Academic literature on the topic 'Attempts at disruption'
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Journal articles on the topic "Attempts at disruption"
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Onuchowska, Agnieszka, and Gert-Jan de Vreede. "Disruption and Deception in Crowdsourcing." International Journal of e-Collaboration 13, no. 4 (October 2017): 23–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijec.2017100102.
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While crowdsourcing has become increasingly popular among organizations, it also has become increasingly susceptible to unethical and malicious activities. This article discusses recent examples of disruptive and deceptive efforts on crowdsourcing sites, which impacted the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the crowdsourcing efforts' service, stakeholders, and data. From these examples, the authors derive an organizing framework of risk types associated with disruption and deception in crowdsourcing based on commonalities among incidents. The framework includes prank activities, the intentional placement of false information, hacking attempts, DDoS attacks, botnet attacks, privacy violation attempts, and data breaches. Finally, the authors discuss example controls that can assist in identifying and mitigating disruption and deception risks in crowdsourcing.
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Hawton, Keith, and Joan Fagg. "Suicide, and Other Causes of Death, Following Attempted Suicide." British Journal of Psychiatry 152, no. 3 (March 1988): 359–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.152.3.359.
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The number of deaths in a large series of suicide attempters followed up after their attempts was 3.3 times greater than expected. Suicide or probable suicide occurred in 2.8% by the end of the eighth year of follow-up, the rate of suicidal deaths being 26.9 times the expected rate. The highest risk of suicide was during the first 3 years, especially in the first 6 months, following an attempt. Factors identified at the time of the attempts which were associated with suicide risk included: being male, advancing age (females only), psychiatric disorder (especially schizophrenia), long-term use of hypnotics, poor physical health, and repeat attempts. Recent disruption of a relationship with a partner and major rows rarely preceded the attempts of those who later killed themselves. Factors predicting long-term risk of suicide also predicted short-term risk. There were more than double the expected number of deaths from natural causes, the excess being greatest in females. Markedly high death rates were found for endocrine, circulatory and respiratory diseases, and accidents.
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Yang, Seojeong, Yoonji Kim, and Seungho Choi. "How to Respond to Disruptive Innovation in Online Retail Platforms." Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity 8, no. 3 (July 28, 2022): 130. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/joitmc8030130.
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This paper explores how the traditional incumbents coped with the rapid transition provoked by disruptive innovation in the South Korean retail industry. More specifically, the study concentrates on the challenges incumbents faced and their step-by-step attempts to deal with disruption. Shinsegae affiliates and SSG.COM were chosen as the target companies for our descriptive study. Shinsegae is one of the top three retail conglomerates in South Korea, owning various subsidiary brands. SSG.COM is also one of its subsidiaries, first established as the online distribution channel for Shinsegae affiliates. However, its role has later become expanded and critical, turning into an online marketplace aimed at overcoming disruption in the retail industry. By reviewing SSG.COM’s dynamic responses to disruptive innovation, we found that what makes its incumbents vulnerable to sudden disruption lies in their static business model. Furthermore, the platform economy allowed offline retailers to be easily disrupted by the key characteristic of platform business—the “network effect”. To counteract online market domination, this study implies that SSG.COM should innovate its business model to integrate its online and offline ecosystems successfully.
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Dehghan, Milad, Seyed Reza Hejazi, Maryam Karimi-Mamaghan, Mehrdad Mohammadi, and Amir Pirayesh. "Capacitated location routing problem with simultaneous pickup and delivery under the risk of disruption." RAIRO - Operations Research 55, no. 3 (May 2021): 1371–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/ro/2021050.
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This paper develops a new mathematical model to study a location-routing problem with simultaneous pickup and delivery under the risk of disruption. A remarkable number of previous studies have assumed that network components (e.g., routes, production factories, depots, etc.) are always available and can permanently serve the customers. This assumption is no longer valid when the network faces disruptions such as flood, earthquake, tsunami, terrorist attacks and workers strike. In case of any disruption in the network, tremendous cost is imposed on the stockholders. Incorporating disruption in the design phase of the network will alleviate the impact of these disasters and let the network resist disruption. In this study, a mixed integer programming (MIP) model is proposed that formulates a reliable capacitated location-routing problem with simultaneous pickup and delivery (RCLRP-SPD) services in supply chain distribution network. The objective function attempts to minimize the sum of location cost of depots, routing cost of vehicles and cost of unfulfilled demand of customers. Since the model is NP-Hard, three meta-heuristics are tailored for large-sized instances and the results show the outperformance of hybrid algorithms comparing to classic genetic algorithm. Finally, the obtained results are discussed and the paper is concluded.
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Müller, Julian Marius, and Raphael Kunderer. "Ex-Ante Prediction of Disruptive Innovation: The Case of Battery Technologies." Sustainability 11, no. 19 (September 24, 2019): 5229. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11195229.
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Battery technologies represent a highly relevant field that is undergoing conversions in the context of, for instance, battery electric vehicles or stationary power storage for renewable energies. Currently, lithium-ion batteries represent the predominant technology that has, however, a considerable environmental impact that could hinder the emergence of sustainable energy systems. Driven by these conversions, several authors claim that potentially disruptive technologies could occur. The concept of disruptive innovation has been highly regarded in research and practice, but has only been successfully regarded from an ex-post perspective. However, without the possibility to establish ex-ante predictions of disruptive innovation, several authors disregard the concept of having significant relevance for practice. In response to this research gap, the present paper attempts to establish an ex-ante prediction of potential disruptive innovation. The method is based on the disruption hazard model by Sood and Tellis, testing seven hypotheses regarding a potential disruption hazard of redox-flow batteries towards lithium-ion batteries. The paper finds that redox-flow batteries could represent a disruptive technology, but this evaluation is limited to an expert evaluation. The authors discuss this finding, as the technical characteristics of redox-flow batteries support its role as a potential disruptive innovation, concluding with implications, limitations as well as suggestions for future research.
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Rao, Konteti V. N. V. N., and Ginka Ranga Janardhana. "The Effect of Rescheduling on Operating Performance of the Supply Chain under Disruption - A Literature Review." Applied Mechanics and Materials 592-594 (July 2014): 2704–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.592-594.2704.
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For many years,companies have focussed on quality and productivity of their products. Globalization, competition and information technology development have forced the industries to manufacture the products with low cost, good quality, availability in the market. Integration of all business entities will promote the value of above said criteria. Supply chain management is an integrated activity, which can meet this critical challenge. Supplier, customer and manufacturer are the entities of the supply chain, which are associated with more uncertainty. Therefore, the supply chain requires an effective rescheduling strategy to manage the disruption and uncertainty by updating and revising the existing schedule. However, the literature survey on rescheduling activity is very limited. The present literature review attempts to analyze the rescheduling activity due to the disruption from the supplier, manufacturer and customer. Literatures on the rescheduling environment, rescheduling factors, and rescheduling algorithm are reviewed to get over all focus. Finally, the review suggests that, to meet the delivery schedule with least makespan and without any disruptions the following factors viz (i) delivery capability (ii) machine utilization rate and (iii) stock level are to be considered. Keywords: Rescheduling, supply chain, disruption, uncertainty, performance measure
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Asmoro, Priandhita Sukowidyanti, Ferina Nurlaily, and Edlyn Khurotul Aini. "DISRUPTIVE TREND AND TAX POTENTIAL : THE CASE OF FOOD TRUCKS." MEDIA BINA ILMIAH 14, no. 3 (October 10, 2019): 2187. http://dx.doi.org/10.33758/mbi.v14i3.322.
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At present, we are facing a new era, namely, era disruption. In the business world, there are still many people who misinterpret disruption as extensive use of information technology in business processes or what is known as a digital business. Disruption is an innovation. Disruption is destructive and creative. For some businesses, the emergence of a disruptive trend is considered an opportunity rather than an obstacle. In the culinary business, the disruptive trend has been responded to by the growth of the food truck business in recent years. Although food trucks are considered as a new business model that offers many benefits, the existence of a food truck business turns out to also cause problems for tax revenues. Until now, food trucks are still an informal business sector in almost all regions in Indonesia because they have not been legalized, including in Sidoarjo Regency. Therefore, a food truck is also a group of Hard to Tax, is a group of taxpayers, whether individuals or entities involved in a cash transaction and not registered as a taxpayer. From the regulator's side, the food truck business is considered as a party born without following the applicable legal rules. They create innovations that violate the law, even, do not pay taxes that cause a loss of potential tax revenue, including local taxes. However, this is contrary to the disruption theory, which states that disruption in the business world is positive, and the government should respond by creating disruptive regulation. The government must be able to create tax policies that can maximize the potential for tax revenues without having to hamper business growth and innovation. This study attempts to analyze the potential expansion of the restaurant tax object on the food truck business using qualitative methods. Data collection is done by interviewing local tax policymakers and food truck business people. The results of this study indicate that the food truck business can be used as the object of restaurant tax because it fulfills the Laffer Theory concept and the criteria of Sidoarjo Regency Regional Regulation Number 8/2010 about Restaurant Taxes.
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McFadden, Brian. "The social context of narrative disruption in The Letter of Alexander to Aristotle." Anglo-Saxon England 30 (December 2001): 91–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263675101000047.
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David Williams has recently argued that medieval representations of the monster give humans an image of divinity, but one which can never be totally understood or described. Positive theology, the via positiva, attempts to take what is known of divinity and then to derive more precise statements about the nature of God; it attempts to contain God in human thought and language. The via negativa, by contrast, forces humans to discard the idea of any positive knowledge about God, since reason and language are inadequate to the task of containing or describing a being so totally other to humans. Alexander the Great, the narrator of the Old English Letter of Alexander to Aristotle, experiences such a negation in his campaign in India; he attempts to describe the wondrous beings and races which he encounters with his army, and his narrative of conquest functions as a metaphor for containing the encountered world in thought, description and mental order. However, he is resisted at every turn by natives, monsters and classical divinities; he is forced to realize that his reason and his force are incapable of containing divine power as manifested in the natural world of India.
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Öberg, Christina, and Tawfiq Shams. "On the verge of disruption: rethinking position and role – the case of additive manufacturing." Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing 34, no. 5 (June 3, 2019): 1093–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jbim-10-2018-0293.
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Purpose With the overarching idea of disruptive technology and its effects on business, this paper focuses on how companies strategically consider meeting the challenge of a disruptive technology such as additive manufacturing. The purpose of this paper is to describe and discuss changes in positions and roles related to the implementation of a disruptive technology. Design/methodology/approach Additive manufacturing could be expected to have different consequences for parties based on their current supply chain positions. The paper therefore investigates companies’ strategies related to various supply chain positions and does so by departing from a position and role point of view. Three business cases related to metal 3D printing - illustrating sub-suppliers, manufacturers and logistics firms - describe as many strategies. Data for the cases were collected through meetings, interviews, seminars and secondary data focusing on both current business activities related to additive manufacturing and scenarios for the future. Findings The companies attempted to defend their current positions, leading to new roles for them. This disconnects the change of roles from that of positions. The changed roles indicate that all parties, regardless of supply chain positions, would move into competing producing roles, thereby indicating how a disruptive technology may disrupt network structures based on companies’ attempts to defend their positions. Originality/value The paper contributes to previous research by reporting a disconnect between positions and roles among firms when disruption takes place. The paper further denotes how the investigated firms largely disregarded network consequences at the disruptive stage, caused by the introduction of additive manufacturing. The paper also contributes to research on additive manufacturing by including a business dimension and linking this to positions and roles.
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POROCK, DAVINA, PHILIP CLISSETT, ROWAN H. HARWOOD, and JOHN R. F. GLADMAN. "Disruption, control and coping: responses of and to the person with dementia in hospital." Ageing and Society 35, no. 1 (September 19, 2013): 37–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x13000561.
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ABSTRACTThis qualitative study aimed to gain insight into the experience of hospitalisation from the perspectives of the older person with dementia, their family care-giver and other patients sharing the ward (co-patients). Non-participant observation of care on 11 acute hospital wards was supplemented by 39 semi-structured interviews with 35 family care-givers and four co-patients following discharge. Constant comparative analysis produced the core problem facing all those involved: disruption from normal routine meaning that the experience of hospitalisation was disrupted by the presence and behaviour of the person with dementia. Disruption adversely affected the person with dementia, triggering constructive, disengaged, distressed and neutral behaviours. Using Kitwood's model of person-centred care, these behaviours were interpreted as attempts by the person with dementia at gaining a sense of control over the unfamiliar environment and experience. Family care-givers' lives and experiences both inside and outside the hospital were disrupted by the hospitalisation. They too attempted to gain a sense of control over the experience and to give a sense of control to the patient, co-patients and staff. Co-patients experienced disruption from sharing space with the person with dementia and were left feeling vulnerable and sometimes afraid. They too attempted to gain a sense of control over their situation and give some control by helping the person with dementia, the family care-giver and the staff.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Attempts at disruption"
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MANZI, DEBORAH. "LA RESILIENZA DELLE RETI CRIMINALI: UN MODELLO AD AGENTI PER LA SIMULAZIONE DELLE REAZIONI DELLE ORGANIZZAZIONI ATTIVE NEL TRAFFICO E SPACCIO DI STUPEFACENTI ALLE AZIONI DI CONTRASTO DELLE FORZE DELL’ORDINE." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2023. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/138065.
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Le organizzazioni criminali operano in ambienti mutevoli e complessi. Flessibilità e dinamicità consentono loro di sfruttare nuove opportunità illecite e di reagire alle azioni di contrasto delle forze dell'ordine (FdO). Molti studi sulla resilienza delle reti criminali esaminano le strutture organizzative dei gruppi a seguito dell’arresto di alcuni membri, ma spesso trascurano le strategie di adattamento dei gruppi.
Lo studio ha analizzato la resilienza delle organizzazioni attive nel traffico e spaccio di stupefacenti, concentrandosi su tre aspetti: la capacità di non soccombere, di reagire in maniera rapida ed efficace e di mantenere inalterate le funzioni primarie dell’organizzazione. Lo sviluppo di un modello ad agenti basato sui contenuti di un’ordinanza per l’applicazione di misure cautelari per i membri di un’organizzazione camorristica coinvolta nel traffico di stupefacenti e sulla letteratura criminologica esistente ha permesso la simulazione delle attività di traffico e spaccio da parte di organizzazioni criminali e le relative reazioni alle azioni di contrasto delle FdO.
I risultati identificano le azioni di contrasto delle FdO come eventi critici per la sopravvivenza delle organizzazioni criminali. Tuttavia, le organizzazioni rimaste attive mostrano un’alta resilienza, con efficaci reazioni agli eventi di contrasto al fine di continuare le attività di traffico e spaccio.Criminal organizations operate in complex changing environments. Being flexible and dynamic allows criminal networks not only to exploit new illicit opportunities but also to react to law enforcement attempts at disruption, enhancing the persistence of these networks over time. Most studies investigating network disruption have examined organizational structures before and after the arrests of some actors but have disregarded groups’ adaptation strategies. The present study investigated the resilience of drug trafficking organizations (DTOs) to law enforcement attempts at disruption, focusing on three main aspects: the ability to endure disruption, react quickly and efficiently to threats, and keep primary functions unaltered. The analysis relied on an agent-based model (ABM) that simulates drug trafficking and dealing activities by organized criminal groups and their reactions to law enforcement attempts at disruption. The simulation relied on information retrieved from a detailed court order against a large-scale Italian DTO and from the literature. The results demonstrated that law enforcement interventions are often critical events for DTOs, with high rates of disruption. However, surviving DTOs always displayed a high level of resilience, with effective strategies in place to react to threatening events and to continue drug trafficking and dealing.
Books on the topic "Attempts at disruption"
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Lehtonen, Tuomas, and Linda Kaljundi, eds. Re-forming Texts, Music, and Church Art in the Early Modern North. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789089647375.
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Our historical understanding of the Reformation in northern Europe has tended to privilege the idea of disruption and innovation over continuity - yet even the most powerful reformation movements drew on and exchanged ideas with earlier cultural and religious practices. This volume attempts to right the balance, bringing together a roster of experts to trace the continuities between the medieval and early modern period in the Nordic realm, while enabling us to see the Reformation and its changes in a new light.
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Bell, Christine, and Rhys Ainsworth. Constitution-Building and Disruption: Addressing Changing Conflict Patterns. International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (International IDEA), Peace and Conflict Resolution Evidence Platform and the Edinburgh Centre for Constitutional Law, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31752/idea.2022.50.
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The theme for the 2021 Edinburgh Dialogue was ‘The Changing International Order and Its Impact on Constitution Building Support’. This Dialogue sought to contribute new thinking on the constitutional implications likely to be triggered by changes to both the international order and the nature of conflict in the past decade, in particular given their impact on the peacebuilding field, which attempts to revise the underlying political settlement. The discussion was premised on an increasing sense within the social science academy and among practitioners that the post-Cold War global order for dealing with intrastate conflict has been fundamentally disrupted. Debates within comparative politics, international relations and international law—to a much greater extent than in comparative constitutional law—are dealing with the shift in the geopolitical balance of power—even if this shift has not yet reached the institutional architecture of the international order. Acknowledging these changing conflict dynamics, some of the ‘models’ with which international actors attempt to assist stakeholders’ exit from conflict—including by constitutionalizing political and legal institutions—are (or should be) changing.
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Prassl, Jeremias. Disrupting the Disruptors. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198797012.003.0006.
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This chapter turns to the regulation of work in the on-demand economy. To the extent that ‘disruption’ has become tech-speak for breaking the law, the time has come to ‘disrupt the disruptors’. On-demand gigs, tasks, and rides are work, rather than entrepreneurship—and should be recognized as such. This means that the industry needs to be brought within the scope of employment law. Legal systems across the world have learned to respond to employers’ attempts to mischaracterize work as independent entrepreneurship by focusing on the reality of the underlying relationship instead; in more complex multilateral scenarios, a further question crops up as to who should be the responsible employer. The time has come to rethink substantive employment law norms, from portable ratings to higher wages for non-guaranteed hours.
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Thompson, Ashley. Contemporary Cambodian Buddhist Traditions. Edited by Michael Jerryson. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199362387.013.32.
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Attentive to the oxymoron of its title, this chapter looks for insight into the contemporary moment through an extended examination of traditions, or symptoms, rooted in the past. Accordingly, the chapter explores a series of transformative periods of Cambodian history as a means of sketching a description of the distinctive traits of contemporary Cambodian Theravada Buddhist traditions. These include the assimilation of Buddhism with the state embodied by the monarch, (dis)investment in language, temples as sites of sociopolitical organization or disruption as it were, and the recurrent denaturing of Buddhism even, though not only in attempts to restore the religion’s supposed authenticity.
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Hondius, Ewoud, Marta Santos Silva, Andrea Nicolussi, Pablo Salvador Coderch, Christiane Wendehorst, and Fryderyk Zoll, eds. Coronavirus and the Law in Europe. Intersentia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9781839701801.
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On 30 January 2020, in response to the globalisation of COVID-19, the World Health Organization declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. The deadly outbreak has caused unprecedented disruption to travel and trade and is raising pressing legal questions across all disciplines, which this book attempts to address. <br><br>The aims of this book are twofold. First, it is intended to serve as a 'toolbox' for domestic and European judges, who are now dealing with the interpretation of COVID-19-related legislation and administrative measures, as well as the disruption the pandemic has caused to society and fundamental rights. Second, it aims to assist businesses and citizens who wish to be informed about the implications of the virus in the existence, performance and enforcement of their contracts. <br><br><i>Coronavirus and the Law in Europe</i> is probably the largest academic publication on the impact of pandemics on the law. This academic endeavour is a joint, collaborative effort to structure the recent and ongoing legal developments into a coherent and pan-European overview on coronavirus and the law. It covers practically all European countries and legal disciplines and comprises contributions from more than 80 highly reputed European academics and practitioners.
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Bertolaso, Marta, and John Dupré. A Processual Perspective on Cancer. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198779636.003.0016.
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This chapter attempts to illuminate the dynamic stability of the organism and the robustness of its developmental pathway by considering the biology of cancer. Healthy development and stable functioning of a multicellular organism require an exquisitely regulated balance between processes of cell division, differentiation, and death (apoptosis). Cancer involves a disruption of this balance, which results in unregulated cell proliferation. The thesis defended in this chapter is that the coupling between proliferation and differentiation, whether normal or pathological (as in cancer), is best understood within a process-ontological framework. This framework emphasizes the interactions and mutual stabilizations between processes at different levels and this, in turn, explains the difficulty in allocating the neoplastic process to any particular level (genetic, epigenetic, cellular, or histological). Understanding these interactions is likely to be a precondition of a proper understanding of how these mutual regulations are disrupted in the processes we call cancerous.
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Turner, Neil. Mechanisms of glomerular injury. Edited by Neil Turner. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0045.
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Proteinuric diseases, historically termed ‘nephrosis’, are characterized by subtle abnormalities in podocytes or by abnormal glomerular matrix, including the scarring laid down by inflammatory diseases. Angiotensin blockers, corticosteroids, calcineurin inhibitors, and a wide range of other drugs known or believed to be effective in different renal diseases, appear to have direct effects on podocytes that reduce proteinuria that may be important to their effectiveness. Several of these have previously been assumed to work via haemodynamic, immune or other modes. Haematuric diseases are characterized by inflammatory disruption of the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) (‘nephritis’), or less commonly by fragile GBM without inflammation. The majority of haematuric conditions are slowly or rapidly destructive diseases associated with infiltration of inflammatory cells, and proliferation of endogenous cells of the glomerulus, probably in attempts at repair. With time, many haematuric diseases are associated with the development of proteinuria, possibly as a consequence of scarring and its effects on podocyte function.
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Mgutshini, Tennyson, Kunle Oparinde, and Vaneshree Govender, eds. Covid-19: Interdisciplinary Explorations of Impacts on Higher Education. African Sun Media, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52779/9781991201195.
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Premised on the disruption and lessons learnt from the Covid-19 pandemic, and in meticulous response to the impact of the pandemic on higher education – especially in South Africa – this collection of chapters spotlights the effects, consequences, and ramifications of an unprecedented pandemic in the areas of knowledge production, knowledge transfer and innovation. With the pandemic, the traditional way of teaching and learning was completely upended. It is within this context that this book presents interdisciplinary perspectives that focus on what the impact of Covid-19 implies for higher education institutions. Contributors have critically reflected from within their specific academic disciplines in their attempt to proffer solutions to the disruptions brought to the South African higher education space. Academics and education leaders have particularly responded to the objective of this book by focusing on how the academia could tackle the Covid-19 motivated disruption and resuscitate teaching, research, and innovation activities in South African higher education, and the whole of Africa by extension.
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Kimonis, Eva R., and Georgette E. Fleming. Disruptive and Conduct Disorders, Delinquency. Edited by Thomas H. Ollendick, Susan W. White, and Bradley A. White. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190634841.013.27.
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Disruptive and conduct disorders, comprising oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder, are characterized by behaviors that violate the rights of others or bring the individual into significant conflict with societal norms or authority figures. These disorders are highly prevalent, emerge early in childhood, and are associated with profound disability and societal burden. Given the heterogeneity in presentation and outcomes of youth with disruptive and conduct disorders, attempts have been made to identify more homogeneous subgroups. Notably, children displaying callous–unemotional traits (e.g., lack of empathy, remorse/guilt) represent a distinct group with severe, aggressive, and chronic conduct problems. To identify this and other important clinical considerations, it is imperative that conduct problem assessment is effective and comprehensive. Assessment findings should inform implementation of evidence-based treatment tailored to the child’s and family’s individual needs. Additional clinical considerations and recommendations for the next frontiers of research into disruptive and conduct disorders are discussed.
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McCluskey, John. Richard Wright and the Season of Manifestoes. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252037023.003.0006.
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This chapter studies the significance of the timing of Richard Wright's “Blueprint for Writing” and its applications to his nonfiction work, specifically his early journalism and work as a journal editor. The chapter places Wright's piece among the earliest in an international flurry of black diaspora manifestoes articulating generational and language disruptions. This is especially the case for Haitian and other francophone writers whom Wright would join in Paris by 1947. In their attempt to resist American oppression and French colonialism, nearly all called upon a return to embrace folklore, traditional expressive culture, and the complexity of their own history. Wright internationalizes the Chicago impulses coursing through the literary thought of his generation throughout the African diaspora.
Book chapters on the topic "Attempts at disruption"
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Herrigel, Gary. "Experimentalist Systems in Manufacturing Multinationals: Recursivity and Continuous Learning Through Destabilization." In Knowledge for Governance, 415–39. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-47150-7_18.
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AbstractThis chapter explores manufacturing MNC governance practices under conditions of uncertainty. It shows that organized recursivity in knowledge flow and practice (“experimentalism”) can diffuse learning and innovation throughout the MNC. Three sorts of obstacles, however, are common: hierarchical insulation, stakeholder exclusion, and inadequate empowerment resources for participants. These obstacles exist not only ex ante, as firms attempt to construct formal experimentalist systems; they also are continually regenerated by the experimentalist dynamics themselves. In order to avoid disruption of recursive flow, MNCs are developing an array of destabilization mechanisms to undermine obstacles and reconstitute the deliberative experimentalist learning process.
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Sidibé, Ousmane Oumarou. "Do Performance Indicators Improve the Effectiveness of Development Aid?" In The New Politics of Numbers, 253–74. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78201-6_8.
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AbstractInspired by benchmarking techniques, performance indicators have now become essential criteria for measuring the effectiveness of public policies, based on quantitative objectives, in the context of Results Based Management (RBM). They are increasingly used by international donors to guide the delivery of aid to Third World countries. This article attempts to highlight the role of these performance indicators in disrupting public policies in Africa. It highlights their perverse effects, re-examines the meaning of indicator-based management, and rests on the question of the autonomy of countries receiving aid in the conduct of their public policies.
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Carson, Dean B., Doris A. Carson, Per Axelsson, Peter Sköld, and Gabriella Sköld. "Disruptions and Diversions: The Demographic Consequences of Natural Disasters in Sparsely Populated Areas." In The Demography of Disasters, 81–99. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49920-4_5.
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Abstract The Eight Ds model (Carson and Carson 2014) explains the unique characteristics of human and economic geography for sparsely populated areas (SPAs) as disconnected, discontinuous, diverse, detailed, dynamic, distant, dependent and delicate. According to the model, SPAs are subject to dramatic changes in demographic characteristics that result from both identifiable black swan events and less apparent tipping points in longer-term processes of demographic change (Carson et al. 2011). The conceptual foundations for this assertion are clear. Populations in SPAs can experience large and long-term impacts on the overall demographic structure as a result of decisions by a relatively small number of people. High levels of migration and mobility cause constant shifts in the demographic profile and prime SPAs to adapt to many different demographic states (Carson and Carson 2014). The Northern Territory of Australia, for example, experienced previously unseen waves of pre-retirement aged migrants in the past decade or so (Martel et al. 2013) as evidence of detailed but important changes to past trends. However, while dramatic demographic changes are conceptually possible and occasionally observable, there have been few attempts to examine the conditions under which such changes are likely to occur or not to occur. This is an important question particularly in relation to black swan events such as natural disasters because effective disaster management policy and planning is at least partially dependent on understanding who is affected and in what ways (Bird et al. 2013).
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Hefling, Charles. "Disruption." In The Book of Common Prayer: A Guide, 155–78. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190689681.003.0008.
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Three main topics are discussed in this chapter. One is the Hampton Court conference, the first of three largely unsuccessful attempts to take account of objections to the Book of Common Prayer on the part of “godly” protestant nonconformists. Another is the counter-puritan movement known as Laudianism and the abortive Prayer Book for Scotland, known as “Laud’s Liturgy.” The third topic is the parliamentary abolishment of the Prayer Book in England, which had the unintended consequence of elevating its status as a sacred text for those who continued to use it until its return as the Church of England’s statutory liturgy at the restoration of monarchy in 1660.
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Onuchowska, Agnieszka, and Gert-Jan de Vreede. "Disruption and Deception in Crowdsourcing." In Social Entrepreneurship, 722–42. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-8182-6.ch037.
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While crowdsourcing has become increasingly popular among organizations, it also has become increasingly susceptible to unethical and malicious activities. This article discusses recent examples of disruptive and deceptive efforts on crowdsourcing sites, which impacted the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the crowdsourcing efforts' service, stakeholders, and data. From these examples, the authors derive an organizing framework of risk types associated with disruption and deception in crowdsourcing based on commonalities among incidents. The framework includes prank activities, the intentional placement of false information, hacking attempts, DDoS attacks, botnet attacks, privacy violation attempts, and data breaches. Finally, the authors discuss example controls that can assist in identifying and mitigating disruption and deception risks in crowdsourcing.
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Onuchowska, Agnieszka, and Gert-Jan de Vreede. "Disruption and Deception in Crowdsourcing." In Crowdsourcing, 215–35. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-8362-2.ch011.
Full textAbstract:
While crowdsourcing has become increasingly popular among organizations, it also has become increasingly susceptible to unethical and malicious activities. This article discusses recent examples of disruptive and deceptive efforts on crowdsourcing sites, which impacted the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the crowdsourcing efforts' service, stakeholders, and data. From these examples, the authors derive an organizing framework of risk types associated with disruption and deception in crowdsourcing based on commonalities among incidents. The framework includes prank activities, the intentional placement of false information, hacking attempts, DDoS attacks, botnet attacks, privacy violation attempts, and data breaches. Finally, the authors discuss example controls that can assist in identifying and mitigating disruption and deception risks in crowdsourcing.
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Mallon, Ryan. "The Age of Unions? Dissenting Reunion, 1847–63." In Dissent After Disruption, 87–112. Edinburgh University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474482790.003.0005.
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While the Disruption marked the culmination of over a century of schism within Scottish Presbyterianism, the decade followed saw a series of reunions with Presbyterian dissent. This chapter covers three major events: the 1847 ‘voluntary’ union between the United Secession and Relief churches; the 1852 merger of the establishmentarian Original Secession Church into the Free Church; and the 1857 resolutions to unite the Free and United Presbyterian churches. Though the unions of 1847 and 1852 were on the surface based on competing voluntary and establishment principles respectively, this chapter argues that a dissenting (but not voluntary) and a national (but not strictly establishmentarian) viewpoint emerged from these unions that paved the way for the albeit failed attempt to secure broader dissenting union in 1857, which would in essence create a national dissenting church to truly rival and possibly overtake the Established Church. While historians have generally tended to overlook these church unions, they offer valuable insight into the development of Presbyterian dissent after 1843. This chapter, and the section in general, places greater emphasis on inter-church co-operation within Scottish dissent between 1843 and 1863, and attempts to explain the background to the 1863 negotiations.
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Mallon, Ryan. "Recreating the Godly Commonwealth: Urban Mission and Social Reform." In Dissent After Disruption, 191–218. Edinburgh University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474482790.003.0008.
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Chapter Seven examines the social activism of the dissenting churches both within Scotland’s cities and in reform societies, in particular focusing on how Thomas Chalmers’ ideal of the godly commonwealth was reinterpreted in its new voluntary context, following the Poor Law Amendment Act of 1845. That Act removed an important pillar of the Church of Scotland’s control over Scottish society and placed Scotland’s dissenters on an equal footing with the Establishment, providing an opportunity for co-operation – and competition – on social issues, in particular urban evangelisation. However, the results were decidedly mixed. Did the increasingly urban middle-class character of the Free Church, traditionally associated with Scotland’s older dissenting churches and at odds with the new church’s claim to represent all Scots, hamper Chalmers’ aim to instil the godly commonwealth ideal throughout Scotland and create a national church that appealed to all classes? By assessing the attempts to recreate Chalmers’ dream of a church-led urban mission and the co-operative efforts made by dissenters on social issues such as housing, this chapter examines the attempts of the dissenting churches to reclaim Scotland’s ‘sunken’ masses, and questions whether a dissenting social vision was possible in the post-godly commonwealth period of the mid-nineteenth century.
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Jiménez-Martínez, César. "Integrative Disruption." In Advances in Media, Entertainment, and the Arts, 60–77. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-9967-0.ch005.
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Generally speaking, the study of media events as tools of political communication seems to have mainly focused on “integrative” events, such as sports competitions or staged celebrations (e.g. Dayan & Katz, 1992; Rivenburgh, 2010). Lately, there have also been calls to study “disruptive” situations, particularly terrorist acts (e.g. Katz & Liebes, 2007). Limited attention has been paid to the role that natural disasters or other catastrophes may play in this realm (e.g. Cottle, 2011). My chapter attempts to contribute in the latter line, focusing on the rescue of the Chilean miners of October 2010 and which arguably became one of the most relevant media events of recent history. Using Critical Discourse Analysis to examine the narratives constructed during the live coverage by local television station TVN and global broadcaster BBC World News, this chapter argues that, from a theoretical point of view, traditional categories such as “integrative” or “disruptive” appear to be ill equipped to deal with the current complexity of media events. In addition, despite the different accounts constructed by local and global media, media events seem to be much more cohesive and restricted to what has been recently argued by some scholars (e.g. Hepp & Couldry, 2010). Thus, it appears that governments can potentially use catastrophes to build narratives useful to advance different political, economic or cultural purposes. However, in order to reach that cohesion, a series of controversial issues are left out of these narratives, for instance, in this case, the responsibility of the owners of the mine in the accident, the poor security conditions of the excavation site or the fierce control of communications imposed by the government.
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"I. The disruption of the Ottoman monetary system and attempts to manage the crisis." In The Business of State, 55–72. De Gruyter, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783112209431-006.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Attempts at disruption"
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Zhou, Yu, Ruhai Wang, Xingya Liu, Lei Yang, Jie Liang, and Kanglian Zhao. "Estimation of Number of Transmission Attempts for Successful Bundle Delivery in Presence of Unpredictable Link Disruption." In 2021 IEEE 8th International Conference on Space Mission Challenges for Information Technology (SMC-IT). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/smc-it51442.2021.00019.
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Bulut, Cihan, Elchin Suleymanov, and Fakhri Hasanov. "Problems Encountered during the Transition to Market Economy in Azerbaijan and Solution Attempts." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c04.00681.
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After re-gaining its independence on 18 October 1991, the Republic of Azerbaijan started to transform to the market-based economy and to integrate into the world economy. The country’s oil and natural gas reserves have been considered the main source for financing range of government programs for reforms. On the one hand, these reserves had to be used effectively; on the other hand, there was a huge demand for foreign investment for extraction. To this end, Azerbaijan has signed “Contract of the Century” in 1994. Although Azerbaijan has wide oil and natural gas reserves, it has faced a number of difficulties in its transition way. This study analyzes these problems and reforms for solving them. One of the types of the problems were related to the economic structure of the former Soviet Union: disruption of the economic ties between the republics resulted in decline of production, high levels of unemployment and prices and consequently led to an economic recession in all of the republics. Another set of problems was related to lack of sufficient institutional bases to transform to the market economy. Moreover, internal conflicts between the political parties and groups for having authority as well as political chaos in the republic can be considered other serious problems during the transition period. Furthermore, Karabakh war and occupation of 20 percent of the Azerbaijani territory by the Armenian military forces had made the situation extremely complicated. Despite all of these extremes, Azerbaijan transformed to the market-based economy decidedly and even became one of the fast growing countries of the world. Even in 2006, with the GDP growth rate of 34.5 percent, Azerbaijan was a leader among growing economies. In parallel with this significant economic development, there is still a need for some socio-economic and institutional reforms in order to get a well-functioned market-based economy in Azerbaijan.
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Gunarathne, Ruchira T., and Yapa Mahinda Bandara. "Developing a National Eco-System for Sustainable Vegatable Supply Chain in Sri Lanka." In ERU Symposium 2021. Engineering Research Unit (ERU), University of Moratuwa, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31705/eru.2021.8.
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Fruits and vegetables supply chain in Sri Lanka has always been a contemporary topic due to its significant value to the economy of the country. The existing fruits and vegetables supply chain is already suffering from dilemmas such as high price fluctuations, excess supply and wastage, involvement of large number of intermediaries and lack of infrastructure. The recent Covid-19 pandemic has put a tremendous pressure on already trembling supply chains. Sudden lock downs have led to disruption of existing distribution channels resulting farmers throwing away millions of tons of fresh fruits and vegetables while consumers in urban areas paying extremely high prices for fresh produce. The current situations clearly demonstrate the need for a more responsive and integrated vegetables supply chain for Sri Lanka. This paper attempts to create a conceptual model for the vegetable supply chain ecosystem for Sri Lanka.
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Barakat, Mahmoud, Ahmed Ali, Islam Abdelbary, and Mai Haroun. "The impact of supply chain integration on operational performance through resilience under COVID-19 pandemic." In The 8th International Conference on Advanced Materials and Systems. INCDTP - Leather and Footwear Research Institute (ICPI), Bucharest, Romania, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24264/icams-2020.iii.2.
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COVID-19 has now unleashed a global supply chain crisis across a huge number of organizations, stemming from a lack of understanding and flexibility of the multiple layers of their global supply chains. In addition to the lack of efficient management through unpredicted events and occasions. Drawing on extended resources based view and resilience theory, this paper attempts to shed the light on the mediating role of resilience between supply chain integration and organizational performance represented in quality, cost and delivery performance during the COVID-19 pandemic. 224 questionnaires were collected and analyzed through process macro technique proposed by Andrew Hayes to test the mediating role of resilience. The results indicated that resilience can significantly mediate the relationship between supply chain integration and quality, cost and delivery performance. Therefore, this paper contributes to both extended resources based view and resilience theory. As it empathize on how organizations can acquire a unique bundle of resources through integration, which will allow them to maintain a desirable level of performance during market disruption through building resilience. The results will practically guide organizations to invest in building resilience in order to be able to cope with unexpected events that disrupts the business environment such as COVID19.
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Şahin, Tarık, David Inkermann, and Thomas Vietor. "Towards Consistent Value Orientation in Release Planning." In ASME 2019 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2019-98185.
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Abstract Product development is experiencing a paradigm shift under the impact of highly segmented and rapidly evolving markets. The intention to offer successful products in such turbulent conditions forces companies to provide value comprehensively but rapidly. These attempts conceal a high risk of rising product complexities and development efforts. For this reason, the aim of design should be to maintain or improve value contribution according to customer and market demands with fast response time while reducing internal product disruption and development efforts. A proactive planning of continuous value contribution by introducing new product features, while considering the complexity of product structures and corresponding development efforts, is established in the field of release planning. Here, systematic ways are proposed to support the identification and timing of product features to provide value for customers and markets as well as the consideration and planning of according efforts for their realization. However, the literature highlights a need for more consistent value orientation in release planning. For this reason, this contribution aims to present an outline and further steps for consistent value orientation in release planning in the context of systems engineering. Accordingly, this contribution first discusses the significance of consistent value orientation during release planning activities. On this basis, requirements for consistent value orientation in release planning are presented and the respective current state of existing concepts are discussed. Ultimately, a framework towards consistent value orientation in release planning is presented with a concluding outlook for further research.
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Soltan, Mohamed, Buthaina Al Abdulla, AlReem Al Dosari, Kumaran Kannaiyan, and Reza Sadr. "Spray Performance of Alternative Jet Fuel Based Nanofuels at High-Ambient Conditions." In ASME 2018 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2018-87387.
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Dispersion of nanoparticles in pure fuels alters their key fuel physical properties, which could affect their atomization process, and in turn, their combustion and emission characteristics in a combustion chamber. Therefore, it is essential to have a thorough knowledge of the atomization characteristics of nanofuels (nanoparticles dispersed in pure fuels) to better understand their latter processes. This serves as the motivation for the present work, which attempts to gain a good understanding of the atomization process of the alternative, gas-to-liquid (GTL), jet fuel based nanofuels. The macroscopic spray characteristics such as spray cone angle, liquid sheet breakup, and liquid sheet velocity are determined by employing shadowgraph imaging technique. The effect of nanoparticles weight concentration and ambient pressures on the spray characteristics are investigated in a high pressure-high temperature constant volume spray rig. To this end, a pressure swirl nozzle with an exit diameter of 0.8 mm is used to atomize the fuels. The macroscopic spray results demonstrate that the nanoparticles dispersion at low concentrations affect the near nozzle region. The spray liquid sheet breakup distance is reduced by the presence of nanoparticle due to the early onset of disruption in the liquid sheet. Consequently, the liquid sheet velocity in that spray region is higher for nanofuels when compared to that of pure fuels. Also, the ambient pressure has a significant effect on the spray features as reported in the literature.
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Markopoulos, Evangelos, Hugo Rourke, and Hannu Vanharanta. "The Scandinavian Democratic Governmental Support Model for Start-Ups and Innovations (SDeGMSI)." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001528.
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Regional and national development has always been impacted with the synchronisation of the public and the private sector. The growth of privately owned enterprises contributes significantly to the national economy, employment and prosperity, but also to the national pride, brand name and reputation for further investments to be made in a country. Therefore the support of the public sector to the development of the private sector is mandatory for the public sector to keep its private sector and avoid a catastrophic brain drain. Scandinavia is one of the regions with remarkable achievements in innovation, science, technology and economy compared to its size, as league of nations and population with other countries or regions. This paper attempts to identify the main elements of the unique Scandinavian government business policy formula for innovation startup success, particularly in Sweden and Finland, which has been key in creating a region with an incredibly high density of “unicorns” (BN$ companies per capita), second to Silicon Valley.The paper has used a research methodology which is based on primary research taking the form of interviews and surveys, along with secondary research based on existing academic literature.The research conducted in this paper identifis and analyses tax structures, government favors, human resource bases, public private partnerships, social safety nets, venture capital and investment infrastructures, R&D investments, and business support systems available to entrepreneurs of the Scandinavian countries. Having identified such key elements, the paper propose a more globally applicable public sector model for the support and encouragement of startups, and business innovation. The model named Scandinavian Democratic Governmental Support Model for Start-Ups and Innovations (SDeGMSI) is based on the practices of Scandinavian governments, while also accounting factors such as cultural values, performance of local economies, and demographic characteristics. The democratic concept in the development of this model is supported by the Company Democracy Model, another Scandinavian innovation management model, and is critical for the fair and unbiased support of the government to all the organizations and startups that can demonstrate significant and valuable intellectual capital for the economy and the society. SDeGSISM is characterized by its triple-pyramid for public support of startups and Innovation and can be used to help develop more internationally competitive economies through the establishment of a series of publicly enforced innovation supports and changes to the business environment. The three interrelated pyramids of the model represent the levels of support provided by the government to start-ups (reversed pyramid 1), the types of organisations across which said support is distributed (pyramid 2), and the impact that support, once applied to start-ups, should have on an economic level (reversed pyramid 3). The pyramids, organised by volume of support provided, disruptive potential of businesses, and scale of impact, respectively, provide an indication and an assessment on how governments are aligned with the Nordic model for entrepreneurial support.Furthermore, structures, practices and metrics available in the model support the creation of more dynamic economies which favor market development and disruption over the continued market dominance of incumbents. The “market-favoring” economies which this model seeks to both encourage and foster are more conducive to economic dynamism and create greater opportunities for investors, as cycles of market disruption increases the potential for widespread returns.The paper indicates limitations on the proposed model and identifies areas of further research for future development and applications.
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Hulse, Daniel, Christopher Hoyle, Irem Y. Tumer, Kai Goebel, and Chetan Kulkarni. "Temporal Fault Injection Considerations in Resilience Quantification." In ASME 2020 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2020-22154.
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Abstract Resilience models assess a system’s ability to withstand disruption by quantifying the value of metrics (e.g. expected cost or loss) over time. When such a metric is the result of injecting faults in a dynamic model over an interval of time, it is important that it represent the statistical expectation of fault responses rather than a single response. Since fault responses vary over fault injection times, representing the statistical expectation of responses requires sampling a number of points. However, fault models are often built around computationally expensive dynamic simulations, and it is desirable to be able to iterate over designs as quickly as possible to improve system resilience. With this in mind, this paper explores approaches to sample fault injection times to minimize computational cost while accurately representing the expectation of fault resilience metrics over the set possible occurrence times. Two general approaches are presented: an a priori approach that attempts to minimize error without knowing the underlying cost function, and an a posteriori approach that minimizes error when the cost function is known. Among a priori methods, numerical integration minimizes error and computational time compared to Monte Carlo sampling, however both are prone to error when the metric’s fault response curve is discontinuous. While a posteriori approaches can locate and correct for these discontinuities, the resulting error reduction is not robust to design changes that shift the underlying location of discontinuities. The ultimate decision to use an a priori or a posteriori approach to quantify resilience is thus dependent on a number of considerations, including computational cost, the robustness of the approximation to design changes, and the underlying form of the resilience function.
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Miller, Mark, and Sam Holley. "Assessing Human Factors and Cyber Attacks at the Human-Machine Interface: Threats to Safety and Pilot and Controller Performance." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1002204.
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The current state of automated digital information in aviation continues to expand rapidly as NextGen ADS-B(In) systems become more common in the form of Electronic Flight Bag (EFB) pad devices brought onto the flight deck. Integrated systems including satellites, aircraft, and air traffic control (ATC) data currently are not effectively encrypted and invite exposure to cyber attacks targeting flight decks and ATC facilities. The NextGen ATC system was not designed from the outset to identify and nullify cyber threats or attempts at disruption, and the safety gap has enlarged. Performance error at digital human-machine interfaces (HMI) has been well documented in aviation and now presents a potentially significant threat where the HMI can be more susceptible to human error from cyber attacks. Examples of HMI errors arising from digital information produced by automated systems are evaluated by the authors using HMI flaws discovered in recent Boeing 737-Max accidents. SHELL computer diagrams for both the digital flight deck and ATC facilities illustrate how the system is now interconnected for potential cyber threats and identifies how human factors consequences compromising HMI safety and operator performance present potential dangers. Aviation Safety and Reporting System (ASRS) data are examined and confirm HMI threats. The authors contrast various HMI errors with cyber attack effects on cognition, situational awareness, and decision making. A focused examination to assess cyber attack effects on cognitive metrics suggests cognitive clarity of operators is confounded when confronted with conflicting or confusing indications at the HMI. Difficulty in successfully identifying a cyber attack and the actions taken as human factors countermeasures are illustrated in the context of the HMI environment. The Human Factors Analysis and Classification System (HFACS) is used to show how cyber attacks could occur and be addressed along with a dual-path solution.Keywords: NextGen, Cyber attack, SHELL, HMI, Cognitive load, HFACS
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Suwasono, Purbo, Agus Suyudi, Nugroho Adi Pramono, and Eleeyah Saniso. "The use of blended learning as an attempt to improve students’ higher order thinking skills." In THE 4TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MATHEMATICS AND SCIENCE EDUCATION (ICoMSE) 2020: Innovative Research in Science and Mathematics Education in The Disruptive Era. AIP Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0043872.
Full textReports on the topic "Attempts at disruption"
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Heifetz, Yael, and Michael Bender. Success and failure in insect fertilization and reproduction - the role of the female accessory glands. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7695586.bard.
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The research problem. Understanding of insect reproduction has been critical to the design of insect pest control strategies including disruptions of mate-finding, courtship and sperm transfer by male insects. It is well known that males transfer proteins to females during mating that profoundly affect female reproductive physiology, but little is known about the molecular basis of female mating response and no attempts have yet been made to interfere with female post-mating responses that directly bear on the efficacy of fertilization. The female reproductive tract provides a crucial environment for the events of fertilization yet thus far those events and the role of the female tract in influencing them are poorly understood. For this project, we have chosen to focus on the lower reproductive tract because it is the site of two processes critical to reproduction: sperm management (storage, maintenance, and release from storage) and fertilization. E,fforts during this project period centered on the elucidation of mating responses in the female lower reproductive tract The central goals of this project were: 1. To identify mating-responsive genes in the female lower reproductive tract using DNA microarray technology. 2. In parallel, to identify mating-responsive genes in these tissues using proteomic assays (2D gels and LC-MS/MS techniques). 3. To integrate proteomic and genomic analyses of reproductive tract gene expression to identify significant genes for functional analysis. Our main achievements were: 1. Identification of mating-responsive genes in the female lower reproductive tract. We identified 539 mating-responsive genes using genomic and proteomic approaches. This analysis revealed a shift from gene silencing to gene activation soon after mating and a peak in differential gene expression at 6 hours post-mating. In addition, comparison of the two datasets revealed an expression pattern consistent with the model that important reproductive proteins are pre-programmed for synthesis prior to mating. This work was published in Mack et al. (2006). Validation experiments using real-time PCR techniques suggest that microarray assays provide a conservativestimate of the true transcriptional activity in reproductive tissues. 2.lntegration of proteomics and genomics data sets. We compared the expression profiles from DNA microarray data with the proteins identified in our proteomic experiments. Although comparing the two data sets poses analyical challenges, it provides a more complete view of gene expression as well as insights into how specific genes may be regulated. This work was published in Mack et al. (2006). 3. Development of primary reproductive tract cell cultures. We developed primary cell cultures of dispersed reproductive tract cell types and determined conditions for organ culture of the entire reproductive tract. This work will allow us to rapidly screen mating-responsive genes for a variety of reproductive-tract specifi c functions. Scientific and agricultural significance. Together, these studies have defined the genetic response to mating in a part of the female reproductive tract that is critical for successful fertllization and have identified alarge set of mating-responsive genes. This work is the first to combine both genomic and proteomic approaches in determining female mating response in these tissues and has provided important insights into insect reproductive behavior.