Dissertations / Theses: 'Attali'

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Kelly, Caleb, and n/a. "Cracked and Broken Media in 20th and 21st Century Music and Sound." University of Canberra. Creative Communication, 2007. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20070601.135617.

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From the mid 20th century into the 21st, artists and musicians manipulated, cracked and broke audio media technologies to produce novel, unique and indeterminate sounds and performances. Artists such as John Cage, Nam June Paik, Milian Kn��k, Christian Marclay, Yasunao Tone, Oval and Otomo Yoshihide pulled apart the technologies of music playback, both the playback devices � phonographs and CD players � and the recorded media � vinyl records and Compact Discs. Based in the sound expansion of the 20th century musical avant garde, this practice connects the interdisciplinary Fluxus movement with late 20th century sound art and experimental electronic music. Cracked and broken media techniques play a significant role in 20th century music and sound, and continue to be productive into the 21st. The primary contribution of this thesis is to provide a novel and detailed historical account of these practices. In addition it considers theoretical approaches to this work. After considering approaches through critiques of recording media, and concepts of noise, this thesis proposes novel theorisations focusing on materiality and the everyday. Ultimately it proposes that these practices can be read as precursors to contemporary new media, as music and sound art cracked open the fixed structures of �old media� technologies for their own creative purposes.

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2

Martins, Junior Joaquim [UNESP]. "Filogenia molecular de Atta sexdens (Myrmicinae : Attini) e investigação de pseudogenes em formigas da tribo Attini." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/100527.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:30:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-02-25Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:01:08Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 martinsjunior_j_dr_rcla.pdf: 746203 bytes, checksum: 8df64ddac0b0c108babb6298e1aaf83e (MD5) Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) A formiga Atta sexdens possui ampla distribuição no continente Americano e é praga de várias culturas como citrus e cana-de-açúcar. Devido aos aspectos divergentes das últimas revisões morfológicas, ainda existem dúvidas se Atta sexdens é uma única espécie ou um grupo de espécies crípticas. Estudos baseados em caracteres moleculares são mais precisos para avaliar a filogenia de populações ou linhagens ainda próximas. Entretanto, esses estudos são comumente atrapalhados no seu curso pela coamplificação de numts, que são pseudogenes nucleares de origem mitocondrial e que podem levar a interpretação equivocada de relações filogenética se analisados conjuntamente com o seu homólogo mitocondrial. Por isso, no presente trabalho, nós apresentamos dois capítulos, em que no primeiro nós analisamos 100 ninhos de A. sexdens coletados ao longo do continente Americano, a fim de verificar a existência de espécies crípticas, bem com o tempo de divergência entre elas, avaliando a utilidade de marcadores nucleares e mitocondriais em estudos desta natureza; e no segundo capítulo nós investigamos a presença dos numts N1 e N2 em formigas de diversos gêneros da tribo Attini e caracterizamos um terceiro tipo de numt, que denominamos N3. Os resultados do primeiro capítulo, a partir de análises filogenéticas, utilizando genes nucleares e genes mitocondriais mostram que Atta sexdens pode ser divida em três espécies distintas corroborando Gonçalves (1965). As topologias das árvores filogenéticas obtidas apresentaram bom suporte para seus ramos, mas divergiram em relação a qual evento cladogenético ocorreu primeiro dentro de A. sexdens. A região IGS mitocondrial, devido à sua característica hipervariável, parece trazer ruído à análise filogenética. As análises de divergência indicam uma origem... The ant Atta sexdens is widely spread in the Americas and is a pest of several crops like citrus and cane sugar. Due to the divergent aspects of the last morphological revisions, there are still doubts whether Atta sexdens is a single species or a group of cryptic species. Studies based on molecular characters are more accurate for assessing the phylogeny of populations or lineages even close. However, these studies are often hampered in their course by co-amplification of numts, which are nuclear pseudogenes of mitochondrial origin and that can lead to misinterpretation of phylogenetic relationships were analyzed together with its counterpart in mitochondria. Therefore, in this paper, we present two chapters, where we looked first at 100 nests of A. sexdens collected throughout the American continent in order to verify the existence of cryptic species, together with the time of divergence between them, assessing the utility of nuclear and mitochondrial markers in studies of this nature, and in the second chapter we investigated the presence of numts N1 and N2 in various ant genera of the attine tribe and characterized a third type of numt, we called N3. The results of the first chapter, from phylogenetic analysis, using nuclear genes and mitochondrial genes show that Atta sexdens can be divided into three distinct species corroborating Gonçalves (1965). The topologies of phylogenetic trees obtained showed good support for their branches, but they differed as to which event occurred first within cladogenetic A. sexdens. The IGS region mitochondrial hypervariable due to its characteristic, seems to bring noise to the phylogenetic analysis. Analyses indicate a source of divergence of A. sexdens around 10 million years ago, relatively early in relation to the origin of the leaf-cutter ants results of the second chapter. The results confirmed our hypothesis that N1 had a more ancient... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

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3

Martins, Junior Joaquim. "Filogenia molecular de Atta sexdens (Myrmicinae : Attini) e investigação de pseudogenes em formigas da tribo Attini /." Rio Claro : [s.n.], 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/100527.

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Orientador: Mauricio Bacci Junior Coorientador: Henrique Ferreira Banca: Marcia Regina Brochetto Braga Banca: Sergio Russo Matioli Banca: Reinaldo Otavio A. Alves Brito Banca: João Miguel de Barros Alexandrino Resumo: A formiga Atta sexdens possui ampla distribuição no continente Americano e é praga de várias culturas como citrus e cana-de-açúcar. Devido aos aspectos divergentes das últimas revisões morfológicas, ainda existem dúvidas se Atta sexdens é uma única espécie ou um grupo de espécies crípticas. Estudos baseados em caracteres moleculares são mais precisos para avaliar a filogenia de populações ou linhagens ainda próximas. Entretanto, esses estudos são comumente atrapalhados no seu curso pela coamplificação de numts, que são pseudogenes nucleares de origem mitocondrial e que podem levar a interpretação equivocada de relações filogenética se analisados conjuntamente com o seu homólogo mitocondrial. Por isso, no presente trabalho, nós apresentamos dois capítulos, em que no primeiro nós analisamos 100 ninhos de A. sexdens coletados ao longo do continente Americano, a fim de verificar a existência de espécies crípticas, bem com o tempo de divergência entre elas, avaliando a utilidade de marcadores nucleares e mitocondriais em estudos desta natureza; e no segundo capítulo nós investigamos a presença dos numts N1 e N2 em formigas de diversos gêneros da tribo Attini e caracterizamos um terceiro tipo de numt, que denominamos N3. Os resultados do primeiro capítulo, a partir de análises filogenéticas, utilizando genes nucleares e genes mitocondriais mostram que Atta sexdens pode ser divida em três espécies distintas corroborando Gonçalves (1965). As topologias das árvores filogenéticas obtidas apresentaram bom suporte para seus ramos, mas divergiram em relação a qual evento cladogenético ocorreu primeiro dentro de A. sexdens. A região IGS mitocondrial, devido à sua característica hipervariável, parece trazer ruído à análise filogenética. As análises de divergência indicam uma origem... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) Abstract: The ant Atta sexdens is widely spread in the Americas and is a pest of several crops like citrus and cane sugar. Due to the divergent aspects of the last morphological revisions, there are still doubts whether Atta sexdens is a single species or a group of cryptic species. Studies based on molecular characters are more accurate for assessing the phylogeny of populations or lineages even close. However, these studies are often hampered in their course by co-amplification of numts, which are nuclear pseudogenes of mitochondrial origin and that can lead to misinterpretation of phylogenetic relationships were analyzed together with its counterpart in mitochondria. Therefore, in this paper, we present two chapters, where we looked first at 100 nests of A. sexdens collected throughout the American continent in order to verify the existence of cryptic species, together with the time of divergence between them, assessing the utility of nuclear and mitochondrial markers in studies of this nature, and in the second chapter we investigated the presence of numts N1 and N2 in various ant genera of the attine tribe and characterized a third type of numt, we called N3. The results of the first chapter, from phylogenetic analysis, using nuclear genes and mitochondrial genes show that Atta sexdens can be divided into three distinct species corroborating Gonçalves (1965). The topologies of phylogenetic trees obtained showed good support for their branches, but they differed as to which event occurred first within cladogenetic A. sexdens. The IGS region mitochondrial hypervariable due to its characteristic, seems to bring noise to the phylogenetic analysis. Analyses indicate a source of divergence of A. sexdens around 10 million years ago, relatively early in relation to the origin of the leaf-cutter ants results of the second chapter. The results confirmed our hypothesis that N1 had a more ancient... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) Doutor

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Valadares, Lohan Cláudio Abreu. "Variações no perfil de hidrocarbonetos cuticulares das operárias de Atta sexdens (Myrmicinae: Attini)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/59/59131/tde-19052014-123237/.

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A integridade das sociedades de insetos depende da capacidade dos indivíduos em discriminar aqueles que não pertencem às suas colônias; essas interações de reconhecimento são mediadas por hidrocarbonetos presentes na camada de cera da cutícula e atuam como mensageiros que codificam informação sobre o meio interno (colônia) e externo (ambiente). Os hidrocarbonetos são produzidos por células dérmicas e o perfil desses compostos recebe influência tanto de fontes endógenas quanto exógenas e isso o torna suscetível às mudanças temporais. A caracterização desses compostos em insetos-praga é importante, pois provêm subsídios tanto para pesquisa básica como para o manejo e controle de pragas. Nesse contexto, o presente estudo abordou as variações dos hidrocarbonetos cuticulares em relação às subcastas morfológicas das operárias (condição endógena) e utilização do substrato foliar (variável exógena) na formiga-cortadeira Atta sexdens, conhecida como uma das principais pragas herbívoras da região Neotropical. Os compostos foram extraídos em solvente apolar hexano e as amostras foram analisadas em sistema de cromatografia a gás acoplado à espectrometria de massas (CG-MS). Foram identificados 30 hidrocarbonetos com cadeia carbônica entre 19 e 40 átomos distribuídos em três classes de compostos, sendo a dos hidrocarbonetos ramificados a mais representativa, especificamente os trimetialcanos. Foram encontradas variações significativas para todas as variáveis analisadas, sugerindo que as subcastas possuem assinaturas químicas semelhantes quanto à diversidade de compostos, mas com grandes diferenças na proporção relativa dos mesmos. Em relação ao substrato foliar, colônias que tiveram acesso ao mesmo recurso apresentam uma composição química cuticular mais semelhante em relação àquelas que tiveram acesso a um recurso diferente. Complementarmente, os testes comportamentais mostraram que, na presença de uma coespecífica intrusa, as operárias residentes são muito mais agressivas em relação àquelas que utilizaram outro tipo de substrato foliar. The integrity of insect societies relies on the ability of individuals to discriminate between nesmates from non-nestmates. These interactions are mediated by hydrocarbons spread all over the cuticle that act as messengers coding information about the colony and external environment. Cuticular hydrocarbons are produced by dermic cells and its composition is influenced by both endogenous and exogenous sources which makes them subject to temporal changes. Thus, this study approached the variations on this chemical profile in relation to the worker subcastes and type of foliar substrate used by leafcutter ant Atta sexdens, this species is known as one of the major neotropical herbivore pests and this kind of study is important because it can provide subsides in researches related to both basic biology as to pest control methods. The compounds were extracted using apolar solvent (hexane) and the samples were analyzed using gas chromatography - mass spectrometry technique (GC-MS). It was found 30 hydrocarbons which carbon chains varies between 19 and 40 atoms separated in three classes of compounds and the branched hydrocarbons as the most abundant one, especially the trimethyalcanes. The statistical analysis revealed significant differences on all the variables analyzed suggesting that subcastes possess similar chemical signatures as to the variety of compounds but with great differences in relative proportions thereof. Furthermore, the results show that foliar substrate has influence on the composition of cuticular hydrocarbons and concomitantly affect the interspecific recognition, thus colonies that had access to the same substrate has similar cuticular composition comparing to those who do not. Additionally, behavior tests showed that in the presence of a conspecific intruder the resident workers tend to be much more aggressive in relation to those who had fed on a different foliar substrate.

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Rodovalho, Cynara de Melo [UNESP]. "Caracterização do transcriptoma e genoma mitocondrial da formiga cortadeira Atta laevigata (Formicidae : Attini)." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/100531.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:30:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-02-24Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:41:10Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 rodovalho_cm_dr_rcla.pdf: 1352309 bytes, checksum: b91a746d690f5903c39601146a591fab (MD5) Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Formigas cortadeiras do gênero Atta, popularmente conhecidas como saúvas, são as mais derivadas dentro da tribo Attini. Apresentam grande importância ecológica, porém, pelo hábito de cortarem folhas para manutenção do fungo simbionte e pelo enorme tamanho das colônias, causam muitos prejuízos às lavouras, pastagens e plantações, sendo consideradas pragas agrícolas. Atta laevigata Smith, 1858 apresenta vasta distribuição pelo Brasil e é responsável pela herbivoria de inúmeras plantas dicotiledôneas, gramíneas e espécies nativas de diferentes biomas. O presente trabalho teve como objetivos a caracterização parcial do transcriptoma e do genoma mitocondrial de A. laevigata. Foram caracterizadas 2006 sequências únicas do transcriptoma, a partir de uma biblioteca de cDNA preparada com indivíduos inteiros da formiga. Entre essas sequências, 16 provavelmente representam genes com grande número de transcritos. Esses 16 genes estão relacionados a três funções celulares: (i) conservação de energia através de reações redox na mitocôndria; (ii) estrutural, pelo citoesqueleto e músculos; (iii) regulação da expressão gênica e metabolismo. Considerando o estilo de vida e processos biológicos chaves para essas formigas, 146 sequências foram identificadas com base na sua utilização para o controle de cortadeiras pragas. A partir de dados da biblioteca de cDNA e procedimentos envolvendo primer walking, o genoma mitocondrial de A. laevigata foi parcialmente caracterizado, apresentandose com 17920 pb, maior, portanto, do que outros já descritos em Hymenoptera, mesmo considerando-se a impossibilidade de determinação da sequência de uma pequena porção do mtDNA, envolvendo a região controle, uma parte do 12S e os tRNAs S1, V e M. Como já descrito para outros mitogenomas, o de A. laevigata apresentou alto conteúdo AT, os mesmos 13 genes codificadores... Leafcutter ants from Atta genus, popularly known as “saúvas”, are the most derived of the tribe Attini. They have major ecological importance, but, because of their habit of cutting leaves for the maintenance of the symbiotic fungus and the huge colony size, they impose severe economic damages to plantations, pastures, and agriculture, being considered as agriculture pests. Atta laevigata shows wide distribution in Brazil and it is responsible for the herbivory of many dicots, grass, and native species from different biomes. The present work aimed to characterize the transcriptome and the mitochondrial genome of A. laevigata. 2,006 unique sequences of the transcriptome were characterized from a cDNA library constructed with whole individuals. Among those sequences, 16 are likely from genes with high number of transcripts. Those 16 genes are related with three cellular functions: (i) energy conservation through redox reactions in mitochondria; (ii) cytoskeleton and muscle structuring; (iii) regulation of gene expression and metabolism. Based on lifestyle and key biological processes of these ants, 146 sequences were identified with potential use for controlling pest leafcutters. Using data from cDNA library and primer walking proceedings, the mitochondrial genome of A. laevigata was partially characterized with 17,920 bp, being larger than the others already described for Hymenoptera. A small part of the mtDNA was not sequenced, including the control region, a portion of 12S and tRNAs S1, V, and M. As described before for other mitogenomes, A. laevigata mtDNA displayed high AT contain, the same 13 proteincoding genes and the two ribosomal subunits with length and location according to the hypothetic ancestral mitogenome. Rearrangements were found for the tRNAs, but the most remarkable difference were the high number and longer length of intergenic regions presented in the mtDNA... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

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6

Rodovalho, Cynara de Melo. "Caracterização do transcriptoma e genoma mitocondrial da formiga cortadeira Atta laevigata (Formicidae : Attini) /." Rio Claro : [s.n.], 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/100531.

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Resumo: Formigas cortadeiras do gênero Atta, popularmente conhecidas como saúvas, são as mais derivadas dentro da tribo Attini. Apresentam grande importância ecológica, porém, pelo hábito de cortarem folhas para manutenção do fungo simbionte e pelo enorme tamanho das colônias, causam muitos prejuízos às lavouras, pastagens e plantações, sendo consideradas pragas agrícolas. Atta laevigata Smith, 1858 apresenta vasta distribuição pelo Brasil e é responsável pela herbivoria de inúmeras plantas dicotiledôneas, gramíneas e espécies nativas de diferentes biomas. O presente trabalho teve como objetivos a caracterização parcial do transcriptoma e do genoma mitocondrial de A. laevigata. Foram caracterizadas 2006 sequências únicas do transcriptoma, a partir de uma biblioteca de cDNA preparada com indivíduos inteiros da formiga. Entre essas sequências, 16 provavelmente representam genes com grande número de transcritos. Esses 16 genes estão relacionados a três funções celulares: (i) conservação de energia através de reações redox na mitocôndria; (ii) estrutural, pelo citoesqueleto e músculos; (iii) regulação da expressão gênica e metabolismo. Considerando o estilo de vida e processos biológicos chaves para essas formigas, 146 sequências foram identificadas com base na sua utilização para o controle de cortadeiras pragas. A partir de dados da biblioteca de cDNA e procedimentos envolvendo primer walking, o genoma mitocondrial de A. laevigata foi parcialmente caracterizado, apresentandose com 17920 pb, maior, portanto, do que outros já descritos em Hymenoptera, mesmo considerando-se a impossibilidade de determinação da sequência de uma pequena porção do mtDNA, envolvendo a região controle, uma parte do 12S e os tRNAs S1, V e M. Como já descrito para outros mitogenomas, o de A. laevigata apresentou alto conteúdo AT, os mesmos 13 genes codificadores... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) Abstract: Leafcutter ants from Atta genus, popularly known as "saúvas", are the most derived of the tribe Attini. They have major ecological importance, but, because of their habit of cutting leaves for the maintenance of the symbiotic fungus and the huge colony size, they impose severe economic damages to plantations, pastures, and agriculture, being considered as agriculture pests. Atta laevigata shows wide distribution in Brazil and it is responsible for the herbivory of many dicots, grass, and native species from different biomes. The present work aimed to characterize the transcriptome and the mitochondrial genome of A. laevigata. 2,006 unique sequences of the transcriptome were characterized from a cDNA library constructed with whole individuals. Among those sequences, 16 are likely from genes with high number of transcripts. Those 16 genes are related with three cellular functions: (i) energy conservation through redox reactions in mitochondria; (ii) cytoskeleton and muscle structuring; (iii) regulation of gene expression and metabolism. Based on lifestyle and key biological processes of these ants, 146 sequences were identified with potential use for controlling pest leafcutters. Using data from cDNA library and primer walking proceedings, the mitochondrial genome of A. laevigata was partially characterized with 17,920 bp, being larger than the others already described for Hymenoptera. A small part of the mtDNA was not sequenced, including the control region, a portion of 12S and tRNAs S1, V, and M. As described before for other mitogenomes, A. laevigata mtDNA displayed high AT contain, the same 13 proteincoding genes and the two ribosomal subunits with length and location according to the hypothetic ancestral mitogenome. Rearrangements were found for the tRNAs, but the most remarkable difference were the high number and longer length of intergenic regions presented in the mtDNA... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) Orientador: Maurício Bacci Júnior Coorientador: Henrique Ferreira Banca: Flavio Henrique da Silva Banca: Marco Antonio del Lama Banca: Mariana Lúcio Lyra Banca: Klaus Hartmann Hartfelder Doutor

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Kakazu, Sérgio [UNESP]. "Prospecção de marcadores microssatélites e análise da estrutura populacional em Atta laevigata (Formicidae: Attini)." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/87732.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:22:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-03-01Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:50:07Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 kakazu_s_me_rcla.pdf: 402737 bytes, checksum: ddcc92c74e1b42c9eb74e821446b45a0 (MD5) Estudos recentes realizados no Laboratório de Evolução Molecular, Centro de Estudos de Insetos Sociais, Instituto de Biociências, UNESP – Campus Rio Claro, Brasil, evidenciaram a existência de duas linhagens de Atta laevigata, caracterizadas por marcadores mitocondriais, como clados irmãos dentro do grupo Atta, sugerindo isolamento reprodutivo e monofilia recíproca, resultantes de uma especiação recente. Portanto, Atta laevigata parece ser formada por dois pools gênicos distintos, cada um deles pertencente a uma possível espécie biológica distinta. Um alto grau de variação morfológica dificulta a diferenciação das duas prováveis espécies pela análise dos espinhos das operárias, que são os caracteres informativos à Taxonomia usualmente utilizados. Ainda que haja caracterização de genes mitocondriais, as informações filogenéticas moleculares resultantes dizem respeito somente à matrilinhagem, sendo necessária uma caracterização molecular por marcadores co-dominantes, como os microssatélites (SSRs), para testar a hipótese de ausência de fluxo gênico resultante de uma especiação recente. Na presente Dissertação de Mestrado, microssatélites foram isolados, amplificados e tiveram seu polimorfismo analisado para, a seguir, testar a existência de fluxo gênico entre as duas matrilinhagens. Nós apresentamos os resultados da construção de uma biblioteca enriquecida com SSRs e o desenho de primers para 23 locos microssatélites, para os quais protocolos de PCR foram otimizados e permitiram caracterizar o polimorfismo desses marcadores. Em 36 indivíduos da região Sudeste pertencentes à linhagem mitocondrial 2, oito loci apresentaram padrões de amplificação satisfatórios incluindo SSRs com tri e dinucleotídeos. Dois a 2 dezesseis alelos por locus foram encontrados e a heterozigosidade esperada variou... Recent studies performed at the Laboratory of Molecular Evolution, Centre for the Study of Social Insects, Biosciences Institute, UNESP - Rio Claro, Brazil, evidenced the existence of two lineage of Atta laevigata, characterized by mitochondrial markers, as sister clades within the group Atta, suggesting reproductive isolation and reciprocal monophyly as a result of a recent speciation. Therefore, Atta laevigata appears to be formed by two distinct gene pools, each belonging to a potential distinct biological species. A high degree of morphological variation difficult the differentiation of the two potential species by analysis of the spines of workers, which are usually informative characters to the Taxonomy. The molecular phylogenetic information from mitochondrial genes reflects only the matrilineage, being necessary a molecular characterization of 3 co-dominant marker, such as microsatellites (SSR) to test the hypothesis of absence of gene flow resulting from a recent speciation. In this Dissertation, microsatellites were isolated, amplified, analyzed for their polymorphism, and used to test gene flow between the two matrilineages. We present the results of the construction of a library enriched with SSRs and design of primers for 23 microsatellite loci for which PCR protocols were optimized and used to characterize the polymorphism of these markers. In 36 individuals from the Southeast region and belonging to the mitochondrial lineage 2, eight loci showed satisfactory amplification patterns including SSRs with tri-and dinucleotides. Two to sixteen alleles per locus were found and the expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.07 to 0.94. The amplification of heterologous loci in another species of Atta, A. robusta, yielded positive result. One of the microsatellite loci showed significant deviation from... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

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Kakazu, Sergio. "Prospecção de marcadores microssatélites e análise da estrutura populacional em Atta laevigata (Formicidae: Attini) /." Rio Claro : [s.n.], 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/87732.

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Resumo: Estudos recentes realizados no Laboratório de Evolução Molecular, Centro de Estudos de Insetos Sociais, Instituto de Biociências, UNESP - Campus Rio Claro, Brasil, evidenciaram a existência de duas linhagens de Atta laevigata, caracterizadas por marcadores mitocondriais, como clados irmãos dentro do grupo Atta, sugerindo isolamento reprodutivo e monofilia recíproca, resultantes de uma especiação recente. Portanto, Atta laevigata parece ser formada por dois pools gênicos distintos, cada um deles pertencente a uma possível espécie biológica distinta. Um alto grau de variação morfológica dificulta a diferenciação das duas prováveis espécies pela análise dos espinhos das operárias, que são os caracteres informativos à Taxonomia usualmente utilizados. Ainda que haja caracterização de genes mitocondriais, as informações filogenéticas moleculares resultantes dizem respeito somente à matrilinhagem, sendo necessária uma caracterização molecular por marcadores co-dominantes, como os microssatélites (SSRs), para testar a hipótese de ausência de fluxo gênico resultante de uma especiação recente. Na presente Dissertação de Mestrado, microssatélites foram isolados, amplificados e tiveram seu polimorfismo analisado para, a seguir, testar a existência de fluxo gênico entre as duas matrilinhagens. Nós apresentamos os resultados da construção de uma biblioteca enriquecida com SSRs e o desenho de primers para 23 locos microssatélites, para os quais protocolos de PCR foram otimizados e permitiram caracterizar o polimorfismo desses marcadores. Em 36 indivíduos da região Sudeste pertencentes à linhagem mitocondrial 2, oito loci apresentaram padrões de amplificação satisfatórios incluindo SSRs com tri e dinucleotídeos. Dois a 2 dezesseis alelos por locus foram encontrados e a heterozigosidade esperada variou... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) Abstract: Recent studies performed at the Laboratory of Molecular Evolution, Centre for the Study of Social Insects, Biosciences Institute, UNESP - Rio Claro, Brazil, evidenced the existence of two lineage of Atta laevigata, characterized by mitochondrial markers, as sister clades within the group Atta, suggesting reproductive isolation and reciprocal monophyly as a result of a recent speciation. Therefore, Atta laevigata appears to be formed by two distinct gene pools, each belonging to a potential distinct biological species. A high degree of morphological variation difficult the differentiation of the two potential species by analysis of the spines of workers, which are usually informative characters to the Taxonomy. The molecular phylogenetic information from mitochondrial genes reflects only the matrilineage, being necessary a molecular characterization of 3 co-dominant marker, such as microsatellites (SSR) to test the hypothesis of absence of gene flow resulting from a recent speciation. In this Dissertation, microsatellites were isolated, amplified, analyzed for their polymorphism, and used to test gene flow between the two matrilineages. We present the results of the construction of a library enriched with SSRs and design of primers for 23 microsatellite loci for which PCR protocols were optimized and used to characterize the polymorphism of these markers. In 36 individuals from the Southeast region and belonging to the mitochondrial lineage 2, eight loci showed satisfactory amplification patterns including SSRs with tri-and dinucleotides. Two to sixteen alleles per locus were found and the expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.07 to 0.94. The amplification of heterologous loci in another species of Atta, A. robusta, yielded positive result. One of the microsatellite loci showed significant deviation from... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) Orientador: Maurício Bacci Júnior Coorientador: Alexandra Sanches Banca: Marco Antonio del Lama Banca: Cibele Biondo Mestre

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Figueroa, Falcão Poliana. "Efeito da fragmentação florestal na diversidade de plantas cortadas pela formiga cortadeira Atta cephalotes." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2004. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/797.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-12T15:05:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 arquivo4669_1.pdf: 1092673 bytes, checksum: 5c908f5008336af54124196d541e4cc3 (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004 Este estudo testou a hipótese que a riqueza e a diversidade de material vegetal coletado por colônias das formigas cortadeiras Atta cephalotes são menores em áreas perturbadas como bordas de floresta e fragmentos devido a maior proporção de espécies pioneiras nessas áreas. O trabalho foi realizado em uma área de floresta Atlântica, no nordeste do Brasil (8o 30 S; 35o 50 W). Quinze colônias de Atta cephalotes foram acompanhadas por um ano. A carga vegetal trazida pelas formigas foi coletada e separada em: folhas, flores, frutos e outros. Das 483 morfoespécies vegetais coletadas pelas colônias de Atta cephalotes foram identificadas 93 espécies, pertencentes a 44 famílias e 66 gêneros. As colônias coletaram principalmente folhas de espécies com hábito arbóreo e estratégia de regeneração pioneira. Entretanto, os resultados não corroboram essa hipótese, não havendo diferença na riqueza e diversidade de espécies vegetais coletadas pelas colônias de interior, borda e fragmento, apesar de em alguns meses as colônias coletarem maior proporção de poucas espécies nesses dois últimos habitats. Esse resultado foi devido a maior área de forrageamento das colônias localizadas no interior da floresta, o que compensaria a menor proporção de espécies pioneiras nesse habitat

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Nascimento, Suzana Fortolan Baptista do [UNESP]. "Caracterização transcriptômica de vias metabólicas na formiga Attini Atta sexdens rubropilosa Forel, 1908 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/134122.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-05T18:29:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-02-24. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2016-02-05T18:33:50Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000856041_20160224.pdf: 369728 bytes, checksum: 9a361cff02824a96220d774796576075 (MD5) Bitstreams deleted on 2016-02-24T11:27:51Z: 000856041_20160224.pdf,. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2016-02-24T11:28:35Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000856041.pdf: 2405364 bytes, checksum: 33e00067b3833e32f474101ba15a417f (MD5) Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) As associações de mutualismo afetam a vida de todos os organismos vivos. Um modelo biológico muito útil para estudos sobre o mutualismo são as formigas da tribo Attini, cuja nutrição depende da associação com fungos basidiomicetos. Estes fungos produzem despolimerases que degradam a matéria vegetal, gerando açúcares simples que são essenciais para a sobrevivência das formigas. Estudos bioquímicos sugerem que pode haver vias metabólicas mutualistas, iniciando com passos catalisados por enzimas fúngicas e terminando com passos catalisados por enzimas das formigas. Estudos genômicos indicam que as formigas podem não ser capazes de sintetizar alguns aminoácidos, que seriam supridos pelos fungos. Estudos em microbiologia sugerem que as formigas utilizam antibióticos microbianos para proteção contra eventuais entomopatógenos. Desta forma, caracteriza-se uma dependência nutricional e de metabólitos microbianos pelas formigas. Para avaliar a extensão desta dependência, na presente dissertação de mestrado nós anotamos o transcriptoma da formiga Attini Atta sexdens rubropilosa em busca das vias metabólicas com elementos mais expressos. Foram avaliadas a presença e expressão de genes a partir de dados de transcriptômica de nova... Mutualistic associations affect all living organisms. A useful biological model for studies of mutualism are Attini ants, whose nutrition depends on the association with basidiomycete fungi. These fungi produce depolymerases that act on degrading plant material, producing simple sugars that are essential for the survival of ants. Biochemical studies suggest that may be metabolic pathways, starting with steps catalyzed by fungal enzymes and ending with steps catalyzed by enzymes of the ants. Genomic studies indicate that the ants may not be able to synthesize some amino acids that would be supplied by the fungi, thus characterizing nutritional mutualistic dependence. To assess the extent of this metabolic dependence, in this thesis we aimed to annotate the transcriptome of Attine ant Atta sexdens rubropilosa in search of metabolic pathways. The presence and expression of genes from transcriptomics data of next generation sequencing were evaluated

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Nascimento, Suzana Fortolan Baptista do. "Caracterização transcriptômica de vias metabólicas na formiga Attini Atta sexdens rubropilosa Forel, 1908 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) /." Rio Claro, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/134122.

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Orientador: Maurício Bacci Júnior Banca: Klaus Hartmann Hartfelder Banca: Claudio José Von Zuben Resumo: As associações de mutualismo afetam a vida de todos os organismos vivos. Um modelo biológico muito útil para estudos sobre o mutualismo são as formigas da tribo Attini, cuja nutrição depende da associação com fungos basidiomicetos. Estes fungos produzem despolimerases que degradam a matéria vegetal, gerando açúcares simples que são essenciais para a sobrevivência das formigas. Estudos bioquímicos sugerem que pode haver vias metabólicas mutualistas, iniciando com passos catalisados por enzimas fúngicas e terminando com passos catalisados por enzimas das formigas. Estudos genômicos indicam que as formigas podem não ser capazes de sintetizar alguns aminoácidos, que seriam supridos pelos fungos. Estudos em microbiologia sugerem que as formigas utilizam antibióticos microbianos para proteção contra eventuais entomopatógenos. Desta forma, caracteriza-se uma dependência nutricional e de metabólitos microbianos pelas formigas. Para avaliar a extensão desta dependência, na presente dissertação de mestrado nós anotamos o transcriptoma da formiga Attini Atta sexdens rubropilosa em busca das vias metabólicas com elementos mais expressos. Foram avaliadas a presença e expressão de genes a partir de dados de transcriptômica de nova... Abstract: Mutualistic associations affect all living organisms. A useful biological model for studies of mutualism are Attini ants, whose nutrition depends on the association with basidiomycete fungi. These fungi produce depolymerases that act on degrading plant material, producing simple sugars that are essential for the survival of ants. Biochemical studies suggest that may be metabolic pathways, starting with steps catalyzed by fungal enzymes and ending with steps catalyzed by enzymes of the ants. Genomic studies indicate that the ants may not be able to synthesize some amino acids that would be supplied by the fungi, thus characterizing nutritional mutualistic dependence. To assess the extent of this metabolic dependence, in this thesis we aimed to annotate the transcriptome of Attine ant Atta sexdens rubropilosa in search of metabolic pathways. The presence and expression of genes from transcriptomics data of next generation sequencing were evaluated Mestre

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Yin, Yin. "Attack, attack, attack is that what we want for American politics? /." CONNECT TO ELECTRONIC THESIS, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1961/7003.

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D'Onza, Michele. "Mobile: crowdsensing problemi attuali e soluzioni." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017.

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Questo lavoro di ricerca studierà il paradigma emergente del Mobile Crowdsensing (MCS). L'MCS è nato in seguito all'evoluzione che la tecnologia dei dispositivi mobili, in particolare, ma non solo, gli smartphone, ha avuto in questi ultimi anni. Si basa sul concetto di crowdsensing, per il quale si intende un vasto gruppo di persone che riportano osservazioni, allo scopo di analizzare, misurare, inferire, ecc., un fenomeno di interesse comune. Per compiere questo studio, si partirà dall'analisi di alcuni problemi, i più gravosi, collegati al Mobile Crowdsensing: i costi energetici, la saturazione della banda dati, l’anonimato e i meccanismi di incentivo. Nel primo capitolo, dal titolo “Cos'e il Mobile Crowdsensing?” verranno date diverse definizioni di MCS. Si definiranno gli attori, si fornirà una accurata tassonomia, si mostreranno alcune delle strutture più usate, ovvero Client to Server e Device to Device. Infine si mostrerà il ciclo di vita di una applicazione modello, alcuni casi d'uso e si introdurranno i problemi del MCS. Nel secondo capitolo, dal titolo “Costi del crowdsensing”, ci si soffermerà prevalentemente sui costi energetici del mobile crowdsensing, presentando alcune soluzioni che saranno poi confrontate.Nel terzo capitolo, dal titolo “Anonimato e privacy”, si partirà dalla legge italiana sul diritto alla privacy, per poi analizzare alcuni tipi di attacchi alla privacy compiuti a danno di colui che compie le rilevazioni. Quindi si esporranno alcuni metodi per preservare la propria identità privata, i quali verranno confrontati in seguito. Nel quarto capitolo, dal titolo “Meccanismi di incentivazione”, verranno presentati i metodi di incentivazione più utilizzati fino ad ora e, dopo un confronto, verranno fatte alcune speculazioni su quali saranno i più usati in futuro. Nel quinto capitolo, dal titolo “Utilizzi odierni”, verranno confrontate alcune applicazioni che hanno i medesimi obiettivi, i quali vengono però raggiunti in maniera differente.

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Maurer, Jaclyn. "Snack Attack." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/146471.

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Oliver, Jacob B. "Birthing Attila." Thesis, Aberystwyth University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2160/3a37bc8b-6a4a-470d-ba90-452dfb823617.

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I have termed Birthing Attila a creative-critical project since it is not only a collection of poems, or a critical compendium of methodologies and theories, but an alignment of the two in a mutually illuminating process. My creative work informs my critical, and, reflexively, my critical informs my creative. The Birthing Attila project engages with orthodox narratives of history and ideology, critiquing them, working against linear expectation, and identifying and dramatizing margins of society that are often subordinated or neglected in such discourses. By engaging with New Historicist theory as a creative impetus (see Chapter Three) and exploring other theoretical debates chiefly within feminism and post-colonialism, my poetry is drawn into line with a critical praxis. This critical-creative contact locates Birthing Attila at the confluence of recent work on the 'interfrictions' between theorized inquiry and creative practice. The poems themselves seek to encourage today's readers to look internally and at the world around them, all viewed through a 'time-slipped universe' that adopts three 'worlds' inextricably intertwined - the fall of Rome, the 1980s, and contemporary society. Through the use of a time-slipped space in the creative pieces, fault lines, fractures, and permutations of perception across and embedded within history are explored within poems as well as between them. Birthing Attila fuses time together where clean distinctions between periods and events, and the ability to identify a clear chronology beyond the characters' narrative arcs, are, as with the separation of critical and creative practice in the construction of the project, rendered impossible. Chapter One (Reflections and Influences) explores the range of literary influences on the project and the genesis of the idea of a time-slipped space as a means of critique, focusing principally on the four most central literary figures to the poems' generation: Bret Easton Ellis, Tiffany Atkinson, Charles Bukowski, and Wallace Stevens. Chapter Two (Negotiating Borders and Boundaries) introduces cultural cartography and the ways in which the delineation of borders, boundaries, and 'the other' shape notions of identity, and how, consequently, these often artificial distinctions may be misappropriated for use in nationalist and imperialist dogma in the dominant discourse, particularly as it pertains to the West. Chapter Three (New Historicism and Creative-Critical Practice) seeks to firmly situate the Birthing Attila project along a creative-critical axis and expounds on the reflexive exercise of creative-critical writing. This chapter also explains the decision to employ Marjorie Levinson's New Historicism as a creative springboard, as opposed to viewing New Historicism through a purely critical lens. Chapter Four (Gender and Space) expands on the mapping of the body politic, engages with post-colonial and feminist theory, and investigates notions of time, space, and linearity. Perhaps most crucially, this chapter also explains the role of women in the collection and the choice to consciously exclude them from the poems as a means of critique.

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Silva, Aline [UNESP]. "Alfa-amilase e maltase nos simbiontes Leucoagaricus gongylophorus Singer (Möller) (Leucocoprineae: agaricaceae) e Atta sexdens Linnaeus (Attini: formicidae)." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/103954.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2004-10-27Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:44:32Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 silva_a_dr_rcla.pdf: 948973 bytes, checksum: 45e7e3c537159b8c3bf440ce414f0985 (MD5) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Neste trabalho foi proposto o estudo de ¿-amilase e maltase do fungo Leucoagaricus gongylophorus e do intestino de operarias da formiga cortadeira de folhas Atta sexdens, organismos que vivem numa simbiose obrigatoria, na qual um dos fatores relevantes e o provavel fornecimento de enzimas fungicas aos insetos. Para tanto, as amilases do fungo foram induzidas em diferentes fontes de carbono, sendo estas mais secretadas em amido e/ou maltose e reprimidas parcial (¿-amilase) ou totalmente (maltase) por glicose. Apos a purificacao das enzimas, atraves de cromatografia liquida (troca ionica, interacao hidrofobica e exclusao molecular), a determinacao das caracteristicas fisico-quimicas (temperatura de atividade otima e de inativacao; pH de melhor atividade e estabilidade; Km; peso molecular; influencia do cloreto e Q10) permitiu a comparacao das mesmas e os resultados mostraram que maltases de ambas as origens sao enzimas distintas, enquanto que a (¿-amilase) presente no intestino dos insetos tem as mesmas caracteristicas da ¿-amilase do fungo simbionte, indicando a sua provavel origem fungica.

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Silva, Aline. "Alfa-amilase e maltase nos simbiontes Leucoagaricus gongylophorus Singer (Möller) (Leucocoprineae: agaricaceae) e Atta sexdens Linnaeus (Attini: formicidae) /." Rio Claro : [s.n.], 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/103954.

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Orientador: Maurício Bacci Júnior Banca: Glaucius Oliva Banca: Carlos Peres Silva Banca: Luiz Carlos Forti Banca: Fernando Carlos Pagnocca Neste trabalho foi proposto o estudo de ¿-amilase e maltase do fungo Leucoagaricus gongylophorus e do intestino de operarias da formiga cortadeira de folhas Atta sexdens, organismos que vivem numa simbiose obrigatoria, na qual um dos fatores relevantes e o provavel fornecimento de enzimas fungicas aos insetos. Para tanto, as amilases do fungo foram induzidas em diferentes fontes de carbono, sendo estas mais secretadas em amido e/ou maltose e reprimidas parcial (¿-amilase) ou totalmente (maltase) por glicose. Apos a purificacao das enzimas, atraves de cromatografia liquida (troca ionica, interacao hidrofobica e exclusao molecular), a determinacao das caracteristicas fisico-quimicas (temperatura de atividade otima e de inativacao; pH de melhor atividade e estabilidade; Km; peso molecular; influencia do cloreto e Q10) permitiu a comparacao das mesmas e os resultados mostraram que maltases de ambas as origens sao enzimas distintas, enquanto que a (¿-amilase) presente no intestino dos insetos tem as mesmas caracteristicas da ¿-amilase do fungo simbionte, indicando a sua provavel origem fungica. Doutor

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Hersén, Nicklas. "Measuring Coverage of Attack Simulations on MAL Attack Graphs." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-292640.

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With the transition from traditional media and the increasing number of digital devices, the threats against digital infrastructure is greater than ever before. New and stricter security requirements are placed on digital platform in order to protect sensitive information against external cyber threats. Threat modeling is a process which involves identifying threats and weakness of a system with the purpose of eliminating vulnerabilities before they are exploited. The Meta Attack Language is a probabilistic threat modeling language which allows security researchers to instantiate specific attack scenarios through the use of attack simulations. Currently there is no support for gathering coverage data from these simulations other than manually checking the compromised state of all objects present in a simulation. The purpose of this work is to develop a coverage extension in order to simplify the threat modeling process. The coverage extension is able to produce coverage estimates from attack simulations executed on specific Meta Attack Language threat models. These metrics are adaptations of existing code- and model coverage metrics commonly used for software- and model testing. There are limitations in what type of data can be effectively presented (such as for exponentially growing data sets) due to the simplicity of the models. Övergången från traditionella medier till digitala plattformar har lett till en ökad hotbild mot digital infrastruktur. Vikten av att designa säkra plattformar och enheter för att skydda känslig information har lett till framkomsten av nya strängare säkerhetskrav. Hotmodellering är en process med syfte att förebygga att svagheter i ett system utnyttjas av externa parter genom att identifiera brister i systemet. Meta Attack Language är ett hotmodelleringsspråk med stöd för simulering av specifika attack scenarion genom attacksimuleringar. I nuläget finns inget stöd för insamling av täckningsdata från dessa simuleringar. Syftet med detta arbete är att utveckla en tilläggstjänst för insamling av täckningsdata i syfte att underlätta hotmodelleringsprocessen. Den utvecklade tillägstjänsten kan ge en uppskattning av hur väl en modell täcks av en mängd simuleringar. Täckningsvärderna som används av tilläggstjänsten är anpassningar av befintliga mätvärden som används inom uppskattning av källkods- och modelltäckning. Nuvarande implementation har ett flertal begränsningar gällande presentationen av viss typ av data, till exempel exponentiellt växande mätvärden. Detta beror på att modellerna inte är anpassade för denna typ av testning.

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Ghodrati, Marjan. "Thwarting Electromagnetic Fault Injection Attack Utilizing Timing Attack Countermeasure." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/81906.

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The extent of embedded systems' role in modern life has continuously increased over the years. Moreover, embedded systems are assuming highly critical functions with security requirements more than ever before. Electromagnetic fault injection (EMFI) is an efficient class of physical attacks that can compromise the immunity of secure cryptographic algorithms. Despite successful EMFI attacks, the effects of electromagnetic injection on a processor are not well understood. This includes lack of solid knowledge about how EMFI affects the circuit and deviates it from proper functionality. Also, effects of EM glitches on the global networks of a chip such as power, clock and reset network are not known. We believe to properly model EMFI and develop effective countermeasures, a deeper understanding of the EM effect on a chip is needed. In this thesis, we present a bottom-up analysis of EMFI effects on a RISC microprocessor. We study these effects at three levels: at the wire-level, at the chip-network level, and at the gate-level considering parameters such as EM-injection location and timing. We conclude that EMFI induces local timing errors implying current timing attack detection and prevention techniques can be adapted to overcome EMFI. To further validate our hypothesis, we integrate a configurable timing sensor into our microprocessor to evaluate its effectiveness against EMFI. Master of Science

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Hand, Peter James. "'Brain attack' : a new approach to stroke and transient ischaemic attack." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/23034.

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This thesis proposes that patients with features of focal neurological dysfunctional, of abrupt onset, should be considered as suffering a brain attack. Brain attack is a neurological emergency, requiring a prompt and accurate diagnosis before treatment can be commenced. The hypothesis underlying this work was that key reliable and useful parts of the bedside clinical assessment, and currently available brain imaging techniques, could be identified to improve the assessment of patients with suspected acute stroke. The thesis is divided into three sections. Section I reviews the history of stroke and its terminology. Section II explores the clinical features of brain attack. A prospective study of 350 hospital presentations with brain attack is described to determine: 1) the conditions that cause brain attack; 2) if the clinician could distinguish between stroke and mimic; 3) the accuracy of the clinical diagnosis of the cause of brain attack; 4) the reasons for disagreement between the clinical diagnosis and the final diagnosis, and 5) whether the features of patients presenting within the first six hours differed from those presenting later. Univariate analyses identified several key items of history and examination that differentiated between stroke and mimic. An interrater study of the reliability of the clinical assessment, involving 98 patients and four clinicians, describes the items of history and physical examination that were reliable even when the observer had limited neurological training. A series of diagnostic models (of varying simplicity) are developed using multivariable logistic regression analysis, with strict attention to methodological details. The potential use of the models to differentiate between stroke and mimic at the bedside is discussed. Section III explores the influence of the CT scan on the diagnosis of brain attack for the 350 patients in the cohort. Results from this original research should help guide clinicians with an evidence-based streamlined approach to the emergency assessment of patients with brain attack.

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Skog, Andersen Jonas, and Ammar Alderhally. "Denial-of-service attack : A realistic implementation of a DoS attack." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för datavetenskap, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-120690.

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This report describes some of the most well known denial of service attacks (DoS-attacks). This will be done in the first part of the report, the second part describes an implementation of a DoS-attack. The main purpose of its first part is to closer examine common DoS-attacks, the purpose of such attacks, the protection methods that can be deployed to mitigate these attacks and the ways that are used to measure these attacks. The second part describes a implementation of a practical attack implemented using HTTP POST requests to overwhelm a web server, so called HTTP POST attack. The attack was carried out using different number of attack nodes, up to the default maximum limit for Apache web server. The attack succeeded after several attempts with different parameters. As a result of the experiments we learnt that a successful HTTP POST attack needs to take between 15% and 100% of the maximum permitted clients to make an impact on the server’s response time. The server that was attacked had no defence mechanism to protect itself against DoS-attacks. One important thing to note is that this attack is carried out in a protected environment so as not to affect the external environment.

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D'Orsi, Giovanni. ""3D Bioprinting" nell'ingegneria tissutale: applicazioni attuali e prospettive future." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018.

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L’argomento trattato in questo elaborato riguarda una nuova tecnologia che si sta sviluppando nel settore dell’ingegneria tissutale: il Bioprinting. Nel seguito verrà data una definizione del processo, verranno analizzate le varie fasi di elaborazione, le tecniche ed i materiali utilizzati. Verranno infine riportati studi riguardanti alcune applicazioni della tecnica.

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Silva, Mariana Brugger [UNESP]. "Caracterização das trilhas de forrageamento em formigas cortadeiras de gramíneas (Formicidae, Attini): transferência de informações durante o recrutamento em Atta bisphaerica." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/99396.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:30:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-02-28Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T21:00:29Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 silva_mb_me_botib.pdf: 406170 bytes, checksum: e78dbe0dc8b2882f264db3ca73da8a81 (MD5) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) O forrageamento é uma atividade central à vida animal e, portanto, um mecanismo delineador das diferentes estratégias comportamentais exibidas e evolutivamente selecionadas para as espécies. O uso de trilhas químicas e físicas, as estratégias de recrutamento, o compartilhamento de informações e o polietismo são mecanismos freqüentemente relacionados ao sucesso do forrageamento para formigas cortadeiras garantindo sua ampla distribuição nas regiões neotropicais. Buscando investigar a transferência de informações durante a atividade de forrageamento em Atta bisphaerica, foram verificadas a utilização temporal e espacial das trilhas físicas por operárias que trafegavam tanto em direção a fonte de recurso quanto em direção ao ninho. As operárias apresentaram organização temporal, formando grupos de deslocamento entre indivíduos que seguem na mesma direção, bem como organização espacial de acordo com o transporte ou não de carga vegetal, favorecendo a ocorrência de colisões funcionais que influenciam nas taxas de aporte de recursos à colônia. Operárias que transportam carga se mantêm nas áreas centrais juntamente com operárias que saem do ninho em direção a fonte de recursos, enquanto que operárias sem carga são observadas nas partes laterais da trilha. promovendo a troca de informações sobre a qualidade e localização de recursos disponíveis. Manipulações impostas de modo a estreitar trilhas físicas demonstraram que operárias foram hábeis em ajustar a utilização espacial das trilhas. Embora tenha ocorrido um aumento inicial de colisões não-funcionais ocasionadas pelo estreitamento, os dados obtidos demonstram o ajuste do fluxo de operárias, permitindo a manutenção da taxa de aporte de recursos e, consequentemente, da eficiência ergonômica da colônia. Visando obter... Foraging is a central activity for the animal life, and so a mechanism that delineates the different behavioral strategies exhibited and evolutionarily selected for the species. The use of chemical and physical trails, the recruitment strategies, information sharing and the polyethism are the mechanisms often related with the foraging success for leafcutting ants, ensuring by this way their wide distribution in the neotropics. Investigating the information transfer during foraging in Atta bisphaerica, we verified a temporal and spatial organization of workers that transited from and to the nutritional sources and nest. Workers showed a temporal organization by forming displacement groups among those that move at the same direction. Spatial organization was verified in function of they are transporting or not leaves fragments, what favored the occurrence of functional collision and so the rate of resource delivery to the colony. Loaded workers walks preferentially at central lanes altogether with workers that leaves the colony, while unloaded workers were at the lateral lanes, promoting the information sharing about the quality and location of the resources. Manipulations for narrowing the physical trails demonstrated that workers were able to spatially adjust themselves over the trail, ensuring resources delivery rates and so the ergonomic efficiency of the colony. Aiming to obtain data to differentiate a specialized caste of scouts workers, dry body mass of workers recruited for new food sources was measured. We didn’t find significant differences between the average dry body mass of workers samples at the trail and at the new sources, but the first workers that arrived at the nearest offered food were the lighter ones, what probably facilitates the displacement velocity and chemical trail marking. He present study... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

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Silva, Mariana Brugger. "Caracterização das trilhas de forrageamento em formigas cortadeiras de gramíneas (Formicidae, Attini) : transferência de informações durante o recrutamento em Atta bisphaerica /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/99396.

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Orientador: Luiz Carlos Forti Coorientador: Juliane Floriano Lopes Santos Banca: Pedro Leite Ribeiro Banca: Sandra Verza da Silva Resumo: O forrageamento é uma atividade central à vida animal e, portanto, um mecanismo delineador das diferentes estratégias comportamentais exibidas e evolutivamente selecionadas para as espécies. O uso de trilhas químicas e físicas, as estratégias de recrutamento, o compartilhamento de informações e o polietismo são mecanismos freqüentemente relacionados ao sucesso do forrageamento para formigas cortadeiras garantindo sua ampla distribuição nas regiões neotropicais. Buscando investigar a transferência de informações durante a atividade de forrageamento em Atta bisphaerica, foram verificadas a utilização temporal e espacial das trilhas físicas por operárias que trafegavam tanto em direção a fonte de recurso quanto em direção ao ninho. As operárias apresentaram organização temporal, formando grupos de deslocamento entre indivíduos que seguem na mesma direção, bem como organização espacial de acordo com o transporte ou não de carga vegetal, favorecendo a ocorrência de colisões funcionais que influenciam nas taxas de aporte de recursos à colônia. Operárias que transportam carga se mantêm nas áreas centrais juntamente com operárias que saem do ninho em direção a fonte de recursos, enquanto que operárias sem carga são observadas nas partes laterais da trilha. promovendo a troca de informações sobre a qualidade e localização de recursos disponíveis. Manipulações impostas de modo a estreitar trilhas físicas demonstraram que operárias foram hábeis em ajustar a utilização espacial das trilhas. Embora tenha ocorrido um aumento inicial de colisões não-funcionais ocasionadas pelo estreitamento, os dados obtidos demonstram o ajuste do fluxo de operárias, permitindo a manutenção da taxa de aporte de recursos e, consequentemente, da eficiência ergonômica da colônia. Visando obter... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) Abstract: Foraging is a central activity for the animal life, and so a mechanism that delineates the different behavioral strategies exhibited and evolutionarily selected for the species. The use of chemical and physical trails, the recruitment strategies, information sharing and the polyethism are the mechanisms often related with the foraging success for leafcutting ants, ensuring by this way their wide distribution in the neotropics. Investigating the information transfer during foraging in Atta bisphaerica, we verified a temporal and spatial organization of workers that transited from and to the nutritional sources and nest. Workers showed a temporal organization by forming displacement groups among those that move at the same direction. Spatial organization was verified in function of they are transporting or not leaves fragments, what favored the occurrence of functional collision and so the rate of resource delivery to the colony. Loaded workers walks preferentially at central lanes altogether with workers that leaves the colony, while unloaded workers were at the lateral lanes, promoting the information sharing about the quality and location of the resources. Manipulations for narrowing the physical trails demonstrated that workers were able to spatially adjust themselves over the trail, ensuring resources delivery rates and so the ergonomic efficiency of the colony. Aiming to obtain data to differentiate a specialized caste of scouts workers, dry body mass of workers recruited for new food sources was measured. We didn't find significant differences between the average dry body mass of workers samples at the trail and at the new sources, but the first workers that arrived at the nearest offered food were the lighter ones, what probably facilitates the displacement velocity and chemical trail marking. He present study... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) Mestre

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Beckman, Philip J. "Scheduling attack submarine deployments." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/8944.

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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited The Navy's peacetime mission is "to conduct forward presence operations to help shape the strategic environment by deterring conflict, building interoperability, and by responding, as necessary, to fast breaking crises with the demonstration and application of credible combat power." (OPNAV INSTRUCTION 3501.316, February 1995) The ability to carry out this mission hinges on the Navy's ability to maintain ships and submarines forward deployed in regions where such crises may occur. The end of the Cold War and current budget constraints have caused a drawdown in the number of ships and submarines with which to provide forward presence. Coupled with the continued requirement to maintain a certain level of forward presence, this drawdown creates shortfalls when attempting to deploy ships or submarines to fill certain mission requirements. To minimize these shortfalls, this thesis formulates the problem of scheduling attack submarine deployments as an integer program. Due to its size and complexity, heuristic algorithms are developed to provide near-optimai solutions in a reasonable amount of time. In addition to providing near-optimal deployment schedules, results from the algorithms are also useful in evaluating changes in maintenance and operational policies.

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Mowery, Keaton. "Beneath the Attack Surface." Thesis, University of California, San Diego, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3712726.

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Computer systems are often analyzed as purely virtual artifacts, a collection of software operating on a Platonic ideal of a computer. When software is executed, it runs on actual hardware: an increasingly complex web of analog physical components and processes, cleverly strung together to present an illusion of pure computation. When an abstract software system is combined with individual hardware instances to form functioning systems, the overall behavior varies subtly with the hardware. These minor variations can change the security and privacy guarantees of the entire system, in both beneficial and harmful ways. We examine several such security effects in this dissertation. First, we look at the fingerprinting capability of JavaScript and HTML5: when invoking existing features of modern browsers, such as JavaScript execution and 3-D graphics, how are the results affected by underlying hardware, and how distinctive is the resulting fingerprint? Second, we discuss AES side channel timing attacks, a technique to extract information from AES encryption running on hardware. We present several reasons why we were unable to reproduce this attack against modern hardware and a modern browser. Third, we examine positive uses of hardware variance: namely, seeding Linux's pseudorandom number generator at kernel initialization time with true entropy gathered during early boot. We examine the utility of these techniques on a variety of embedded devices, and give estimates for the amount of entropy each can generate. Lastly, we evaluate a cyberphysical system: one which combines physical processes and analog sensors with software control and interpretation. Specifically, we examine the Rapiscan Secure~1000 backscatter X-ray full-body scanner, a device for looking under a scan subject's clothing, discovering any contraband secreted about their person. We present a full security analysis of this system, including its hardware, software, and underlying physics, and show how an adaptive, motivated adversary can completely subvert the scan to smuggle contraband, such as knives, firearms, and plastic explosives, past a Secure~1000 checkpoint. These attacks are entirely based upon understanding the physical processes and sensors which underlie this cyberphysical system, and involve adjusting the contraband's location and shape until it simply disappears.

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Knowles, Henry D. "Watermarking for attack classification." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.412303.

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Brazzi, Alice <1982&gt. "Materiali Politiofenici Otticamente Attivi." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2010. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/2560/.

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Much effort has been devoted in the recent years to the investigation of optically active polythiophenes characterized by the presence of a chiral moiety linked to the 3-position of the aromatic ring. In addition to their potential technological applications as materials for enantioselective electrodes and membranes, chiral poly(thiophene)s offer the possibility of studying the structural changes accompanying the transition from the disordered state by following the variation of their chiroptical properties by circular dichroism (CD). In solution of a good solvent, that kind of polythiophenes doesn’t display any optical activity arising from the presence of dissymmetric conformation of the backbone, as shown by circular dichroism (CD) spectra. When the macromolecules begin to aggregate, as it occurs e.g. by addition of a poor solvent, or lowering the solution temperature, or when the macromolecules are assembled in the solid state as thin films obtained by solution casting or spin coating, significant CD bands are observed in the spectral region related to the electronic absorptions of the aromatic polythiophene chromophore. These CD bands are indicative of a chiral macromolecule arrangement of one prevailing chirality. The synthesis of -substituted polythiophenes can be carried out starting from the corresponding -substituted mono- or oligomeric thiophenic monomers under regioselective or regiospecific conditions in order to minimize or avoid the formation of head-to-head dyads unfavourably affecting the presence of coplanar conformations of thiophene rings as a consequence of steric interactions between the side-chain substituents, both in solution and in the solid state. To this regard, non-symmetrically substituted monomers require therefore to perform the polymerization in the presence of highly demanding catalysts and reaction condition, whereas with symmetrically substituted oligothiophenic monomers containing the -substituents located far apart from the reacting sites, it is instead possible to obtain regioregular macromolecules by adopting more simple and economic polymerization methods, such as, e. g., the chemical oxidative polymerization with iron (III) trichloride. In order to verify how the polymer structure affects its optical activity, further poly-3-alkylthiophenes, substituted by an enantiomerically pure chiral alkyl group, namely poli[3,3”-di[2((S)-(+)-2-methylbutoxy)ethyl]-2,2’:5’,2”-terthiophene] (PDMBOETT), poli[3,3’di[2((S)-(+)-2-methylbutoxy)ethyl]-2,2’-bitiofene] (PDMBOEBT), poli[3,3””-didodecyl-4’,3”’-di(S)-(+)-2-methylbutyl-2,2’:5’,2”:5”,2”’:5”’,2””-quinquethiophene (PDDDMBQT) have been synthesized and characterized by instrumental techniques. The spectroscopic behaviour of thin films of poly(DDDMBQT) has been investigated in the solid state under different sample preparation procedures. It was also compared with the behaviour of polymers previously made. The experimental results are interpreted in terms of influence of the side-chain substituents on the extent of planarity of the polymeric chains and the formation of optically active chiral aggregates. In recent years conjugated block copolymers have received considerable attention. It is well known that conjugated block copolymers composed of two electronically different blocks can have morphologic and optical properties, that differ from those of their homopolymers. A recent study has also shown that the electronic properties and the supramolecular organization of one conjugated block can also be influenced by the other block. In order to study better this behavior, a new conjugated block copolymers, composed of a regioregular hydrophylic block and a regioregular hydrophobic block namely poli[3[2-(2-metossietossi)etossi]metiltiofene]-co- poli[3(1-octilossi)tiofene], has been synthesized and characterized.

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Harris, Rae. "Spectre: Attack and Defense." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2019. https://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/1384.

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Modern processors use architecture like caches, branch predictors, and speculative execution in order to maximize computation throughput. For instance, recently accessed memory can be stored in a cache so that subsequent accesses take less time. Unfortunately microarchitecture-based side channel attacks can utilize this cache property to enable unauthorized memory accesses. The Spectre attack is a recent example of this attack. The Spectre attack is particularly dangerous because the vulnerabilities that it exploits are found in microprocessors used in billions of current systems. It involves the attacker inducing a victim’s process to speculatively execute code with a malicious input and store the recently accessed memory into the cache. This paper describes the previous microarchitecture side channel attacks. It then describes the three variants of the Spectre attack. It describes and evaluates proposed defenses against Spectre.

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Liang, Da-tung. "Hydrogen attack in ceramics /." The Ohio State University, 1987. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487325740718199.

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Fang, Pengcheng. "REPTRACKER:TOWARDS AUTOMATIC ATTACK INVESTIGATION." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1550696995596089.

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Gonzaga, Adriana Dantas. "Antagonismo de bactérias endofíticas de plantas da Amazônia contra o jardim de fungos associados às formigas cortadeiras Atta sexdens Hymenoptera (Formidae: Attini)." Universidade Federal do Amazonas, 2012. http://tede.ufam.edu.br/handle/tede/3118.

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Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-20T12:31:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Adriana.pdf: 2128343 bytes, checksum: a126c0f543395afa8dcd9b4112191c0f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-29 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico Among the species of known insects (approximately 900 thousands), at about 2% is considered eusocial, because they live in truly advanced societies. The leaf-cutting ants belong to eusocial insects group and reached the major level of the instinct through the cultivation of fungi. Nowadays, they seems to be the unique animal group that have developed an advanced agriculture, based on their symbiosis with fungi, that appeared at about 50 million years ago, long before human being had appeared and become cultivator. Cutting leaves that serves as substrate to fungi cultivation for feed, ensure a high economic value to leaf-cutting ants, especially when they compete with men. So, the aim of this work was to perform a study about the microorganisms communities associated to the fungi garden of the leaf-cutting ants, Atta sexdens, evaluating the possibility to control them by the antagonistic activity of endophyte microorganisms from Amazon plants. To enable these assays, 13 leaf-cutting ants colonies (at about 5 monts of age) containing all classes (queen, soldiers, males and workers) were collected and transferred to the Laboratório de Microrganismos LABGEMMA of the Universidade Federal do Amazonas UFAM. From these anthill, associated microorganisms were isolated, cultivated, identified (by molecular and classical methods) and preserved at appropriated conditions. The antagonisms assays were performed by the method of paired culture, using endophytic microorganisms as inhibitors of those anthill associated. In vivo assays were performed with lab assembled anthills, to evaluate the potential for biological control against them. The main isolated and identified anthills associated microorganisms were: Leucoagaricus gongylophorus; Bionectria ochroleuca; Aspergillus flavus; Trichoderma longibrachiatum; Fusarium solani, yeasts and gram positive and gram negative bacteria. Antagonisms assays against L. gongylophorus, T. longibrachiatum, A. flavus and one of the anthill yeasts were promissing as an alternative method to the anthills biological control. Calcula-se que entre as espécies de insetos conhecidas (cerca de 900 mil), próximo de 2% são ditas eussociais, pois vivem em sociedades verdadeiramente avançadas. As formigas cortadeiras estão inseridas no grupo dos insetos eussociais e atingiram o que pode se chamar de apogeu do instinto por meio da agricultura de fungos. Até o momento, parece ser o único grupo de animais, além do homem, que desenvolveu uma agricultura avançada, que se baseia na simbiose mutualística com os fungos e surgiu há mais de 50 milhões de anos, ou seja, muito antes de o homem existir e se tornar agricultor. O fato de esses insetos cortarem folhas que servem de substrato para o cultivo do fungo do qual se alimentam as torna de grande importância econômica, sobretudo quando competem conosco. Dentro desse contexto, objetivou-se realizar um estudo sobre a microbiota associada ao jardim de fungos das formigas cortadeiras Atta sexdens, avaliando-se a possibilidade de controlá-los por meio da atividade antagonista de microrganismos endofíticos provenientes de plantas da Amazônia. Para viabilizar esses ensaios foram coletadas, em campo, treze colônias de formigas com aproximadamente cinco meses contendo todas as castas (rainha, soldados, machos e operárias) e encaminhado ao Laboratório de Microrganismos LABGEMMA da Universidade Federal do Amazonas UFAM. A partir desses formigueiros, os microrganismos associados foram isolados, cultivados, identificados (por métodos clássicos e moleculares), e preservados em meios e condições apropriadas. Os ensaios de antagonismo foram realizados pelo método de cultivos paralelos, in vitro , utilizando-se microrganismos endofíticos como agentes inibidores dos microrganismos associados aos formigueiros. Foram realizados ainda ensaios in vivo , utilizando-se formigueiros montados em laboratório, para avaliar o potencial dos endófitos no controle biológico dos formigueiros. Os principais microrganismos isolados e identificados como associados aos formigueiros foram: Leucoagaricus gongylophorus; Bionectria ochroleuca; Aspergillus flavus; Trichoderma longibrachiatum; Fusarium solani, leveduras e bactérias gram negativas e positivas. Os ensaios de antagonismo contra L. gongylophorus, T. longibrachiatum, A. flavus e contra uma das leveduras do formigueiro, foram promissores como métodos alternativos para o controle biológico dos formigueiros.

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Capps, Hannah Patricia. "AFTER THE ATTACK: POLICE PERSPECTIVES ON PROMOTING RESILIENCY FOLLOWING THE 2015 SAN BERNARDINO ATTACK." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/853.

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The purpose of this study was to provide an exploration of the experiences and perceptions of law enforcement officers who responded to the December 2nd, 2015 San Bernardino Attacks, specifically addressing what interventions and factors they found helpful in promoting their well-being following the attack. To do this, eight semi-structured interviews were held with officers who either were involved in the scene at the Inland Regional Center or were involved in the shoot-out with the attackers later that day. From these interviews several themes emerged, including: the importance of social support, critique of department responses, unique characteristics of law enforcement culture, and stigma against seeking mental health treatment among law enforcement officers. Recommendations based on these findings for social work practice, law enforcement departments, and further research were discussed.

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MARIANI, ALBERTO. "LA GIURISDIZIONE ECCLESIASTICA MATRIMONIALE IN ITALIA: EVOLUZIONE STORICA E PROFILI ATTUALI." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/649.

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Tesi sui rapporti tra giurisdizione ecclesiastica e civile in materia matrimoniale The present dissertation examines the relation between the civil matrimonial jurisdiction and the ecclesiastic matrimonial jurisdiction.

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Mazzotti, Agnese. "Insetti penetratori di imballi: sistemi attuali di packaging e nuove prospettive." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021.

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Il problema delle infestazioni di insetti nelle derrate agricole immagazzinate riguarda diversi settori alimentari e, tra questi, in larga misura quello di cereali e sfarinati. Numerose sono le specie di Artropodi che preoccupano i produttori e, in linea di massima, tutte riconducibili alle famiglia dei Lepidotteri e Coleotteri. Il fattore che permette a questi esemplari di accedere facilmente a pasta e sfarinati è la loro abilità di produrre fori negli imballi o accedervi attraverso micro-aperture già presenti, derivanti dai normali processi di produzione o dall’attività di insetti responsabili di infestazioni precedenti. I danni che ne derivano consistono nella sottrazione diretta delle materie prime e in danni indiretti, tra cui la contaminazione del prodotto attraverso residui prodotti durante il normale sviluppo degli esemplari. Tra le strategie di contenimento, oltre all’adozione di manuali di corretta prassi igienica per ogni realtà produttiva, anche la scelta dei materiali di confezionamento gioca un ruolo fondamentale. In alcuni casi gli attuali sistemi di confezionamento per pasta e sfarinati non garantiscono un efficiente protezione da questa problematica, per cui occorre studiare nuovi materiali che concorrano alla salvaguardia della qualità e salubrità dei prodotti. In questo, lo studio di metodi di impiego di oli essenziali (OE) nel packaging potrebbe offrire nuove prospettive interessanti per l’industria cerealicola, sfruttando l’azione insettorepellente. Considerando che gli OE sono sostanze di origine naturale e che molte varietà di OE sono già riconosciute come GRAS (Generally Recognised as Safe), una loro incorporazione nel packaging attraverso dosi minime potrebbe portare a importanti risultati, senza causare effetti gravosi sulla materia prima confezionata né in termini salutistici né per quanto riguarda l’alterazione delle caratteristiche organolettiche.

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36

Mansi, Giovanni <1986&gt. "Patrimonio e patrimoni: Alla ricerca dei confini attuali della responsabilita' patrimoniale." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/6506/.

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Il presente lavoro di tesi mira a ricostruire lo scenario evolutivo della responsabilità patrimoniale del debitore, a partire dai principi generali sanciti dall'art. 2740 c.c. sino al diffondersi, sempre più dilagante negli anni più recenti, del fenomeno dei patrimoni separati, il quale ha contribuito a quella che è stata definita da autorevole dottrina l’“erosione” del carattere universale della responsabilità patrimoniale. In questa prospettiva, la ricerca condotta dall'autore si propone il duplice obiettivo di dimostrare, da un lato, l’ormai sostanziale ribaltamento del rapporto regola(garanzia generica)–eccezione(separazione patrimoniale) previsto dalla norma succitata, e, dall’altro, il ridimensionamento del valore della riserva di legge imposta dal secondo comma dell’art. 2740 c.c. con riguardo all’individuazione e alla disciplina dei patrimoni separati, dovuto all’affermarsi di forme di segregazione di carattere generale e flessibile ed al conseguente potenziamento del ruolo assunto dall’autonomia privata nel campo della separazione patrimoniale. Al perseguimento di tale obiettivo si aggiunge, inoltre, una valutazione dei nuovi orizzonti del fenomeno della separazione patrimoniale e, in particolare, dei segnali di apertura del nostro ordinamento all’adozione di una regolamentazione interna del trust, i cui vantaggi e la cui compatibilità con il nostro sistema giuridico vengono dimostrati attraverso il confronto con la disciplina dell'istituto in esame nell’ordinamento inglese. The present work aims at reconstructing the evolution of “patrimonial responsibility” in Italy, from the general principles set out in Article 2740 of the Civil Code (hereafter: art. 2740 c.c.) to the increasing diffusion, in recent years, of segregated assets (“separate patrimonies”) which has contributed to the erosion of the “universal” nature of patrimonial responsibility. In this perspective, the research carried out by the author of this work pursues the dual objective of demonstrating, on the one hand, the reversal of the rule-exception relationship laid down by art. 2740 c.c., and, on the other hand, the weakening of the legal reserve imposed by the second paragraph of art. 2740 c.c. on the identification and regulation of separate patrimonies. In relation to the latter point, it will be demonstrated that, as a result of the introduction of general and flexible types of segregated assets, private autonomy has acquired a new leading role in the context of segregated assets. Furthermore, considering the evolution of separate patrimonies in Italy, the last section of this work will be focused on the new horizons of segregation of assets; in particular, through the analysis of the origins and of the rules on trust in the English legal system, this work will evaluate the possibility of adopting an Italian regulation of trust.

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Macavero, Sara. "Valorizzazione energetica dei rifiuti urbani: produzione e utilizzi attuali del CDR." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2011. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/2459/.

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Descrive le caratteristiche chimico fisiche del combustibile derivato dai rifiuti, il suo processo produttivo e i suoi utilizzi. Nella parte finale analizza un impianto di produzione del CDR situato a Cavallino( LE) e una centrale termoelettrica a Massafra (TA) che lo utilizza.

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Groenke, Andrew S. "CAS, interdiction, and attack helicopters." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2005. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/05Jun%5FGroenke.pdf.

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Arikan, Erinc. "Attack profiling for DDoS benchmarks." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file Mb., 96 p, 2006. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1435821.

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40

Gordon, J. L. M. "Ipso attack of aromatic systems." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Chemistry, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/7859.

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This thesis concerns the chlorination reactions of a series of methyl and chloro substituted 4-chloro-6-methylphenols. The regioselectivity and mode of the chlorine addition reaction to the phenolic ring is examined with respect to the position of the substituents on the phenolic ring, and their properties of either donating or withdrawing electrons. It is shown that suppression of nucleophilic mechanisms of chlorine addition, which used to be achieved through the use of sodium acetate, can be accomplished more efficiently by the choice of acetic anhydride as a solvent. Chlorine reacts with electron rich 2,6-dimethyl phenols by electrophilic mechanisms, with 2,3-addition appearing to be the favoured mode of reaction. This is illustrated by the reactions of two substituted phenols in Chapter Two. Chapter Three describes the reactions of a dichloro methyl phenol which reacts with chlorine preferably by nucleophilic pathways. Electrophilic addition can be forced by the use of acetic anhydride, or by the addition of sodium acetate to the solvent, and the greater effectiveness of the former at suppressing nucleophilic addition is illustrated in this section. The stereochemistry of the chlorine addition is examined through the chlorination reactions of 2,4-dibromo-6-methyl phenol. In Chapter Four, it is shown that nucleophilic attack of chloride ion is the preferred reaction mode of electron deficient trichloro methyl phenols. The two phenols discussed in this Chapter also illustrate the necessity of a vacant C3 ring position for nucleophilic addition to occur. Blocking this site with a chloro substituent slows the reaction drastically. The behaviour of chlorine towards two dichloro dimethyl phenols is examined in Chapter Five. Again, the necessity of an unsubstituted C3 site for nucleophilic addition is demonstrated, with the switching of mechanism from nucleophilic with C3 vacant, to electrophilic with a methyl substituted C3 position. Finally, use of Semi-Empirical calculations is made throughout this thesis, to estimate the relative stabilities of intermediate species and for a theoretical study of the interconversion of various cyclohexadienones by [1,5]-sigmatropic shifts of chlorine.

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Braud, Jeremy J. "Electronic attack platform placement optimization." Thesis, Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/43881.

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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited An increasingly dynamic battlefield requires increasingly faster software development. Cyber threats and Information Assurance certifications induce significant delays in software operational deployment designed to meet these emerging battlefield requirements. An alternative software development methodology for Department of Defense (DOD) acquisitions was proposed. The proposed software development methodology uses tailoring of commercial pre-approved applications such as Microsoft Office and Adobe currently available on most DOD networks. The application developed to test the validity of this approach is called the electronic attack platform placement optimization (EAPPO) algorithm. Given digital terrain data, a user inputted strike route, and an enemy order-of-battle (EOB) with their respective jammer techniques as inputs, the application output includes terrain and radar impacted threat range rings, aircraft strike routes, and an optimized flight path for the jamming platform (EA-18G). Successful development of the application validates the potential of using pre-approved, non-compiled software to develop military specific applications, a process that could significantly decrease software development time and cost for the DOD.

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42

Mohebby, Behbood. "Biological attack of acetylated wood." Doctoral thesis, Göttingen : Cuvillier, 2003. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=010518063&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.

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43

Varikuti, Ashok Reddy. "Visualization techniques in attack graphs." Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/1598.

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Harrosh, Shlomit. "Evildoing : an attack on morality." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2010. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:c2ef133f-800f-460b-bf8d-8396b7f48070.

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This thesis presents a comprehensive theory of evildoing as an attack on morality, grounded in objective morality. It introduces evildoing as a distinct category of immorality, arguing that it is the relationship of evil acts to the core of morality that distinguishes them from ordinary wrongdoing. Two projects are undertaken: to provide an account of morality that can ground a theory of evildoing that is both objective and capable of systematically accommodating the diverse phenomena and definitions of evil acts, and to articulate and defend the attack on morality theory of evildoing. The challenge of the first project is met by a minimalist account of morality, structured by what I call the fundamentals of morality. The thesis defends a particular substantive account of these fundamentals, underpinned by the idea of conatus as the end of morality. Ultimately, it is conatus as the striving to persist in existence and prosper inherent in human beings that justifies the objectivity of the fundamentals of morality and with it the objectivity of the theory of evildoing, for it is these fundamentals that are attacked when we speak of an ‘attack on morality.’ Specifying and defending the conditions necessary for such an attack is the task of the second part of the thesis. An act constitutes evildoing, or an attack on morality, when it is wrong, results in serious harm to others, originates in an intention based on the correct belief that the act will cause or risk such harm, and where the perpetrator’s mental states and/or the act’s consequences are antagonistic to the realization of morality via one or more of its fundamentals.

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Vass, Raymond J. "Alkali attack on ceramic filters." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/42062.

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Experiments were performed to determine a suitable binder material for silicon carbide-based ceramic filter. These experiments included exposure of 42% and 60% alumina, aluminosilicates to potassium and sodium containing environments for the purpose of determining the phases that would form and to determine concentration profiles. In addition, thermodynamic calculations were performed to predict the phases that would form when the alkali reacted with the aluminosilicate. The results of the thermodynamic calculations indicated that the alkali compounds will react at temperatures as low as 800°C. The exposure experiments verified this result. The phases that formed during the sodium vapor exposures and confirmed the thermodynamic calculations and were as follows: 1. sodium metasilicate and a solid solution of sodium aluminum silicates and carnegieite and for potassium vapor exposure. 2. potassium disilicate, kaliophilite-nepheline, potassium aluminate, and 5K₂O-5Al₂O₃-8SiO₂. Experiments also revealed that penetration depth by alkali compounds was restricted to a region near the surface of the material when the combination of temperature and sodium concentration alowed a melt to form. The results also indicated that the 42% alumina, aluminosilicate had superior resistance to alkali attack than the 60% alumina, aluminosilicate at temperatures below 1225°C. Master of Science

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46

Yieh, Pierson. "Vehicle Pseudonym Association Attack Model." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2018. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1840.

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With recent advances in technology, Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs) have grown in application. One of these areas of application is Vehicle Safety Communication (VSC) technology. VSC technology allows for vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communications that enhance vehicle safety and driving experience. However, these newly developing technologies bring with them a concern for the vehicular privacy of drivers. Vehicles already employ the use of pseudonyms, unique identifiers used with signal messages for a limited period of time, to prevent long term tracking. But can attackers still attack vehicular privacy even when vehicles employ a pseudonym change strategy? The major contribution of this paper is a new attack model that uses long-distance pseudonym changing and short-distance non-changing protocols to associate vehicles with their respective pseudonyms.

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47

MAFFI, LUCIANO. "Territorio e vitivinicoltura nell'Oltrepò Pavese: dall'indagine geostorica alle sfide attuali della geoeconomia." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/383.

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La ricerca analizza l’evoluzione della vitivinicoltura nell’Oltrepò Pavese quale elemento caratterizzante il paesaggio di questo territorio. Tale settore produttivo risulta essere una delle principali attività svolte nell’area in esame e ne caratterizza l’economia, il paesaggio collinare, le tradizioni e le forme identitarie, specialmente nellla zona centro-orientale, ossia nei territori che gravitano sui centri urbani di Casteggio, Broni e Stradella. Il lavoro si propone di approfondire anzitutto la valorizzazione della tipicità e del locale, riassunti e rappresentati nel termine terroir, che indica l’insieme degli elementi geomorfologici, climatici, antropici e culturali che rendono unico un prodotto (in questo caso il vino), mettendo così il locale al centro di un’analisi che si può estendere poi a riflessioni di ordine generale. L’indagine geografica ha studiato gli aspetti ambientali e quelli antropici, nonché le loro relazioni. Si è fatto riferimento ai fattori geologici, pedologici e climatici, che altresì sono gli elementi imprescindibili degli studi di «zonazione» che si occupano proprio dell’interazione tra viticoltura e ambiente. L’indagine geostorica-territoriale si è rivolta soprattutto ai seguenti temi: il paesaggio vitivinicolo; i tipi di vitigni impiantati e i relativi sistemi di coltivazione; le produzioni e la commercializzazione del prodotto; la rappresentazione delle proprietà e del territorio attraverso i catasti. Inoltre si approfondiscono i temi geoeconomici sia a scala globale sia a scala locale, grazie alla rielaborazione delle informazioni relative al settore produttivo. Il contesto locale pertanto è confrontato con quello regionale, nazionale e globale, al fine di comprenderne i legami, soprattutto in relazione alle attuali sfide geoeconomiche. In this thesis we analyse the evolution of grape growing and wine making as two of the elements which have contributed to the shaping of the landscape in the Oltrepò Pavese and represent two of the main economic activities of this geographic area, with is often identified with them – particularly in the mid-western part, i.e., the areas around the towns of Casteggio, Broni and Stradella. My main goal is to investigate the ways in which the values of locality and typicity – represented by the term terroir – are promoted. “Terroir” stands for, and comprises, a number of elements such as geo-morphological and climatic features, as well as human and cultural factors, all of which contribute to the uniqueness of a product like wine. My research thus starts from, and gives prominence to, the local level, in order to formulate a set of observations from which more general conclusions may then be drawn. The geographical investigation focusses on the environmental and human factors as well as their interrelationships. In its course, we refer to factors such as geology, pedology and climate, the crucial elements of all studies of «zoning», which describe precisely the complex interaction between grape growing and the environment. The geo-historical analysis concentrates especially on thematic areas such as the landscape; the varieties of grape that are planted and the respective growing techniques; the production and marketing of the produce; the ways in which property boundaries and the territory have been represented in land registries. The geo-economic factors, at both the local and global levels, are investigated through the analysis of the data from the production sector. The local context is thus compared to the regional, national and global ones in order to better understand the nature of their interactions and provide useful insights in relation to the challenges posed by the current geo-economic scenarios.

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48

Bonoli, Matteo. "Ingegnerizzazione di materiali nanostrutturati fotocataliticamente attivi." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/11932/.

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Il lavoro oggetto di questa tesi è rivolto alla sintesi e alla caratterizzazione di materiali nanostrutturati costituiti da biossido di titanio e ossido di silicio da utilizzare come fotocatalizzatori per la depurazione delle acque. L’obiettivo è stato quello di realizzare un sistema in fase solida costituito da una matrice inerte, la silice, e una fase fotocataliticamente attiva, la nano-TiO2. Tale sistema si inserisce perfettamente nel settore di ricerca che studia la sintesi colloidale di eterostrutture nano e micro cristalline che combinano materiali diversi in un’unica particella. Il progetto nasce all’interno dell’ISTEC-CNR di Faenza, dove è stato svolto il lavoro.

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49

Hodge, Bertram C. "A heuristic for land-attack predesignation." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1999. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA374087.

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Thesis (M.S. in Operations Research) Naval Postgraduate School, December 1999. "December 1999". Thesis advisor(s): Alexandra M. Newman. Includes bibliographical references (p. 47). Also available online.

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50

Wang, Jie. "Advanced attack tree based intrusion detection." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2012. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/9631.

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Computer network systems are constantly under attack or have to deal with attack attempts. The first step in any network's ability to fight against intrusive attacks is to be able to detect intrusions when they are occurring. Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are therefore vital in any kind of network, just as antivirus is a vital part of a computer system. With the increasing computer network intrusion sophistication and complexity, most of the victim systems are compromised by sophisticated multi-step attacks. In order to provide advanced intrusion detection capability against the multi-step attacks, it makes sense to adopt a rigorous and generalising view to tackling intrusion attacks. One direction towards achieving this goal is via modelling and consequently, modelling based detection. An IDS is required that has good quality of detection capability, not only to be able to detect higher-level attacks and describe the state of ongoing multi-step attacks, but also to be able to determine the achievement of high-level attack detection even if any of the modelled low-level attacks are missed by the detector, because no alert being generated may represent that the corresponding low-level attack is either not being conducted by the adversary or being conducted by the adversary but evades the detection. This thesis presents an attack tree based intrusion detection to detect multistep attacks. An advanced attack tree modelling technique, Attack Detection Tree, is proposed to model the multi-step attacks and facilitate intrusion detection. In addition, the notion of Quality of Detectability is proposed to describe the ongoing states of both intrusion and intrusion detection. Moreover, a detection uncertainty assessment mechanism is proposed to apply the measured evidence to deal with the uncertainty issues during the assessment process to determine the achievement of high-level attacks even if any modelled low-level incidents may be missing.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Attali'

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