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Journal articles on the topic 'Attentional bias'

To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Attentional bias.

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 7 July 2024

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1

Gladwin, Thomas E. "Attentional bias variability and cued attentional bias for alcohol stimuli." Addiction Research & Theory 25, no. 1 (June 29, 2016): 32–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/16066359.2016.1196674.

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2

Nowrouzi, Ali, Najmeh Hamid, Kumars Beshlideh, and Seyed Ali Marashy. "The effectiveness of attentional bias modification on attentional bias, pre-attentional bias and craving in abstinent addicts." Advances in Cognitive Science 21, no. 4 (January 1, 2020): 12–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.30699/icss.21.4.12.

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3

Gladwin, Thomas E., Martin Möbius, and Eni S. Becker. "Predictive attentional bias modification induces stimulus-evoked attentional bias for threat." Europe’s Journal of Psychology 15, no. 3 (September 27, 2019): 479–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/ejop.v15i3.1633.

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Attentional Bias Modification (ABM) aims to modulate attentional biases, but questions remain about its efficacy and there may be new variants yet to explore. The current study tested effects of a novel version of ABM, predictive ABM (predABM), using visually neutral cues predicting the locations of future threatening and neutral stimuli that had a chance of appearing after a delay. Such effects could also help understand anticipatory attentional biases measured using cued Visual Probe Tasks. One hundred and two participants completed the experiment online. We tested whether training Towards Threat versus Away from Threat contingencies on the predABM would cause subsequent attentional biases towards versus away from threat versus neutral stimuli, respectively. Participants were randomly assigned and compared on attentional bias measured via a post-training Dot-Probe task. A significant difference was found between the attentional bias in the Towards Threat versus Away from Threat group. The training contingencies induced effects on bias in the expected direction, although the bias in each group separately did not reach significance. Stronger effects may require multiple training sessions. Nevertheless, the primary test confirmed the hypothesis, showing that the predABM is a potentially interesting variant of ABM. Theoretically, the results show that automatization may involve the process of selecting the outcome of a cognitive response, rather than a simple stimulus-response association. Training based on contingencies involving predicted stimuli affect subsequent attentional measures and could be of interest in future clinical studies.

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4

Edalati, Hanie, Zach Walsh, and David S. Kosson. "Attentional Bias in Psychopathy." International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 60, no. 11 (March 26, 2015): 1344–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306624x15577791.

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5

Basanovic, Julian, Lies Notebaert, Ben Grafton, Colette R. Hirsch, and Patrick J. F. Clarke. "Attentional control predicts change in bias in response to attentional bias modification." Behaviour Research and Therapy 99 (December 2017): 47–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2017.09.002.

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6

ZHANG, Yu, Yu LUO, Shouying ZHAO, Wei CHEN, and Hong LI. "Attentional Bias towards Threat: Facilitated Attentional Orienting or Impaired Attentional Disengagement?" Advances in Psychological Science 22, no. 7 (2014): 1129. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1042.2014.01129.

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7

Klonteig, S., R. Jonassen, P. Mirtaheri, E. Hilland, and S. I. Ougendal. "Paying attention to attentional bias: comparing EEG, fNIRS, eye-tracking and behavioral measures of attentional bias - a pilot study." International Journal of Psychophysiology 188 (June 2023): 131–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2023.05.335.

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8

Yaxley, Richard H., and Rolf A. Zwaan. "Attentional bias affects change detection." Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 12, no. 6 (December 2005): 1106–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/bf03206451.

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9

MacLeod, Colin, Andrew Mathews, and Philip Tata. "Attentional bias in emotional disorders." Journal of Abnormal Psychology 95, no. 1 (1986): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-843x.95.1.15.

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10

Mohammadi, Somayyeh, Mohsen Dehghani, Ali Khatibi, Robbert Sanderman, and Mariët Hagedoorn. "Caregiversʼ attentional bias to pain." PAIN 156, no. 1 (January 2015): 123–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pain.0000000000000015.

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11

Intili, Rita, and Nicholas Tarrier. "ATTENTIONAL BIAS IN MORBID JEALOUSY." Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 26, no. 4 (November 1998): 323–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1352465898264046.

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Morbid jealousy is a potentially disruptive condition that has received little attention. A cognitive-behavioural formulation of morbid jealousy proposes that such individuals possess schema in which there is a perceived threat of loss of their sexual partner. An attentional bias in morbid jealousy was investigated by using a dichotic listening task and the modified Stroop test. Twenty subjects who had met criterion for morbid jealousy were compared with 20 control subjects. In the dichotic listening task, word pairs were presented to each ear simultaneously, and subjects shadowed one channel while identifying target words. Ten percent of the words presented to the non-attended channel were target words, of which half were jealousy-related and half were not. Subjects were not told that the target words were only presented in the unattended channel. In the modified Stroop test, subjects had to name the colour of a series of Os, colour words, emotional words, control neutral words and jealousy-related words. As predicted, jealous subjects showed a superior performance in detecting jealousy-related stimuli in the dichotic listening task and an impaired performance in the colour naming of jealousy-related stimuli in the modified Stroop test, compared to the control subjects and the control conditions. The results of this study add support to the formulation that morbid jealousy involves an attentional bias towards jealousy-related information and this may have clinical implications.

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12

Ryan, Frank. "Attentional bias and alcohol dependence." Addictive Behaviors 27, no. 4 (July 2002): 471–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0306-4603(01)00183-6.

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13

Merckelbach, Harald, Wiljo Van Hout, Peter De Jong, and Marcel A. Van Den Hout. "Classical conditioning and attentional bias." Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry 21, no. 3 (September 1990): 185–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0005-7916(90)90005-6.

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14

Maccallum, Fiona, and Richard A. Bryant. "Attentional bias in complicated grief." Journal of Affective Disorders 125, no. 1-3 (September 2010): 316–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2010.01.070.

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15

Zvielli, Ariel, Amit Bernstein, and Ernst H. W. Koster. "Temporal Dynamics of Attentional Bias." Clinical Psychological Science 3, no. 5 (October 8, 2014): 772–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2167702614551572.

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16

NISHIGUCHI, Yuki, and Yoshihiko TANNO. "Attentional bias in dysphoric individuals." Proceedings of the Annual Convention of the Japanese Psychological Association 75 (September 15, 2011): 2EV022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4992/pacjpa.75.0_2ev022.

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17

Shafran, Roz, Michelle Lee, Zafra Cooper, Robert L. Palmer, and Christopher G. Fairburn. "Attentional bias in eating disorders." International Journal of Eating Disorders 40, no. 4 (2007): 369–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eat.20375.

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18

Yan, Xiaodan, Yi Jiang, Jin Wang, Yuan Deng, Sheng He, and Xuchu Weng. "Preconscious attentional bias in cigarette smokers: a probe into awareness modulation on attentional bias." Addiction Biology 14, no. 4 (October 2009): 478–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1369-1600.2009.00172.x.

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19

Grafton, Ben, and Colin MacLeod. "A Positive Perspective on Attentional Bias: Positive Affectivity and Attentional Bias to Positive Information." Journal of Happiness Studies 18, no. 4 (June 1, 2016): 1029–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10902-016-9761-x.

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20

Schoorl, Maartje, Peter Putman, Steven Van Der Werff, and A. J. Willem Van Der Does. "Attentional bias and attentional control in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder." Journal of Anxiety Disorders 28, no. 2 (March 2014): 203–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2013.10.001.

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21

Paulewicz, Borysław, Agata Blaut, and Joanna Kłosowska. "Cognitive effects of attentional training depend on attentional control." Polish Psychological Bulletin 43, no. 4 (December 1, 2012): 272–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10059-012-0030-5.

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Abstract Attentional bias is assumed to be partly responsible for the onset and maintenance of anxiety by major cognitive theories of emotional disorders. Although much is already known about the therapeutic effects of attentional bias training, only a few studies have examined the mechanism responsible for these effects. In order to test if low-level, cognitive effects of attentional bias training depend on attentional control, 73 participants, who completed the STAI-x2 and the ACS questionnaires, were randomly assigned to a control (n = 37) or attentional training group (n = 36). The attentional manipulation was followed by a search task, during which novel neutral or negative faces could be presented within an array of all-neutral, all-negative or all-positive faces. It was found that individuals with higher ACS score displayed stronger attentional training effects, i.e., they were less accurate in detecting distinctive negative faces, and this effect was not found to be associated with STAI-x2 score. These results show that there is individual variability even in immediate, cognitive effects of attentional bias modification and that special abilities, such as attentional control, might be required for attentional training to be efficient.

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22

MacLeod, Colin, Ben Grafton, and Lies Notebaert. "Anxiety-Linked Attentional Bias: Is It Reliable?" Annual Review of Clinical Psychology 15, no. 1 (May 7, 2019): 529–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-050718-095505.

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There is substantial evidence that heightened anxiety vulnerability is characterized by increased selective attention to threatening information. The reliability of this anxiety-linked attentional bias has become the focus of considerable recent interest. We distinguish between the potential inconsistency of anxiety-linked attentional bias and inconsistency potentially reflecting the psychometric properties of the assessment approaches used to measure it. Though groups with heightened anxiety vulnerability often exhibit, on average, elevated attention to threat, the evidence suggests that individuals are unlikely to each display a stable, invariant attentional bias to threat. Moreover, although existing assessment approaches can differentiate between groups, they do not exhibit the internal consistency or test-retest reliability necessary to classify individuals in terms of their characteristic pattern of attentional responding to threat. We discuss the appropriate uses of existing attentional bias assessment tasks and propose strategies for enhancing classification of individuals in terms of their tendency to display an attentional bias to threat.

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23

Basanovic, Julian, and Colin MacLeod. "Does anxiety-linked attentional bias to threatening information reflect bias in the setting of attentional goals, or bias in the execution of attentional goals?" Cognition and Emotion 31, no. 3 (January 29, 2016): 538–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02699931.2016.1138931.

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24

Luijten, Maartje, Matt Field, and Ingmar H. A. Franken. "Pharmacological interventions to modulate attentional bias in addiction." CNS Spectrums 19, no. 3 (August 1, 2013): 239–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1092852913000485.

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Attentional bias in substance-dependent patients is the tendency to automatically direct attention to substance-related cues in the environment. Preclinical models suggest that attentional bias emerges as a consequence of dopaminergic activity evoked by substance-related cues. The aim of the current review is to describe pharmacological mechanisms underlying attentional bias in humans and to critically review empirical studies that aimed to modulate attentional bias in substance-dependent patients by using pharmacological agents. The findings of the reviewed studies suggest that attentional bias and related brain activation may be modulated by dopamine. All of the reviewed studies investigated acute effects of pharmacological agents, while measurements of chronic pharmacological treatments on attentional bias and clinically relevant measures such as relapse are yet lacking. Therefore, the current findings should be interpreted as a proof of principle concerning the role of dopamine in attentional bias. At the moment, there is too little evidence for clinical applications. While the literature search was not limited to dopamine, there is a lack of studies investigating the role of non-dopaminergic neurotransmitter systems in substance-related attentional bias. A focus on neurotransmitter systems such as acetylcholine and noradrenaline could provide new insights regarding the pharmacology of substance-related attentional bias.

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25

Lopes, Fernanda Machado, Keitiline R. Viacava, and Lisiane Bizarro. "Attentional bias modification based on visual probe task: methodological issues, results and clinical relevance." Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy 37, no. 4 (December 2015): 183–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2237-6089-2015-0011.

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Introduction: Attentional bias, the tendency that a person has to drive or maintain attention to a specific class of stimuli, may play an important role in the etiology and persistence of mental disorders. Attentional bias modification has been studied as a form of additional treatment related to automatic processing. Objectives: This systematic literature review compared and discussed methods, evidence of success and potential clinical applications of studies about attentional bias modification (ABM) using a visual probe task. Methods: The Web of Knowledge, PubMed and PsycInfo were searched using the keywords attentional bias modification, attentional bias manipulation and attentional bias training. We selected empirical studies about ABM training using a visual probe task written in English and published between 2002 and 2014. Results: Fifty-seven studies met inclusion criteria. Most (78%) succeeded in training attention in the predicted direction, and in 71% results were generalized to other measures correlated with the symptoms. Conclusions: ABM has potential clinical utility, but to standardize methods and maximize applicability, future studies should include clinical samples and be based on findings of studies about its effectiveness.

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26

Becker, Jennifer M., Henning Holle, Dimitri M. L. van Ryckeghem, Stefaan Van Damme, Geert Crombez, Dieuwke S. Veldhuijzen, Andrea W. M. Evers, Ralph C. A. Rippe, and Antoinette I. M. van Laarhoven. "No preconscious attentional bias towards itch in healthy individuals." PLOS ONE 17, no. 9 (September 2, 2022): e0273581. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0273581.

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Rapidly attending towards potentially harmful stimuli to prevent possible damage to the body is a critical component of adaptive behavior. Research suggests that individuals display an attentional bias, i.e., preferential allocation of attention, for consciously perceived bodily sensations that signal potential threat, like itch or pain. Evidence is not yet clear whether an attentional bias also exists for stimuli that have been presented for such a short duration that they do not enter the stream of consciousness. This study investigated whether a preconscious attentional bias towards itch-related pictures exists in 127 healthy participants and whether this can be influenced by priming with mild itch-related stimuli compared to control stimuli. Mild itch was induced with von Frey monofilaments and scratching sounds, while control stimuli where of matched modalities but neutral. Attentional bias was measured with a subliminal pictorial dot-probe task. Moreover, we investigated how attentional inhibition of irrelevant information and the ability to switch between different tasks, i.e., cognitive flexibility, contribute to the emergence of an attentional bias. Attentional inhibition was measured with a Flanker paradigm and cognitive flexibility was measured with a cued-switching paradigm. Contrary to our expectations, results showed that participants attention was not biased towards the itch-related pictures, in facts, attention was significantly drawn towards the neutral pictures. In addition, no effect of the itch-related priming was observed. Finally, this effect was not influenced by participants’ attentional inhibition and cognitive flexibility. Therefore, we have no evidence for a preconscious attentional bias towards itch stimuli. The role of preconscious attentional bias in patients with chronic itch should be investigated in future studies.

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27

Lavy, Edith H., and Marcel A. van den Hout. "Attentional Bias for Appetitive Cues: Effects of Fasting in Normal Subjects." Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 21, no. 4 (October 1993): 297–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1352465800011632.

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A long series of earlier studies demonstrated that fearful subjects selectively allocate attention to sources of perceived threat. Such attentional bias may not be limited to negative cues. It is hypothesized that attentional bias serves to enhance early identification of action-relevant cues and that such bias also occurs when subjects are confronted with positive valenced cues that evoke an urge to act immediately. In order to determine whether or not the attentional bias effect is limited to unpleasant stimuli, we studied the effects of 24 hours of fasting, focusing our attention on a possible attentional bias for (positively evaluated) food stimuli. The experiment controlled for emotionality effects. It is shown that fasting results in a positive evaluation of food stimuli and an increased desire for these stimuli. The attentional bias effects found were slight and more likely attributable to the increased urge to act than to general emotionality effects. The power of the experimental manipulation and the computerized Stroop task are discussed.

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28

David, Oana A., and Silvia Magurean. "Positive Attention Bias Trained during the Rethink Therapeutic Online Game and Related Improvements in Children and Adolescents’ Mental Health." Children 9, no. 11 (October 22, 2022): 1600. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children9111600.

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Attentional bias towards positive stimuli is considered a resilience factor for mental health and well-being. The aim of the present study was to analyze the effects of an attentional bias training for positive faces in a preventive therapeutic game for children and adolescents. The sample of 54, which consisted of children and adolescents aged between 10–16 years, played the REThink game, which included an attentional bias training level based on the visual search paradigm, where children had the task to quickly find the happy face among other angry faces. We measured mental health, and positive and negative emotions and analyzed their associations between changes in attention bias. Attentional bias indicators demonstrated acceptable reliability and results showed that increases in attentional bias towards positive faces were associated with improvements in children and adolescents’ conduct problems, hyperactivity, and peer relationship problems. Overall, our results support the protective role of training attentional bias towards positive faces as part of a preventive therapeutic game for children and adolescents.

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29

Field, Matt, Reshmi Marhe, and Ingmar H. A. Franken. "The clinical relevance of attentional bias in substance use disorders." CNS Spectrums 19, no. 3 (May 13, 2013): 225–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1092852913000321.

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Individuals with substance use disorders typically show an “attentional bias” for substance-related cues: Those cues are able to grab and hold the attention, in preference to other cues in the environment. We discuss the theoretical context for this work before reviewing the measurement of attentional bias, and its relationship to motivational state and relapse to substance use after a period of abstinence. Finally, we discuss the implications of this research for the treatment of substance use disorders. We conclude that attentional bias is associated with subjective craving, and that moment-by-moment fluctuations in attentional bias may precede relapse to substance use. The evidence regarding the predictive relationship between attentional bias assessed in treatment contexts and subsequent relapse is inconsistent. Furthermore, there is currently insufficient evidence to endorse attentional bias modification as a treatment for substance use disorders. Clinical implications and suggestions for future research are highlighted.

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30

Ranfaing, Stephane. "Attentional Bias, Autonomic Reactivity and Depression." International Journal of Psychophysiology 168 (October 2021): S17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2021.07.050.

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31

ZHAO, Xin, Peng ZHANG, and Ling CHEN. "Attentional Bias Training towards Social Anxiety." Advances in Psychological Science 22, no. 8 (2014): 1246. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1042.2014.01246.

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32

Constans, Joseph I., Michael S. McCloskey, Jennifer J. Vasterling, Kevin Brailey, and Andrew Mathews. "Suppression of Attentional Bias in PTSD." Journal of Abnormal Psychology 113, no. 2 (May 2004): 315–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-843x.113.2.315.

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33

Müller, J., GW Alpers, and N. Reim. "231-ABNORMAL ATTENTIONAL BIAS IN ALEXITHYMIA." Journal of Psychosomatic Research 56, no. 6 (June 2004): 617. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2004.04.183.

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34

Kakoschke, Naomi, Eva Kemps, and Marika Tiggemann. "Attentional bias modification encourages healthy eating." Eating Behaviors 15, no. 1 (January 2014): 120–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eatbeh.2013.11.001.

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35

Yuan, Jing, Ningning Mao, Rongrong Chen, Qin Zhang, and Lixia Cui. "Social anxiety and attentional bias variability." NeuroReport 30, no. 13 (September 2019): 887–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/wnr.0000000000001294.

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36

Berry, Tanya R., John C. Spence, and Sean M. Stolp. "Attentional Bias for Exercise-Related Images." Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport 82, no. 2 (June 2011): 302–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2011.10599758.

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37

Reinecke, Andrea, Myra Cooper, Elisa Favaron, Rachel Massey-Chase, and Catherine Harmer. "Attentional bias in untreated panic disorder." Psychiatry Research 185, no. 3 (February 2011): 387–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2010.07.020.

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38

NAKAGAWA, Atsuko, and Masune SUKIGARA. "Attentional Bias for Threat and Temperament." Proceedings of the Annual Convention of the Japanese Psychological Association 76 (September 11, 2012): 2AMC12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4992/pacjpa.76.0_2amc12.

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39

Field, Matt, Theodora Duka, Elizabeth Tyler, and Tim Schoenmakers. "Attentional bias modification in tobacco smokers." Nicotine & Tobacco Research 11, no. 7 (May 27, 2009): 812–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntp067.

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40

Tata, Philip R., Judy A. Leibowitz, Mark J. Prunty, Mary Cameron, and Alan D. Pickering. "Attentional bias in Obsessional Compulsive Disorder." Behaviour Research and Therapy 34, no. 1 (January 1996): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0005-7967(95)00041-u.

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41

Waters, Allison M., Ottmar V. Lipp, and Susan H. Spence. "Attentional bias toward fear-related stimuli:." Journal of Experimental Child Psychology 89, no. 4 (December 2004): 320–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2004.06.003.

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42

Bryant, Richard A., and Allison G. Harvey. "Attentional bias in posttraumatic stress disorder." Journal of Traumatic Stress 10, no. 4 (October 1997): 635–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jts.2490100409.

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43

Tan, Zhang, and Choo. "Perspectives on Modifying Attentional Biases Amongst Individuals with Tobacco Use Disorder Using Technology: A Review." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 15 (July 24, 2019): 2644. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16152644.

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Smoking remains a significant health problem. Attentional biases influence smoking behaviours, but have not been the target of psychosocial interventions. The first part of this perspective article will provide an overview of the theoretical constructs underlying attentional biases, methods of measuring attentional biases, and evidence for attentional bias modification amongst individuals with tobacco use disorders. The second part of this article will outline how the advent of technological advances could be harnessed in attentional bias modification for smokers. As there is potential for attentional bias training to be delivered via mobile app, literature was reviewed over the recent decade, 2009 to 2019, to examine available research evidence. The search terms were “web-based” or “mobile based”, and “attention bias modification” or “attentional bias” and “smoking” or “tobacco use”. The PsycINFO, Scopus, and PubMed databases were initially used to identify papers with the above-mentioned inclusion criteria. Five papers were included in the review. Lastly, an integrated perspective will be provided, from both clinical and research standpoints. In conclusion, more research is needed to address the gaps in knowledge and to provide an evidence base for the implementation of mobile phone technologies for attention retraining in smokers.

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44

Van Bockstaele, Bram, Elske Salemink, Susan M. Bögels, and Reinout W. Wiers. "Limited generalisation of changes in attentional bias following attentional bias modification with the visual probe task." Cognition and Emotion 31, no. 2 (October 23, 2015): 369–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02699931.2015.1092418.

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45

Kruijt, Anne-Wil, Peter Putman, and Willem Van der Does. "The effects of a visual search attentional bias modification paradigm on attentional bias in dysphoric individuals." Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry 44, no. 2 (June 2013): 248–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbtep.2012.11.003.

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46

Bø, R., B. Kraft, R. Jonassen, C. J. Harmer, and N. I. Landrø. "The effect of attentional bias modification on attentional bias change is related to increased emotional reactivity." Neuroscience Applied 1 (2022): 100206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nsa.2022.100206.

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47

Hsu, Kean J., and Gerald C. Davison. "Compounded Deficits." Clinical Psychological Science 5, no. 2 (March 2017): 286–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2167702617692998.

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Attentional dysfunction is commonly found in depressed individuals in the form of impairment on measures of selective attention as well as attentional biases for negative information. Although a relationship between nonvalenced and valenced aspects of attention has been suggested based on theory, functional neuroanatomy, and studies in other populations, this relationship has not been explicitly explored in depressed individuals. A total of 91 individuals who were currently depressed, formerly depressed, or never depressed completed tasks assessing neuropsychological functioning and attentional bias. Depression status was associated with decreased selective attention (but not set shifting) and stronger attention biases. Selective attention was also found to mediate the relationship between group status and attentional bias, but only in currently depressed individuals. These findings suggest depression is associated with specific impairments in attention and moreover that impairments in nonvalenced aspects of attention are associated with attentional bias to valenced stimuli in currently depressed individuals.

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48

MacLeod, Colin, and Patrick J. F. Clarke. "The Attentional Bias Modification Approach to Anxiety Intervention." Clinical Psychological Science 3, no. 1 (January 2015): 58–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2167702614560749.

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Anxiety vulnerability and dysfunction are characterized by an attentional bias to threat. Cognitive training procedures designed to modify selective attentional responding to threat originally were developed to test the hypothesis that this attentional bias causally contributes to anxious disposition. The capacity of attentional bias modification (ABM) training to alleviate dysfunctional anxiety has since attracted growing interest, and the present article reviews studies that have evaluated this therapeutic potential. When intended ABM training has successfully reduced attention to threat, it also has reduced anxiety vulnerability and symptomatology with a high degree of reliability. When the delivery of intended ABM training has not resulted in such anxiety reduction, this typically has reflected the failure to successfully modify attentional selectivity as required. We discuss ways in which ABM training procedures may be refined to optimize their capacity to reduce attentional bias to threat, to improve delivery of the resulting anxiolytic benefits.

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49

Nasiry, Saeed, Mohammad Noori, and Maryam Aslzaker. "Effectiveness of Attention Control Training on Attentional Bias Towards Death, Death Anxiety, and Sensitivity to Mortality Salience." Journal of Arak University Medical Sciences 24, no. 5 (March 6, 2022): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/jams.24.5.6475.1.

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Background and Aim: Attention Control Training is a new cognitive intervention that improves emotion regulation, by reducing attentional bias towards negative information. Given the significant association between death anxiety and emotion dysregulation and death-related attentional bias, the aim of this study was to assess attention control training as an intervention for reducing death anxiety. Materials and Methods: In this clinical trial, 50 university students in the city of Tehran were sampled using the convenience method and were randomly assigned to 2 experimental groups and 1 control group. Attention control training was delivered using death-related stimuli for the 1st experimental group, and negative stimuli unrelated to death for the 2nd experimental group. The control group didn't receive any interventions. In 3 measurements of pre-test, post-test and 3 months follow-up, death-related attentional bias, death anxiety, and sensitivity to mortality salience were assessed respectively using Modified Stroop Test, Multidimensional Fear of Death Scale (MFODS) and Propensity to Moral Disengagement Scale (PMDS) after inducing Mortality Salience condition. Ethical Considerations: This study was registered at the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials with the code IRCT20190406043181N1, and was approved by the research ethics committee of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, with the code IR.SBMU.MSP.REC.1398.539. Findings: The results of the study showed that after completing attention control training, the 1st experimental group’s death-related attentional bias, death anxiety and sensitivity to mortality salience was significantly reduced (p < 0.05), and this reduction was maintained at 3 months follow-up. No significant changes were observed in the other two groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that attention control training is capable of significantly reducing death-related attentional bias, and this reduction in attentional bias leads to decreased death anxiety and sensitivity to morality salience.

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Blaes, Sebastian, and Thomas Burwick. "Attentional Bias Through Oscillatory Coherence Between Excitatory Activity and Inhibitory Minima." Neural Computation 27, no. 7 (July 2015): 1405–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/neco_a_00742.

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An implementation of attentional bias is presented for a network model that couples excitatory and inhibitory oscillatory units in a manner that is inspired by the mechanisms that generate cortical gamma oscillations. Attentional biases are implemented as oscillatory coherences between excitatory units that encode the spatial location or features of the target and the pool of inhibitory units. This form of attentional bias is motivated by neurophysiological findings that relate selective attention to spike field coherence. Including also pattern recognition mechanisms, we demonstrate how this implementation of attentional bias leads to selection of an attentional target while suppressing distracters for cases of spatial and feature-based attention. With respect to neurophysiological observations, we argue that the recently found positive correlation between high firing rates and strong gamma locking with attention (Vinck, Womelsdorf, Buffalo, Desimone, & Fries, 2013 ) may point to an essential mechanism of the brain’s attentional selection and suppression processes.

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