Academic literature on the topic 'Attachment behavior Australia'

Place attachment has become a popular concept in tourism and environmental psychology. However, little research has explored its role in predicting place-related behaviors, compared to alternative place-related constructs such as place satisfaction. This article clarifies the differential impacts of place satisfaction and place attachment on a series of residents’ place-related behaviors (i.e., destination brand-building behaviors), providing empirical evidence from a quantitative survey study. A sample of 358 residents from Sydney, Australia, was included for partial least square (PLS) based structural equation modeling testing. Results of a number of model testing suggest that compared with place satisfaction, dimensions of place attachment affect residents’ destination brand-building behaviors differently in a unique pattern. Place satisfaction strongly predicts residents’ intention to stay or leave, while place attachment more strongly influences residents’ word of mouth, ambassador behavior, and participation in tourism planning for a destination.

Place attachment is the development of a psychological and emotional bond between an individual and their environmental setting. While positive experiences in the residential neighborhood are central to ongoing develop-ment of people–place bonds, whether negative experiences erode place attachment remains unknown. In this study, we explore the relationship between crime victimization, social ties, neighboring behaviors, and place attachment in Brisbane, Australia. Using multilevel linear modeling, we examine whether negative experiences, specifically crime victimization, in the residential neighborhood affect residents’ attachment to place. We also explore whether this relationship is moderated by neighborhood social ties and/or interactions with neighbors. Results indicate that the negative impact of victimization in the residential neighborhood on place attachment is attenuated through frequent social and/or functional interactions with neighbors.

The geographical distribution of parasitism of Australian grasshoppers by the microtrombidiid mite Eutrombidium australiense is delineated. It appears to extend over almost the whole of mainland Australia. At least 248 species are attacked, in the subfamilies Morabinae, Pyrgomorphinae, Oxyinae, Catantopinae (including Cyrtacanthacridini), and Acridinae. The dominant sites of attachment are the insertion of leg III and the prosternum, between them accounting for 80% of cases, with the first the more frequent. Most of the host individuals were attacked by only one mite, but more than 20 were occasionally recorded.

A study is made of a coastal tidal jet, based on a field program together with numerical and analytical modelling of the tidal discharge and jet dynamics. A new criterion is demonstrated for bottom attachment of low-aspect-ratio buoyant jets. The slightly buoyant jet is attached to the seabed over the initial 2 km of its trajectory, which lies in shallow coastal waters of less than 10 m depth. The jet is about 200 m in width and so its ratio of depth to half-width (aspect ratio) is much lower than for previously reported bottom-attached jets. The longitudinal retardation of the axial speed of the jet is due to bottom friction and entrainment. The jet widens only slowly with distance along its trajectory because entrainment is limited to its sides and is compensated by bathymetric deepening. The jet attaches to the coastline by turning, without loss of speed, to move parallel to the shore. The coastal attachment width is found to be a simple function of the ratio of the jet discharge velocity to the speed of the prevailing alongshore current.

The nomadic or dispersive movements of many Australian waterfowl in response to irregular environmental cues make satellite telemetry studies the only means by which these long-distance movements can be tracked in real time. Unlike some large-bodied soaring species, attaching satellite transmitters to small-bodied waterfowl (<1 kg) is not straightforward because ducks have high wing loadings and need to maintain active flapping to stay aloft. In the present paper, we detail one harness design and attachment method that enabled us to track grey teal (Anas gracilis) for up to 879 days. In addition, we detail rates of data loss, changes in data quality over time and variation in data quality from solar-powered satellite-tags deployed on ducks in Australia and Papua New Guinea. Up to 68% of all locational fixes have a nominal accuracy of less than 1 km, and satellite-tags deployed on wild birds can provide up to 22 location fixes per day and store enough energy during the day to run continuously throughout the night.

This paper explores the management implications of a recent study that was designed to explore public and stakeholder values of wildlife in Victoria, Australia. Questionnaires (n = 1431) were used to examine values and knowledge of wildlife held by residents from seven Victorian municipalities and members of six wildlife management stakeholder groups. The results suggest that most Victorians have a relatively strong emotional attachment to individual animals (the humanistic value) and are interested in learning about wildlife and the natural environment (the curiosity/learning/interacting value). In comparison, the negativistic, aesthetic, utilitarian-habitat and dominionistic/wildlife-consumption values were not expressed as strongly. These findings suggest that wildlife managers should expect support for wildlife management objectives that reflect the relatively strong humanistic orientation of Victorians and tailor management and education programs to appeal to this value and Victorians' interest in learning about wildlife.

The geographical distribution and host relations of the 12 species of Charletonia whose larvae are known to parasitise 'short-horned' grasshoppers (Orthoptera) in Australia are described. The eight species for which there are adequate records occupy territories in the form of mainly overlapping bands running approximately from north-west to south-east and succeeding each other in a south-west to north-east direction across the continent, in correlation with isopleths of mean monthly effective moisture for the summer months. As many as 107 species of grasshoppers are attacked, encompassing all four of the Australian subfamilies of Acrididae, the Morabinae (Eumastacidae), and occasionally the Pyrgomorphidae. There is little evidence of host specificity and none of sexual preference. Sites of attachment on the host vary with the species of mite, from predominantly the prosternum to predominantly the alar organs, or, less frequently, various. Most of the host individuals were attacked by only one mite.

Redescriptions are given of E. caballeroi Velasquez, E. caranxi Lebedev and E, chironemi Robinson, described originally from small numbers of specimens. Each species is recorded from a new host and geographic locality. The unusual beating body movement of E. caballeroi is discussed in relation to its site of attachment between the pads of pharyngeal teeth of its host.

Purpose Sustainable entrepreneurship is crucial for the ongoing viability and growth of rural economies. The purpose of this paper is to focus on the role of farm entrepreneurs in the sustainable development of rural regional areas by focusing on the Sunraysia farming community in Australia. Design/methodology/approach The theoretical framework of evolutionary economics is utilized to understand the process of sustainable entrepreneurship for entrepreneurs in rural areas and a case study design is utilized to build theory linking place attachment, innovation legitimacy, and coopetitive behavior to sustainable farm entrepreneurship. The case studies are analyzed using an inductive approach to make theoretical contributions to rural and sustainable entrepreneurship. Findings The key findings are that coopetition is necessary amongst sustainable farm entrepreneurs in order to induce a culture of innovation. Research limitations/implications This study focuses on the Sunraysia region of Australia so might be limited in scope and replication to other geographic areas. Originality/value This study focuses on the role of rural regional areas and the special entrepreneurial characteristics of the Sunraysia region due to immigration and location advantages.

Migration can cause disruption to the normal functioning of the family; especially women and mothers. In this study a cross sectional approach, using both quantitative and qualitative methodologies was undertaken to establish the impact of migration on women fiom the United Kingdom (UK) and Eire (N=154) now living in Australia; from these participants 40 were selected for in-depth interview. Women were asked about their experiences of migration and the strategies used to 'settle' in a new country. The researcher postulated that the process of settlement requires a reinvention of the self through building new perceptions of culture, country, friends, and family and the re-definition of the self in relation to these aspects of the environment. A conceptual model was developed and used to determine and examine the relationships amongst who and what influenced the decision and motivation to migrate, the impact of exposure to a new culture, assault on the old identity and the possible grieving response to the impact of multiple loss (loss of home, major attachment figure, family, community, culture and social networks). Bowlby's attachment theory and grieving process was used as a theoretical framework for the study. Data analysis inQcated that the majority of the women experienced at least some of the characteristics associated with the stages of the grieving process and the time-scale and pathway through the process differed amongst individuals. Women who successfully reached the final stage (reorganisation) of the grieving process were able to re-invent themselves using pre and post-migration strategies (social, cultural and country activities). Participants who were less able in this transformation or re-invention used more solitary strategies. Different levels of a sense of belonging and success in re-inventing the self were linked to the different motivations for migrating. Inability to reach the stage of re-organisation, even after residency of 20 years or more, resulted in negative perceptions of the adopted country and continuing psychological distress. However, even those participants who successfully re-invented themselves continued to foster a residual link to the homeland. This is interpreted to be the result of a form of imprinting. Furthermore, women with newborns or young children identified that the impact of multiple loss, especially loss of a social support system, had a detrimental impact on their childrearing experiences. The study has implications for future migrants in assisting them to adjust and survive in the new country. It also has implications for health professionals to recognise that all mothers and perhaps especially migrant mothers require a social support network. Further, the health professional needs to be a part of that network and also assist the migrant to develop the appropriate shlls to extend their social support. In addition, immigration and social services and the general population should recognise and provide for the psychological and physical needs of migrants of all origins - English speaking as well as non-English speaking.

Migration can cause disruption to the normal functioning of the family; especially women and mothers. In this study a cross sectional approach, using both quantitative and qualitative methodologies was undertaken to establish the impact of migration on women fiom the United Kingdom (UK) and Eire (N=154) now living in Australia; from these participants 40 were selected for in-depth interview. Women were asked about their experiences of migration and the strategies used to 'settle' in a new country. The researcher postulated that the process of settlement requires a reinvention of the self through building new perceptions of culture, country, friends, and family and the re-definition of the self in relation to these aspects of the environment. A conceptual model was developed and used to determine and examine the relationships amongst who and what influenced the decision and motivation to migrate, the impact of exposure to a new culture, assault on the old identity and the possible grieving response to the impact of multiple loss (loss of home, major attachment figure, family, community, culture and social networks). Bowlby's attachment theory and grieving process was used as a theoretical framework for the study. Data analysis inQcated that the majority of the women experienced at least some of the characteristics associated with the stages of the grieving process and the time-scale and pathway through the process differed amongst individuals. Women who successfully reached the final stage (reorganisation) of the grieving process were able to re-invent themselves using pre and post-migration strategies (social, cultural and country activities). Participants who were less able in this transformation or re-invention used more solitary strategies. Different levels of a sense of belonging and success in re-inventing the self were linked to the different motivations for migrating. Inability to reach the stage of re-organisation, even after residency of 20 years or more, resulted in negative perceptions of the adopted country and continuing psychological distress. However, even those participants who successfully re-invented themselves continued to foster a residual link to the homeland. This is interpreted to be the result of a form of imprinting. Furthermore, women with newborns or young children identified that the impact of multiple loss, especially loss of a social support system, had a detrimental impact on their childrearing experiences. The study has implications for future migrants in assisting them to adjust and survive in the new country. It also has implications for health professionals to recognise that all mothers and perhaps especially migrant mothers require a social support network. Further, the health professional needs to be a part of that network and also assist the migrant to develop the appropriate shlls to extend their social support. In addition, immigration and social services and the general population should recognise and provide for the psychological and physical needs of migrants of all origins - English speaking as well as non-English speaking.

This thesis develops an understanding of how the significant-other-attachment-history of ‘secure’, ‘preoccupied’, ‘dismissing-avoidant’ or ‘fearful-avoidant’ new teachers has an effect upon action-choices in the classroom. The motivation for the study is the daily challenge faced by new teachers, as evidenced by disturbing early-career retention statistics. The focus of the thesis is on the redefining of emotional intelligence (EQ) as a comprehensive ‘filtering’ and enabling application of attachment processing. A ‘mixed-method’ analysis of quantitative and qualitative data was conducted, using data from pre-service and early career contexts, collected over a three-year period. In phase one, using the Bar-On EQ-i, and the ‘Experiences in Close Relationships (Revised) Questionnaire’, EQ indicators and the two attachment indicators were tested. In phase two, relevant codes were applied to the qualitative data; using a custom-designed method inspired by Grounded Theory. Three fundamental aspects of the relationship between EQ and attachment were identified during the study, namely, the strength of the relationship, the nature of the relationship, and the effects of the relationship within a teacher-pupil negotiation context. The central argument of the thesis is that levels of attachment-related anxiety and/or attachment-related avoidance, in early-career teachers, inhibit specific EQ-functioning. The relationship between EQ and attachment was found to weaken significantly when the EQ-elements, ‘empathy’ and ‘social responsibility’, revealed no significant correlation when tested against each attachment indicator ‘anxiety’ and ‘avoidance’. Further weakness in the relationship was revealed when the EQ-element ‘interpersonal relationship’ was tested against the attachment indicator ‘anxiety’. Four EQ-elements that do evidence a significant correlation with attachment are ‘reality-testing’, ‘self-regard’, ‘stress-tolerance’ and ‘self-awareness’. The nature of the relationship emerged from qualitative analysis; explained by high levels of attachment-related anxiety or avoidance that inhibit the EQ-abilities of self-regard, reality-testing, stress-tolerance and self-awareness. There is a tri-partite relationship between the elements of attachment style, the above-noted elements of emotional intelligence, and a new teacher’s significant-other attachment history (the summative experiential factor). The nature of the relationship between EQ and attachment is further evidenced by an inhibited EQ-ability for some new teachers. This inhibited ability has an impact upon action-choice, as the new teacher attempts to develop and manage the teacher-pupil relationship. Finally, the nature of the relationship can be seen in significant-other attachment transference-type processes which manifest as positive or negative action-choices by some new teachers. Securely-attached new teachers, exhibiting enhanced self-awareness and self-regard, interpret the reality of the modern classroom differently to fearful, preoccupied and dismissing new teachers. New teachers with high levels of attachment-related anxiety or avoidance evidence diminished EQ-abilities and display action-choices that reflect an attempt to protect the teacher-self within challenging classroom contexts. While this thesis contributes to an understanding of the relationship between emotional intelligence and attachment, further research remains to be done in the field of ‘social and emotional intelligence’. In particular, future scientific research could focus on the brain activity of each of the four attachment styles, to better understand the notion of significant-other transference in educational settings. The finding, that not all elements of emotional intelligence are correlated to attachment processes, should be taken to other contexts. Such work would, in the fullness of time, inform best practice, as pre-service programmers continue to try to find a better way of supporting new teachers.

Adolescence is a rapidly changing relational and emotional landscape where the foundations for future healthy adjustment are established. The importance of interpersonal relationships for promoting positive development during adolescence has seen adolescent developmental processes increasingly re-conceptualized in relational terms. Attachment theory proposes that emotional and psychological wellbeing are intimately linked with attachment figures that provide support and security, and provides an ideal framework from which to explore the influences of interpersonal relationships on the normative developmental processes in adolescence. However, the relative importance of interpersonal relationships for adolescent psychological health has seldom been investigated collectively as an attachment network. Thus, the aims of the present dissertation were to examine developmental differences in the utility of attachment figures in a sample of early and late Australian adolescents, to investigate the changes that occur to these adolescent attachment relationships over twelve months, and to investigate the influence of these relationships for adolescent adjustment. Five hundred and twenty-two high school students from the Australian Capital Territory (ACT) participated in the initial study examining developmental differences in attachment reorganization and the effects of attachment figures on psychological health. Cross-sectional results demonstrated that adolescents differentially used attachment figures for various needs depending on their age, gender, romantic status, and attachment expectancies. Romantic partners were incorporated into attachment networks rather than supplanting existing network members. Higher attachment strength reported to attachment figures did not necessarily indicate greater influence on adolescent wellbeing, with the influences of attachment figures more nuanced and moderated by age and choice of attachment target. Global, dimensional attachment expectancies (Anxiety and Avoidance) were most indicative of adolescent adjustment. Contrary to Hazan and Zeifman's (1994) proposed sequential model of attachment formation, attachment relationships were not found to evolve consistently over twelve months for a subsample of 156 adolescents who re-participated in the longitudinal study. A significant minority reverted back to mothers from friends and romantic partners for attachment needs even though normative trends to specific attachment figures were demonstrated longitudinally. The normative reorganization of attachment needs was not shown to influence adolescent wellbeing longitudinally with one exception. Older adolescents with pre-existing positive school attitudes and who had reoriented towards their peers reported increased positive attitudes towards the school environment. Similar to the cross-sectional analysis, attachment expectancies were more predictive of adolescent adjustment. Although suggesting that changes in attachment relationships have few implications for psychological health, the relative volatility in attachment relationships apparent during adolescence may instead be reflective of other behavioral systems such as the affiliative, sexual or exploratory systems. These findings highlight the methodological limitations of current measures of attachment strength and need for markers exclusive to adolescent attachment. Attachment formation in adolescence appears unique compared with infancy or adulthood, and has implications for the application of attachment theory towards understanding the normative development of interpersonal relationships during adolescence. The importance of accounting for both normative changes in attachment relationships and individual differences in attachment expectancies when predicting adolescent adjustment is also discussed.

The 1990s witnessed the emergence of stalking as a new social construct that was recognized through the development of antistalking statutes. Simultaneously, stalking received widespread attention in the popular news media and in scholarly works by mental health professionals. Considerable variation exists among the legal, clinical, and research definitions of stalking. Large-scale epidemiological studies, conducted in Australia, Great Britain, and the United States, suggest that stalking is a relatively common behavior. Women have an 8–33% lifetime risk of being the victim of stalking, depending on the definition. For men, the lifetime risk is 2–7%. Studies on the epidemiology of stalking violence give a wide range of results: 3–46% of stalkers progress to violence. Higher rates of stalking have been reported among some populations, including college students, mental health clinicians, and celebrities. Female stalkers differ from male stalkers in their motivations and target populations. Finally, children and adolescents also exhibit stalking behaviors outside of normal developmental behaviors. Behavior patterns that we now call “stalking” have been described for thousands of years. Hippocrates, Galen, Plutarch, and various physicians of the Middle Ages described these behaviors (Lloyd-Goldstein, 1998). In 1837, Esquirol differentiated erotomania and nymphomania (Esquirol, 1838/1965). Both Kraepelin (1921/1976) and de Clérambault (1921) described erotomania in the 1920s. Classic literature provides several historical instances of what appears to be stalking. It has been argued that Shakespeare’s last 25 sonnets reflect his obsessional attachment and spurned pursuit of the “dark lady,” with evidence of obscenities, threats, paranoia, and irrationality (Skoler, 1998). Mullen, Pathé, and Purcell (2000) describe evidence of behaviors typical of stalkers in the lives and written works of Italian poets Danté Alighieri (1265–1321) and Petrarch (1304–1374), and the philosopher Søren Kierkegaard (1813–1855). Louisa May Alcott’s first novel, A Long Fatal Love Chase, written in 1866 but discovered and published in 1993, tells the story of a young woman pursued with increasing anger, resentment, and ultimately violence by the husband she left (Mullen et al., 2000). Two of the late twentieth century’s most notorious forensic psychiatric cases arose from the mental problems and violent behavior of stalkers.

Evidence of declining well-being and increasing rates of depression and other mental illnesses has been linked with modern humans’ separation from nature. Landscapes become therapeutic when physical and built environments, social conditions, and human perceptions combine. Highlighting the contextual factors underpinning this separation from nature, this chapter outlines three Australian case studies to illustrate the links between therapeutic landscapes, restorative environments, place attachment, and well-being. Case study 1, a quantitative study of 452 park users near Melbourne, Victoria, focuses on place attachment and explored the links between pro-environmental behaviour and psychological well-being. Case study 2, a small pilot mixed-methods study in a rural area of Victoria, explores the restorative potential of hands-on nature-based activities for people suffering depression, anxiety, and social isolation. Case study 3, a qualitative study of users’ experiences of accessing hospital gardens in Melbourne, highlights improved emotional states and social connections.