Academic literature on the topic 'Attention Restorative Theory'
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Journal articles on the topic "Attention Restorative Theory"
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Berman, Marc G., John Jonides, and Stephen Kaplan. "The Cognitive Benefits of Interacting With Nature." Psychological Science 19, no. 12 (December 2008): 1207–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.2008.02225.x.
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We compare the restorative effects on cognitive functioning of interactions with natural versus urban environments. Attention restoration theory (ART) provides an analysis of the kinds of environments that lead to improvements in directed-attention abilities. Nature, which is filled with intriguing stimuli, modestly grabs attention in a bottom-up fashion, allowing top-down directed-attention abilities a chance to replenish. Unlike natural environments, urban environments are filled with stimulation that captures attention dramatically and additionally requires directed attention (e.g., to avoid being hit by a car), making them less restorative. We present two experiments that show that walking in nature or viewing pictures of nature can improve directed-attention abilities as measured with a backwards digit-span task and the Attention Network Task, thus validating attention restoration theory.
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Basu, Avik, Jason Duvall, and Rachel Kaplan. "Attention Restoration Theory: Exploring the Role of Soft Fascination and Mental Bandwidth." Environment and Behavior 51, no. 9-10 (May 16, 2018): 1055–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0013916518774400.
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Soft fascination is a key but underexamined element of Attention Restoration Theory (ART). According to ART, attending to softly fascinating stimuli not only requires little effort but also leaves mental space for reflection. We propose that soft fascination can be characterized as the interaction of both attentional effort and mental bandwidth and hypothesize that the restorative potential of everyday activities can be categorized based on this interaction. In an online survey, 398 adults rated four activities on Mental Bandwidth (MB), Perceived Restorativeness (PR), and preference. Supporting the hypothesis, the results showed that walking in nature was perceived as softly fascinating, whereas watching television was a source of hard fascination. Furthermore, PR, but not MB, was highly correlated with preference. Findings are discussed in the context of developing a measure to help people better anticipate activities that may or may not be restorative.
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Kirshbaum, Marilyn N. Y., Brigid Purcell, Joanne Graham, Stephen Phillips, Jackie Malone, and Vicky Kaye. "Exploring attention restorative theory and its use in fatigue management." BMJ Supportive & Palliative Care 2, Suppl 1 (March 2012): A51.3—A52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjspcare-2012-000196.148.
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Moran, Dominique. "Back to nature? Attention restoration theory and the restorative effects of nature contact in prison." Health & Place 57 (May 2019): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2019.03.005.
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Jones, David R. "Restorative, heterotopic spacing for campus sustainability." Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 35, no. 4 (December 5, 2016): 752–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0263775816680820.
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This article proposes an alternative spatial form for a university campus, which embeds itself within the region, in which it is located. The proposed campus spacing is inspired by recent research from the environmental psychology discipline, around Attention Restorative Theory, along with its central four principles. Furthermore, the article explores how a critical interpretation of Foucault’s six heterotopic principles, following Harvey, maps onto Attention Restorative Theory principles and reflexively unmasks the dialectic tensions of what is termed ‘restorative, heterotopic spacing’. Focusing on the potential implications to campus sustainability, a specific campus initiative called the Oberlin Project will be critically explored, in relation to the potential enactment of Attention Restorative Theory, from an academic and local community perspective. It reflects on the significance of an artistic, regional set of trans-disciplinary integrated initiatives for such restorative spacing, within the expanded urban and regional notion of Oberlin campus. However, it concludes by expressing a concern over the extent to which the generative embrace of diverse Oberlin actors, both on and off campus, is being fulfilled.
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Schutte, Anne R., Julia C. Torquati, and Heidi L. Beattie. "Impact of Urban Nature on Executive Functioning in Early and Middle Childhood." Environment and Behavior 49, no. 1 (July 28, 2016): 3–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0013916515603095.
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According to attention restoration theory, directed attention can become fatigued and then be restored by spending time in a restorative environment. This study examined the restorative effects of nature on children’s executive functioning. Seven- to 8-year-olds (school aged, n = 34) and 4- to 5-year-olds (preschool, n = 33) participated in two sessions in which they completed an activity to fatigue attention, then walked along urban streets (urban walk) in one session and in a park-like area (nature walk) in another session, and finally completed assessments of working memory, inhibitory control, and attention. Children responded faster on the attention task after a nature walk than an urban walk. School-aged children performed significantly better on the attention task than preschoolers following the nature walk, but not urban walk. Walk type did not affect inhibitory control or verbal working memory. However, preschoolers’ spatial working memory remained more stable following the nature walk than the urban walk.
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Ruoxi, Meng. "A Review of the Restorative Environment Research in the Mainland of China." Asian Journal of Behavioural Studies 2, no. 8 (October 23, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/ajbes.v2i8.50.
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More and more Chinese experts focus on the research field of the restorative environment and public health. We reorganized the theories of restorative environment and proposed a theory framework which consists of Attention Restorative Theory(ART) and psycho-evolutionary theory and other three auxiliary hypothesis included Biophilia Theory, Prospect-Refuge Theory and Stress: The "fight or flight" response We classified the experiments methods into three types; the psychological, subjective evaluation, physiological objective indicators, and behavior improvements .We could figure out some shared questions at the current research in mainland China, such as limited research methods, limited senses used in the current research.
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TAKAYAMA, Norimasa, and Takahide KAGAWA. "Study on a Function of the Forest Environment as the Restorative Environment Using the Attention Restoration Theory." Journal of The Japanese Institute of Landscape Architecture 76, no. 5 (2013): 539–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5632/jila.76.539.
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Kristjánsdóttir, Harpa Lind, Sigrún Sigurðardóttir, and Anna María Pálsdóttir. "The Restorative Potential of Icelandic Nature." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 23 (December 5, 2020): 9095. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17239095.
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This study aimed to investigate if proposed restorative attributes according to attention restoration theory and supportive environment theory could be experienced and identified in Icelandic landscape and contribute to a restorative experience in nature sites in rural Iceland. A prospective mixed-method study was conducted over the period of one year. Seven different nature sites that were considered likely to have restorative qualities were selected for the evaluation i.e., three forest sites, three seashores, and one park in and in the vicinity of Ísafjörður, Iceland. Each site was evaluated regarding how the participants experienced its restorative qualities and how a stay therein affected their mental state. Nature visits were offered once a week, where the participants visited one of the seven locations for two hours. The findings show that the participants perceived and experienced nature sites as having the characteristics of a restorative environment and that staying at the nature sites positively affected their mental state. External conditions, like weather, which can affect nature visits, were rarely a hinderance. Thus, it can be concluded that numerous coastal areas, forests, and parks in Iceland, especially in rural areas, might possess restorative qualities as well. This result shows that wild and open nature in North West Iceland has the characteristics of a restorative environment and can be utilized for health promotion.
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Kang, Youngeun, and Eujin Julia Kim. "Differences of Restorative Effects While Viewing Urban Landscapes and Green Landscapes." Sustainability 11, no. 7 (April 10, 2019): 2129. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11072129.
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Attention Restoration Theory argues that natural objects such as trees and flowers have psychological restoration effects. However, relevant studies have been mostly based on survey methods, and few of them suggest guidelines for restoration environments. This study, therefore, aims to verify the restorative effect of natural objects using eye-tracking methods and a survey regarding visual aesthetics, complexity, and the Perceived Restorativeness Scale, as well 25 various images divided into 4 types: natural scene and close view, natural scene and distant view, built scene and close view, and built scene and distant view. The analysis showed that natural scenes had a stronger positive restorative effect compared to built scenes regardless of differences in the distance. In terms of the overall landscape composition, visual characteristics such as visual aesthetics and complexity had a statistically significant relationship with restorative effect. Additionally, an eye-tracking method was found to be a valid and useful tool for studying the restorative environments by significant differences in the scan path length depending on the four types of landscape images. This study ultimately provides an overview regarding restorative design guidelines not only by using natural elements but also by considering landscape composition in terms of complexity, openness, and so on.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Attention Restorative Theory"
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Giouvanaki, Asimina. "Nature’s Impact on Mental and Physical Wellbeing : A study of the mental and physical health in Greek Immigrants to Sweden." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för humaniora, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-36458.
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In the past Man coinhabited harmoniously with nature only to have the balance disturbed with the advent of the Industrial Revolution replacing the green habitat with urban concrete settlements Consequently, the characteristics of the contemporary city pose a set of serious threat to man’s physical and mental health. Crowdedness, lack of apt infrastructure, pollution, noise pollution and rise in temperature are all contributing factors to the Man’s demised health and detachment from previous amicable coexistence with nature. For the past 30 years, extensive research has been conducted studying the correlation between man and nature, and nature’s impact on man’s health. The theory of “Biophilia,” by Edward, O. Wilson, Rachel and Stephen Kaplan’s “Attention Restorative Theory,” and Roger Ulrich’s “Stress Reduction Theory,” have been innovating and contributing towards gaining more understanding of the importance of a green environment in man’s everyday life. As a corollary the above-mentioned theories gave rise to the following quantitative study conducted over a 4-month period, including 81 respondents, in Spring 2020, focusing on whether a natural green environment in Sweden had impacted the mental and physical health in Greek immigrants to Sweden. The findings suggest that comparing the respondents’ life in Greece and respectively in Sweden there was indeed an improvement in the mood and health of the sample groups taking into consideration: how healthy they are, how healthy they feel, how happy they feel in relation to work, time spent in Sweden, marital status and of course the parameters that focus on the part of the natural environment at home and in their neighbourhood in Sweden. There seem to have been a statistically significant improvement in their health compared to when they lived in Greece but there is insufficient evidence to support that some of the parameters examined are responsible for this. Happiness on the other hand seem to possess a statistical important role due to their marital status among others along with the green surrounding environment having an impact on their mental well-being but not their physical health. Therefore, a more sustainable green environment seems to have impacted the overall psychological and physical state of the respondents, but further extensive research is recommended to investigate in depths others factors i.e., psychosomatics, environmental psychology along with nature related theories and studies.
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Burch, Judith Gulliver. "Dementia garden design: a framework to facilitate Kaplans’ attention restoration theory (A.R.T.) in environments of care." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/13665.
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Master of Landscape ArchitectureDepartment of Landscape Architecture/Regional and Community Planning
Timothy D. Keane
This thesis documents an exploratory design process that examines the efficacy of a framework for designing dementia gardens based on: theory, Stephen and Rachel Kaplan’s Attention Restoration Theory (A.R.T.), (Kaplan and Kaplan, 1989) and Roger Ulrich’s Theory of Supportive Gardens (Ulrich, 1999); John Zeisel’s (2007) process for designing dementia gardens; and design details, Claire Cooper Marcus’ Garden Audit Tool (2007) and Moore’s analysis of exemplary dementia gardens (2007). It documents the integration of theory that is not specific to dementia gardens (Kaplans’ A.R.T. and Ulrich’s Theory of Supportive Gardens) with process (Zeisel) and programming elements that are specific to dementia gardens (Cooper Marcus’ Garden Audit Tool Kit and Moore’s exemplary dementia gardens). The framework was developed during an illustrative courtyard design project for a retirement center whose clientele included patients with varying need levels. Throughout the illustrative design project, knowledge of the four A.R.T. characteristics (Being Away, Fascination; Compatibility and Extent) guided design decision-making in an effort to create an engaging environment, where improved health outcomes and restorative person-environment interactions could occur.
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Cieszykowski, Jeannette Marie. "Restoring the night." Kansas State University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/17598.
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Master of Landscape ArchitectureDepartment of Landscape Architecture/Regional and Community Planning
Mary Catherine (Katie) Kingery-Page
Restorative landscapes, healing gardens, and therapeutic gardens can improve mental and physical health. They relieve stress, slow us down and make us appreciate the present moment (Kaplan 1995). Research confirms these benefits: “A restorative environment provides measurable physical and/or psychological benefit to human health” (Krinke 2005, 107). Unfortunately, few restorative landscapes are designed for night time use, though stress and the need for healing occur at all hours of the day and night. To that end, the purpose of this research is to create a set of lighting design strategies that will enable designers to create restorative landscapes for nighttime use and demonstrate how they can be applied. A literature review synthesizing the information on healing garden types, outdoor lighting techniques, and their relationship to Attention Restoration Theory, identified four main components required for a space to be considered restorative. Two precedent studies allowed the author to explore the components of Attention Restoration Theory and healing garden types. The lighting principles that afford these four components and healing garden types that are best suited for an urban public space were layered in a final design to create a restorative urban space that is functional at night. The set of design strategies created with the support of this research was applied to Occidental Square, a public park in Seattle, Washington. The applied design strategies are represented and demonstrated through the site design. With these tools in hand, designers can create spaces for those in need of rejuvenation, restoration, and tranquility not only during the day, but also at night.
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Lilja, Jessica. "Urbana grönområden i Helsingborg : En kvalitativ studie om urbana grönområdens betydelse för invånare i Helsingborg under covid-19-pandemin." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Institutionen för Urbana Studier (US), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-42411.
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Flertalet studier har visat att grönområden främjar människors fysiska och psykiska hälsa. I takt med en ökad urbanisering och stadsutbyggnad ersätts naturliga miljöer med bebyggelse vilket påverkar befolkningen i urbana miljöer negativt, eftersom urbana grönområden genererar viktiga ekosystemtjänster. En urban livsstil kan dessutom medföra hälsorisker som psykisk ohälsa, hjärt-kärlsjukdomar och fysisk inaktivitet. Syftet med uppsatsen var att genom en kvalitativ ansats undersöka vilken betydelse urbana grönområden har haft för enskilda invånare i Helsingborg under covid-19-pandemin. Tio kvalitativa e-postintervjuer genomfördes och empirin analyserades med en induktiv ansats. Uppsatsens teoretiska ramverk bestod av Attention restoration theory samt Stress recovery theory och den insamlade empirin gav upphov till följande teman: lugn och ro, hämta energi, samt miljöombyte. Resultatet visar att urbana grönområden har betydelse för informanternas hälsa, eftersom urbana grönområden bidrar till återhämtning och stressminskning, vilket är betydande faktorer för en god fysisk och psykisk hälsa. Utifrån studiens resultat kan slutsatsen dras att genom att bevara urbana grönområden kanmänniskors livskvalitet öka eftersom urbana grönområden bidrar till bättre fysisk och psykisk hälsa i samhället.Former studies have shown that urban green spaces improve physical and mental health.Urbanisation and urban development result in green environments being replaced by buildings. This has a negative effect on urban residents as urban green spaces provide important ecosystem services. An urban lifestyle can involve health risks such as mental illness, cardiovascular disease, and physical inactivity. This study aimed to investigate through a qualitative approach, the importance of urban green spaces for individual residents of Helsingborg during the covid-19 pandemic. Ten qualitative e-mail interviews were conducted, and the empirical findings were analyzed with an inductive approach. The collected empirics resulted in the following themes: peace and quiet, gain energy, and change of scenery. The results were analyzed through the theoretical framework Attention restoration theory and Stress recovery theory. The results showed that urban green spacesare essential for the informant’s health, as they contribute to recovery and stress reduction, which are significant factors for good physical and mental health. The main conclusion of this study shows that by preserving urban green spaces, people’s quality of life can increase as urban green spaces contribute to better physical and mental health in society.
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Kleverman, Johanna, and Jenny Sjölin. "Grönskans betydelse i den täta staden." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-22266.
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I samband med förtätning av städer minskar andelen grönska per invånare, vilket ställer krav på att städer planerar för miljöer med grönska som främjar mental återhämtning och andra ekosystemtjänster. Med underlag av att Malmö stad är en av de städer i Sverige som har minst grönska per invånare, och att torg är potentiella offentliga rum för att öka grönska, innehåller följande studie en analys av Nobeltorget och Masttorget med inriktning på grönska och mental återhämtning. Syftet med studien har varit att analysera hur två torg som nyligen byggts eller byggts om är utformade utifrån målet att uppnå ökad grönska i staden.Studien består av två separata undersökningar, där resultatet har använts för analys av de mål som formulerats i Malmö stads Grönplan och Översiktsplan. Planeringsinstrumentet grönytefaktorn har använts som verktyg för att skapa kvalitativa värden genom att kvantitativt beräkna andelen grönska på torgen. En enkätstudie har utformats med Perceived Restoration Scale, för att undersöka upplevelsen av Nobeltorget och Masttorget genom en värdering utifrån fotografier av torgen. Resultatet av fältstudien visar att andelen grönska skiljer sig betydligt mellan torgen, där Nobeltorget har mer grönska i förhållande till den totala ytan, jämfört med Masttorget. Resultatet av enkätstudien visade på mindre skillnader i upplevelsen av torgen, där Nobeltorget värderas något högre enligt kategorierna fascination, att vara borta, sannolikhet för återhämtning och preferens.In conjunction with urban densification, the proportion of greenery per inhabitant decreases, requiring cities to plan for environments with greenery promoting mental recovery and other ecosystem services. Based on the fact that Malmö is one of the cities in Sweden with the least greenery per inhabitant, and that squares are potential public spaces to increase greenery, the following study contains an analysis of Nobeltorget and Masttorget with focus on greenery and mental recovery. The purpose of the study has been to analyze how two squares, recently built or rebuilt, are designed based on the goal of achieving increased greenness in the city.The study consists of two separate studies, where the results have been used for analyzing the goals formulated in the Malmö City Green Plan (Grönplan) and General Plan (Översiktsplan). The planning tool Biotope Area Factor has been used as a tool for creating qualitative values by quantitatively calculating the proportion of greenery on the squares. A survey has been designed with Perceived Restoration Scale, to investigate the experience of Nobeltorget and Masttorget by valuation based on photographs of the squares. The result of the field study shows that the proportion of greenery differs significantly between the squares, where Nobeltorget has more greenery in relation to the total area, compared to Masttorget. The results of the survey showed minor differences in the experience of the squares, where Nobeltorget was evaluated slightly higher according to fascination, being away, restoration likelihood and preference.
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Ahmad, Doaa. "Grönstrukturens funktion och betydelse för studenternas återhämtning (under covid-19 restriktioner)." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-18791.
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Tidigare forskning har visat att exponering för grön miljö tillhandahåller hälsofördelar. Dessa fördelar indikerar bland annat återhämtningseffekt av stress, trötthet och uppmärksamhetsutmattning, vilket är särskilt viktigt för universitetsstudenter. Därför syftade denna studie att undersöka om det finns en koppling mellan universitetsstudenters kontakt med grönstruktur i/nära studiemiljö och studenternas upplevelse av sin studiemiljö under covid-19 restriktionerna. Detta med hjälp av en dagbokundersökning som förstudie och telefonintervjuer. Analysverktyget bestod av teoretiska ramverk, Attention Restoration Theory (ART) och Stress Reduktion Theory (SRT). Resultat och analys har bekräftat Attention Restoration Theory (ART), där det uppges att gröna naturliga miljöer ger återhämtningseffekt och väcker uppmärksamhet efter en mental trötthet. Därtill bekräftade den även Stress Recovery Theory (SRT), där det uppges att gröna naturliga miljöer ger positiva effekt på stressminskning, -bearbetning och -återhämtning. Slutsatsen till denna undersökning är att grönstruktur har en stor betydelse för universitetsstudenterna, detta då alla väljer att vistas eller komma i kontakt med gröna naturen på ett eller annat sätt, till exempel gå en promenad i naturen eller åka till en stuga i skogen. Att naturen är en del av studenternas vardag verkar vara framför allt en omedveten upplevelse för de flesta och sker utan erkännande eller bearbetning av miljön. Dock framkommer det att processen kan vara medveten för vissa studenter.Previous research has shown that exposure to the green environment provides health benefits. These benefits indicate among other things, recovery effect of stress, fatigue and attention-exhaustion, which is especially important for university students. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate whether there is a connection between university students' contact with the green structure in / near the study-environment and the students' experience of their study environment during the covid-19 restrictions. This with the help of a diary-survey as a pilot-study and telephone interviews. The analysis tool consisted of theoretical frameworks, Attention Restoration Theory (ART) and Stress Reduction Theory (SRT). Results and analysis have confirmed Attention Restoration Theory (ART), where it states that green natural environments have a recovery effect and attracts attention after a mental fatigue. In addition, it also confirmed the Stress Recovery Theory (SRT), which states that green natural environments have a positive effect on stress reduction, processing and recovery. The conclusion of this study is that green structure is of great importance to university students, as everyone chooses to reside or get in touch with green nature in one way or another, for example going for a walk in a green environment or staying in a cottage in the forest. That nature is a part of the students' everyday life seems to be above all an unconscious experience for most and takes place without recognition or processing of the environment. However, it appears that the process may be conscious for some students.
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van, der Maarel Martin, and Mikael Byqvist. "Hur parkmiljöer kan påverka vardagsrörelse: en studie utifrån aktiva unga vuxnas uppfattningar." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Idrotts- och hälsovetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-25614.
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Minskad rörelse i vardagen är ett problem som idag blir allt större i världen. Trots att människor idag blir allt mer regelbundet fysiskt aktiva och utför mer planerad träning mer, minskar den rörelse i vardagen som krävs för att upprätthålla en god hälsa och minska risken för att dö i förtid. Någonting som visat sig kunna öka vardagsrörelse är närvaron av parkmiljöer. Forskning har visat på att där färre parker fanns, rörde människor på sig mindre. Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka relationen mellan vardagsrörelse och parkmiljöer utifrån fysiskt aktiva unga vuxnas uppfattning. Metoden som användes var intervjuer av unga vuxna (18 - 30 års ålder). Varför detta urval användes var för att denna åldersgrupp tidigare ansetts ha god hälsa under denna levnadsperiod, men nya rön visar på att människor i dessa åldrar blir allt mer inaktiva i vardagen. Fysiskt aktiva människor valdes var för att se hur deras uppfattningar om rörelse utöver deras normala träning betyder för just dem. Sex stycken aktiva unga vuxna individer rekryterades till studien och intervjuades. Resultatet visade på att unga vuxna förstår innebörden av vilka positiva effekter rörelse ger, men var samtidigt negativt inställda till att besöka parkmiljöer. Den enstaka rörelsen i parker som studiedeltagarna angav var i form av promenader och löpturer. Deltagarna menade på att fler olika typer av verksamheter och gratisaktiviteter (kiosker, utomhusgym, etc.) bör finnas tillgängliga, för att öka besöksnivån i parkmiljöer under längre tid, samt bedriva mer vardagsrörelse där.Reduced movement in everyday life is a problem that is becoming increasingly common in the world today. Although people today are becoming more and more regularly physically active and conduct more planned exercise, the everyday movement that is needed to maintain a good health and reduce the risk of dying prematurely, is decreasing. Something that has been shown to increase everyday activity is the presence of park environments. Research has shown that where fewer parks existed, people were more sedentary and less active. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between everyday movement and park environments based on the view of physically active young adults. The method used in this study consisted of interviewing young adults (18-30 years of age). Why this selection was used was because this group of age were previously considered to have good health during their period of life, but new evidence shows that people of these ages are becoming increasingly inactive in their daily lives. Physically active people were chosen to see how their perceptions of movement in addition to their normal training meant to them. Six active young adults were recruited to the study and interviewed. The results showed that young adults understand the meaning of the positive effects of movement, but at the same time they were negatively motivated to visit park environments. The single movement in parks indicated by the participants was in the form of walks and jogging. Participants suggested that more types of activities (kiosks, outdoor gyms, etc.) should be available to increase the visitor level in park environments for a longer period of time, as well as conduct more daily living there.
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Leibe, Mary. "Creating Healthy Urban Environments: Commercial Landscaping, Preference and Public Health." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2016. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/2262.
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Landscape development[1] can provide many benefits, including the reduction of stormwater runoff and the creation of habitats for wildlife. It can also provide health benefits. Researchers, such as Roger Ulrich and Rita Berto have demonstrated that views of trees and other vegetation are associated with lower blood pressure and reduced recovery times in hospitals and that environments with more natural elements may lessen mental fatigue (R. Ulrich 1984) and (Berto 2005).
As rebuilding in New Orleans continues 11 years after Hurricane Katrina, landscape development has been limited or lacking, especially in the redevelopment of commercial properties. Two prominent reasons for this deficiency are a lack of funding and, until August of 2015, the absence of a comprehensive landscape ordinance.
The purpose of the research presented here is to determine the degree to which community residents express a preference for healthier commercial environments. As part of my research, I measured community perceptions of four potential redevelopment concepts for a blighted strip shopping center utilizing attention restoration theory (ART), which postulates that certain environmental qualities contribute to reductions in mental fatigue. I found that commercial environments with the most quality landscaping[2] are those that neighborhood residents most prefer and are most conducive to better health.
Keywords: mental fatigue, attention restoration theory, perceived restoration scale, commercial landscape quantity, public health, healthy urban environment
[1] Refer to operational definitions (pages 4-6).
[2] Refer to operational definitions (pages 4-6).
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Montanye, Erica. "Urban dwellers experiences regarding loss of natural environments due to rapid urbanization." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4313.
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Little is known about how residents of rapidly growing cities are impacted by the loss of natural environments. Large cities are expanding at an exponential rate, reducing the presence of, and access to, natural environments for urban dwellers. Many benefits to human health regarding the presence of natural environments near where people live and work are known, but impacts of the loss of natural environments for urban dwellers are unknown. The purpose of this qualitative investigation was to understand residents' experiences regarding the loss of natural environments and related impacts. Attention restoration theory and place attachment were the theoretical lenses used to examine this problem. Data were collected via in-depth interviews from a purposive sample of 20 San Antonio residents. Using interpretative phenomenological analysis procedures, 7 themes emerged: (a) environment (b) health (c) safety (d) finance (e) community and culture (e) factors related to deprivation of nature, and (f) recommendations for improvements. Residents expressed concerns for their health, mental health, the environment, wildlife, byproducts of urbanization, social well-being, personal safety, and finances. Other possible key factors related to the process of deprivation of nature included experiencing a loss of freedom, associated with emotional impacts similar to sadness. Residents of San Antonio, city planners, and policy makers could benefit from understanding these impacts on residents. Data from this study may contribute to possible implications for social change and new knowledge and insights in the areas of health, mental health, social responsibility, urban planning, land conservation, and environmental psychology.
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Hansson, Sanna, and Sonja Lundeberg. "Skolgårdens plats i den föränderliga staden." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Institutionen för Urbana Studier (US), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-45248.
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I stadens förändringsprocess, ständigt präglad av nya ideal, ska många intressen förenas och beaktas vid utformningen av skolgårdar. Med utgångspunkt i naturens betydelse för barns hälsa och utveckling undersöker denna studie två skolgårdar i Malmö utifrån tre perspektiv: skolgårdarnas utformning, högstadieelevers användning av och preferenser på skolgården samt planerarens prioriteringar och tillvägagångssätt vid utformningen av skolgårdsmiljöer. Syftet är, genom förståelse för hur dessa tre perspektiv kan förenas, öka kunskapen kring hur skolgårdarna kan planeras mer socialt och ekologiskt hållbart i den föränderliga staden. Detta undersöks med en mixad metod genom platsobservationer, enkätundersökningar och intervjuer. Empirin påvisar en relativt passiv inställning till skolgården bland eleverna, oberoende av skolgårdens storlek och mängd grönska samt att de överlag prioriterar social interaktion och mobilanvändande på rasterna. Tolkningen av det empiriska materialet utifrån teorin tyder på att det är grönskans kvalitet som påverkar elevernas intresse för att ta del av miljön. Genom intervjuerna framkom det att utformningen av ett grönt ramverk som erbjuder olika rumsligheter kan bidra till en mer jämlik, inkluderande och hållbar skolgårdsmiljö. Den ideala skolgårdsmiljön, som kan anses vara en där naturen företräds, speglar dock inte nödvändigtvis elevernas uppfattning av den ideala skolgården. Elevernas preferenser kan däremot få ta plats inom det hållbara ramverket, genom aktiv gestaltning.Within the city's transformative process, constantly tinged by new ideals, different interests must be united and considered in the planning and design of school grounds. Based on the importance of nature for children's health and development, this study examines two school grounds in Malmö from three perspectives: the school grounds design and shape, the use and preferences of the students on the school grounds, and the planner´s priorities and proceedings in planning school ground environments. The purpose is, through an understanding of how these three perspectives can unite, to increase knowledge on how school grounds can be planned more socially and ecologically sustainable in the transformative city. This is investigated with a mixed method through site observations, surveys and interviews. The empirical evidence shows a relatively passive relation to the school ground among the students, regardless of the school grounds size and amount of greenery, and generally they prioritize social interaction and mobile phone use during breaks. The interpretation of the empirical material, based on the theory, indicates that it is the quality of the greenery that affects the student’s interest in using the environment. Through the interviews, it emerged that the design of a green framework that offers different spatialities can contribute to a more equal, inclusive and sustainable school ground. The ideal environment of the school ground, which can be considered one that is characterized by natural environments, does not necessarily reflect the student's ideal of it. The students' preferences can however be accommodated within the sustainable framework through continuous design.
Books on the topic "Attention Restorative Theory"
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Davidson, Jenny. Restoration Theatre and the Novel. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199580033.003.0026.
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This chapter explores the broad cultural transition from drama to novel during the Restoration period, which triggered one of the most productive periods in the history of the London stage. However, when it comes to the eighteenth century proper, the novel is more likely to be identified as the century's most significant and appealing popular genre. The chapter considers why the novel has largely superseded drama as the literary form to which ambitious and imaginative literary types without a strong affinity for verse writing would by default have turned their attention and energies by the middle of the eighteenth century. Something important may have been lost in the broad cultural transition from drama to novel. This chapter, however, contends that many things were preserved: that the novel was able to absorb many of the functions and techniques not just of Restoration comedy but of the theatre more generally.
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Cuevas-Trisan, Ramon, ed. Painful Conditions of the Upper Limb. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190066376.001.0001.
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This volume is part of the “What Do I Do Now” Pain Management series, presenting clinical scenarios related to painful syndromes affecting the upper limb. The emphasis is on common presenting symptoms and associated conditions but the chapters expand to more complex syndromes requiring extensive diagnostic evaluation, more comprehensive approaches, and complex management strategies. Upper limb pain can be complex to evaluate and manage given the multiple potential etiologies, complex anatomical structures, and pain referral patterns. The multitude of cumulative trauma disorders and their resulting functional and vocational effects are discussed with special attention to rehabilitative management and functional restoration. The interplay of neuromusculoskeletal structures and functions in the upper limb are front and center pieces of the cases. Emphasis on proper diagnosis and management options for these syndromes using specific restorative approaches has never been greater in light of the current nationwide opioid epidemic. This volume focuses on non-opioid and mostly non-pharmacological management methods for painful syndromes affecting the shoulder girdle, arm, and hand. The discussions will be highly relevant and useful for providers in primary care settings as well as specialty care providers.
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Hobbs, Richard J. Novel ecosystems. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198808978.003.0007.
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This chapter relates the story of the development of recent ideas relating to ecosystems that are greatly modified by environmental and biological changes. Originally such ecosystems were given attention simply because they were an understudied set of systems that could teach us about how ecological communities assemble and reassemble. However, as the widespread prevalence of such “novel ecosystems” became obvious, some data suggested they could deliver important ecosystem functions. This led to a debate regarding the values, management, and restoration of altered ecosystems. The original papers had a hard time in the review process, and debate has, at times, been rancorous. However, many practitioners and ecologists now find the concept of novel ecosystems useful, and the possibility of their conservation value worth investigating.
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Mkenda, Festo. Jesuits and Africa. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199935420.013.56.
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Jesuits have commanded scholarly attention in recent years, with Jesuit studies almost becoming an independent academic discipline. However, their involvement in Africa remains largely unstudied, even though they were in parts of the continent for close to two centuries. Moreover, after their restoration in 1814, the Jesuits played a significant role in the evangelization of Africa. This essay is an overview of Jesuit presence in Africa over the centuries. While it gives more prominence to the historical missions of the pre-suppression period in Congo, Angola, Mozambique, and Ethiopia, it also covers more recent presence in Madagascar, southern Africa and Egypt, and concludes with a brief analysis of the state of the Society of Jesus in Africa today. The essay underscores the challenge of locating Jesuit records related to Africa and the importance of understanding early missionary efforts on the African continent for the benefit of similar efforts in our time.
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Esler, Karen J., Anna L. Jacobsen, and R. Brandon Pratt. The Biology of Mediterranean-Type Ecosystems. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198739135.001.0001.
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The world’s mediterranean-type climate regions (including areas within the Mediterranean, South Africa, Australia, California, and Chile) have long been of interest to biologists by virtue of their extraordinary biodiversity and the appearance of evolutionary convergence between these disparate regions. Comparisons between mediterranean-type climate regions have provided important insights into questions at the cutting edge of ecological, ecophysiological and evolutionary research. These regions, dominated by evergreen shrubland communities, contain many rare and endemic species. Their mild climate makes them appealing places to live and visit and this has resulted in numerous threats to the species and communities that occupy them. Threats include a wide range of factors such as habitat loss due to development and agriculture, disturbance, invasive species, and climate change. As a result, they continue to attract far more attention than their limited geographic area might suggest. This book provides a concise but comprehensive introduction to mediterranean-type ecosystems. As with other books in the Biology of Habitats Series, the emphasis in this book is on the organisms that dominate these regions although their management, conservation, and restoration are also considered.
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Kuenzler, Adrian. Making Behavioralism Work. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190698577.003.0004.
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This chapter turns to the restoration of consumer sovereignty. It revisits the three recurrent principles set out in Chapter 1 and argues that antitrust and intellectual property laws must understand consumers in their full socially embedded complexity to promote progress. Only in this way can analysts respect, rather than suppress, consumer preferences that evince concern for less proprietary forms of production and distribution in a marketplace which is heavily fixated on consumerism and passive consumption. It points to a number of ingenious recent studies from the cognitive psychological research that demonstrate that revealed preferences and external incentives have been offered as bright line rules for directing the consumer’s attention primarily (and exclusively) to conventional manufacturing and distribution techniques, but that such physical and economic processes scarcely exhaust the universe of choices about which consumers express strong interest.
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Turner, James Grantham. Cross-Sections (3). Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199580033.003.0005.
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This chapter considers the period after the Plague as well as the Fire of London. During this time, the euphoria of Charles II's Restoration faltered and the defeated ‘Puritan’ voice re-emerged, which proved momentous for the history of the novel, even though no major English novels appeared. The chapter reveals fascinating experiments with the romance genre, prefaces that promote the self-conscious author and conduct lively theoretical debates over the nature of fiction, translations of canonical works, and a general move towards realism, loosely defined. ‘Novelistic’ features developed in many genres. Meanwhile, other members of the Royal Society developed habits of observing and recording minutiae in their own experience. This close attention to details conventionally considered trivial — common to the scientific revolution and to the self-scrutiny demanded by radical Protestantism — played a significant role in the evolution of novelistic realism.
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Merkel, Wolfgang, Raj Kollmorgen, and Hans-Jürgen Wagener, eds. The Handbook of Political, Social, and Economic Transformation. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198829911.001.0001.
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Political, social, and economic transformation is a complex historical phenomenon. It can be adequately analysed only by a multidisciplinary approach. This Handbook brings together an international team of scholars who are specialists in their respective research fields. They introduce the most important areas, theories, and methods in transformation research. Most attention is placed on the historical and comparative dimension. Although focusing on postcommunist and other democratic transformations in our epoch, the Handbook therefore presents and discusses not only their problems, paths, and developments, it also deals with the antecedent ‘waves’, beginning with the Meiji Restoration in Japan in 1868 and its aftermath. The book is structured into six layers. Starting with basic concepts as systems, actors, and institutions (Section I), it then gives an overview of the major theoretical approaches and research methods (Sections II, III). The connection of theory and method with their application is essential. It allows special insights into the past and opens analytical avenues for transformation research in the future. Section IV then provides a historically oriented description and interpretation of particular ‘waves’ or types of societal transformation. With a clear focus on present transformations, the chapters in Section V provide a description and discussion of the problems, structures, actors, and courses of the transformations within different spheres of (civil) society, politics, law, and economics. Finally, the brief lexicographic chapters in Section VI delineate facts about particular relevant issues of societal transformation. Each of the chapters contains a concise list of the most important research literature.
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Heal, Bridget. Visual Commemoration. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198737575.003.0007.
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Chapter 6 investigates images’ importance for Lutheran commemorative culture. It opens with a discussion of images produced for the Reformation centennials of 1617 and 1630, but focuses most of its attention on the commemoration of the dead, on the epitaphs and other memorial images produced for Lutheran patrons. These offer, it argues, a much richer insight into the diverse nature of Lutheran commemorative culture. The chapter presents two case studies of commemorative patronage amongst the Saxon nobility. It also investigates transformations in visual commemoration at a lower social level, focusing on the miners’ guilds in Saxony’s Erzgebirge. These examples modify our understanding of the function of Lutheran commemorative art, demonstrating that it fulfilled not only political but also emotional needs. They also help to explain the survival and restoration of medieval images that did not reflect Lutheran teaching.
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del Guayo, Iñigo, Lee Godden, Donald D. Zillman, Milton Fernando Montoya, and José Juan González, eds. Energy Justice and Energy Law. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198860754.001.0001.
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Energy justice has emerged as a matter of vital concern in energy law, with resonances in the attention directed to energy poverty, and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. There are energy justice concerns in areas of law as diverse as human rights, consumer protection, international law and trade, and in many forms of regional and national energy law and regulation. The book covers main themes related to justice. Distributive justice, the equitable distribution of the benefits and burdens of energy activities, is challenged mainly by the existence of people suffering from energy poverty. This concept is also associated with substantive energy equity through such measures as the realization of ‘energy’ rights. There is also a procedural (or participation) justice, consisting in the right of all communities to participate in decision-making regarding energy projects and policies that affect them (this dimension of energy justice often includes procedural rights to information and access to courts). Under the concept of reparation (or restorative) justice, the book includes even-handed enforcement of energy statutes and regulations, as well as access to remedies when legal rights are violated. Finally, the idea of recognition or social justice means that energy injustice cannot be separated from other social ills, such as poverty and subordination based on caste, race, gender, or indigeneity, the need to take into account people who are often ignored. These issues are given specific momentum by thinking through how we might achieve a ‘just’ energy transition as the world faces the climate change challenges.
Book chapters on the topic "Attention Restorative Theory"
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Hartig, Terry. "Restoration in Nature: Beyond the Conventional Narrative." In Nebraska Symposium on Motivation, 89–151. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69020-5_5.
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AbstractThe restoration perspective on human adaptation offers a broad view of relations between environment and health; however, it remains underutilized as a source of insight for nature-and-health studies. In this chapter, I start from the restoration perspective in showing ways to extend theory and research concerned with the benefits of nature experience. I first set out the basic premises of the restoration perspective and consider how it has come to have particular relevance for understanding the salutary values now commonly assigned to nature experience. I then discuss the currently conventional theoretical narrative about restorative effects of nature experience and organize some of its components in a general framework for restorative environments theory. Extending the framework, I put forward two additional theories. These call attention to the restoration of resources as held within closer relationships and as held collectively by members of a population. In closing, I consider ways to work with the general framework and further develop the narrative about nature, restoration, and health. The extensions made here raise important considerations for nature preservation efforts, urban planning, health promotion strategies, and ways of thinking about human–nature relations.
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Ewert, Alan W., Denise S. Mitten, and Jillisa R. Overholt. "Theories and concepts: linking landscapes and health." In Health and natural landscapes: concepts and applications, 38–51. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789245400.0004.
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Abstract This book chapter provides an introduction and background information for many of these theories, concluding with practical applications, focusing on evolutionary-based theories (e.g. biophilia hypothesis, naturalistic intelligence, other evolutionary-grounded theories), restorative environment theories (stress reduction theory, attention restoration theory), identity theories, and other psychological theories and concepts. The ideas presented in this chapter arise from different ways of thinking about or explaining this phenomenon, using a particular language and worldview. A strength of the research paradigm is that it enables scientists and researchers to communicate about this engrained bodily knowledge and integrate it into ongoing theory and practice in disciplines such as medicine, public health, planning, and education that impact our day-to-day lives. Slowly but surely, Western scientific research has begun to accept other worldviews and ideas, and this diversity of thought provides greater understanding of the world around us. Much of the research presented in the next chapter builds on the foundation of the theories presented here.
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Adamson, Kaylin, and Andrew Thatcher. "Do Indoor Plants Improve Performance Outcomes?: Using the Attention Restoration Theory." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 591–604. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-96068-5_65.
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Parsons, Meg, Karen Fisher, and Roa Petra Crease. "Decolonising River Restoration: Restoration as Acts of Healing and Expression of Rangatiratanga." In Decolonising Blue Spaces in the Anthropocene, 359–417. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-61071-5_9.
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AbstractWe argue that it is important to acknowledge that river restoration (both in theory and practice) still remains largely located within the realm of the hegemonic Western knowledge systems. In this chapter we challenge the Eurocentrism of dominant ecological restoration projects by documenting the different framing and approaches to restoration being employed by Māori (the Indigenous of Aotearoa New Zealand). We focus our attention on the collective efforts of one tribal group (Ngāti Maniapoto) who are working to decolonise how their ancestral river is managed and restored through the use of Indigenous Knowledge, augmented by Western scientific techniques. A key focus is on restoration that is underpinned by the principle of kaitiakitanga (environmental guardianship) and devoted to healing fractured relationships between humans and more-than-humans.
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Ranalli, Giancarlo, and Elisabetta Zanardini. "Advanced Biocleaning System for Historical Wall Paintings." In Microorganisms in the Deterioration and Preservation of Cultural Heritage, 217–33. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69411-1_10.
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AbstractThis chapter will focus on the potential role of safe microorganisms as biocleaning agents in the removal of altered or undesirable organic substances on historical wall paintings. Selected microbes can be adopted as biological cleaners to reduce and remove deterioration ageing phenomena, environmental pollutants and altered by-products of past intervention of restorations. The aim is to offer a comprehensive view on the role and potentiality of virtuous microorganisms pro- biocleaning of altered historical wall paintings. We also report four case studies in the CH restoration field, carried out in the last 25 years, with the innovative use of bacteria and different delivery systems, focusing the attention on the preliminary diagnosis and the monitoring of the whole process. The CH field represents a great challenge and Science and Art link together the work of conservator scientists and historians with researchers and scientists, sharing their diverse expertises and joining the knowledges to the preservation and the conservation of our artistic patrimony.
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"Attention Restoration Theory." In Encyclopedia of Quality of Life and Well-Being Research, 272. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0753-5_100228.
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Cressy, David. "The Restoration Prison Archipelago." In England's Islands in a Sea of Troubles, 269–91. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198856603.003.0015.
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This chapter examines the offshore confinement of radical republicans and others who threatened the restored monarchy of Charles II. It shows how Cromwellian officers, reprieved regicides, and other so-called fanatics were imprisoned in military facilities on Jersey, Guernsey, the Isles of Scilly, the Isle of Wight, Holy Island, and the small island of St Nicholas in Plymouth Sound. This chapter views the archipelago of confinement through the dealings of prisoners and their families, keepers, and authorities, paying particular attention to the experience of Major General John Lambert, who endured twenty-four years of post-Restoration island captivity. The writ of habeas corpus had limited application on remote island before the 1680s.
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Ward, Ian. "Tears in the Fabric." In The Play of Law in Modern British Theatre, 161–92. Edinburgh University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474450140.003.0008.
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This chapter focusses its attention on the associated crimes of child-abuse and child-murder. Crimes which, as a consequence of the public interest they stimulate, must be comprehended within an often febrile cultural context. The chapter looks at a number of modern plays which address these crimes, including various contributions to the ‘in-yer-face’ genre. Its closer focus, however, is on on Bryony Lavery’s Frozen, a play which can be more squarely categorised as ‘realist’. In so doing, the chapter further considers the merits and demerits of strategies of ‘restorative’ justice. It is argued that the rooting of restorative justice, in associated ideas of compassion and empathy, makes it a peculiarly literate jurisprudence.
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Donald, Rakow. "The Proven Benefits of Spending Time in Nature." In Nature Rx, 17–30. Cornell University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501715280.003.0003.
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The chapter focus is the science behind the mental health benefits of spending more time in nature, specifically the ways in which such time improves concentration and reduces stress. Models include Attention Restoration Theory and Stress-Reduction Theory, and practices include Forest Bathing, Wilderness Adventure Experiences and gardening. The potential of each approach to reduce stress and build resilience is described.
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Rosenthal, Laura J. "Introduction." In Ways of the World, 1–18. Cornell University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501751585.003.0001.
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This chapter introduces Restoration theatre and Restoration cosmopolitanism, a form of cosmopolitics born out of the newly energized merger of vigorous global ambitions with an intensified striving for sophistication — the convergence, we might say, of the risky and the risqué — and on display on stage. It emerged in the context of two major factors: first, that the monarch and much of the court had spent many years in exile during the civil wars, and second, that during those years they witnessed ways in which the continental monarchs and their courts had enriched themselves through trade, aggression, and plunder in Asia, Africa, and the Americas. The chapter explores Restoration cosmopolitanism as engaged, critiqued, and embodied by the theater, and as a force, like the Enlightenment itself, with profoundly mixed implications. It explains how the book alters standard narratives about Restoration drama by showing how attention to this highly contested cosmopolitanism, which grew out of the period's most intriguing accomplishments and disturbing atrocities, reveals an otherwise elusive consistency among comedy, tragedy, heroic plays, and tragicomedy; disrupts a generally accepted narrative about early capitalism; and offers a fresh perspective on theatrical performances.
Conference papers on the topic "Attention Restorative Theory"
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Chung, Kyung-mi, and Jin Young Park. "Where to Take a Rest: An Attention Restoration Theory Perspective." In The 4th World Congress on Electrical Engineering and Computer Systems and Science. Avestia Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.11159/mhci18.103.
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Farghaly, Yasser, Nermine Aly Hany, and Yasmin Moussa. "The Interrelationship Between Restorative Environments and Visual Preferences in University Campus Landscapes." In 4th International Conference of Contemporary Affairs in Architecture and Urbanism – Full book proceedings of ICCAUA2020, 20-21 May 2021. Alanya Hamdullah Emin Paşa University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.38027/iccaua2021223n16.
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Educational settings are considered some of the most mentally depleting environments since they require high concentration, creativity, and efficiency. University campuses clearly portray these environments. Therefore, there is an immense need for campus settings where users can take outdoor breaks to restore and redirect their attention. Well-designed outdoor landscapes can have restorative effects on users, and in turn increase their concentration and overall productivity. This interdisciplinary research explores key literature on restorative concepts and visual preferences from the field of environmental psychology. It also examines the restorative campus landscape character from an urban design perspective. However, there are no coherent frameworks that correlate the three dimensions: restorative landscape design concepts, visual landscape preferences, and appropriate campus planning strategies. Therefore, the research summarizes the key literature findings, and merges the three parameters into a comprehensive assessment tool designed explicitly for university campuses. The paper concludes with a proposed tool (framework) that can provide guidelines to help landscape architects and planners to design restorative campus open spaces and recognize their insufficiencies.
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Romeo, Emanuele. "Conservazione e valorizzazione dei sistemi fortificati ridotti allo stato di rudere in Val Tanaro (Piemonte)." In FORTMED2020 - Defensive Architecture of the Mediterranean. Valencia: Universitat Politàcnica de València, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/fortmed2020.2020.11435.
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Conservation and enhancement of ruined fortified systems in Tanaro Valley (Piedmont)The contribution reports on a research concerning the preparatory investigation of some fortified systems of Tanaro Valley (Piedmont) in view of their restoration. The research highlighted the strong connection between the castles and the memory of events and characters that were linked to these architectures; the relationship between landscape and ruins that, today, represents a potential resource for the territory; the willingness of local authorities to improve knowledge, protection and enhancement of this heritage; the need to investigate theoretical and methodological issues and define the proper procedures for the conservation, restoration, safeguard, maintenance and management of a widespread and vulnerable heritage. The study, taking advantage of interdisciplinary contributions, used innovative instruments for the survey and monitoring of this heritage, as well as graphic and digital restitution techniques to propose to the scientific community –and communicate to the native population– the interventions of restoration, conservation, enhancement and management of these fortified systems. The research demonstrates that particular attention has to be paid to these less-known historical architectures that can however contribute, as effectively as the most famous and eye-catching fortification systems, to the political and social development and to the historical identity whose recognition, preservation and valorization are strongly hoped for.
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Heue, Matthias, Edwin Gobrecht, and Uygar O. Selman. "762MW Combined Cycle Load in 30 Minutes." In ASME 2011 Power Conference collocated with JSME ICOPE 2011. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2011-55012.
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Today’s energy market demands flexible operation of power plant units from plant operators. Frequent shutdowns of power plant units combined with the requirement for fast restoration of power output are now standard requirements for many power plants. Daily startups and shutdowns are now a common occurrence. This increases the economic significance of a short startup process with an extensively optimized and automated startup sequence for hot starts. This paper describes the progress which has been made in recent years with respect to the startup times of combined-cycle power plants. It describes the process changes which have been implemented for hot starts paying special attention to their impact on the steam turbine.
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Menouer, Ouassila. "Le projet de restauration de Bordj Istanbul, à Alger." In FORTMED2020 - Defensive Architecture of the Mediterranean. Valencia: Universitat Politàcnica de València, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/fortmed2020.2020.11386.
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Restoration of the Bordj Istanbul fort in Algiers Throughout history, Algerian coastal towns have been subject to various threats by sea, which has resulted in different types of fortification works. Their variety depended on their period of construction, the materials used and the genius of the place. In Algiers, these structures of fortifications vary between fortified castle, ramparts, watchtowers, etc. However, this historical legacy is, day after day, threatened with disappearance for lack of support. The Bordj Istanbul, or Turkish fort, is one of the most important, in Algiers. Before the launch of its restoration, the monument was in a state of advanced degradation caused by abandonment, vandalism and the aggression of the sea. In 2012, the operation was started by sorting the dislocated stone blocks of the building and consolidating its structure. The project has been reflected in a scientific approach that pays particular attention to the aesthetic integrity of the monument. The absence of archival documents has been surpassed by using comparative readings of the same type of forts and the stratigraphic study of the monument. His defensive function being over, it was necessary to think about his conversion. The character of the place, the architectural aspect of the building and some alterations of its material has aroused the idea of the development of the monument in a gastronomic restaurant by the sea within a private beach. Today, works have been closed and the opening of the restaurant is planned for the next summer season.
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Pavlovskis, Miroslavas, Darius Migilinskas, Vladislavas Kutut, and Jurgita Antucheviciene. "Initial data preparation for 3D modelling of heritage building." In The 13th international scientific conference “Modern Building Materials, Structures and Techniques”. Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/mbmst.2019.049.
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Latterly problems of restoration of historic buildings have become especially important. Historical buildings require special attention while preserving their cultural and artistic values, so the three-dimensional digital model of the building can be used preparing their operational or renewal plans. The aim of the presented research is to analyze strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) of preparation the initial data, heritage building 3D model development and parametric object databases creation. The object of the research is the Sapieha Palace built in Baroque style in 1689–1691 in the capital city of Lithuania. Applied research methods and tools – initial data collection by historical drawing analysis, manual measurement, photogrammetry methods, and “As-Built” 3D model creation. The results of the presented case study were analyzed by applying SWOT methodology as well as compared with the similar studies in the scientific literature. The research provides the basis for further construction heritage studies and analysis of possible object conversion issues.
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Parisi, Erica Isabella, and Jakub Tyc. "MULTI-SCALE AND MULTI-DOMAIN APPROACHES FOR CULTURAL TERRACED LANDSCAPES." In ARQUEOLÓGICA 2.0 - 9th International Congress & 3rd GEORES - GEOmatics and pREServation. Editorial Universitat Politécnica de Valéncia: Editorial Universitat Politécnica de Valéncia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/arqueologica9.2021.12144.
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This contribution reports the activities carried out by LamoLab, a non-governmental organization for multi-domain and multi-scale research applied to cultural terraced landscapes. Terracing and dry-stone walling have been internationally recognized as carriers of cultural values and traditional knowledge. Lamole in Chianti (Italy) has served as a primary case study of terraced vineyards, where interdisciplinary research has been converging for almost a decade. The evolution of multi-sensor data acquisition in different spectral ranges, data-driven modelling and multi-scalar approaches performed over the years are mentioned, with specific attention to the evaluation of microclimate variations induced by dry-stone walls and how they affect plant growth, ripening, and production. The results already obtained from data processing and analysis are described, although the work is still progressing. The ongoing research and future projects of LamoLab are reported for developing methodologies to understand the parameters that are critical for the effective restoration and functioning of the dry-stone walled vineyards and construct performance-oriented design strategies to enable knowledge-based design processes.
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Marinković, Milica. "RAZVITAK FRANCUSKE ADVOKATURE U XIX VEKU." In XVII majsko savetovanje. Pravni fakultet Univerziteta u Kragujevcu, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/uvp21.1067m.
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The paper is dedicated to the development of advocacy in France throughout history, and special attention is paid to the struggle of lawyers to repair the damage caused to their position by the Bourgeois Revolution. The goals of the legal struggle were fully achieved in the period of the Third Republic, rightly called the "Republic of Lawyers", when they took over the legislative and executive power. French lawyers, especially in the 19th century, were often real political dissidents. With their work as a politival opposition, they redefined the relationship between the state and society and set a clear border of state power, all of which enabled the easier emergence of a liberal constitutional monarchy, and then a republic. Due to the constant opposition activities in the courtroom, the lawyers demonstrated in the best possible way how closely law and politics stand in each state. In the introductory chapter of the paper, the author gives an overview of the historical development of advocacy from the Frankish period to the Revolution itself. During the Old Regime, lawyers enjoyed the status of "secular clergy" and, although members of the Third Class, were an unavoidable political factor in absolutist France. The second chapter contains an analysis of the devastating impact of the Revolution on the legal profession and timid attempts to improve the position of the legal profession with the advent of the Restoration. The third chapter provides an overview of the period from 1830 to 1870, which was characterized by the increasingly serious interference of lawyers in politics in order to fight for the advancement of the profession. The chapter on the Third Republic talks about the successful outcome of the lawyer's fight for their own rights, and the final chapter talks about the tendencies in the French legal profession in the 20th century.
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Broughton, David. "UKAEA, Dounreay: LLW Long Term Strategy — Developing the Options." In ASME 2003 9th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2003-4514.
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UKAEA’s mission at its Dounreay establishment in the north of Scotland is to restore the site so that it can be used for other purposes, with a minimal effect on the environment and requiring minimal attention by future generations. A Dounreay Site Restoration Plan (DSRP) has been produced. It sets out the decommissioning and radioactive waste management activities to restore the site within the next 60 years. Management of solid low level radioactive waste (LLW) that already exists, and that which will be produced as the DSRP progresses is an essential site restoration activity. Altogether around 150,000m3 (5.3Mft3) of untreated LLW could arise. This will then need to be treated, packaged and managed, the resulting volume being around 200,000m3 (7Mft3). A project to develop a long term strategy for managing all Dounreay’s existing and future LLW was initiated in 1999. The identification of complete solutions for management of LLW arising from the site restoration of Dounreay, an integrated reactor and reprocessing site, is novel in the UK. The full range of LLW will be encountered. UKAEA is progressing this specific project during a period when both responsibility and policy for UK decommissioning and radioactive waste management are evolving in the UK. At present, for most UK nuclear operators, there are no recognised routes for disposing of significant volumes of decommissioning LLW that has either lower or higher radioactivity than the levels set by BNFL for disposal at the UK national LLW disposal site at Drigg. A large project such as this has the potential to affect the environmental and social conditions that prevail in the area where it is implemented. Local society therefore has an interest in a project of this scale and scope, particularly as there could be a number of feasible solutions. UKAEA is progressing the project by following UK established practice of undertaking a Best Practicable Environmental Option (BPEO) study. UKAEA has no preconceptions of the outcome and is diligently not prejudging issues prematurely. The BPEO process draws experts and non-experts alike into the discussions and facilitates a structured analysis of the options. However to permit meaningful debate those options have to be at first generated, and secondly investigated. This has taken UKAEA two and a half years in technical assessment of options at a cost of around £23/4M. The options and issues have been investigated to the depth necessary for comparisons and valid judgements to be made within the context of the BPEO study. Further technical evaluation will be required on those options that eventually emerge as the BPEO. UKAEA corporate strategy for stakeholder participation in BPEO studies is laid out in “Restoring our Environment”, published in October 2002. This was developed by a joint approach between project managers, Corporate Communications, and discussion with the regulators, government departments and Scottish Executive. An Internal Stakeholder Panel was held in March 2003. The Panel was independently facilitated and recorded. Eight Panel members attended who provided a representative cross-section of people working on site. Two External Stakeholder Panels were held in Thurso at the end of May 2003. A Youth Stakeholder Panel was held at which three sixth form students from local High Schools gave their views on the options for managing Dounreay’s LLW. The agenda was arranged to maximise interactive discussion on those options and issues that the young people themselves considered important. The second External Stakeholder Panel was based on the Dounreay Local Liaison Committee. Additional participants were invited in acknowledgement of the wider issues involved. As the use of Drigg is an option two representatives from the Cumbrian local district committee attended. From all the knowledge and information acquired from both the technical and stakeholder programmes UKAEA will build up the objective line of argument that leads to the BPEO emerging. This will be the completion of this first stage of the project and is planned for achievement in March 2004. Once the BPEO has been identified the next stage will be to work up the applications for the authorisations that will be necessary to allow implementation of the BPEO. Any facilities needed will require planning permission from the appropriate planning authority. The planning application could be called in by a Minister of State or a planning inquiry convened. During this next stage attention will be paid to ensure all reports and submissions are consistent and compliant with regulations and possible future legal processes. Stakeholder dialogue will continue throughout this next stage moving on from disussion of options to the actual developments. The objective will be to resolve as many issues stakeholders might raise prior to the submissions of applications and prior to the regulators’ formal consultation procedures. This will allow early attention to those areas of concern. Beyond the submission of applications for authorisations it is unwise to speculate as nuclear decommissioning will be then organised in the UK in a different way. The Nuclear Decommissioning Authority will most probably be in overall control and, particularly for Dounreay, the Scottish Executive may have developed its policy for radioactive waste management in Scotland.
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Saadat, Yalda, Yanjie Zhang, Dongming Zhang, Bilal M. Ayyub, and Hongwei Huang. "Post-Failure Recovery Strategies for Metrorail Transit Networks With Washington D.C. As a Case Study." In ASME 2018 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2018-87471.
Full textAbstract:
Metro-Rail transit systems are large-scale networks in numerous modern urban areas that play prominent direct and supportive roles in providing efficient mobility for sustaining communities and local economies. Any event leading to failure of a metro-rail network could have serious societal consequences, such as dramatic effect on the safety and wellbeing of commuters in addition to direct and indirect costs from its diminished performance that lead to resilience loss. Potential performance losses might exhibit complexity and pose a challenge for measurement and prediction. Hence, measuring the resilience of such a network enables its efficient enhancement in a cost-effective manner. Enhancing resilience highly depends on identifying recovery strategies with special attention not only to restoring connectedness but also on reducing associated failure and recovery costs. An effective recovery strategy must demonstrate rapid optimal restoration of a disrupted system while minimizing the cost of the disruption. The objective of this paper is to identify effective recovery strategies to reduce the performance loss and to minimize the total cost of a network during and after a disruptive event, using Washington D.C. Metro with its 91 stations and 140 links as a case study. Method of measuring performance loss in this paper, illustrates that the best recovery sequence typically reflects the order of components ranked based on their degree of vulnerability in the network. Also, the proposed cost model provides a basis to decision makers to identify an optimal recovery strategy according to both paramount recovery sequence and minimum cost consideration.