Academic literature on the topic 'Attention – Physiological aspects'
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Journal articles on the topic "Attention – Physiological aspects"
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Benedik, Ľudovít. "Psycho-Physiological Aspects in Karate Sports Preparation." Sport i Turystyka. Środkowoeuropejskie Czasopismo Naukowe 3, no. 2 (2020): 79–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.16926/sit.2020.03.14.
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In the study, we tried to point out, on the basis of comparison conclusions of several research works, how much the psycho-physiological aspects contribute to influencing the conception of sport preparation in terms of the philosophical context of preparation in traditional martial arts. We elucidated the perception of the difference between martial arts and combat sports and emphasized the psychological dimension of training in sports karate in relation to physical training. At the same time, we were looking for relationships that would give us an answer as to which of these aspects are more effective in terms of sports performance. In conclusion, on the basis of a comprehensive content analysis of the findings, we draw attention to the fact that only the mutual correlation of both selected aspects can achieve the desired results in the training of karate practitioners.
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Sturm, Walter. "Functional Anatomy of Intensity Aspects of Attention." Zeitschrift für Neuropsychologie 14, no. 3 (January 2003): 181–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/1016-264x.14.3.181.
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Abstract: Behavioral and PET/fMRI-data are presented to delineate the functional networks subserving alertness, sustained attention, and vigilance as different aspects of attention intensity. The data suggest that a mostly right-hemisphere frontal, parietal, thalamic, and brainstem network plays an important role in the regulation of attention intensity, irrespective of stimulus modality. Under conditions of phasic alertness there is less right frontal activation reflecting a diminished need for top-down regulation with phasic extrinsic stimulation. Furthermore, a high overlap between the functional networks for alerting and spatial orienting of attention is demonstrated. These findings support the hypothesis of a co-activation of the posterior attention system involved in spatial orienting by the anterior alerting network. Possible implications of these findings for the therapy of neglect are proposed.
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HEISER, P., S. FRIEDEL, A. DEMPFLE, K. KONRAD, J. SMIDT, J. GRABARKIEWICZ, B. HERPERTZDAHLMANN, H. REMSCHMIDT, and J. HEBEBRAND. "Molecular genetic aspects of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder." Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews 28, no. 6 (October 2004): 625–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2004.09.010.
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Spikman, Jacoba M. "Social Attention." Zeitschrift für Neuropsychologie 14, no. 3 (January 2003): 171–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/1016-264x.14.3.171.
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Abstract: Many TBI patients suffer from cognitive impairments, affecting their abilities to function on a previous level. However, some patients exhibit personality changes, manifesting themselves in inadequate or inappropriate social behavior, which are considered to have even more debilitating consequences on successful social and vocational rehabilitation. The term “impaired social attention” was put forward by Dr. van Zomeren as a description of a part of these problems: Patients' analysis of social situations seems incomplete, and they seem to lack awareness of consequences of their actions. In this paper the concept of social attention will be explored, whereby it is hypothesized that impaired social attention results from underlying emotional impairments. Two aspects of emotional behavior are considered essential prerequisites for intact social attention: The ability to perceive emotional expressions of others, and the ability to form a Theory of Mind (ToM). The literature will be reviewed in order to find out whether these aspects are impaired in TBI patients.
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Fossella, John A., Tobias Sommer, Jin Fan, Don Pfaff, and Michael I. Posner. "Synaptogenesis and heritable aspects of executive attention." Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews 9, no. 3 (2003): 178–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrdd.10078.
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Friedman, Sara R., Lisa J. Rapport, Mark Lumley, Angela Tzelepis, Amy VanVoorhis, Lawrence Stettner, and Laura Kakaati. "Aspects of social and emotional competence in adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder." Neuropsychology 17, no. 1 (January 2003): 50–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0894-4105.17.1.50.
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Siéroff, Éric, Charlotte Joly, and Henri Lenoir. "Cognitive aspects of attention deficits in Alzheimer's disease." Gériatrie et Psychologie Neuropsychiatrie du Viellissement 18, no. 4 (December 2020): 419–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1684/pnv.2020.0898.
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McKay, Kathleen E., Jeffrey M. Halperin, Susan T. Schwartz, and Vanshdeep Sharma. "Developmental analysis of three aspects of information processing: Sustained attention, selective attention, and response organization." Developmental Neuropsychology 10, no. 2 (January 1994): 121–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/87565649409540572.
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Orr, William C., and C. L. Chen. "IV. Clinical and physiological aspects of gastrointestinal motility and aging." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 283, no. 6 (December 1, 2002): G1226—G1231. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00276.2002.
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The gastrointestinal motility changes that occur as a function of age are reviewed herein. Careful attention must be given in any review of aging phenomena to exclude, or at least be cognizant of, the many comorbid conditions that can alter physiological functioning in older adults. The dramatic increase in life expectancy over the past 10–15 years demands that clinicians be aware of the various physiological and clinically relevant changes that occur with age. Gastrointestinal motility changes associated with age are relatively subtle, and in many instances only conflicting data exist. As the older adult population increases, and as the control of disease is improved, much more work needs to be done to understand the true effects of aging on gastrointestinal functioning.
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Veltman, Johanna C., Wiebo H. Brouwer, Adriaan H. van Zomeren, and Peter C. van Wolffelaar. "Central executive aspects of attention in subacute severe and very severe closed head injury patients: Planning, inhibition, flexibility, and divided attention." Neuropsychology 10, no. 3 (July 1996): 357–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0894-4105.10.3.357.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Attention – Physiological aspects"
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Wong, Ting-ting Natalie. "Sustained attention in schizophrenia." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B29727686.
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Johnson, Jennifer Adrienne. "The behavioral and neural correlates of bimodal selective and divided attention to incongruent audiovisual events /." Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=111851.
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Humans live in a world rich in multisensory information. Often information reaching one sense is completely unrelated to information reaching another sense; that is, they are spatially and temporally incongruent. The goal of the research presented in this thesis was to elucidate the behavioral and neural bases of attention to incongruent audiovisual information. Five issues were addressed: (1) developing an appropriate behavioral paradigm to test bimodal attention, (2) understanding the role of crossmodal suppression in unimodal attention, (3) exploring the interaction of auditory and visual sensory cortex during bimodal selective attention, (4) exploring the role of fronto-parietal networks in bimodal selective attention, and (5) exploring the neural correlates of bimodal divided attention. Two different behavioral paradigms demonstrated that attended information was remembered better than unattended information. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) revealed that crossmodal suppression of sensory cortex subserving a non-presented modality occurred consistently during unimodal attention tasks, and increased with attentional demand. During bimodal selective attention, activity was often enhanced in sensory cortex subserving an attended modality and suppressed in sensory cortex subserving an unattended modality, both compared to a bimodal passive baseline. This interaction depended in part on attentional demand and the nature of the stimulus information. No prefrontal regions were consistently activated by bimodal selective attention; however, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) was recruited during one of the bimodal divided attention paradigms. Furthermore, temporary inactivation of the DLPFC using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) led to decreased bimodal divided attention performance using the same paradigm. However, using a different bimodal divided attention paradigm, DLPFC was not recruited and instead ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC) showed task-induced deactivation. This divergence is explained by the unique requirements of the two bimodal divided attention paradigms. Overall, these findings provide improved understanding of how humans process and attend to multisensory information, and raise several questions for further investigation.
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Siegle, Greg Jeremy. "Cognitive and physiological aspects of attention to personally relevant negative information in depression /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p9935457.
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De, Gray Birch Casey. "The effects of sustained attention, workload and task-related fatigue on physiological measures and performance during a tracking task." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005198.
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Despite extensive research into the concept of mental fatigue there is as yet no “gold standard” definition or measurement technique available. Because of this a large amount of fatigue-related errors are still seen in the workplace. The complexity of the problem lies with the inability to directly measure mental processes as well as the various endogenous and exogenous factors that interact to produce the experienced fatigue. Fatigue has been divided into sleep-related and task-related fatigue; however the task-related aspect is evident both during normal waking hours as well as during periods of sleep deprivation, therefore this aspect is considered important in the understanding of fatigue in general. The concept of task-related fatigue has further been divided into active and passive fatigue states; however differentiation between the two requires careful consideration. Various physiological measures have been employed in an attempt to gain a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in the generation of fatigue, however often studies have produced dissociating results. The current study considered the task-related fatigue elicited by a tracking task requiring sustained attention, in order to evaluate the usefulness of various cardiovascular and oculomotor measures as indicators of fatigue. A secondary aim was to determine whether the behavioural and physiological parameter responses could be used to infer the type of fatigue incurred (i.e. an active versus passive fatigue state) as well as the energetical mechanisms involved during task performance. A simple driving simulator task was used as the main tracking task, requiring constant attention and concentration. This task was performed for approximately two hours. Three experimental groups (consisting of 14 subjects each) were used: a control group that performed the tracking task only, a group that performed a five minute auditory memory span task concurrently with the driving task after every 20 minutes of pure driving, and a group that performed a visual choice reaction task for five minutes following every 20 minute driving period. The secondary tasks were employed in order to evaluate the extent of resource allocation as well as arousal level. Performance measures included various driving performance parameters, as well as secondary task performance. Physiological measures included heart rate frequency (HR) and various time- and frequency-domain heart rate variability (HRV)parameters, pupil dilation, blink frequency and duration, fixations, and saccadic parameters as well as critical flicker fusion frequency (CFFF). The Borg CR-10 scale was used to evaluate subjective fatigue during the task, and the NASA-TLX was completed following the task. A decline in driving performance over time was supplemented by measures such as HR, HRV and pupil dilation indicating an increase in parasympathetic activity (or a reduction in arousal). An increase in blink frequency was considered as a sign of withdrawal of attentional resources over time. Longer and faster saccades were also evident over time, coupled with shorter fixations. With regards to the secondary task influence, the choice RT task did not affect any behavioural or physiological parameters, thereby contesting the active fatigue theory of resource depletion, as well as implying that the increase in demand for the same resources used by the primary task was insufficient to affect the state of the subjects. The increased load elicited by the memory span task improved driving performance and increased measures of HR, HRV, pupil dilation and blink frequency. Some of these measures produced opposite effects to what was expected; an attempt to explain the dissociation of the various physiological parameters was expressed in terms of arousal, effort and resource theories. Overall, the results indicate that the fatigue and/or reduced arousal accompanying a monotonous sustained attention task can, to some degree, be alleviated through intermittent performance of a secondary task engaging mental resources other than the ones used for the primary task. The degree to which such a task is beneficial, however, requires careful consideration as while an immediate increase in arousal and primary task performance is noted, the impact of the task on general attentional resources may be detrimental in the case of reacting should an emergency situation occur.
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Berman, Tamara. "Effects of methylphenidate on complex cognitive : processing in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0023/NQ50112.pdf.
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Joshi, Aditi A. "Effects of meditation training on attentional networks: A randomized controlled trial examining psychometric and electro-physiological (EEG) measures." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/8452.
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x, 133 p. ; ill. (some col.) A print copy of this title is available through the UO Libraries under the call number: SCIENCE QP405 .J67 2007Meditation has been defined as a "group of practices that self-regulate the body and mind, thereby affecting mental events by engaging a specific attentional set" (Cahn & Polich, 2006). We conducted a randomized, longitudinal trial to examine the effects of concentrative meditation training (40 min/day, 5 days/week for 8 weeks) on top-down, voluntary control of attention with a progressive muscle relaxation training group as a control. To determine if training produced changes in attentional network efficiency we compared, pre- and post-training, mean validity effect scores (difference between invalid cue and center cue reaction time) in the contingent capture paradigm (Folk et al., 1992). The meditation group showed a trend towards improvement of top-down attention while the relaxation group did not. Using EEG we assessed the changes in amplitudes of wavelets during periods of mind-wandering and meditation. Periods in which subjects were on- vs. off-focus during the meditation task were identified by asking subjects to make button presses whenever the mind wandered and also at probe tones, if they were off-focus. After training, the episodes of mind-wandering were significantly lower in the meditation group as compared to the relaxation group. Increased amplitudes of alpha and theta EEG frequencies in the occipital and right parietal areas were seen during the meditation task for the meditation but not the relaxation group as an effect of training. A baseline EEG trait effect of reduced mental activity was seen (meditation training: occipital and right parietal areas; relaxation training: only occipital areas). Within a given meditation session, prior to training, alpha and theta activity was lower in on-focus conditions (occurring immediately after subjects discovered they were off-focus and returned to active focus on the breath/syllable) compared to meditative focus segments. After training, we found higher alpha amplitude in periods of meditative focus as compared to periods of mind wandering for both groups. However, the meditation group showed significantly higher theta amplitude than the relaxation group during the meditative state segments.
Adviser: Marjorie Woollacott
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Stanislaus-Carter, Rudi. "Behavioural examination of the role of the thalamic reticular nucleus in attention." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/16298.
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The ability to selectively attend to aspects of the environment which signal opportunity or danger, while marginalising irrelevant stimuli is critical to an animal's survival. With finite cognitive resources, the brain must dedicate resources to only those stimuli that are biologically significant. Incoming thalamic information must therefore be filtered. The thalamic reticular nucleus has long been considered critically involved in modulating thalamic sensory processing. Sharing connections with both the thalamus and cortex, it is ideally located to modulate the transfer of pertinent incoming sensory information. This thesis sought to determine the functional role of the thalamic reticular nucleus in attentional processes by combining lesion techniques and well established behavioural paradigms. Chapter 3 examined the role of visual thalamic reticular nucleus lesions on performance in a two-alternative forced choice reaction time task when auditory distractors were presented. No effect of the lesion was found. Chapter 4 examined excitotoxic lesions of thalamic retlcular nucleus on performance in the 7-stage attentional set shifting task. No effect of lesion on performance was found. Chapter 5 examined mediodorsal thalamus and rostral thalamic reticular nucleus lesions on performance in the attentional set shifting task. Despite strong connectivity with prefrontal regions known to be involved in this task, there was no effect of either lesion. Finally, chapter 6 examined the effects of reducing dopamine input into the thalamic reticular nucleus on a two alternative forced choice reaction time task. Following bilateral lesions the animals were impaired in the re-orientation of attention – suggesting a critical role for both the thalamic reticular nucleus and dopamine in attentional processes. Taken together, these results suggest that while the thalamic reticular nucleus is involved in attention, it is not involved in every aspect.
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Petrof, Iraklis. "Behavioural investigation of the role of caudal thalamic reticular nucleus in attention." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/373.
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The thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN), and especially its caudal, sensory-related, half (cTRN), has been hypothesised for years to be at the very heart of thalamic sensory processing modulation, and attentional processes in particular. Very limited behavioural evidence is available, nonetheless, in support of such a functional attribution. In this thesis we carried out a series of investigations, combining immunocytochemical and lesion techniques with tests of behaviour, in order to examine the potential role of cTRN in attention and identify the attentional processes, if any, that it is more likely to contribute to. In chapter II, we looked at the Fos activation levels within modality-specific sectors of cTRN following attentive behaviours to stimulation of different modalities. We observed a selective activation of the visual sector of cTRN in visually attentive animals but not in tactilely attentive, yet visually stimulated, animals, thus demonstrating an involvement of that area in processes of visual attention. In chapter III we looked at the role of cTRN in cross-modal expressions of divided attention. We found that its removal, through neurotoxic lesioning, did not result in any behavioural costs with regard to the division of attention. Detriments in response accuracy, however, suggested that cTRN may be involved in stimulus processing enhancement operations, unrelated with the division of attention. Finally, in chapters IV and V, we looked at the effects of lesions of the visual sector of cTRN (TRNvis) on the ability to orient attention covertly within visual space. We found that the removal of TRNvis did not affect visual covert orienting behaviour, both when this is triggered by exogenous and endogenous means. Overall our results suggest that even though cTRN appears to be involved in some aspects of attention, it does not represent a necessary structure for the generation and operation of certain other forms of attention.
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Lee, Kangsoo, and 李岡洙. "Using EEG methodology to examine the effect of exercise induced fatigue on the direction of attention during motor skill performance." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/206744.
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Exercise induced fatigue can have a negative impact on motor skill performance. While part of the decline is attributable to physiological factors that directly influence the coordination of movement, psychological factors may also contribute. Typically, motor learning environments encourage the accumulation of task-relevant declarative knowledge, which can be depended on to consciously support performance. The literature suggests that skills learnt in this way are vulnerable to demanding performance environments, including those in which the performer is fatigued. Recent empirical work has demonstrated that ‘implicit’ motor learning environments, devised to limit declarative knowledge buildup and/or dependence on working memory, promote resilient skill performance even after exhaustive fatigue protocols. Such findings imply that dependence on declarative knowledge to support motor skill execution may be a limiting factor under physiologically fatigue. However, it remains unclear the effect fatigue has on attentional resources, such as working memory.
Using established experimental paradigms and EEG methodology, a research project was designed to investigate. Two explanations were considered: (1) fatigue distracts attention away from the control of movement or (2) fatigue directs attention to the skill, which interferes with automated control of the movement. In this study novice participants were allowed to freely accumulate declarative knowledge before completing a targeted muscle-fatigue protocol. A probe response paradigm assessed participants’ ability to recall the position of movement at the time a tone sounded, under the assumption that better recall reflects skill-focused attention. Neural activity was monitored by wireless EEG technology. Neural co-activation (or coherence) between brain regions associated with motor planning (Fz or F3) and with verbal-analytical processing (T3) has been suggested to reflect conscious control of motor skills. Therefore, a fatigue induced increase in T3-F3 coherence can be interpreted as increased conscious involvement in movement control, whereas, a decrease suggests a shift of attention away from movement control. The data collected suggests that to some extent fatigue raises visual-spatial and verbal-analytical contributions to motor control, but highlights methodological issues and limitations of the work.published_or_final_version
Human Performance
Master
Master of Philosophy
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Shue, Karen L. "Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and the frontal lobe syndrome." Thesis, McGill University, 1989. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=74239.
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The usefulness of frontal lobe (FL) dysfunction as a conceptual model for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) was investigated. Twenty-four ADHD and 24 normal control (NC) children were tested using tasks sensitive to FL deficits in motor control and problem solving skills and memory tasks sensitive to temporal lobe (TL) dysfunction. ADHD children differed significantly from NCs on measures of FL function, but not on tests of TL functions. Wherever norms were available for normal children on the same FL tests, ADHD subjects performed like 6 to 7 year olds, in spite of their mean age of 10 years and minimum age of 8 years. The differential performance of ADHD children on tasks sensitive to FL and TL damage supports the conceptualization of ADHD deficits as analogous to FL dysfunction and implies that deficits are not explained by reference to generalized impairment.
Books on the topic "Attention – Physiological aspects"
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Cogntive neuroscience of attention. 2nd ed. New York, NY: Guilford Press, 2012.
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1949-, Lyon G. Reid, and Krasnegor Norman A, eds. Attention, memory, and executive function. Baltimore: P.H. Brookes Pub. Co., 1996.
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Thomas, Habekost, ed. Principles of visual attention: Linking mind and brain. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008.
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Löffler, Petra. Verteilte Aufmerksamkeit: Eine Mediengeschichte der Zerstreuung. Zürich: Diaphanes, 2014.
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Störungen der Aufmerksamkeit bei Schizophrenie: Untersuchungen zum Einfluss wechselnder Stimulusmodalitäten auf die Reaktionslatenzen Schizophrener. Frankfurt am Main: P. Lang, 1992.
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A, Farber D., ed. Neĭrofiziologicheskie mekhanizmy vnimanii͡a: Ontogeneticheskoe issledovanie. Leningrad: Izd-vo "Nauka," Leningradskoe otd-nie, 1985.
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author, Kaufeldt Martha 1954, ed. The motivated brain: Improving student attention, engagement, and perseverance. Alexandria, Virginia, USA: ASCD, 2015.
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Dore, Wynford. Dyslexia and ADHD: The miracle cure. London: John Blake, 2012.
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Wynford, Dore, ed. Dyslexia and ADHD: The miracle cure. London: John Blake, 2008.
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Rimland, Bernard. Dyslogic syndrome: Why millions of kids are 'hyper', attention-disordered, learning disabled, depressed, aggressive, defiant, or violent - and what we can do about it. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers, 2008.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Attention – Physiological aspects"
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Nascimento, Vitor, Glauco Nogueira, Gabriel Monteiro, Waldemar Júnior, Joze Melissa Nunes de Freitas, and Cândido Neto. "Influence of Heavy Metals on the Nitrogen Metabolism in Plants." In Nitrogen in Agriculture - Physiological, Agricultural and Ecological Aspects [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.97759.
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As an essential element, Nitrogen is needed in large quantities for being an important component of cellular constituents and for plant metabolism, and its deficiency is one of the most common limitations for plant development. The study of the toxic effects of metal in plants involves a complex system of reactions that can be better determined once having a large attention of the different backgrounds of occurence to determinate how to proceed. The objective of this review is to add scientific knowledge, addressing the main functionalities and characteristics of this relation heavy metals – nitrogen metabolism in plant. Increasing industrialization and urbanization had anthropogenic contribution of heavy metals in biosphere and had largest availability in ecosystems. This toxicity in plants varies with plant species, specific metal, concentration, soil composition, as many heavy metals are considered to be essential for plant growth. Were provided data and reviews regarding the effect of heavy metals on nitrogen metabolism of plants and the responses of plants and the cross-talk of heavy metals and various stressors factors. Is clear to understand the relation between metals amount and the benefit or harm caused on plants, determining then, which mechanism should be activated to protect your physiological system.
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Hasanuzzaman, Mohammad. "Salt Stress Tolerance in Rice and Wheat: Physiological and Molecular Mechanism." In Plant Defense Mechanisms [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.101529.
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Salinity is a major obstacle to global grain crop production, especially rice and wheat. The identification and improvement of salt-tolerant rice and wheat depending upon the genetic diversity and salt stress response could be a promising solution to deal with soil salinity and the increasing food demands. Plant responses to salt stress occur at the organismic, cellular, and molecular levels and the salt stress tolerance in those crop plant involving (1) regulation of ionic homeostasis, (2) maintenance of osmotic potential, (3) ROS scavenging and antioxidant enzymes activity, and (4) plant hormonal regulation. In this chapter, we summarize the recent research progress on these four aspects of plant morpho-physiological and molecular response, with particular attention to ionic, osmolytic, enzymatic, hormonal and gene expression regulation in rice and wheat plants. Moreover, epigenetic diversity could emerge as novel of phenotypic variations to enhance plant adaptation to an adverse environmental conditions and develop stable stress-resilient crops. The information summarized here will be useful for accelerating the breeding of salt-tolerant rice. This information may help in studies to reveal the mechanism of plant salt tolerance, screen high efficiency and quality salt tolerance in crops.
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Lane, Sean M., and Kate A. Houston. "Emotion and Stress." In Understanding Eyewitness Memory, 100–125. NYU Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479842513.003.0006.
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Emotion provides motivation for action, communicates our internal reactions to other people, draws our attention to stimuli that elicit emotional arousal, and often leads certain events to stand out in memory relative to nonemotional ones. Stress describes the physical responses we have in response to potential threats in the environment. Emotional arousal and stress often accompany exposure to eyewitness events and thus are likely to influence these memories. There is a substantial basic research literature that has probed the psychological and physiological mechanisms by which emotional arousal and stress exert their effects. Contrary to common wisdom, emotional arousal and/or stress does not simply strengthen memory and increase retention. Instead, this relationship is more complex. Both aspects can strengthen, impair or have no effect on memory. In this chapter, the current theoretical understanding of the mechanisms by which emotional arousal and stress affect memory are discussed. Both topics provide a good illustration of how physiological, neuroscientific, and psychological mechanisms can be integrated in the context of theory. Together, both streams of research suggest systematic ways that eyewitness memory is likely to be affected by emotional arousal and stress by influencing the accuracy or completeness of a witness’s report.
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Arun, Uma, and Natarajan Sriraam. "Study of Real-Time Cardiac Monitoring System." In Wearable Technologies, 188–98. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-5484-4.ch010.
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Today's healthcare technology provides promising solutions to cater to the needs of patients. The development of wearable physiological monitoring system has reached home-centric patients by ensuring faster healthcare services. The primary advantage of this system is activation of alarms to alert the specialist in a nearby hospital to attend to any sort of emergency. Specifically, cardiac-related problems need special attention when a 24-hour Holter monitors ECG signals and identifies the level of abnormalities under various circumstances. Although several brands of Holters exist in market, there is a huge demand for digitized Holter recorders. These recorders can simultaneously analyse cardiac signals in real time mode and store the data and reuse them for next 24 hours. As home-centric based wearable cardiac monitoring system gains much attention recently, there is a need to design and develop a cardiac monitoring system by establishing a trade-off between the required clinical diagnostic quality and cost. This research study highlights a comprehensive survey of various cardiac monitoring systems under wire, wireless and wearable modes. This provides an insight into the need of the hour in bringing a cost-effective wearable system. The study provides an insight of the technological aspects of the existing cardiac monitoring system and suggests a viable design suitable for developing countries.
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Dillow, Megan R., and Amanda Denes. "Forgiveness for a Partner’s Infidelity." In The Oxford Handbook of Infidelity, 415—C19.P298. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780197502891.013.22.
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Abstract This chapter offers a brief treatment of infidelity as a major relational transgression and discusses several types of infidelity (i.e., sexual, emotional, communicative, and same-sex infidelity). It overviews numerous aspects of granting forgiveness, beginning with a summary of the various conceptualizations of forgiveness, including motivation-based, therapeutic, and communicative perspectives. The measurement of forgiveness is considered, including assessments of forgiveness at varying levels of specificity. Common correlates and predictors of granting forgiveness are identified, including dispositional, situational, physiological, physical, relationship, and social network considerations. Interventions that encourage forgiveness are presented, such as the decision-based model of forgiveness of marital infidelity and the integrative model of forgiveness. Cross-cultural similarities and differences with regard to the antecedents of forgiveness are acknowledged, although available research is limited primarily to Western cultures at this point. Typical strategies for communicating forgiveness to a transgressor are identified, including direct, indirect, and conditional tactics. The limited research on seeking forgiveness is also reviewed by way of an analysis of offender behavior that is most likely to elicit forgiveness (e.g., sincerely apologizing, displaying remorse, taking responsibility). Finally, the chapter concludes with a discussion of the consequences of forgiveness for both the forgiver and the offender, including physical, physiological, psychological, and relational outcomes. Attention is given to the potential dark side of forgiveness, such as exploitation risk for the forgiver, the possibility of prolonging an unhealthy relationship, and compromised extradyadic relationships with close friends and family members who disagree with the decision to forgive the offender.
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Havé, Laurence, Anne-Emmanuelle Priot, Laure Pisella, Gilles Rode, and Yves Rossetti. "Unilateral body neglect: schemas versus images?" In Body Schema and Body Image, 244–66. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198851721.003.0015.
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Unilateral spatial neglect has been extensively described for visual and representational manifestations but tactile and motor manifestations as well as body neglect point to bodily manifestations of this neurological condition. This chapter reviews the perceptual, motoric and high-level representational symptoms manifested in neglect patients and attempt to classify them according to the body image/schema framework. One puzzling aspect of the wide spectrum of body neglect symptoms is that physiological bottom-up maneuvers, such as prism adaptation, which act at the level of body schema, do also efficiently improve body image manifestations of neglect. This relationship allows us to elaborate on the dialectical relationships between body image and body schema. Thus, understanding body neglect in terms of diagnosis, evaluation, physiopathology and therapeutics through the dynamical interactions between body schema and body neglect, provide perspectives to manage other lateralized body troubles, neglect-like manifestations of bodily attention or distorted representations.
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Brüne, Martin. "Trauma- and stressor-related disorders." In Textbook of Evolutionary Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, 216–25. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med:psych/9780198717942.003.0013.
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Trauma- and stressor-related disorders occur following exposure to a traumatic or other stressful event. They differ according to the timing of exposure and age at manifestation. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) develops following exposure to actual or threatened death, serious injury, or sexual assault. Intrusions, distressing dreams, dissociative reactions (flashbacks), intense psychological distress, and physiological stress responses at exposure to internal of external cues that symbolize aspects of the traumatic event are typical for PTSD. Behaviourally, PTSD reflects a strategy of defence involving avoidance, attentive immobility, withdrawal, aggressive defence, appeasement, and tonic immobility, some of which are ancient vertebrate heritage. These defence mechanisms are preceded by heightened vigilance and risk assessment. Persistent stress responses often occur when important biosocial goals had been thwarted by the traumatic event. Species with long life-history patterns may be more vulnerable to developing PTSD than species with short life cycles.
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Kumari, Sweta, Swati Manohar, Priyanjali Kumari, Veda Krishnan, Chirag Maheshwari, Sneh Narwal, Om Prakash Gupta, Vinutha T. Gowda, Navita Bansal, and Anil Dahuja. "The Role of Major Phenolics in Apple to Total Antioxidant Capacity." In Apple Cultivation - Recent Advances [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.109064.
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The naturally occurring phenolic compounds have received major attention in recent years as huge amounts of phenolic compounds can be extracted from fruits, vegetables and beverages that have substantial health benefits. From a physiological and metabolic aspect, phenolic compounds are vital in defence responses, such as anti-ageing, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and anti-proliferative, anti-bacterial, anti-hyperlipidemic, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, neuroprotective, cardioprotective activities. Among the fruits having a higher content of phenolic compounds, the apple (Malus Domestica) is the most widely consumed fruit in the world. Apples have a high nutritional value as it is a rich source of ascorbic acid, polyphenols and pectin. Apple peel forms a small percentage (6–8%) of the total fruit weight and contains the highest content of phenolic compounds, particularly chlorogenic acid. There are five major groups of polyphenolic compounds found in apples namely flavanols (Catechin, Epicatechin and Pyrocyanidins), phenolic compounds, phenolic acids (mainly Chlorogenic acids), dihydrochalcones (Phloretin glycosides), flavonols (Quercetin glycosides) and anthocyanins (Cyanidin). This chapter reviews the chemical properties, mode of action, types, extraction of phenolics in apples and the contribution and role of major phenolics in apples to the total antioxidant capacity.
Conference papers on the topic "Attention – Physiological aspects"
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Sun, Ye, and Zhen Liu. "Human-Centric LED Lighting System Using Ubiquitous Physiological Monitoring." In ASME 2015 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2015-47530.
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The aging population, prevalence of chronic diseases, and depression are some of the major challenges of current healthcare. The smart home monitoring provides a solution of human-centric out-of-hospital care and calls for more attention to improve the comfort of patients. Among home technologies, electric lighting system is ubiquitous and affecting many aspects of human physiology, including not only visual system but also non-image-forming system. The exposure to light can influence various states of human and lead to effective comforting. This paper presents a human-centric smart lighting system controlled by human state using ubiquitous physiological sensor networks. The proposed system, acting as an intelligent home monitoring component, can naturalistically detect human’s state such as intensiveness, sleepiness, and depression. Vital signals including ECG and its secondary parameters can be acquired by non-intrusive physiological sensors and wirelessly transmitted to a control system. The color of LED can be controlled by the detected human state and adjusted to emotional comfort. The results show that different colors of light can influence human’s state.
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Gielo-Perczak, Krystyna. "Multi-Method Systems Modeling and Analysis: Is It Possible to Apply Holistic Design, Linking the Physical and Cognitive Aspects?" In Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics Conference (2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001260.
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The objective of this study is to present relevant data which would support proposed taxonomy and methodology in physical-cognitive based control models of human performance. This approach can be applied directly to the development of emerging worker/user body systems with equal emphasis on biomechanical and cognitive performance. The worker’s biomechanical and physiological responses and functions are not imposed by the environment but are established by the system itself. Thus, there is an emerging need for the concept of a human system with perceptive insight into the complexity of the mutual relationships of the human biomechanical measures and cognitive factors. The description of human operators/users should reflect the biomechanical measures of fatigue and the complexity of brain activity, which includes cognition and the dynamic process of knowing. Many system control problems arise from a lack of attention to the interactions among different human system components in relation to the work/activity environment. In order to predict the ecological connectivity there is an arising necessitation to model the mutual relationships of environment, perception, body sensors and task. The proposed method can be represented in terms of control-theoretical features for quantitative predictions in the various work environment behaviors.
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Szabó, Gyula, and Ákos Jóvér. "Biofeedback Assistant to Improve Control Room Operators Reliability." In Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics Conference. AHFE International, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe100145.
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Control room operators’ reliability is a focal issue in automation not only because of the famous major industrial catastrophes like Chernobyl, Bhopal or Three Mile Island, but because of the high persisting human-related risks in e.g. transport, chemistry, energy plants. Extended research has been made on the genesis and prevention strategies of human error, as well as on the physiological and behavioural aspects of the control room operators performance. The concept presented in this paper includes the “actual attention need of the automation system” which is a prediction based on the general state and trends of the behaviour of the process controlled, and redefines the “expected / desired operator’s state” accordingly. The experimental system presented includes the data acquisition, the data processing, the intervention function and the interface to the automation system. The system monitors the operators’ physiological and behavioural data related to their readiness, the intervention function executes various feedback mechanism, meanwhile the data processing unit chooses the desired actions. This biofeedback assistant helps to improve the whole system reliability, because it can prevent the falling asleep, can detect the absence of the operator, or can initiate an unscheduled system review during under loaded time periods.
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Bordegoni, Monica, Marina Carulli, and Yuan Shi. "Investigating the Use of Smell in Vehicle-Driver Interaction." In ASME 2016 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2016-60541.
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Every year approximately more than one million people die on world’s road. Human factors are the largest contributing factors to the traffic crashes and fatality, and recent researches have identified drivers’ cognitive aspect as the major cause of human errors in 80% of crash events. Thus, the development of countermeasures to manage drivers’ cognitive aspect is an important challenge to address. Driver-Assistance Systems have been developed and integrated into vehicles to acquire data about the environment and the driver, and to communicate information to the driver, usually via the senses of vision and hearing. Unfortunately, these senses are already subjected to high demands, and the visual and auditory stimuli can be underestimate or considered as annoying. However, other sensory channels could be used to elicit the drivers’ cognitive aspect. In particular, smell can impact on various aspects of humans’ psychological state, such as people’s attention level, and can induce activation states in people. The research presented in this paper aims at investigating whether olfactory stimuli, instead of auditory ones, can be used to influence the cognitive aspect of the drivers. For this purpose, an experimental framework has been set up and experimental testing sessions have been performed. The experimental framework is a multisensory environment consisting of an active stereo-projector and a screen used for displaying a video that reproduces a very monotonous car trip, a seating-buck for simulating the car environment, a wearable Olfactory Display, in-ear earphones and the BioGraph Infiniti system for acquiring the subjects’ physiological data. The analysis of the data collected in the testing sessions shows that, in comparison to the relaxation state, olfactory stimuli are effective in increasing subjects’ attention level more than the auditory ones.
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Canina, Marita, Daniela Amandolese, and Carmen Bruno. "Design for Sustainable Behaviour to design an Adaptive Climbing Wall." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001885.
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In recent years, Europe has been moving towards a concept of inclusivity as highlighted by the sixteenth goal of the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals Agenda that promotes peaceful and inclusive societies. (UN Dept. of Global Communications, 2015). The increasing awareness of social diversity has attracted the attention of designers who started to adopt an inclusive design approach and design products or services to be usable by as many people as reasonably possible, without the need for specialised adaptions. The inclusive design approach has been largely applied in adaptive sports to improve levels of functioning and independence in daily living activities and increase physical capability, physiological capacity, social status, and sense of belonging. Adaptive sports can become a way to promote involvement as an active part of the rehabilitation exercise to stimulate neuromotor recovery, particularly in children with disabilities (Canina et al., 2020). Recent research has demonstrated that climbing could be an excellent rehabilitation tool that involves the child with disabilities in a natural way. This sport exploits the propensity to play, to sport, to compete, to stimulate the execution of specific exercises, can transform this effort into a game and multiply the effectiveness of the rehabilitation process (Reljin, V., 2019). An intensive rehabilitation from an early age guarantees the recovery of part of their neuromotor abilities. In order to achieve better results in rehabilitation, adaptive sports must adopt a holistic approach to the user considering both the physical and the psycho-perceptual aspects, i.e. the ability to do it but also the feeling of fulfilment in doing it. However, current climbing walls do not include these aspects of the adaptive sport. An adaptive climbing wall design requires identifying a methodology that could lead to a coherent and effective solution, using explicit attention for inclusiveness. The paper describes the Design for Sustainable Behaviour (DfSB) approach adopted to design an adaptive climbing wall as a tool for the rehabilitation of children with Cerebral Palsy (CP) by identifying the sustainable, inclusive requirements that consider children’s diversity. The DfSb approach, as user- and use-centred design that create preconditions for a sustainable everyday life, considers the sustainability aspects from two essential points of view. The user's sustainable behaviour, in which inclusiveness is a fundamental part of these attitudes, and the product's sustainability that uses new recycled materials create a more natural environment (similar to climbing in natural environments). Indeed, the project considers first the sustainable behavioural aspects, spreading climbing as a tool to improve the health conditions of CP children, introducing them to climbing by making it accessible and inclusive, intending to help children with different abilities to build trust and awareness of their potentialities, and a sense of accomplishment while training problem-solving and decision-making skills. As a second point of DfSB, the climbing wall and holds are designed with sustainable materials (waste material content) that provide the feeling of natural stone considering the entire product lifecycle. This paper shows how the DfSB approach can support the definition of design requirements of a training tool introducing children with CP to climbing as a natural approach to rehabilitation, making it accessible and inclusive. The project brings children with disabilities closer to the adapted sport through an indoor and democratic recreational activity. Bibliography 1. AA.VV. (2020). What is inclusive design? Inclusive Design Toolkit. University of Cambridge. Retrieved from http://www.inclusivedesigntoolkit.com/whatis/whatis.html 2. Canina M., Parise C., Bruno C. (2020). An Inclusive Design Approach for Designing an Adaptive Climbing Wall for Children with CP. 3. DesignCouncil. (2020). What is the framework for innovation? Retrieved from https://www.designcouncil.org.uk/news-opinion/what-framework-innovation-design-councils-evolved-double-diamond 4. Dixon-Fyle, S., Dolan, K., Hunt, V., Prince, S.: Diversity wins! How inclusion matters, pp. 1–12. McKinsey Co. (2020) 5. Persson, H., Åhman, H., Yngling, A. A., & Gulliksen, J. (2015). Universal design, inclusive design, accessible design, design for all: different concepts—one goal? On the concept of accessibility—historical, methodological and philosophical aspects. Universal Access in the Information Society, 14(4), 505–526. 6. Reljin, V. (2019). Effects of Adaptive Sports on Quality of Life in Individuals with Disability. Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects., 822. 7. United Nations Department of Global Communications. (2015). Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.
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Wenli, Liang, and Guo Yongyan. "Gesture Interaction Preference of Healthy APP for Elderly Users." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001726.
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Purpose: With the increase in the number of elderly people, the social problems of aging are becoming more and more prominent, and the consumption for the elderly is forming a larger market, and health issues are more important. Therefore, using smartphones to solve health issues will become an effective measure. At the same time, with the continuous development of information technology, the way of human-computer interaction has gradually changed from buttons and knobs to a way closer to normal communication. Gesture interaction has attracted much attention due to its natural, effective and friendly characteristics. According to the survey, there are currently many types of health apps, but they lack consideration of the needs of the elderly. Today, 28% of the elderly have mastered the use of mobile phones, but there is a big difference in usage habits and physical and psychological needs from young people. It is of great significance to study the gesture interaction preferences of the elderly in the field of health apps. Combining the physiological and psychological characteristics of elderly users, we are committed to developing an exclusive gesture interaction system for elderly users.Methods: Firstly, the theory and current situation of gesture interaction were summarized, and the concept and supporting technology of gesture interaction were clarified. The second part analyzes the characteristics of the elderly population from the aspects of physiology and psychology. The third part draws on the previous research results and summarizes the existing health app gesture operations. The specific interaction gestures are mainly divided into nine types, mainly including: 1. Return, 2. Confirm, 3. Cancel, 4. Move, 5. Delete, 6. Return to home page, 7. Call out multitasking, 8. Zoom in and out, 9. Rotate. Each operation corresponds to a variety of gestures, such as: return includes single-click, right-click, right-swipe on the screen, and so on. Then, through the quantitative method of questionnaire survey, the gesture interaction of the elderly is investigated, so as to obtain the gesture interaction preference of the elderly in the field of health app, and use this as a guide to improve the user experience of the elderly group.Results: For the "Back" task, the "click the 'Back' button" gesture action was the best action; for the "OK" and "Cancel" tasks, the "Click 'OK'" and "Click the 'Cancel' button" actions is the best operation; for the "move" task, the "one-finger press and drag" gesture is the best operation; for the "delete" task, the "long press the target point to delete" gesture operation is the best operation; for the return home page For multitasking and calling out, the best gesture actions are the third: "click the Home button" and "long press the Home button"; for "zoom" and "rotation" tasks, "two-finger pinch" and "two-finger pinch" The "Rotate" gesture operation is the best operation.Conclusion :Through the experiment, the preference of the elderly about the gesture interaction corresponding to 9 kinds of operations in the field of health app is obtained, which provides a better experience for the elderly users, has certain guiding significance, and provides theoretical guidance for designers.
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Tourlomousis, Filippos, Azizbek Babakhanov, Houzhu Ding, and Robert C. Chang. "A Novel Melt Electrospinning System for Studying Cell Substrate Interactions." In ASME 2015 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2015-9443.
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Controlling cell behavior has generated immense attention in the fields of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Particular emphasis has been given to the creation of 3D biomimetic cellular microenvironments that replicate the complex nature of the extracellular matrix (ECM). A key factor that has not been rigorously deconstructed using scalable, layered manufacturing approaches is the structural dimension or scale aspect of in vitro culture models. Melt electrospinning represents a bio-additive manufacturing process that has been relatively under-reported. Although complex in nature, the melt electrospinning process can furnish a 3D cell delivery format with physiologically relevant 3D structural cues. In the present work, poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL) has been chosen as the biomaterial substrate. Rheological studies that guide the design phase of the reported system have been performed for the entire PCL melt processing range, implicating the governing effect of the experimental melt temperature on the scale and the topography in the final processed material. Notable challenges that arise from the nature of the process with respect to the electrospun fiber stability and resolution have been overcome through the design of a novel heating element configuration. In this paper, a reliable biofabrication process with tunable processing of the fiber diameter and alignment is reported. Fundamental parametric studies utilizing the major processing parameters demonstrate the potential for the system to precisely fabricate 3D PCL scaffolds with microstructural features.
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Pâslaru, Ana-Maria, Ana Fulga, Elena Niculet, Laura Florentina Rebegea, Iuliu Fulga, and Anamaria Ciubara. "SUPRACLAVICULAR AND CERVICAL LYMPH NODE METASTASES HAVING CERVICAL CANCER AS STARTING POINT. CASE PRESENTATION." In The European Conference of Psychiatry and Mental Health "Galatia". Archiv Euromedica, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.35630/2022/12/psy.ro.10.
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Introduction: Cervical cancer is the fourth most frequently found cancer among women worldwide. Numerous studies have underlined that persistent infection with human papilloma virus is the most important risk factor, two strains of the same virus – 16 and 18 being responsible for approximately 70% of the cases. Cervical cancer rarely metastasizes in the cervical lymph nodes and this indicates a poor prognosis. Literature data reports an incidence for left supraclavicular M1LYm of 0.1-1.5%. Material and Method: We bring attention to the case of a 44-year-old patient from the rural area who was diagnosed in January 2019 with stage IIIB cervical cancer, represented morphologically by a poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. When admitted, the patient presented clinically with vaginal hemorrhage, intense abdominal and pelvic pain, fatigue, a dynamic, significant weight loss. The physiological personal history revealed nine pregnancies, the first one when she was 16. After pretherapeutic evaluation, the multidisciplinary committee decides performing simultaneous radio-chemotherapy with platinum salts. During the second week of treatment clinical examination revealed left cervical and supraclavicular adenopathy, both documented through imaging evaluation. Lymph node biopsy is done and its histopathological aspect, correlated with the immunohistochemistry profile supports the diagnosis of poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma lymph node metastasis. The initial treatment scheme is maintained, the patient being discharged with clinical remission of cervical and supraclavicular lymph node metastasis. Conclusions: The peculiarity of the case is determined by the distant metastases in the left cervical and supraclavicular lymph nodes, a rare finding during treatment, which was associated with a poor prognosis; in this case treatment was done for palliative purposes. Rapid diagnosis is the main factor that conditions the therapeutic results and chances for healing.
Reports on the topic "Attention – Physiological aspects"
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Bonfil, David J., Daniel S. Long, and Yafit Cohen. Remote Sensing of Crop Physiological Parameters for Improved Nitrogen Management in Semi-Arid Wheat Production Systems. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2008.7696531.bard.
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To reduce financial risk and N losses to the environment, fertilization methods are needed that improve NUE and increase the quality of wheat. In the literature, ample attention is given to grid-based and zone-based soil testing to determine the soil N available early in the growing season. Plus, information is available on in-season N topdressing applications as a means of improving GPC. However, the vast majority of research has focused on wheat that is grown under N limiting conditions in sub-humid regions and irrigated fields. Less attention has been given to wheat in dryland that is water limited. The objectives of this study were to: (1) determine accuracy in determining GPC of HRSW in Israel and SWWW in Oregon using on-combine optical sensors under field conditions; (2) develop a quantitative relationship between image spectral reflectance and effective crop physiological parameters; (3) develop an operational precision N management procedure that combines variable-rate N recommendations at planting as derived from maps of grain yield, GPC, and test weight; and at mid-season as derived from quantitative relationships, remote sensing, and the DSS; and (4) address the economic and technology-transfer aspects of producers’ needs. Results from the research suggest that optical sensing and the DSS can be used for estimating the N status of dryland wheat and deciding whether additional N is needed to improve GPC. Significant findings include: 1. In-line NIR reflectance spectroscopy can be used to rapidly and accurately (SEP <5.0 mg g⁻¹) measure GPC of a grain stream conveyed by an auger. 2. On-combine NIR spectroscopy can be used to accurately estimate (R² < 0.88) grain test weight across fields. 3. Precision N management based on N removal increases GPC, grain yield, and profitability in rainfed wheat. 4. Hyperspectral SI and partial least squares (PLS) models have excellent potential for estimation of biomass, and water and N contents of wheat. 5. A novel heading index can be used to monitor spike emergence of wheat with classification accuracy between 53 and 83%. 6. Index MCARI/MTVI2 promises to improve remote sensing of wheat N status where water- not soil N fertility, is the main driver of plant growth. Important features include: (a) computable from commercial aerospace imagery that include the red edge waveband, (b) sensitive to Chl and resistant to variation in crop biomass, and (c) accommodates variation in soil reflectance. Findings #1 and #2 above enable growers to further implement an efficient, low cost PNM approach using commercially available on-combine optical sensors. Finding #3 suggests that profit opportunities may exist from PNM based on information from on-combine sensing and aerospace remote sensing. Finding #4, with its emphasis on data retrieval and accuracy, enhances the potential usefulness of a DSS as a tool for field crop management. Finding #5 enables land managers to use a DSS to ascertain at mid-season whether a wheat crop should be harvested for grain or forage. Finding #6a expands potential commercial opportunities of MS imagery and thus has special importance to a majority of aerospace imaging firms specializing in the acquisition and utilization of these data. Finding #6b on index MCARI/MVTI2 has great potential to expand use of ground-based sensing and in-season N management to millions of hectares of land in semiarid environments where water- not N, is the main determinant of grain yield. Finding #6c demonstrates that MCARI/MTVI2 may alleviate the requirement of multiple N-rich reference strips to account for soil differences within farm fields. This simplicity will be less demanding of grower resources, promising substantially greater acceptance of sensing technologies for in-season N management.