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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Attachment theory

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Academic literature on the topic 'Attachment theory'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 18 July 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Attachment theory"

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Avdeeva, N. N. "Child-Parent Relationship Therapy: Child-Parent Interaction Therapy of Sheila Eyberg (on foreign sources)." Современная зарубежная психология 6, no. 2 (2017): 7–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/jmfp.2017060201.

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On materials of foreign sources the article regards the development of substantive provisions of attachment theory by J. Bowlby and M. Ainsworth, as well as modern research in psychology of attachment. The following issues are discussed: modern interpretation of the attachment system, influence of maternal responsiveness, quality of guardianship on the formation of the child's attachment to his/her mother, classification of attachments; mental representations of attachment; cultural differences in the classification of attachments in American, West German, Japanese, and Russian studies of attachment; attachment disorders, therapy of attachment; unaddressed issues and perspectives of attachment theory.

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Nelson, Suzanne. "Attachment Theory." Nurse Practitioner 10, no. 8 (August 1985): 34???37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006205-198508000-00007.

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Franzblau, Susan H. "Attachment Theory." Feminism & Psychology 9, no. 1 (February 1999): 5–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959353599009001001.

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Kareem, Sarah Tindal. "Theory Attachment." Studies in Eighteenth-Century Culture 49, no. 1 (2020): 309–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/sec.2020.0024.

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Lyddon, William J. "Attachment Theory." Counseling Psychologist 23, no. 3 (July 1995): 479–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011000095233005.

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Wilkinson, Simon R. "Attachment theory." British Journal of Psychiatry 164, no. 1 (January 1994): 129–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.164.1.129.

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Rowe, C. E. "Attachment theory." British Journal of Psychiatry 164, no. 1 (January 1994): 130–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.164.1.130.

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Lopez, Frederick G. "Contemporary Attachment Theory." Counseling Psychologist 23, no. 3 (July 1995): 395–415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011000095233001.

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Ein-Dor, Tsachi, and Gilad Hirschberger. "Rethinking Attachment Theory." Current Directions in Psychological Science 25, no. 4 (August 2016): 223–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0963721416650684.

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Dignam, Paul. "Behaviour theory and attachment theory." Australasian Psychiatry 21, no. 6 (November 13, 2013): 604–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1039856213498290.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Attachment theory"

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China, Jaques Lefebvre. "Attachment and object relations theory." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.336335.

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Boysan, Zehra. "Attachment theory and therapeutic relationships." Thesis, City University London, 2015. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/14799/.

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The aims of this study were to examine the associations between current self-reported attachment styles, retrospective reports of childhood experiences, and the development of the therapeutic alliance. It was hypothesised that anxious and avoidant attachment would be correlated with negative childhood experiences and that both attachment anxiety and avoidance would be inversely correlated with the therapeutic alliance. The third hypothesis stated that negative childhood recollections would correlate inversely with the quality of the therapeutic alliance and that this association would be mediated by adult attachment styles. One hundred adult counselling/psychotherapy clients referred for psychological therapy in primary care were asked to complete the Childhood Experiences Survey (Meyer, 2005) as a measure of retrospective childhood experiences, the Experiences in Close Relationships Scale (Brennan, Clark, & Shaver, 1998) as a measure of adult attachment styles and the Working Alliance Inventory (WAI) (Horvath & Greenberg, 1989) as a measure of working alliance. The first hypothesis which stipulated that negative childhood experiences would be correlated with anxious and avoidant attachment style was partially supported. Avoidant attachment style but not anxious attachment style was significantly and moderately strongly associated with rejection experiences as measured by the CES. The second hypothesis, which stated that both anxious and avoidant attachment would be correlated with the therapeutic alliance, was also partially supported. Avoidant attachment but not anxious attachment correlated significantly and inversely, moderately strongly with the therapeutic alliance. The third hypothesis stated that the relationship between childhood experiences recollections and the alliance would be mediated by both attachment anxiety and avoidance. The third hypothesis could not be explored further as childhood experiences did not correlate significantly with the therapeutic alliance. Findings and implications for further research are discussed.

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Sitko, Katarzyna. "Paranoia in an attachment theory framework." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2015. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/3001729/.

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Over the past decade evidence has consistently shown a relationship between adverse experiences in childhood and psychosis in adulthood. Recently, specific associations between attachment-disrupting life experiences and paranoia have been reported, leading to attempts to understand the psychological mechanisms involved in this association, and how these might interact with mechanisms previously found to be important in psychotic experiences. The three empirical studies included in this doctoral thesis used cross-sectional and longitudinal designs to examine whether experiences of paranoia could be understood within an attachment theory framework. Using an epidemiological dataset the study in Chapter 2 examined the effect of adverse childhood experiences on psychotic symptoms in adulthood. The findings demonstrated that, when co-occurring symptoms were controlled for, experiences of neglect were specifically associated with paranoia, while experiences of sexual abuse (rape, sexual molestation) were specifically associated with hallucinations. Furthermore, the association between neglect and paranoia was fully mediated by insecure attachment, but a similar association was not observed for the association between sexual abuse and hallucinations. The study in Chapter 3 used both a clinical and a control sample to examine the effect of insecure attachment-related thoughts on psychotic symptoms using a longitudinal design. The main finding revealed that, in the flow of daily life, elevated levels of attachment insecurity predicted subsequent paranoia. This effect was not observed for hallucinations, nor could it be explained through low self-esteem, which in previous studies, has been observed to precede increased levels of paranoia. The final study in Chapter 4 used a clinical sample to examine whether the association between insecure attachment (avoidant and anxious attachment dimensions) and paranoia was moderated by dissociation. The findings demonstrated that dissociation moderated the association between the anxious attachment dimension (increased negative view of the self) and paranoia. Conditional effects further showed that, at low levels of dissociation, the association between the anxious attachment dimension and paranoia was present, but that, at medium and high levels of dissociation the association did not exist. A similar effect was not observed for the avoidant attachment dimension (increased negative view of others). Findings from these studies suggest that adverse experiences in childhood, especially experiences of neglect, may be a risk factor for developing paranoia. Furthermore, this association, and experiences of paranoia in the flow of daily life can be understood within an attachment framework. Finally, the findings show that increased levels of dissociation can dampen the association between insecure attachment and paranoia. Overall these findings suggest that secure attachment may be associated with lower risk for paranoia. This has implications for clinical work, as therapists may focus their psychological interventions on addressing attachment beliefs and work towards establishing a sense of attachment security by strengthening positive beliefs and disconfirming negative beliefs about the self and others. As psychotic symptoms can co-occur, it is also important to assess how psychological mechanisms interact in their effect on specific symptoms. Finally, these findings suggest that policies that promote optimal child-caregiver relationships may enhance population mental health.

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Loubser, Janie. "Attachment theory and adult intimate relationships." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/1095.

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Alvarez, Christian. "The Development and Long-Term Influences of Attachments As Seen Through Attachment Theory: The Influence of Attachment on Homosexual Males." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2010. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/66.

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This paper seeks to explore the development of attachments in humans as seen through Bowlby's (1980) attachment theory. Components of the theory which focus on how attachments are formed and how they influence future behavior are explored. These are used to then examine how attachment theory applies to the attachment patterns seen in homosexual males.

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Miller, Rebecca. "Attachment theory use by child welfare workers." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=18662.

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Children placed in foster care are at an increased risk for attachment difficulties due to the maltreatment they may have suffered, the separation from their primary caregivers, as well as the possibility of repeated moves to various foster homes. This raises questions as to the extent to which child welfare workers incorporate attachment theory in planning for children in care. Replicating a study originally conducted by R. K Grigsby (1994) in the United States of America, worker's use of attachment theory was examined through a review of a sample of 30 files belonging to children between the ages of 0 and 3 currently in foster care with Batshaw Youth and Family Centres. The results of the file review indicate that concepts related to attachment are generally included in most files. However, relatively few cases include comprehensive attachment assessments. Practice implications including the need for increased attachment training are also discussed.
Les enfants placés dans les foyers d'accueil courent un risque élevé de difficultés d'attachement affectif dû au mauvais traitement qu'ils peuvent avoir subi antérieurement, à la séparation de leur parent, ainsi qu'à la possibilité de déménagements répétés entre plusieurs différents foyers. Ceci pose la question : dans quelle mesure les travailleurs sociaux incorporent-ils une théorie de l'attachement affectif dans la planification des soins d'un enfant? Reproduisant une étude menée aux États-Unis par R.K. Grigsby (1994), l'utilisation par les travailleurs sociaux d'une théorie de l'attachement a été examinée par moyen de l'analyse d'un échantillon de trente dossiers d'enfants âgés de 0 à 3 ans et présentement dans des foyers d'accueil des Centres de la jeunesse et de la famille Batshaw. Les résultats de l'analyse démontrent que des concepts liés à l'attachement affectif sont généralement contenus dans la majorité des dossiers, mais que peu des cas poursuivent des évaluations complètes de l'attachement. Les incidences sur la pratique, y compris le besoin d'une augmentation de la formation en attachement, sont aussi considérées.

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Morales, Andres Waldo. "Smoking during pregnancy : an attachment theory perspective." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2005. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/smoking-during-pregnancy--an-attachment-theory-perspective(7fef30b0-75d9-4bf9-8e94-7621bbc952e3).html.

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NEVES, MARIANA GUERRA BARSTAD CASTRO. "FROM CRADLE TO GRAVE: THE ATTACHMENT THEORY AND THE ATTACHMENT STUDIES IN ADULTHOOD." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2013. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=28976@1.

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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO
COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
PROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTS. DE ENSINO
O presente trabalho tem o intuito de abordar aspectos da Teoria de Apego e dos estudos de apego em adultos. Para tanto, será desenvolvido um pequeno histórico dessa teoria, com seu idealizador John Bowlby, e seus desdobramentos, a partir dos estudos de Mary Ainsworth e Mary Main. A seguir, alguns aspectos do apego em adulto serão abordados, assim como os instrumentos de avaliação do apego em adultos. Por fim, serão discutidos os desdobramentos dos estudos em apego, assim como algumas contribuições das neurociências para o campo do apego, e os modelos de tratamento baseados nessa teoria. Esse delineamento do trabalho abre espaço para discussões futuras quanto à construção das relações de apego na equipe de saúde.
This paper aims to address aspects of Attachment Theory and studies of attachment in adults. Thus, we describe a brief history of this theory, with its founder John Bowlby, and its aftermath, from the studies of Mary Ainsworth and Mary Main. After some aspects of attachment in adults will be addressed, as well as measures of assessment of attachment in adults. Finally, we discuss the ramifications of studies on attachment, as well as the contribution of neuroscience to the field, and treatment models based on this theory. This work is designed to establish further discussion on the construction of attachment relationships in the health care system.

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Voss, Kirsten. "Understanding adolescent antisocial behaviour from attachment theory and coercion theory perspectives." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ54386.pdf.

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Akister, Jane. "Systems theory and attachment theory in social work education and practice." Thesis, Anglia Ruskin University, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.427479.

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Books on the topic "Attachment theory"

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Attachment theory. Los Angeles: SAGE, 2014.

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Berry, Katherine, Ruth O'Shaughnessy, Karen Bateson, and Rudi Dallos. Attachment Theory. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203703878.

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Shemmings, David. Adult attachment theory. Norwich: School of Social Work and Psychosocial Studies, 2005.

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Li, Angui. Attachment Ventilation Theory. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-9259-9.

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Attachment, intimacy, autonomy: Using attachment theory in adult psychotherapy. Northvale, N.J: J. Aronson, 1996.

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1918-, King Pearl, ed. Fifty years of attachment theory. London: Karnac on behalf of the Winnicott Clinic of Psychotherapy, 2004.

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A, Simpson Jeffry, and Rholes W. Steven, eds. Attachment theory and close relationships. New York: Guilford Press, 1998.

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John Bowlby and attachment theory. London: Routledge, 1993.

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Howe, David. Attachment Theory for Social Work Practice. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-24081-4.

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Hunter, Jonathan, and Robert Maunder, eds. Improving Patient Treatment with Attachment Theory. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-23300-0.

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Book chapters on the topic "Attachment theory"

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Burkhart, M. L., and J. L. Borelli. "Attachment Theory." In Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences, 292–306. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24612-3_2014.

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Johnson, Sue M. "Attachment Theory." In Encyclopedia of Couple and Family Therapy, 169–77. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-49425-8_215.

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Abrams, David B., J. Rick Turner, Linda C. Baumann, Alyssa Karel, Susan E. Collins, Katie Witkiewitz, Terry Fulmer, et al. "Attachment Theory." In Encyclopedia of Behavioral Medicine, 149–55. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1005-9_939.

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Scharfe, Elaine. "Attachment Theory." In Encyclopedia of Evolutionary Psychological Science, 1–10. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16999-6_3823-1.

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Field, Cynthia. "Attachment Theory." In Encyclopedia of Child Behavior and Development, 157–58. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-79061-9_221.

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Fearon, Pasco. "Attachment theory." In Transforming Infant Wellbeing, 28–36. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2017.: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315452890-4.

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Johnson, Sue M. "Attachment Theory." In Encyclopedia of Couple and Family Therapy, 1–8. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-15877-8_215-1.

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Hicks, Angela M., and Carolyn Korbel. "Attachment Theory." In Encyclopedia of Behavioral Medicine, 172–78. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-39903-0_939.

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Burkhart, M. L., and J. L. Borelli. "Attachment Theory." In Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences, 1–16. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28099-8_2014-1.

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Main, Mary. "Attachment theory." In Encyclopedia of psychology, Vol. 1., 289–93. Washington: American Psychological Association, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/10516-102.

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Conference papers on the topic "Attachment theory"

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Luczak, Tomasz, Abram Magner, and Wojciech Szpankowski. "Compression of Preferential Attachment Graphs." In 2019 IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory (ISIT). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isit.2019.8849739.

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"The development of attachment theory: introduction and orientation." In 2019 Scientific Conference on Management, Education and Psychology. The Academy of Engineering and Education (AEE), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.35532/jsss.v1.026.

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Dávidová, Michaela, and Mária Hardy. "Attachment Theory in Relation to the Meaningfulness of Life." In The 4th Global Virtual Conference. Publishing Society, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18638/gv.2016.4.1.790.

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Močnik, Janez. "Loneliness and Promiscuity among MSM from Attachment theory perspective." In NEURI 2015, 5th Student Congress of Neuroscience. Gyrus JournalStudent Society for Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.17486/gyr.3.2209.

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Hajek, Bruce, and Suryanarayana Sankagiri. "Recovering a Hidden Community in a Preferential Attachment Graph." In 2018 IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory (ISIT). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isit.2018.8437450.

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"Psychological Analysis of Adult Attachment Based on Nine-Person Personality Theory." In 2020 International Conference on Educational Science. Scholar Publishing Group, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.38007/proceedings.0000322.

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PLĂMĂDEALĂ, Victoria, and Valentina STRATAN. "Loneliness – consequence of psychological trauma." In Probleme ale ştiinţelor socioumanistice şi ale modernizării învăţământului. "Ion Creanga" State Pedagogical University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46728/c.v1.25-03-2022.p170-173.

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The aim of this study is to analyze the causes of experiencing the feeling of loneliness from the perspective of the theory of psychic trauma. This paper is an analytical synthesis of the consequences of psychic trauma, among which is the feeling of loneliness with a clearly negative connotation. Synthesizing scientists' concerns in loneliness and psychotraumatology can be brought to a common denominator: when secure attachments between parents-children are severely disturbed, children experience an emotional chaos called - attachment trauma, which affects the psyche so that it is impossible to build healthy relationships of subsequent attachment, which is actually the feeling of loneliness. These children becoming adults spend their lives constantly looking for intimate connections with others, who did not have them with their parents, but who are doomed to failure with great disappointment. The situation can only be overcome by a psychotherapeutic process on attachment trauma.

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Jiang, Yan, and Da-hai Dong. "Strengthening Consumers Loyalty to a Retail Web Site: An Attachment Theory Perspective." In 2008 International Seminar on Business and Information Management (ISBIM). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isbim.2008.117.

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Millet, Barry, Kenneth Kirkpatrick, George Miller, and Bryan Mosher. "A Method for Stress Analysis of Cylinders With Loadings From Attached Rectangular Sections With an Aspect Ratio Greater Than Four." In ASME 2017 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2017-65220.

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This paper provides designers a methodology for determining membrane and bending stresses in cylinders with loads applied through rectangular attachments having a length to width aspect ratio greater the four (4). This paper extends the original work done by Bijlaard [1] and Dodge [2] as well as the work published in Welding Research Council WRC Bulletins. Bulletins 107 [3] and 537 [4] are limited to aspect ratios of four (4) and Bulletin 198 [2] is limited to aspect ratio of ten (10). This method provided also adds more precision to the Kellogg [5] method which was based on the work of Roark [6]. The data, curves and formulas presented in this paper are the result of a parametric finite element study across the geometry range. Attachments were analyzed with a slender attachment orientation parallel and perpendicular to the axis of the cylinder. Geometric parameters were varied over a range of cylinder diameter & thickness and attachment length & width. This study is limited to small displacement theory. This paper also provides a methodology for analysis of the attachment from the loadings.

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Achina, A. V., A. S. Kоlenova, and E. P. Sharova. "THE POSSIBILITY OF FORMING RELATIONSHIPS THROUGH THE PRISM OF ATTACHMENT THEORY IN THE CONTEXT OF GLOBALIZATION AND DIGITALIZATION." In INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES IN SCIENCE AND EDUCATION. DSTU-Print, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/itno.2020.342-346.

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The article is devoted to the study of modern opportunities for creating relationships. More and more people use digital means of communication to establish and maintain a romantic connection with people who were previously unavailable due to different cases. However, can we safely say thet digital communication guarantees the possibility of meeting, if people have certain concerns about themselves and others? By these concerns, we mean the theory of attachment. The purpose of our work was to describe current trends in the use of digital dating apps, as well as to explore through the lens of attachment theory the correlation between attachment style and people's choice in favor of online communication.

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Reports on the topic "Attachment theory"

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Connor, Robert J., and Cem Korkmaz. Fatigue Categorization of Obliquely Oriented Welded Attachments. Purdue University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317210.

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In current bridge design specifications and evaluation manuals from the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO LRFD) (AASHTO, 2018), the detail category for base metal at the toe of transverse stiffener-to-flange fillet welds and transverse stiffener-to-web fillet welds to the direction of the web and hence, the primary stress) is Category C′. In skewed bridges or various other applications, there is sometimes a need to place the stiffener or a connection plate at an angle that is not at 90 degrees to the web. As the plate is rotated away from being 90 degrees to the web, the effective “length” of the stiffener in the longitudinal direction increases. However, AASHTO is currently silent on how to address the possible effects on fatigue performance for other angles in between these two extremes. This report summarizes an FEA study that was conducted in order to investigate and determine the fatigue category for welded attachments that are placed at angles other than 0 or 90 degrees for various stiffener geometries and thicknesses. Recommendations on how to incorporate the results into the AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications are included in this report.

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Khuder, Wafaa. The Role of Small and Medium Industries in the Heritage Identity in Iraq: A Case Study of Bashiqa Town. Institute of Development Studies, May 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/creid.2023.005.

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This paper aims to identify the most famous Yazidi heritage industries in the town of Bashiqa, in Nineveh governorate. It explores the economic, social and cultural reality of three non-material industries (the manufacture of al-rashi, olive oil and soap) in the town of Bashiqa by comparing how they were manufactured in the past with how they are manufactured in the present, and assessing the impact of ISIS gangs on these industries. Finally, the paper puts forward proposals for how these industries can be developed to maintain their heritage and sustainability. The research also aims to invoke the cultural and scientific heritage of the local community to draw inspiration from their sources of strength to plan how local production of the traditional heritage industries can be revitalised after the destruction caused by ISIS. The paper also explores the attachment of the Yazidi community in Bashiqa to the traditional industrial crafts and the extent of their influence on social and economic life, especially given that the city of Mosul is famous for its craft activity, in addition to the cultural and religious differences among the local population of Bashiqa, which comprises several components of Iraqi society (Yazidi, Catholic and Orthodox Christians, and the Muslim Shabak – Sunni, Shiite, and Kurdish) and thus affect the community’s view of the traditional crafts.

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Yalovsky, Shaul, and Julian Schroeder. The function of protein farnesylation in early events of ABA signal transduction in stomatal guard cells of Arabidopsis. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7695873.bard.

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Loss of function mutations in the farnesyltransferase β subunit gene ERA1 (enhanced response to abscisic acid), cause abscisic acid hypersensitivity in seedlings and in guard cells. This results in slowed water loss of plants in response to drought. Farnesyltransferase (PFT) catalyses the attachment of the 15-carbon isoprenoid farnesyl to conserved cysteine residues located in a conserved C-terminal domain designated CaaX box. PFT is a heterodimeric protein comprised of an a and b sununits. The a subunit is shared between PFT and geranylgeranyltransferase-I (PGGTI) which catalyses the attachemt of the 20-carbon isoprenoid geranylgeranyl to CaaX box proteins in which the last amino acid is almost always leucine and in addition have a polybasic domain proximal to the CaaL box. Preliminary data presented in the proposal showed that increased cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration in stomal guard cells in response to non-inductive ABA treatements. The goals set in the proposal were to characterize better how PFT (ERA1) affects ABA induced Ca2+ concentrations in guard cells and to identify putative CaaX box proteins which function as negative regulators of ABA signaling and which function is compromised in era1 mutant plants. To achieve these goals we proposed to use camelion Ca2+ sensor protein, high throughput genomic to identify the guard cell transcriptome and test prenylation of candidate proteins. We also proposed to focus our efforts of RAC small GTPases which are prenylated proteins which function in signaling. Our results show that farnesyltransferaseprenylates protein/s that act between the points of ABA perception and the activation of plasma membrane calcium influx channels. A RAC protein designated AtRAC8/AtRop10 also acts in negative regulation of ABA signaling. However, we discovered that this protein is palmitoylated and not prenylated although it contains a C-terminal CXXX motif. We further discovered a unique C-terminal sequence motif required for membrane targeting of palmitoylatedRACs and showed that their function is prenylation independent. A GC/MS based method for expression in plants, purification and analysis of prenyl group was developed. This method would allow highly reliable identification of prenylated protein. Mutants in the shared α subunit of PFT and PGGT-I was identified and characterized and was shown to be ABA hypersensitive but less than era1. This suggested that PFT and PGGT-I have opposing functions in ABA signaling. Our results enhanced the understanding of the role of protein prenylation in ABA signaling and drought resistance in plants with the implications of developing drought resistant plants. The results of our studies were published 4 papers which acknowledge support from BARD.

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Choudhary, Ruplal, Victor Rodov, Punit Kohli, Elena Poverenov, John Haddock, and Moshe Shemesh. Antimicrobial functionalized nanoparticles for enhancing food safety and quality. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7598156.bard.

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Original objectives The general goal of the project was to utilize the bactericidal potential of curcumin- functionalizednanostructures (CFN) for reinforcement of food safety by developing active antimicrobial food-contact surfaces. In order to reach the goal, the following secondary tasks were pursued: (a) further enhancement of the CFN activity based on understanding their mode of action; (b) preparing efficient antimicrobial surfaces, investigating and optimizing their performance; (c) testing the efficacy of the antimicrobial surfaces in real food trials. Background to the topic The project dealt with reducing microbial food spoilage and safety hazards. Cross-contamination through food-contact surfaces is one of the major safety concerns, aggravated by bacterial biofilm formation. The project implemented nanotech methods to develop novel antimicrobial food-contact materials based on natural compounds. Food-grade phenylpropanoidcurcumin was chosen as the most promising active principle for this research. Major conclusions, solutions, achievements In agreement with the original plan, the following research tasks were performed. Optimization of particles structure and composition. Three types of curcumin-functionalizednanostructures were developed and tested: liposome-type polydiacetylenenanovesicles, surface- stabilized nanoparticles and methyl-β-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes (MBCD). The three types had similar minimal inhibitory concentration but different mode of action. Nanovesicles and inclusion complexes were bactericidal while the nanoparticlesbacteriostatic. The difference might be due to different paths of curcumin penetration into bacterial cell. Enhancing the antimicrobial efficacy of CFN by photosensitization. Light exposure strengthened the bactericidal efficacy of curcumin-MBCD inclusion complexes approximately three-fold and enhanced the bacterial death on curcumin-coated plastic surfaces. Investigating the mode of action of CFN. Toxicoproteomic study revealed oxidative stress in curcumin-treated cells of E. coli. In the dark, this effect was alleviated by cellular adaptive responses. Under light, the enhanced ROS burst overrode the cellular adaptive mechanisms, disrupted the iron metabolism and synthesis of Fe-S clusters, eventually leading to cell death. Developing industrially-feasible methods of binding CFN to food-contact surfaces. CFN binding methods were developed for various substrates: covalent binding (binding nanovesicles to glass, plastic and metal), sonochemical impregnation (binding nanoparticles to plastics) and electrostatic layer-by-layer coating (binding inclusion complexes to glass and plastics). Investigating the performance of CFN-coated surfaces. Flexible and rigid plastic materials and glass coated with CFN demonstrated bactericidal activity towards Gram-negative (E. coli) and Gram-positive (Bac. cereus) bacteria. In addition, CFN-impregnated plastic material inhibited bacterial attachment and biofilm development. Testing the efficacy of CFN in food preservation trials. Efficient cold pasteurization of tender coconut water inoculated with E. coli and Listeriamonocytogeneswas performed by circulation through a column filled with CFN-coated glass beads. Combination of curcumin coating with blue light prevented bacterial cross contamination of fresh-cut melons through plastic surfaces contaminated with E. coli or Bac. licheniformis. Furthermore, coating of strawberries with CFN reduced fruit spoilage during simulated transportation extending the shelf life by 2-3 days. Implications, both scientific and agricultural BARD Report - Project4680 Page 2 of 17 Antimicrobial food-contact nanomaterials based on natural active principles will preserve food quality and ensure safety. Understanding mode of antimicrobial action of curcumin will allow enhancing its dark efficacy, e.g. by targeting the microbial cellular adaptation mechanisms.

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Schiller, Brandon, Tara Hutchinson, and Kelly Cobeen. Cripple Wall Small-Component Test Program: Wet Specimens I (PEER-CEA Project). Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.55461/dqhf2112.

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This report is one of a series of reports documenting the methods and findings of a multi-year, multi-disciplinary project coordinated by the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center (PEER and funded by the California Earthquake Authority (CEA). The overall project is titled “Quantifying the Performance of Retrofit of Cripple Walls and Sill Anchorage in Single-Family Wood-Frame Buildings,” henceforth referred to as the “PEER–CEA Project.” The overall objective of the PEER–CEA Project is to provide scientifically based information (e.g., testing, analysis, and resulting loss models) that measure and assess the effectiveness of seismic retrofit to reduce the risk of damage and associated losses (repair costs) of wood-frame houses with cripple wall and sill anchorage deficiencies as well as retrofitted conditions that address those deficiencies. Tasks that support and inform the loss-modeling effort are: (1) collecting and summarizing existing information and results of previous research on the performance of wood-frame houses; (2) identifying construction features to characterize alternative variants of wood-frame houses; (3) characterizing earthquake hazard and ground motions at representative sites in California; (4) developing cyclic loading protocols and conducting laboratory tests of cripple wall panels, wood-frame wall subassemblies, and sill anchorages to measure and document their response (strength and stiffness) under cyclic loading; and (5) the computer modeling, simulations, and the development of loss models as informed by a workshop with claims adjustors. This report is a product of Working Group 4: Testing and focuses on the first phase of an experimental investigation to study the seismic performance of retrofitted and existing cripple walls with sill anchorage. Paralleled by a large-component test program conducted at the University of California [Cobeen et al. 2020], the present study involves the first of multiple phases of small-component tests conducted at the UC San Diego. Details representative of era-specific construction, specifically the most vulnerable pre-1960s construction, are of predominant focus in the present effort. Parameters examined are cripple wall height, finish materials, gravity load, boundary conditions, anchorage, and deterioration. This report addresses the first phase of testing, which consisted of six specimens. Phase 1 including quasi-static reversed cyclic lateral load testing of six 12-ft-long, 2-ft high cripple walls. All specimens in this phase were finished on their exterior with stucco over horizontal sheathing (referred to as a “wet” finish), a finish noted to be common of dwellings built in California before 1945. Parameters addressed in this first phase include: boundary conditions on the top, bottom, and corners of the walls, attachment of the sill to the foundation, and the retrofitted condition. Details of the test specimens, testing protocol, instrumentation; and measured as well as physical observations are summarized in this report. In addition, this report discusses the rationale and scope of subsequent small-component test phases. Companion reports present these test phases considering, amongst other variables, the impacts of dry finishes and cripple wall height (Phases 2–4). Results from these experiments are intended to provide an experimental basis to support numerical modeling used to develop loss models, which are intended to quantify the reduction of loss achieved by applying state-of-practice retrofit methods as identified in FEMA P-1100, Vulnerability-Base Seismic Assessment and Retrofit of One- and Two-Family Dwellings.

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Aly, Radi, James H. Westwood, and Carole L. Cramer. Novel Approach to Parasitic Weed Control Based on Inducible Expression of Cecropin in Transgenic Plants. United States Department of Agriculture, May 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2003.7586467.bard.

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Our overall goal was to engineer crop plants with enhanced resistance to Orobanche (broomrape) based on the inducible expression of sarcotoxin-like peptide (SLP). A secondary objective was to localize small proteins such as SLP in the host-parasite union in order to begin characterizing the mechanism of SLP toxicity to Orobanche. We have successfully accomplished both of these objectives and have demonstrated that transgenic tobacco plants expressing SLP under control of the HMG2 promoter show enhanced resistance to O. aegyptiaca and O. ramosa . Furthermore, we have shown that proteins much larger than the SLP move into Orobanche tubercles from the host root via either symplastic or apoplastic routes. This project was initiated with the finding that enhanced resistance to Orobanche could be conferred on tobacco, potato, and tomato by expression of SLP (Sarcotoxin IA is a 40-residue peptide produced as an antibiotic by the flesh fly, Sarcophaga peregrina ) under the control of a low-level, root-specific promoter. To improve the level of resistance, we linked the SLP gene to the promoter from HMG2, which is strongly inducible by Orobanche as it parasitizes the host. The resulting transgenic plants express SLP and show increased resistance to Orobanche. Resistance in this case is manifested by increased growth and yield of the host in the presence of the parasite as compared to non-transgenic plants, and decreased parasite growth. The mechanism of resistance appears to operate post-attachment as the parasite tubercles attached to the transgenic root plants turned necrotic and failed to develop normally. Studies examining the movement of GFP (approximately 6X the size of SLP) produced in tobacco roots showed accumulation of green fluorescence in tubercles growing on transformed plants but not in those growing on wild-type plants. This accumulation occurs regardless of whether the GFP is targeted to the cytoplasm (translocated symplastically) or the apoplastic space (translocated in xylem). Plants expressing SLP appear normal as compared to non-transgenic plants in the absence of Orobanche, so there is no obvious unintended impact on the host plant from SLP expression. This project required the creation of several gene constructs and generation of many transformed plant lines in order to address the research questions. The specific objectives of the project were to: 1. Make gene constructs fusing Orobanche-inducible promoter sequences to either the sarcotoxin-like peptide (SLP) gene or the GFP reporter gene. 2. Create transgenic plants containing gene constructs. 3. Characterize patterns of transgene expression and host-to-parasite movement of gene products in tobacco ( Nicotiana tabacum L.) and Arabidopsis thaliana (L.). 4. Characterize response of transgenic potato ( Solanum tuberosum L.) and tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill .) to Orobanche in lab, greenhouse, and field. Objectives 1 and 2 were largely accomplished during the first year during Dr. Aly's sabbatical visit to Virginia Tech. Transforming and analyzing plants with all the constructs has taken longer than expected, so efforts have concentrated on the most important constructs. Work on objective 4 has been delayed pending the final results of analysis on tobacco and Arabidopsis transgenic plants. The implications of this work are profound, because the Orobanche spp. is an extremely destructive weed that is not controlled effectively by traditional cultural or herbicidal weed control strategies. This is the first example of engineering resistance to parasitic weeds and represents a unique mode of action for selective control of these weeds. This research highlights the possibility of using this technique for resistance to other parasitic species and demonstrates the feasibility of developing other novel strategies for engineering resistance to parasitic weeds.

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Altstein, Miriam, and Ronald J. Nachman. Rational Design of Insect Control Agent Prototypes Based on Pyrokinin/PBAN Neuropeptide Antagonists. United States Department of Agriculture, August 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7593398.bard.

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The general objective of this study was to develop rationally designed mimetic antagonists (and agonists) of the PK/PBAN Np class with enhanced bio-stability and bioavailability as prototypes for effective and environmentally friendly pest insect management agents. The PK/PBAN family is a multifunctional group of Nps that mediates key functions in insects (sex pheromone biosynthesis, cuticular melanization, myotropic activity, diapause and pupal development) and is, therefore, of high scientific and applied interest. The objectives of the current study were: (i) to identify an antagonist biophores (ii) to develop an arsenal of amphiphilic topically active PK/PBAN antagonists with an array of different time-release profiles based on the previously developed prototype analog; (iii) to develop rationally designed non-peptide SMLs based on the antagonist biophore determined in (i) and evaluate them in cloned receptor microplate binding assays and by pheromonotropic, melanotropic and pupariation in vivo assays. (iv) to clone PK/PBAN receptors (PK/PBAN-Rs) for further understanding of receptor-ligand interactions; (v) to develop microplate binding assays for screening the above SMLs. In the course of the granting period A series of amphiphilic PK/PBAN analogs based on a linear lead antagonist from the previous BARD grant was synthesized that incorporated a diverse array of hydrophobic groups (HR-Suc-A[dF]PRLa). Others were synthesized via the attachment of polyethylene glycol (PEG) polymers. A hydrophobic, biostablePK/PBAN/DH analog DH-2Abf-K prevented the onset of the protective state of diapause in H. zea pupae [EC50=7 pmol/larva] following injection into the preceding larval stage. It effectively induces the crop pest to commit a form of ‘ecological suicide’. Evaluation of a set of amphiphilic PK analogs with a diverse array of hydrophobic groups of the formula HR-Suc-FTPRLa led to the identification of analog T-63 (HR=Decyl) that increased the extent of diapause termination by a factor of 70% when applied topically to newly emerged pupae. Another biostablePK analog PK-Oic-1 featured anti-feedant and aphicidal properties that matched the potency of some commercial aphicides. Native PK showed no significant activity. The aphicidal effects were blocked by a new PEGylated PK antagonist analog PK-dF-PEG4, suggesting that the activity is mediated by a PK/PBAN receptor and therefore indicative of a novel and selective mode-of-action. Using a novel transPro mimetic motif (dihydroimidazole; ‘Jones’) developed in previous BARD-sponsored work, the first antagonist for the diapause hormone (DH), DH-Jo, was developed and shown to block over 50% of H. zea pupal diapause termination activity of native DH. This novel antagonist development strategy may be applicable to other invertebrate and vertebrate hormones that feature a transPro in the active core. The research identifies a critical component of the antagonist biophore for this PK/PBAN receptor subtype, i.e. a trans-oriented Pro. Additional work led to the molecular cloning and functional characterization of the DH receptor from H. zea, allowing for the discovery of three other DH antagonist analogs: Drosophila ETH, a β-AA analog, and a dF analog. The receptor experiments identified an agonist (DH-2Abf-dA) with a maximal response greater than native DH. ‘Deconvolution’ of a rationally-designed nonpeptide heterocyclic combinatorial library with a cyclic bis-guanidino (BG) scaffold led to discovery of several members that elicited activity in a pupariation acceleration assay, and one that also showed activity in an H. zea diapause termination assay, eliciting a maximal response of 90%. Molecular cloning and functional characterization of a CAP2b antidiuretic receptor from the kissing bug (R. prolixus) as well as the first CAP2b and PK receptors from a tick was also achieved. Notably, the PK/PBAN-like receptor from the cattle fever tick is unique among known PK/PBAN and CAP2b receptors in that it can interact with both ligand types, providing further evidence for an evolutionary relationship between these two NP families. In the course of the granting period we also managed to clone the PK/PBAN-R of H. peltigera, to express it and the S. littoralis-R Sf-9 cells and to evaluate their interaction with a variety of PK/PBAN ligands. In addition, three functional microplate assays in a HTS format have been developed: a cell-membrane competitive ligand binding assay; a Ca flux assay and a whole cell cAMP ELISA. The Ca flux assay has been used for receptor characterization due to its extremely high sensitivity. Computer homology studies were carried out to predict both receptor’s SAR and based on this analysis 8 mutants have been generated. The bioavailability of small linear antagonistic peptides has been evaluated and was found to be highly effective as sex pheromone biosynthesis inhibitors. The activity of 11 new amphiphilic analogs has also been evaluated. Unfortunately, due to a problem with the Heliothis moth colony we were unable to select those with pheromonotropic antagonistic activity and further check their bioavailability. Six peptides exhibited some melanotropic antagonistic activity but due to the low inhibitory effect the peptides were not further tested for bioavailability in S. littoralis larvae. Despite the fact that no new antagonistic peptides were discovered in the course of this granting period the results contribute to a better understanding of the interaction of the PK/PBAN family of Nps with their receptors, provided several HT assays for screening of libraries of various origin for presence of PK/PBAN-Ragonists and antagonists and provided important practical information for the further design of new, peptide-based insecticide prototypes aimed at the disruption of key neuroendocrine physiological functions in pest insects.

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How much do we really know about ‘Theraplay’ for young children? ACAMH, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.13056/acamh.14291.

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‘Theraplay’ is an intervention that aims to enhance attachment, self-esteem and trust in others for children with behavioural, emotional or developmental difficulties. The intervention, founded on attachment theory,1 harnesses natural and playful interactions between caregivers and children to develop healthy and positive relationships.

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Diagnostic framework for attachment disorders needs improving. Acamh, May 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.13056/acamh.10541.

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Reactive and Disinhibited Attachment Disorders (RAD and DAD) occur when infants and young children have not been able to form an attachment to their primary caregiver, but questions have been raised as to whether these disorders are being over-diagnosed in adopted children.

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Detaching RAD from DSED: the rationale and research requirements. ACAMH, May 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.13056/acamh.10540.

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Attachment disorders were defined in the clinical literature >40 years ago, but their systematic analysis has only occurred relatively recently. In 2015, Charles Zeanah and Mary Margaret Gleason compiled an Annual Research Review into attachment disorders in early childhood for the Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. Here, the researchers outline the key findings from their review and provide an update as to how the field has progressed over the past years.

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