Journal articles: 'Attention – Physiological aspects'

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Benedik, Ľudovít. "Psycho-Physiological Aspects in Karate Sports Preparation." Sport i Turystyka. Środkowoeuropejskie Czasopismo Naukowe 3, no. 2 (2020): 79–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.16926/sit.2020.03.14.

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In the study, we tried to point out, on the basis of comparison conclusions of several research works, how much the psycho-physiological aspects contribute to influencing the conception of sport preparation in terms of the philosophical context of preparation in traditional martial arts. We elucidated the perception of the difference between martial arts and combat sports and emphasized the psychological dimension of training in sports karate in relation to physical training. At the same time, we were looking for relationships that would give us an answer as to which of these aspects are more effective in terms of sports performance. In conclusion, on the basis of a comprehensive content analysis of the findings, we draw attention to the fact that only the mutual correlation of both selected aspects can achieve the desired results in the training of karate practitioners.

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Sturm, Walter. "Functional Anatomy of Intensity Aspects of Attention." Zeitschrift für Neuropsychologie 14, no. 3 (January 2003): 181–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/1016-264x.14.3.181.

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Abstract: Behavioral and PET/fMRI-data are presented to delineate the functional networks subserving alertness, sustained attention, and vigilance as different aspects of attention intensity. The data suggest that a mostly right-hemisphere frontal, parietal, thalamic, and brainstem network plays an important role in the regulation of attention intensity, irrespective of stimulus modality. Under conditions of phasic alertness there is less right frontal activation reflecting a diminished need for top-down regulation with phasic extrinsic stimulation. Furthermore, a high overlap between the functional networks for alerting and spatial orienting of attention is demonstrated. These findings support the hypothesis of a co-activation of the posterior attention system involved in spatial orienting by the anterior alerting network. Possible implications of these findings for the therapy of neglect are proposed.

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HEISER, P., S. FRIEDEL, A. DEMPFLE, K. KONRAD, J. SMIDT, J. GRABARKIEWICZ, B. HERPERTZDAHLMANN, H. REMSCHMIDT, and J. HEBEBRAND. "Molecular genetic aspects of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder." Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews 28, no. 6 (October 2004): 625–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2004.09.010.

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Spikman, Jacoba M. "Social Attention." Zeitschrift für Neuropsychologie 14, no. 3 (January 2003): 171–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/1016-264x.14.3.171.

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Abstract: Many TBI patients suffer from cognitive impairments, affecting their abilities to function on a previous level. However, some patients exhibit personality changes, manifesting themselves in inadequate or inappropriate social behavior, which are considered to have even more debilitating consequences on successful social and vocational rehabilitation. The term “impaired social attention” was put forward by Dr. van Zomeren as a description of a part of these problems: Patients' analysis of social situations seems incomplete, and they seem to lack awareness of consequences of their actions. In this paper the concept of social attention will be explored, whereby it is hypothesized that impaired social attention results from underlying emotional impairments. Two aspects of emotional behavior are considered essential prerequisites for intact social attention: The ability to perceive emotional expressions of others, and the ability to form a Theory of Mind (ToM). The literature will be reviewed in order to find out whether these aspects are impaired in TBI patients.

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Fossella, John A., Tobias Sommer, Jin Fan, Don Pfaff, and Michael I. Posner. "Synaptogenesis and heritable aspects of executive attention." Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews 9, no. 3 (2003): 178–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrdd.10078.

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Friedman, Sara R., Lisa J. Rapport, Mark Lumley, Angela Tzelepis, Amy VanVoorhis, Lawrence Stettner, and Laura Kakaati. "Aspects of social and emotional competence in adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder." Neuropsychology 17, no. 1 (January 2003): 50–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0894-4105.17.1.50.

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Siéroff, Éric, Charlotte Joly, and Henri Lenoir. "Cognitive aspects of attention deficits in Alzheimer's disease." Gériatrie et Psychologie Neuropsychiatrie du Viellissement 18, no. 4 (December 2020): 419–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1684/pnv.2020.0898.

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McKay, Kathleen E., Jeffrey M. Halperin, Susan T. Schwartz, and Vanshdeep Sharma. "Developmental analysis of three aspects of information processing: Sustained attention, selective attention, and response organization." Developmental Neuropsychology 10, no. 2 (January 1994): 121–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/87565649409540572.

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Orr, William C., and C. L. Chen. "IV. Clinical and physiological aspects of gastrointestinal motility and aging." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 283, no. 6 (December 1, 2002): G1226—G1231. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00276.2002.

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The gastrointestinal motility changes that occur as a function of age are reviewed herein. Careful attention must be given in any review of aging phenomena to exclude, or at least be cognizant of, the many comorbid conditions that can alter physiological functioning in older adults. The dramatic increase in life expectancy over the past 10–15 years demands that clinicians be aware of the various physiological and clinically relevant changes that occur with age. Gastrointestinal motility changes associated with age are relatively subtle, and in many instances only conflicting data exist. As the older adult population increases, and as the control of disease is improved, much more work needs to be done to understand the true effects of aging on gastrointestinal functioning.

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Veltman, Johanna C., Wiebo H. Brouwer, Adriaan H. van Zomeren, and Peter C. van Wolffelaar. "Central executive aspects of attention in subacute severe and very severe closed head injury patients: Planning, inhibition, flexibility, and divided attention." Neuropsychology 10, no. 3 (July 1996): 357–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0894-4105.10.3.357.

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Dodd, Michael D., Amanda Balzer, Carly M. Jacobs, Michael W. Gruszczynski, Kevin B. Smith, and John R. Hibbing. "The political left rolls with the good and the political right confronts the bad: connecting physiology and cognition to preferences." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 367, no. 1589 (March 5, 2012): 640–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2011.0268.

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We report evidence that individual-level variation in people's physiological and attentional responses to aversive and appetitive stimuli are correlated with broad political orientations. Specifically, we find that greater orientation to aversive stimuli tends to be associated with right-of-centre and greater orientation to appetitive (pleasing) stimuli with left-of-centre political inclinations. These findings are consistent with recent evidence that political views are connected to physiological predispositions but are unique in incorporating findings on variation in directed attention that make it possible to understand additional aspects of the link between the physiological and the political.

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Лебединский, К. М., А. Н. Коваленко, И. С. Курапеев, А. Е. Карелов, А. И. Ленькин, В. В. Субботин, П. А. Волков, and Д. В. Мартынов. "Физические и физиологические проблемы медицинского мониторинга." Журнал технической физики 90, no. 9 (2020): 1401. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/jtf.2020.09.49670.69-20.

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Physiological, physical, technological, ergonomic, cognitive and financial aspects of medical monitoring – one of the fastest growing and high-tech areas of medicine and medical technology – are discussed in the review in the context of historical development. Special attention is paid to the clinical requirements for monitoring, monitors and monitored parameters, sophisticated, controversial and problematic aspects of monitoring, in particular, physiological signals interpretation, the impact of monitoring on patients’ treatment outcomes, difficulties in creating automatic control systems for physiological functions of the patient based on monitoring data and integral monitoring assessment of the whole body physiological state as a necessary complement, and sometimes – more efficient alternative to conventional “analytical” monitoring of certain physiological functions and parameters.

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Nikolaeva, Shantimora Gala, and Dan Nathan-Roberts. "Various Aspects of the Human Factor in Online Education." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 60, no. 1 (September 2016): 1279–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541931213601297.

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The goal of this proceeding is to summarize the current research trends in human factors of studying Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs), and to quantify the frequency of literature publications each of these trends. This proceeding performs quantitative analysis of 154 sources, grouped by key aspects of research: psychological, technological, and physiological, and by the main object/subject of study: learner, instructor, or teaching methodologies. Based on the results of this analysis, two suggestions can be made: a.) further research of effective human-computer interactions in online education may involve studying basic physiological and psychological processing of information received through mobile devices and computer interfaces, and b.) more attention may be devoted to instructor’s side of MOOCs: their experience, needs, and feedback.

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Miloyan, Beyon H., Jill Razani, Andrea Larco, Justina Avila, and Julia Chung. "Aspects of Attention Predict Real-World Task Performance in Alzheimer's Disease." Applied Neuropsychology: Adult 20, no. 3 (February 13, 2013): 203–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09084282.2012.685133.

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Sturm, W., B. Fimm, A. Cantagallo, N. Cremel, P. North, P. North, A. Passadori, et al. "Specific Computerized Attention Training in Stroke and Traumatic Brain-Injured Patients." Zeitschrift für Neuropsychologie 14, no. 4 (December 2003): 283–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/1016-264x.14.4.283.

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Abstract: In a multicenter European approach, the efficacy of the AIXTENT computerized training programs for intensity aspects (alertness and vigilance) and selectivity aspects (selective and divided attention) of attention was studied in 33 patients with brain damage of vascular and traumatic etiology. Each patient received training in one of two most impaired of the four attention domains. Control tests were performed by means of a standardized computerized attention test battery (TAP) comprising tests for the four attention functions. Assessment was carried out at the beginning and at the end of a four week baseline period and after the training period of 14 one-hour sessions. At the end of the baseline phase, there was only slight but significant improvement for the most complex attention function, divided attention (number of omissions). After the training, there were significant specific training effects for both intensity aspects (alertness and vigilance) and also for the number of omissions in the divided attention task. The application of inferential single case procedures revealed a high number of significant improvements in individual cases after specific training of alertness and vigilance problems. On the other hand, a non specific training addressing selectivity aspects of attention lead either to improvement or deterioration of alertness and vigilance performance. The results corroborate the findings of former studies with the same training instrument but in patients with different lesion etiologies.

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Pesce, Caterina, and Rainer Bösel. "Focusing of Visuospatial Attention." Journal of Psychophysiology 15, no. 4 (October 2001): 256–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027//0269-8803.15.4.256.

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Abstract In the present study we explored the focusing of visuospatial attention in subjects practicing and not practicing activities with high attentional demands. Similar to the studies of Castiello and Umiltà (e. g., 1990) , our experimental procedure was a variation of Posner's (1980) basic paradigm for exploring covert orienting of visuospatial attention. In a simple RT-task, a peripheral cue of varying size was presented unilaterally or bilaterally from a central fixation point and followed by a target at different stimulus-onset-asynchronies (SOAs). The target could occur validly inside the cue or invalidly outside the cue with varying spatial relation to its boundary. Event-related brain potentials (ERPs) and reaction times (RTs) were recorded to target stimuli under the different task conditions. RT and ERP findings showed converging aspects as well as dissociations. Electrophysiological results revealed an amplitude modulation of the ERPs in the early and late Nd time interval at both anterior and posterior scalp sites, which seems to be related to the effects of peripheral informative cues as well as to the attentional expertise. Results were: (1) shorter latency effects confirm the positive-going amplitude enhancement elicited by unilateral peripheral cues and strengthen the criticism against the neutrality of spatially nonpredictive peripheral cueing of all possible target locations which is often presumed in behavioral studies. (2) Longer latency effects show that subjects with attentional expertise modulate the distribution of the attentional resources in the visual space differently than nonexperienced subjects. Skilled practice may lead to minimizing attentional costs by automatizing the use of a span of attention that is adapted to the most frequent task demands and endogenously increases the allocation of resources to cope with less usual attending conditions.

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Cahn, D. A., A. C. Marcotte, R. A. Stern, J. E. Arruda, N. A. Akshoomoff, and I. C. Leshko. "Qualitative aspects of visuoconstruction in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder." Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 11, no. 5 (January 1, 1996): 374–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/arclin/11.5.374a.

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Garrad-Cole, Frances, Kimron L. Shapiro, and Guillaume Thierry. "Developmental Aspects of Temporal and Spatial Visual Attention: Insights from the Attentional Blink and Visual Search Tasks." Child Neuropsychology 17, no. 2 (February 28, 2011): 118–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09297049.2010.509716.

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Nielsen, Joachim, and Niels Ørtenblad. "Physiological aspects of the subcellular localization of glycogen in skeletal muscle." Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 38, no. 2 (February 2013): 91–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2012-0184.

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Glucose is stored in skeletal muscle fibers as glycogen, a branched-chain polymer observed in electron microscopy images as roughly spherical particles (known as β-particles of 10–45 nm in diameter), which are distributed in distinct localizations within the myofibers and are physically associated with metabolic and scaffolding proteins. Although the subcellular localization of glycogen has been recognized for more than 40 years, the physiological role of the distinct localizations has received sparse attention. Recently, however, studies involving stereological, unbiased, quantitative methods have investigated the role and regulation of these distinct deposits of glycogen. In this report, we review the available literature regarding the subcellular localization of glycogen in skeletal muscle as investigated by electron microscopy studies and put this into perspective in terms of the architectural, topological, and dynamic organization of skeletal muscle fibers. In summary, the distribution of glycogen within skeletal muscle fibers has been shown to depend on the fiber phenotype, individual training status, short-term immobilization, and exercise and to influence both muscle contractility and fatigability. Based on all these data, the available literature strongly indicates that the subcellular localization of glycogen has to be taken into consideration to fully understand and appreciate the role and regulation of glycogen metabolism and signaling in skeletal muscle. A full understanding of these phenomena may prove vital in elucidating the mechanisms that integrate basic cellular events with changing glycogen content.

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von Bueren Jarchow, Astrid, Bogdan P. Radanov, and Lutz Jäncke. "Pain Influences Several Levels of Attention." Zeitschrift für Neuropsychologie 16, no. 4 (January 2005): 235–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/1016-264x.16.4.235.

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Abstract: The aim of the present study was to examine to what extent chronic pain has an impact on various attentional processes. To measure these attention processes a set of experimental standard tests of the “Testbatterie zur Aufmerksamkeitsprüfung” (TAP), a neuropsychological battery testing different levels of attention, were used: alertness, divided attention, covert attention, vigilance, visual search, and Go-NoGo tasks. 24 chronic outpatients and 24 well-matched healthy control subjects were tested. The control subjects were matched for age, gender, and education. The group of chronic pain patients exhibited marked deficiencies in all attentional functions except for the divided attention task. Thus, the data supports the notion that chronic pain negatively influences attention because pain patients` attention is strongly captivated by the internal pain stimuli. Only the more demanding divided attention task has the capability to distract the focus of attention to the pain stimuli. Therefore, the pain patients are capable of performing within normal limits. Based on these findings chronic pain patients' attentional deficits should be appropriately evaluated and considered for insurance and work related matters. The effect of a successful distraction away from the pain in the divided attention task can also open new therapeutic aspects.

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Smythies, John Raymond. "The role of acetylcholine in hallucinatory perception." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 28, no. 6 (December 2005): 773. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x05380137.

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This commentary reviews and extends the target article's treatment of the topic of the role of acetylcholine in hallucinatory experience in health and disease. Particular attention is paid to differentiating muscarinic and nicotinic effects in modulating the use of virtual reality mechanisms by the brain. Then, attention is drawn to the similarities between these aspects of brain function and certain aspects of television digital compression technology.

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Vincze, Janos. "The Biophisical Modeling of Psychological Aspects." Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Research 5, no. 5 (May 23, 2022): 01–05. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2768-0487/083.

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The notion of stress has becae as the same time very popular but is sometimes used improperly or with many exaggerations especially concerning the recommendations of practical solutions suggested for stress management. The stress producing stimuli, many physiological processes go into action, probably through different paths in close connection; the response is, therefore, an interaction between the organism and his environment. The emotional component takes part in the response reactions through the somatic effect of which it influences the behaviour. The man having lost his last connection with the world grieves duple and his environment must pay great attention not to lose also him. Every medico-surgical intervention belongs to the stress factors. Both contain psychopathological elements and a long psychotherapy accomplished by a specialist is needed, considerate-protective environment for the accommodation in the normal life, for the resocialization. The biological stress is a long succession of active, interactive mutual effect. This relation which always consists of the difference of value-power-intensity is, like an example of today, a chain of action of two fighter during which they get the offensive and defensive conduct in exchanged role. From the point of view of the human individual life the psyche (psychism) is a subsystem. If still we take it out of this relationship with investigational aim then we have to consider it a system.

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MISRA, SANTA, and JYOTI SATPATHY. "Correlation of Age, Yoga and Circadian Rhythm on Attention." Dev Sanskriti Interdisciplinary International Journal 4 (July 31, 2014): 01–07. http://dx.doi.org/10.36018/dsiij.v4i0.39.

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A field investigation was conducted concerning the impact of Yoga practice and Circadian Rhythmic impact on Span of Attention of the subjects. All the subjects were randomly selected from different Yoga practicing center throughout Orissa. They are divided into two groups like Yoga practicing groups (n=40) and Non-Yoga practicing Group (n=40). All the subjects are tested individually for four times in a day like morning, noon, evening and night, for their span of attention test. The analysis of results basing on their average span of attention score revealed that both the groups differed significantly with regard to their circadian Rhythmic impact. However, interaction impact is not found to be statistically significant which revealed the idea that the activity and arousal level may have certain other physiological aspects to be explored further.

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Bartolomeo, Paolo, and Sylvie Chokron. "Can we change our vantage point to explore imaginal neglect?" Behavioral and Brain Sciences 25, no. 2 (April 2002): 184–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x02240042.

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Right brain-damaged patients with unilateral neglect, who ignore left-sided visual events, may also omit left-sided details when describing known places from memory. Modulating the orienting of visual attention may ameliorate imaginal neglect. A first step toward explaining these phenomena might be to postulate that space-related imagery is a cognitive activity involving attentional and intentional aspects.

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Savoca, Adriana, and Davide Manca. "Physiologically-based pharmacokinetic simulations in pharmacotherapy: selection of the optimal administration route for exogenous melatonin." ADMET and DMPK 7, no. 1 (February 23, 2019): 44–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5599/admet.625.

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The benefits of melatonin on human body are drawing increasing attention from several researchers in different fields. While its role as cure for sleep disturbances (e.g., jet lag, insomnia) is well documented and established, new functions in physiological and pathophysiological processes are emerging. To investigate these effects, there is need for the characterization of melatonin transport processes in the body and resulting pharmacokinetics. Although recent works propose physiologically-based pharmacokinetic modelling of melatonin, no work has yet highlighted the potential of PBPK simulations to shed light on melatonin pharmacokinetic aspects and discrimination among administration routes. This paper presents, validates, and discusses a versatile PBPK model featuring different ways of administration and compares the resulting pharmacokinetic profiles of intravenous, oral, and transdermal administration, with the goal of understanding which is the optimal route to achieve either physiological and/or supraphysiological melatonin levels.

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Khoshnoud, Shiva, Federico Alvarez Igarzábal, and Marc Wittmann. "Peripheral-physiological and neural correlates of the flow experience while playing video games: a comprehensive review." PeerJ 8 (December 18, 2020): e10520. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.10520.

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The flow state is defined by intense involvement in an activity with high degrees of concentration and focused attention accompanied by a sense of pleasure. Video games are effective tools for inducing flow, and keeping players in this state is considered to be one of the central goals of game design. Many studies have focused on the underlying physiological and neural mechanisms of flow. Results are inconsistent when describing a unified mechanism underlying this mental state. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the physiological and neural correlates of flow and explains the relationship between the reported physiological and neural markers of the flow experience. Despite the heterogeneous results, it seems possible to establish associations between reported markers and the cognitive and experiential aspects of flow, particularly regarding arousal, attention control, reward processing, automaticity, and self-referential processing.

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Ruge, Hannes, and Ewald Naumann. "Brain-Electrical Correlates of Negative Location Priming Under Sustained and Transient Attentional Context Conditions." Journal of Psychophysiology 20, no. 3 (January 2006): 160–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0269-8803.20.3.160.

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In the present study event-related potentials (ERPs) and event-related lateralizations (ERLs) were analyzed to investigate mechanisms of attentional inhibition engaged when a target stimulus has to be located within a simultaneous target-distractor display. The putative after-effects of inhibition were examined with a prime-probe technique by comparing a “DT” condition (the prime Distractor location becomes the probe Target location) with a control condition (the probe target appears at a previously empty position). The specific aim was to dissociate more “automatic” aspects from more “controlled” aspects associated with the inhibition of distractor locations. To do so, we compared physically identical prime-probe pairs in a sustained-attention context (same target throughout a block) and a transient-attention context (trial-by-trial target specification). Three early ERP/ERL components showed differential effects for DT compared to control: (1) the posterior N1 with a diminished amplitude contralateral to the visual half-field side of target presentation, (2) the N2pc with an enhanced amplitude contralateral to the visual half-field side of target presentation, and (3) the posteriorly distributed N2 with a nonlateralized enhancement for DT compared to control. These effects were differently affected by the context manipulation. While the N2pc effect was observed exclusively under sustained attention, the N1 lateralization effect and the N2 effect were not differentially modulated. The N1 lateralization effect seems consistent with an inhibition-of-return explanation. The N2pc and N2 effects are supposed to be reflecting different aspects of a biased-competition model of distractor inhibition.

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Huron, David. "The Ramp Archetype and the Maintenance of Passive Auditory Attention." Music Perception 10, no. 1 (1992): 83–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40285540.

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Research on physiological aspects of attention has shown an asymmetry in neurological arousal with respect to the direction of stimulus change. Increases of stimulus intensity level are more effective than equivalent decreases in evoking listeners' attention. Where musical resources limit a continual escalation of intensity level over the course of a work, it is theoretically possible to maintain attention by structuring the work as a sequence of stimulus "ramps"—where intensity increases are small and incremental, but stimulus decreases are large and abrupt. Scorebased studies of dynamics in homophonic music and voice entries and exits in polyphonic music show such an asymmetry. It would appear that for a large body of works of western art music, compositional practices are consistent with a theoretical strategy for maintaining passive auditory attention.

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Brigstocke, Julian, Lidiane Malanquini, Maira Froes, Cristina Cabral, and Gabriela Baptista. "Disjunctive writing in the urban skinscape: Bodies, borders and the physiology of attention in a Rio de Janeiro favela." Sociological Review 70, no. 4 (July 2022): 810–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00380261221106515.

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This article offers a creative disjunctive feminist analysis of affective rhythms within a complexly bordered complex of favelas in Rio de Janeiro. It explores the gendered atmospheric constitution of authority in the favela’s violent border spaces, arguing that authority is partly embodied through a channelling of attention. Attention is conceptualised as involving not just conscious intentions, perceptions and emotions, but also non-conscious rhythms of autonomous affective self-regulation. The article is structured through a tripartite disjunctive form that expresses the bordering of city, body and experience. Drawing on qualitative interview data, quantitative electrodermal activity physiological data and creative writing, the article dwells with the materiality of words and the forms of affects to express material and physiological aspects of emotion and affect in journeys around the internal border-spaces of the city. Adapting the modernist tradition of ‘stream of consciousness’ writing, we style a ‘stream of attention’ form of writing that expresses multiple modes of embodied, conscious and preconscious attention.

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Lailiyah, Siti, Sihhatul Hayat, Siti Urifah, and Maunah Setyawati. "LEVELS OF STUDENTS’ MATHEMATICS ANXIETIES AND THE IMPACTS ON ONLINE MATHEMATICS LEARNING." Jurnal Cakrawala Pendidikan 40, no. 1 (February 23, 2021): 107–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/cp.v40i1.36437.

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It is widely assumed that anxieties tend to lead to low mathematics performance. The purpose of this study was to describe the levels of students’ mathematics anxieties and the impacts on mathematics learning achievement in online mathematics learning. The study was a quantitative survey. The research instrument was questionnaire consisting of four elements of physiological, cognitive, affective, and behavioral aspects. The subjects were 109 mathematics education students who were willing to be the research participants. The data were collected using mathematics anxiety questionnaires and documentation of students’ mathematics learning achievement. The data analyses used descriptive statistics and confirmatory factor analysis with structural equation modeling of the Lisrel program. The findings show that the levels of all aspects of students’ mathematics anxieties in online mathematics learning were at the moderate level. The anxiety aspects that affect students’ mathematics learning achievement in online mathematics learning were of the affective and cognitive categories, while the physiological and behavioral aspects do not affect mathematics learning achievement. A research implication is for the teacher to pay attention to the cognitive and affective aspects of the students’ mathematics anxieties.

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Bellastella, Giuseppe, Maria Ida Maiorino, Lorenzo Scappaticcio, Annamaria De Bellis, Silvia Mercadante, Katherine Esposito, and Antonio Bellastella. "Chronothyroidology: Chronobiological Aspects in Thyroid Function and Diseases." Life 11, no. 5 (May 10, 2021): 426. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life11050426.

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Chronobiology is the scientific discipline which considers biological phenomena in relation to time, which assumes itself biological identity. Many physiological processes are cyclically regulated by intrinsic clocks and many pathological events show a circadian time-related occurrence. Even the pituitary–thyroid axis is under the control of a central clock, and the hormones of the pituitary–thyroid axis exhibit circadian, ultradian and circannual rhythmicity. This review, after describing briefly the essential principles of chronobiology, will be focused on the results of personal experiences and of other studies on this issue, paying particular attention to those regarding the thyroid implications, appearing in the literature as reviews, metanalyses, original and observational studies until 28 February 2021 and acquired from two databases (Scopus and PubMed). The first input to biological rhythms is given by a central clock located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), which dictates the timing from its hypothalamic site to satellite clocks that contribute in a hierarchical way to regulate the physiological rhythmicity. Disruption of the rhythmic organization can favor the onset of important disorders, including thyroid diseases. Several studies on the interrelationship between thyroid function and circadian rhythmicity demonstrated that thyroid dysfunctions may affect negatively circadian organization, disrupting TSH rhythm. Conversely, alterations of clock machinery may cause important perturbations at the cellular level, which may favor thyroid dysfunctions and also cancer.

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Rubinskiy, Artemiy V., and Leonid A. Noskin. "Biomedical aspects of problems safe usage of transport maglev." Transportation systems and technology 2, no. 4 (December 15, 2016): 114–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/transsyst201624114-127.

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Among the external physical factors that require attention during the process of projecting maglev transport, the key factor is the protection of staff and passengers from electromagnetic fields and mechanical accelerations that can cause extreme states in biochemical and physiological systems of living organisms. Objective: creation of tools, methods and recommendation systems, allowing to objectify the assessment of collective and individual security of the human beings being under the influence of maglev transport; assess the maximum allowable parameters. Methods: The most efficient way to achieve this goal is to use the methodology of polysystemic predictive diagnostics that allows to dynamically track in the degree of balance in regulative system of homeostasis which is a determining factor of individual adaptogenesis. In accordance with the laws of biomechanics, biomagnetism and stress theory, the impact of these adverse factors is causing resistive and adaptive restoration physiological responses at the same time, which subsequently, with the continuation of action and increase of dose and load, modify and lead to extreme and critical (pathological) states in human organism. From the literature on Biomagnetism, it follows that even weak magnetic fields can provide highly efficient action, and after organism being exposed to inductive magnetic fields of various intensity one-sided physiological shifts were observed. Organism's reactions to acceleration show similar behavior. The practical significance of the work lies in the fact that the study will specify hygiene requirements in absolute values and duration of adverse factors on the railways. Exceeding the exposure dose exposure on these indicators can cause irreversible negative condition of the body. However, due to the emergence of a fundamentally new transport technology, existing concepts require refinement and updating.

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Pluhator, Michelle M., Alan BR Thomson, and Richard N. Fedorak. "Clinical Aspects of Trace Elements: Zinc in Human Nutrition – A Biochemical and Physiological Perspective." Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology 9, no. 5 (1995): 251–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1995/384176.

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The tremendous technological advances in trace element analysis seen in recent years have stimulated and facilitated research in a number of disciplines including microbiology, nutrition, agriculture, clinical medicine and, most recently, psychology. The importance of trace elements to human health is receiving greater attention as clinical cases of deficiency and toxicity are described. Zinc has been recognized as an essential trace element for humans since the early 1960s. It has been found to play a critical role in the physiological and biochemical well-being of humans. This review discusses the tissue distribution, concentration and intracellular binding of zinc in healthy humans. (Other reviews in this five-part series will appear in following issues.) The biochemical roles of zinc, including its involvement in the actions of metalloenzymes, cell synthesis, wound healing, growth, reproduction, hormone metabolism, cellular structural stability and immunological processes, are highlighted in order to provide an understanding of the unique and extensive role zinc plays in the biochemistry of the human body.

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Spaccavento, Simona, Chiara Valeria Marinelli, Roberto Nardulli, Luigi Macchitella, Umberto Bivona, Laura Piccardi, Pierluigi Zoccolotti, and Paola Angelelli. "Attention Deficits in Stroke Patients: The Role of Lesion Characteristics, Time from Stroke, and Concomitant Neuropsychological Deficits." Behavioural Neurology 2019 (May 23, 2019): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/7835710.

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Attention impairments are frequent in stroke patients with important consequences on the rehabilitation outcomes and quality of life. The aim of the study was to perform a comprehensive assessment of selective and intensive attention processes in a large population of brain-damaged patients, evaluating the influence of the side and site of the brain lesion, the time from stroke, and the concomitant presence of aphasia or neglect. We assessed 204 patients with a first unilateral brain lesion and 42 healthy individuals with three subtests of the Test of Attentional Performance (TAP): Alertness, Go-No Go, and Divided Attention. 44.4% of patients had an impairment in both intensive and selective aspects of attention, 5.6% had deficits only in the intensive component, and 31.8% had deficits only in selective tasks. More than 80% of the patients fell below the cut-off point on at least one task. Patients with a right hemispheric lesion (RHL) were more impaired than patients with a left hemispheric lesion (LHL) especially in tonic and phasic alertness. Patients with total anterior infarcts (TACI) presented the worst profile compared to other stroke subtypes, with a difference between total and lacunar subtypes in the Alertness test, independent of the presence of warning. Patients in the chronic phase had shorter RTs than acute patients only in the Alertness test. In patients with LHL, the presence of aphasia was associated with a greater deficit in selective attention. In patients with RHL, the presence of unilateral neglect was associated with impaired alertness and selective attention. Attention deficits are common after a unilateral first stroke. In keeping with the hierarchical organization of attention functions, results confirm the important role of the right hemisphere for the intensive components of attention, also highlighting the involvement of left hemisphere functioning for the selective aspects, possibly indicating a role of its linguistic functions.

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Eggebrecht, Adam T., Jed T. Elison, Eric Feczko, Alexandre Todorov, Jason J. Wolff, Sridhar Kandala, Chloe M. Adams, et al. "Joint Attention and Brain Functional Connectivity in Infants and Toddlers." Cerebral Cortex 27, no. 3 (January 7, 2017): 1709–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhw403.

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Abstract Initiating joint attention (IJA), the behavioral instigation of coordinated focus of 2 people on an object, emerges over the first 2 years of life and supports social-communicative functioning related to the healthy development of aspects of language, empathy, and theory of mind. Deficits in IJA provide strong early indicators for autism spectrum disorder, and therapies targeting joint attention have shown tremendous promise. However, the brain systems underlying IJA in early childhood are poorly understood, due in part to significant methodological challenges in imaging localized brain function that supports social behaviors during the first 2 years of life. Herein, we show that the functional organization of the brain is intimately related to the emergence of IJA using functional connectivity magnetic resonance imaging and dimensional behavioral assessments in a large semilongitudinal cohort of infants and toddlers. In particular, though functional connections spanning the brain are involved in IJA, the strongest brain-behavior associations cluster within connections between a small subset of functional brain networks; namely between the visual network and dorsal attention network and between the visual network and posterior cingulate aspects of the default mode network. These observations mark the earliest known description of how functional brain systems underlie a burgeoning fundamental social behavior, may help improve the design of targeted therapies for neurodevelopmental disorders, and, more generally, elucidate physiological mechanisms essential to healthy social behavior development.

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Lesik, O. O., and V. A. Zhadnov. "A SYSTEMATIC APPROACH AND GENDER ASPECTS OF EPILEPSY." I.P.Pavlov Russian Medical Biological Herald 25, no. 1 (March 31, 2017): 118–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.23888/pavlovj20171118-132.

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Epilepsy affects patients of opposite gender differently, hence requires gender-specific approaches in both management and treatment of such patients. Reproductive health, sexual function and other symptomatic disorders of various organ systems ought to be of cen-ter-focus for doctors treating patients with epilepsy, especially considering the fact that, all these conditions can adversely affect the quality of life of these patients. A considerate amount of scientific interest is being devoted to epilepsy in separate genders, however, insufficient attention is given to the comparative analysis peculiarities in these patients in terms of impact on health, level of depression and anxiety, leading psychological defense mechanisms, satisfaction and overall quality of life of patients with epilepsy. When activity of component parameters are viewed separately, they may not reveal pathogenesis as a whole, thus can’t be used to assess patients’ condition. Complex of electrographic and clinical characteristics are considered as a semiotic system. Such combined analysis of both physiological as well as clinical factors allow biologically-based systematic assessment of syndrome formation and relationship establishment between human biological peculiarities and clinical characteristics of the disease based on gender. Systematic approach in the analysis of physical, psychological and social aspects of epilepsy in men and women will focus attention to gender based disease peculiarities optimize treatment, outpatient follow-up and overall improvement of quality of life of patients.

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Skalski, Sebastian, Karol Konaszewski, Grzegorz Pochwatko, Robert Balas, and Janusz Surzykiewicz. "Effects of hemoencephalographic biofeedback with virtual reality on selected aspects of attention in children with ADHD." International Journal of Psychophysiology 170 (December 2021): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2021.10.001.

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Haan, J., J. Hollander, and MD Ferrari. "Migraine in The Elderly: A Review." Cephalalgia 27, no. 2 (February 2007): 97–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2982.2006.01250.x.

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Although migraine is less prevalent in older than in younger age groups, the absolute increase in the number of subjects in older age groups may lead to an increase in the total number of migraine patients. Consequently, more elderly migraine patients may seek medical attention. In this review, the epidemiology and clinical aspects of migraine in the age group of ≥60 years are summarized, with special attention to comorbidity. The review will focus on treatment choices in elderly migraine patients. These must be based on knowledge of mechanisms of physiological and pathological ageing.

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Roy, Shumita, and Norman W. Park. "Effects of dividing attention on memory for declarative and procedural aspects of tool use." Memory & Cognition 44, no. 5 (March 7, 2016): 727–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13421-016-0600-4.

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Балашова, Людмила Александровна, Игорь Алексеевич Жмакин, Константин Борисович Баканов, and Лариса Петровна Пикалова. "Physician as a subject of extreme situation: medical-biological, sociological and personal aspects." Herald of Tver State University. Series: Biology and Ecology, no. 4(60) (December 25, 2020): 169–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.26456/vtbio180.

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Изучена адаптация врачей к современным социальным условиям жизнедеятельности. Исследовалось их отношение к экстремальным ситуациям, связанных с определенными формами насилия. Выявлены особенности физиологических механизмов адаптации и поведения врачей в экстремальной ситуации, в том числе в зависимости от пола врачей и вида экстремальной ситуации. Индивидуальная форма реакции врача на экстремальные ситуации во многом обусловлена подготовленностью, опытом работы, физиологическими и личностными особенностями. Предлагается дополнить действующие программы повышения квалификации врачей теоретическими и практическими учебными модулями для повышения общей коммуникативной компетентности при действиях в нестандартных экстремальных ситуациях. We studied the adaptations of physicians to modern social conditions. We paid a special attention to the attitude of physicians to extreme situations associated with certain forms of violence. Physiological mechanisms of adaptation and behavior of physicians in an extreme situation, gender- and the type of extreme situation-bound, were revealed. The form of the physicians’ reaction to extreme situations is related to a number of factors, such as preparedness, work experience, physiological and personal characteristics. We propose to supplement the existing programs for advanced training of physicians with theoretical and practical training modules to increase the general communicative competence in non-standard extreme situations

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Ellis, Ralph D. "Ray Jackendoff's phenomenology of language as a refutation of the 'appendage' theory of consciousness." Pragmatics and Cognition 4, no. 1 (January 1, 1996): 125–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/pc.4.1.11ell.

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Since Jackendoff has shown that language facilitates abstract and complex thought by making possible subtle manipulations of the focus of attention, and since the kind of attention relevant here is attention to aspects of intentional objects in conscious awareness, it follows that the abstract and complex thinking that language facilitates owes much to the working of a conscious process. This, however, conflicts with Jackendoff's view of consciousness as something which does not play a direct part in thinking, but is only a byproduct of a non-conscious computational process in the brain which does the real thinking. I argue that, since Jackendoff s phenomenology of language shows that attention plays such an important part in thinking, yet language can help us attend only to what we are conscious of consciousness does play an important part in thinking. Moreover, consciousness cannot be merely an epiphenomenal byproduct separable in principle from underlying physical mechanisms, because this would imply that consciousness itself is not physical, which would lead to dualism. But if consciousness is inseparable from its physiological substratum, then it also causes whatever effects the physiological substratum causes.

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PEREIRA, J. A. P., I. J. C. VIEIRA, M. S. M. FREITAS, C. L. PRINS, M. A. MARTINS, and R. RODRIGUES. "Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi onCapsicumspp." Journal of Agricultural Science 154, no. 5 (July 28, 2015): 828–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859615000714.

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SUMMARYThe benefits of mycorrhizal inoculation on growth, yield and nutrition of plants are well documented. However, mycorrhiza use in pepper and sweet pepper crops (Capsicumspp.) is still rarely exploited compared to other crops of economic importance. The current paper reviews the main aspects of the association between arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and plants of pepper and sweet pepper. It includes topics about the effects of AM fungi on nutrition, growth and yield inCapsicumspp., paying particular attention to AM fungi–pathogen interactions, responses to some environmental stresses, as well as biochemical and physiological aspects of AM fungi–plant interaction inCapsicum annuumL.

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Mlyczyńska, Ewa, Marta Kieżun, Patrycja Kurowska, Monika Dawid, Karolina Pich, Natalia Respekta, Mathilde Daudon, et al. "New Aspects of Corpus Luteum Regulation in Physiological and Pathological Conditions: Involvement of Adipokines and Neuropeptides." Cells 11, no. 6 (March 10, 2022): 957. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells11060957.

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The corpus luteum is a small gland of great importance because its proper functioning determines not only the appropriate course of the estrous/menstrual cycle and embryo implantation, but also the subsequent maintenance of pregnancy. Among the well-known regulators of luteal tissue functions, increasing attention is focused on the role of neuropeptides and adipose tissue hormones—adipokines. Growing evidence points to the expression of these factors in the corpus luteum of women and different animal species, and their involvement in corpus luteum formation, endocrine function, angiogenesis, cells proliferation, apoptosis, and finally, regression. In the present review, we summarize the current knowledge about the expression and role of adipokines, such as adiponectin, leptin, apelin, vaspin, visfatin, chemerin, and neuropeptides like ghrelin, orexins, kisspeptin, and phoenixin in the physiological regulation of the corpus luteum function, as well as their potential involvement in pathologies affecting the luteal cells that disrupt the estrous cycle.

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Cholilah, Indah Roziah. "WORKPLACE WELL-BEING BERKONTRIBUSI DALAM MENINGKATKAN ENGAGEMENT KARYAWAN (STUDI LITERATUR)." Jurnal Al-Tatwir 6, no. 1 (October 31, 2019): 77–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.35719/altatwir.v6i1.6.

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Human resources are the most important factor in achieving organizational goals. However, sometimes some kinds of problems ranging from work pressure, low-paying salary, conflicts with colleagues, lack of organizational attention and appreciation, also bullying are often faced by these human resources, especially employees. Such problems can trigger stress on these employees. Therefore, the existing employees need to be perceived significant, not only from physiological aspects but also their psychological aspects. Individuals who are physiologically and psychologically secure will have better skills in determining attitudes, behavior and making decisions. Well-being is more than just happiness and pleasure. Well-being or a feeling of comfort in the workplace (workplace well-being) includes health which covers physiological and psychological symptoms related to the medical context. Prosperous employees will influence their personal growth, life goals, dynamic relationships establishment with the surrounding environment and the ability to make positive social contributions. Employees who have high prosperity level at work will become more cooperative, punctual, efficient, have low chance of slacking off and can work longer hours at the company. Employees will be more enthusiastic in working, displaying high dedication and being able to concentrate fully in carrying out their duties and responsibilities. The well-being felt by employees will create positive emotional situations for their work, and become more meaningful. In the end, employees will become more emotionally attached to their workplaces.

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Cook, Robert, Glenn Gardner, and Anne Gardner. "A national survey: transporting patients within Australian hospitals." Australian Health Review 23, no. 4 (2000): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah000108.

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A telephone survey was conducted to describe current practices and policies of patient transport in Australian hospitals.The survey had a 94% response rate. Results showed considerable variability and ambiguity throughout the samplein both practice and policy. Findings also indicated that criteria used for transport practices were predominantlyshaped by physiological and technological considerations. Factors related to human and financial resources, as well aspsychological and emotional aspects of the patient's condition, received little attention.

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Vincze, Janos, and Gabriella Vincze-Tiszay. "The Biophysical Modeling of Psychological Aspects." Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 9, no. 5 (May 12, 2022): 90–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.95.12072.

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The notion of stress has became as the same time very popular but is sometimes used improperly or with many exaggerations especially concerning the recommendations of practical solutions suggested for stress management. The stress producing stimuli, many physiological processes go into action, probably through different paths in close connection; the response is, therefore, an interaction between the organism and his environment. The emotional component takes part in the response reactions through the somatic effect of which it influences the behaviour. The man having lost his last connection with the world grieves duple and his environment must pay great attention not to lose also him. Every medico-surgical intervention belongs to the stress factors. Both contain psychopathological elements and a long psychotherapy accomplished by a specialist is needed, considerate-protective environment for the accommodation in the normal life, for the resocialization. The biological stress is a long succession of active, interactive mutual effect. This relation which always consists of the difference of value-power-intensity is, like an example of today, a chain of action of two fighter during which they get the offensive and defensive conduct in exchanged role. From the point of view of the human individual life the psyche (psychism) is a subsystem. If still we take it out of this relationship with investigational aim then we have to consider it a system.

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Kondrashov, I. A., and V. Mandal. "Nonionic Low-Osmolar Monomeric Iodinated Contrast Material: Some Aspects of use for Computed Tomography in Children." Medical Visualization, no. 6 (December 28, 2017): 118–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.24835/1607-0763-2017-6-118-129.

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Iodine containing contrast media are used much frequently now-a-days for computed tomography examinations in children. The group of non-ionic monomers occupies a special place among modern contrast agents. Low osmolarity and viscosity, electrical neutrality and the highest iodine content of these contrast materials provide the best diagnostic efficacy with minimum risk of adverse reactions. However, characteristic anatomic and physiological aspects of a growing child’s body require additional attention and care during diagnostic procedures with use of such contrast agents. This article presents concise literature review of recent years highlighting practical aspects of nonionic lowosmolar iodinated contrast material use for computed tomography assisted diagnostic examinations in child population.

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Boguszewska-Czubara, Anna, Barbara Budzynska, Krystyna Skalicka-Wozniak, and Jacek Kurzepa. "Perspectives and New Aspects of Metalloproteinases’ Inhibitors in the Therapy of CNS Disorders: From Chemistry to Medicine." Current Medicinal Chemistry 26, no. 18 (September 2, 2019): 3208–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867325666180514111500.

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: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play a key role in remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and, at the same time, influence cell differentiation, migration, proliferation, and survival. Their importance in a variety of human diseases including cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, pulmonary emphysema and fibrotic disorders has been known for many years but special attention should be paid on the role of MMPs in the central nervous system (CNS) disorders. : Till now, there are not many well documented physiological MMP target proteins in the brain but only some pathological ones. Numerous neurodegenerative diseases are a consequence of or result in disturbed remodeling of brain ECM, therefore proper action of MMPs as well as control of their activity may play crucial roles in the development of these diseases. : In the present review, we discuss the role of metalloproteinase inhibitors, from the wellknown natural endogenous tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) to the exogenous synthetic ones like (4-phenoxyphenylsulfonyl)methylthiirane (SB-3CT), tetracyclines, batimastat (BB-94) and FN-439. As the MMP-TIMP system has been well described in physiological development as well as in pathological conditions mainly in neoplastic diseases, the knowledge about the enzymatic system in mammalian brain tissue still remains poorly understood in this context. Therefore, we focus on MMPs inhibition in the context of the physiological function of the adult brain as well as pathological conditions including neurodegenerative diseases, brain injuries, and others.

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Luche, Henrique de Souza, José Antonio Gonzalez da Silva, Luciano Carlos da Maia, and Antonio Costa de Oliveira. "Stay-green: a potentiality in plant breeding." Ciência Rural 45, no. 10 (October 2015): 1755–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20140662.

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Looking at the new demands of the global agricultural scenario, the search for more productive, efficient and stress adapted genotypes has attracted attention of plant breeders regarding plants with improved physiological characteristics. Therefore, the stay-green trait has taken proeminence as an important strategy to overcome the current yield plateaus allied with yield adaptability and stability. This review has aimed to bring light the main aspects of the stay-green character, showing their employment potential of plant breeding.

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Tain, You-Lin, and Chien-Ning Hsu. "Developmental and Early Life Origins of Hypertension: Preventive Aspects of Melatonin." Antioxidants 11, no. 5 (May 8, 2022): 924. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox11050924.

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Hypertension represents a major disease burden worldwide. Abundant evidence suggests that hypertension can originate in early life. Adverse programming processes can be prevented by early life intervention—namely, reprogramming—to avoid developing chronic diseases later in life. Melatonin is an endogenously produced hormone with a multifaceted biological function. Although melatonin supplementation has shown benefits for human health, less attention has been paid to exploring its reprogramming effects on the early life origins of hypertension. In this review, first, we discuss the physiological roles of melatonin in pregnancy, fetal development, and the regulation of blood pressure. Then, we summarize the epidemiological and experimental evidence for the early life origins of hypertension. This is followed by a description of the animal models used to examine early melatonin therapy as a reprogramming strategy to protect against the early life origins of hypertension. A deeper understanding of the developmental programming of hypertension and recent advances in early melatonin intervention might provide a path forward in reducing the global burden of hypertension.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Attention – Physiological aspects'

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