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1
Lehtonen, Tuomas, and Linda Kaljundi, eds. Re-forming Texts, Music, and Church Art in the Early Modern North. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789089647375.
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Our historical understanding of the Reformation in northern Europe has tended to privilege the idea of disruption and innovation over continuity - yet even the most powerful reformation movements drew on and exchanged ideas with earlier cultural and religious practices. This volume attempts to right the balance, bringing together a roster of experts to trace the continuities between the medieval and early modern period in the Nordic realm, while enabling us to see the Reformation and its changes in a new light.
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Bell, Christine, and Rhys Ainsworth. Constitution-Building and Disruption: Addressing Changing Conflict Patterns. International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (International IDEA), Peace and Conflict Resolution Evidence Platform and the Edinburgh Centre for Constitutional Law, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31752/idea.2022.50.
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The theme for the 2021 Edinburgh Dialogue was ‘The Changing International Order and Its Impact on Constitution Building Support’. This Dialogue sought to contribute new thinking on the constitutional implications likely to be triggered by changes to both the international order and the nature of conflict in the past decade, in particular given their impact on the peacebuilding field, which attempts to revise the underlying political settlement. The discussion was premised on an increasing sense within the social science academy and among practitioners that the post-Cold War global order for dealing with intrastate conflict has been fundamentally disrupted. Debates within comparative politics, international relations and international law—to a much greater extent than in comparative constitutional law—are dealing with the shift in the geopolitical balance of power—even if this shift has not yet reached the institutional architecture of the international order. Acknowledging these changing conflict dynamics, some of the ‘models’ with which international actors attempt to assist stakeholders’ exit from conflict—including by constitutionalizing political and legal institutions—are (or should be) changing.
3
Prassl, Jeremias. Disrupting the Disruptors. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198797012.003.0006.
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This chapter turns to the regulation of work in the on-demand economy. To the extent that ‘disruption’ has become tech-speak for breaking the law, the time has come to ‘disrupt the disruptors’. On-demand gigs, tasks, and rides are work, rather than entrepreneurship—and should be recognized as such. This means that the industry needs to be brought within the scope of employment law. Legal systems across the world have learned to respond to employers’ attempts to mischaracterize work as independent entrepreneurship by focusing on the reality of the underlying relationship instead; in more complex multilateral scenarios, a further question crops up as to who should be the responsible employer. The time has come to rethink substantive employment law norms, from portable ratings to higher wages for non-guaranteed hours.
4
Thompson, Ashley. Contemporary Cambodian Buddhist Traditions. Edited by Michael Jerryson. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199362387.013.32.
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Attentive to the oxymoron of its title, this chapter looks for insight into the contemporary moment through an extended examination of traditions, or symptoms, rooted in the past. Accordingly, the chapter explores a series of transformative periods of Cambodian history as a means of sketching a description of the distinctive traits of contemporary Cambodian Theravada Buddhist traditions. These include the assimilation of Buddhism with the state embodied by the monarch, (dis)investment in language, temples as sites of sociopolitical organization or disruption as it were, and the recurrent denaturing of Buddhism even, though not only in attempts to restore the religion’s supposed authenticity.
5
Hondius, Ewoud, Marta Santos Silva, Andrea Nicolussi, Pablo Salvador Coderch, Christiane Wendehorst, and Fryderyk Zoll, eds. Coronavirus and the Law in Europe. Intersentia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9781839701801.
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On 30 January 2020, in response to the globalisation of COVID-19, the World Health Organization declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. The deadly outbreak has caused unprecedented disruption to travel and trade and is raising pressing legal questions across all disciplines, which this book attempts to address. <br><br>The aims of this book are twofold. First, it is intended to serve as a 'toolbox' for domestic and European judges, who are now dealing with the interpretation of COVID-19-related legislation and administrative measures, as well as the disruption the pandemic has caused to society and fundamental rights. Second, it aims to assist businesses and citizens who wish to be informed about the implications of the virus in the existence, performance and enforcement of their contracts. <br><br><i>Coronavirus and the Law in Europe</i> is probably the largest academic publication on the impact of pandemics on the law. This academic endeavour is a joint, collaborative effort to structure the recent and ongoing legal developments into a coherent and pan-European overview on coronavirus and the law. It covers practically all European countries and legal disciplines and comprises contributions from more than 80 highly reputed European academics and practitioners.
6
Bertolaso, Marta, and John Dupré. A Processual Perspective on Cancer. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198779636.003.0016.
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This chapter attempts to illuminate the dynamic stability of the organism and the robustness of its developmental pathway by considering the biology of cancer. Healthy development and stable functioning of a multicellular organism require an exquisitely regulated balance between processes of cell division, differentiation, and death (apoptosis). Cancer involves a disruption of this balance, which results in unregulated cell proliferation. The thesis defended in this chapter is that the coupling between proliferation and differentiation, whether normal or pathological (as in cancer), is best understood within a process-ontological framework. This framework emphasizes the interactions and mutual stabilizations between processes at different levels and this, in turn, explains the difficulty in allocating the neoplastic process to any particular level (genetic, epigenetic, cellular, or histological). Understanding these interactions is likely to be a precondition of a proper understanding of how these mutual regulations are disrupted in the processes we call cancerous.
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Turner, Neil. Mechanisms of glomerular injury. Edited by Neil Turner. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0045.
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Proteinuric diseases, historically termed ‘nephrosis’, are characterized by subtle abnormalities in podocytes or by abnormal glomerular matrix, including the scarring laid down by inflammatory diseases. Angiotensin blockers, corticosteroids, calcineurin inhibitors, and a wide range of other drugs known or believed to be effective in different renal diseases, appear to have direct effects on podocytes that reduce proteinuria that may be important to their effectiveness. Several of these have previously been assumed to work via haemodynamic, immune or other modes. Haematuric diseases are characterized by inflammatory disruption of the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) (‘nephritis’), or less commonly by fragile GBM without inflammation. The majority of haematuric conditions are slowly or rapidly destructive diseases associated with infiltration of inflammatory cells, and proliferation of endogenous cells of the glomerulus, probably in attempts at repair. With time, many haematuric diseases are associated with the development of proteinuria, possibly as a consequence of scarring and its effects on podocyte function.
8
Mgutshini, Tennyson, Kunle Oparinde, and Vaneshree Govender, eds. Covid-19: Interdisciplinary Explorations of Impacts on Higher Education. African Sun Media, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52779/9781991201195.
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Premised on the disruption and lessons learnt from the Covid-19 pandemic, and in meticulous response to the impact of the pandemic on higher education – especially in South Africa – this collection of chapters spotlights the effects, consequences, and ramifications of an unprecedented pandemic in the areas of knowledge production, knowledge transfer and innovation. With the pandemic, the traditional way of teaching and learning was completely upended. It is within this context that this book presents interdisciplinary perspectives that focus on what the impact of Covid-19 implies for higher education institutions. Contributors have critically reflected from within their specific academic disciplines in their attempt to proffer solutions to the disruptions brought to the South African higher education space. Academics and education leaders have particularly responded to the objective of this book by focusing on how the academia could tackle the Covid-19 motivated disruption and resuscitate teaching, research, and innovation activities in South African higher education, and the whole of Africa by extension.
9
Kimonis, Eva R., and Georgette E. Fleming. Disruptive and Conduct Disorders, Delinquency. Edited by Thomas H. Ollendick, Susan W. White, and Bradley A. White. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190634841.013.27.
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Disruptive and conduct disorders, comprising oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder, are characterized by behaviors that violate the rights of others or bring the individual into significant conflict with societal norms or authority figures. These disorders are highly prevalent, emerge early in childhood, and are associated with profound disability and societal burden. Given the heterogeneity in presentation and outcomes of youth with disruptive and conduct disorders, attempts have been made to identify more homogeneous subgroups. Notably, children displaying callous–unemotional traits (e.g., lack of empathy, remorse/guilt) represent a distinct group with severe, aggressive, and chronic conduct problems. To identify this and other important clinical considerations, it is imperative that conduct problem assessment is effective and comprehensive. Assessment findings should inform implementation of evidence-based treatment tailored to the child’s and family’s individual needs. Additional clinical considerations and recommendations for the next frontiers of research into disruptive and conduct disorders are discussed.
10
McCluskey, John. Richard Wright and the Season of Manifestoes. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252037023.003.0006.
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This chapter studies the significance of the timing of Richard Wright's “Blueprint for Writing” and its applications to his nonfiction work, specifically his early journalism and work as a journal editor. The chapter places Wright's piece among the earliest in an international flurry of black diaspora manifestoes articulating generational and language disruptions. This is especially the case for Haitian and other francophone writers whom Wright would join in Paris by 1947. In their attempt to resist American oppression and French colonialism, nearly all called upon a return to embrace folklore, traditional expressive culture, and the complexity of their own history. Wright internationalizes the Chicago impulses coursing through the literary thought of his generation throughout the African diaspora.
11
Gerber, Brian J., ed. The Oxford Encyclopedia of Natural Hazards Governance. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acref/9780190640231.001.0001.
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Natural hazards present significant challenges for managing risk and vulnerability. It is crucial to understand how communities, nations, and international regimes and organizations attempt to manage risk and promote resilience in the face of major disruption to the built and natural environment and social systems. The Oxford Encyclopedia of Natural Hazards Governance offers an integrated framework for defining, assessing, and understanding natural hazards governance practices, processes, and dynamics – a framework that is essential for addressing these challenges. Through a collection of over 85 peer-reviewed articles, written by global experts in their fields, it provides a uniquely comprehensive treatment and current state of knowledge of the range of key governance issues. The work addresses key theoretic gaps on hazards governance in general, and clarifies the sometimes disjointed research coverage of hazards governance on different scales, with national, international, local, regional, and comparative perspectives.
12
Huxtable, Simon. News from Moscow. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192857699.001.0001.
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News from Moscow: Soviet Journalism and the Limits of Post-war Reform is a history of the post-war Soviet press that takes readers from the tense ideological climate of the late Stalin era to the comparative freedom of the Thaw. Through a case study of one of the country’s most innovative and popular titles, the youth daily Komsomol’skaia pravda, the book shows how journalists attempted to remake the Soviet newspaper after Stalin’s death, but details the many obstacles they faced along the way. The book argues that Thaw journalism was characterised by an unresolvable tension between innovation and conservativism: the more journalists tried to devise new forms to attract readers, the more officials grew anxious about the potentially disruptive consequences of reform. Taking readers from the gloomy climate of late Stalinism to the invasion of Czechoslovakia in 1968, the book’s six chapters offer examples of journalists attempts to innovate, from its advocacy for person-centred pedagogy in the late Stalin and Thaw periods, to the creation of the country’s first polling institute and its support for Brezhnev’s technocratic reforms in the 1960s. Drawing on a range of unseen internal documents, including transcripts of private editorial meetings, the book takes readers into the Soviet newsroom for the first time, and details the conversations—with colleagues, functionaries and readers—that characterised journalists’ daily work, and the conflicts with officials that came to characterise the Thaw project.
13
Ninan Thomas, Pradip. Information Infrastructures in India. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192857736.001.0001.
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Infrastructure has defined India. The British had introduced India to the infrastructures of modernity including railways, roads, the telegraph, and cities. However, these infrastructures were made for purpose for colonial means and ends. Successive governments in post-Independent India were tasked with investing in infrastructures and democratizing access to infrastructures. This volume explores India’s experiences with information infrastructures—beginning with the telegraph in colonial India to broadcasting, satellite, oceanic cables, and information platforms. It highlights the fact that there are continuities in infrastructure, that there is a political-economy related to information infrastructures and that access to infrastructures is by no means universal or straight forward but is undergirded by the politics of power, caste, gender, and class. In the era of the platform economy, there are close correspondences between infrastructures and platforms although it is only recently that attempts have been made to regulate platform infrastructures. This volume explores infrastructure continuities and disruptions, enabling, and disabling infrastructures, the relationship between the State and information infrastructures, and the steady involvement of the private sector in the provisionings of large, public information infrastructures in India. Based on conversations with infrastructure theory, this volume attempts to make “invisible” information infrastructures visible and makes a strong case for information infrastructures to be taken seriously as a focus for academic enquiry.
14
Leuchter, Mark. The Levite Scribes, Part 1. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190665098.003.0007.
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Deuteronomy reflects the attempt of northern Levites living in Judah to stabilize Israelite society in the face of accumulated social disruptions and growing tensions between the rural and royal spheres. In Deuteronomy’s vision, Israel is “made” through its fidelity to Moses’ teachings as preserved in text and entrusted to the people—but mediated through the Levites well beyond the esoteric depths of a temple. Flipping the common ancient Near Eastern script that saw such texts as the province of elite and exclusive priesthoods, Deuteronomy makes the textualized voice of YHWH accessible throughout the land, its presence marginalizing and expiating corrosive elements from within the community beholden to its contents. The Levite scribal construction of Deuteronomy becomes an expression of the divine warrior’s power, maintaining the crucible for Israel’s survival.
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Smith, Matthew Wilson. The Prison House of Nerves. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190644086.003.0007.
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Zola’s 1873 stage adaptation of his novel Thérèse Raquin is generally considered the first Naturalist drama, which inspired the most famous Naturalist play, Strindberg’s Miss Julie. This chapter examines these plays in the context of the neurophysiological theories behind Zola and Strindberg’s conceptions of Naturalism. It argues that Zola’s Naturalism, like that of his scientific mentor Claude Bernard, attempts to balance a commitment to neurophysiological determinism with a commitment to independent scientific observation, producing an uneasy fault line in Thérèse Raquin. The chapter further depicts Miss Julie as an earthquake in the rift of Zola’s earlier Naturalism. Strindberg’s artistic innovations are partly grounded in the author’s refusal to reconcile the most disruptive neurological findings of his time with more acceptable ideas of objectivity, independence, and agency. Fully appreciating Strindberg’s artistic contribution requires understanding his intellectual debt to the neuropsychological researchers of his day, above all Charcot and Bernheim.
16
Como, David R. The Seeking Way. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199541911.003.0016.
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This chapter explores the outer edges of puritan religiosity during the 1640s, examining different species of “anti-formalism” that emerged in the period. First, it reconstructs a strain of thought maintaining that “forms”—or contestable niceties of doctrine and discipline—should be subordinated to godly solidarity, a position that came to sit near the center of the emerging “independent” coalition. The chapter then analyzes more extreme pietistic variants, which called into question the validity of all “forms” or religious observances—even to the point of denying the existence of any true church on earth. Attempts are made to explain how and where these disruptive modes of piety came into being, and likewise to assess their impact by charting the spread of such ideas into the heart of the parliamentarian coalition. While such formulations were at root religious, they sometimes had deep political and social implications, which are gestured at here.
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Sundararaman, T., and Rajani Ved. Innovations in the Organization of Public Health Services for Rural and Remote Parts of India. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199476084.003.0007.
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Facilitated by the National Rural Health Mission, the last decade has witnessed a number of innovations in the delivery of public health services in India. The pathways by which innovations happened are categorised into three groups: (a) identifying ‘best practices’ which are then scaled up; (b) the effort to build viable business models; and (c) driven by policy-level prioritization. Seventeen brief case studies are presented illustrating the variety of innovations and innovation pathways that exist, and an attempt is made to elucidate the general features of successful innovation. Innovations driven by critical problem-solving, dedicated innovators, and developments in technology with ability to manage its social interface do better. We also note that, despite much attention to transformational or disruptive innovations, it is home grown incremental innovations that have held sway.
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Couper, Sarah. Informed Choice. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198787525.003.0013.
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The intertextuality of John Rolland’s Court of Venus, announced in its opening quotation and subsequent displays of scholarship and poetic skill, is central to the poet-narrator’s self-construction as a man improved by studying literature. However, the extent of Rolland’s reading is obscured by his unacknowledged use of key sources, including dictionaries, to populate his poem with Classical figures and cultivate a learned diction. While this might be read as pretension to a literary elite Rolland associates with the bygone court of David Lyndsay, the moral vision of his poem is greatly enlarged by its attempt to align such bookish learning with knowledge gained through experience—foregrounded by allusion to Chaucer’s Wife of Bath. In this way The Court of Venus models an urbane, knowing morality working towards wisdom and self-governance while recognizing the diversity, and disruptive desire, of human nature.
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Trollope, Anthony. Lady Anna. Edited by Stephen Orgel. Oxford University Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/owc/9780199537716.001.0001.
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abstract When it appeared in 1874, Lady Anna met with little success, and positively outraged the conservative - ‘This is the sort of thing the reading public will never stand…a man must be embittered by some violent present exasperation who can like such disruptions of social order as this.’ (Saturday Review) - although Trollope himself considered it ‘the best novel I ever wrote! Very much! Quite far away above all others!!!’ This tightly constructed and passionate study of enforced marriage in the world of Radical politics and social inequality, records the lifelong attempt of Countess Lovel to justify her claim to her title, and her daughter Anna’s legitimacy, after her husband announces that he already has a wife. However, mother and daughter are driven apart when Anna defies her mother’s wish that she marry her cousin, heir to her father’s title, and falls in love with journeyman tailor and young Radical Daniel Thwaite. The outcome is never in doubt, but Trollope’s ambivalence on the question is profound, and the novel both intense and powerful.
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Griffiths, Ryan D. Secession and the Sovereignty Game. Cornell University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501754746.001.0001.
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This book offers a comprehensive strategic theory for how secessionist movements attempt to win independence. Combining original data analysis, fieldwork, interviews with secessionist leaders, and case studies on Catalonia, the Murrawarri Republic, West Papua, Bougainville, New Caledonia, and Northern Cyprus, the book shows how the rules and informal practices of sovereign recognition create a strategic playing field between existing states and aspiring nations that the book terms “the sovereignty game.” To win sovereign statehood, all secessionist movements have to maneuver on the same strategic playing field while varying their tactics according to local conditions. To obtain recognition, secessionist movements use tactics of electoral capture, nonviolent civil resistance, and violence. To persuade the home state and the international community, they appeal to normative arguments regarding earned sovereignty, decolonization, the right to choose, inherent sovereignty, and human rights. The pursuit of independence can be enormously disruptive and is quite often violent. By advancing a theory that explains how sovereign recognition has succeeded in the past and is working in the present, and by anticipating the practices of future secessionist movements, the book also prescribes solutions that could make the sovereignty game less conflictual.
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Covey, R. Alan. Inca Apocalypse. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190299125.001.0001.
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This book describes a period of several decades during the sixteenth century when conquistadores, Catholic friars, and imperial officials attempted to conquer the Inca Empire and impose Spanish colonial rule. When Francisco Pizarro captured the Inca warlord Atahuallpa at Cajamarca in 1532, European Catholics and Andean peoples interpreted the event using long-held beliefs about how their worlds would end, and what the next era might look like. The Inca world did not end at Cajamarca, despite some popular misunderstandings of the Spanish conquest of Peru. In the years that followed, some Inca lords resisted Spanish rule, but many Andean nobles converted to Christianity and renegotiated their sovereign claims into privileges as Spanish subjects. Catholic empire took a lifetime to establish in the Inca world, and it required the repeated conquest of rebellious conquistadores, the reorganization of native populations, and the economic overhaul of diverse Andean landscapes. These disruptive processes of modern world-building carried forward old ideas about sovereignty, social change, and human progress. Although they are overshadowed by the Western philosophies and technologies that drive our world today, those apocalyptic relics remain with us to the present.
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Ricketts, Monica. Who Should Rule? Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190494889.001.0001.
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This book examines the rise of men of letters and military officers as new and competing political actors in two central areas of the Spanish world: the viceroyalty of Peru and Spain. This was a disruptive, dynamic, and long process of common imperial origins. In 1700, two dynastic lines, the Spanish Habsburgs and the French Bourbons, disputed the succession to the Spanish throne. After more than a decade of war, the latter prevailed. Suspicious of the old Spanish court circles, the new Bourbon Crown sought meritorious subjects for its ministries: men of letters and well-trained military officers among the provincial elites. Writers and lawyers were to produce new legislation to radically transform the Spanish world. They would reform the educational system and propagate useful knowledge. Military officers would defend the monarchy in this new era of imperial competition. Additionally, they would govern. From the start, the rise of these political actors in the Spanish world was an uneven process. Military officers came to being as a new and somewhat solid corps. In contrast, the rise of men of letters confronted constant opposition. Rooted elites in both Spain and Peru resisted any attempts at curtailing their power and prerogatives and undermined the reform of education and traditions. As a consequence, men of letters found limited spaces in which to exercise their new authority, but they aimed for more. A succession of wars and insurgencies in America fueled the struggles for power between these two groups, thus paving the way for decades of unrest.