types d’entraînements ont été successivement proposés à des enfants dyslexiques : un entraînement à la perception catégorielle et un entraînement de l’empan VA. Nous avons étudié les effets de chacun de ces entraînements sur des sous-groupes qui présentent un trouble cognitif unique, soit phonologique, soit de l’empan VA. Les résultats montrent l’intérêt de proposer une remédiation ciblée sur le déficit cognitif sous-jacent. Cette étude a également des enjeux théoriques majeurs, puisqu’elle nous a permis d’interroger les relations de causalité entre ces déficits cognitifs sous-jacents et la dyslexie. Enfin, dans l’Etude V la méthode d’adaptation visuelle par saillance syllabique étudiée n’améliore pas la lecture des enfants dyslexiques. L’ensemble des ces études confirment l’hétérogénéité cognitive de la population dyslexique et l’importance de prendre en compte cette hétérogénéité dans les méthodes de remédiation qui peuvent être proposéesThe first aim of this doctoral thesis was to better understand the heterogeneity of developmental dyslexia focusing on the relationship between reading profiles and cognitive disorders. Our second purpose was to question the implications of cognitive heterogeneity for the remediation of developmental dyslexia. Study I revealed cognitive heterogeneity despite the homogeneous reading profile of the recruited population. Most children with a mixed reading profile typically interpreted as resulting from a double deficit, actually suffered from a single cognitive disorder, either a phoneme awareness or a visual attention (VA) span disorder. In addition, direct comparisons of these two cognitively distinct subgroups revealed very similar reading profiles. These findings suggest that the classification based on reading profiles is irrelevant to identify cognitively homogeneous subgroups in dyslexia. In Study II, we report the case study of a child with a selective pseudo-word reading disorder, a profile typically attributed to a phonological deficit. Contrary to this prediction however, we show that this dyslexic child shows preserved verbal and phonological skills but a VA span deficit. This finding again suggests the absence of one-to-one relationships between reading profiles and cognitive disorders. Study III more specifically explored the links between three types of cognitive deficits, namely the VA span disorder, the phoneme awareness deficit and the categorical perception disorder. Results show that phoneme awareness mediates the relationship between categorical perception and reading: poor categorical perception causes poor phoneme awareness, which in turn impacts reading performance. Poor VA span also impacts reading performance but independently of phoneme awareness and categorical perception. These findings are further evidence for the independent contribution of phonology and VA span to the reading outcome of dyslexic children. In Study IV, we assessed the longitudinal effects of two cognitive trainings. Dyslexic participants with a single phonological or a single VA span disorder were administered successively either a categorical perception then a VA span intervention, or the two trainings in the reverse order. At the clinical level, results show that intervention is more efficient when targeted on the underlying cognitive deficit. At the theoretical level, they question causal relationship between these cognitive deficit and dyslexia. Last, Study V explored the compensation power of a visual adaptation method using syllabic saliency. Results failed to show any positive effect of this method on reading performance. The overall findings support the cognitive heterogeneity of the dyslexic population and show that taking this issue into account is crucial to improve the effects of intervention programs
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Chatzispyridou, E. "The relationship between attention and the development of early word reading skills in typically developing children and children at risk of reading difficulties." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2017. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1553301/.
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Several studies have reported attention to be a predictor of literacy outcomes and/or its precursors across different measures of attention (e.g., Sims & Lonigan, 2013; Wanless et al., 2011), however, the evidence is inconsistent (e.g., Steele, 2012; Shapiro et al., 2013). There is also evidence that attentional difficulties co-occur with reading and language difficulties in children (e.g.,Germano, Gagliano & Curatolo, 2010; Gooch, Hulme & Snowling, 2014) and there are suggestions that attention is causally linked to reading difficulties (e.g., Bosse et al., 2007; Facoetti et al., 2005; 2009). The present thesis sought to examine whether different sub-components of attention were unique concurrent and longitudinal predictors of variation in the emerging word reading in children, after controlling for established foundation skills for literacy. A second aim was to examine the attentional profiles of children from the sample identified as having a developmental delay in word reading and foundation literacy skills (i.e., at risk for reading difficulties) after the initial year of literacy instruction at school, through a case series. Seventy-seven children in term 2 of Reception Year completed a set of tasks measuring foundation skills in literacy, visual and auditory attention (selective attention, sustained attention and attentional control). The sample was followed longitudinally over a period of 12 months, with their lexical and sublexical word reading skills assessed in Year 1 of school, together with their attentional skills. Using stepwise regression analysis, it was found that selective attention accounted for a small but statistically significant variation in lexical word reading above and beyond well-established cognitive-linguistic predictors. Visual sustained attention, but not auditory, was a concurrent and longitudinal predictor of phonological awareness. In addition, attentional control was a concurrent predictor of phoneme awareness in Year 1. Finally, children at risk for reading difficulties exhibited a profile of multiple attentional difficulties with the most prominent being auditory sustained attention. It is suggested that subcomponents of attention may play a differential role in the early acquisition of lexical and sub-lexical word reading accuracy. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.
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de, Jager Petronella Susanna. "A case study on the impact of sensory processing difficulties on the learning and development of two Asperger's syndrome learners in grade R." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1938.
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Dissertation (Masters in Education (Education and Social Sciences))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2009The purpose of this study was to explore the impact that sensory processing had on the learning and development of two Grade R learners that experience Asperger's Syndrome. The present study is grounded in theories originating from the works of Piaget (1973 & 1978), Vygotsky (1978 & 1993), Feuerstein (1980 & 1991) and Erikson (1950). The informal, flexible education experienced in Grade R classes reflects both the OBE curriculum and inclusive education systems found in South Africa. The main medium of learning is through sensory experiences, therefore it was necessary to research how two AS learners would learn and develop and explore their world through their senses. This research approach was purely qualitative. Multi-methods of data collection, particularly interviews and observations were used. The sample size was two independent case studies, using learners aged between five and seven, who had been clinically diagnosed with Asperger's Syndrome (AS). The two AS learners both attended mainstream Grade R classes and both had facilitators. The findings of the study answer the key research question: “What is the impact of sensory processing difficulties on the learning and development of two learners experiencing Asperger's Syndrome in Grade R?” The results confirmed the impact sensory processing had on the learning and development of learners experiencing AS. The learners had difficulty learning new skills and concepts. Although they were both bright learners, they were perceived as underachievers. Identifying these sensory difficulties and creating awareness among educators, can have a positive impact on these learners' adaptability in a mainstream school environment. This study recommends that early intervention with AS learners is vital for their future learning and development. The interpretation of body language and social skills of normal learners needs to be taught to learners with AS so they can begin to socialise with other learners positively. Ebersöhn & Eloff (2006) suggest that knowledge of asset-based good practices should be shared with educators and caregivers, so that they can focus on the AS learners' strengths and positive character traits. The multi-disciplinary team need to work together to offer support to these learners assisting them to develop to their full potential
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Medina, Curi Nicolás. "Atenção, memoria e dificuldades de aprendizagem." [s.n.], 2002. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/253388.
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Orientador: Fermino Fernandes NetoTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação
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Resumo: Este estudo teve como propósito analisar os desempenhos em atenção e em memória de um grupo de crianças com e sem dificuldades de aprendizagem na escrita e na leitura, tendo-se em vista que todas elas eram possuidoras de inteligência normal ou superior. Sob o suposto geral de que a atenção e a memória constituem atividades cognitivas envolvidas no processo da aprendizagem na escrita e na leitura, no que a inteligência estaria neutralizada, levantou-se a hipótese de trabalho que pressupõe que as crianças com dificuldades de aprendizagem na escrita e com deficiências no desempenho em leitura, e que apresentam inteligência normal ou superior, mostram baixos índices de atenção e memória, o que não se verifica com as crianças que não apresentam essas dificuldades e deficiências. Com a finalidade de verificar essa hipótese foram examinadas 267 crianças, de 2' e 3' séries de ensino fundamental de escolas estaduais de Campinas, diagnosticadas com inteligência normal ou superior através do teste do Desenho da Figura Humana. Depois foram avaìiadas suas habilidades na escrita e na leitura e, também seus desempenhos em atenção e em memória. Com base nos dados dessas avaliações, as variações do desempenho em atenção e em memória foram analisadas considerando os níveis de dificuldades de aprendizagem na escrita e os níveis de desempenho em leitura como fatores estáveis, mediante a análise de variância com um nível de significação de 0,05. Os resultados dessa análise estatística mostram que as crianças de ambos os grupos (2' e 3' séries) com dificuldades de aprendìzagem na escrita, apresentaram baixos índices de atenção e memória e aquelas sem dificuldades de aprendizagem na escrita expressaram altos índices de atenção e memória, enquanto que as crianças com deficiências no desempenho em leitura manifestaram baixos índices de atenção e memória e aquelas sem deficiências na leitura expressaram altos índices de atenção e memória. Em conseqiiência, de acordo com esses resultados verificou-se a hipótese de trabalho desta pesquisa
Abstract: This study had as purpose to analyze performances in attention and memory of a group of children with and without learning difhculties in writing and reading abilities, considering that all of them have normal or superior intelligence. Under the general supposition that attention and memory constitute cognitive activities involved in the process of learning writing and reading capabilities, in which intelligence would not be relevant, the working hypothesis of this research is formulated. This hypothesis presupposes that children with learning difficulties in writing and with performance deficiencies in reading, presenting normal or superior intelligence, show low indexes of attention and memory. This is not verified with children that do not present those difhculties and deficiencies. With the purpose of verifying this hypothesis, 267 children of 2nd and 3rd series of fundamental teaching of state schools in Campinas werc examined. They were diagnosed with normal or superior intelligence through the test of Drawing the Human Figure. Then they were evaluated in its abilities of writing and reading and also in its performances for attention and memory. Using data resulting from those evaluations, variations of performance in attention and memory were realyzed considering the levels of learning difhculties in writing and the levels of performance in reading as stable, by means of analizing the variance with a level of significance of 0,05. The results of this statistical analysis showed that children from both groups (2nd and 3rd series) with learning difficulties in writing skill presented low indexes of attention and memory. Those without learning difficulties in writing skill expressed high indexes of attention and memory. Children with performance deficiencies in reading skill manifested low indexes of attention and memory and those without deficiencies in reading expressed high indexes of attention and memory. In consequence, in agreement with those results the working hypothesis of this research was verified.
Doutorado
Psicologia, Desenvolvimento Humano e Educação
Doutor em Educação
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Örnborg, Zandra. "Koncentrationssvårigheter utifrån pedagogens perspektiv : Hur påverkas klassen och den enskilda individen?" Thesis, Karlstad University, Karlstad University, Karlstad University, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-3368.
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Syftet med det här arbetet var att undersöka utifrån några pedagogers perspektiv hur koncentrationssvårigheter beskrivs samt hur elevers koncentrationssvårigheter påverkar andra elever/klassen. Jag valde att göra en intervjustudie, där jag intervjuade fyra pedagoger utifrån deras erfarenheter och upplevelser. Jag ställde frågor som berörde svårigheter och yttrande av koncentrationssvårigheter, de andra elevernas reaktioner samt påverkan på klassen.
Resultatet av undersökningen visade att pedagogerna upplever att elever kan tycka att det är jobbigt och kan själva bli störda av barnet med koncentrationssvårigheter. Det framkom också att barnen runtomkring lär sig att hantera situationen genom att t.ex. ignorera. Pedagogerna tryckte på en öppen och rak kommunikation och värderade diskussioner med klassen högt, allt detta för att skapa en förståelse barnen emellan.
Forskning kring koncentrationssvårigheter finns det en uppsjö av. Den medicinska, sociala och den pedagogiska delen finns oftast med, men hur koncentrationssvårigheterna påverkar omgivningen finns det sämre av. Därför valde jag att också belysa eleverna runtomkring elever med koncentrationssvårigheter utifrån pedagogers perspektiv.
The purpose of this work was to study from a couple of teachers perspective how concentrations difficulties is being described and also how pupil.s concentration difficulties influence other pupils/the class. I chose to do an interviewstudy, where I interviewed four teachers from out of their experiences. I asked questions which touched diffuculties and how it manifests, the other pupils reactions and the influence on the class.
The result of the study showed that the teachers experience that pupils can feel that it is hard and can get disturbed by the child with concentration difficulties. It also came to light that the children around is making up strategies to handle the situation, for an example by ignoring. The teachers pushed for an open and straight communication and valued discussions with the class highly, all to build understanding between the children.
There is a lot of research about concentration difficulties. The medical, social and pedagogic pieces are there, but there is less about how the environment is effected. Therefore I chose to also shed a light on the pupils around the pupils with concentration difficulties from teachers' perspectives.
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Röde, Linnéa. "En intervjustudie om hur ASL fungerar för elever med NPF-problematik. : Verksamma klasslärare och speciallärares erfarenheter." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Pedagogiskt arbete, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-29371.
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Det finns en koppling mellan NPF-problematik och Dyslexi och läs- och skrivsvårigheter, vilket gör att läs- och skrivinlärningen kan bli extra bekymmersam för elever med NPF-problematik. Detta gör att det finns en svenskämnesdidaktisk vinst i att ta reda på hur metoder som används i läs- och skrivundervisningen fungerar ur ett NPF-perspektiv. Digitala verktyg används mer och mer i undervisningen och en metod för läs- och skrivinlärningen som utgår från användningen av dator eller lärplatta är Att skriva sig till läsning, ASL. Syftet med denna kvalitativa studie var att undersöka hur verksamma klasslärare och speciallärare upplever att ASL fungerar för elever med NPF-problematik. De frågeställningar som användes för att konkretisera syftet var: Vilka möjligheter med ASL anger informanterna det finns för elever med NPF-problematik? Och Vilka svårigheter med ASL anger informanterna det finns för elever med NPF-problematik? Utifrån ett sociokulturellt perspektiv på lärande genomfördes sex halvstrukturerade intervjuer med klasslärare/speciallärare. Resultatet av studien pekar på att ASL inte främst är en metod för att läs- och skrivundervisning, utan ett inkluderande arbetssätt som fungerar för alla elever och för svenskämnets alla delar.
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Röde, Linnéa. "En kvalitativ undersökning om hur ASL som metod för läs- och skrivinlärning fungerar för elever med NPF-problematik : Verksamma lärares erfarenheter." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Pedagogiskt arbete, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-31146.
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Skolsituationen för elever med neuropsykiatriska funktionsnedsättningar, NPFproblematik är ofta problematisk på grund av de svårigheter de befinner sig i. Lärare saknar också ofta kunskap om och har därför svårt att möta och anpassa undervisningen för elever med den här typen av problematik. Eftersom skolans kunskapsinhämtning bygger på det skrivna ordet är det av största vikt att eleverna så fort som möjligt tillgodogör sig läs- och skrivundervisningen. Det finns en koppling mellan NPF-problematik och Dyslexi och läs- och skrivsvårigheter, vilket gör att läs- och skrivinlärningen kan blir extra bekymmersam för elever med NPFproblematik. Detta gör att det finns en ämnesdidaktisk vinst i att ta reda på hur metoder som används i läs- och skrivundervisningen ur ett NPF- perspektiv. Digitala verktyg används mer och mer i undervisningen och en metod för läs- och skrivinlärningen som utgår från användningen av dator eller lärplatta är Att skriva sig till läsning, ASL. Syftet med denna kvalitativa studie är att undersöka hur verksamma lärare upplever att ASL som metod för läs- och skrivinlärning fungerar för elever med NPF-problematik. Den teoretiska utgångspunkt som används är sociokulturellt perspektiv på lärande och metoden för undersökningen är halvstrukturerade intervjuer.
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Phenix, Thierry. "Modélisation bayésienne algorithmique de la reconnaissance visuelle de mots et de l'attention visuelle." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAV075/document.
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Dans cette thèse, nous proposons un nouveau modèle conceptuel de la reconnaissance visuelle de mots implémenté sous forme mathématique de façon à évaluer sa capacité à reproduire les observations expérimentales du domaine. Une revue critique des modèles computationnels existants nous conduit à définir un cahier des charges sous la forme de cinq hypothèses qui sont à la base du modèle conceptuel proposé : le modèle est doté d'une architecture à trois niveaux (sensoriel, perceptif et lexical) ; le traitement est parallèle sur l'ensemble des lettres du stimulus ; l'encodage positionnel est distribué ; enfin, le traitement sensoriel des lettres intègre position du regard, acuité visuelle et distribution de l'attention visuelle. L'implémentation repose sur la méthodologie de la modélisation bayésienne algorithmique, conduisant au modèle BRAID (pour "Bayesian word Recognition with Attention, Interference and Dynamics").Nous vérifions la capacité du modèle à rendre compte des données obtenues en perceptibilité des lettres (par exemple, effets de supériorité des mots et des pseudo-mots, effets de contexte), en reconnaissance de mots et en décision lexicale (par exemple, effets de fréquence et de voisinage). Au total, nous simulons avec succès 28 expériences comportementales, permettant de rendre compte d'effets subtils dans chacun des domaines ciblés. Nous discutons les choix théoriques du modèle à la lumière de ces résultats expérimentaux, et proposons des perspectives d'extension du modèle, soulignant la flexibilité du formalisme choisiIn this thesis, we propose an original theoretical framework of visual word recognition, and implement it mathematically to evaluate its ability to reproduce experimental observations of the field. A critical review of previous computational models leads us to define specifications in the form of a set of five hypotheses, that form the basis of the proposed theoretical framework: the model is built on a three-layer architecture (sensory, perceptual, lexical); letter processing is parallel; positional coding is distributed; finally, sensory processing involves gaze position, visual acuity, and visual attention distribution. To implement the model, we rely on the Bayesian algorithmic modeling methodology, and define the BRAID model (for "Bayesian word Recognition with Attention, Interference and Dynamics")
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Leibnitz, Laurie. "Processus visuo-attentionnels et perceptifs dans la mise en place du codage orthographique." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM3098.
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Identifier le plus complètement possible les processus impliqués dans le développement de la lecture est nécessaire afin de permettre à un maximum d’enfants d’accéder à la maîtrise de la langue écrite. Si l’importance des compétences linguistiques (e.g., conscience phonologique) a été largement démontrée, peu d’études en revanche se sont spécifiquement intéressées au rôle des processus visuo-attentionnels et perceptifs dans l’apprentissage de la lecture ou à leur implication dans certains dysfonctionnements langagiers. Dans ce cadre, nous avons réalisé trois études longitudinales afin d'interroger le rôle des processus visuo-attentionnels et perceptifs, spécifiques au codage orthographique, dans l'apprentissage de la lecture. Le premier objectif de cette thèse était d'étudier si ces processus constituaient des pré-requis à l'apprentissage de la lecture. Nous avons administré à 89 enfants entre la MSM et le CP, une tâche d'identification de cible en fovéa (étude 1) et en parafovéa (étude 2). Nous avons observé que la précocité de la mise en place du codage orthographique prédisait le niveau de lecture au CP. Le second objectif était de dépister en maternelle, les enfants susceptibles de présenter des difficultés en lecture. Dans cette optique, les capacités visuo-attentionnelles et perceptives ont été évaluées auprès de 78 enfants entre la GSM et le CP, au moyen du logiciel VISA-kids que nous avons développé. Le traitement local prédisait les compétences en lecture au CP. Notre travail a ainsi mis en évidence l'importance des capacités visuo-attentionnelles et perceptives, à la fois pour l'apprentissage de la lecture et la prévention des difficultés en lectureIdentifying the processes involved in the development of reading is necessary to enable as many children as possible to become skilled processors of written language. Although the importance of spoken language skills (e.g., phonological awareness) has been widely demonstrated, few studies, however, have specifically investigated the role of visuo-attentional and perceptual processes in learning to read, or their possible involvement in reading disorders. In this context, we completed three longitudinal studies to examine the role of visuo-attentional and perceptual processes involved in orthographic coding during the first steps of learning to read. The first goal of this thesis was to investigate whether these processes were prerequisites for learning to read. We administered to 89 preschool children and first graders, a target identification task in the fovea (study 1) and the parafovea (study 2). We observed that the precocity of establishment of efficient orthographic coding predicted reading level in first grade. The second objective aimed at improving screening for future reading difficulties in kindergarten children. We developed software (VISA-kids) for assessing visuo-attentional and perceptual abilities that we evaluated in 78 preschool and first grade children. Local processing predicted reading level in the first grade. Our work has highlighted the importance of visuo-attentional and perceptual processes for learning to read and the importance of considering these factors for the prevention of reading difficulties
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Carail, Emilie. "Modélisation bayésienne et étude expérimentale du rôle de l'attention visuelle dans l'acquisition des connaissances lexicales orthographiques Modeling the length effect for words in lexical decision : The role of visual attention Lexical orthographic knowledge acquisition in adults : the whole-word visual processing impact Comprendre l’apprentissage orthographique et ses difficultés : apports et critiques des dernières modélisations computationnelles Variety of cognitive profiles in poor readers : Evidence for a VAS-impaired subtype. Incidental learning of novel words in adults : Effects of exposure and visual attention on eye movements The role of attention in visual word recognition : A Bayesian modeling approach From the eye to the page : Where we look when we’re reading." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAS032.
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Dans cette thèse, nous étudions le rôle de l’attention visuelle lors de l’acquisition, par un lecteur expert, de nouvelles connaissances lexicales orthographiques. Notre contribution est double. D'une part, nous développons un nouveau modèle computationnel, probabiliste d’apprentissage orthographique. Notre modèle, nommé BRAID-Learn, est une extension de BRAID, un modèle probabiliste hiérarchique de la reconnaissance visuelle de mots et de décision lexicale. D'autre part, nous apportons des données expérimentales originales sur l’évolution des mouvements oculaires lors de l’apprentissage incident de formes orthographiques nouvelles et démontrons la capacité du modèle à rendre compte de ces observations. Notre contribution est décrite dans trois articles.Dans le premier article, nous simulons l’effet de longueur tel qu'observé expérimentalement pour les mots en décision lexicale dans le French Lexicon Project. À travers 5 simulations, nous montrons que l’attention visuelle module l’effet de longueur et que réaliser plusieurs fixations attentionnelles lors du traitement des mots longs (à partir de 7 lettres) réduit l’effet de longueur au lieu de l’accentuer. Cette étude nous permet de calibrer les paramètres du sous-module de décision lexicale de notre modèle d’apprentissage.Le second article porte sur l'étude expérimentale du comportement oculomoteur de lecteurs adultes experts lors de l’apprentissage incident de mots nouveaux. Nous montrons que le nombre de fixation et la durée de traitement évoluent en fonction du nombre d'exposition avec un nouveau mot, témoignant du renforcement progressif de sa représentation orthographique en mémoire. Des données exploratoires suggèrent qu’apprentissage orthographique et comportements oculomoteurs sont également modulés par les capacités visuo-attentionnelles des participants.Dans le troisième et dernier article, nous présentons le modèle d’apprentissage BRAID-Learn et testons sa capacité à rendre compte des données oculomotrices précédemment décrites en condition d’apprentissage orthographique. Le modèle repose sur deux hypothèses originales. La première est que le système contrôle les paramètres visuo-attentionnels afin d'optimiser l'accumulation d'informations perceptives sur l’identité des lettres du stimulus et, donc, de construire efficacement une nouvelle trace orthographique pendant l’apprentissage. La seconde hypothèse est que la familiarité lexicale, c'est-à-dire, la probabilité que le stimulus présenté soit un mot connu, module l’influence descendante des représentations lexicales sur la perception des lettres. Nous montrons que le modèle reproduit avec succès les observations, c'est-à-dire la diminution du nombre de fixations et du temps de traitement pour les mots nouveaux au fil des répétitions.BRAID-Learn est le premier modèle d’apprentissage orthographique à établir un lien explicite entre acquisition orthographique et mouvements oculomoteurs en condition d’apprentissage incident. Une autre contribution importante de cette thèse est de montrer et préciser le rôle de l’attention visuelle dans l’apprentissage orthographique, suggérant que cette dimension pourrait être fortement impliquée dans le passage du mode de lecture analytique caractéristique de l’apprenant au mode de lecture global qui caractérise le lecteur expertIn this thesis, we study the role of visual attention when an expert reader acquires new orthographic lexical knowledge. Our contribution is twofold. On the one hand, we develop an original computational, probabilistic model of orthographic learning. Our model, named BRAID-Learn, is an extension of BRAID, a hierarchical probabilistic model of visual word recognition and lexical decision. On the other hand, we gather original experimental data on the evolution of eye movements during incidental learning of new orthographic forms and demonstrate the ability of the model to account for these observations. Our contribution is described in three articles.In the first article, we simulate the length effect as experimentally observed for words in lexical decision in the French Lexicon Project. Through 5 simulations, we show that visual attention modulates the length effect and that several attentional fixations during the processing of long words (7 letters or more) reduces the length effect, instead of accentuating it. This study allows us to calibrate the parameters of the lexical decision sub-model of our learning model.The second article focuses on the experimental study of oculomotor behavior of expert adult readers during the incidental learning of new words. We show that the number of fixations and processing duration vary according to the number of exposures to a novel word, testifying to the progressive strengthening of its orthographic representation in memory. Exploratory data suggest that orthographic learning and oculomotor behaviors are also modulated by the visual-attentional abilities of the participants.In the third and final article, we present the learning model BRAID-Learn and test its ability to account for previously described oculomotor data in orthographic learning conditions. The model is based on two original hypotheses. The first is that the system controls the visual-attentional parameters in order to optimize the accumulation of perceptual information on letters of the stimulus and, therefore, to efficiently build a new orthographic trace during learning. The second hypothesis is that lexical familiarity, that is, the probability that the stimulus presented is a known word, modulates the top-down influence of lexical representations on letter perception. We show that the model successfully reproduces the observations, namely the decrease of the number of fixations as well as processing duration for novel words across exposures.BRAID-Learn is the first orthographic learning model to establish an explicit link between orthographic learning and eye movements observed during the incidental orthographic learning. Another contribution of this thesis is to show and clarify the role of visual attention in orthographic learning, suggesting that this dimension could be strongly involved in the transition from serial reading, that characterizes learning readers, to global reading, that characterizes expert readers
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Pezzino, Anne-Sophie. "Acquisition de la lecture chez les personnes porteuses du syndrome de Williams." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REN20033/document.
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Le syndrome de Williams (SW) est une maladie génétique rare admettant un trouble du développement intellectuel (DI). Sur le plan neuropsychologique, la littérature fait état d’un consensus autour d’un profil dissociatif entre des capacités de langage oral relativement préservées et d’autres habiletés cognitives altérées. Malgré ces spécificités, peu d’études ont investigué le domaine des apprentissages dans cette population, dont celui de la lecture. Les rares résultats rapportés font part de trois hypothèses explicatives quant aux difficultés d’acquisition de la lecture : l’efficience intellectuelle, les capacités méta-phonologiques et, plus récemment, le traitement visuo-spatial.Dans la continuité de ces travaux, cette thèse propose, pour la première fois en France, de mieux comprendre les difficultés d’acquisition de la lecture chez des personnes porteuses du SW. Nos deux objectifs proposaient de caractériser les procédures de lecture et d’identifier les habiletés impliquées dans la mise en place de l’identification des mots écrits.Nos deux premières études présentent un état des lieux de la recherche actuelle auprès des personnes porteuses de DI et du SW. Au-delà du niveau d’efficience intellectuelle, nos observations indiquent que les compétences de lecture existent malgré des déficits de certaines habiletés cognitives. Nos trois derniers articles explicitent les résultats exploratoires de nos deux études, transversale et longitudinale, à l’aide de tests standardisés et d’appariement en âge chronologique, mental, de niveau de vocabulaire et de lecture. Les résultats démontrent une implication des compétences méta-phonologiques et visuo-spatiales, respectivement, lors de la mise en place de la voie sublexicale et de la récupération orthographique des mots écrits.Enfin, nous discutons des prises en charges thérapeutiques et de remédiations pouvant être adaptées à la population que nous étudions, mais plus largement, à d’autres populations atypiquesWilliams syndrome (WS) is a rare genetic disease involving an intellectual developmental disorder (ID). Regarding the neuropsychological level, a consensus around a dissociation profile between relatively preserved oral language and other impaired cognitive abilities is reported in the literature. Despite these specificities, few studies have investigated the learning aspects in this population, and more specifically the reading area. Three explanatory hypotheses are shared by the few reported results regarding the reading acquisition difficulties: intellectual efficiency, metaphonological abilities and, more recently, visuospatial processing. In line with this work, our research attempts, for the first time in France, to better understand the reading difficulties acquisition by people with the WS. Our two objectives were to characterize the reading procedures and to identify the skills involved in the installation of written words identification. Our first two studies present an inventory of the curent research about people with ID and WS. Beyond the level of intellectual efficiency, our observations indicate that these people have reading skills despite the deficits in certain cognitive skills. Our last three articles explain the exploratory results of our two studies, transversal and longitudinal, using standardized tests and matching chronological age, mental age, vocabulary level and reading level. The results demonstrate an involvement of metaphonological and visuospatial skills, respectively, in setting up the sublexical procedure and the orthographic recovery of written words. Finally, we are discussed about therapeutic and remediation treatment that can be appropriate to our study population, but more broadly, to other atypical populations
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Blomster, Kaisa. "Fysisk aktivitet eller Farmakologi för en hälsosammare behandlingsupplevelse enligt individer med ADHD? : Retrospektiv intervjustudie." Thesis, Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, GIH, Institutionen för fysisk aktivitet och hälsa, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:gih:diva-6351.
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Introduktion: ADHD är en uppmärksamhet -och hyperaktiv störning, där 90 % i Sverige behandlas med det farmakologiska läkemedlet Metylfenidat (MPH). En stor andel med ADHD utvecklar psykiatrisk komorbiditet i form av psykisk ohälsa (frånvaro av mentalt välbefinnande). Patofysiologin hur MPH påverkar hjärnan är okänd och behandlingsformen har diskuterats som bristfällig på grund av förekommande bieffekter. Fysisk aktivitet har föreslagits som ett hälsosammare behandlingsalternativ, då evidens visat att fysisk aktivitet kan förbättra ADHD-symptom och samsjuklighet av psykisk ohälsa. Det finns inga studier som undersökt hur individer med ADHD upplever nuvarande- och önskar behandling. Syftet med denna studie blev därför att undersöka upplevda erfarenheter av ADHD och hur det farmakologiska läkemedlet MPH och fysisk aktivitet upplevs ha påverkat diagnosens symptom och individernas psykiska hälsa samt att ta reda på vilken behandling individerna önskar utifrån deras livserfarenheter. Metoden utgick från ett fenomenologiskt ramverk med hjälp av en deskriptiv kvalitativ tvärsnittsstudie, där data extraherades genom en innehållsanalys med en induktiv ansats. Urvalet selekterades genom snöbollsurval, där inklusionskriteriet var att deltagarna blivit diagnostiserad med ADHD och har erfarenheter av MPH och fysisk aktivitet. Resultatet visade att symptom för ADHD var problematik med koncentration-, hyperaktivitet-, uppmärksamhet- och systematiska svårigheter, där symptom försämrat den psykiska hälsan. Det framgick att både MPH och fysisk aktivitet effektiviserade symptom mot koncentration, hyperaktivitet och uppmärksamhet, varav KBT (kognitiv beteendeterapi) förbättrade systematiska svårigheter. Vidare bidrog MPH med fysiska, mentala och beteendeföränderliga bieffekter som försämrade den psykiska hälsan. Fysisk aktivitet visade däremot förbättra den psykiska hälsan, där inaktivitet framgick som en central nackdel för förvärring av symptom och psykisk hälsa. Deltagarnas önskan var att behandling bör uppföljas och baseras på en överenskommelse som anpassas efter individuella svårigheter och hälsotillstånd. Slutsatsen med studien kom fram till att behandlas med fysisk aktivitet i kombination med KBT skulle vara hälsosammare som första behandling mot samtliga ADHD-symptom och psykisk hälsa. I andra hand var det deltagarnas önskan att applicera MPH vid akut behov, och är därav förslag att forska fram MPH som engångsbehandling som kan användas vid inaktiva tillstånd. Studien kom fram till att inkludering av fler idrottsvetenskapliga tjänster till vård och skola behövs för mer kompetens om vikten av fysisk aktivitet för individer som har ADHD.Introduction: ADHD is an attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, where 90% in Sweden is treated with the pharmacological drug Methylphenidate (MPH). People diagnosed with ADHD develop often psychiatric comorbidity in form of mental illness. The pathophysiology behind how MPH influence the brain is unknown and the treatment have been discussed as deficient due to side effects. Physical activity has been suggested as a healthier treatment option, as evidence shows that physical activity can improve ADHD-symptoms and comorbidity of mental illness. There are no studies that have invastigate how individuals with ADHD experience current- and desired treatment. The aim of this study was therefore to investigate the experiences of having ADHD and how the pharmacological treatment MPH and physical activity has affected the symptoms and mental health, and also find out what treatment the individuals want based on their life experiences. The method was derived from a phenomenological framework using a descriptive qualitative cross-sectional study. Data was analyzed with an inductive approach using an interpretive analysis. Participants was recruited through a snowball selection, where the inclusion criteria stated that participants been diagnosed with ADHD and have experience of MPH and physical activity. The results showed that the frequent occurring symptoms of ADHD were difficulties with concentration-, hyperactivity-, attention- and systematic symptoms, where symptoms had shown a negative effect on the mental health. It appeared that both MPH and physical activity made symptom improvement against concentration-, hyperactivity- and attention difficulties, while CBT (Cognitive Behavioral Therapy) improved systematic difficulties. MPH contributed to side effects that affected physiological-, psychological- and behavioral aspects, which all were perceived to have a negative influence on mental health. In contrast, physical activity improved mental health and showed no evidence of side effects, except when physical activity was absent from daily life. Inactivity appeard to be a central disadvantage for worsening symptoms and mental health. The participants desired that their treatment should be tailored to individual difficulties and health condition in a collaborative way and with follow-up from the health care worker. The study concluded that physical activity in combination with CBT would be a healthier as first treatment option to reduce symptoms of ADHD and improve mental heatlh. Additionally, the participants desired treatment with MPH in form of single doses for urgent need, and it is therefore to suggest development of such treatment option. Furthermore, the study proposes more services for sport science within healthcare and schools for containing applicable knowledge in physical activity for dose with ADHD.
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Balaguer, Fàbregas Carme. "Lectura Estratègica dels Problemes Matemàtics a l'Educació Primària." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/9348.
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La tesi pretén demostrar la validesa d'un programa d'ensenyament i aprenentatge de les matemàtiques a l'educació primària, en base a un reforçament de la lectura dels problemes matemàtics. La fonamentació teòrica d'aquest programa és la Concepció Constructivista de l'Ensenyament i Aprenentatge i la metodologia utilitzada en la implementació del programa és l'ensenyament i aprenentatge estratègic , aplicat segons la seqüència metodològica proposada per Monereo. Un altre element determinant va ser la presentació de continguts molt contextualitzats a la realitat del grup al qual es va aplicar el programa. Els resultats aconseguits van confirmar la millora de rendiment dels infants des d'un punt de vista conceptual i procedimental, però sobretot una millora actitudinal relativa a un increment de motivació per la tasca. Els principis psicopedagògics en els que es fonamenta el model d'intervenció són: Prevenció del fracàs, atenció a la diversitat, foment del pensament crític, motivació, globalització i contextualitzacó i ensenyament estratègic.La tesis pretende demostrar la validez de un programa de enseñanza y aprendizaje de las matemáticas en la Educación Primaria, en base a un refuerzo de la lectura de los problemas matemáticos. El fundamento teórico de este programa es la Concepción Constructivista de la Enseñanza y el Aprendizaje y la metodología utilizada en la implementación del programa es la enseñanza y aprendizaje estratégico, aplicada según la secuencia metodológica propuesta por Monereo. Otro factor determinante ha sido la presentación de contenidos muy contextualizados a la realidad del grupo al cual se ha aplicado el programa. Los resultados logrados han confirmado la mejora de rendimiento del alumnado desde un punto de vista conceptual y procedimental, pero sobretodo una mejora actitudinal relativa a un incremento de motivación por la tarea. Los principios psicopedagógicos en los que se fundamenta el modelo de intervención son: Prevención del fracaso, atención a la diversidad, fomento del pensamiento crítico, motivación, globalización y contextualización y enseñanza estratégica.
The thesis aims to demonstrate the validity of a program of teaching and learning mathematics in primary education, based on strengthening the reading of mathematical problems. The theoretical foundation of this program is the Constructivist Conception of Teaching and Learning and the methodology used in implementing the program is learning strategies, applied according to methodological sequence, proposed by Monereo. Another important factor has been that contents of learning activities are highly contextualised to the real life of the group to which the program has been implemented. The results obtained have confirmed the improvement in student performance both in conceptual and procedural contents, but especially on attitudinal contents due to increased motivation for the task. Psycho-educational principles in underpinning the intervention model are: Prevention of failure, attention to diversity, promotion of critical thinking, motivation, globalization and contextualization and strategic teaching
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Van, der Westhuizen Beulah. "An ecosystemic approach to addressing attentional difficulties and heightened motor activity." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/2165.
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The study proposes an ecosystemic approach as an intervention for attentional
difficulties and heightened motor activity, traditionally known as AD/HD. A literature
study of AD/HD is presented first as a psycho-educational frame of reference. The focus
then shifts to the symtoms of AD/DH to move closer to the possible underlying causes
of these symptoms. In doing so, the focus changes from AD/HD as a diagnosis to
attentional difficulties and heightened motor activity as presenting symptoms. Attention
and motor activity as constructs are investigated in terms of their neuro-anatomical,
neuro-chemical and neuro-physiological aspects. Furthermore, neurodevelopment,
physiological stress, neurodevelopmental delay, information processing systems,
sensory-motor subsystems and integration as constructs are investigated to understand
their role in attention and modulation of motor activity.
The study of attention and motor activity and their associated neurological factors
motivates an alternative, ecosystemic method of intervention. The proposed approach
includes an investigation into internal and external biochemical ecosystems such as
environmental pollutants, deficiencies of essential nutrients and genetic deficiencies of
the immune system. Other aspects such as time, maturation and neurodevelopment are
also considered as well as the gentle interplay between these aspects. The therapeutic
intervention includes sound therapy, neurodevelopmental movement activities, EEG
neurofeedback and nutrition.
Experimental research with a sample population of 12 diagnosed grade 4 and 5 AD/HD
learners over a 11 week period was conducted. Statistically significant improvements in
aspects of attention were noted using 2 standardised instruments and verification
through parent interviews in the first and second experimental groups. Statistically
significant improvements were noted in aspects of motor activity (a decline in
hyperactive behaviour) in the second experimental group with verification from teacher
interviews. Additionally, children in the first experimental group improved significantly
more than children in the control group with regards to mathematic skills. The second experimental group showed significant improvement with large effect sizes on reading,
mathematic skills and spelling.
In conclusion, the statistically significant results obtained with the proposed approach
motivates implementation, with improvements in attention, motor activity control and
academic performance as a prospect.Psychology of Education
D. Ed.(Psychology of Education)
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Stinson, Amanda M. "Teacher beliefs about children with attention and behavioral difficulties." 2009. http://digital.library.okstate.edu/etd/Stinson_okstate_0664D_10277.pdf.
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Fuller, Emily Jane. "The Effects of Pacing on Academic Performance in Elementary School Students with Attention Difficulties." 2010. http://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss/797.
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Researchers have investigated pacing and accuracy of students’ academic work. However, studies investigating the effects pacing have mixed results regarding accuracy levels and student acceptability. Fuller, Krohn, Orsega, Skinner, and Williams (2009) conducted a pilot study examining the impact of slowing students down on their accuracy levels. Specifically, Fuller et al. (2009) had computers deliver multiplication problems one at a time. In the no-delay condition a new problem was delivered immediately after students provided an answer to the previous problem. In the delay condition, after students entered the answer to a problem there was a 7-second delay before the computer delivered the next problem. No significant differences in accuracy levels between the two conditions were found, suggesting that pacing had no effect on accuracy. However, response accuracy levels were very high, suggesting that a ceiling effect may have hindered researchers’ ability to find significant differences.
The current study extended this research on pacing by using more difficult multiplication problems. In addition, researchers have suggested that attention required to complete tasks may be a moderator variable that influences the effects of pacing on accuracy levels. However, researchers have not examined attention as a between-subjects moderator variable. The two primary purposes of this study were to investigate whether decreasing the pace of academic work by artificially inflating intertrial intervals (delay between problems) influenced mathematics performance and to determine if students’ attention levels moderated this impact. Participants were 111 fourth- and fifth-grade students who completed two sets of multiplication problems (7-second delay condition and no-delay condition). Students’ teachers completed brief attention ratings for students that were used to separate students into high and low attention problems groups.
A mixed models ANOVA revealed no significant interaction which suggests that pacing does not interact with attention and accuracy. This study fails to support preceding studies claiming that a faster pace increases accuracy levels, but it did suggest that slowing the pace of students work does not hurt performance. Results indicate that previous researchers may be wrong about the influence of pacing on accuracy levels and attention as a moderating variable.
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Dayar, Priya. "The efficacy of choresan (R36) ® on children with "specific learning difficulties"." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/4804.
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M.Tech.This research was conducted to determine the efficacy of Choresan (R36) ® on children with “Specific Learning Disabilities”. Choresan (R36) ® is a complex homoeopathic formulation indicated for use in mild nervous disorders, physical restlessness, tics and spasms and muscular twitching (Dr. Reckeweg and Co. GMBH, 2009). Choresan (R36)® contains a combination of homoeopathic remedies that lend to usage for the symptomology associated with Specific Learning Disabilities. Specific Learning Disabilities are defined as a group of basic psychological processes which affect the understanding and use of language (written and spoken). Individuals present with an inability to learn as well as restlessness or hyperactivity (Webb, 2008). The management of Specific Learning Disabilities is two fold, namely education and scheduled drugs. The use of antipsychotic and stimulant drugs have problematic long term efficacy with adverse side effects (Matson and Neal, 2009). This study was conducted to determine if homoeopathic medicine may be able to suggest a safer, side effect free alternative.
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Chen-ShuoWANG and 王宸碩. "Effects of Uniform Color on Attentionand Mood of People with Developmental Difficulties in the Workplace." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/09244993307617922074.
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碩士輔仁大學
企業管理學系管理學碩士班
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The study applied occupational therapy and operational management theories to the field of sheltered workshop management. Through experimentation using Chu’s Attention Test and Hand Dexterity Test, the study explores whether sheltered workers with intellectual disabilities are affected by background color at the workplace. Result of the research may contribute to work environment management of shelter workshops that provide training and employment for people with developmental difficulties. Chu Attention Test and Hand Dexterity Test are administered on 10 workers with mild or moderate developmental difficulties currently working at a sheltered workshop. Uniform color is playing as background color when the subjects take the Tests. Two workingconditions are applied: workers in red uniform and workers in blue uniform. The hypotheses are that uniform color affects attention and hand dexterity, and data is analyzed using SPSS.
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Sanscartier, Annie. "Prématurité et difficultés d'attention à l'âge scolaire /." 2003. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=766817921&sid=2&Fmt=2&clientId=9268&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Jacobson, Laura Thompson. "Improving the writing performance of high school students with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and writing difficulties." 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1858625331&sid=9&Fmt=2&clientId=14215&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 2009.Title from title screen (site viewed October 15, 2009). PDF text: v, 121 p. : col. ill. ; 531 Kb. UMI publication number: AAT 3369352. Includes bibliographical references. Also available in microfilm and microfiche formats.
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Strassner, Emily Marie. "The relation between difficulties in empathic responding and reading comprehension performance in children with ADHD: comparisons by subtype." Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/2966.
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Van, Schalkwyk Maria Magdalena. "Kognitiewe beheerterapie in groepsverband met leerders met ATHV." Diss., 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/871.
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Text in AfrikaansIn this study quantitative research is employed to determine if cognitive control therapy can successfully be utilized in a group situation to alleviate cognitive deficiency in learners with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Learners with ADHD often do not gain from traditional play- and psychotherapy due to the fact that they do not possess the required cognitive structure necessary to support successful learning. Many of these learners do not receive sufficient assistance and support due to a shortage of government supported educational psychological aid. An empirical investigation of limited scope was performed to establish whether cognitive deficiencies can be alleviated by means of applying cognitive control therapy in a group situation. A one-group pretest-posttest design was utilized where the same group of subjects was studies before and after the experimental treatment. The results indicate that the cognitive control therapy program resulted in a considerable change.
Educational Studies
M. Ed. (Voorligting)
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McLuckie, Alan. "Are Executive Function Difficulties Reported by Parents and Teachers Associated with Elevated Levels of Parenting Stress for Children Diagnosed with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, with and without Oppositional Defiant Disorder?" Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/31863.
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Parents raising children with Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) experience high levels of parenting stress, especially when ADHD is accompanied by comorbid Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ADHD/ODD). Children with ADHD experience difficulties with their executive functions in such areas as inhibition control, working memory, and emotional regulation. Despite evidence linking ADHD with parenting stress, and ADHD with executive function difficulties (EFDs), there is little research exploring whether EFDs within an ADHD population are associated with parenting stress. This dissertation’s main objective is to determine whether parent-reported and teacher-reported childhood EFDs are associated with elevated levels of parenting stress. A secondary data analysis was completed on a cross-section of parent and teacher completed psychiatric assessment measures for children (n=243) diagnosed with ADHD. Measures included the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function, the Conners’ Parent Rating Scale and the Parenting Stress Index, Long Form.
A number of important findings were produced; key of which was the finding that a strong association exists between parent-reported EFDs and Child Domain parenting stress. Consistent with prior ADHD research, difficulties with emotional control and inhibition were found to be potent predictors of Child Domain parenting stress. To a lesser degree, children’s difficulties with initiation and self-monitoring were associated with Child Domain parenting stress, suggesting that daily hassles pose challenges for parents, especially when the child attends a new school. Also important was the finding that parent-reported oppositionality partially mediated the relationship between EFDs with emotional control, inhibition and shift, and Child Domain parenting stress. Despite teachers’ reports that children displayed more severe behaviours than were reported by parents, teacher-reported EFDs were not significantly associated with Child Domain parenting stress, with a few exceptions. Although not a well-explored concept within the literature on ADHD and parenting stress, parental acceptance of the child emerged as source of Child Domain parenting stress and a potential focus for assessment and treatment. Findings from the current study suggest that early identification and intervention with emotional control difficulties and ODD are vital due to their strong association with clinically significant levels of Child Domain parenting stress.
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Raath, Jana. "Sensory integration strategies for the child with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder." Diss., 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/2315.
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In this qualitative research study the focus is on the use of sensory integration strategies with children who have Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. Three respondents specialising in sensory integration in the Durbanville area were involved. Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted with each of the respondents in order to gain knowledge on the use of sensory integration strategies with children who have Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder by a professional other than an occupational therapist. After permission had been obtained, the interviews were captured on video tape and transcribed for use in the empirical study. Seven themes were identified from the interviews and a literature control was done with each of the themes. The researcher did not attempt to generalise the results of the research, but tried to reflect on the information that the respondents provided. The researcher summarised the findings of the empirical study and made recommendations.Social Work
M. Diac (Play Therapy)
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Scorvo, Beatriz Losacco. "Intervenção educativa com crianças e jovens do Serviço de Pedopsiquiatria." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/94434.
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Relatório de Estágio do Mestrado em Ciências da Educação apresentado à Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da EducaçãoThe aim of this report is to describe the work developed through the school year coucerning the curriculum Internship developed in the services of Pedopsiquiatria of the Hospital Pediátrico of Coimbra, in order to abtain the master degree at the Faculty of Psychology and of Sciences of Education of University of Coimbra. Along 6 months, 14 children and youth aged between 7 and 14 years old were accompanied. All of them had school difficulties associated with the inapropriate use of strateges and studying methods, specific learning disabilities and behaviour problems such as hiperactivity disturbance and attention deficit, and opposition and challenge disturbance. Ate the beginning it was made a psyichopedagogical evaluation through tests and according to the results and children’s needs, intervention plans were established focused on their specific difficulties. This support was made throgh reeducation sessions, wich also contributed to the children’s physical, psychic and social-affective development. For a better understanding of the applied instruments, we have made a description of all tests used in the psychopedagogical evaluation, with the explanation of each one’s aplication method and its quotation type. Besides, a description of the programs and methods used in the interventions that allowed the overcome of the difficulties presented by children We, also, presente the creative expression therapeutic groups, in wich we followed 11 children, aged between 5 and 9 years old, with diferente pathologies.
O presente relatório visa descrever o trabalho desenvolvido ao longo do atual ano letivo, relativamente ao Estágio Curricular realizado no serviço de Pedopsiquiatria do Hospital Pediátrico de Coimbra, para a obtenção do grau de Mestre pela Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação da Universidade de Coimbra. Ao longo de 6 meses, foram acompanhadas 14 crianças e jovens com idades compreendidas entre os 5 e os 14 anos, com dificuldades escolares associadas ao uso inapropriado de estratégias e métodos de estudo, a dificuldades específicas de aprendizagem e a problemas comportamentais, tais como perturbação de hiperatividade e défice de atenção e perturbação de oposição e desafio. Inicialmente procedeu-se a uma avaliação psicopedagógica, e conforme os resultados e as necessidades das crianças, foram traçados planos de intervenção focalizados nas suas dificuldades específicas. Este acompanhamento foi realizado através de sessões de reeducação, contribuindo também para desenvolvimento físico, psíquico e sócio afetivo das mesmas. Para uma melhor compreensão dos instrumentos aplicados, realizamos uma descrição de todos os testes utilizados nas avaliações psicopedagógicas, com a explicação do modo de aplicação de cada um e o seu tipo de cotação. E também, uma descrição dos programas e métodos utilizados nas intervenções, que permitiram a superação das dificuldades apresentadas pelas crianças. Além do já referido, referimos os grupos Terapêuticos de Expressão Criativa, na qual acompanhamos 11 crianças, com idades compreendidas entre os 5 e os 9 anos, com diferentes tipos de patologias.
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Tichý, Pavel. "Reedukace motorických obtíží u dětí mladšího školního věku." Doctoral thesis, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-353377.
Full textAbstract:
BIBLIOGRAPHIC IDENTIFICATION Name and surname of the author: Mgr. Pavel Tichý Name of the dissertation: Re-education of children with motor difficulties of primary school age Workplace: FTVS UK, Department of Sport Games Supervisor of the work: Doc. PhDr. Vladimír Süss, Ph.D. Year of presentation: 2016 ABSTRACT Objective: The aim was to find out the possibility of the re-education of motor difficulties in children of primary school age and create a re-education intervention program, the aim of which is to reduce these difficulties. Subsequently, to verify whether the intervention program had an effect on the motor difficulties of the children. Method: The research was designed as a prospective intervention study where there were two combined orientations ofeducational research: quantative and qualitative. To solve the problem a research design was used, called Crossover Design (Wilmore et al., 2008, Thomas et al., 2005), which was conceived as an experiment with an intervention re-education program aimed at improving the motor difficulties of children. The quantative part of the research was focused on the assessment of motor skills and to detect motor problems in children of primary school age. MABC-2 (Henderson et al., 2007) battery of motor tests were used for this purpose. The qualitative part of the...
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Jesus, Ana Rita Ferreira. "Intervenção psicomotora em crianças do pré-escolar e do 1.º ciclo no Colégio Pedro Arrupe." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/20676.
Full textAbstract:
O presente documento foi desenvolvido na Unidade Curricular de Ramo de Aprofundamento de Competências Profissionais, do Mestrado em Reabilitação Psicomotora da Faculdade de Motricidade Humana. Este relatório reflete toda a intervenção concretizada no Colégio Pedro Arrupe durante o ano letivo 2018/2019 ao longo de nove meses. A intervenção psicomotora foi realizada num contexto escolar, em sessões individuais ou de grupo, com crianças do pré-escolar e do 1.º ciclo, baseada essencialmente nas problemáticas de maior incidência nestes ciclos, como os problemas de comportamento, as dificuldades de aprendizagem e as dificuldades de atenção. No sentido de complementar todo o trabalho efetuado, executou-se a caracterização institucional e a abordagem teórica aos problemas referidos anteriormente e implicados diretamente na atuação da estagiária. A realização da prática profissional inclui a intervenção psicomotora com os casos acompanhados nos vários contextos, bem como de modo mais pormenorizado, a apresentação de um estudo de caso que abrange todos os dados inerentes à implementação do plano pedagógico-terapêutico.This paper was developed in the curricular unit of Professional Competences-Deepening, of the master in Psychomotor Rehabilitation of the Faculty of Human Kinetics. The entire intervention carried out at the Pedro Arrupe College during the 2018/2019 school year for nine months is disclosed in this report. The psychomotor intervention was carried out in a scholar context, in individual or group sessions, with children of the preschool and of the 1st grade. It was based essentially in the problems with higher incidence in these cycles, such as behaviour problems, learning difficulties and attention difficulties. In order to enhance all the work accomplished, the institutional characterization and the theoretical approach to the problems mentioned above and directly implicated in the trainee’s proceeding. The accomplishment of the professional practice includes the psychomotor intervention with the cases followed in the various contexts. As well as in a more detailed, the presentation of a case study covering all the data inherent in the implementation of the pedagogicaltherapeutic plan.
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Luís, Maria João Barbeiros. "Relatório de estágio, Centro de Avaliação Médico Psicológica Psicosorrir : a psicomotricidade nas perturbações do neurodesenvolvimento." Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/14097.
Full textAbstract:
O presente relatório surge no âmbito do estágio desenvolvido no Centro de Avaliação Médico Psicológica Psicosorrir (Amarante) e inserido no Ramo de Aprofundamento de Competências Profissionais do Mestrado em Reabilitação Psicomotora. O intuito da elaboração deste relatório prende-se com a descrição e o aprofundamento da prática profissional realizada ao longo do ano letivo 2015/2016.
Neste sentido, é feita uma abordagem teórica às Dificuldades de Aprendizagem Especificas, nomeadamente a dislexia, à Perturbação de Hiperatividade e Défice de Atenção, à Psicomotricidade e à Intervenção Psicomotora nas problemáticas mencionadas. Além da revisão de literatura foi realizado o enquadramento institucional, descrita a organização e dinâmica do estágio e, por último, foi feita a caracterização de um estudo de caso (avaliação inicial, discussão dos resultados e intervenção).
Em termo de conclusão destaca-se a evolução profissional como ponto fulcral do trabalho desenvolvido, passando da observação à avaliação e aplicação de instrumentos, ao planeamento das intervenções, à interação com outros profissionais, ao contacto com outras áreas e, por fim, à interação com diversas populações e faixas etárias, bem como os seus familiares.
É ainda de realçar que o autoconhecimento proveniente de uma maior experiência profissional é um fator vital para o desenvolvimento pessoal da estagiária.This presente report was conducted within the participation in the internship in the medical centre Psicossorrir (Amarante), with the aim of developing the professional competencies within the Psychomotor Therapy Masters degree. The purpose of this report is to describe and deepen the professional practice carried out during the academic year 2015/2016. Therefore, a theoretical approach to specific learning difficulties was completed, which included dyslexia, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, psychomotricity, and also the appropriate interventions to the above mentioned. A review of literature and institutional framework was conducted and the organization and dynamics of the internship were described. At last, the characterization of a study case was held (initial assessment, discussion of the results and intervention). In conclusion, the professional development should be highlighted as the strong point within the accomplishment of this assignment, going through the steps of observation, review and implementation of the tools, planning interventions, interaction with other professionals and other clinical areas, and at last the interaction with a vast population with different ages and also their families. I should also emphasize the self knowledge and professional experience as the most importante factors for the personal development of the trainee.