Relevant bibliographies by topics / ATRP

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'ATRP'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 9 June 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "ATRP"

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Kuila, Atanu, Nabasmita Maity, Dhruba P. Chatterjee, and Arun K. Nandi. "Temperature triggered antifouling properties of poly(vinylidene fluoride) graft copolymers with tunable hydrophilicity." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 3, no. 25 (2015): 13546–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ta01306b.

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Tang, Wei, and Krzysztof Matyjaszewski. "Kinetic Modeling of Normal ATRP, Normal ATRP with [CuII]0, Reverse ATRP and SR&NI ATRP." Macromolecular Theory and Simulations 17, no. 7-8 (October 27, 2008): 359–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mats.200800050.

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Song, Wenguang, Jian Huang, Cheng Hang, Chenyan Liu, Xuepu Wang, and Guowei Wang. "Synthesis of thermally cleavable multisegmented polystyrene by an atom transfer nitroxide radical polymerization (ATNRP) mechanism." Polymer Chemistry 6, no. 46 (2015): 8060–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5py01493j.

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Based on the common features of well-defined NRC reaction, ATRP and NMRP mechanisms, an atom transfer nitroxide radical polymerization (ATNRP) mechanism was presented, and further used to construct multisegmented PS<sub>m</sub> embedded with multiple alkoxyamine linkages.
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Sathesh, Venkatesan, Jem-Kun Chen, Chi-Jung Chang, Junko Aimi, Zong-Cheng Chen, Yu-Chih Hsu, Yi-Shen Huang та Chih-Feng Huang. "Synthesis of Poly(ε-caprolactone)-Based Miktoarm Star Copolymers through ROP, SA ATRC, and ATRP". Polymers 10, № 8 (2 серпня 2018): 858. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym10080858.

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The synthesis of novel branched/star copolymers which possess unique physical properties is highly desirable. Herein, a novel strategy was demonstrated to synthesize poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) based miktoarm star (μ-star) copolymers by combining ring-opening polymerization (ROP), styrenics-assisted atom transfer radical coupling (SA ATRC), and atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). From the analyses of gel permeation chromatography (GPC), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), well-defined PCL-μ-PSt (PSt: polystyrene), and PCL-μ-PtBA (PtBA: poly(tert-butyl acrylate) μ-star copolymers were successfully obtained. By using atomic force microscopy (AFM), interestingly, our preliminary examinations of the μ-star copolymers showed a spherical structure with diameters of ca. 250 and 45 nm, respectively. We successfully employed combinations of synthetic techniques including ROP, SA ATRC, and ATRP with high effectiveness to synthesize PCL-based μ-star copolymers.
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Yuan, Ming, Xuetao Cui, Wenxian Zhu, and Huadong Tang. "Development of Environmentally Friendly Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization." Polymers 12, no. 9 (August 31, 2020): 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12091987.

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Atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) is one of the most successful techniques for the preparation of well-defined polymers with controllable molecular weights, narrow molecular weight distributions, specific macromolecular architectures, and precisely designed functionalities. ATRP usually involves transition-metal complex as catalyst. As the most commonly used copper complex catalyst is usually biologically toxic and environmentally unsafe, considerable interest has been focused on iron complex, enzyme, and metal-free catalysts owing to their low toxicity, inexpensive cost, commercial availability and environmental friendliness. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of iron catalyst used in normal, reverse, AGET, ICAR, GAMA, and SARA ATRP, enzyme as well as metal-free catalyst mediated ATRP in the point of view of catalytic activity, initiation efficiency, and polymerization controllability. The principle of ATRP and the development of iron ligand are briefly discussed. The recent development of enzyme-mediated ATRP, the latest research progress on metal-free ATRP, and the application of metal-free ATRP in interdisciplinary areas are highlighted in sections. The prospects and challenges of these three ATRP techniques are also described in the review.
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Hu, Xin, Ning Zhu, and Kai Guo. "Advances in Organocatalyzed Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization." Advances in Polymer Technology 2019 (December 12, 2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/7971683.

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Atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) is one of the most robust tools to prepare well-defined polymers with precise topologies and architectures. Although series of improved ATRP methods have been developed to decrease the metal catalyst loading to parts per million, metal residue is the key limiting factor for variety of applications, especially in microelectronic and biomedical area. The feasible solution to this challenge would be the establishment of metal-free ATRP. Since 2014, organocatalyzed ATRP (O-ATRP) or metal free ATRP has achieved significant progress by developing kinds of organic photoredox catalysts. This review highlights the advances in organocatalyzed atom transfer radical polymerization as well as the potential future directions.
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Dadashi-Silab, Sajjad, and Krzysztof Matyjaszewski. "Iron Catalysts in Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization." Molecules 25, no. 7 (April 3, 2020): 1648. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25071648.

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Catalysts are essential for mediating a controlled polymerization in atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). Copper-based catalysts are widely explored in ATRP and are highly efficient, leading to well-controlled polymerization of a variety of functional monomers. In addition to copper, iron-based complexes offer new opportunities in ATRP catalysis to develop environmentally friendly, less toxic, inexpensive, and abundant catalytic systems. Despite the high efficiency of iron catalysts in controlling polymerization of various monomers including methacrylates and styrene, ATRP of acrylate-based monomers by iron catalysts still remains a challenge. In this paper, we review the fundamentals and recent advances of iron-catalyzed ATRP focusing on development of ligands, catalyst design, and techniques used for iron catalysis in ATRP.
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Cui, Changqing, Shaofeng Feng, and Liqun Zhu. "Advances in atom transfer radical polymerization of modified grain." Journal of Polymer Science and Engineering 5, no. 1 (October 12, 2022): 324. http://dx.doi.org/10.24294/jpse.v5i1.324.

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Atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) is a kind of controllable reactive radical polymerization method with potential application value. The modification of graphene oxide (GO) by ATRP reaction can effectively control various graft polymer molecules Chain length and graft density, giving GO different functionality, such as good solvent dispersibility, environmental sensitive stimulus responsiveness, biocompatibility, and the like. In this paper, ATRP reaction and GO surface non-covalent bonding ATRP polymer molecular chain were directly initiated from GO surface immobilization initiator. The ATRP reaction modified GO was reviewed, and the process conditions and research methods of ATRP modification reaction were summarized, as well as pointed out the functional characteristics and application prospect of GO functionalized composites.
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Min, Ke, and Krzysztof Matyjaszewski. "Atom transfer radical polymerization in aqueous dispersed media." Open Chemistry 7, no. 4 (December 1, 2009): 657–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11532-009-0092-1.

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AbstractDuring the last decade, atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) received significant attention due to its exceptional capability of synthesizing polymers with pre-determined molecular weight, well-defined molecular architectures and various functionalities. It is economically and environmentally attractive to adopt ATRP to aqueous dispersed media, although the process is challenging. This review summarizes recent developments of conducting ATRP in aqueous dispersed media. The issues related to retaining “controlled/living” character as well as colloidal stability during the polymerization have to be considered. Better understanding the ATRP mechanism and development of new initiation techniques, such as activators generated by electron transfer (AGET) significantly facilitated ATRP in aqueous systems. This review covers the most important progress of ATRP in dispersed media from 1998 to 2009, including miniemulsion, microemulsion, emulsion, suspension and dispersed polymerization.
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Fantin, Marco, Francesca Lorandi, Armando Gennaro, Abdirisak Isse, and Krzysztof Matyjaszewski. "Electron Transfer Reactions in Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization." Synthesis 49, no. 15 (July 4, 2017): 3311–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0036-1588873.

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Electrochemistry may seem an outsider to the field of polymer science and controlled radical polymerization. Nevertheless, several electrochemical methods have been used to determine the mechanism of atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), using both a thermodynamic and a kinetic approach. Indeed, electron transfer reactions involving the metal catalyst, initiator/dormant species, and propagating radicals play a crucial role in ATRP. In this mini-review, electrochemical properties of ATRP catalysts and initiators are discussed, together with the mechanism of the atom and electron transfer in ATRP.1 Introduction2 Thermodynamic and Electrochemical Properties of ATRP Catalysts3 Thermodynamic and Electrochemical Properties of Alkyl Halides and Alkyl Radicals4 Atom Transfer from an Electrochemical and Thermodynamic Standpoint5 Mechanism of Electron Transfer in ATRP6 Electroanalytical Techniques for the Kinetics of ATRP Activation7 Electrochemically Mediated ATRP8 Conclusions
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "ATRP"

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Zhang, Tao, Tao Chen, Ihsan Amin, and Rainer Jordan. "ATRP with a light switch: photoinduced ATRP using a household fluorescent lamp." Royal Society of Chemistry, 2014. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A36423.

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Photoinduced atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) was achieved using a simple household fluorescent lamp as the light source. In solution, methyl methacrylate could be polymerized to welldefined polymers; the photoinduced ATRP system did only convert monomers during irradiation and was inactive in the dark. In situ monitoring by UV-vis spectroscopy revealed the photoredox cycle between Cuᶦᶦ and Cuᶦ species. The linear development of the polymer number average molar mass with monomer conversion, the low dispersity as well as chain extension experiments showed the controlled nature of the polymerization. Photoinduced ATRP was also used to prepare homo- and block copolymer brushes and patterned brushes on surfaces by photoinduced surface-initiated ATRP (PSI-ATRP).
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Bannister, Iveta. "Branching copolymerisations by ATRP." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.499571.

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Sherrington and co-workers have shown that branched vinyl polymers can be synthesized by the addition of a chain transfer agent to a conventional free radical statistical copolymerisation of a vinyl and a divinyl monomer. In the presence of the chain transfer agent, the molecular weight of the primary chains is reduced, gelation can be suppressed and soluble, branched polymers are obtained as the sole product. Living polymerisation techniques offer a way to control the primary chain length without the need for a transfer agent simply by adjusting the monomer/initiator molar ratio. It is suggested that a significant degree of intramolecular cyclisation is the most likely explanation for the remarkable delay in the onset of gelation.
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Osborne, Victoria Lee. "Polyelectrolyte brushes via ATRP." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.614887.

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Janke, Reinhard. "ATRP-Pfropfungen von oxidischen Partikeloberflächen." [S.l. : s.n.], 2004. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=972264132.

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Simpson, Neil John. "Homogenous, aqueous ATRP from functionalised polysaccharides." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.501810.

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Unilever would like to explore the use of functional polysaccharides in then detergency formulations. The aim of this work was to grow various polymer chains of pre-determined lengths via Atom Transfer Radical Polymerisation (ATRP), from a water-soluble polysaccharide and to understand and improve the process. This work has given Unilever the option to fine tune polysaccharide-graft-copolymers for industrial use, whilst also satisfying a full investigation of these novel initiators, using new techniques developed within this work. In this respect, 'controlled or living' growth of chains from a post-modified, water soluble polysaccharide is reported for the first time using the following water soluble monomers: 4-styrene sulfonic acid sodium salt, 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl niethacrylate, poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate and sodium methacrylate. Examples of psuedo first order control plots were seen, with linear increase in molecular weight (PDi values from 2 to 1.2) and with high monomer conversions. The addition of a non-ii ATRP appeared to increase monomer conversion.
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Malet, Federic Louis Gino. "Aqueous ATRP of amine-based methacrylates." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.367786.

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BUFFAGNI, MIRKO. "Reazioni Radicaliche a Trasferimento di Atomo: Polimerizzazione dello Stirene e Sintesi di γ-Lattoni". Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11380/1244435.

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La polimerizzazione radicalica a trasferimento di atomo (ATRP) è una tecnica versatile per la sintesi controllata di strutture macromolecolari. In questo lavoro, un sistema ad attivatore rigenerato mediante trasferimento elettronico (ARGET) ATRP viene presentato come un nuovo sistema green per la sintesi del polistirene (PS). Tale processo ARGET ATRP è catalizzato da rame e il sistema riducente è composto da acido ascorbico e carbonato di sodio. La miscela di solventi è composta da acetato di etile ed etanolo. Sorprendentemente, in specifiche condizioni ARGET ATRP, il PS è gelificato. La gelificazione è sorprendente poiché non sono stati aggiunti agenti ramificanti o reticolanti alla miscela di reazione e la loro formazione in situ è ​​stata esclusa. I risultati sperimentali portano all'ipotesi che si formi una rete olimpica con macrocicli compenetranti. Un brevetto è stato anche depositato con la sorprendente scoperta. In questa tesi viene studiato il meccanismo della gelificazione anomala, le evidenze a supporto dell'ipotesi della rete olimpica e la morfologia dei gel polistirenici ottenuti. Inoltre, è stata studiata anche l'addizione radicalica a trasferimento di atomo (ATRA) per sintetizzare acidi γ-alocarbossilici, partedo da da acidi α-alocarbossilici e alcheni. Gli acidi γ-alocarbossilici possono ciclizzare rapidamente per formare γ-lattoni, a seguito di una reazione di sostituzione della funzione alogenata da parte dell'acido carbossilico. Viene quindi proposta un nuovo acronimo per l'accoppiamento dell'ATRA con la successiva lattonizzazione (ATRA-L). Poiché la frazione alogenata viene persa rapidamente, l'ATRA-L consente l'uso di alcheni generalmente proibiti in ATRA. Infatti, a seguito di una reazione ATRA, l'alogeno del prodotto deve essere inattivo nei confronti di una seconda ATRA, altrimenti si otterrebbe un oligomero. In ATRA-L, l'alogeno viene perso e non ci sono restrizioni sulla scelta dell'alchene. È stato condotto uno studio approfondito della letteratura per trovare le reazioni correlate all'ATRA-L e per collegarle da un punto di vista comune. Viene quindi studiato un sistema ATRA-L catalizzato da rame in acqua, concentrandosi sull'effetto del pH sulla reazione, su come le variabili influenzano il sistema e sul meccanismo di reazione.<br>Atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) is a powerful technique for the synthesis of controlled macromolecular structures. In this work, an activator regenerated by electron transfer (ARGET) ATRP system is presented as a new green system for the synthesis of polystyrene (PS). This ARGET ATRP system is copper-catalyzed and the reducing system is composed of ascorbic acid and sodium carbonate. The solvent mixture is made up of ethyl acetate and ethanol. Surprisingly, in specific ARGET ATRP conditions, the PS gelled. The gelation is surprising since no branching nor crosslinking agents were added to the reaction mixture and their formation in situ was excluded. The experimental results lead to the hypothesis that an olympic network with interpenetrating macrocycles is formed. Furthermore, a patent was filed with the surprising discovery. In this thesis, it is studied the mechanism of the anomalous gelation, the supporting evidence to the olympic network hypothesis, and the morphology of the obtained PS gels. Besides, atom transfer radical addition (ATRA) was also studied to synthesize γ-halocarboxylic acids, starting from α-halocarboxylic acids and alkenes. The γ-halocarboxylic acids can rapidly cyclize to form γ-lactones, following a substitution reaction of the halogenated moiety by the carboxylic acid. A new acronym is then proposed for the combination of ATRA with the subsequent lactonization (ATRA-L). Since the halogenated moiety is rapidly lost, the ATRA-L allows the use of alkenes that are generally prohibited in ATRA. In fact, following an ATRA reaction, the halogen of the product is required to be inactive toward a second ATRA, otherwise an oligomer is obtained. In ATRA-L, the halogen is lost and there are no restrictions on the choice of the alkene. An in-depth study of the literature was done to find the reactions related to ATRA-L and to connect them from a common point of view. A copper-catalyzed ATRA-L system in water is then studied, focusing on the effect of the pH on the reaction, on how the variables affect the system, and on the reaction mechanism.
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Norman, James Alistair. "Controlled polymerisation of (meth)acrylates by ATRP." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.621056.

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Simakova, Antonina Alekseyevna. "Development of Aqueous ATRP for Biomedical Applications." Research Showcase @ CMU, 2015. http://repository.cmu.edu/dissertations/1047.

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Preparation of functional bio-responsive polymer-based materials is the subject of increasing research efforts. Such type of materials could find broad applications in biology and medicine due to their promising performance in the areas of drug and biomolecule delivery, tissue engineering and diagnostic systems. The preparation of such materials has significantly advanced over last 20 years due to the development of reversible deactivation radical polymerization (RDRP) methods. Atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), the most often used RDRP procedure, is a versatile and powerful technique for preparation of various functional polymers. Even though ATRP showed great potential for design and synthesis of materials for biomedical applications, there are still many improvements and innovations that should be made in order to effectively utilize this method for production of useful biomaterials. This dissertation seeks to obtain the information required for improving the understanding of several aspects of ATRP, primarily focusing on controlling the polymerization in aqueous media, and how this contributes to the preparation of materials relevant to the biomedical field. Accordingly, this dissertation is divided into VIII chapters, where Chapter I is an introduction to the ATRP in aqueous media and reviews state of the art of aqueous ATRP and materials prepared by this method. Protein-polymer hybrids (PPH) are commercially available therapeutics for treatment of various diseases. Over the last decade the traditional procedure employed for preparation of PPHs had been “grafting-to”, i.e. attaching a preformed polymer to a biomolecule. This technique was challenged by a new approach “grafting-from”, where a well-defined polymer can be grown directly from a specific site on a biomolecule. This method significantly improves purification procedures and yield, which can potentially bring the cost down. Grafting-from requires performing the polymerization under aqueous conditions, optimally under biocompatible conditions. However, conducting ATRP in homogeneous aqueous media is inherently difficult due to multiple side reactions and high reaction rates.
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Rettig, Hartmut Arnim. "Methoden zur Synthese von definierten bioorganisch-synthetischen Blockcopolymeren." Phd thesis, [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2006. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=982242581.

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Books on the topic "ATRP"

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Matyjaszewski, Krzysztof, ed. Controlled/Living Radical Polymerization: Progress in ATRP. Washington DC: American Chemical Society, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2009-1023.

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K, Matyjaszewski, ed. Controlled/living radical polymerization: Progress in ATRP. Washington DC: American Chemical Society, 2009.

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Lilge, Inga. Polymer Brush Films with Varied Grafting and Cross-Linking Density via SI-ATRP. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-19595-3.

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Basuki, Fira. Atap. Jakarta: Gramedia Widiasarana Indonesia, 2002.

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Zamon, Nasimi. Atri sheʺr. Dushanbe: [s.n.], 2013.

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Ḣabib, Neʺmati. Atri sado. Dushanbe: Adib, 2019.

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Bezari, Anita. Atap langit. Jakarta: Puslitbang Pendidikan Agama dan Keagamaan, Badan Litbang dan Diklat, Departemen Agama RI, 2006.

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Atre, Prahlad Keshav. Adhyāpaka Atre. Mumbaī: Paracure Prakāśana, 1985.

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Atre, Prahlad Keshav. Adhyāpaka Atre. Mumbaī: Paracure Prakāśana, 1985.

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Atre, Prahlad Keshav. Manātale Atre. Mumbaī: Dilīpa Prakāśana, 1997.

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Book chapters on the topic "ATRP"

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Gooch, Jan W. "ATRP." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 54. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_892.

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Pollard, Jonas, and Nico Bruns. "Biocatalytic ATRP." In ACS Symposium Series, 379–93. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2018-1284.ch019.

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Gao, Haifeng, Nicky Chan, Jung Kwon Oh, and Krzysztof Matyjaszewski. "Designing Hydrogels by ATRP." In In-Situ Gelling Polymers, 69–105. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-287-152-7_4.

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O’Donnell, Patrick M., and Kenneth B. Wagener. "Graft Copolymers Attained by ATRP and ADMET." In Novel Metathesis Chemistry: Well-Defined Initiator Systems for Specialty Chemical Synthesis, Tailored Polymers and Advanced Material Applications, 191–202. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0066-6_15.

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Mueller, Laura, Patricia Golas, and Krzysztof Matyjaszewski. "From Mechanism and Kinetics to Precise ATRP Synthesis." In NATO Science for Peace and Security Series A: Chemistry and Biology, 3–16. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-3278-2_1.

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Cummins, David M., Pieter C. M. M. Magusin, and Andreas Heise. "Functionalisation of polyHIPE Materials by ATRP Surface Grafting." In ACS Symposium Series, 327–41. Washington DC: American Chemical Society, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2009-1023.ch022.

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Borguet, Yannick, Lionel Delaude, and Albert Demonceau. "Homobimetallic Ethylene− and Vinylidene−Ruthenium Complexes for ATRP." In ACS Symposium Series, 115–32. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2012-1100.ch008.

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Kadir, Mohammad Abdul, Hong Y. Cho, Bong-Soo Kim, Young-Rok Kim, Sun-Gu Lee, Unyong Jeong, and Hyun-jong Paik. "(Nitrilotriacetic Acid)-End-Functionalized Polystyrenes Synthesized by ATRP." In ACS Symposium Series, 303–14. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2012-1101.ch020.

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Renggli, Kasper, Mariana Spulber, Jonas Pollard, Martin Rother, and Nico Bruns. "Biocatalytic ATRP: Controlled Radical Polymerizations Mediated by Enzymes." In Green Polymer Chemistry: Biocatalysis and Materials II, 163–71. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2013-1144.ch012.

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Millard, Pierre-Eric, Nathalie C. Mougin, Alexander Böker, and Axel H. E. Müller. "Controlling the Fast ATRP of N-Isopropylacrylamide in Water." In ACS Symposium Series, 127–37. Washington DC: American Chemical Society, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2009-1023.ch009.

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Conference papers on the topic "ATRP"

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Chalut, J., G. Small, and J. Payton. "Control and Monitoring the Effectiveness of Different Biocides with the use of Free ATP." In CORROSION 1996, 1–11. NACE International, 1996. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1996-96276.

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Abstract The Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) technology can be used as a measurement of the total living biomass. However, care must be exercised in its application and its interpretation. The use of this technique on samples from cooling water systems clearly indicate that there are three distinct pools of ATP, classified as bacterial ATP, free ATP and total ATP, the latter being the sum of the free ATP and bacterial ATP. The mode of action of certain biocidal agents is by disruption of cell membranes, a process which does not decrease the pool of total ATP, but does move ATP from the bacterial ATP pool to the free ATP pool. As a consequence, it is important that for a realistic interpretation to be made, it is necessary to know which biocidal agents are being used and to fully understand their mode of action.
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Prasad, Rupi. "Pros and Cons of ATP Measurement in Oil Field Waters." In CORROSION 1988, 1–12. NACE International, 1988. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1988-88087.

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Abstract Measurement of bioluminescence produced by the luciferin luciferase system is a reliable method for the determination of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In this paper the use of Luciferase ATP assay in oil field waters is evaluated and compared with the most widely used API serial dilution method. We found that the ATP method was reproducible and in close agreement with the API method when performed in laboratory conditions. ATP assay in field conditions is adversely affected by many factors. Salt concentration of water is one of the main factors that significantly reduces photometric readings. Other factors that affect the photometric readings are: temperature, U.V. light, purity of reagents, inorganic ions and concentration of microorganisms. Comparison of data using ATP Standard Curve vs Internal Standard indicated that the use of internal standard gives comparatively better results in field conditions. Furthermore, filtered field water samples gave higher photometric readings than nonfiltered samples. It is our conclusion that because of the sensitivity of Luciferase ATP assays to various factors as stated above, use of this method in field conditions should be carried out with extreme care. One has to be aware of the characteristics of this bioluminescence system and know its limitations.
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Valenti, G., S. La Carta, G. Mazzotti, M. Rapisarda, S. Perna, R. Di Gesù, L. Giorgini, D. Carbone, G. Recca, and P. Rizzarelli. "Controlled release of cortisone drugs from block copolymers synthetized by ATRP." In VIII INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON “TIMES OF POLYMERS AND COMPOSITES”: From Aerospace to Nanotechnology. Author(s), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4949681.

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Awad, Mohammed, Thomas Duever, and Ramdhane Dhib. "Effect of Ligands in MMA AGET ATRP in 2L Stirred Tank Emulsion Reactor." In The 5th World Congress on Mechanical, Chemical, and Material Engineering. Avestia Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.11159/iccpe19.127.

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Supeno, Rusli Daik, and Said M. El-Sheikh. "Cationic quaternization of cellulose with methacryloyloxy ethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride via ATRP method." In THE 2014 UKM FST POSTGRADUATE COLLOQUIUM: Proceedings of the Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Faculty of Science and Technology 2014 Postgraduate Colloquium. AIP Publishing LLC, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4895192.

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Li, Jianfei, Xiumei Zhang, and Jian Wang. "Study on the surface modification of bamboo pulp fibers through AGET-ATRP grafting." In 5th International Conference on Information Engineering for Mechanics and Materials. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icimm-15.2015.128.

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Osicka, Josef, Martin Cvek, Miroslav Mrlik, Marketa Ilcikova, Vladimir Pavlinek, and Jaroslav Mosnacek. "Light-induced and sensing capabilities of SI-ATRP modified graphene oxide particles in elastomeric matrix." In SPIE Smart Structures and Materials + Nondestructive Evaluation and Health Monitoring, edited by Gyuhae Park. SPIE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2260703.

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Cha, J. M., D. G. Won, E. H. Jeong, T. Arakawa, S. Shoji, K. C. Kim, J. S. Boo, and J. S. Go. "Application of In-Channel Micro Chemical Plant to the Production of Functional Microcapsules." In ASME 2007 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2007-41795.

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Polymeric microcapsules can be fabricated by using kernel process called “micro chemical plant system”. The size of microcapsules is more uniform than those made in the conventional pathways. Spherical microcapsules are fabricated through the innovative conjunction of the well-defined amphiphilic block copolymer and stable microfluidic procedure. Crossed microchannel chemical plant are fabricated by using double deep reactive ion etch (DRIE) on 400 μm-thick silicon wafer. The width and depth of this are 100 μm, respectively. PS-b-PMMA copolymer is synthesized by atomic transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) and molecular weight and poly dispersity index (PDI) is 9837 g/mol and 1.08, respectively. With the introduction of two immiscible fluids into the microchannel, droplet flows are visualized by using a high speed CCD camera. The microcapsule was formed due to supramolecular self-assembly of copolymer in the droplet. The characteristics of the produced microcapsules were measured by SEM. A new microfilter was also introduced to separate microcapsule from the suspension fluid.
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MRLIK, Miroslav, Přemysl FAJKUS, Danila GORGOL, Martin CVEK, and Josef OSICKA. "CONTROLLABLE MODIFICATION OF THE BaTiO3 NANOPARTICLES USING SI-ATRP APPROACH AND IMPACT ON THE VIBRATION SENSING CAPABILITIES OF THEIR PVDF-BASED COMPOSITES." In NANOCON 2021. TANGER Ltd., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37904/nanocon.2021.4322.

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Evrensel, Cahit A., Lisbeth A. Welniak, Alan Fuchs, Jigar Patel, William J. Murphy, and Faramarz Gordaninejad. "Utilization of Biocompatible Ferrous Particles for a New Cancer Therapy." In ASME 2009 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2009-206803.

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Magneto-rheologiacal Fluid (MRF), suspensions of polarizable micron size particles, is synthesized from suspensions of iron particles (micron and nano size) in phosphate buffered saline (PBS). The iron particles have been surface coated using atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) with various polymers, such as poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (poly(NIPAAm)), and poly(acrylamide) (poly(AAm)). The surface grafted polymer has been characterized using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and properties of resulting fluid have been measured using a rheometer. A mathematical model is developed to explore the force induced by the particles on the neighboring tissue under externally applied magnetic field. This force results in the damage of the tumor cell lines and trigger the immune system response. The effect of MRF on primary and metastasized tumor growth were evaluated by using an orthotopic murine breast cancer model (4T1). Tumors were evaluated by growth measurements and histological changes following injection of MRF or carrier fluid alone into the tumor and the effects of subsequent application of a magnetic field to the site. Results indicate slowed tumor growth and increased dendritic cell activation with this therapy and they are encouraging.
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Reports on the topic "ATRP"

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Berberich, Jason, Lance Mabus, Virginia Depp, and Bhalchandra Lele. Stabilization of Proteins by Polymer Conjugation via ATRP. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada500094.

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Saito, Tomonori, Sabornie Chatterjee, Joseph Casey Johnson, Sheng Dai, and Suree Brown. Survey Study of Trunk Materials for Direct ATRP Grafting. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1435344.

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Muelmenstaedt, Johannes. First observation of the decay $\bar{B}$$0\atop{s}$ →; D$+\atop{s}$ K∓ and measurement of B($\bar{B}$$0\atop{s}$ →; D$±\atop{s}$K∓)/Br($\bar{B}$$0\atop{s}$→; D$+\atop{s}$ π-). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), січень 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/926498.

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Balm, Paul Wijnand. Measurement of the B$0\atop{d}$ lifetime using B$0\atop{d}$ → J/ΨK$0\atop{S}$ decays at D0. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), грудень 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/15017357.

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Muelmenstaedt, Johannes. First observation of the decay $\bar{B}$$0\atop{s}$ → D$±\atop{s}$ K∓ and measurement of the relative branching fraction B($\bar{B}$$0\atop{s}$→ D$±\atop{s}$ K∓)/B($\bar{B}$$0\atop{s}$→ D$+\atop{s}$ π-). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), січень 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/924534.

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Chandra, Shailesh, Aastha Chaudhary, Prakhar Srivastava, and Jose Torres-Aguilera. Evaluating Automated Truck Platoon (ATP) Deployment for the Los Angeles–Inland Empire Trade Corridor Enhancement. Mineta Transportation Institute, March 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2023.2244.

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The California Freight Mobility Plan 2020 lists the Los Angeles-Inland Empire trade corridor region as a prominent industrial hub experiencing an increase in freight flows. The California Freight Mobility Plan also regards automated truck platoon (ATP) as an emerging opportunity to minimize congestion on the trade corridor routes. Percentage change in accessibility from 2022 (“without” ATP) to 2040 (“with” ATP) is calculated for the eighteen industry sectors of the Los Angeles-Inland Empire trade corridor. The application of the accessibility formulation was carried out with data on travel time from I-710 and I-10 within Los Angeles County. The findings suggest that all the industry sectors have a very high positive percentage change in accessibility by transforming from “without” to “with” ATP deployment-based accessibility. In the vicinity of the prominent freight corridors of I-710 and I-10 within Los Angeles County, notably, the largest increase in accessibility above 90% will be observed for the industry sectors of Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting, Health Care and Social Assistance, Finance and Insurance, Transportation and Warehousing, and Retail Trade of the Los-Angeles-Inland Empire. Thus, these findings suggest the deployment of ATP on specific freight routes to enhance and sustain economic activity across the Los Angeles-Inland Empire trade corridors.
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Hamzeh, K. Ascend Tunnel Management Protocol - ATMP. RFC Editor, February 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc2107.

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Rieger, Jason. First measurement of the B$0\atop{2}$ semileptonic branching ratio to an orbitally excited d$**\atop{s}$ state, Br(B$0\atop{2}$ → D$-\atop{s1}$(2536)μ+vX). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), грудень 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/922735.

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ชวนชื่น, รุ่งทิพย์, та ชาญวิทย์ ตรีพุทธรัตน์. บทบาทของระบบ multidrug efflux pumps ต่อการดื้อยาใน Acinetobacter baumannii : รายงานผลการวิจัย. จุฬาลงกรณ์มหาวิทยาลัย, 2013. https://doi.org/10.58837/chula.res.2013.90.

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ศึกษาบทบาทของระบบ multidrug efflux pumps ต่อการดื้อยาใน Acinetobacter baumannii ที่แยกได้จากผู้ป่วยจำนวน 121 เชื้อ โดยทำการศึกษาความไวต่อยาปฏิชีวนะ การแพร่กระจายและการมีส่วนร่วมของระบบ multidrug efflux pumps ทั้งที่ใช้ ATP และ pmf เป็นแหล่งพลังงาน การแสดงออกของระบบ AdeABC, AdeIJK และ AdeFGH ความสัมพันธ์ระหว่างการแสดงออกของระบบ AdeABC, AdeIJK และ AdeFGH กับชนิดของยาปฏิชีวนะ และการควบคุมการแสดงออกของยีนทั้ง 3 ระบบ ผลการวิจัยพบว่า มีการแพร่กระจายของ A. baumannii ที่ดื้อยาหลายชนิดพร้อมกันในผู้ป่วยที่เข้ารับการรักษาตัวในโรงพยาบาล โดยกลไกการดื้อยาที่ใช้ ATP และ/หรือ pmf เป็นแหล่งพลังงานมีบทบาทสำคัญต่อการดื้อยาในเชื้อเหล่านี้ เชื้อ A. baumannii เหล่านี้มีการแสดงออกของระบบ multidrug efflux systems หลายระบบพร้อมกัน ระดับการแสดงออกของระบบ AdeABC, AdeFGH และ AdeIJK ไม่มีความสัมพันธ์กับชนิดและระดับความไวต่อยาปฏิชีวนะและการแสดงออกและการควบคุมการทำงานของระบบ multidrug efflux systems ใน A. baumannii มีความซับซ้อน ผลการวิจัยชี้ให้เห็นถึงความจำเป็นในการควบคุมการใช้ยาปฏิชีวนะในการรักษาผู้ป่วยอย่างสมเหตุสมผล
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Bruno, Don. ATR Power Supplies. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1119231.

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