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1
Sokol'skaya, Elena, and Boris Kochurov. Geoecology of the city: models of environmental quality. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1205961.
Full textAbstract:
The monograph examines the features of studying the geoecological state of urbanized territories, reveals the use of integrated assessment and mapping in urban diagnostics, and finds a solution to geoecological problems on the example of world cities that are leading in the rating for quality of life.
The components of an information and analytical model of the urban environment for assessing the geoecological situation are described; an algorithm for a comprehensive study of the geoecological state aimed at an adequate assessment of the quality of the urban environment. Special attention is paid to the methodology of geoecological assessment of the quality of the urban environment based on multifactor modeling, which allows making recommendations for improving the comfort of living of the population.
It is intended for a wide range of specialists in the field of geoecology of the city, and can also be used as a textbook for students of environmental, natural-geographical, engineering specialties.
2
Odincov, Boris. Models and intelligent systems. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1060845.
Full textAbstract:
The monograph consists of three chapters, the first of which outlines the theoretical foundations of intelligent information systems. Special attention is paid to the disclosure of the term "model" as the intended meaning depends on the understanding of the material. Introduces and examines the new concepts such as the associative and intuitive knowledge while in the creation of intellectual information systems are not used.
The second Chapter contains the analysis of problems of development of artificial intelligence (AI), developed in two directions: classical and statistical. Discusses difficulties in the development of the classical approach, associated with identifying the meaning of words, phrases, text, and formulating thoughts. The analysis of problems arising in the play of imagination and insight, machine understanding of natural language texts, play, verbalization and reflection.
The third Chapter contains examples of the development of intelligent information systems and technologies in practice of management of economic objects. Theoretical bases of construction of information robots designed to support the task hierarchy of the knowledge base and generating control regulations. The technology of their creation and application in the management of the business efficiency of enterprise business processes and its investment activities.
Focused on researchers and developers, AI and intelligent information systems, as well as graduate students and faculty in related academic disciplines.
3
Babeshko, Lyudmila, and Irina Orlova. Econometrics and econometric modeling in Excel and R. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1079837.
Full textAbstract:
The textbook includes topics of modern econometrics, often used in economic research. Some aspects of multiple regression models related to the problem of multicollinearity and models with a discrete dependent variable are considered, including methods for their estimation, analysis, and application. A significant place is given to the analysis of models of one-dimensional and multidimensional time series. Modern ideas about the deterministic and stochastic nature of the trend are considered. Methods of statistical identification of the trend type are studied. Attention is paid to the evaluation, analysis, and practical implementation of Box — Jenkins stationary time series models, as well as multidimensional time series models: vector autoregressive models and vector error correction models. It includes basic econometric models for panel data that have been widely used in recent decades, as well as formal tests for selecting models based on their hierarchical structure. Each section provides examples of evaluating, analyzing, and testing models in the R software environment. Meets the requirements of the Federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation.
It is addressed to master's students studying in the Field of Economics, the curriculum of which includes the disciplines Econometrics (advanced course)", "Econometric modeling", "Econometric research", and graduate students."
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Vavrenyuk, Aleksandr, Viktor Makarov, and Stanislav Kutepov. Operating systems. UNIX bases. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/11186.
Full textAbstract:
In the manual basics command interfey-are covered
са operating systems of UNIX family. Much attention is paid
to practical use of teams of system and opportunities of language
programming, shell provided by a cover. In a grant vklyu-
Chena also some sections devoted to bases administrirova-
niya and to network means of OS. At the end of each section there are questions
for self-checking, the appendix contains a large number at -
mayors of writing of shell-procedures.
The manual is addressed to the students studying the modern
information technologies according to programs of a bachelor degree, and also all,
who wants to master the OS command interface of family independently
UNIX in the shortest possible time.
The edition can also be used as the short reference book on wasps -
new UNIX OS.
5
Naumov, Vladimir. Consumer behavior. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1014653.
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The book describes the basic issues concerning consumer behavior on the basis of the simulation of the decision-making process on buying behavior of customers in the sales area of the store and shopping Internet sites.
The classification of models of consumer behavior, based on research in the area of economic, social and psychological theories and empirical evidence regarding decision-making by consumers when purchasing the goods, including online stores. Methods of qualitative and quantitative research of consumer behavior, fundamentals of statistical processing of empirical data.
Attention is paid to the processes of consumers ' perception of brands (brands) and advertising messages, the basic rules for the display of goods (merchandising) and its impact on consumer decision, recommendations on the use of psychology of consumer behavior in personal sales.
Presents an integrated model of consumer behavior in the Internet environment, the process of perception of the visitor of the company, the factors influencing consumer choice of goods online.
Is intended for preparation of bachelors in directions of preparation 38.03.02 "Management", 38.03.06 "trading business" and can be used for training of bachelors in direction of training 43.03.01 "Service", and will also be useful for professionals working in the field of marketing, distribution and sales.
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Sazhina, Muza. Management of economic crises: problems of theory and practice. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1111365.
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The monograph reveals the possibility and necessity of managing economic crises based on the analysis of the crisis as a form of movement of market processes. The article shows the virtualization of modern Finance, its separation from real production, its transformation into a self-sufficient element of the economy, the emergence of special financial crises in the global world and their negative impact on the real economy. Materials of modern financial and economic crises in different countries of the world economy are used. Special attention is paid to the specifics of crisis processes in Russia and the formation of their management practices.
It is intended for students and postgraduates of the faculty of public administration of the Lomonosov Moscow state University, as well as anyone interested in the problems of managing modern economic crises.
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Hmara, Ivan, and Viktor Strel'nikov. Environmental epidemiology and risk assessment. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1019063.
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The material presented in the textbook is based on modern ideas about environmental epidemiology as an interdisciplinary field of knowledge, the purpose of which is a multi — level study of the "environment-human health"system. Special attention is paid to the issues of risk assessment as an integral part of ecoepidemiological research. It corresponds to the program of the discipline "Environmental Epidemiology", approved by the Scientific and Methodological Council for Environmental Education of UMO Universities. For students in the field of training 05.03.06 "Ecology and nature management", as well as related biological, environmental and medical areas and specialists of the relevant work profiles.
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Kanke, Viktor. History of Philosophy. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/929952.
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The textbook is a sequential course in the history of philosophy. The history of philosophical innovations from antiquity to the present day is considered. The content of the philosophy of Antiquity, the Middle Ages, the Renaissance, Modern times, and the XIX century is presented. Special attention is paid to the main philosophical trends of the twentieth century, as well as Russian philosophy, including the Soviet period. The course is based on the achievements of modern science, as well as analytical philosophy, phenomenology, hermeneutics, poststructuralism and other major philosophical trends of our time. The theory of conceptual transduction is used. It is intended for bachelors studying in the enlarged group of training areas 47.00.00 "Philosophy, Ethics and Religious Studies" and other training areas. It is of considerable interest to a wide range of readers interested in the development of philosophical knowledge.
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Krivoyekov, Syergyey, and Roman Ayzman. Psychophysiology. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/10884.
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Psychophysiology — the science studying interrelation of mentality of the person and physiological processes. Fundamental knowledge of work of a brain, first of all, of nervous regulation of functions of an organism, the general and specific features of the highest falls within the scope of its interests
nervous activity, the defining character and behavior of the person,
psychophysiological mechanisms of regulation of functional states.
In the book neurophysiological bases of coding and information processing in nervous system, neural mechanisms of feelings, perceptions, memories, training, motivations and emotions, thinking and the speech, attention, consciousness, behavior, mental activity are stated. Separate
the section is devoted to physiological bases of mental changes at various functional, extreme and pathophysiological states (a stress, post-stressful frustration, addiktivny states, depressions, etc.) and to ways of their correction. Authors tried to pay special attention to disclosure of specifics of psychophysiology of the person,
to difference of physiological mechanisms of regulation of mental functions of the person in comparison with model researches on animals.
For simplification of work on discipline and the best digestion of material
the textbook is supplied with the glossary.
For students, undergraduates, graduate students and teachers of psychological and medical faculties of higher education institutions.
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Ksenofontov, Boris, Gennadiy Pavlihin, and Elena Simakova. Industrial ecology. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1017514.
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The basic issues of industrial ecology standards environmental quality, pollution of air and water basins, as well as waste production and possible sources of noise, vibration and electromagnetic radiation.
Provides information about the main methods and devices of protection of the environment from various contaminants, special attention is paid to those which are most commonly used in practice. The principles of developing environmentally friendly technologies and industries based on sustainable use of natural resources and conservation, as well as examples of creation of industrial facilities that have minimal impact on the environment. Much attention is paid to ecological expertise, which is one of the most important ways of identifying environmentally unsound technologies used in various industries.
Meets the requirements of Federal state educational standards of higher education of the last generation.
Is intended for preparation of bachelors in all areas of educational technology and technology in the study of professional discipline "life Safety" (module "environment Protection"), and can also be used by students of the faculty training of specialists in various industries.
11
Fedoscheva, Natal'ya. International law. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/987504.
Full textAbstract:
Based on current Russian legislation, international treaties, and scientific research, the textbook examines in detail the main concepts, categories, branches, and institutions of modern international law. The content of the manual covers the basic conceptual and terminological apparatus of international law and the main problems of its application and interpretation. Special attention is paid to the global problems of our time. Meets the requirements of the Federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation. For students of educational institutions of higher education studying in the direction of training 40.03.01 "Jurisprudence", as well as for graduate students, students of the system of additional professional education, teachers and anyone interested in the development, improvement and implementation of international law.
12
Hvostova, Irina, Aleksey Makarov, and Aleksandr Larin. Non-financial factors in the formation of the company's financial policy: composition, structure, relationships. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1080130.
Full textAbstract:
When implementing the financial policy of the Corporation, the object of attention of owners and managers is increasingly becoming non-financial indicators of the development of modern companies, such as corporate governance characteristics, socio-economic and environmental indicators. Without denying the need to calculate and analyze financial and economic criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of financial policy, the authors of the monograph describe and systematize the composition and structure of non-financial factors of financial policy, based on the theory of Agency relations and the concept of sustainable development. Along with the theoretical analysis of non-financial factors of financial policy formation, the monograph presents the results of their empirical analysis for emerging markets, as well as an empirical analysis of trends in the use of non-financial indicators in modern corporate Finance research. It is intended for a wide range of readers, including researchers, practitioners, postgraduates, applicants and students studying in the fields of "Economics", "Management".
13
Len'kov, Roman. Social forecasting and planning. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1058988.
Full textAbstract:
The tutorial describes the preconditions of sociopragmatics research in Russia on the background of evolutionary processes of social prognostics of the twentieth century. Considered the essential characteristics of social forecasting, its subject and range of issues. Based on analysis of classification schemes methods of scientific forecasting offers the author's approach to classification of methods of social forecasting. Special attention is paid to the description of the characteristics, the specific application and selection procedure of the ways of making social predictions.
Theoretical and applied analysis of the foundations of social design, the direction of its implementation and research methods used for it. The conceptual basis of design in education on the example of the educational process in the University. Given the model structure, rationale and testing of design solutions.
The third edition of the book is dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the State University of management.
Meets the current requirements of the Federal state educational standard of higher education.
For students of higher educational institutions, students of humanitarian directions and specialities.
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Ginzburg, Sergey. English-Russian explanatory dictionary of hockey terms. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/24257.
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The dictionary contains more than 5000 eponymous, acronymic and figurative terms used in such a modern and popular sport in Russia and abroad as ice hockey. Special attention is paid to terms from the field of game technology, its history and rules. The dictionary includes figurative expressions that are actively used in modern hockey. Terminology from the field of sports medicine is widely presented-names of symptoms, syndromes, diseases, injuries that occur in hockey. The dictionary is provided with historical excursions-description of rules, traditions adopted in hockey, stories about famous players of the past, awards given in their honor. The dictionary also contains modern and historical names of hockey arenas in the world, indicating the names of the clubs that play on them, and the main technical characteristics of the arenas. The dictionary provides a wide range of typologies of hockey clubs currently playing and clubs that have become history.
The publication contains a large number of examples of the use of hockey terms in modern sports journalism and scientific literature. These examples are taken from articles by North American sports journalists describing each national hockey League championship game. The book is based on more than thirty years of experience of the author-a professional translator who has been a passionate fan of ice hockey since childhood.
The dictionary is intended for students of higher educational institutions who are studying in bachelor's and master's degrees in the areas of Linguistics, Journalism, Philology, International relations, Advertising and public relations, and Physical culture, as well as for teachers of these areas. This dictionary can also be useful for professional hockey players, coaches, referees, hockey commentators, and specialists. The publication will also be of interest to a wide range of readers who are interested in such a popular and actively developing sport around the world as ice hockey.
15
Serebryakov, Andrey. Ecological geology. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/971374.
Full textAbstract:
The textbook describes complex natural, geological, geographical, hydrogeological and lithological studies based on modern geological and ecological theories and forming the basis of environmental science.
The theoretical views on the ecology of the geological environment are expanded. The tasks of ecological geology and geography, as well as ecological hydrogeology and ecological lithology are substantiated. Attention is paid to the history of geoecological research in the development of new territories. The influence of the tectonic formation of geological structures on the ecological situation of the Earth's lithosphere is studied. The ecological zoning of the lithosphere and hydrosphere is given. The ecological characteristics of sedimentary deposits, which are associated with minerals of important industrial and environmental importance, are given. The ecological properties of various types of mineral raw materials for their application in industry are considered.
Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation.
It is intended for bachelors studying the discipline "Ecological Geology" and Earth sciences, and will also be of interest to environmental specialists in the design and operation of industrial facilities, structures and deposits of natural raw materials.
16
Plaskova, Nataliya. Analysis of financial statements prepared in accordance with IFRS. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1121571.
Full textAbstract:
The textbook introduces modern methods and techniques for analyzing the activities of a commercial organization using the information contained in its financial statements prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards. Considerable attention is paid to the disclosure of calculation and analytical procedures for identifying and quantifying the impact of factors on the level of business performance. The presentation of each chapter is accompanied by practical calculation and analytical materials using the "cross-cutting task" technique, the initial information base of which is the actual financial statements of the company prepared in accordance with IFRS. After each chapter, there are control questions and tests for self-control. The tutorial includes a practical business game in the form of a built-in "Workbook". It is a solution of interrelated tasks using practical materials — the financial statements of a real commercial organization — and illustrates all the methodological methods of analysis contained in the textbook. Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation. For students of higher educational institutions studying under bachelor's and master's degree programs in Economics, as well as teachers and postgraduates of economic specialties, students of the system of professional training and advanced training of accountants, auditors, financial managers, practitioners of financial and analytical services of organizations.
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Boland, Lawrence A. Equilibrium models vs. complexity economics. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190274320.003.0013.
Full textAbstract:
This chapter will critically examine the non-equilibrium-based complexity theory approach to model building. Complexity theory replaces equilibrium-based models with algorithm-based models. Attention will be paid to the work of W. Brian Arthur and the other researchers at the Santa Fe Institute, with a particular assessment of their approach to including knowledge and learning recognition in their alternative to equilibrium models. Topics discussed include complexity economics, technology, increasing returns, diversity, learning, path dependency and evolution. Particular attention is given to the Santa Fe Institutes use of inductive learning to characterize how a market participant acts in the face of incomplete and uncertain information.
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Pearson, Ronald K. Discrete-time Dynamic Models. Oxford University Press, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195121988.001.0001.
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Fueled by advances in computer technology, model-based approaches to the control of industrial processes are now widespread. While there is an enormous literature on modeling, the difficult first step of selecting an appropriate model structure has received almost no attention. This book fills the gap, providing practical insight into model selection for chemical processes and emphasizing structures suitable for control system design.
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Boland, Lawrence A. Equilibrium Models in Economics. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190274320.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
Equilibrium models used in beginning economics classes are based on the equilibrium concept developed by Alfred Marshall, but that concept of an equilibrium does not correspond to the equilibrium concept recognized in modern formal mathematical models taught to graduate students. In both cases, the assumptions needed to produce explanations of economic events are open to question. The assumptions needed to prove the existence of an equilibrium in formal mathematical models are often questioned not only by older model builders but also by today’s formal model builders. This book critically examines both model building cultures by examining the major problematic assumptions employed building equilibrium models with particular attention to the assumptions used to characterize learning, knowledge, and expectations. These assumptions are recognized as essential in any equilibrium model that claims to address the dynamics of decision making. These assumptions are also the object of the critiques provided by those developing evolutionary models and by those promoting the development of complexity economics. Attention is also given to the inadequacies of what is taught to beginning students when it comes to the question of whether equilibrium models can provide a realistic explanation of economic events and objects such as prices, market demands, and market supplies.
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Mitchinson, Ben. Attention and orienting. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199674923.003.0027.
Full textAbstract:
This chapter describes the close relationship between the mental faculty of attention and the physical faculty of orienting, and the importance of this relationship to the construction of artificial biomimetic systems. It reviews the importance of physical orienting to natural motor behavior, which places attention management at the core of all behaviors (“orienting is acting”), and the concomitant social role of physical orienting both in expressing and revealing the focus of a mind. The article highlights the efficiency of top-down and bottom-up processing for behavioral control, using map-based saliency processing as a model, and the suitability of map-based algorithms for parallel or bespoke computation. Given this, and the similar nature of the challenges faced by artificial and natural sensorimotor systems, it is argued that attention management may be a, if not the, key component of future artificial motor control systems.
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Cavanagh, Patrick, Lorella Battelli, and Alex Holcombe. Dynamic Attention. Edited by Anna C. (Kia) Nobre and Sabine Kastner. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199675111.013.016.
Full textAbstract:
The authors review how attention helps track and process dynamic events, selecting and integrating information across time and space to produce a continuing identity for a moving, changing target. Rather than a fixed ‘spotlight’ that helps identify a static target, attention needs a mobile window or ‘pointer’ to track a moving target, picking up pieces of evidence along the way to determine not just what the target is, but what it is doing. Behavioural studies show that this dynamic version of attention is model-based, using familiar trajectories to help identify a target and to guide encoding of continuing input from its path. Attention has very coarse temporal resolution for both static and moving targets. However, when the focus of selection is on the move, a given location on a moving target’s path can be selected for extremely brief instants, as little as 50 ms, compared to the typical ‘dwell time’ or minimum duration of attention selection at a fixed location, of 200 ms or more. To determine the path of a moving object, attention must accurately process and sort the onsets and offsets in order to match an offset to the subsequent onset. This aspect of dynamic attention has been called the ‘when’ pathway and patient studies show that it is a qualitatively different system from spatial attention, being completely based in the right parietal lobe for events in both hemifields. Finally, like the salience map of spatial attention, temporal attention may have its own map that guides allocation to upcoming, current, and recent moments to select information at the appropriate time, changing the experience of time as it does so.
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Appelbaum, Kenneth L., and Kevin R. Murphy. Attention deficit disorders. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199360574.003.0037.
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The diagnosis of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in correctional settings is in itself problematic and quite contentious; treating the disorder more so. Community prevalence studies estimate that 2.5% to 4% of adults in the United States and worldwide meet diagnostic criteria for ADHD. Some research findings suggest that ADHD occurs at far greater prevalence rates among criminal justice populations than in the population at large. The nature of the condition, its assessment, and its management combine to create a perfect storm of potentially vexing challenges for the prison psychiatrist. This chapter reviews those diagnostic and treatment challenges, including the risk of diversion and misuse of controlled substances among inmates. An assessment and treatment model is presented that takes into account and minimizes risk while helping ensure access to care in appropriately selected cases. Some inmates have a compelling need for treatment, potentially including stimulant medications. Neither unbridled use nor complete elimination of stimulants makes good clinical or administrative sense for correctional systems. An approach that relies on current impairment in significant functional areas, meaningful involvement in treatment, and absence of active misuse of substances will allow access to medication for those with verifiable need while lessening the risks associated with prescription of controlled substances in jails and prisons. The issues of differential diagnosis in a population with epidemic substance abuse, the challenges of appropriate management, and an evidence-based treatment model are discussed in this chapter.
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Evans, Steven W., Julie S. Owens, W. John Monopoli, and Kari Benson. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Edited by Thomas H. Ollendick, Susan W. White, and Bradley A. White. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190634841.013.14.
Full textAbstract:
Youth with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder experience impairment across multiple domains of functioning, with the characteristics changing with age. Thus, assessment and treatment must be appropriate for the home and school and relevant to the child’s developmental level. This chapter reviews effective assessment strategies for use with children and adolescents. Psychosocial treatments for children and adolescents are discussed separately, as the approaches with each group differ substantially. For children, strategies with a strong evidence base are described, and innovations and treatment modifications that have been examined recently are showcased. For adolescents, the results of the few randomized clinical trials conducted with this population are reviewed. A theoretical model for how to sequence treatments (i.e., intervention, medication, accommodations) for youth is referenced, and two case studies highlight this model, as well some of the new findings described in this chapter. Implications and recommendations for future research and practice are provided.
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Schroeder, Charles E., Jose L. Herrero, and Saskia Haegens. Neuronal Dynamics and the Mechanistic Bases of Selective Attention. Edited by Anna C. (Kia) Nobre and Sabine Kastner. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199675111.013.031.
Full textAbstract:
Selective attention is a process by which the brain enhances its representation of task relevant, over irrelevant information. This ‘active control’ is essential to normal perception and cognition because it enables information processing to adapt to the immediate goals of the observer. This chapter places the focuses on recent conceptual/empirical developments in four areas that the authors think have significantly advanced the discussion and debate on the mechanistic underpinnings of selective attention: (1) the role of neuronal oscillations, (2) the distinctions between differing modes of dynamic operation, (3) potentially unique roles of specific oscillatory frequencies, (4) the neurochemistry of attention. The authors end by replacing attention within an ‘active sensing’ framework, and posing a set of prime questions for future study.
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Chamberlain, Samuel R. Phenomenology and Epidemiology of Trichotillomania. Edited by Jon E. Grant and Marc N. Potenza. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195389715.013.0039.
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Trichotillomania is a psychiatric disorder characterized by recurrent hair pulling, leading to hair loss and functional impairment. This chapter reviews the phenomenology and epidemiology of trichotillomania, and considers its relationship with putative obsessive-compulsive spectrum conditions and other body-focused repetitive behaviors. Salient animal models of the disorder, along with findings in human patients using neuroimaging and cognitive probes, are summarized. A brain-based model of trichotillomania is formulated, focusing on affect dysregulation, addiction, and impulse dyscontrol. Finally, the chapter flags cardinal questions for the attention of future clinical and research scrutiny.
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Davis, Jeff, and Kristen Damron. Stress and Stress Hormones. Edited by Rosemary L. Hopcroft. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190299323.013.26.
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During the past four decades, numerous reviews have been published on biological responses to stressful social environments. Reviews targeted for audiences in the social sciences emphasized biological outcomes while skipping over explanations of biological mechanisms. This chapter focuses on the details of the hormonal processes that “report” the state of the environment to the nervous system and regulate cognitive and motor responses to stressful social stimuli. Steroid hormones receive most attention. The chapter concludes with an outline of a sociological model of social action based on current knowledge of hormone actions. It shares some of the basic ideas of previous models such as affect control theory. However, the model proposes a broader role of stress hormones in human social behavior.
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Laver, Michael, and Ernest Sergenti. Party Competition. Princeton University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691139036.001.0001.
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Party competition for votes in free and fair elections involves complex interactions by multiple actors in political landscapes that are continuously evolving, yet classical theoretical approaches to the subject leave many important questions unanswered. This book offers the first comprehensive treatment of party competition using the computational techniques of agent-based modeling. This exciting new technology enables researchers to model competition between several different political parties for the support of voters with widely varying preferences on many different issues. The book models party competition as a true dynamic process in which political parties rise and fall, a process where different politicians attack the same political problem in very different ways, and where today's political actors, lacking perfect information about the potential consequences of their choices, must constantly adapt their behavior to yesterday's political outcomes. This book shows how agent-based modeling can be used to accurately reflect how political systems really work. It demonstrates that politicians who are satisfied with relatively modest vote shares often do better at winning votes than rivals who search ceaselessly for higher shares of the vote. It reveals that politicians who pay close attention to their personal preferences when setting party policy often have more success than opponents who focus solely on the preferences of voters, that some politicians have idiosyncratic “valence” advantages that enhance their electability—and much more.
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Hilbert, Anja, Lisa Opitz, and Martina de Zwaan. Internet-Based Interventions for Eating Disorders. Edited by W. Stewart Agras and Athena Robinson. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190620998.013.28.
Full textAbstract:
Evidence demonstrating the efficacy of treatment and prevention programs for eating disorders is accruing. However, the common face-to-face delivery of these interventions has a number of limitations, including high cost and limited accessibility. E-mental health, referring to the use of information and communication technology—particularly the Internet—in interventions for mental health disorders, has the potential to overcome these barriers and enhance the treatment and prevention of eating disorders. To date, the limited number of evaluations have documented small to moderate effect sizes in the improvement of eating disorder symptomatology through Internet-based treatment and prevention. Beyond efficacy, major questions remain regarding content, structure, and modes of delivery of Internet-based interventions; suitable diagnostic tools and safety measures; and cost-effectiveness, dissemination, and implications for public health programming. These aspects deserve attention in future research before widely recommending Internet-based interventions for eating disorders.
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Eiselt, B. Sunday, and David Snow. “From Right in Front of the Sun”. Edited by Barbara Mills and Severin Fowles. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199978427.013.27.
Full textAbstract:
Plains-Pueblo research typically examines issues of culture contact, culture history, and social evolutionary trajectories leading up to European colonization. While previous approaches have shaped current understandings of Plains-Pueblo exchange, they fail to appreciate the role of Athapaskans in prevailing models of regional interactions in the American Southwest during the Protohistoric period (1450–1700 ce). This chapter discusses the social institutions and practices that enabled the Athapaskans to dominate southern Plains bison economies and trade with eastern frontier Pueblos. A reconceptualization of Athapaskan-Pueblo interaction draws attention to the deep history of the Plains-Pueblo interface based on trade, kinship, and residence during the pre-colonial to colonial transition.
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Hofmann, Christian, and Laurence van Lent. Organizational Design and Control Choices. Edited by Michael A. Hitt, Susan E. Jackson, Salvador Carmona, Leonard Bierman, Christina E. Shalley, and Douglas Michael Wright. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190650230.013.10.
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Building on new insights from organizational economics, management accounting researchers have highlighted how incentive contracts and performance measure choices complement structural arrangements in firms. We discuss how “slow-moving” elements in organizational design, such as the allocation of decision rights to local managers and interdependencies between different parts of the production function, affect the working of incentives and performance measures. We pay attention to the empirical challenges that researchers face in this area and argues that mixed-method approaches in which economic models are combined with empirical evidence can help to build a body of evidence that is robust and admits cross-study accumulation of knowledge. Finally, we illustrate how recent economic models that incorporate other-regarding preferences can help to bridge the gap between economics-based research in management accounting and more traditional approaches that rely on the behavioral sciences.
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Caramello, Olivia. Flat functors and classifying toposes. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198758914.003.0007.
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This chapter develops a general theory of extensions of flat functors along geometric morphisms of toposes; the attention is focused in particular on geometric morphisms between presheaf toposes induced by embeddings of categories and on geometric morphisms to the classifying topos of a geometric theory induced by a small category of set-based models of the latter. A number of general results of independent interest are established on the way, including developments on colimits of internal diagrams in toposes and a way of representing flat functors by using a suitable internalized version of the Yoneda lemma. These general results will be instrumental for establishing in Chapter 6 the main theorem characterizing the class of geometric theories classified by a presheaf topos and for applying it.
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Martin, Keith M. Public-Key Management. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198788003.003.0011.
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This chapter builds on the previous one by considering additional key management issues that arise for management of public-key pairs. We identify why management of public keys presents special challenges and then consider different approaches to addressing these issues. We consider certification of public keys and examine the different stages in the lifecycle of a public-key certificate, paying particular attention to the creation and revocation of public-key certificates. In doing so, we investigate that it means to rely on a public-key certificate and what issues can arise with the deployment of public-key management infrastructures that are based on public-key certificates. We close by considering some alternative public-key management models that do not rely on public-key certificates.
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Harrison, Judith R., Brandon K. Schultz, and Steven W. Evans, eds. School Mental Health Services for Adolescents. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med-psych/9780199352517.001.0001.
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School Mental Health Services for Adolescents is composed of 15 chapters, written by well-known authors in the fields of psychology, education, social work, and counseling, who discuss and describe services for adolescents that can be implemented in secondary schools by school-based professionals. The authors present methods of overcoming implementation barriers through strategic service-delivery models. The volume is divided into three sections. The first chapters describe the history and need for services, explore the identity of professionals that serve as school mental health providers, and describe methods of engaging adolescents in school. The next chapters focus on issues of identification and referral for treatment in schools and provide a description of interventions. Proposed service delivery models are organized by target topics, including attention and organization, disruptive behavior, internalizing behaviors, autism spectrum disorders, substance abuse, and chronic health concerns. The final chapters describe assessment and the integration of school mental health in schools.
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Mcrae, Emily. The Psychology of Moral Judgment and Perception in Indo-Tibetan Buddhist Ethics. Edited by Daniel Cozort and James Mark Shields. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198746140.013.24.
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In this chapter two Buddhist moral psychological categories are analysed: the brahmavihāras (the four Boundless Qualities), which are the main moral affective states in Buddhist ethics, and the kleśas, or the afflictive mental states. Based on this analysis, two general claims about moral psychology in Indo-Tibetan Buddhist ethics are argued for. First, that Buddhist moral psychology is centrally interested in the psychology of moral improvement: how do I become the kind of person who can respond in the best possible way to the moral needs of myself and others? Second, and related, Buddhist moral psychology focuses on the skills of moral perception and attention. Moral philosophical arguments, it is argued, are generally offered in the context of self-cultivation exercises and not, as they often are in Western ethics, as models of moral deliberation.
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Sarotte, Mary Elise. What Changes in Summer and Autumn 1989? Princeton University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691163710.003.0002.
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This chapter addresses why November 1989 became the moment that the models for the future were launched. By the night of November 9, five developments had permanently altered the Cold War and produced a causal chain that resulted in the unintentional opening of the Berlin Wall. The nature of this causal chain suggests that theorists of power and theorists of ideas need to pay attention to each other to understand what happened. On the one hand, some developments were based on old-fashioned realist calculations. On the other hand, some developments were ones of attitude rather than capability, of ideas rather than material abilities. In the course of 1989, half of Europe had come to the conclusion that it need not continue to live under nondemocratic regimes in the interest of maintaining the stability of the whole.
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Robolin, Stéphane. Introduction. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252039478.003.0001.
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This introductory chapter provides an overview of the book's main themes. This book explores the literary relationships between black South Africans and African Americans during the years of South African apartheid (formally, 1948–1994). It offers a literary history informed by spatial and cultural theory. On the one hand, it advances a mode of cultural analysis that foregrounds the geographic in black lives and cultural imaginaries and, in doing so, models a way of reading black South African and African American writing attuned to the relevance of race, space, and place. On the other hand, this study interprets the two literary traditions in relation to one another. Bringing attention to underaccounted-for cultural traffic that has shaped both traditions in the latter half of the twentieth century, it develops a literary history based on defining moments of cross-cultural engagement.
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Kaufman, Scott Barry, ed. Twice Exceptional. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190645472.001.0001.
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This book is dedicated to supporting children who simultaneously have areas of giftedness (i.e., have exceptional capacities, competencies, creativity, and commitments) while also having exceptional disability. So many of these “twice exceptional” (2e) kids are falling between the cracks in an educational environment that does not nurture and support all different kinds of learners and innovators and does not help them truly realize their potentialities as a whole person. The book, written by experts in the field, covers an array of cutting-edge, evidence-based issues and approaches dealing with twice exceptional students, including identification, advocacy, collaborative partnership with families, special populations (including autism, dyslexia, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder), cultural diversity, social-emotional development, and models of programs designed explicitly to support twice exceptional children. While the focus of this volume is on the unique learning and social-emotional needs of this population, the methods and scientific findings presented in this volume are applicable to bringing out the best in all students.
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Greenwald, Margaret L. Wernicke’s Aphasia: Auditory Processing and Comprehension. Edited by Anastasia M. Raymer and Leslie J. Gonzalez Rothi. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199772391.013.5.
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This chapter includes a discussion of the symptoms of Wernicke’s aphasia, including impaired auditory comprehension and neologistic verbal expression. Anosognosia, impaired attention, and impaired self-monitoring are discussed as they relate to Wernicke’s aphasia. Current evidence of the neuroanatomical correlates of Wernicke’s aphasia and the role of Wernicke’s area is presented from a variety of experimental perspectives. Theoretical approaches to understanding impaired auditory processing in Wernicke’s aphasia are discussed in relation to perception, recognition, and comprehension of speech. Methods for the assessment and interpretation of receptive and expressive language in Wernicke’s aphasia and jargon aphasia are described within the context of a cognitive model depicting multiple input modalities and output modes of language. Finally, current methods for the treatment and management of Wernicke’s aphasia are reviewed, with an emphasis on evidence-based practice.
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Wangui, Edna. Adaptation to Current and Future Climate in Pastoral Communities Across Africa. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228620.013.604.
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Pastoralists around the world are exposed to climate change and increasing climate variability. Various downscaled regional climate models in Africa support community reports of rising temperatures as well as changes in the seasonality of rainfall and drought. In addition to climate, pastoralists have faced a second exposure to unsupportive policy environments. Dating back to the colonial period, a lack of knowledge about pastoralism and a systemic marginalization of pastoral communities influenced the size and nature of government investments in pastoral lands. National governments prioritized farming communities and failed to pay adequate attention to drylands and pastoral communities. The limited government interventions that occurred were often inconsistent with contemporary realities of pastoralism and pastoral communities. These included attempts at sedentarization and modernization, and in other ways changing the priorities and practices of pastoral communities.The survival of pastoral communities in Africa in the context of this double exposure has been a focus for scholars, development practitioners, as well as national governments in recent years. Scholars initially drew attention to pastoralists’ drought-coping strategies, and later examined the multiple ways in which pastoralists manage risk and exploit unpredictability. It has been learned that pastoralists are rational land managers whose experience with variable climate has equipped them with the skills needed for adaptation. Pastoralists follow several identifiable adaptation paths, including diversification and modification of their herds and herding strategies; adoption of livelihood activities that did not previously play a permanent role; and a conscious decision to train the next generation for nonpastoral livelihoods. Ongoing government interventions around climate change still prioritize cropping over herding. Sometimes, such nationally supported adaptation plans can undermine community-based adaptation practices, autonomously evolving within pastoral communities. Successful adaptation hinges on recognition of the value of autonomous adaptation and careful integration of such adaptation with national plans.
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Green-Pedersen, Christoffer. The Reshaping of West European Party Politics. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198842897.001.0001.
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Long gone are the times when class-based political parties with extensive membership dominated politics. Instead, party politics has become issue-based. Surprisingly few studies have focused on how the issue content of West European party politics has developed over the past decades. Empirically, this books studies party politics in Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Sweden, and the UK from 1980 and onwards. The book highlights the more complex party system agenda with the decline, but not disappearance, of macroeconomic issues as well as the rise in ‘new politics’ issues together with education and health care. Moreover, various ‘new politics’ issues such as immigration, the environment, and European integration have seen very different trajectories. To explain the development of the individual issues, the book develops a new theoretical model labelled the ‘issue incentive model’ of party system attention. The aim of the model is to explain how much attention issues get throughout the party system, which is labelled ‘the party system agenda’. To explain the development of the party system agenda, one needs to focus on the incentives that individual policy issues offer to large, mainstream parties, i.e. the typical Social Democratic, Christian Democratic, or Conservative/Liberal parties that have dominated West European governments for decades. The core idea of the model is that the incentives that individual policy issues offer to these vote- and office-seeking parties depend on three factors, namely issue characteristics, issue ownership, and coalition considerations. The issue incentive model builds on and develops a top-down perspective on which the issue content of party politics is determined by the strategic considerations of political parties and their competition with each other.
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Rotter, Merrill, and Virginia Barber-Rioja. Diversion programs and alternatives to incarceration. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199360574.003.0021.
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Decreasing the number of individuals with mental illness in the criminal justice system remains a public mental health priority – one that has even reached the U.S. Supreme Court. Diverting individuals with mental illness from jail or prison decreases their exposure to that traumatic environment and addresses security concerns of corrections professionals charged with their care and management. When diversion is coupled with the court-based, problem-solving approach of monitored care and treatment in the community, public safety is improved and the clinical success of the individual is enhanced. When treatment in the community includes an explicit focus on criminogenic factors, the ability to meet public safety goals are enhanced even further. Given these several goals, as well as the considerable variability from jurisdiction to jurisdiction in court resources, treatment resources, social supports, political philosophies, and fiscal realities, the types of diversion that will work for one community may not work for another. However, the overwhelming majority of the data is clear that diversion can be implemented with documented success in the domains described above, and that there are a number of beneficial models for client intercept and associated programming. This chapter reviews the major models used to divert those with serious mental illness from incarceration, paying attention to some of the legal and clinical issues that arise as a result of diversion initiatives. Brief overviews of those interventions, including drug and mental health courts, jail diversion programs, and alternatives to incarceration for the mentally ill, are presented.
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Tunaru, Radu S. Real-Estate Derivatives. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198742920.001.0001.
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This book brings together the latest concepts and models in real-estate derivatives, the new frontier in financial markets. The importance of real-estate derivatives in managing property price risk that has destabilized economies frequently in the last hundred years has been brought into the limelight by Robert Shiller over the last three decades. In spite of his masterful campaign for the introduction of real-estate derivatives, these financial instruments are still in a state of infancy. This book aims to provide a state-of-the-art overview of real-estate derivatives at this moment in time, covering the description of these financial products, their applications, and the most important models proposed in the literature in this area. In order to facilitate a better understanding of the situations when these products can be successfully used, ancillary topics such as real-estate indices, mortgages, securitization, and equity release mortgages are also discussed. The book is designed to pay attention to the econometric aspects of realestate index prices, time series, and also to financial engineering no-arbitrage principles governing pricing of derivatives. The emphasis is on understanding the financial instruments through their mechanics and comparative description. The examples are based on real-world data from exchanges or frommajor investment banks or financial houses in London. The numerical analysis is easily replicable with Excel and Matlab. This is the most advanced published book in this area, combining practical relevance with intellectual rigour. Real-estate derivatives will become important for managing macro risks in order to pass stress tests imposed by regulators.
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Maltzman, Sara. A Multidisciplinary, Biopsychosocial Approach to Treatment. Edited by Sara Maltzman. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199739134.013.43.
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This concluding chapter of theOxford Handbook of Treatment Processes and Outcomes in Psychologydescribes the importance of breaking down research and practice silos in favor of a multidisciplinary and biopsychosocial approach regarding human physical and mental health. The chapter summarizes why we can have more confidence in treatments and interventions that “fit” within the context of converging lines of evidence across these multilevel systems. What multidisciplinary research tells us is that treatmentdoesmatter, as evidenced by multiple lines of research in animal models, particularly in fear-based and anxiety disorders. This research affirms that psychological/behavioral treatments are active and not reducible to nonspecific placebo effects. However, data indicate that placebo may prove valuable as a deliberately applied adjunct to psychological/behavioral and pharmacological treatments. Individual differences in self-regulation and temperament; genetic and epigenetic factors that influence resilience or maladaptive responses to adverse conditions; the buffering effects of social support; and how these factors may influence treatment process and outcomes are reviewed. Research evaluating pharmacological adjuncts to psychological/behavioral treatment underscores the complexity of delivering optimal treatment. Newer methodologies, such as neuroimaging, will assist in explicating the above complex interrelationships. This chapter also calls attention to research evaluating treatment outcomes, including dose response relationships and the importance of evaluating the therapist’s unique contribution to outcomes.
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Vine, Angus. Miscellaneous Order. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198809708.001.0001.
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This book examines one of the most pervasive, but also perplexing, textual phenomena of the early modern world: the manuscript miscellany. Faced with serial problems of definition, categorization, and (often conflicting) terminology, modern scholars have tended to dismiss the miscellany as disorganized and chaotic. Miscellaneous Order radically challenges that view by uncovering the various forms of organization and order previously hidden in early modern manuscript books. Drawing on original literary and historical research, and examining both the materiality of early modern manuscripts and their contents, this book sheds new light on the transcriptive and archival practices of early modern Britain, as well as on the broader intellectual context of manuscript culture and its scholarly afterlives. Based on extensive archival research, and interdisciplinary in both subject and matter, it focuses on the myriad kinds of miscellaneous manuscript compiled and produced in the early modern era. Showing that the miscellany was essential to the organization of knowledge across a range of genres and disciplines, from poetry to science, and from recipe books to accounts, Miscellaneous Order proposes a new model for understanding the proliferation of manuscript material in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. By restoring attention to ‘miscellaneous order’ in this way, it shows that we have fundamentally misunderstood how many early modern men and women read, wrote, and thought. Rather than a textual form characterized by an absence of order, the miscellany, it argues, operated as an epistemically and aesthetically productive system throughout the early modern period.
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Harris, Ellen T. Musical Declamation. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190271664.003.0005.
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As happens in many other aspects of Dido and Aeneas, Purcell forges his style of musical declamation on the base of seventeenth-century tradition. Many before him espoused theories about English musical declamation, and Purcell had models of the declamatory style in the music of Matthew Locke, John Blow, and others. Purcell’s unique contribution was to combine an acute attention to word meaning, accent, and rhythm with melismatic virtuosity. A comparison to period declamation in other languages reveals Purcell’s particular success in crafting declamation in English.
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Karoly, Paul, and Geert Crombez, eds. Motivational Perspectives on Chronic Pain. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190627898.001.0001.
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This edited volume is the first to present a cohesive account of adaptation to chronic pain from a motivational perspective. Across the 15 chapters, scholars from diverse domains of psychology explore the multileveled and bidirectional nature of pain and motivation, drawing from a broad array of constructs, including self-regulation, goal systems, cognitive control, attention, conflict, interpersonal processes, coping, conditioning, and stress reactivity. Also addressed is the relation between pain and psychopathology, the nature of pain-affect dynamics, and the neural mechanisms underlying the pain experience. Applied considerations are presented in chapters on Motivational Interviewing, ACT, Internet-based methods, and related clinical topics. Our volume provides an up-to-date compendium of cutting-edge research and interventions that collectively illustrate the utility of viewing chronic pain as neither a “disease” nor an imposed lifestyle, but as the emergent and potentially flexible product of a complex transactional system that is bounded by sociocultural factors, on the one hand, and by biogenetic and neural moderating forces on the other. The chapters capture the vibrancy of current theory, research, and practice while pointing toward unexplored new directions. Students and seasoned pain researchers will find within the motivation-centered framework a host of intriguing ideas to complement extant formulations. And those engaged in treating/training persons with chronic pain will discover the unique, integrative value of motivational models.
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Bakan, Michael B. Speaking for Ourselves. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190855833.001.0001.
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Since the advent of autism as a diagnosed condition in the 1940s, the importance of music in the lives of autistic people has been widely observed and researched. Articles on musical savants, extraordinary feats of musical memory and pitch recognition, and music-based therapies and interventions abound in the autism literature. Meanwhile, music historians have posited autism-centered explanatory models to account for the unique musical artistry of everyone from Glenn Gould to “Blind Tom” Wiggins. Given all of this attention, it is surprising how infrequently autistic people have been asked to account for how they themselves make and experience music, or for why it matters to them that they do. In Speaking for Ourselves, renowned ethnomusicologist Michael Bakan does just that, engaging in deep conversations—some spanning the course of years—with ten fascinating and very different individuals who share two basic things in common: an autism spectrum diagnosis and a life in which music plays a central part. These conversations offer profound insights into the intricacies and intersections of music, autism, neurodiversity, and life in general, not from an autistic point of view but rather from several different autistic points of view. They invite readers to partake of a rich tapestry of words, ideas, images, and musical sounds (on the companion website) that speak to both the diversity of autistic experience and the common humanity we all share.
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Hasinoff, Amy Adele. Beyond teenage biology. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252038983.003.0003.
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This chapter examines the implications of the dominant discourse about the unruly biology of adolescence. In particular, it challenges the notion that sexting is the result of teenage hormones and still-developing brain structures dangerously alchemizing with new technologies. The chapter first considers the developmental model of sexuality in relation to teen biology, along with alternatives to the teenage biology model of youth sexuality. It also discusses peer pressure and “crazy teen trends” as explanations for adolescent girls' sexual behavior. The chapter complicates biology-based assumptions about teens' irrational brains, raging hormones, and fixed trajectory through sexual development as explanations for sexting. It argues that using teen biology as a sympathetic explanation for sexting can divert attention from malicious privacy violators.
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Linarelli, John, Margot E. Salomon, and Muthucumaraswamy Sornarajah. International Trade. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198753957.003.0004.
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Despite significant attention in recent times, the law of international trade has been remarkably resilient in steering clear of compliance with the demands of justice. The history of the law governing international trade is rooted in forms of coercion and violence designed to promote the interests of powerful states and their multinational enterprises. The first norm of international trade law for the modern state, the principle of freedom to trade, was a rationalization to commit atrocities, including genocide, to promote the interests of European powers and their commercial interests. This problematic history of the law of international trade led governments to promote the wrong values in international trade relations between states. The chapter then examines the international trade order put in place when treaties and positive law became more important and industrial forms of capitalism became ascendant, based on notions of promised-based commitment, providing states with a rationale to ignore notions of justice, disparities in bargaining power, global inequality, and other values. With such norms in effect still today, power is permissibly exercised via a transactional model between states. In this model, trade treaties are all about bargaining. A national or mercantilist conception of market took absolute priority, a conception in which markets are divided up according to power imposed in bargaining. The chapter explains how the contemporary trade treaty suffers from various pathologies because of these historical rationalities imposed on it from these prior eras. The result is a failure of contemporary trade agreements to comply with principles of justice and relatively little concern expressed about this failure.
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Siemens, Daniel. Popular Dramas Between Transgression and Order. Edited by Paul Knepper and Anja Johansen. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199352333.013.31.
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This article examines the importance and the effects of crime news and courtroom journalism for modern societies, taking a global perspective. Mass media starting in the middle of the nineteenth century identified criminal courts as important places that allowed for popular and often-sensational stories of transgression and order. In the United States, in Europe, and in Asia, popular dramas based on criminal trials that appeared in the newspaper stimulated important societal debates, questioning the very notion of modern law and its application. However, it is argued that future research needs to pay more attention to the narratives and effects of courtroom reporting on democracy, both past and present.