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Journal articles on the topic 'Attendant ants'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 20 February 2023

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1

Moya-Raygoza, Gustavo, and Lowell R. Nault. "Obligatory Mutualism Between Dalbulus quinquenotatus (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) and Attendant Ants." Annals of the Entomological Society of America 93, no. 4 (July 1, 2000): 929–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/0013-8746(2000)093[0929:ombdqh]2.0.co;2.

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2

De Jong, Grant D., Florencia Meyer, and Jerome Goddard. "Relative Roles of Blow Flies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) and Invasive Fire Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Solenopsis spp.) in Carrion Decomposition." Journal of Medical Entomology 58, no. 3 (February 25, 2021): 1074–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjab014.

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Abstract Fire ants (Solenopsis spp.) have increasingly been reported from carrion in the southeastern United States and are now a part of the normal succession community. There have been previous observations of these ants altering carrion and preying on other carrion-attendant fauna; however, the overall effects of these activities on carrion decomposition rates, community composition, and blow fly larval development are poorly understood. Alteration of these ecological processes by fire ants could affect the forensic interpretation of entomological data. We conducted a study in Mississippi and Florida whereby portions of the succession fauna were excluded from access to pig carrion to study the relative effects of fire ants and blow flies on carrion decomposition and succession: a control with all fauna having access, a second treatment where fire ants and other geophilic taxa were excluded, and a third treatment in which blow flies and other large organisms were excluded. Fire ants inflicted lesions in the carrion, buried portions that touched the ground, and preyed on some members of the succession fauna. Their exclusion did not affect carrion decomposition rates that were measured but slightly affected the overall carrion community, and strongly affected the oviposition and development of blow flies. Despite the presence of fire ants early in the control, blow flies were eventually able to overcome predation of eggs and larvae, continue colonization, and complete development; however, the delay in the colonization of blow flies on carrion could affect the determination of postmortem intervals when development rates of blow flies are considered in the calculation.
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3

Hasibuan, Rosma. "HUBUNGAN KUTU DOMPOLAN DYSMICOCCUS BREVIPES (CKLL.) (HOMOPTERA : PSEUDOCOCCIDAE) DAN SEMUT API SOLENOPSIS SP. (HYMENOPTERA: FORMICIDAE) PADA DUA CARA BERTANAM NENAS." Jurnal Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan Tropika 5, no. 1 (March 12, 2005): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/j.hptt.1517-23.

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Association of mealybug, Dysmicoccus brevipes (Ckll.) (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae) and fire ant, Solenopsis sp. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) on two pineapple–planting patterns. A pineapple mealybug, Dysmicoccus brevipes (Ckll.) (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae) is an important insect pest in major pineapple growing areas. Its feeding activity causes damage on the pineapple plants and it can also transmit pineapple wilt virus. The mealybugs are often found in association with fire ants, Solenopsis sp. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) that provide protection in exchange for the sweet honeydew liquid. The field study was conducted to determine the close association between mealybugs and fire ants on two plant row spacing (single and double row spacing) four different plant stages (3, 7, 11, and 17 months after planting). The results indicated that there was a significant correlation between the mealybugs and the fire ant on two pineapple-planting patterns, particularly on late growth periods (11, and 17 months after planting). In this field study, population of mealybugs on double row spacing were more abundant (ranging from 0 to 25.67 bugs/plant) compared with that on single row spacing which ranged 0 to 3.67 bugs/plant. Moreover, general mean of population density of mealybugs (14.53 bugs/plant) on double row was significantly higher than that on single row spacing (1.83 bugs/plant). In line with this mealybug-population development, mean numbers of fire ants caught on baited-sticky traps were ranged from 0 to 8.53 ants/trap on single row versus 0 to 23.57 ants/trap on double row spacing pattern. The general mean number of captured ants (12.73 ants/trap) on double row was significantly higher compared with that on single row spacing (5.55 ants/trap). It appears that the patterns of population densities of mealybugs are closely related to that of fire ants that act as attendant species on two pineapple row spacing.
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4

Pierce, N. E., and S. Easteal. "The Selective Advantage of Attendant Ants for the Larvae of a Lycaenid Butterfly, Glaucopsyche lygdamus." Journal of Animal Ecology 55, no. 2 (June 1986): 451. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4730.

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5

Carver, Mary, Nico Bluthgen, Judy F. Grimshaw, and Glenn A. Bellis. "Aphis clerodendri Matsumura (Hemiptera: Aphididae), attendant ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and associates on Clerodendrum (Verbenaceae) in Australia." Australian Journal of Entomology 42, no. 2 (April 2003): 109–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-6055.2003.00339.x.

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6

Pierce, N. E., R. L. Kitching, R. C. Buckley, M. F. J. Taylor, and K. F. Benbow. "The costs and benefits of cooperation between the Australian lycaenid butterfly, Jalmenus evagoras, and its attendant ants." Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 21, no. 4 (October 1987): 237–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00292505.

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7

Campbell, C. A. M. "Homoptera associated with the ants Crematogaster clariventris, Pheidole megacephala and Tetramorium aculeatum (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) on cocoa in Ghana." Bulletin of Entomological Research 84, no. 3 (September 1994): 313–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485300032429.

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AbstractPopulation densities of honeydew-producing Homoptera were assessed on mature upper-Amazon cocoa (Theobroma cacao) (Sterculiaceae) trees with combinations of the ants Crematogaster clariventris Mayr, Pheidole megacephala (Fabricius) and Tetramorium aculeatum (Mayr). Interactions were found between combinations of the three ant species and the abundance of Homoptera attended for honeydew. Crematogaster clariventris primarily attended Stictococcus sjostedti Cockerell (Stictococcidae), and less frequently Waxiella sp. nr zonata (Newstead) (Coccidae). Pheidole megacephala attended mealybugs, mainly Planococcoides njalensis (Laing), and Planococcus citri (Risso) (both Pseudococcidae). Tetramorium aculeatum was negatively associated with honeydew-producing Homoptera only when it was the sole dominant ant. Where T. aculeatum co-existed with either one, or both, of the other ant species, it had little influence on the abundance of the honeydew-producing Homoptera they attended, including the mealybug vectors of cocoa swollen shoot virus. Ant-attended Homoptera were more numerous on trees solely dominated by their attendant ants than on trees where two or all three ant species co-occurred. By contrast, the non-ant-attended psyllid Mesohomotoma tessmanni (Aulmann) was least common on trees with a single dominant ant species, and was most abundant on trees foraged by all three ant species.
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8

Gullan, Penny J., Ralf C. Buckley, and Philip S. Ward. "Ant-tended scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccidae: Myzolecanium) within lowland rain forest trees in Papua New Guinea." Journal of Tropical Ecology 9, no. 1 (February 1993): 81–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467400006994.

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ABSTRACTEight species of Myzolecanium Beccari (Hemiptera: Homoptera: Coccoidea: Coccidae) are reported from ant nests in stem cavities of living lowland rain forest trees in Papua New Guinea. The coccids are confined to this microhabitat but are associated with a taxonomically broad range of ants and host trees. Attendant ants belonged to six species in three genera and two subfamilies: Anonychomyrma Donisthorpe (Dolichoderinae), Crematogaster Lund (Myrmicinae) and Podomyrma F. Smith (Myrmicinae). Host plants belonged to at least five families and included both apparently specialized (with domatia) and unspecialized species. Saplings containing the nests of Anonychomyrma scrutator (F. Smith), Anonychomyrma sp. 1 and Podomyrma laevifrons F. Smith were dissected and the structure of nest chambers and their contents recorded. Only some chambers had entrance holes, but many were interconnected by transverse passages. The coccids were in low numbers and fairly evenly distributed between ant-occupied chambers. The characteristics of the Myzolecanium-ant association, the role of the coccids as trophobionts, and the nature of the plant associations are discussed. Taxonomically, new combinations are proposed by P. J. Gullan for three species previously placed in Cryptostigma Ferris: Myzolecanium endoeucalyptus (Qin & Gullan), M. magnetinsulae (Qin & Gullan), and M. robertsi (Williams & Watson).
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9

Dinesha, Anegunda S., and Melally G. Venkatesha. "Population dynamics ofSpalgis epius(Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae), a candidate biocontrol agent of mealybugs and its interaction with mealybug-attendant ants." Biocontrol Science and Technology 26, no. 3 (January 11, 2016): 337–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09583157.2015.1115823.

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10

WARD, PHILIP S. "A synoptic review of the ants of California (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)." Zootaxa 936, no. 1 (April 12, 2005): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.936.1.1.

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The taxonomy and composition of the California ant fauna is reviewed, leading to the recognition of 281 species (in 44 genera), of which 255 are considered indigenous and 39 are endemic. Species-level endemism (13.9%) is higher than in adjacent regions, as is the percentage of non-native species (9.3%). About one quarter of the indigenous ant species are endemic to the California floristic province (sensu Hickman 1993). Approximately 36 species appear to be undescribed. Most of these undescribed species are assigned code names, which match those used on the “Ants of California” web site (http://www.antweb.org/california.jsp). One new species is described, Camponotus maritimus Ward, sp. nov., which corresponds to the taxon previously called Camponotus maculatus subsp. vicinus var. maritimus Wheeler (unavailable quadrinomen). Three species names are revalidated: Leptothorax calderoni Creighton stat. reval., stat. nov., Myrmica glacialis Emerystat. reval., stat. nov., and Temnothorax rudis (Wheeler) stat. reval., comb. nov. The following new synonymy is proposed (senior synonym listed first): Forelius pruinosus (Roger) = F. analis (André); Monomorium ergatogyna Wheeler = M. wheelerorum DuBois; Temnothorax andrei (Emery) = T. nitens heathii (Wheeler) = T. nitens occidentalis (Wheeler) = T. ocellatus (MacKay); Temnothorax nevadensis (Wheeler) = T. lindae (MacKay) = T. maryanae (MacKay); Temnothorax nitens (Emery) = T. mariposa (Wheeler) = T. melinus (MacKay). The genus Acanthomyops Mayr is demoted to subgenus (stat. rev.) within Lasius Fabricius, in accord with recent molecular phylogenetic results. A key to the ant genera of California (based on the worker caste), a synopsis of each genus, a comprehensive bibliography, and a species list are also provided.Keywords. ant taxonomy, distribution, biogeography, endemism, Camponotus, Lasius, Forelius, Monomorium, Myrmica, Leptothorax, TemnothoraxLike other components of the California biota, the ant fauna of this state shows considerable biological diversity and regional endemism. Yet there has been no comprehensive systematic treatment of the ants of California, much less a reliable checklist or a set of identification keys. Part of this stems from the complexity of the fauna and an attendant rash of taxonomic problems whose resolution requires additional study at a larger geographical scale. In light of these constraints, the present paper aims to provide no more than a cursory survey of the ant genera, a provisional list of species, and a guide to the literature. A few necessary taxonomic changes are introduced, mostly involving new synonymy at the species level. A prime motivation for this paper stems from the need to establish a reference checklist for a new web site illustrating the ants of California (http:// www.antweb.org/california.jsp). This web site, developed in collaboration with Brian Fisher (California Academy of Sciences), is designed to facilitate identification by providing high-quality digital images of the known California ant species. The first descriptions of California ants appeared in the nineteenth and early twentieth century, in widely scattered taxonomic papers by Buckley, Emery, Forel, Mayr, W. M. Wheeler and others. Mallis (1941) and Cook (1953) published a species list and a booklength treatment, respectively, of the ants of California but both of these are out-of-date and error-ridden. Revisionary studies on specific groups of ants, carried out within the last 60 years and usually at a continent-wide scale, have had a more salutary effect on our knowledge of the California ant fauna. This includes taxonomic contributions by Bolton (1979), Brown (1950d, 1953g), Buren (1968b), Cole (1968), Creighton (1950a), Francoeur (1973), Gregg (1959, 1969b), Mackay (2000), Snelling (1970, 1973c, 1976, 1982a, 1982b, 1988, 1995a), Trager (1984b, 1991), Ward (1985b, 1999), Watkins (1976, 1985), Wilson (1955a, 2003) and Wing (1968a). Among the more useful publications for those seeking information about the ants of California are the regional treatments of the ants of Deep Canyon, Riverside County (Wheeler & Wheeler 1973e), the California deserts
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11

Matsuura, Kenji, and Toshihisa Yashiro. "Aphid egg protection by ants: a novel aspect of the mutualism between the tree-feeding aphid Stomaphis hirukawai and its attendant ant Lasius productus." Naturwissenschaften 93, no. 10 (July 19, 2006): 506–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00114-006-0136-8.

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12

Michael, Githae, George O. Ong’amo, John Nderitu, Gillian W. Watson, and Wanja Kinuthia. "Diversity of scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) attacking citrus trees in Machakos, Makueni, Kilifi and Kwale Counties, Kenya." Journal of Agricultural Science and Practice 6, no. 3 (June 30, 2021): 79–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.31248/jasp2021.275.

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Citrus farming is a major source of revenue for large and small-scale farmers in Kenya. Citrus production is confronted with threats from pests and diseases. Surveys of citrus farms in Kilifi, Kwale, Machakos and Makueni counties, Kenya in July/August (dry season) and in November/December (wet season), 2019 were conducted to identify scale insect pests (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) attacking the trees (Sapindales: Rutaceae), and their related biota. A total of 22 scale insect species belonging to four families, namely Diaspididae (armoured scales), Coccidae (soft scales), Pseudococcidae (mealybugs), and Monophlebidae (giant mealybugs) were found infesting citrus trees in the two regions surveyed. Among the scale insects reported, four species were newly introduced in Kenya; three armoured scales Parlatoria ziziphi (Lucas), Parlatoria pergandii (Comstock), Aonidiella comperei (McKenzie), and a soft scale, Pulvinaria polygonata (Cockerell). The scale insects were closely associated with predators (coccinellids and lacewings) and attendant ants. This information will be helpful in the development of efficient management strategies against the scale insect pests, thus improving citrus production in Kenya. The scale insect pests identified in this study will be useful to plant quarantine facilities in Kenya to help to prevent and detect accidental introductions of exotic scale insect species.
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13

ITIOKA, Takao, and Tamiji INOUE. "The Role of Predators and Attendant Ants in the Regulation and Persistence of a Population of the Citrus Mealybug Pseudococcus citriculus in a Satsuma Orange Orchard." Applied Entomology and Zoology 31, no. 2 (1996): 195–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1303/aez.31.195.

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14

Yao, Izumi. "Ant attendance reduces flight muscle and wing size in the aphid Tuberculatus quercicola." Biology Letters 8, no. 4 (February 29, 2012): 624–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2012.0014.

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In otherwise mutualistic relationships between aphids and ants, attendance by ants often has negative impacts on aphids. For example, in a previous study using traps in the field, the aphid Tuberculatus quercicola , which exhibits mutualistic interactions with ants, showed extremely low dispersal rates, despite having long wings. This study investigates whether components of the flight apparatus (mesonotum length, flight muscle and wings) differ between aphids attended by ants and not attended by ants. Randomized block analysis of variance, using body length as a covariate, showed that ant attendance has a negative influence on aphid flight apparatus. This result indicates that aphids produce honeydew at the expense of resource investment in flight apparatus. Since the dispersal of T. quercicola is limited under ant attendance, the reduction in flight apparatus could precede a decrease in body size. This study also showed that flight apparatus was more developed in aphids under ant-exclusion conditions. This may imply that T. quercicola fly when ants are not available. The maintenance of flight apparatus in T. quercicola might therefore be partly explained by gene flow on the rare occasions that this aphid species disperses.
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Neelam D, Dr Sukhsohale, Dr Deshmukh Jyotsna D, and Dr Akre Charuhas V. "Epidemiological study of patients attending anti-rabies vaccination clinic of tertiary care hospital." Indian Journal of Applied Research 4, no. 1 (October 1, 2011): 409–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/2249555x/jan2014/124.

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16

Kumar, Anjali, and Sean O'Donnell. "Fragmentation and elevation effects on bird–army ant interactions in neotropical montane forest of Costa Rica." Journal of Tropical Ecology 23, no. 5 (August 16, 2007): 581–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467407004270.

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Army ants (Formicidae: Ecitoninae) are top predators in neotropical forests. Army ant raids support a community of diverse organisms, including birds that attend the raids to collect prey. While elevation and forest fragmentation influence army ant and insectivorous bird communities, their effects on the interaction between army ants and bird species is unknown. We studied the size and species composition of bird flocks attending army ant swarms in forest fragments and continuous forest across an elevational gradient (1100–1680 m asl) in a neotropical montane region (Monteverde, Costa Rica). We observed a total of 41 bird species attending army ant swarms. Neither the number of birds, nor the total body mass of birds, nor the number of bird species in attending bird flocks was related to elevation. However, we found a higher bird species richness, larger flock size and greater total body mass of birds attending army ant swarms in continuous forest. Continuous and fragmented forest shared many attending bird species in common, but there was elevational segregation of attending bird species. Some montane endemic birds, and neotropical migrants, attend swarms regularly and use army ant raids as a food source.
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17

Murakami, Yuuka, Hisashi Kawai, Akane Shindo, and Eisuke Hasegawa. "Defense against Feeding by Spring Aphid Parasitism in the Upper Leaf Parts of Host Plants." Psyche: A Journal of Entomology 2022 (May 31, 2022): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1087823.

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In a symbiosis, each participant gains more fitness benefits than is paid in maintenance costs for the symbiosis. The mugwort aphid, Macrosiphoniella yomogicola, is ant-associated, and the host mugwort Artemisia montana is a genet-producing plant that has clonal aboveground shoots. M. yomogicola infests most A. montana shoots from spring to midsummer, and attending ants also repel leaf-eaters of the host plant. However, most aphid colonies become extinct after budding of A. montana inflorescence after early August. A few surviving aphid colonies (1∼3 per genet) produce sexuparae in mid-October. The shoots on which the sexuparae emerged lost most of their fitness because the aphids strongly suppress budding and growth of inflorescence. However, as the shoots are genetic clones of each other, the appearance of stem mothers in the next spring may result in early spreading of the aphids and attending ants to clonal shoots, which would protect the host from leaf-eaters. Here, we show that all shoots on a genet with stem mothers are occupied by aphids and ants much faster than those on a genet without stem mothers. The attending ants repel leaf-eaters to unimportant leaves for the host. Our results suggest that, as the shoots of a genet are all clones, sustaining the aphids on a few shoots may be beneficial to a genet as a whole through kin selection.
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18

Letourneau, Deborah K., and Jae C. Choe. "Homopteran Attendance by Wasps and Ants: The Stochastic Nature of Interactions." Psyche: A Journal of Entomology 94, no. 1-2 (January 1, 1987): 81–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1987/12726.

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Associations of Hymenoptera with Homoptera have intrigued ecologists and evolutionary biologists as model systems of mutualism. The extensive body of literature, however, tends to be skewed to the interactions between ants and homopteran trophobionts in the Aphidae or Coccoidea (e.g., Kloft et al. 1965, Nixon 1951, Way 1963, Wilson 1971). In the following account we document a web of multispecies interactions within and between trophic levels, involving a species of wasp, several species of ants, and two species of Homoptera. This account is unique in the literature on Hymenoptera-Homoptera associations because it (1) addresses observable interference between hymenopteran attendants, (2) reports behavioral preference by homopterans for certain hymenopreran attendants, and (3) describes an interaction between a polistine wasp and an aetalionid planthopper. In addition, this study has general implications about the quality of diffuse and multiple associations between Homoptera and their honeydew foragers.
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Chauhan, Dr Pratibha, Dr Reeta Meena, and Dr Girdharee Lal Saini. "A profile of Animal Bite Victims Attending Anti-Rabies Clinic at Jodhpur in 2012." International Journal of Scientific Research 2, no. 11 (June 1, 2012): 360–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778179/nov2013/115.

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20

Katayama, Noboru, and Nobuhiko Suzuki. "Cost and benefit of ant attendance for Aphis craccivora (Hemiptera: Aphididae) with reference to aphid colony size." Canadian Entomologist 134, no. 2 (April 2002): 241–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/ent134241-2.

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AbstractHoneydew utilization by the ant Lasius niger L. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), honeydew excretion cost for the aphid Aphis craccivora Koch, and ant protection service for aphids against the lady beetle Coccinella septempunctata L. (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) were examined in a laboratory. The duration of honeydew utilization by ants increased with increase in aphid density. The presence of ants shortened the residence time of the lady beetle larva on a plant and reduced the proportion of aphids eaten. At a density of 5 aphids per plant, one aphid with ants excreted honeydew at a frequency two times higher than that of an aphid without ants, but not at a density of 100 aphids per plant. Therefore, a larger aphid colony may increase the benefit and decrease the cost of ant attendance.
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Dwivedi, Vikash, Manohar Bhatia, and Ashok Mishra. "Profile of patients attending Anti Rabies Clinic at Madhav Dispensary, JA Group of Hospitals, Gwalior." Asian Pacific Journal of Health Sciences 3, no. 1 (January 2016): 99–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/apjhs.2016.3.1.14.

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22

Watanabe, Saori, Taiga Murakami, Jin Yoshimura, and Eisuke Hasegawa. "Color polymorphism in an aphid is maintained by attending ants." Science Advances 2, no. 9 (September 2016): e1600606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1600606.

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The study of polymorphisms is particularly informative for enhancing our understanding of phenotypic and genetic diversity. The persistence of polymorphism in a population is generally explained by balancing selection. Color polymorphisms that are often found in many insects and arthropods are prime examples of the maintenance of polymorphisms via balancing selection. In some aphids, color morphs are maintained through frequency-dependent predation by two predatory insects. However, the presence of color polymorphism in ant-attended aphids cannot be explained by traditional balancing selection because these aphids are free from predation. We examined the selective advantages of the existence of two color (red and green) morphs in the ant-attended aphid, Macrosiphoniella yomogicola, in fields. We measured the degree of ant attendance on aphid colonies with different proportions of color morphs. The results show that the ants strongly favor aphid colonies with intermediate proportions of the two color morphs. The relationship between the degree of ant attendance and the proportion of color morphs in the field is convex when aphid colony size and ant colony size are controlled. This function has a peak of approximately 65% of green morphs in a colony. This system represents the first case of a balancing polymorphism that is not maintained by opposing factors but by a symbiotic relationship.
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Kaszyca-Taszakowska, Natalia, and Łukasz Depa. "Microbiome of the Aphid Genus Dysaphis Börner (Hemiptera: Aphidinae) and Its Relation to Ant Attendance." Insects 13, no. 12 (November 26, 2022): 1089. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects13121089.

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Among mutualistic relationships of aphids with other organisms, there are two that seem to be of major importance: trophobiosis with ants and endosymbiosis of bacteria. While the former is well studied, the latter is the subject of an increasing amount of research constantly revealing new aspects of this symbiosis. Here, we studied the possible influence of ant attendance on the composition of aphid microbiota on primary and secondary hosts exploited by the aphid genus Dysaphis. The microbiome of 44 samples representing 12 aphid species was studied using an Illumina HiSeq 4000 with the V3-V4 region of 16S rRNA. The results showed a higher abundance of common facultative symbionts (Serratia, Regiella, Fukatsuia) in aphid species unattended by ants, but also on secondary hosts. However, in colonies attended by ants, the general species composition of bacterial symbionts was more rich in genera than in unattended colonies (Wolbachia, Gilliamella, Spiroplasma, Sphingomonas, Pelomonas). The results indicate a huge variability of facultative symbionts without clear correlation with ant attendance or aphid species. The possibility of multiple routes of bacterial infection mediated by ant-made environmental conditions is discussed.
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24

Kaminski, Lucas A., and Fernando S. Carvalho-Filho. "Life History ofAricoris propitia(Lepidoptera: Riodinidae)—A Myrmecophilous Butterfly Obligately Associated with Fire Ants." Psyche: A Journal of Entomology 2012 (2012): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/126876.

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The immature stages ofAricoris propitia(Stichel) are described and illustrated for the first time, using both light and scanning electron microscopy. Females oviposit in at least seven host-plant families, always in the presence of fire ants (Solenopsis saevissima(Smith) complex), without being attacked by them. Larvae are tended by ants during all larval and pupal stages. From the fourth instar on, larvae feed at night and rest during the day inside underground shelters constructed by ants on the host plant roots, and where pupation occurs. Several observed features, including ant-mediated oviposition, persistent ant attendance throughout all instars, and high spatiotemporal fidelity indicate thatA. propitiais a myrmecophile obligately associated with fire ants. We proposeA. propitiaas an extraordinary model for studies on ant-butterfly evolutionary history in the Neotropics.
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25

Fiedler, Konrad. "The ant associates of Lycaenidae butterfly caterpillars – revisited." Nota Lepidopterologica 44 (September 8, 2021): 159–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.44.68993.

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Based on a global compilation of data on ant associates of 523 Lycaenidae species, a synthesis is attempted as to which ants participate in these interactions. Ants from 63 genera have thus far been observed as visitors of facultative myrmecophiles or as hosts of obligate myrmecophiles among the Lycaenidae. Over 98% of records come from nectarivorous and trophobiotic ants in just three subfamilies, viz. Formicinae, Myrmicinae and Dolichoderinae, with the genera Crematogaster and Camponotus occupying the top ranks. Accumulation analysis suggests that rather few ant genera remain to be added to the list of associates. The representation of ant genera as attendants of lycaenid immatures is related to their global species richness, but with some notable exceptions. Ants that form ecologically dominant, large, long-lived colonies are over-represented as hosts of obligate myrmecophiles. The taxonomic diversity of lycaenid-ant associations is highest in the Oriental and Australian region, and lowest in the Neotropical and Afrotropical region. Among tropical African lycaenids, this is due to two butterfly lineages (genus Lepidochrysops and subfamily Aphnaeinae) that have massively radiated in the Neogene, but mostly maintaining their general affiliations with either Camponotus or Crematogaster ants, respectively. Many tropical and subtropical lycaenids nowadays form associations also with invasive alien tramp ants, giving rise to novel mutualistic interactions.
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NUNES, André P., and Henriette T. P. MORATO. "O Estágio de Atendimento nos Anos Iniciais: Experiência com Plantão Psicológico." PHENOMENOLOGICAL STUDIES - Revista da Abordagem Gestáltica 26, no. 1 (2020): 2–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.18065/rag.2020v26n1.1.

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The present investigation intended to explore how four students experienced their first practicum in the university project of Psychological Attendance, from the second year of the Psychology Course. It revealed how that practicum is organized to take care of the student, as well as how the project showed itself as singular, allowing the students' narrative for this investigation. It was possible to comprehend how the psychological attendance opened to the participants many possibilities to learn through experience, by learning in action. At the same time, by the supervisors' careful psychological attention, the students referred how they incorporated such knowledge in their acting by their reflexions about the experiences at the supervisions as well as with clients. It revealed the possibility of significative learning in action as pertinent to comprehend the meaning of psychologist's attention, even when the practicum occurs for Psychology freshmen students. This investigation points to the urgency to changes in the curriculum of Psychology courses in order to contemplate projects that open new possibilities, directing them to the clients' actual needs.
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Mouratidis, Angelos, Sandra Vacas, Julieta Herrero, Vicente Navarro-Llopis, Marcel Dicke, and Alejandro Tena. "Parasitic wasps avoid ant-protected hemipteran hosts via the detection of ant cuticular hydrocarbons." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 288, no. 1942 (January 6, 2021): 20201684. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2020.1684.

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One of the most studied and best-known mutualistic relationships between insects is that between ants and phloem-feeding insects. Ants feed on honeydew excreted by phloem-feeding insects and, in exchange, attack the phloem feeders' natural enemies, including parasitic wasps. However, parasitic wasps are under selection to exploit information on hazards and avoid them. Here, we tested whether parasitic wasps detect the previous presence of ants attending colonies of phloem feeders. Behavioural assays demonstrate that wasps left colonies previously attended by ants more frequently than control colonies. This behaviour has a potential cost for the parasitic wasp as females inserted their ovipositor in fewer hosts per colony. In a further bioassay, wasps spent less time on papers impregnated with extracts of the ant cues than on control papers. Gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry analyses demonstrated that ants left a blend of cuticular hydrocarbons when they attended colonies of phloem feeders. These cuticular hydrocarbons are deposited passively when ants search for food. Overall, these results suggest, for the first time, that parasitic wasps of honeydew producers detect the previous presence of mutualistic ants through contact infochemicals. We anticipate such interactions to be widespread and to have implications in numerous ecosystems, as phloem feeders are usually tended by ants.
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Oliveira, Carla De Souza, Oldeir Digno Ribeiro de Souza, Alexa Magalhães Dias, Tuélita Marques Galdino, Raquel Conceição Ferreira, and Cláudia Silami de Magalhães. "Anxiety in patients attending dental university clinics." Revista da ABENO 18, no. 4 (December 31, 2018): 103–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.30979/rev.abeno.v18i4.799.

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Este estudo objetivou investigar a ansiedade em pacientes atendidos em clínicas odontológicas universitárias. O presente estudo transversal incluiu 49 pacientes recrutados nas clínicas odontológicas da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, campus Governador Valadares, Minas Gerais, Brasil, de setembro de 2016 a agosto de 2017. Informações sobre sexo, idade, renda familiar, escolaridade, frequência de consultas odontológicas e procedimentos odontológicos causadores de desconforto foram coletadas por meio de questionário. O nível de ansiedade foi avaliado pela Dental Anxiety Scale. Observou-se um nível de ansiedade leve (mediana = 6), com mínimo de 4 (não ansioso) e máximo de 19 (extremamente ansioso). As mulheres apresentaram maior ansiedade que os homens (p = 0,047). Indivíduos com 9 a 11 anos de escolaridade apresentaram menor nível de ansiedade odontológica do que aqueles com 0 a 8 anos de estudo (p = 0,025). Os participantes que atribuíram maior desconforto às cirurgias e ao uso de alta rotação apresentaram maior ansiedade (p = 0,002). Conclui-se que a ansiedade leve está presente em pacientes submetidos a tratamento odontológico em clínicas universitárias, sendo as mulheres mais ansiosas do que os homens. Pacientes com maior grau de instrução foram menos ansiosos. O relato de maior desconforto com cirurgias e procedimentos alta rotação pode estar associado a uma maior ansiedade.
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Smiley, John T. "Heliconius Caterpillar Mortality during Establishment on Plants With and Without Attending Ants." Ecology 66, no. 3 (June 1985): 845–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1940546.

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Layman, Marissa L., and Jonathan G. Lundgren. "Increasing Trophic Complexity Influences Aphid Attendance by Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and Predation." Journal of Entomological Science 51, no. 2 (April 2016): 151–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/jes15-32.1.

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Chinarelli, Henrique D., Anselmo Nogueira, and Laura C. Leal. "Extrafloral nectar production induced by simulated herbivory does not improve ant bodyguard attendance and ultimately plant defence." Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 135, no. 3 (December 29, 2021): 429–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biolinnean/blab159.

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Abstract Highly competitive and aggressive ant species are efficient bodyguards that monopolize the more attractive plants bearing extrafloral nectaries. Given that herbivory often increases the quality of extrafloral nectar, we hypothesized that plants damaged by herbivory would be more prone to interact with high-quality ant bodyguards and be better defended against herbivores. We performed an experiment with Chamaecrista nictitans plants. We induced anti-herbivore responses by applying jasmonic acid to a group of plants while keeping another group unmanaged. We measured extrafloral nectar production, censused ants visiting extrafloral nectaries and, subsequently, added herbivore mimics to measure the efficiency of ant anti-herbivore defence in both conditions. Induction increased the volume of extrafloral nectar and the mass of sugar per nectary without affecting the sugar concentration or the patterns of plant attendance and defence by ants. Thus, we found no evidence that defence-induced C. nictitans plants are more prone to interact with high-quality bodyguards or to receive better anti-herbivore defence. These findings highlight that increases in extrafloral nectar production are not always rewarded with increases in the biotic defences; instead, these rewards might be dependent on the traits of the nectar induced by herbivory events and/or on the ecological context in which the interaction is embedded. Consequently, herbivory might increase the costs of this induced biotic defence to plants bearing extrafloral nectaries when the induced defence does not increase the attractiveness of the plants to ants.
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Shanmugham, Deepa, Deepak Kannan Saravanan, and Priyanka Shah. "Magnitude of thyroid dysfunction among antenatal women attending tertiary care centre." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 8, no. 11 (October 23, 2019): 4371. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20194858.

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Background: Thyroid disorders constitute one of the most common endocrine disorders in pregnancy. However, there is no universal guidelines to screen every Pregnant Woman for Thyroid dysfunction in India. This study was conducted to evaluate the magnitude of thyroid dysfunction among ante natal mothers in a tertiary care centre.Methods: This was a cross sectional observational study conducted on ante natal mothers for a period of 6 months. All consecutive ante natal mothers in their first trimester were included in this study. Exclusion criteria was pre-gestational thyroid dysfunction, hypertension and diabetes mellitus. After obstetric examination and investigation, thyroid function test (Free T4 and TSH) was done in all patients.Results: Mean age of the patients enrolled was 26.2±3.54 years. Mean gestational age at which they underwent screening was 9±2 weeks. The mean BMI of the study patients was 21.7±4. The prevalence of hypothyroidism in antenatal mothers was 14.5%. 5 patients (5.5%) had hyperthyroidism. The calculated mean TSH value was 4.26 mIU/L.Conclusions: Universal screening for thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy should be made mandatory in India due to high prevalence, in order to prevent maternal and foetal complications.
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Lafranchis, Tristan. "Notes on the Biology of Some Butterflies in Greece (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea)." Entomologist's Gazette 70, no. 2 (April 26, 2019): 113–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.31184/g00138894.702.1710.

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Information on larval host-plants, life-cycle and behaviour of Greek butterflies gathered between 2000 and 2013 is presented. Observations were made on 141 species of butterfly and more than 450 records were made of larval host-plants in the wild. Observations on ants attending Polyommatinae caterpillars as well as a few parasitoids collected from reared caterpillars are also presented.
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Ibrahim, S. M., B. M. Aminu, H. A. Usman, U. D. Umaru, A. A. Kullima, B. G. Bako, M. Bukar, and B. M. Audu. "Factors Influencing Husbands’ Involvement in Ante Natal Care Services in a Nigerian Urban Region." Journal of BioMedical Research and Clinical Practice 2, no. 1 (April 4, 2019): 32–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.46912/jbrcp.103.

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Maternal mortality continues to be a problem in the developing world, and unfortunately few pregnant women receive antenatal care (ANC) from skilled attendants in this region. It is known that men play a significant role in the health-seeking behavior of their families. Their involvement in ANC services may lead to improved women’s clinic attendance and maternal health. This descriptive cross-sectional study aimed to determine the proportion of husbands in Maiduguri, North-eastern Nigeria that accompanied their wives to ANC clinic, discussed issues related to pregnancy with them, and also the factors that influenced this role. A multi-stage sampling technique was used to recruit 307adult males, 18 years and above, who had fathered at least one child in the last two years preceding the study. Data were collected using pre-tested researcher-administered questionnaires designed from USAID Compendium of Indicators for Evaluating Reproductive Health Programs, and Health Belief Model of Health Behavioural Change Theory. The data was entered into the IBM SPSS software version 20.0 (New York, 2011). An analysis was performed to identify variables that suggest a significant association using Odds ratio and p-value <0.05 at 95 % confidence interval. Out of the 307 respondents recruited, 225 (73.3 %) were involved in ANC services. Educational status beyond primary school level, Christian faith, having means of transportation and couples making a joint decision on ANC were significant predictors for husband’s involvement in ANC services(P<0.05). Similarly, a good condition of ANC services and spending less than 30 minutes waiting for consultation (P=0.008) were significant health-related predictive factors.
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Ibrahim, S. M., B. M. Aminu, H. A. Usman, U. D. Umaru, A. A. Kullima, B. G. Bako, M. Bukar, and B. M. Audu. "Factors Influencing Husbands’ Involvement in Ante Natal Care Services in a Nigerian Urban Region." Journal of BioMedical Research and Clinical Practice 2, no. 1 (April 4, 2019): 32–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.46912/jbrcp.v2.i1.2019.103.

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Maternal mortality continues to be a problem in the developing world, and unfortunately few pregnant women receive antenatal care (ANC) from skilled attendants in this region. It is known that men play a significant role in the health-seeking behavior of their families. Their involvement in ANC services may lead to improved women’s clinic attendance and maternal health. This descriptive cross-sectional study aimed to determine the proportion of husbands in Maiduguri, North-eastern Nigeria that accompanied their wives to ANC clinic, discussed issues related to pregnancy with them, and also the factors that influenced this role. A multi-stage sampling technique was used to recruit 307adult males, 18 years and above, who had fathered at least one child in the last two years preceding the study. Data were collected using pre-tested researcher-administered questionnaires designed from USAID Compendium of Indicators for Evaluating Reproductive Health Programs, and Health Belief Model of Health Behavioural Change Theory. The data was entered into the IBM SPSS software version 20.0 (New York, 2011). An analysis was performed to identify variables that suggest a significant association using Odds ratio and p-value <0.05 at 95 % confidence interval. Out of the 307 respondents recruited, 225 (73.3 %) were involved in ANC services. Educational status beyond primary school level, Christian faith, having means of transportation and couples making a joint decision on ANC were significant predictors for husband’s involvement in ANC services(P<0.05). Similarly, a good condition of ANC services and spending less than 30 minutes waiting for consultation (P=0.008) were significant health-related predictive factors.
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36

Ibrahim, S. M., B. M. Aminu, H. A. Usman, U. D. Umaru, A. A. Kullima, B. G. Bako, M. Bukar, and B. M. Audu. "Factors Influencing Husbands’ Involvement in Ante Natal Care Services in a Nigerian Urban Region." Journal of BioMedical Research and Clinical Practice 2, no. 1 (April 4, 2019): 32–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.46912/jbrcp2i1.2019103.

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Maternal mortality continues to be a problem in the developing world, and unfortunately few pregnant women receive antenatal care (ANC) from skilled attendants in this region. It is known that men play a significant role in the health-seeking behavior of their families. Their involvement in ANC services may lead to improved women’s clinic attendance and maternal health. This descriptive cross-sectional study aimed to determine the proportion of husbands in Maiduguri, North-eastern Nigeria that accompanied their wives to ANC clinic, discussed issues related to pregnancy with them, and also the factors that influenced this role. A multi-stage sampling technique was used to recruit 307adult males, 18 years and above, who had fathered at least one child in the last two years preceding the study. Data were collected using pre-tested researcher-administered questionnaires designed from USAID Compendium of Indicators for Evaluating Reproductive Health Programs, and Health Belief Model of Health Behavioural Change Theory. The data was entered into the IBM SPSS software version 20.0 (New York, 2011). An analysis was performed to identify variables that suggest a significant association using Odds ratio and p-value <0.05 at 95 % confidence interval. Out of the 307 respondents recruited, 225 (73.3 %) were involved in ANC services. Educational status beyond primary school level, Christian faith, having means of transportation and couples making a joint decision on ANC were significant predictors for husband’s involvement in ANC services(P<0.05). Similarly, a good condition of ANC services and spending less than 30 minutes waiting for consultation (P=0.008) were significant health-related predictive factors.
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37

Julius Otusanya, Olatunde. "Anti-social financial practices in Nigeria." Journal of Financial Crime 21, no. 2 (April 29, 2014): 149–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfc-02-2013-0005.

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Purpose – The purpose of the paper is to examine the problem of anti-social financial practices which seems to be a taken-for-granted reality in many parts of the world and particularly in developing countries. The paper locates the role of actors within the theory of transformational model of social activity proposed by Bhaskar (1989) and advocates radical reform to minimise attendant problems created by these antisocial financial practices. Design/methodology/approach – The paper proposed Bhaskar’s (1989) theory of transformational model of social activity which suggests that the society provides the necessary conditions for intentional human activity and that intentional human action is a necessary condition for it. This is because it is difficult to separate people’s perception from the wider social context in which the phenomena arise and the way and manner in which the practices are constructed. To help understand why antisocial financial practices have become so deeply embedded in the Nigerian sociopolitical and economic systems, the views of significant others (professionals, tax officials, non-governmental organisations, media and regulators) were solicited about the structures that influence the activities of the social actor involved in these antisocial financial practices in Nigeria. Findings – Using results from 24 interviews, the paper argues that social structures, such as globalisation, history, politics and social networks, have influenced and [re]shaped the attitudes and behaviours of actors towards committing antisocial financial practices. Practical implications – The paper, therefore, advocates a radical reform that could minimise the attendant problems created by these antisocial financial practices of actors and the enabling structures. Social implications – Where antisocial financial practices are embedded in the society, they become part of the daily routines and in that process are normalised. Originality/value – The paper is a general review of the literature and evidence on contemporary issues.
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Maňák, V., N. Björklund, L. Lenoir, and G. Nordlander. "Testing associational resistance against pine weevils mediated by Lasius ants attending conifer seedlings." Journal of Applied Entomology 141, no. 5 (June 27, 2016): 411–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jen.12345.

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39

Fiedler, Konrad, and Christine Saam. "Ants benefit from attending facultatively myrmecophilous Lycaenidae caterpillars: evidence from a survival study." Oecologia 104, no. 3 (November 1995): 316–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00328367.

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40

Brown, R. Khari, Angela Kaiser, Lara Rusch, and Ronald E. Brown. "Immigrant-Conscious Congregations: Race, Ethnicity, and the Rejection of Anti-Immigrant Frames." Politics and Religion 10, no. 04 (August 14, 2017): 887–905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1755048317000475.

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Abstract Using data collected between 2004 and 2008 from the National Politics Studies, this study explores the impact of race on the likelihood of attending worship settings that provide supportive services for and preach sermons about immigrants. It also considers the degree to which attending such worship settings associate with the perceptions that Whites, Blacks, and Hispanics hold of immigrants. We find that while Hispanics are more likely than Whites and Blacks to attend such “immigrant-conscious” congregations, attending such congregations more strongly correlates with Whites rejecting anti-immigrant frames and accepting positive frames than is the case for Blacks and Hispanics.
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da Silva, Carlos Henrique Félix, Xavier Arnan, Alan N. Andersen, and Inara R. Leal. "Extrafloral nectar as a driver of ant community spatial structure along disturbance and rainfall gradients in Brazilian dry forest." Journal of Tropical Ecology 35, no. 6 (October 11, 2019): 280–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467419000245.

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AbstractAlthough extrafloral nectar (EFN) is a key food resource for arboreal ants, its role in structuring ground-nesting ant communities has received little attention, despite these ants also being frequent EFN-attendants. We investigated the role of EFN as a driver of the spatial structure of ground-nesting ant communities occurring in dry forest in north-eastern Brazil. We examined the effects on this relationship of two global drivers of biodiversity decline, chronic anthropogenic disturbance and climate change (through decreasing rainfall). We mapped EFN-producing plants and ant nests in 20 plots distributed along independent gradients of disturbance and rainfall. We categorized ant species into three types according to their dependence on EFN: heavy users, occasional users and non-users. We found a strong relationship between ant dependence on EFN and nest proximity to EFN-producing plants: heavy-users (mean distance 1.1 m) nested closer to EFN-producing plants than did occasional users (1.7 m), which in turn nested closer to EFN-producing plants than did non-users (2.3 m). Neither disturbance nor rainfall affected the proximity of heavy-user nests to EFN-producing plants. Our study shows for the first time that EFN is a key driver of the spatial structure of entire communities of ground-nesting ants.
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MacKay, DA, and MA Whalen. "Geographic variation in ant defence of a widespread Australian euphorb." Australian Systematic Botany 9, no. 2 (1996): 235. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb9960235.

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Consequences of ant visitation to plants with extra-floral nectaries (EFNs) in the endemic Australian genus Adriana (Euphorbiaceae) were studied at two locations near Broome, WA and Toowoomba in south-eastern Queensland. At both localities, the prevailing weather conditions were very dry during the study, and ant and herbivore densities were low. The ant and herbivore faunas on adrianas differed between the Western Australian and Queensland sites. At Broome, sap-sucking insects were the most common herbivores seen on plants. Densities of these insects tended to increase when ants were experimentally excluded. At the Queensland study sites, leaf-chewing beetles were the most common herbivores. Although numbers of these insects did not increase significantly when ants were experimentally excluded from treatment branches, behavioural assays showed that the presence or absence of ants could significantly affect the beetles' residence time on plants. Attendance by an assemblage of several ant species apparently provides adrianas with a defence that can function in seasonally dry conditions, that acts primarily to protect young and developing tissues and that acts against a variety of insect herbivores.
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43

Halli, Shiva S., and Rajeshwari A. Biradar. "Is Distribution a Problem in Iron-Folic Acid Consumption in India? An Exploration of District Level Household Survey." Open Family Studies Journal 12, no. 1 (June 29, 2020): 34–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874922402012010034.

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Aims: Anemia accounts for 40% of maternal deaths in India. In order to address this problem, the Government of India implemented the largest programme with the greatest potential to reduce maternal mortality by free distribution of Iron-Folic Acid (IFA) supplementations especially during Antenatal Care (ANC) visits. But the major concern among the policymakers and researchers has been poor adherence to the supplement among pregnant women. However, we tend to think that given the severity of the problem, there is no investigation on the adherence issue. Hence, the aim of the paper is to understand whether IFA consumption by pregnant women in India is largely a distribution problem of IFA supplements through ANC. Background: The distribution of Iron-Folic Acid (IFA) supplementation is not working especially through Antenatal Care (ANC) attendance. The program implementers believe that it is because of lack of adherence to IFA supplements by pregnant women. It is important to investigate the problem before any policy changes are made without proper evidence. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to examine whether the problem of IFA consumption by pregnant women is due to the problem of public distribution of IFA supplements through ANC attendance. Methods: This study had used the fourth round of District Level Household Survey data, which collects information on IFA supplements, their distribution and consumption. Bivariate and tri-variate analyses were used to understand the relationship between IFA distribution to pregnant women and their consumption patterns in 19 Indian states and two Union Territories (UTs) of pregnant women (88,487) and between the age of 15-49 years. Results: In almost all the states except Chhattisgarh, more than 75% of the pregnant women consumed 100 or more IFA supplements when they received 100 or more IFA supplements from providers. Similar is the case even among those women who received 100 or more IFA supplements through 1 or 2 ANC attendance except Arunachal Pradesh (60%), Meghalaya (67%), Pondicherry (57%) and Andaman and Nicobar (0%). The consumption of IFA supplements among pregnant women gets better than 75% if they receive 100 or more supplements only after attending three or more ANCs. Conclusion: It seems that distribution is a problem in the consumption of IFA supplements by pregnant women in India. Full antenatal attendance by the women could be part of the problem but not supplying at least 100 IFA supplementations to even those who attend ANC due to stock-outs and ineffective management is a serious concern. Hence, Governments should distribute at least the recommended 100 IFA supplements to the women in their 1st ANC attendance to address anaemia.
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Parkes-Ratanshi, Rosalind, Joshua Mbazira Kimeze, Edith Nakku-Joloba, Matthew M. Hamill, Mariam Namawejje, Agnes Kiragga, Josaphat Kayogoza Byamugisha, Anne Rompalo, Charlotte Gaydos, and Yukari C. Manabe. "Low male partner attendance after syphilis screening in pregnant women leads to worse birth outcomes: the Syphilis Treatment of Partners (STOP) randomised control trial." Sexual Health 17, no. 3 (2020): 214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh19092.

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Background Maternal syphilis causes poor birth outcomes, including congenital syphilis. Testing and treatment of partners prevents reinfection, but strategies to improve partner attendance are failing. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of three partner notification strategies. Methods: Pregnant women with a positive point-of-care treponemal test at three antenatal clinics (ANCs) in Kampala, Uganda, were randomised 1:1:1 to receive either notification slips (NS; standard of care), NS and a text messages (SMS) or NS and telephone calls. The primary outcome was the proportion of partners who attended the ANC and were treated for syphilis. Results: Between 2015 and 2016, 17130 pregnant women were screened; 601 (3.5%) had a positive treponemal result, and 442 were enrolled in the study. Only 81 of 442 partners (18.3%; 23/152 (15.1%), 31/144 (21.5%) and 27/146 (18.5%) in the NS only, NS + SMS and NS + telephone call groups respectively) attended an ANC for follow-up; there were no significant differences between the groups. Twelve per cent of women attended the ANC with their male partner, and this proportion increased over time. Partner non-treatment was independently associated with adverse birth outcomes (odds ratio 2.75; 95% confidence interval 2.36–3.21; P &lt; 0.001). Conclusions: Only 18.3% of partners of pregnant women who tested positive for syphilis received treatment. Female partners of non-attendant men had worse birth outcomes. Encouraging men to accompany women to the ANC and testing both may address the urgent need to treat partners of pregnant women in sub-Saharan Africa to reduce poor fetal outcomes.
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Pizo, Marco Aurélio, and Adriano S. Melo. "Attendance and Co-Occurrence of Birds Following Army Ants in the Atlantic Rain Forest." Condor 112, no. 3 (August 2010): 571–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/cond.2010.090057.

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Liepert, Caroline, and Konrad Dettner. "Role of cuticular hydrocarbons of aphid parasitoids in their relationship to aphid-attending ants." Journal of Chemical Ecology 22, no. 4 (April 1996): 695–707. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02033579.

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47

Fiedler, Konrad, and Bert Hölldobler. "Ants andPolyommatus icarus immatures (Lycaenidae) —sex-related developmental benefits and costs of ant attendance." Oecologia 91, no. 4 (October 1992): 468–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00650318.

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ATARE, Franz U., and Felicia S. Ekpu. "Recreational Health Activities of Pregnant Women Attending Ante Natal Clinics in Etinan." Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 8, no. 5 (June 5, 2021): 605–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.85.9048.

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AIM: The study sought to assess the practice, awareness, adherence, benefits and promotion of Recreational Health Activities by pregnant women attending ante natal care clinics in Etinan. METHOD: The survey research design was adopted for the study. 180 pregnant women out of the 536 registered and undertaking antenatal care in Primary Health Centres were selected by stratified random sampling. Self-structured questionnaire validated by experts and subjected to a reliability test with a coefficient of .68 was used for data collection. RESULTS: The study revealed that majority of pregnant women in Etinan were not practicing recreational health activities though they expressed awareness of the activities. They do not adherence to recommended activities by care givers and thus did not benefit from it. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDTIONS: It was recommended that pregnant women should be encouraged to participate in regular recreational activities before, during and after delivery so that they can adhere during future pregnancy. Couple days’ should be incorporated into ante natal care programmes so husbands will have an opportunity of taking part in recreational health activities with their pregnant wives.
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Kaur, Isampreet, Kamlesh Thakur, Smriti Chauhan, Anuradha Sood, Piyush Sharma, Harshvardhan Singh, and Pankaj Sharma. "HIV reactivity trends in a tertiary care teaching hospital in Himachal Pradesh: a ten-year ICTC based retrospective analysis." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 6, no. 12 (November 26, 2018): 3807. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20184874.

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Background: Despite being a low HIV prevalence nation, India has the third largest number of PLHAs in the world. The study aimed to explore the prevalence, pattern of socio-demographic and epidemiological distribution among HIV sero-positive patients in this part of Himachal Pradesh. Objective was to estimate the prevalence of HIV infection among the clients who had attended the ICTC for a period of ten years, i.e. from 2008 to 2017.Methods: A retrospective descriptive analysis of secondary data from the National AIDS control program from the year 2008 through 2017 was done.Results: Overall prevalence of HIV positivity amongst the clients attending the centre was observed to be 2.1%. Out of the total 55610 clients tested for HIV infection, 40.4% were male, 25.4% were female (excluding ANCs) and 34.2% were Ante-natal cases. Overall, seropositivity was higher among males (58%) than females (40%). However, amongst the groups, higher prevalence has been observed to be present in the females (3.3%) over males (3%) and Ante-natal cases (0.12%). Belonging to the female sex [OR 1.99 (95% CI: 1.77-2.24)] and male sex [OR 2.07 (95% CI: 1.84- 2.33)] had higher odds of having HIV sero-positivity than Ante-natal cases [OR 0.04 (95% CI: 0.02-0.05)]. Heterosexual route of transmission was the major route seen in 70.1%. Maximum HIV seropositivity was in the age group of 25 - 34 years (35.4%).Conclusions: The trends over the last 10 years show no steady pattern. Hence, there is a need for scaled up and sustained efforts focused on the males of reproductive age group for the prevention and control of HIV infection.
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Mendhekar, K. "Profile of Animal Bite Patients Attending Anti-Rabies Centers in Delhi." International Journal of Infectious Diseases 12 (December 2008): e87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2008.05.217.

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