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van der Merwe, Stephan. "The Development of The South African Emolument Attachment Order Mechanism: A Historical Overview." Fundamina 28, no. 1 (2022): 140–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.47348/fund/v28/i1a4.
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In South Africa, wage garnishment is achieved through the emolument attachment order (hereafter “EAO”) mechanism. This civil debtcollection instrument plays a significant role in South African society, affecting the lives of potentially millions of people. It is therefore concerning that the mechanism is often criticised for lacking effective measures to prevent, monitor, identify and then correct irregularities in the collection of debt through EAOs. This contribution considers the historical context that directed the development of the South African EAO mechanism and the composition of the current South African framework regulating EAOs. It considers South Africa’s unique legal approach resulting from the development of common-law procedural affordances supporting a predominantly civil-law substantive system. It analyses the role of Roman law, Roman-Dutch law, English common law, and the constitutional dispensation in shaping the contemporary EAO mechanism. In the process, the study identifies challenges that have been present since the mechanism’s earliest origins, which can be traced through its historic development and remain contentious in its contemporary version. The study is significant since the EAO mechanism has not yet been subjected to a comprehensive and critical analysis of this kind. Limited research has been conducted on the South African EAO mechanism and there has not been any detailed analysis of its history and development. It is submitted that such an analysis is a necessary first step to facilitate further in-depth comparative research with the aim of developing an effective and fair EAO mechanism.
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Schölmerich, Axel, and Marcel A. G. van Aken. "Attachment Security and Maternal Concepts of Ideal Children in Northern and Southern Germany." International Journal of Behavioral Development 19, no. 4 (December 1996): 725–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016502549601900403.
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The degree of attachment security and the concept of an "ideal child" were investigated by asking 83 mothers to describe the secure-base behaviour of either their own children or of an imagined "ideal child" using a German translation of Waters' (1987) Attachment Q-Set. Additionally, 11 German experts generated a "maximally secure" criterion sort, which was virtually identical with the established US criterion sort. Attachment security is highly desirable, as shown by the similarity between the profiles of the ideal descriptions and the security criterion sort. Two subsamples from Northern and Southern Germany showed similar intercorrelations of Attachment Q-Set subscales. We identified small differences in Northern and Southern mothers' perceptions of an "ideal" child in items relating to activity and independence. However, Northern and Southern mothers' descriptions of their toddlers did not differ in attachment security or dependence.
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Leschke, Janine, and Kurt Vandaele. "Explaining leaving union membership by the degree of labour market attachment: Exploring the case of Germany." Economic and Industrial Democracy 39, no. 1 (September 16, 2015): 64–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0143831x15603456.
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By particularly stressing the weaker labour market attachment of workers with non-standard contracts, this article contributes to the rather unexplored issue of mainly non-union-related reasons for leaving trade unions. Germany has been selected as a case study because German unions experienced a steady decline in membership, while at the same time non-standard employment arrangements increased considerably and more so than the European average. Using the German Socio-Economic Panel data, the authors construct a labour market attachment variable capturing different degrees of attachment. Their analysis shows the impact of labour market attachment and firm-level characteristics on union leaving and points especially to important differences across gender.
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Pacini, Carl J., William S. Hopwood, and Debra T. Sinclair. "Domestic Asset Tracing: Identifying, Locating and Freezing Stolen and Hidden Assets." Journal of Forensic Accounting Research 1, no. 1 (December 1, 2016): A42—A65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/jfar-51549.
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ABSTRACT The rate of recovery of stolen and hidden assets from fraud and other schemes is low. This paper explores two steps of the investigative sequence in pursuing domestic (onshore) asset recovery when the objective is to recover specific assets (or their equivalent value) lost to fraud or hidden for some other purpose: asset identification and location (tracing) and asset freezing. Before pursuing asset tracing and freezing, an attorney, a forensic accountant, and a client must consider various factors, including the cost and likelihood of recovery, as well as whether there are third parties (e.g., banks, lawyers, and accountants) from whom recovery may be sought. It is necessary to obtain certain basic identifying information for any suspect or target, as well as their associates, relatives, and friends. This information can be gleaned from electronic databases, surveillance, covert operations, interviews, and other sources. This article also covers the places where assets can be hidden, as well as the various asset freezing measures available in the U.S., such as attachment, replevin, garnishment, lis pendens, and injunctions. Numerous useful websites and databases are noted throughout the paper (a list is available as a downloadable Word document, see Appendix A). The article concludes with an analysis of the importance of protecting the attorney-client privilege for a non-testifying forensic accountant.
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Iuga, Christine. "Group attachment and its inner working model Developing a projective test to measure mental representations of group attachment based on the AAP." PSICOBIETTIVO 43, no. 3 (January 2024): 99–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/psob2023-003007.
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Is there any difference between dyadic and group attachment? Following Bowlby's (1982) beliefs, attachment is important across the lifespan: dependent on the early sensitive caregiving, we seek out for others ( family members, peer groups and lovers) to fulfill our different needs. The refined mental representations also include our experiences of receiving protection and care in groups and influence our perception and action in future situations. Based upon the AAP (George, 1999), which provides a developmental approach to the assessment of the dyadic adult attachment system, this study tries to extend the projective test by measuring patterns of group attachment. The AGAP-Test (Adult Group Attachment Projective Picture Test) contains a series of eight pictures that activate the unconscious "group attachment system" and tries to give via patients narrative insight in secure, insecure or disorganized schemes and defensive processes against anxiety, suffering and pain in repeated former experiences in groups. The AGAP Test is currently in development and used in the measurement of the change of group attachment related mental representations in individuals during long-term psychodynamic group therapy. The second approach tries to give insight into attachment related social unconscious processes such as defense and coherence via guiding the "group as unity" to absolve the projective test. For the "healthy" reference groups, the narratives of eight group analytic trainee groups at the GRAS (Gruppenanalyseseminar e.V.) Institute in Bonn, Germany, have been collected. To illustrate the effectiveness of aspects relevant to group attachment, the test is also frequently used in the supervision and further training of adult student groups.
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Andersson, Gunnar, Michaela Kreyenfeld, and Tatjana Mika. "Welfare state context, female labour-market attachment and childbearing in Germany and Denmark." Journal of Population Research 31, no. 4 (October 15, 2014): 287–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12546-014-9135-3.
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Scholmerich, Axel. "Attachment Security and Maternal Concepts of Ideal Children in Northern and Southern Germany." International Journal of Behavioral Development 19, no. 4 (December 1, 1996): 725–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/016502596385541.
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Mirecka, Agata. "Polski krytyk teatralny Andrzej Wirth – mistrz przemieszczania się i jego rola w kształtowaniu nowego oblicza teatru w Niemczech." Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis | Studia Historicolitteraria 22 (December 31, 2022): 173–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.24917/20811853.22.10.
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Andrzej Wirth, a 20th century Polish essayist, philosopher and theatre critic, is one of the often forgotten theatre and drama scholars in Poland, perhaps due to his long life in exile. A recognized expert in theatre studies and philosophy, he has lectured at many universities around the world, especially in the United States and Europe. He gained particular recognition as the founder and director of the Institute for Applied Theatre Studies at the University of Giessen in Germany. The aim of this article is to introduce Wirth’s personality, outline his life between cultures and highlight his importance for the development of theatre studies in Germany, as well as his great contribution to the promotion of Polish literature in Germany in the mid-20th century. Andrzej Wirth’s life was beyond borders and divisions, although with a particular attachment to the culture of his homeland and Germany; he was rooted in childhood memories and a desire for theatre as a liberated art in an age of evolving media technologies.
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Gugová, Gabriela Rozvadský. "Styles of attachment determined by the slovak version of sembu." Acta Educationis Generalis 8, no. 2 (August 1, 2018): 82–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/atd-2018-0014.
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Abstract Introduction: The theory of attachment is widely recognized (Ainsworth, Blehar, Waters, & Wall, 1978). This theory is based on four basic types of relationships. The sEMBU questionnaire does not focus on the relationships but parental behavior, however, parental behavior is the presentation of the relationship. Our goal was to determine the types of attachment and to obtain information about secure attachment by using cluster analysis. Methods: sEMBU primarily finds out about three basic patterns used in parental behaviour - rejection, emotional warmth and overprotection. We used the 23-item s(short)-EMBU which previously demonstrated to be satisfactory on the samples of students from Greece, Guatemala, Hungary, Italy, East-Germany, and Sweden (Arrindell et al., 2001). The Slovak translation of the original sEMBU was published in 2007 (Poliaková, Mojžišová, & Hašto, 2007). Since relationships are closely related to rejection, emotional warmth and overprotection, we tried to find behavioral patterns based on Bowlby’s attachment theory. We did not use standard procedures. Using cluster analysis, we also sorted the sample into four groups based on the presupposed attachment styles. Results: Overprotection (father) has the highest share for classification and differentiation in the cluster. Emotional warmth (mother) has the highest share for classification and differentiation in the cluster. We expected to find out that the secure type of attachment prevails over avoidance both in mothers and fathers. Conclusions: Our results surprised us; in the case of mothers, secure attachment did not occur at all. We suggest to continue in the research of the Slovak version of sEMBU focused on the types of attachment, especially on the secure type of attachment.
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Bucx, Freek, and Inge Seiffge-Krenke. "Romantic relationships in intra-ethnic and inter-ethnic adolescent couples in Germany: The role of attachment to parents, self-esteem, and conflict resolution skills." International Journal of Behavioral Development 34, no. 2 (March 2010): 128–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0165025409360294.
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We investigated romantic relationships in a sample of 380 adolescents who formed 190 heterosexual couples (mean age: females 17 years; males 18 years): 173 intra-ethnic (German) couples and 17 inter-ethnic couples. Factor analyses revealed two types of love experiences: (a) experiences of attraction and a passionate focus on the partner (passionate love) and (b) experiences of affiliation (companionate love). No differences were found between intra-ethnic and inter-ethnic couples in romantic experiences, self-esteem, and conflict resolution skills. Adolescents in intra-ethnic couples had more close relations with parents than adolescents in inter-ethnic couples. Actor—Partner Interdependence Models (APIMs) showed that companionate love was indirectly predicted by the quality of attachment towards parents; this relationship was mediated by self-esteem and conflict resolution skills. Whereas the quality of girlfriends’ attachment to the father (not to the mother) predicted conflict resolution skills in romantic relationships, boyfriends’ conflict resolution skills were predicted by the quality of attachment to the mother (not to the father). Furthermore, cross-partner effects were observed: girlfriends’ experiences of companionate love were not only predicted by attachment to their own mother, but also by the relation between their boyfriend and his mother.
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Scheffold, Katharina, Rebecca Philipp, Susan Koranyi, Dorit Engelmann, Frank Schulz-Kindermann, Martin Härter, and Anja Mehnert. "Insecure attachment predicts depression and death anxiety in advanced cancer patients." Palliative and Supportive Care 16, no. 3 (May 15, 2017): 308–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1478951517000281.
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ABSTRACTObjective:The prevalence of depression as well as adjustment and anxiety disorders is high in advanced cancer patients, and research exploring intraindividual factors leading to high psychological distress is underrepresented. Cancer patients' feelings about security and trust in their healthcare providers have a significant influence on how they deal with their disease. The perception of social support is affected by patients' attachment styles and influences their reactions to feelings of dependency and loss of control. We therefore aimed to explore attachment and its association with psychological distress in patients with advanced cancer.Method:We obtained data from the baseline measurements of a randomized controlled trial in advanced cancer patients. Patients were sampled from the university medical centers of Hamburg and Leipzig, Germany. The main outcome measures included the Patient Health Questionnaire, the Death and Dying Distress Scale, the Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale, and the Experience in Close Relationships Scale for assessing attachment insecurity.Results:A total of 162 patients were included. We found that 64% of patients were insecurely attached (fearful-avoidant 31%, dismissing 17%, and preoccupied 16%). A dismissing attachment style was associated with more physical symptoms but did not predict psychological distress. A fearful-avoidant attachment style significantly predicted higher death anxiety and depression, whereas preoccupied attachment predicted higher death anxiety only. Overall, insecure attachment contributed to the prediction of depression (10%) and death anxiety (14%).Significance of results:The concept of attachment plays a relevant role in advanced cancer patients' mental health. Healthcare providers can benefit from knowledge of advanced cancer patients' attachment styles and how they relate to specific mental distress. Developing a better understanding of patients' reactions to feelings of dependency and distressing emotions can help us to develop individually tailored advanced cancer care programs and psychotherapeutic interventions.
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Augustin, Michaela, Volker Mall, and Maria Licata-Dandel. "ADHD Symptoms in Middle Childhood: The Role of Child Attachment and Maternal Emotional Availability in an Inpatient Clinical Sample." European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education 14, no. 6 (June 4, 2024): 1572–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe14060104.
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Background: Child ADHD symptoms are highly prevalent in middle childhood, alongside impairment in social functioning. The parent–child relationship has been shown to play an important role; however, studies investigating specific facets of the parent–child relationship in ADHD symptomatology in middle childhood have been neglected. We assumed that higher ADHD symptoms were associated with both (1) lower maternal emotional availability (EA) and (2) lower child attachment security. Moreover, (3) we aimed to explore which specific EA dimensions were associated with ADHD symptoms. Methods: In a socio-pediatric clinic in Germany, 71 inpatient mother–child dyads (child age: M = 7.70, SD = 1.06; n = 54 boys) were assessed. Clinical data about child ADHD symptoms (Child Behavior Checklist 6–18 subscale “attention deficit/hyperactivity problems”), maternal EA (free play), and child attachment representation (Attachment Story Completion Task, GEV-B) were analyzed cross-sectionally. Results: Controlling for child oppositional behavior and sex, child ADHD symptoms were associated with overall maternal EA, and more specifically non-hostility, but not with child attachment representation. Conclusions: Our results imply that the role of parent–child interaction quality should be considered in the treatment of ADHD. Bidirectional effects cannot be ruled out.
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Monteiro, Sofia, Pedro Barreiros, Joana Mendes, Carlos Aroso, António Sérgio Silva, and José Manuel Mendes. "The Influence of Cleaning Solutions on the Retention of Overdenture Attachment Systems." Biomedicines 11, no. 6 (June 9, 2023): 1681. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11061681.
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Dental-implant-supported reconstructions provide comfort and improvements in prosthetic function, adaptation, and stability over conventional treatment options. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different denture cleansing solutions and their influence on the deterioration and loss of retention of overdenture attachments in a 12-month clinical-use simulation. In this way, ten specimens each of different brands of retentive caps made of Teflon (OT Equator® (Rhein83, Bologna, Italy), Locator® (Zest Anchors, Escondido, CA, USA), Kerator® (KJ Meditech, Gwangiu, Republic of Korea), and Locator R-Tx® (Zest Anchors, Escondido, CA, USA)) were immersed in five different cleaning solutions (Kukident® (P&G Tech, Oxford Parkway, UK), Benfix® (Laboratorios URGO S.L., Guipúzcoa, Spain), Corega® (Stafford Miller, Waterford, Ireland), and Protefix® (Neuhofer Weiche, Parchim, Germany)), and tap water was used as the control group, in a simulation that lasted 12 months. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and a Tukey HSD. Furthermore, a Levene Test and Shapiro–Wilk tests were performed to assess the validation of the ANOVA assumptions. The statistical analysis was performed using R version 4.2.2 software with the significance level set to p < 0.05. There were significant statistical differences between the different manufacturers regarding the retention forces of the attachment’s retentive caps (F = 322.066, p < 0.001). For the cleaning solution groups, different statistical results between Kukident® (P&G Tech, Oxford Parkway, UK) (p < 0.05) and Benfix® (Laboratorios URGO S.L., Guipúzcoa, Spain) (p < 0.05) were observed. There were no significant statistical differences between Corega® (Stafford Miller, Ireland), Protefix® (Neuhofer Weiche, Parchim, Germany), and tap water, even though the retention forces decreased in all of them.
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Grossmann, Karin, Klaus E. Grossmann, Gottfried Spangler, Gerhard Suess, and Lothar Unzner. "Maternal Sensitivity and Newborns' Orientation Responses as Related to Quality of Attachment in Northern Germany." Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development 50, no. 1/2 (1985): 233. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3333836.
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Gloger-Tippelt, Gabriele, and Lilith König. "Attachment Representations in 6-Year-Old Children from One and Two Parent Families in Germany." School Psychology International 28, no. 3 (July 2007): 313–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0143034307078540.
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Waldorf, Brigitte S. "ASSIMILATION AND ATTACHMENT IN THE CONTEXT OF INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION: THE CASE OF GUESTWORKERS IN GERMANY." Papers in Regional Science 73, no. 3 (January 14, 2005): 241–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1435-5597.1994.tb00613.x.
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Höhendinger, Martin, Hans-Jürgen Krieg, Reinhard Dietrich, Stefan Rauscher, Jörn Stumpenhausen, and Heinz Bernhardt. "Impacts of Divergent Moving Drives on Energy Efficiency and Performance of Various AMS in Operative Conditions." Agriculture 11, no. 9 (August 25, 2021): 806. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11090806.
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In recent decades, the costs of energy in dairy farming increased mainly due to rising energy prices but also due to increased mechanisation and automatisation. Electric energy in dairy farming is essentially used for milking and milk cooling. However, the energy consumption of automatic milking systems (AMS) depend on many factors (e.g., machine generations, machine configurations and settings, and operative conditions). To evaluate the differences in performance and energy efficiency of AMS, the impact of different technologies within the attachment arm in practical conditions, a detailed quantification of energy consumption was carried out on two consecutive single box automatic milking systems (AMS) of a dairy farm in southern Bavaria (Germany). The AMS equipped with an electrical drive of the attachment arm was more efficient and showed a higher capacity regarding cows in the herd. The replacement of the pneumatic drive with electrical drives leads to higher energy consumptions of the milking robot but reduces the energy consumption of the air compressor. Hence, the energy efficiency of the electric attachment arm showed strong advantages in the energetic efficiency of the whole milking process. Advances of sustainability due to the increased performance are and should be investigated in further research.
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Schieferbein, Franziska, Matthias Bauer, Andreas Klingl, and Simone Schopf. "Mineral Specific Biofilm Formation of “Acidibacillus ferrooxidans” Huett2." Solid State Phenomena 262 (August 2017): 334–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.262.334.
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Recently, a novel acidophilic heterotrophic iron oxidizing bacterium belonging to the newly described genus Acidibacillus (formerly Alicyclobacillus) was isolated from a water drainage ditch in Freiberg, Germany. Bioleaching tests showed that Acidibacillus ferrooxidans Huett2 contributes to the dissolution of minerals. As microbe-mineral interactions play a crucial role in nature and enhance the reaction kinetics of the mineral dissolution, attachment of Ab. ferrooxidans Huett2 on the sulfide minerals pyrite (FeS2), chalcopyrite (CuFeS2), and chalcocite (Cu2S) is in the focus of our current investigations.
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Bura, Renata. "Językowy obraz łużyckich zwyczajów." Język. Religia. Tożsamość. 2, no. 28 (December 31, 2023): 41–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0054.2866.
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Practicing customs and rituals is a very important element that unites the Sorbs, as well as an exponent of the national identity of this Slavic minority in Germany. Attachment to tradition and customs is also reflected in the language. The collected linguistic material (nearly 80 Upper Sorbian idioms and proverbs) illustrates many interesting Sorbian customs. It reflects mainly those traditions and customs that are closely related to faith, such as some Easter customs or the tradition of indulgence feasts/parish festival.
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Schaefer, Sagi. "Growing Apart: Farmers and the Division of Germany, 1945–1965." Central European History 50, no. 4 (December 2017): 493–513. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008938917000929.
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AbstractA variety of external forces led to the division of Germany after 1945, and, almost three decades after the fall of the Berlin Wall, division continues to persist as a social, economic, and political factor in united Germany. This article contributes to scholarly efforts aimed at delineating the ways in which division became a component in the self-perception of many Germans. Focusing on farmers, it shows that their attachment to the land was one such path. At the same time, it argues that farmers were among the first to contend with division in 1945 and, as the most numerous participants in the so-called Little Border Traffic (Kleine Grenzverkehr) between the two postwar states, were keenly aware of the growing division of Germany from its earliest days. The article highlights the choice that farmers made between living in East or in West Germany, arguing that because crossing the border was optional until the mid-1960s, and because land was much less available in the West than in the East, many East German farmers came to associate life in West Germany with the loss of land—and life in East Germany with an ability to keep it. When deciding to stay put, flee westward, or move from West to East, farmers prioritized the degree to which they were attached to their land and property. By making that choice, they cemented their self-perception as belonging to one of the opposing sides. This was not an ideological declaration per se, but rather one rooted in eminently practical considerations.
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Frodermann, Corinna, and Dana Müller. "Establishment Closures in Germany: The Motherhood Penalty at Job Search Durations." European Sociological Review 35, no. 6 (September 3, 2019): 845–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/esr/jcz043.
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Abstract This study contributes to the research on motherhood penalties by investigating based on German longitudinal register data whether mothers take longer to search for a job than childless women. We develop a unique research design to test the theory of statistical discrimination as well as the theory of status-based discrimination. We use establishment closures as a starting point that creates equal conditions for all previously employed women. Following a subsequent coarsened exact matching approach, we investigate the job search length of almost 3,000 comparable full-time working childless women and mothers from almost 700 establishments by applying event history techniques. Even after extensive robustness checks that back up the main findings, we can show that mothers have lower transition rates to re-employment than childless women. When including additional information, such as higher age of the youngest child or shorter parental leave durations, both of which serve as indicators of higher labour market attachment, we find reduced differences and buffering effects on the motherhood penalty.
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Eisen, Nadja, Felix Straube, Simone Schopf, and Michael Schlömann. "Adhesion Studies of Microorganisms on Natural Ore Material." Solid State Phenomena 262 (August 2017): 398–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.262.398.
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In the course of the decline of high-grade ore deposits, new effective and eco-friendly bioleaching techniques are of interest. In-situ leaching is an auspicious method, but composition of leaching community should be adapted to the respective external conditions and the ore material. In this study several sulfidic minerals were inoculated into acidic mine water of a mine in eastern Germany, housing members of well-known iron oxidizing bacteria like Acidithiobacillus, Leptospirillum and Ferrovum. The attachment tests were performed in batch and in a continuous way at different temperatures. The analysis of the extracted DNA from adhered cells showed an enrichment of Ferrovum spp. on chalcopyrite surface under in-situ conditions at 11°C. For laboratory batch conditions an accumulation of Leptospirillum spp. was detected for adhered cells probably due to the changes of the physicochemical parameter of the mine water. In more detailed analyses we aim to elucidate possible preferential attachment of the mine water community members to certain minerals.
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Gund, Madline P., Jusef Naim, Antje Lehmann, Matthias Hannig, Markus Lange, Axel Schindler, and Stefan Rupf. "Cold Atmospheric Plasma Improves the Colonization of Titanium with Primary Human Osteoblasts: An In Vitro Study." Biomedicines 12, no. 3 (March 18, 2024): 673. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12030673.
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Several studies have shown that cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) treatment can favourably modify titanium surfaces to promote osteoblast colonization. The aim of this study was to investigate the initial attachment of primary human osteoblasts to plasma-treated titanium. Micro-structured titanium discs were treated with cold atmospheric plasma followed by the application of primary human osteoblasts. The microwave plasma source used in this study uses helium as a carrier gas and was developed at the Leibniz Institute for Surface Modification in Leipzig, Germany. Primary human osteoblasts were analyzed by fluorescence and cell biological tests (alkaline phosphatase activity and cell proliferation using WST-1 assay). The tests were performed after 4, 12, and 24 h and showed statistically significant increased levels of cell activity after plasma treatment. The results of this study indicate that plasma treatment improves the initial attachment of primary human osteoblasts to titanium. For the first time, the positive effect of cold atmospheric plasma treatment of micro-structured titanium on the initial colonization with primary human osteoblasts has been demonstrated. Overall, this study demonstrates the excellent biocompatibility of micro-structured titanium. The results of this study support efforts to use cold atmospheric plasmas in implantology, both for preimplantation conditioning and for regeneration of lost attachment due to peri-implantitis.
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Zatlin, Jonathan R. "Unifying without Integrating: The East German Collapse and German Unity." Central European History 43, no. 3 (August 18, 2010): 484–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008938910000385.
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The demise of the German Democratic Republic (GDR) came as a surprise to most western observers. For historians of modern Europe, its disappearance remains remarkable for at least two reasons. First, East Germany has ceased to exist in an era when new states are constantly being born. Since the French Revolution unleashed the power of national self-determination as an ordering principle more than 200 years ago, new sovereign states have continued to emerge across the globe, whether through the breakup of multiethnic and colonial empires or the dissolution of pan-Slavic states in eastern Europe. Illiberal governments have been swept aside, often with the result that new states have been cast out of imperial entities by the centrifugal force of cultural attachment. In the history of European political sovereignty during the twentieth century, the particular has triumphed over the universal. Except in the case of the GDR. Against the tide of European history, the GDR has gone from sovereign state (East Germany) to regional designation (eastern Germany). In this sense, the story of the GDR's absorption by a larger polity is a tale of modern state-building told in reverse.
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Wartner, Ulrike G., Karin Grossmann, Elisabeth Fremmer-Bombik, and Gerhard Suess. "Attachment Patterns at Age Six in South Germany: Predictability from Infancy and Implications for Preschool Behavior." Child Development 65, no. 4 (August 1994): 1014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1131301.
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Hildebrandt, Achim, and Eva-Maria Trüdinger. "Belonging and exclusion: the dark side of regional identity in Germany." Comparative European Politics 19, no. 2 (February 22, 2021): 146–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/s41295-020-00230-5.
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AbstractA collective regional identity is a favourable condition for the acceptance of majority decisions made at the regional level and for the delegation of competencies from the central to regional governments. Moreover, a regional identity can play an important role in times of global challenges. Regional attachment might generate a we-feeling and help individuals to cope better with a complex world. The same feeling, however, might also serve as a basis for exclusionary attitudes. In this article, we analyse regional identity at the Land level in Germany with data from the German General Social Survey. Our results show that regional identity is strong in both the eastern and western parts of the country, with people in the east, surprisingly, identifying with their respective Land slightly more than people in the west, even though the five eastern Länder were only established in 1990 after decades of centralist rule. Furthermore, the dark side of regional identity manifests itself only in eastern Germany, where a stronger regional identity tends to go hand in hand with a greater dislike of foreigners.
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Vigl, Julia, Hannah Strauss, Francesca Talamini, and Marcel Zentner. "Relationship satisfaction in the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-national examination of situational, dispositional, and relationship factors." PLOS ONE 17, no. 3 (March 3, 2022): e0264511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0264511.
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The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has had a large impact on various aspects of life, but questions about its effects on close relationships remain largely unanswered. In the present study, we examined perceived changes in relationship satisfaction at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic by using an international sample of 3,243 individuals from 67 different countries, mostly from Italy, the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, Austria, and Switzerland. In April and May 2020, participants responded to an online survey that included questions about relationship satisfaction, their satisfaction before the pandemic, other relationship aspects (e.g., shared time), special circumstances (e.g., mobility restrictions), and enduring dispositions (e.g., insecure attachment). A decline in time shared with one’s partner was most strongly associated with perceived decreases in relationship satisfaction, resulting in a different pattern of findings for cohabiting and non-cohabiting individuals. Among the most influential moderators were anxious and avoidant attachment. The findings offer insights into both aggravating and protecting factors in couples’ responses to pandemic-related stressors.
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Nguyen, Anh-Tuan T., Fjodors Tjulkins, Knut E. Aasmundtveit, Nils Hoivik, Lars Hoff, Ole-Johannes Grymyr, Per Steinar Halvorsen, and Kristin Imenes. "Development of a Multifunctional Implantable Heart Monitoring Device." Journal of Microelectronics and Electronic Packaging 12, no. 4 (October 1, 2015): 171–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/imaps.476.
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Early detection of cardiac complications after heart surgery is a crucial demand in clinical surveillance facilities. The use of accelerometer devices fixated to the heart has been demonstrated as a promising method for the detection of myocardial ischemia with high sensitivity and specificity. One of the most important challenges in developing heart implantable accelerometer devices is to minimize any tissue trauma. In this study, a new approach in making a heart muscle implantable accelerometer sensor is described. An overall diameter of 2 mm is achieved by encapsulating a miniaturized three-axis MEMS accelerometer (similar to the BMA355) from Bosch Sensortec GmbH, Germany. The design of the sensor features a simple implantation procedure, which aims to be similar to the medical procedure of temporary pacing wire attachment. The device remained in place in the heart muscle without the need for additional attachment or fixation. The essential clinical requirements for implantable devices, especially heart implantable sensors, are also taken into account in this study. Additional safety enhancement is realized by adding a galvanic isolator, which ensures electrical safety.
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Bahturina, Alexandra. "The Test of Patriotism: Germany in the Perception of the Baltic Germans during the First World War." Novaia i noveishaia istoriia, no. 3 (2022): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s013038640020240-2.
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The article examines the attitude of the Baltic Germans towards Germany during the Great War. With the outbreak of the war, the Baltic Germans were forced to define their position towards their ethnic homeland, which had gone into war with the Russian Empire. The Baltic Germans' perception of Germany is reflected in a wide variety of sources, resulting in diametrically opposite assessments. The aim of the article is to provide a comparative analysis of official documents of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the Council of Ministers, ego-sources, and applications for Russian citizenship from “enemy subjects”, to identify different attitudes towards Germany among the Baltic Germans, which were shaped by a variety of factors, including the anti-German activities of the Tsarist government, general imperial measures prompted by the war, and emotional assessment of what was happening. Previous studies have examined the views of the Baltic Germans mainly on the basis of Russian periodicals and the writings of nationalist publicists. This has left the complex process of searching for the boundary between loyalty to the Russian Empire and attitudes towards Germany, the country of their culture and mother tongue, among the Baltic Germans, outside the realm of research interest. This article aims to fill this gap. The study suggests that the patriotism of the Baltic Germans did not extend so far as to actively and publicly demonstrate rejection of their historic homeland. A considerable proportion of the Baltic Germans sought to strike an acceptable balance between their Russian citizenship and their German background, while attitudes towards Germany among them varied, depending on social background, degree of attachment to Russia and other factors.
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Mbah, Melanie, Ryan Kelly, Sina Bremer, and Henriette Muxlhanga. "Perceptions of surface facilities of a potential disposal site and the role of place attachment." Safety of Nuclear Waste Disposal 2 (September 6, 2023): 249–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/sand-2-249-2023.
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Abstract. Building a deep geological repository for the final disposal of nuclear waste implies not only changes in the underground but also landscape changes on the surface. Transformations of the surface – the landscape – are accompanied by changes in the perceptions of places and the activities of those living close-by, e.g. regarding leisure activities (cf. Devine-Wright and Batel, 2017; Gailing et al., 2020). Therefore, changed perceptions of a landscape may also have effects on the place attachments of individuals and collective groups who live in those transformed regions (cf. Knaps et al., 2022; Mihaylov and Perkins, 2014). Place attachment is defined as the emotional bond of individuals or collectives to certain locations or landscapes, which include both physical objects and social aspects (cf. Lewicka, 2011). Potentially affected local people want to be able to have an idea of what a repository might look like, even on the surface, how this would fit into the surrounding landscape, and what effects the construction and operation of a repository might have on a region. In this context, participation plays an important role, as shown, for example, by the extensive discussion on the placement of surface facilities in the sectoral plan procedure for deep geological repositories in Switzerland (cf. Neles, 2022). In the project TRANSENS, a transdisciplinary project on disposal research, we conducted an empirical study with different actors on the role of place attachment and perceptions of models of surface facilities of a repository. Our research question is as follows: how do residents with different place attachments perceive landscape changes? For this purpose, we designed an experimental workshop setting with different actors (students, people from different regions in Germany, and transdisciplinary partners in TRANSENS). In this experimental setting, we conducted two surveys which were centred, first, on place attachment and, second, on perceptions of the visualized models of surface facilities integrated in different landscapes (which we showed the participants in a 3D virtual space). We also included a group discussion on the different perceptions and evaluated how the discussion changed the perception. The results of the workshop show that place attachment among the participants of the workshop is more or less pronounced and influences the perception of the visualized surface models differently (e.g. those who define “home” by its landscape elements attach great importance to changes in the landscape). Aesthetic aspects in relation to the embedding in the landscape are emphasized in the discussion. In addition, the group discussion had a rather positive influence on the perception of surface facilities. The findings of the experimental workshop are integrated in a transdisciplinary research design on spatial effects and governance in which we have already conducted several interviews (e.g. on place attachment) with individuals from three different regions of Germany. With our research, we aim to elaborate on how these findings are to be included in a place-sensitive and participatory long-term governance concept (cf. Mbah and Kuppler, 2021).
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Achilles, Manuela. "With a Passion for Reason: Celebrating the Constitution in Weimar Germany." Central European History 43, no. 4 (December 2010): 666–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008938910000750.
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It has long been held that Weimar democracy lacked the symbolic appeal necessary to bind collective sentiment and to win popular support. While recent revisionist histories of Weimar politics and culture take their cue from Peter Fritzsche's argument that “Weimar is less a cumulative failure than a series of bold experiments,” the turn toward new approaches and perspectives is uneven and incomplete even in those studies that avoid conflating the fragility of Weimar democracy with the overall lack or absence of democratic identifications. Detlev Peukert, while admonishing his readers not to minimize the Weimar experiment in democracy, also argues that the first German republic had no founding ritual, and that this absence in national history attests to a general lack of legitimacy. Eric Weitz, in his eloquent survey of the republic's promises and tragedy, has little to say about the proponents and forms of Weimar democratic culture. Thomas Mergel, who shows that the Weimar parliament was marked by a cooperative atmosphere of pragmatic republicanism, attributes to the republican Left a certain tendency “toward a rationalistic understanding of politics, toward the underestimation of the emotional attachment to a flag.” This assessment is entirely in line with the earlier claim that the rationalistic optimism (Gotthard Jasper) of the republican forces led to a “consequential underestimation of the integrative power of state symbols” (Klaus Wippermann).
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Schwaab, Lukas, Nadja Gebhardt, Hans-Christoph Friederich, and Christoph Nikendei. "Climate Change Related Depression, Anxiety and Stress Symptoms Perceived by Medical Students." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 15 (July 27, 2022): 9142. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19159142.
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Climate change has drastic consequences on human physical and mental health. However, research on the psychological effects of climate change awareness is still inconclusive. To examine the mental burden posed by climate change awareness and potential resilience factors, n = 203 medical students were surveyed about their awareness of the implications of climate change. Furthermore, well-established mental health questionnaires (PHQ-9, GAD-7, PTSS-10, PSQ-20) were presented twice, in their original form and in a modified version to specifically ask about the respective psychological burden regarding climate change. For identification of potential resilience factors, measures for attachment style (RQ), structural abilities (OPD-SF), and sense of coherence (SOC-13) were used. The results of our study suggest that medical students in Germany have an increased risk to suffer from mental health problems and predominantly experience significant perceived stress in regard to climate change. However, the reported stress does not yet translate into depressive, anxious, or traumatic symptoms. Climate-related perceived stress correlates negatively with potential resilience factors preventing the development of mental disorders such as attachment style, structural abilities, and sense of coherence.
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Gugová, Gabriela Rozvadský, and Martin Eisemann. "Psychometric Properties of the Slovak Version of sEMBU on General Adult Sample." Acta Technologica Dubnicae 6, no. 3 (December 1, 2016): 32–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/atd-2016-0018.
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Abstract The factorial stability and reliability of the 23-item s(short)- EMBU previously demonstrated to be satisfactory in the samples of students from Greece, Guatemala, Hungary, Italy (1999), East-Germany and Sweden (Arrindell et al., 2001). The Slovak translation of the original sEMBU was published in 2007 (Poliaková, Mojžišová, & Hašto, 2007). We decided to explore the psychometric properties of the translation of sEMBU on a general adult sample (N=970) in Slovakia, because the translated version of sEMBU is already utilized in research projects in Slovakia. The results show a very good alpha reliability of sEMBU. In the Slovak translation, we found similar scores of Rejection and Emotional warmth and Overprotection. A factor analysis with forced 3-factor solution sorted items to scales exactly as authors of sEMBU presupposed. Overprotection (father) has the highest share for classification and differentiation in the cluster. Emotional warmth (mother) has the highest share for classification and differentiation in the cluster. We discussed our results with the results from other studies and we suggest to continue in the research of the Slovak version of sEMBU focused on types of attachment, especially on the secure type of attachment.
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Zach, Ulrike, and Heidi Keller. "Patterns of the Attachment-Exploration Balance of 1-Year-Old Infants from the United States and Northern Germany." Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 30, no. 3 (May 1999): 381–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022022199030003006.
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Chavanat, Nicolas, Guillaume Martinent, and Alain Ferrand. "Sponsor and Sponsees Interactions: Effects on Consumers’ Perceptions of Brand Image, Brand Attachment, and Purchasing Intention." Journal of Sport Management 23, no. 5 (September 2009): 644–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsm.23.5.644.
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Notwithstanding the substantial development of sponsorship investigations, relationships between the sponsor and cosponsees and fan’s responses (i.e., cognitive, affective and conative) have not been investigated yet in a multiple sponsorship sport event context. Hence, the purpose of this study was to analyze the impact of commercial sponsorships on the intention to purchase sponsor products in relation to brand image and brand attachment. Furthermore, this researcher analyzed the relationships between a sponsor (adidas), an event (2006 FIFA Soccer World Cup Germany), a team (French National Soccer Team) and a top player (Zinédine Zidane). Structural equation modeling was used to conduct this research. The crucial results revealed that a multiple sponsorship arrangement creates interactions between the sponsor and the sponsees brands cognitive and affective stages. Secondly, the model demonstrated that multiple sponsorship activates brand behavioral dimensions (i.e., cognitive, affective and conative) according to the hierarchy of effects model (Lavidge & Steiner, 1961).
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von Glasenapp, Julius, Eva Hofmann, Julia Süpple, Paul-Georg Jost-Brinkmann, and Petra Julia Koch. "Comparison of Two 3D-Printed Indirect Bonding (IDB) Tray Design Versions and Their Influence on the Transfer Accuracy." Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 5 (February 26, 2022): 1295. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11051295.
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Objective: This study aims to investigate the transfer accuracy of two different design versions for 3D-printed indirect bonding (IDB) trays. Materials and Methods: Digital plaster models of 27 patients virtually received vestibular attachments on every tooth using OnyxCeph³™ (Image Instruments, Chemnitz, Germany). Based on these simulated bracket and tube positions, two versions of transfer trays were designed for each dental arch and patient, which differed in the mechanism of bracket retention: Variant one (V1) had arm-like structures protruding from the tray base and reaching into the horizontal and vertical bracket slots, and variant two (V2) had a pocket-shaped design enclosing the brackets from three sides. Both tray designs were 3D-printed with the same digital light processing (DLP) printer using a flexible resin-based material (IMPRIMO® LC IBT/Asiga MAX™, SCHEU-DENTAL, Iserlohn, Germany). Brackets and tubes (discovery® smart/pearl, Ortho-Cast M-Series, Dentaurum, Ispringen, Germany) were inserted into the respective retention mechanism of the trays and IDB was performed on corresponding plaster models. An intraoral scan (TRIOS® 3W, 3Shape, Copenhagen, Denmark) was performed to capture the actual attachment positions and compared to the virtually planned positions with Geomagic© Control (3D Systems Inc., Rock Hill, SC, USA) using a scripted calculation tool, which superimposed the respective tooth surfaces. The resulting attachment deviations were determined in three linear (mesiodistal, vertical and orovestibular) and three angular (torque, rotation and tip) directions and analyzed with a descriptive statistical analysis. A comparison between the two IDB tray designs was conducted using a mixed model analysis (IBM, SPSS® Statistics 27, Armonk, NY, USA). Results: Both design versions of the 3D-printed IDB trays did not differ significantly in their transfer accuracy (p > 0.05). In total, 98% (V1) and 98.5% (V2) of the linear deviations were within the clinically acceptable range of ±0.2 mm. For the angular deviations, 84.9% (V1) and 86.8% (V2) were within the range of ±1°. With V1, most deviations occurred in the mesiodistal direction (3.3%) and in rotation (18%). With V2, most deviations occurred in the vertical direction (3.8%) and in palatinal and lingual crown torque (16.3%). Conclusions: The transfer accuracies of the investigated design versions for 3D-printed IDB trays show good and comparable results albeit their different retention mechanisms for the attachments and are, therefore, both suitable for clinical practice.
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López-García, Sergio, María P. Pecci-Lloret, Miguel R. Pecci-Lloret, Ricardo E. Oñate-Sánchez, David García-Bernal, Pablo Castelo-Baz, Francisco Javier Rodríguez-Lozano, and Julia Guerrero-Gironés. "In Vitro Evaluation of the Biological Effects of ACTIVA Kids BioACTIVE Restorative, Ionolux, and Riva Light Cure on Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells." Materials 12, no. 22 (November 8, 2019): 3694. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12223694.
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This study aimed to analyze the biological effects of three new bioactive materials on cell survival, migration, morphology, and attachment in vitro. ACTIVA Kids BioACTIVE Restorative (Pulpdent, Watertown, MA, USA) (Activa), Ionolux (Voco, Cuxhaven, Germany), and Riva Light Cure UV (SDI, Bayswater, Australia) (Riva) were handled and conditioned with a serum-free culture medium. Stem cells from human dental pulp (hDPSCs) were exposed to material extracts, and metabolic activity, cell migration, and cell morphology were evaluated. Cell adhesion to the different materials was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The chemical composition of the materials was evaluated by energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX). One-way analysis of variance followed by a Tukey test was performed (p < 0.05). Ionolux promoted a drastic reduction in metabolic activity and wound closure compared to the control (p < 0.05), whereas Activa induced adequate metabolic activity and cell migration. Moreover, SEM and immunofluorescence analysis showed abundant cells exposed to Activa. The materials showed different surface morphologies, and EDX spectra exhibited different peaks of C, O, Si, S, Ca, and F ions in glass ionomer cements. The results showed that Activa induced cell migration, cell attachment, and cell viability to a greater extent than Riva and Ionolux.
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Lippert, Henry, Ingo Kowarik, and Tanja M. Straka. "People’s Attitudes and Emotions towards Different Urban Forest Types in the Berlin Region, Germany." Land 11, no. 5 (May 7, 2022): 701. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11050701.
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In an era of urbanization, forests are a key component of the urban green infrastructure, providing multiple benefits to urban residents. While emerging forests on urban wasteland could increase the urban forest area, it is unclear how residents view such novel forest types. In a comparative self-administered online survey, we assessed attitudes and emotions of residents (n = 299) from the Berlin region, Germany, towards forest types that represent transformation stages from natural to novel forests: (1) natural remnants, (2) silvicultural plantings, (3) park forests and (4) novel wild forests in wastelands. Respondents expressed positive attitudes and emotions towards all forest types, including the novel wild forest. Ratings were most positive towards natural remnants and least positive towards the novel wild forest. The indicated prevalence of non-native trees (Ailanthus altissima, Robinia pseudoacacia) did not evoke negative responses. Women and younger people were more positive towards the novel wild forest compared to other respondents, and men were most positive towards natural remnants. Place attachment was positively related to the park forest. Results indicate support for a wide range of forest types, including novel wild forests and non-native tree species, which can be used to expand urban forest areas and enhance opportunities for nature experience in cities.
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Elliott, Jayne. "Posted to Germany: Early Cold War Canadian Military Policy and Its Impact on One Family’s Experience." Canadian Journal of Health History 39, no. 1 (April 1, 2022): 153–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/cjhh.506-022021.
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In the summer of 1954, military surgeon Major Robert Elliott was posted to the British Military Hospital in Iserlohn, Germany, to provide medical care to Canadian soldiers, members of the 5,500-strong Canadian Brigade that had earlier been stationed there as part of Canada’s commitment to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Like many other military families, Elliott’s family had to remain behind until suitable accommodation for them could be found. Based on the letters that Elliott wrote home to his wife during their eight-month separation, this article provides a glimpse of how both old and new Canadian military policies during the early Cold War period had an impact on his work and his family. The Canadian government’s decision to place the Brigade under British control reflected, in part, the long-standing attachment to Britain, but Elliott was often frustrated with how imperial/colonial relations played out in the hospital setting. And the military’s initial reluctance to officially allow dependents to join their loved ones overseas, a new phenomenon in Canadian military life, undoubtedly contributed to his confusion and anxiety over when family quarters would finally be finished.
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Lee, Dukjae, and Ju-Hyoung Lee. "A structural relationship between place attachment and intention to conserve landscapes – a case study of Harz National Park in Germany." Journal of Mountain Science 14, no. 5 (May 2017): 998–1007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11629-017-4366-3.
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Thomann, Günther. "John Ernest Grabe (1666–1711): Lutheran Syncretist and Anglican Patristic Scholar." Journal of Ecclesiastical History 43, no. 3 (July 1992): 414–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022046900001366.
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The subject of this article claims attention for two special reasons. Firstly, and without any doubt, Grabe was one of the greatest atristic scholars of his age and lent lustre to the scholarly tradition at Oxford where his later years were spent. Secondly, his phenomenal patristic scholarship was inspired by a religious motive, which derived from his attachment to Lutheran Syncretism, a movement begun by the Helmstedt theologian Georg Calixtus (1586-1656). The problem of Grabe's neglect by historians is compounded by the confusion created by a contemporary account of the vital episode which brought him from Germany to Oxford and from Lutheranism to the Church of England. This article will therefore, draw together the scattered information which exists on Grabe's career and thereby remedy the neglect of historians, and dispel some of the confusion surrounding him.
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Harsch, Katharina, and Marion Festing. "Managing non-family talent: Evidence from German-speaking regions." German Journal of Human Resource Management: Zeitschrift für Personalforschung 33, no. 3 (April 15, 2019): 249–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2397002219842063.
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Family businesses dominate the corporate world but there is much we don’t know about them. Managing non-family talent is one under-researched area which we explore here, using a context-specific analysis on multiple levels, including qualitative data from interviews with family business owners and non-family talents in strategic family business positions in Germany, Austria and German-speaking Switzerland. Based on stewardship theory and our empirical results, we suggest a framework that explains the particular facets of talent management in this context, characterised by the emotional attachment of the family and involvement in the business. Our findings show that primarily the values and attitudes of families shape the specific family business talent management approach, which is embedded in the particularities of the family business culture at the meso level and in region-specific macro-level factors.
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Stec, Magdalena, Joanna Szczepańska, Jacek Pypeć, and Ursula Hirschfelder. "Periodontal Status and Oral Hygiene in Two Populations of Cleft Patients." Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal 44, no. 1 (January 2007): 73–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1597/05-137.
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Objective: To evaluate and compare the oral hygiene and periodontal status in children with unilateral and bilateral cleft lip and palate treated in Łódź, Poland, and Erlangen, Germany. Design: Oral health was assessed by the presence of dental plaque, pocket depth, clinical attachment levels, and pathologic teeth mobility. Subjects and Methods: Thirty-seven Polish and 63 German patients participated in this study. Results: Poor oral hygiene was found in 57% of all subjects. In Erlangen, 60% of patients had optimal oral hygiene, compared to 19% in Łódź. The highest scores for dental plaque were noted in both groups in the cleft region. Healthy periodontium was significantly more frequent among German patients, whereas gingival bleeding was significantly more frequent among Polish patients. Pocket depths greater than 6 mm occurred only in German subjects. No statistically significant difference was observed between the amount of tooth areas with gingival recessions and the country of origin. Periodontal pockets deeper than 3.5 mm occurred more frequently during active orthodontic treatment. Conclusions: The oral hygiene regimens in Germany and Poland were not comparable, as more plaque was found in the Polish than in the German population. Plaque accumulation seems not to be a key factor in causing periodontal destruction in the cleft area. Factors other than oral hygiene should be considered of major importance in relation to the development of gingival recession on teeth in cleft areas.
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Kelle, Nadiya. "Combining employment and care-giving: how differing care intensities influence employment patterns among middle-aged women in Germany." Ageing and Society 40, no. 5 (November 3, 2018): 925–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x18001423.
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AbstractGiven an ageing population and increased participation by women in the labour force, the relationship between unpaid care and the availability of women to the labour force is gaining in importance as an issue. This article assesses the impact of unpaid care on transitions into employment by women aged between 45 and 59 years. It uses the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) from the years 2001–2014 to estimate Cox regression models for 6,201 employed women. The results indicate that women with higher caring responsibilities and women with lower caring responsibilities are heterogeneous in terms of the socio-economic characteristics that they exhibit: higher-intensity care providers tend to have a lower level of educational attainment and a weaker attachment to the labour force than women with less-intensive caring responsibilities. Furthermore, while women with more-intensive caring roles are highly likely to exit the labour market altogether, female carers with less-intensive roles seem to be able to combine work and care better. These results highlight the importance of providing more affordable institutional and professional care services, especially for low- and medium-income families.
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Erhardt, Julia, and Annemarie Olsen. "Meat Reduction in 5 to 8 Years Old Children—A Survey to Investigate the Role of Parental Meat Attachment." Foods 10, no. 8 (July 29, 2021): 1756. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10081756.
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It is by now well established that a plant-based and meatless or reduced-meat diet is an important contribution to a sustainability and healthy diet. This work discusses important determinants for parents of implementing a meat reduced diet for their children. A questionnaire was conducted with 90 parents of children aged 5–8 years living in Germany, where they had to choose one out of three options of a dish, namely meaty, reduced meat and no meat, for their child. The results show that the parent’s attachment to meat and the associated attitudes and habits play a crucial role in their meal choice and therefore eating behaviour, including consumed amounts of meat, of their child. Moreover, perceived tastiness, healthiness and balanced serving style, as well as the child’s preferences influences the parent’s decision. The findings of this work provide valuable insights to the food industry and food producers, health professionals and public health, as it highlights the background, as well as some drivers and barriers for parents choosing a dish with less meat for their children.
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Jarvers, Irina, Angelika Ecker, Daniel Schleicher, Romuald Brunner, and Stephanie Kandsperger. "Impact of preschool attendance, parental stress, and parental mental health on internalizing and externalizing problems during COVID-19 lockdown measures in preschool children." PLOS ONE 18, no. 2 (February 13, 2023): e0281627. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0281627.
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Background Internalizing problems are common in young children, often persist into adulthood, and increase the likelihood for subsequent psychiatric disorders. Problematic attachment, parental mental health problems, and stress are risk factors for the development of internalizing problems. COVID-19 lockdown measures have resulted in additional parental burden and especially their impact on preschool children has rarely been investigated as of now. The current study examined the impact of sustained preschool attendance, parental stress, and parental mental health on internalizing and externalizing problems during COVID-19 lockdown measures in a sample of preschool children in Germany. Methods and findings N = 128 parents of preschool children filled out a one-time online survey about children’s internalizing problems, externalizing problems, and attachment for three time points: before a nation-wide lockdown (T1), during the most difficult time of the lockdown (T2) and after the lockdown (T3). Additionally, parents answered questions about their own depressive and anxious symptomatology for the three time points and parental stress for T1 and T2. Linear-mixed effect models were computed to predict children’s internalizing / externalizing behavior. Preschool children showed a significant increase in internalizing and externalizing problems over time, highest at T2 with small decreases at T3. Parental depressive and anxious symptomatology increased significantly from T1 to T2, but also remained high at T3. Parental stress levels were comparable to community samples at T1, but attained average values reported for at-risk families at T2. Linear-mixed effect models identified higher parental stress, parental anxiety, attachment problems, parental education, and less preschool attendance as significant predictors for internalizing and externalizing problems in preschoolers with more specific associations shown in separate models. A limitation is the retrospective assessment for the times T1 and T2. Conclusions Preschool children’s mental health is strongly and negatively influenced by the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and its lockdown measures. Sustained preschool attendance may serve as a protective factor.
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Truedinger, Alessa Jasmin, Ali Jamshed, Holger Sauter, and Joern Birkmann. "Adaptation after Extreme Flooding Events: Moving or Staying? The Case of the Ahr Valley in Germany." Sustainability 15, no. 2 (January 11, 2023): 1407. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15021407.
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More than 130 lives were lost in the 2021 heavy precipitation and flood event in the Ahr Valley, Germany, where large parts of the valley were destroyed. Afterwards, public funding of about 15 billion Euros has been made available for reconstruction. However, with people and settlements being in highly exposed zones, the core question that is not sufficiently addressed is whether affected people want to rebuild in the same place, or rather opt to move out. The paper explores this question and assesses motivations and reasons for moving or staying in the Ahr Valley. For this purpose, a household survey was conducted focusing on 516 flood-affected households. The collected data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The results revealed that the ownership of the house or flat significantly influenced the decision of whether to stay or to leave. In addition, an attachment to the place and the belief that such extreme events occur very rarely influenced the decision to stay and rebuild. Age, gender and household income barely influenced the decision to stay or to move to a new place. Interestingly, results demonstrated that many respondents view settlement retreat and the relocation of critical infrastructures as important options to reduce risk, however, many still rebuild in the same place. These insights enable local policy and practice to better address the needs of the population in terms of whether to stay or move after such an extreme disaster.
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Viry, Gil, Heiko Rüger, and Thomas Skora. "Migration and Long-Distance Commuting Histories and Their Links to Career Achievement in Germany: A Sequence Analysis." Sociological Research Online 19, no. 1 (February 2014): 78–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5153/sro.3263.
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Moving and travelling extensively for job reasons is often seen as a way to achieve a successful career. Yet, evidence based on longitudinal data is limited. In this paper, we use a sequence analysis to study typical histories of intensive forms of work-related spatial mobility, i.e. migration, daily and weekly long-distance commuting and overnight business travel (called below ‘high mobility’), and their links to career achievement. Using retrospective survey data from Germany, we show that a variety of high mobility histories coexist. While migrations occur mainly in the first years of the professional life, the chances of experiencing long-distance daily or weekly commuting and frequent overnight business trips remain stable over the career. Some evidence was found that long-lasting high mobility is associated with better incomes. Nevertheless, having repeated experiences of high mobility has no positive impact, per se, on managerial responsibilities or socio-economic status. These findings suggest that high mobility has become a ‘usual’ feature in many job careers and is often a way of combining a distant job with a local attachment to a place, home or community, rather than a way of achieving upward career mobility. This study points out that, besides migration, long-distance commuting and frequent travel for job reasons should receive more attention in longitudinal research on spatial mobility.
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López-García, Sergio, Miguel R. Pecci-Lloret, Julia Guerrero-Gironés, María P. Pecci-Lloret, Adrián Lozano, Carmen Llena, Francisco Javier Rodríguez-Lozano, and Leopoldo Forner. "Comparative Cytocompatibility and Mineralization Potential of Bio-C Sealer and TotalFill BC Sealer." Materials 12, no. 19 (September 22, 2019): 3087. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12193087.
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The aim of this study was to investigate the cytocompatibility and mineralization potential of two premixed hydraulic endodontic sealers compared with an epoxy resin-based root canal sealer. The cellular responses and mineralization capacity were studied in human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) that were exposed to premixed hydraulic sealers, Bio-C Sealer (Angelus, Londrína, PR, Brazil), TotalFill BC Sealer (FKG Dentaire SA, La-Chaux-de-fonds, Switzerland) and an epoxy resin-based material, AH Plus (Dentsply De Trey, Konstanz, Germany). Non-exposed cultures served as the control. The endodontic sealers were assessed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis (EDX). Statistical analyses were done using Analisis of Variance (ANOVA), with Bonferroni adjusted pairwise comparison (p = 0.05). AH Plus reduced cell viability and cell migration, whereas increased cell viability and cell migration were observed in the Bio-C Sealer and the TotalFill BC Sealer (p < 0.05). The lowest cell attachment and spreading were observed for all concentrations of AH Plus, whereas the highest were observed for TotalFill BC Sealer. At the end of 21 days, only the Bio-C Sealer and the TotalFill BC Sealer supported matrix mineralization (p < 0.05). Additionally, SEM-EDX revealed high content of calcium, oxygen, and silicon in the Bio-C Sealer and the TotalFill BC Sealer. Based on the results from this study, Bio-C Sealer and TotalFill BC Sealer demonstrated better cytocompatibility in terms of cell viability, migration, cell morphology, cell attachment, and mineralization capacity than AH Plus.
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Taubner, Svenja, and Christian Curth. "Mentalization mediates the relation between early traumatic experiences and aggressive behavior in adolescence." Psihologija 46, no. 2 (2013): 177–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/psi1302177t.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of the study was to examine whether mentalization serves as a protective factor against aggressive behavior in adolescence in the context of early traumatization. We present data from a non-clinical sample of adolescents from Germany (n=97) and calculate a mediation model to test the link between early traumatic experiences and aggressive behavior with mentalizing skills as a mediator. Mentalization was assessed with the Reflective Functioning Scale on the Adult-Attachment-Interview and aggressive behavior was measured with the Reactive-Proactive-Aggression-Questionnaire. Traumatic experience was operationalized as physical and/or sexual abuse as reported in the Childhood Experience of Care and Abuse Questionnaire. Results show a complete mediation for Reflective Functioning on the relationship between early abuse and aggressive behavior. Thus, the findings of the study support an understanding of mentalizing as a protective factor for the relationship between early abusive experience and the development of aggressive behavior. Clinical implications are discussed.