Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Atriplex'
To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Atriplex.
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Atriplex.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Mehramiz, Mohammad Reza. "Nutrient contents of three Atriplex species (Atriplex cancensces, atriplex linearis and Atriplex polycarpa) under different management practices and site conditions." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/282667.
Full textAbstract:
There are thousands hectares of abandoned farmlands in Arizona. Research on practical methods for establishing native plants and wildlife on abandoned farmlands is under way at the Desert Botanical Garden of Phoenix and the University of Arizona. This research is aimed at improving understanding of the primary variables affecting restoration of abandoned farmlands. These variables include: water treatments, planting dates, mulch and water catchment, seasonal planting and plant species composition. The objectives of the study is to investigate the effect of land restoration practices on nitrogen, protein, fiber (NDF and ADF), ash and dry matter contents of three Atriplex species under different management and site conditions. The amount of nutrient contents in Atriplex species growing on abandoned farmlands under irrigation and conservation practices is higher when compared to no irrigation or control in Casa Grande research site. Atriplex species growing under mulch and water catchment condition had significantly higher nutrient content compared to other treatments. Furthermore, seasonal planting in abandoned farmlands affected the nutrient contents of Atriplex cultivars at the University of Arizona farm. The Atriplex cultivar planted in the winter had higher nutrient contents when compared to those planted in the summer and irrigated with a sprinkler irrigation system for some cultivars. A better understanding of how these variables affect nutrient contents of Atriplex species used in this restoration study will play an important role in directing public interest towards the revegetation of abandoned farmlands in southern Arizona for food production.
2
Bravo, Maldonado Cynthia Isabel. "Cultivo in vitro de Atriplex halimus." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2003. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/151722.
Full textAbstract:
Memoria para optar al Título Profesional de Ingeniero ForestalEn enero de 1998, se colectaron ramillas de 4 individuos de Atriplex halimus (procedencia CU-690, de la Cuenca del Mediterráneo), plantados en 1981 en el Centro Experimental “Las Cardas” (IV Región de Chile) y sometidos a una corta a 25 cm del suelo realizada en 1994. De las tres procedencias allí instaladas, CU-690 presenta los mejores rendimientos en fitomasa aérea y leñosa. Con el material colectado, se establecieron ensayos para determinar si la posición del “explante” en la ramilla y la aplicación de una citoquinina, afectan la producción de brotes, con vista a la propagación vegetativa in vitro. De las ramillas se cortaron segmentos apicales y nodales, de 0,5 a 1,5 cm (con 1-2 yemas axilares) se desinfectaron en alcohol, formaldehído e hipoclorito de calcio, y se cultivaron 30 días, a 22°C y 12 hr de luz, con los macro y microelementos del medio MS, las vitaminas de Morel, 20 g de sacarosa, 8 g de agar, un pH 5,8, con o sin regulador de crecimiento (BAP 0,1 mg/l). Posteriormente, cada 4 semanas, fueron repicados sobre medio MS sin BAP.
3
Malan, Paul Johannes. "Selection and propagation of elite Atriplex material." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/22855.
Full textAbstract:
The aims of this study were to compare 16 Atriplex accessions as fodder shrubs; to find a method of vegetative propagation for A. nummularia and A. canescens; and to find a non destructive way of monitoring dry matter (DM) production and structure. Characteristics evaluated included DM yield, structure, nutritive value and adaptation to different ecological conditions. The accessions were also compared for palatability using grazing sheep in a cafeteria system. Two methods of vegetative propagation were evaluated, namely in vitro tissue culture propagation (A. canescens and A. nummularia) and stem cuttings (A. nummularia). With all accessions the percentage leaves decreased and percentage twigs increased as the plants matured. Leaves were more nutritious than edible twigs. At an age of 15 months edible DM yield ranged from 0.71 t.ha-1 (A. canescens Rincon) to 5.78 t.ha-1 (A. rhagadioides). For most accessions crude protein (CP) content, neutral detergent fibre (NDF), in vitro DM digestibility (IVDMD) and ash contents were acceptable for livestock. The two most promising accessions were A. nummularia (CP content 15%, NDF 48%, IVDMD 60% and ash 20%) and A. canescens cultivar Santa Rita (CP content 13%, NDF 49%, IVDMD 58% and ash 18%). The two least promising accessions as fodder shrubs were A.glauca (CP content 8%, NDF 61%, IVDMD 42% and ash 16%) and A. canescens Rincon (CP content 10%, NDF 58%, IVDMD 44% and ash 15%). Survival at different locations were not only influenced by ecological and climatological conditions, but also by different management practices. Average survival ranged from 41% to 87%. Sampling for nutritive value varied between locations and had a stronger influence on the nutritive values than location. Accessions with the broadest adaption were A. amnicola, A. canescens (S.R.), A. halimus and A. nummularia. According to visual observation and utilization, A. amnicola, A. canescens (S.R.), A. cinerea, A. rhagadioides and A. semibaccata were the most palatable accessions. The sheep, contrary to expectations, were able to select equally nutritious diets over time. In vitro propagation of A. nummularia was more successful than A. canescens. The best medium for shoot multiplication and elongation for A. canescens was the Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium with 0.20 mg.1-l 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) and 1.0 mg.1-l naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), while a medium with 0.05 mg.1-l BA and 0.05 mg.1-l NAA was best for elongation and rooting. For multiplication of A. nummularia the MS basal medium with 0.20 mg.1-l BA and 0.05 mg.1-l NAA was the best, while the MS basal medium without any hormones was the best for elongation and rooting. Atriplex nummularia was successfully acclimatized. Vegetative propagation using stem cuttings was also possible for A. nummularia. The best results (up to 95% rooting) were obtained using terminal cuttings of new growth in the autumn or spring, treated with 3 g.kg-l indole-3 buteric acid (IBA). Suitable models for the prediction ofDM yield, using non-destructive measurements were found. The model: DM = 553.24X + 129.47, where, DM = dry matter yield (g.plant-l) and X = shrub volume (m3), gave very good predictions (r2 = 0.72; P = 0.0001). Other models, which were species specific, included: DM yield in relation to volume; height and diameter in relation to DM yield; and shrub volume related to DM yield, where each accession has its own intercept while, the slope were the same for all. Acceptable models were found for all accessions with the exception of A. semibaccata. Another model should be tested for this accession with its creeping growth form.Dissertation (MSc Agric (Pasture Science))--University of Pretoria, 2000.
Production Animal Studies
Unrestricted
4
Snyman, Leendert Dekker. "Qualitative characteristics of selected Atriplex nummularia (Hatfield Select)." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2006. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-04022007-162554.
Full text
5
Wang, Li-Wen. "Cloning and Characterization of Genes Related to Betaine, the Effect of Salt on Cell Death and Competition on Atriplex Prostrata." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1037729710.
Full text
6
Pearce, Kelly Lynne. "Carcass and eating quality of sheep grazing saltbush based saline pasture systems /." Access via Murdoch University Digital Theses Project, 2006. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20070516.95025.
Full text
7
De, La Llata Coronado Manuel Maria 1967. "Nutritive value of Atriplex deserticola and Salicornia forage for ruminants." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/278026.
Full textAbstract:
Two experiments using lambs were conducted to obtain additional information on the potential nutritional value of halophyte forages for ruminants. In experiment one, Salicornia bigevolii Torr. planted in mid-March and harvested at three dates (July, August and September) replaced wheat straw (30%) in a 65% forage diet. Nutrient composition and digestibility of Salicornia forage declined with advancing maturity. Forage from the July cutting was superior to wheat straw, while that from later cuttings was approximately equal to straw. In experiment two, digestion coefficients were lower when Atriplex deserticola replaced 50% of the alfalfa hay in a 70% roughage diet. Even when all of the alfalfa hay was replaced using a mixture of 85% Atriplex barclayana and 15% Atriplex deserticola consumption by lambs was not adversely affected. It is concluded that Salicornia bigevolii and Atriplex deserticola have potential as feedstuff for ruminants, especially in geographical areas where conventional feedstuffs are not available.
8
Acuña, Kohnenkamp Edouard Jesús. "Evaluación de Atriplex halimus y Chrysopogon zizanioides en la fitorremediación inducida de un suelo contaminado con plomo." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2016. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/151067.
Full textAbstract:
Tesis para optar al Grado de Magíster en Manejo de Suelos y AguasEl plomo (Pb) es uno de los metales contaminantes de suelo más comunes, encontrándose ampliamente distribuido debido a actividades industriales, así como también al uso de combustibles y pinturas. En general, en suelos orgánicos el Pb se liga fuertemente a las sustancias húmicas, mientras que en suelos minerales lo hace a los óxidos de hierro, siendo más bien inmóvil en el suelo, a menos que se encuentre presente en altas concentraciones. Los efectos de la contaminación de suelos por Pb pueden ser mitigados mediante fitorremediación, una estrategia de remediación in situ que utiliza distintos componentes (plantas, enmiendas de suelo y manejos agronómicos) para remover, contener o volver inocuos los contaminantes de suelo. La mayor parte de las especies de plantas que toleran la presencia de elementos traza (ET) son de tipo excluyentes, caracterizándose por sobrevivir a través de mecanismos de restricción, almacenando los metales en paredes y vacuolas de células radicales. En el caso del Pb, la utilización de fitorremediación puede presentar inconvenientes, debido a la baja fitodisponibilidad del elemento. No obstante, para superar este inconveniente se ha propuesto la utilización de una técnica de fitorremediación inducida por agentes quelantes, la cual permite que el Pb del suelo permanezca biodisponible para las plantas.
9
Kenny, Lahcen. "Physiological studies on the propagation of Atriplex spp for saline conditions." Thesis, Bangor University, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.357358.
Full text
10
Leenhouts, James Merrell 1968. "Behavior of boron and boron isotopes during uptake by Atriplex canescens." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/284177.
Full textAbstract:
This research was conducted to determine the potential for using plants to obtain samples of boron isotopes from groundwater, sod moisture and fracture water. In essence, this work sought to ascertain whether plants can function as in-situ samplers for boron as an environmental isotope. At present, very little is known about the behavior of boron isotopes in plants so this study was designed to reveal any isotopic fractionation that might occur during plant uptake by a specific species under carefully controlled conditions. The relationship between the boron isotope ratios sequestered in the leaves of the species Atriplex canescens and the growth conditions of the plant were investigated using a semi-hydroponic greenhouse experiment. Nutrient boron concentration and solution pH were selected as experimental variables as these parameters span large ranges in nature. In addition, the mechanism through which plants take up anionic nutrients suggests that boron isotope fractionation could occur. The experimental setup was a randomized factorial block design and the plants were provided six different nutrient solutions with pH values ranging from 7.5 to 9.5 and boron concentrations varying from 0.1 mg/L to 10.0 mg/L. Boron concentration in the plant's leaf and stem samples followed expected patterns, with the highest boron amount in the leaves of the plants fed nutrient solution with 10.0 mg/L B. The stern samples of plants fed 0.1 mg/L B contained the least boron. The ratio of boron in plants fed 10.0 mg/L vs. 0.1 mg/L B was far less than the 100:1 ratio of boron in the nutrients, which implies that a component of uptake is actively controlled by the plant. Negative thermal ionization mass spectrometry was employed to analyze the minute amounts of boron extracted from digests of the plant tissues. Statistical tests were utilized to determine that, contrary to the hypothesis, no significant isotopic fractionation occurred during uptake at any treatment pH level. The results of this research indicate that the species Atriplex canescens can provide samples of boron isotopes which closely represent the isotopic signature of the plant's water source.
11
Soliz, Deserié H. "Production of the Forage Halophyte Atriplex lentiformis on Reverse Osmosis Brine." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/202737.
Full textAbstract:
Throughout the arid and semi-arid regions, researchers have been looking at different ways to deal with the salinity problem of the soil and water as well as feed for the livestock. Study 1 focused on a pilot project conducted in an irrigation district in Marana, AZ, USA, looking at using Reverse Osmosis (RO) concentrate on Atriplex lentiformis (quailbush) and then harvesting the plant to be tested for its possible use as a supplement in feed for livestock. Three irrigation treatments were tested based on the potential evapotranspiration rate (ET(o)): (1) plots irrigated at ET(o) adjusted daily via an on-site micrometeorology station; (2) plots irrigated at 1.5 ET(o) adjusted daily; (3) plots irrigated at a constant rate throughout the year based on the mean of annual ET(o). The plants produced 15-24 tons ha⁻¹ year⁻¹ of biomass and could be irrigated at the rate of ET(o), ca. 2 m yr⁻¹ at this location. It was concluded that irrigation of halophyte forage crops provide a viable strategy for extending water supplies and disposing of saline water in arid-zone irrigation districts. Study 2 focused on a field data from Study 1 and two greenhouse experiments. The greenhouse experiments were conducted in 2007 and 2010. The 2010 greenhouse trials, under well-watered conditions, showed that the apparent zero-point-salinity for yield was 47.3 g L⁻¹ TDS. An additional greenhouse experiment was conducted in which plants in sealed pots were grown to the wilting point on a single application of water. The experiment was conducted at different salinities to see if salinity and water stress were additive factors in reducing yield and Water Use Efficiency (WUE). To the contrary, yield and WUE actually increased as a function of salinity, perhaps due to conversion from C3 to C4 photosynthesis over the salinity range (noted in other studies with A. lentiformis). We conclude that xerohalophytes such as A. lentiformis could greatly extend the useful range of salinities under which forage crops can be grown in arid-zone irrigation districts.
12
Maywald, Dionne Lee. "Palatability variation between the sex phenotypes of bladder saltbush (Atriplex vesicaria)." Title page, contents and summary only, 1998. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phm474.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Bibliography: leaves 105-121. This study reports the first thorough investigation of palatability variation in Atriplex vesicaria Heward ex Benth. (bladder saltbush). Intensive small-plot dietary trials, supported by a paddock dietary experiment, cross-fence comparisons and cafeteria trials, showed that sheep preferentially grazed female saltbushes over male and bisexual ones. Sheep avoided male saltbushes due to a chemical deterrent, and used visual (male flower spike) and olfactory cues to detect male plants. The effect of this selective grazing was to reduce the size and reproductive output of female shrubs. Sheep also tended to return to shrubs they had grazed previously. In the semi-arid regions of South Australia, where bladder saltbush is grazed year-round, physical protection is recommended to maximise survival and reproductive output of heavily grazed shrubs.
13
Moreno, Greicy Mitzi Bezerra [UNESP]. "Feno de erva-sal (Atriplex nummularia) na terminação de cordeiros Santa Inês." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/104891.
Full textAbstract:
Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:33:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
Previous issue date: 2011-07-14Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:23:35Z : No. of bitstreams: 1
moreno_gmb_dr_jabo.pdf: 487010 bytes, checksum: cda1d96d2a28d4346f707282fb91af36 (MD5)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Os objetivos deste trabalho foram avaliar o desempenho, consumo e digestibilidade de nutrientes e a qualidade da carne de cordeiros Santa Inês alimentados com 30, 40, 50 e 60% de feno de erva-sal associado a concentrado. Utilizou-se 32 cordeiros castrados, com 8 meses de idade e peso inicial de 22 + 1,97 kg, confinados individualmente e abatidos após 60 dias de confinamento. Houve redução linear no consumo de matéria seca e ganho de peso à medida que o nível de feno de erva-sal aumentou na dieta. O consumo dos nutrientes digestíveis diminuiu com o aumento de feno, exceto de proteína bruta (120,09 g/dia), fibras em detergente neutro (242,85 g/dia) e ácido (90,80 g/dia), assim como a digestibilidade dos nutrientes, com exceção dos carboidratos não fibrosos (84,94%). Houve redução do nitrogênio excretado na urina e aumento dos nitrogênios absorvido e retido com a inclusão do feno na dieta. Os pesos de carcaça quente e fria decresceram linearmente com o aumento de feno de erva-sal na dieta, entretanto, não houve efeito para o rendimento verdadeiro de carcaça e dos cortes: paleta (19,26%), pescoço (8,52%), costelas (26,57%) e perna (33,88%). Houve efeito linear decrescente para área de olho de lombo e espessura de gordura à medida que o nível de feno na dieta aumentou. O pH final (5,46), cor (39,47 para L; 18,16 para a* e 5,55 para b*) e os teores de umidade (74,50%), proteína (21,15%) e colesterol da carne (36,76mg/100g) não diferiram entre os tratamentos. O percentual de minerais aumentou e o de gordura da carne diminuiu e a carne tornou-se mais dura com a inclusão de feno de erva-sal, entretanto, os provadores não detectaram diferença na análise sensorial, mas observaram maior intensidade de sabor de cordeiro na carne dos animais que receberam menos feno na...
The aims of this study were to evaluate the performance, nutrients intake and digestibility and the meat quality of Santa Inês lambs fed with 30, 40, 50 or 60% of oldman saltbush hay with concentrated. Were used 32 castrated lambs, with 8 month old and initial weight of 22 + 1.97 kg, housed individually and slaughtered after 60 days of feedlot. There was a linear reduction in dry matter intake and daily weight gain as the level of saltbush hay increased in the diet. The intake of all digestible nutrients decreased with the hay inclusion, except for crude protein intake (120.09 g/day), neuter detergent fiber (242.85 g/day) and acid detergent fiber intake (90.80 g/day), as well as nutrients digestibility, except for non-fibrous carbohydrates (84.94%). There was a reduction on nitrogen excreted in urine and increase nitrogen absorbed and retained with the inclusion of hay in the diet. The weights of hot and cold carcass decreased linearly as was the inclusion of saltbush hay in the diet, however, there was no effect for true yields and for cuts: shoulder (19.26%), neck (8.52%) ribs (26.57%) and leg (33.88%). There was linear decreased for rib eye area and fat thickness as the level of hay in the diet increased. The final pH (5.46), color (39.47 for L; 18.16 for a* and 5.55 for b*) and the moisture content (74.50%), protein (21.15%) and cholesterol of meat (36.76 mg/100 g) did not differ between treatments. The percentage of minerals increased, intramuscular fat decreased and the meat was harder with the addition of saltbush hay, however, the panellists no detected differences in sensory analysis, but observed a more intense taste of sheep meat in lambs that received less saltbush in the diet. The inclusion of saltbush hay in the diet increased the amount of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids and reduced the 6:3 ratio. The saltbush hay should be used as a supplementary resource in areas with salinity problems of water and/or soil
14
P, Hunt Leigh. "Spatial variation in the population dynamics of Atriplex vesicaria under sheep grazing /." Title page, contents and summary only, 1995. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phh9412.pdf.
Full text
15
Mohamed, Musbah F. "Ecological studies on Atriplex portulacoides and its role in salt marsh zonation." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.267473.
Full textAbstract:
This study investigated the zonation of the halophytic shrub Atriplex portulacoides (chenopodiaceae) on three main habitats on the high marsh, shingle ridge and low marsh at Stiffkey saltmarsh, on the north Norfolk coast. The aim was to examine the physical and biological factors controlling the distribution of this species within an apparently wide amplitude of elevation within the tidal frame. The field investigation revealed significant differences in some of the physical characteristics of the sediment of five sites. Soil drainage and soil texture were significantly different between the shingle ridge and the general marsh habitat. Other environmental factors, including duration of tidal submergence proved to have significant effects on the distribution and percentage cover of the plant. Sediment accretion rates were greatly variable between the high and low marsh and may be responsible for low seed germination rates of this species on the low marsh. Laboratory experiments showed that the seed germination was largely inhibited at high salinities. Seed germination can occur under anoxic conditions but only in the presence of light. Seed germination in the laboratory was significantly higher under alternating temperature (20/10 °C) than at continuous lower temperatures (1 or 4 °C). Seed germination under burial with sediment was significantly reduced and this is due to the failure of seeds to germinate in the first place and also due to the difficulty in emergence from burial. Glasshouse experiments showed that long-term waterlogging created hypoxic conditions that were harmful to growth of A. portulacoides at all three stages of the life history tested; mainly changes to morphology occurred. However, the seedlings are the more adversely affected than young established plants or the mature plants. Unlike the seedlings, the young established and mature plants were relatively tolerant to waterlogging, mainly because they produced abundant adventitious roots from their aerial branches. Seed and seedling transplant experiments in the field showed that plants can not establish lower on the marsh than their current lower limit because of physicochemical conditions. The obstacle is mainly at the seed germination, establishment phase as transplanted seedlings had much higher survival rates generally than transplanted seeds. However, the low marsh was generally more conducive to seedlings than the high marsh. Certain biotic interactions were also investigated. Competition of A. portulacoides with Puccinellia maritima tested in a prolonged experiment in the glasshouse with and without waterlogging showed no significant effect on the dry mass of either species. Fruits (seeds) of A. portulacoides were significantly predated by larvae of the moth Coleophora atriplicis.
16
Moreno, Greicy Mitzi Bezerra. "Feno de erva-sal (Atriplex nummularia) na terminação de cordeiros Santa Inês /." Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/104891.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Hirasilva BorbaCoorientador: Gherman Garcia Leal de Araújo
Coorientador: Américo Garcia da Silva Sobrinho
Banca: Flávio Dutra de Resende
Banca: Márcia Helena Machado da Rocha Fernandes
Banca: Cledson Augusto Garcia
Banca: Francisco de Assis Fonseca de Macedo
Resumo: Os objetivos deste trabalho foram avaliar o desempenho, consumo e digestibilidade de nutrientes e a qualidade da carne de cordeiros Santa Inês alimentados com 30, 40, 50 e 60% de feno de erva-sal associado a concentrado. Utilizou-se 32 cordeiros castrados, com 8 meses de idade e peso inicial de 22 + 1,97 kg, confinados individualmente e abatidos após 60 dias de confinamento. Houve redução linear no consumo de matéria seca e ganho de peso à medida que o nível de feno de erva-sal aumentou na dieta. O consumo dos nutrientes digestíveis diminuiu com o aumento de feno, exceto de proteína bruta (120,09 g/dia), fibras em detergente neutro (242,85 g/dia) e ácido (90,80 g/dia), assim como a digestibilidade dos nutrientes, com exceção dos carboidratos não fibrosos (84,94%). Houve redução do nitrogênio excretado na urina e aumento dos nitrogênios absorvido e retido com a inclusão do feno na dieta. Os pesos de carcaça quente e fria decresceram linearmente com o aumento de feno de erva-sal na dieta, entretanto, não houve efeito para o rendimento verdadeiro de carcaça e dos cortes: paleta (19,26%), pescoço (8,52%), costelas (26,57%) e perna (33,88%). Houve efeito linear decrescente para área de olho de lombo e espessura de gordura à medida que o nível de feno na dieta aumentou. O pH final (5,46), cor (39,47 para L; 18,16 para a* e 5,55 para b*) e os teores de umidade (74,50%), proteína (21,15%) e colesterol da carne (36,76mg/100g) não diferiram entre os tratamentos. O percentual de minerais aumentou e o de gordura da carne diminuiu e a carne tornou-se mais dura com a inclusão de feno de erva-sal, entretanto, os provadores não detectaram diferença na análise sensorial, mas observaram maior intensidade de sabor de cordeiro na carne dos animais que receberam menos feno na... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The aims of this study were to evaluate the performance, nutrients intake and digestibility and the meat quality of Santa Inês lambs fed with 30, 40, 50 or 60% of oldman saltbush hay with concentrated. Were used 32 castrated lambs, with 8 month old and initial weight of 22 + 1.97 kg, housed individually and slaughtered after 60 days of feedlot. There was a linear reduction in dry matter intake and daily weight gain as the level of saltbush hay increased in the diet. The intake of all digestible nutrients decreased with the hay inclusion, except for crude protein intake (120.09 g/day), neuter detergent fiber (242.85 g/day) and acid detergent fiber intake (90.80 g/day), as well as nutrients digestibility, except for non-fibrous carbohydrates (84.94%). There was a reduction on nitrogen excreted in urine and increase nitrogen absorbed and retained with the inclusion of hay in the diet. The weights of hot and cold carcass decreased linearly as was the inclusion of saltbush hay in the diet, however, there was no effect for true yields and for cuts: shoulder (19.26%), neck (8.52%) ribs (26.57%) and leg (33.88%). There was linear decreased for rib eye area and fat thickness as the level of hay in the diet increased. The final pH (5.46), color (39.47 for L; 18.16 for a* and 5.55 for b*) and the moisture content (74.50%), protein (21.15%) and cholesterol of meat (36.76 mg/100 g) did not differ between treatments. The percentage of minerals increased, intramuscular fat decreased and the meat was harder with the addition of saltbush hay, however, the panellists no detected differences in sensory analysis, but observed a more intense taste of sheep meat in lambs that received less saltbush in the diet. The inclusion of saltbush hay in the diet increased the amount of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids and reduced the 6:3 ratio. The saltbush hay should be used as a supplementary resource in areas with salinity problems of water and/or soil
Doutor
17
Figueroa, Parraguez Jorge Andrés. "Uso de aguas servidas tratadas en cultivos de atriplex con fines energéticos." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2016. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/151009.
Full textAbstract:
Memoria para optar al título profesional de Ingeniero en Recursos Naturales RenovablesLas zonas áridas de Chile corresponden aproximadamente al 40% del territorio nacional, y están compuestas por suelos potencialmente productivos no utilizados. Las potenciales áreas para la expansión de cultivos energéticos, no representan competencia para los cultivos con fines alimenticios, debido a que son suelos marginales y áridos, subutilizados debido a la degradación que poseen, inviables para la producción agroalimentaria. El uso de aguas servidas para el riego de cultivos energéticos contribuye a la disminución de la demanda de agua de riego frente a la escasez. Las especies del género Atriplex representan una opción para la producción de biomasa para bioenergía. Esta memoria determinó el efecto del riego con aguas servidas tratadas sobre el crecimiento y desarrollo de A. nummularia, A. halimus y A. canescens, con fines bioenergéticos.
18
Araujo, Sandro Alexandre Marinho de. "Uso eficiÃncia de macronutrientes e Ãgua em erva sal (Atriplex nummularia Lindl.) expostas a nÃveis crescentes de NaCl e ciclos de seca." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2008. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=3338.
Full textAbstract:
FundaÃÃo Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e TecnolÃgicoA regiÃo Nordeste, de clima semi-Ãrido, caracteriza-se por elevadas taxas de evapotranspiraÃÃo aliada a uma estaÃÃo chuvosa irregular que contribuem de forma substancial para o surgimento de Ãreas salinizadas. A maioria dos solos nordestinos se encontra na chamada depressÃo sertaneja sobre o embasamento cristalino, ricos em Ãons salinos, onde predominam solos de textura arenosa, rasos, pouco intemperizados, pobres do ponto de vista da fertilidade e com constantes afloramentos rochosos que revelam a fragilidade destes solos no que tange a sua utilizaÃÃo para agricultura e/ou pecuÃria. No Nordeste brasileiro à comum a ocorrÃncia de Ãguas subterrÃneas (poÃos) e superficiais (aÃudes e lagoas) com problemas de salinidade, que as tornam inadequadas para irrigaÃÃo e tambÃm para outros usos como consumo humano e animal. Ademais, a concentraÃÃo salina nestas Ãguas aumenta no perÃodo seco, quando o volume de Ãgua à significativamente reduzido. Jà as Ãguas de rios ou riachos podem apresentar problemas de salinidade, dependendo dos solos por onde estes passam, e tambÃm do retorno da Ãgua de drenagem, que à mais rica em sais do que a Ãgua de irrigaÃÃo. Atualmente tem-se aumentado a perfuraÃÃo de poÃos no embasamento cristalino e a utilizaÃÃo de Ãguas salobras, paralelamente tambÃm, tem-se aumentado a instalaÃÃo de dessalinizadores para atravÃs do processo de osmose reversa eliminar os sais tornando estas Ãguas prÃprias para consumo humano e animal. No entanto, a utilizaÃÃo dos dessalinizadores cria um problema ambiental, visto que sua eficiÃncia à relativamente baixa (aproximadamente 50%), gerando assim grande quantidade de rejeito, que à o produto da dessalinizaÃÃo rico em sais principalmente cloreto e sÃdio. Este rejeito se nÃo tratado ou aproveitado poderà ocasionar, a mÃdio e longo prazo, degradaÃÃo de solos. Diante deste contexto de degradaÃÃo ambiental, faz-se necessÃrio a adoÃÃo de prÃticas de manejo de solo e de culturas que contribuam para a sustentabilidade do sistema solo-planta-atmosfera. Dentre as prÃticas vegetativas, podemos indicar a utilizaÃÃo da halÃfita erva sal (Atriplex nummularia Lindl.) como estratÃgia de convivÃncia com o semi-Ãrido, pois esta espÃcie à capaz de resistir a este ambiente hostil e ainda fornecer forragem para os animais com bom teor de proteÃna bruta (em torno de 15%), lenha e cobertura vegetal.
The oldman saltbush (Atriplex nummularia Lindl.) is a halophyte species with high capacity to accumulate salt ions in the leaves. In spite of the agricultural and environmental importance of this species, few studies focusing mineral nutrition of A. nummularia plants exposed to salinity were avaliable. The aim of this work was the study of responses presented by A. nummularia plants exposed to NaCl external concentration in terms of macronutrient use efficiency and water use efficiency. Fourmonth- old A. nummularia plants were cultivated under greenhouse conditions in sand soil contained in clay pots with 3.0 L capacity. The plants were irrigated each two days with solutions containing different levels of NaCl (0, 100, 200, 300 e 400 mmol L-1) during four months. The control plants showed a higher transpiration rate than that of the plants treated with 400 mmol L-1 NaCl. Additionally, the control plants showed a small stomatal resistance than that of the salt-treated plants. Although, the salt-treated plants presented increase in some growth parameters, like fresh matter, dry matter and dry organic matter. The results showed that NaCl presented positive influenced in A. nummularia growth, nevertheless, it was not dose-dependent. The NaCl treatments induced accumulation of the dry matter in the plants, but triggered a strong decrease in the transpiration rate and a slight decrease in the photosynthesis rate. Thus, salt-treated plants demonstrated better water use efficiency and macronutrient use efficiency in all external salt concentrations.
19
Araujo, Sandro Alexandre Marinho de. "Uso eficiência de macronutrientes e água em erva sal (Atriplex nummularia Lindl.) expostas a níveis crescentes de NaCl e ciclos de seca." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2008. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/9154.
Full textAbstract:
ARAUJO, S. A. M. Uso eficiência de macronutrientes e água em erva sal (Atriplex nummularia Lindl.) expostas a níveis crescentes de NaCl e ciclos de seca. 2008. 110 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Agronomia/Solos e Nutrição de Plantas) - Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 2008.Submitted by Francisco Lacerda (lacerda@ufc.br) on 2014-09-22T22:29:18Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2008_dis_samaraujo.pdf: 1356349 bytes, checksum: fe8d15af5405e90569e5f6a0f817b0f7 (MD5)
Approved for entry into archive by José Jairo Viana de Sousa(jairo@ufc.br) on 2014-09-23T21:40:19Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2008_dis_samaraujo.pdf: 1356349 bytes, checksum: fe8d15af5405e90569e5f6a0f817b0f7 (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-09-23T21:40:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2008_dis_samaraujo.pdf: 1356349 bytes, checksum: fe8d15af5405e90569e5f6a0f817b0f7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008
A região Nordeste, de clima semi-árido, caracteriza-se por elevadas taxas de evapotranspiração aliada a uma estação chuvosa irregular que contribuem de forma substancial para o surgimento de áreas salinizadas. A maioria dos solos nordestinos se encontra na chamada depressão sertaneja sobre o embasamento cristalino, ricos em íons salinos, onde predominam solos de textura arenosa, rasos, pouco intemperizados, pobres do ponto de vista da fertilidade e com constantes afloramentos rochosos que revelam a fragilidade destes solos no que tange a sua utilização para agricultura e/ou pecuária. No Nordeste brasileiro é comum a ocorrência de águas subterrâneas (poços) e superficiais (açudes e lagoas) com problemas de salinidade, que as tornam inadequadas para irrigação e também para outros usos como consumo humano e animal. Ademais, a concentração salina nestas águas aumenta no período seco, quando o volume de água é significativamente reduzido. Já as águas de rios ou riachos podem apresentar problemas de salinidade, dependendo dos solos por onde estes passam, e também do retorno da água de drenagem, que é mais rica em sais do que a água de irrigação. Atualmente tem-se aumentado a perfuração de poços no embasamento cristalino e a utilização de águas salobras, paralelamente também, tem-se aumentado a instalação de dessalinizadores para através do processo de osmose reversa eliminar os sais tornando estas águas próprias para consumo humano e animal. No entanto, a utilização dos dessalinizadores cria um problema ambiental, visto que sua eficiência é relativamente baixa (aproximadamente 50%), gerando assim grande quantidade de rejeito, que é o produto da dessalinização rico em sais principalmente cloreto e sódio. Este rejeito se não tratado ou aproveitado poderá ocasionar, a médio e longo prazo, degradação de solos. Diante deste contexto de degradação ambiental, faz-se necessário a adoção de práticas de manejo de solo e de culturas que contribuam para a sustentabilidade do sistema solo-planta-atmosfera. Dentre as práticas vegetativas, podemos indicar a utilização da halófita erva sal (Atriplex nummularia Lindl.) como estratégia de convivência com o semi-árido, pois esta espécie é capaz de resistir a este ambiente hostil e ainda fornecer forragem para os animais com bom teor de proteína bruta (em torno de 15%), lenha e cobertura vegetal.
20
Araujo, Eliane Gon?alves de. "efeito da aplica??o de uma solu??o salina no crescimento e na composi??o qu?mica da atriplex nummularia." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2009. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/17624.
Full textAbstract:
Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:41:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
ElianeGA_DISSERT.pdf: 4101780 bytes, checksum: 9b7501315a910595077f44b678b21c52 (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2009-08-06Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior
This study aimed to analyze the effect of a saline solution on growth and chemical composition of Atriplex nummularia, shrubby plant, absorbing salts used in the diet of animals and the management of water and saline soils. These plant seedlings were planted and grown in a reserved area at the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte. The plantation was divided into two blocks, in which one of them was irrigated with saline solution with a concentration of 2840 mgL-1 of NaCl and the second group was irrigated with drinking water. After six months, the plants were collected, harvested and divided into three parts: leaf, thin and thick stem. Monthly, dimension measurements were carried out for cataloging the growth of Atriplex. Ion Chromatography (IC) and Optical Emission Spectroscopy Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP-OES) were used to analyze the chemical composition of the partition plant parts. The results of these analyses revealed that an absorption process of anions and cations by Atriplex nummularia plant during its growth was achieved, in particular by a higher concentration of sodium and chloride ions. Scanning electron microscopy images showed and confirmed the presence of small crystals on the leaf surface. Electrical conductivity and pH measurements of the aerial parts of the plant were carried out and these results showed that the leaf is the plant part where there is a largest concentration of ions. In addition, measurements of specific surface were obtained from irrigated plants with saline solution, achieving higher surface area, in all cases. Plant dimensions obtained monthly showed that the plants irrigated with water grew 5% more than those plants irrigated with saline solution. Based on results obtained, Atriplex plant showed a higher potential to survive and adapt to environments (aquatic or geological) with high levels of salinity and this property can be used as a tool for removing salts/metals from industrial contaminated soils and effluents.
O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar o efeito da aplica??o de uma solu??o salina no crescimento e na composi??o qu?mica da Atriplex nummularia, planta arbustiva, absorvedora de sais utilizada na dieta de animais e no manejo de ?guas e solos salinos. Mudas desta erva foram plantadas e cultivadas no Horto da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte. A planta??o foi dividida em dois blocos, no qual um deles foi irrigado com solu??o salina com concentra??o de 2840 mgL-1 de cloreto e o outro irrigado com ?gua pot?vel. Ap?s seis meses do plantio as plantas foram colhidas e dividas em tr?s partes: folha, caule fino e caule grosso. O crescimento da Atriplex foi avaliado atrav?s de medidas mensais. Para a caracteriza??o qu?mica fez-se necess?rio o uso de t?cnicas anal?ticas como: Cromatografia de ?ons (IC) e Espectroscopia de Emiss?o ?ptica por Plasma Indutivamente Acoplado (ICP-OES). Os resultados dessas an?lises destacaram a diversidade de ?nions e c?tions absorvidos pela planta durante seu processo evolutivo, apresentando em especial uma maior concentra??o dos ?ons s?dio e cloreto. A Microscopia Eletr?nica de Varredura identificou a presen?a de pequenos cristais na superf?cie da folha. An?lises de condutividade el?trica das partes a?reas da planta foram realizadas juntamente com medidas do potencial hidrogeni?nico e essas mostraram que na folha encontram-se as maiores concentra??o de ?ons. Medidas da ?rea superficial espec?fica das plantas irrigadas com solu??o salina apresentaram maior ?rea superficial. As medidas mensais realizadas durante todo o cultivo mostraram que as plantas irrigadas com ?gua pot?vel se desenvolveram 5% a mais do que as plantas cultivadas com solu??o salina. Com base em todos os resultados obtidos durante o estudo foi conclu?do que a Atriplex ? uma planta que apresenta potencialidade em sobreviver e adaptar-se a ambientes salinos, podendo ser utilizada como uma fonte absorvedora de sais dos solos contaminados por efluentes resultantes de processos industriais nos quais tem a ?gua salina como produto final de seus processos.
21
Costa, Naiara Araújo da. "Respostas ecofisiológicas e bioquímicas da erva-sal (Atriplex nummularia Lind.) ao estresse natalino." Pós-Graduação em Agroecossistemas, 2014. https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/6576.
Full textAbstract:
The saltbush is an C4 species extremely tolerant to soils and saline waters and has good capacity to accumulate quantities of salts in their tissues, also serving as forage potential. Therefore, it is an excellent material for the identification of physiological and biochemical mechanisms involved in the resistance to salinity. The objective of this study was to evaluate the ecophysiological and biochemical responses of saltbush under increasing levels of NaCl. Plants were grown in pots kept in a greenhouse and irrigated every 2 days at concentrations of 0, 150, 300, 450 and 600 mM NaCl over time. Were determined biometric (height and stem diameter), gas exchange (photosynthetic assimilation of CO2 (A), stomatal conductance (gS), the internal concentration of carbon (Ci), transpiration (E) and vapor pressure deficit between leaf and air (DPVair-leaf)), the content of chlorophyll (Chl a, Chl b, Chl total and Chl a / b) and content of proline in leaves. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 5x4 factorial scheme, with five levels of salinity and for evaluation periods (0, 15, 30 and 45 days) with 5 replications. At 60 days evaluated the effect of levels 0, 150 and 300 mM NaCl on growth, fresh and dry biomass of shoot (stem+leaves) and root, gas exchange, content of chlorophyll, content of Na+, K+ and Na+/K+ in shoot and roots, and content of proline in leaves. The experimental design was DIC, with three levels of salinity and five replications. Until 45 days saltbush presented a stimulating growth at all levels of NaCl, and 0, 150 and 300 mM NaCl showed the highest values of height and stem diameter. As for the gas exchange saltbush presented an adaptive period of 15 days, followed by increase in photosynthetic assimilation. The saltbush accumulated more Na+ than K+, with greater accumulation in the shoot than in the root, to the 300 mM NaCl level, this is the salinity level that the highest yield of fresh biomass (46,38 g) and dried (19,69 g). Increased salinity promoted accumulation of proline, whose highest concentration (3,11 micromol g-1 FM) was observed in 600 mM NaCl treatment. At 60 days the salt stress induced no significant differences in plant growth, but promoted reduction of photosynthetic assimilation and increased internal carbon concentration. After 60 days, saltbush accumulated Na+ in shoot with growth and biomass production was enhanced up to 300 mM NaCl level. Increased levels of salinity reduces the photosynthetic assimilation of the saltbush, but did not significantly affect the production of chlorophylls. In response to salinity saltbush has increased the concentration of proline in their leaves. With increasing salinity, the saltbush develops physiological and biochemical mechanisms to ensure its growth, with the 300 mM NaCl level which favors its maximum production.A erva-sal e uma especie C4 extremamente tolerante aos solos e as aguas salinas e possui boa capacidade de acumular quantidades de sais em seus tecidos, servindo tambem como potencial forrageiro. Portanto, e um excelente material para a identificacao de mecanismos fisiologicos e bioquimicos envolvidos na resistencia a salinidade. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as respostas ecofisiologicas e bioquimicas da erva-sal sob niveis crescentes de NaCl. As plantas foram cultivadas em vasos mantidos em casa de vegetacao e irrigadas a cada 2 dias nas concentracoes 0, 150, 300, 450 e 600 mM de NaCl ao longo do tempo. Foram determinados a biometria (altura e diametro do caule), trocas gasosas (assimilacao fotossintetica de CO2 (A), condutancia estomatica (gS), concentracao interna de carbono (Ci), transpiracao (E) e deficit de pressao de vapor entre o ar e a folha (DPVfolha-ar)), teor relativo de clorofilas (Chl a, Chl b, Chl total e relacao Chl a/b) e teor de prolina nas folhas. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 5x4, sendo cinco niveis de salinidade e quatro periodos de avaliacao (0, 15, 30 e 45 dias), com 5 repeticoes. Aos 60 dias avaliou-se o efeito dos niveis 0, 150 e 300 mM de NaCl no crescimento, biomassa fresca e seca da parte aerea (caule+folhas) e raiz, trocas gasosas, teor relativo de clorofilas, teor de Na+, K+ e relacao Na+/K+ na parte aerea e raiz, e teor de prolina nas folhas. O delineamento experimental foi DIC, sendo tres niveis de salinidade e cinco repeticoes. Ate os 45 dias a erva-sal apresentou um estimulo do crescimento em todos os niveis de NaCl, sendo 0, 150 e 300 mM de NaCl os que apresentaram maiores valores de altura e diametro do caule. Quanto as trocas gasosas a erva-sal apresentou um periodo adaptativo de 15 dias, seguido de incremento da assimilacao fotossintetica. A erva-sal acumulou mais Na+ que K+, com maior acumulo na parte aerea que na raiz, ate o nivel 300 mM de NaCl, sendo este o nivel de salinidade que proporcionou maior producao de biomassa fresca (46,38 g) e seca (19,69 g) . O aumento da salinidade promoveu acumulo de prolina, cuja maior concentracao (3,11 Êmol g-1 MF) foi verificado no tratamento 600 mM de NaCl. Aos 60 dias o estresse salino nao induziu diferencas significativas no crescimento das plantas, mas promoveu reducao da assimilacao fotossintetica e aumento da concentracao interna de carbono. Apos 60 dias, a erva-sal acumulou Na+ em sua parte aerea, com crescimento e producao de biomassa favorecidas ate o nivel 300 mM de NaCl. O aumento nos niveis de salinidade reduz a assimilacao fotossintetica da erva-sal, mas nao afetou significativamente a producao de clorofilas. Em resposta a salinidade a erva-sal apresenta aumento na concentracao de prolina em suas folhas. Sob salinidade crescente, a erva-sal desenvolve mecanismos fisiologicos e bioquimicos capazes de assegurar seu crescimento, sendo o nivel 300 mM de NaCl o que favorece seu maximo de producao.
22
Van, der Baan Annelize. "The determination of digestibility of Atriplex nummularia cv. De Kock with different techniques." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/25996.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of the study was to determine the digestibility of Atriplex nummularia cv. De Kock, supplemented with three levels (15%, 30%, and 45%) of either maize or barley, using different in vitro techniques. An in vivo digestibility trial was conducted, together with a number of in vitro trials. An important development has been the introduction of biological methods (Jones&Theodorou, 2000). Three digestion techniques that simulate the digestion process are currently available to determine the nutritive value of ruminant feeds: - Digestion with rumen micro-organisms as in the work of Tilley&Terry (1963) or gas method (Menke et al., 1979). Digestion with faeces microorganisms (El Shaer et al., 1987), as an alternative to rumen fluid inoculum.
- Cellulase methods
- In situ incubations of samples in nylon bags in the rumen.
Dissertation (MSc(Agric))--University of Pretoria, 2009.
Animal and Wildlife Sciences
unrestricted
23
Strawbridge, Melanie. "Factors affecting fruit filling in the dioecious saltbush Atriplex amnicola Paul G. Wilson." Thesis, Strawbridge, Melanie (1995) Factors affecting fruit filling in the dioecious saltbush Atriplex amnicola Paul G. Wilson. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 1995. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/51946/.
Full textAbstract:
Secondary salinisation is an increasing problem in Australia. Both native and exotic saltbush (Atriplex) species have been used for rehabilitation and forage production on saline soils, particularly A. amnicola, a species native to north Western Australia, which has very good forage potential. Establishment of saltbush stands is usually by direct sowing of fruits and frequent failure of establishment is due to the very low fruit fill obtained from fruit collected from existing saltbush stands (commonly less than 20%). At present there are very few dedicated seed production stands of Atriplex. In order to establish and manage such stands for maximum seed production, the causes of poor fruit fill must be determined.
Earlier observations showed that fruit fill in A. amnicola declined from 70% to 80% in late winter, to between 20% and 30% prior to harvest in December. Limitation of mineral nutrients to mother plants and of assimilates to developing seeds, and environmental and genotypic influences which may account for this seed abortion, were examined in the field and glasshouse. Although initial observations did not indicate that pollination and fertilisation were major influences on fruit fill, they also were examined to determine to what extent they may limit fruit fill in A. amnicola.
No incompatibility was seen in the diallele crosses made between five male and five female clones of A. amnicola, but pollen supply did limit fruit fill. A 1 to 1 sex ratio was required to optimise fruit fill and yield. Sexual lability of individual plants in a population of A. amnicola caused the population ratio to shift from a ratio of 3 males to 2 females, to a 1 to 1 sex ratio, but the change in sex ratio had no effect on fruit filling.
Seed abortion which may result from nutritional limitations to mother plants and limitations of assimilate to developing seeds, were examined. Addition of nitrogen and phosphorus fertiliser did not improve fruit fill at harvest. This response is not unusual in native Australian plants that are adapted to very low nutrient soils. High levels of fruit pruning (50% and 75%) to reduce competition between sinks for assimilate increased fruit fill by 5%. In unpruned plants, earlier developing fruits in the distal region of stems had higher levels of fruit fill than proximal fruits. By contrast, in the pruned plants, the increase in total fruit fill resulted from increasing proximal fruit fill to the same level as the distal fruits.
The effects of salinity, pH, soil texture and compaction, gravimetric water content and depth of water table were examined for their effects on fruit fill in A. amnicola. Duration of waterlogging was found to be the most significant factor causing seed abortion. Genotypic influences were also very important in determining fruit fill. Of the three female clones tested in the field, one clone had a mean fruit fill of 70% compared to 40% for the others. However, this clonal difference was not maintained under the most severe levels of waterlogging and salinity, indicating that environmental effects were more significant.
To assess further the effects of waterlogging on fruit fill and seed abortion in A. amnicola, a controlled pot experiment was conducted, which aimed to mimic the climatic conditions in the field. Plants were waterlogged for 5 weeks in the middle of winter, for 5 weeks at the onset of spring when temperatures began to rise and for 10 weeks throughout winter and spring. Waterlogging of Atriplex amnicola, for up to ten weeks had no affect on fruit fill. This is in direct contrast with results from the field where waterlogging reduced fill by approximately 15% after 30 days and 70% after 135 days. For all treatments, fruit fill decreased from 50% to 27% in the first five weeks.
This discrepancy between field and controlled experimental results may be due to the conditions of low vapour pressure deficit (VPD) which existed for the controlled experiments. The evapotranspirational demand of A. amnicola under those conditions was such that the effect of waterlogging for 10 weeks was minimal. However, the increased seed abortion seen in the field may have occurred under conditions of high VPD, where evapotranspirational demand was much greater and the waterlogged roots of the plants were unable to take up enough water.
The seed abortion which occurred in the first five weeks was strongly correlated with large rainfall events which may have led to substantial dilution for short periods, of the salt solution used to maintain waterlogging. Lack of available ions to supply the rapid uptake required to maintain turgor may have accounted for the seed abortion.
By contrast to the lack of effects on fruit fill, waterlogging treatment significantly depressed fruit yield. Waterlogging for ten weeks decreased yield to the same extent as the 5 week treatment in early spring. Both treatments decreased yield to a greater extent than waterlogging for 5 weeks during winter. This effect supports the results from the field where yield was reduced by nearly 80% by 135 days of waterlogging.
It is concluded from the present study that the establishment of dedicated seed production plots requires selected female genotypes planted at a 1 to 1 ratio with male genotypes, on mildly saline sites that are not subject to prolonged periods of waterlogging in winter. The interactive effects of VPD, waterlogging and salinity on fruit fill in A. amnicola need to be tested to allow predictions to be made on the quality of seed crops in different seasons.
24
SOUZA, Edivan Rodrigues de. "Fitorremediação de um neossolo flúvico sódico salino de Pernambuco com Atriplex nummularia Lindl." Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 2010. http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/4990.
Full textAbstract:
Submitted by (lucia.rodrigues@ufrpe.br) on 2016-07-06T13:11:51Z
No. of bitstreams: 1
Edivan Rodrigues de Souza (1).pdf: 935002 bytes, checksum: 814ab3406904eb74d9b9815203ca58d6 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-06T13:11:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Edivan Rodrigues de Souza (1).pdf: 935002 bytes, checksum: 814ab3406904eb74d9b9815203ca58d6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-04-26
Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq
Due to environmental and economic impacts of salinity and sodicity in soils, forms of recovery of theses soils contribute to improving the productivity and sustainability of farming systems and techniques for recovering theses soils is phytoremediation, using efficient plants at extracting of salts from soils. This study aims to evaluate the growth, production and extraction of salts by Atriplex nummularia grown on saline-sodic soil under water stress conditions, to compare soil properties before and after their cultivation, and to evaluate the osmotic potential of soil solution and morphoanatomy of vesicular cells accumulation of salts. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse for 134 days, by growing Atriplex nummularia in pots with 20 kg of saline sodic with four levels of soil moisture (35, 55, 75 and 95% of field capacity) with a control (soil without plant). The experiment was performed in a randomized block with eight replications. The height, diameter and yield of dry leaf, stem and root were sensitive to soil moisture, and humidity corresponding to 75 and 95% of field capacity which resulted in better results. The vesicular cells of Atriplex nummularia were sensitive to variations in water content in soil. The variables of the exchangeable cations (Ca2+,Mg2+, K+, sum of bases) and total organic carbon remained stable between the beginning and end of the experiment in all treatments, while Na+ and exchangeable sodium percentage decreased after cultivation of the plant. In the soil solution the dynamics of the elements was evidenced by observing increases in Ca2+ Mg2+, Na+, Cl- and osmotic potential at the end of the cycle. The measurement of osmotic potential can be indicated as a good attribute for evaluating responses to treatments with hidric stress and saline water in plant and soil. The high concentrations of Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, and especially Na+ and Cl- in leaves of Atriplex nummularia, associated with high dry matter production characterizes this species as plant phytoextraction of salts.
Devido aos impactos ambientais e econômicos da salinidade e sodicidade em solos, formas de recuperação desses solos contribuem sobremaneira para a melhoria da produtividade e sustentabilidade dos sistemas agrícolas e uma das técnicas de recuperação destes solos é a fitorremediação, com a utilização de plantas eficientes na extração de sais dos solos. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o crescimento, a produção e extração de sais pela Atriplex nummularia Lindl. cultivada em solo salino sódico sob condições de estresse hídrico, comparar propriedades do solo antes e após seu cultivo, além de avaliar o potencial osmótico da solução do solo e das folhas e analisar a morfoanatomia das células vesiculares acumuladoras de sais. O experimento foi desenvolvido em casa de vegetação durante 134 dias, cultivando-se Atriplex nummularia em vasos com 20 kg de solo salino sódico em quatro níveis de umidade (35, 55, 75 e 95% da capacidade de campo), com um tratamento controle (sem cultivo), montados em blocos casualizados, com oito repetições. A altura, o diâmetro e as produções de massa seca de folha, caule e raiz foram sensíveis à umidade do solo, sendo as umidades correspondentes a 75 e 95% da capacidade de campo as que possibilitaram os melhores resultados. As células vesiculares de Atriplex nummularia foram sensíveis a variações do teor de água no solo. As variáveis do complexo sortivo do solo (Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, soma de bases) e o carbono orgânico total permaneceram estáveis entre o início e final do experimento em todos os tratamentos, enquanto o Na+ e a percentagem de sódio trocável diminuíram após o cultivo da planta. Na solução do solo a dinâmica dos elementos foi evidenciada, observando aumentos de Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, Cl- e potencial osmótico ao final do ciclo. A medida de potencial osmótico pode ser indicada como um bom atributo para avaliar as respostas de tratamentos com estesse hídrico e água salina em planta e solo. As altas concentrações de Ca2+, Mg2+, K+ e, especialmente Na+ e Cl- nas folhas de Atriplex nummularia, associadas à elevada produção de massa seca caracteriza esta espécie como planta fitoextratora de sais.
25
Hunt, Spencer Philip. "Whole-Genome Assembly of Atriplex hortensis L. Using OxfordNanopore Technology with Chromatin-Contact Mapping." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2019. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/8580.
Full textAbstract:
Atriplex hortensis (2n = 2x = 18, 1C genome size ~1.1 gigabases), also known as garden orach, is a highly nutritious, broadleaf annual of the Amaranthaceae-Chenopodiaceae family that has spread from its native Eurasia to other temperate and subtropical environments worldwide. Atriplex is a highly complex and polyphyletic genus of generally halophytic and/or xerophytic plants, some of which have been used as food sources for humans and animals alike. Although there is some literature describing the taxonomy and ecology of orach, there is a lack of genetic and genomic data that would otherwise help elucidate the genetic variation, phylogenetic position, and future potential of this species. Here, we report the assembly of the first highquality, chromosome-scale reference genome for orach cv. ‘Golden’. Sequence data was produced using Oxford Nanopore’s MinION sequencing technology in conjunction with Illumina short-reads and chromatin-contact mapping. Genome assembly was accomplished using the high-noise, single-molecule sequencing assembler, Canu. The genome is enriched for highly repetitive DNA (68%). The Canu assembly combined with the Hi-C chromatin-proximity data yielded a final assembly containing 1,325 scaffolds with a contig N50 of 98.9 Mb and with 94.7% of the assembly represented in the nine largest, chromosome-scale scaffolds. Sixty-eight percent of the genome was classified as highly repetitive DNA, with the most common repetitive elements being Gypsy and Copia-like LTRs. The annotation was completed using MAKER which identified 31,010 gene models and 2,555 tRNA genes. Completeness of the genome was assessed using the Benchmarking Universal Single Copy Orthologs (BUSCO) platform, which quantifies functional gene content using a large core set of highly conserved orthologous genes (COGs). Of the 1,375 plant-specific COGs in the Embryophyta database, 1,330 (96.7%) were identified in the Atriplex assembly. We also report the results of a resequencing panel consisting of 21 accessions which illustrates a high degree of genetic similarity among cultivars and wild material from various locations in North America and Europe. These genome resources provide vital information to better understand orach and facilitate future study and comparison.
26
LEAL, Isaac Gomes. "Utilização de atriplex nummularia e gesso de jazida na fitorremediação de solo salino-sódico." Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 2005. http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/5132.
Full textAbstract:
Submitted by (lucia.rodrigues@ufrpe.br) on 2016-08-01T13:42:33Z
No. of bitstreams: 1
Isaac Gomes Leal.pdf: 364436 bytes, checksum: df547cba6f7f5a24a0d9703117c5407d (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-01T13:42:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Isaac Gomes Leal.pdf: 364436 bytes, checksum: df547cba6f7f5a24a0d9703117c5407d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-08-01
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
The amelioration and use of saline-sodic soils through Atriplex nummularia cropping is economically attractive, especially because such species can be used as forrage crop or in landscape architeture projects. We evaluated the potential of Atriplex nummularia for phytoextraction of Na from a saline-sodic soil irrigated with saline water. Additionally, gypsum was tested for phytoremediation enhancement. The treatments were set up as follows: G0 = No gypsum and G1 = 50% of the regular recommended gypsum dose; Three water classes for irrigation: C1 = 175 μS cm-1; C2 = 500 μS cm-1; C3 = 1500 μS cm-1; and four sampling periods: T1 = 40; T2 = 70; T3 = 100 and T4 = 130 days after A. nummularia transplanting. The results showed that there was a 93%-increase in root dry matter as a result of gypsum application. The Na accumulation in shoots was significant increased at the third (90,1 g kg-1) and fourth (109,7 g kg-1) sampling. Such an effect was hastened owing to gypsum application. For the T3 treatment, Na content in soil decreased 30,75 and 25,78%, with and without gypsum addition. The percentage of exchangeable sodium was alsolower in the T3 treatment either with (19%) or without gypsum (11%). Our results indicate that A. Nummularia is a Na accumulator species. Gypsum was effective as a phytoextraction enhancer. A. nummularia irrigation aiming at Na phytoremediation can be implemented with saline waters ranging from 175 to 1500 uS cm-1.
Atriplex nummularia, apresenta-se como alternativa de uso e recuperação de solos salino-sódicos de baixo custo, podendo servir como suporte forrageiro e folhagem na floricultura e paisagismo. Com o objetivo de avaliar o potencial desta halófita na fitorremediação de solo salino-sódico sob irrigação com águas salinas e verificar o potencial do gesso como potencializador da fitoextração de sódio, foi conduzido um experimento em casa de vegetação, com os sguintes tratamentos: G0 = ausência de aplicação e G1 = 50% da dose recomendada pela necessidade de gesso; três classes de água para irrigação: C1 = 175 μS cm-1; C2 = 500 μS cm-1; C3 = 1500 μS cm-1; e quatro períodos de coleta: T1 = 40; T2 = 70; T3 = 100 e T4 = 130 dias após o transplantio da A. nummularia. O gesso influenciou significativamente a matéria seca de raiz, apresentando acréscimo de 93 %. O acúmulo de sódio nas folhas foi significativo a partir do terceiro tempo de coleta com valores de 90,1 e 109,7 g kg-1, rspectivamente para T3 e T4. Este efeito foi aumentado em 30 % com a aplicação de gesso. O teor de Na+ no solo foi menor em média 30,75 e 25,78 % a partir de tratamento T3 com e sem gesso respectivamente. A porcentagem de sódio trocávelfoi consideravelmente reduzida a partir do terceiro tempo de coleta, nos solos com e sem adição de gesso, apresentando reduções de 19 e 11 %, respectivamente. Com base nas condições estudadas, pode-se concluir que a Atriplex nummularia comportou-se como planta hiperacumuladora de sódio, possuindo potencial de uso na fitoextração deste elemento no solo. O uso do gesso de jazida promoveu o aumento da capacidade extrativa de sódio do solo pela planta, podendo ser usado como potencializador da fitoextração. A irrigação da A. numularia para uso de fitorremediação pode ser feita com águas salinas na faixa de 175 a 1500 μS cm-1.
27
SANTOS, Monaliza Alves dos. "Recuperação de solo salino-sódico por fitorremediação com Atriplex nummularia ou aplicação de gesso." Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 2012. http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/5281.
Full textAbstract:
Submitted by (lucia.rodrigues@ufrpe.br) on 2016-08-11T13:13:07Z
No. of bitstreams: 1
Monaliza Alves dos Santos.pdf: 1368294 bytes, checksum: 32ddd2504f6d73efbb6cd9776a6bfdc1 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-11T13:13:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Monaliza Alves dos Santos.pdf: 1368294 bytes, checksum: 32ddd2504f6d73efbb6cd9776a6bfdc1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-02
Arid and semi-arid environments may present salty soils, which hamper plant growth, being removed from productive process constituting degradation cores. Under these conditions, glycophyte plants can’t growth because high levels of salts hinder their metabolism, however, for halophytes this is favorable environment and these plants may represent a key to soil reclamation, extracting salts in the vegetable material produced by phytoremediation technique. The study was conducted in a saline sodic INCEPTISOL from the Cachoeira II Irrigation Perimeter, Serra Talhada (PE), with the objective of evaluating changes in soil physical and chemical properties when under cultivation with the halophyte Atriplex nummularia Lindl, compared with chemical correction with gypsum, and plant growth and production monitoring under two spacing in the pruning management every six months. Samples were taken every six months, with four soil samples (0, 6, 12 and 18 months) and three cuts in the plant 50 cm from the ground surface (6, 12 and 18 months) measuring the material produced at each pruning.The experimental design was randomized blocks, four treatments were evaluated: control (no soil management), chemical correction with gypsum (no crop) and two Atriplex nummularia cultivation, one at 1 x 1 m spacing and other at 2 x 2 m spacing, with four replications. The results of soil chemical and physical analysis revealed the contribution of gypsum application and especially the cultivation of atriplex plants in reducing the problems of salinity-sodicity and improving soil physical properties. The biometric analysis and plant tissue showed the Atriplex nummularia potential for phytoremediation, with emphasis on the 1 x 1 m spacing which presented as the best recommendation of cultivation with frequent pruning due to higher plant material yield and extraction of salt per planted area.
Ambientes sob clima árido e semiárido podem apresentar solos com elevados teores de sais, que dificultam o desenvolvimento de plantas, sendo retirados do processo produtivo e se constituindo núcleos de degradação. Nestas condições, plantas glicófitas não conseguem vegetar pelos elevados teores de sais, que dificultam seu metabolismo, entretanto, para as plantas halófitas este é um ambiente propício, podendo representar um agente recuperador do solo, com a extração de sais na matéria vegetal produzida, pela técnica da fitorremediação. O trabalho foi desenvolvido em um CAMBISSOLO salino sódico do Perímetro Irrigado Cachoeira II, Serra Talhada (PE), com o objetivo de avaliar as alterações nas propriedades físicas e químicas do solo quando submetido ao cultivo com a halófita Atriplex nummularia Lindl, em comparação com a correção química com gesso; e o monitoramento do crescimento e produção da planta sob dois espaçamentos em manejo de poda a cada seis meses. Realizaram-se amostragens semestrais, com quatro coletas de solo (0, 6, 12 e 18 meses) e três cortes na planta a 50 cm da superfície do solo (6, 12 e 18 meses), mensurando-se o material produzido a cada poda. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi blocos ao acaso, onde foram avaliados quatro tratamentos: o controle (sem nenhum manejo do solo), o de correção química com gesso (sem cultivo) e dois com cultivo de Atriplex nummularia Lindl, (espaçamentos 1 x 1 m e 2 x 2 m), com quatro repetições. Os resultados das análises químicas e físicas do solo revelaram a contribuição da aplicação de gesso e especialmente do cultivo de plantas de atriplex na redução dos problemas de salinidade-sodicidade e na melhoria nas propriedades físicas do solo. As análises biométricas e do tecido vegetal das plantas, evidenciaram o potencial fitorremediador da Atriplex nummularia Lindl, com destaque para as plantas no espaçamento 1 x 1 m, que se apresentou como a melhor recomendação de cultivo com podas frequentes, em função do maior rendimento na produção da matéria vegetal e da extração de sais por área plantada.
28
SILVA, Flaviana Gonçalves da. "Bactérias halotolerantes associadas a plantas de atriplex nummularia L. e sua inoculação em mudas." Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 2014. http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/6148.
Full textAbstract:
Submitted by (edna.saturno@ufrpe.br) on 2016-12-14T18:24:04Z
No. of bitstreams: 1
Flaviana Goncalves da Silva.pdf: 1354445 bytes, checksum: 5abe875dd282d6291759e442aef4933a (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-14T18:24:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Flaviana Goncalves da Silva.pdf: 1354445 bytes, checksum: 5abe875dd282d6291759e442aef4933a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-07-11
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
Salinity is a limiting factor for agriculture and a frequent problem in arid and semi-arid region which rainfall is low and poorly distributed. In these areas most of plants can not grow due soils unprotected and become degraded with time. The use of bacteria with plant growth promoting and tolerance to salt stress may indicate biotechnological alternative that allows the use of plants associated with these microorganisms as inoculants may provide beneficial effects on soil-plant interaction. The cultivation of Atriplex nummularia L. has been conducted in order revegetate soils, promoting the improvement of their physical and chemical properties as a phytoremediation technique of salinized soils. In order to isolate and select bacteria promoter of plant growth associated with Atriplex nummularia L. plants cultivated in two experiments were carried out in the Pernambuco state and evaluated the effects of its inoculation in Atriplex plants grown in greenhouse. The population density of the bacteria was determined and then the same were tested in respect to plant growth promotion in vitro solubilization of inorganic phosphate (SFI), biological nitrogen fixation (BNF), synthesis of indole acetic acid (IAA), exopolysaccharides production (EPS) and quorum sensing molecule. Some bacteria to plant inoculation Atriplex grown in a protected environment were also selected in order to analyses content of chlorophyll a, b and total; stomatal conductance (gs); leaf temperature; green matter, dry and total fractional parts (root, stem and leaf) of plants; content and levels of sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium; total nitrogen, crude protein of leaves and total organic carbon. Through the insulation, it was obtained 107 halotolerant bacterial isolates with positive results to plant growth promotion. Regarding the content of chlorophyll a, b and total, stomatal conductance and crude protein in plants, there was no effect of treatments. Inoculation with halotolerant bacteria and plant growth promoters influenced total nitrogen and total organic carbon in plants of Atriplex. Therefore, there are halotolerant bacteria associated with Atriplex plants able to solubilize inorganic phosphate, N2 fixation, IAA production, EPS and quorum sensing molecule, with the possibility of these micro-organisms contribute positively to plant growth. Bacterial isolates are promising on vegetative and nutritional development of Atriplex. However, it requires further explore the effect of bacterial inoculants associated with halophytes, giving improved conditions for phytoremediation process of salinized soils.
A salinidade constitui um fator limitante à agricultura e tem se tornado um problema frequente em áreas sob clima árido e semiárido, onde as precipitações são reduzidas e mal distribuídas. Nessas áreas, a maioria das plantas não consegue se desenvolver, por isso, os solos ficam desprotegidos e tornam-se degradados com o tempo. A utilização de bactérias promotoras de crescimento vegetal com tolerância ao estresse salino pode indicar alternativa biotecnológica que possibilite o uso de plantas associadas a esses micro-organismos como inoculantes, podendo proporcionar efeitos benéficos na interação solo-planta. O cultivo da Atriplex nummularia L. tem sido realizado com o objetivo de revegetar estes solos, promovendo a melhoria de suas propriedades físicas e químicas, como técnica de fitorremediação de solos afetados por sais. Com isso, objetivou-se isolar e selecionar bactérias promotoras de crescimento vegetal associadas às plantas de Atriplex nummularia L. cultivadas em dois experimentos instalados no estado de Pernambuco e avaliar os efeitos da inoculação destas bactérias em plantas de Atriplex cultivadas em ambiente protegido. Foi determinada a densidade populacional das bactérias e em seguida as mesmas foram testadas quanto às características de promoção de crescimento vegetal in vitro: solubilização de fosfato inorgânico (SFI), fixação biológica de nitrogênio (FBN), síntese de ácido indol acético (AIA), produção de exopolissacarídeo (EPS) e molécula quorum sensing. Foram também selecionadas algumas bactérias para inoculação em plantas de Atriplex cultivadas em ambiente protegido, analisando-se nas plantas, aspectos como teor de clorofila a, b e total; condutância estomática (gs); temperatura foliar; fitomassa verde, seca e total das partes fracionadas (raiz, caule e folha) das plantas; conteúdos e teores de sódio, potássio, cálcio e magnésio; nitrogênio total, proteína bruta de folhas e carbono orgânico total. Por meio do isolamento, foi possível obter 107 isolados bacterianos halotolerantes, com resultados positivos quanto às características de promoção de crescimento vegetal. Em relação ao teor de clorofila a, b e total, condutância estomática e proteína bruta nas plantas, não houve efeito dos tratamentos aplicados. A inoculação com bactérias halotolerantes e promotoras de crescimento vegetal influenciou o nitrogênio total e carbono orgânico total em plantas de Atriplex. Portanto, é possível afirmar que existem bactérias halotolerantes associadas às plantas de Atriplex, capazes de solubilizar fosfato inorgânico; fixar N2; produzir AIA, EPS e molécula quorum sensing, havendo a possibilidade destes micro-organismos, quando associados às plantas, contribuírem de forma positiva em relação à promoção de crescimento vegetal. Os isolados bacterianos são promissores no desenvolvimento vegetativo e nutritivo da Atriplex. No entanto, necessita-se explorar melhor o efeito dos inoculantes bacterianos associados às plantas halófitas, dando condições para melhoria no processo de fitorremediação de solos salinos.
29
Loch, Arellano Bruno Nicolas. "Evaluación del uso de atriplex nummularia con la aplicación de enmiendas húmicas para la fitoestabilización de relaves mineros." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2017. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/146093.
Full textAbstract:
Químico AmbientalLa minería del cobre es una actividad económica muy importante para el país, sin embargo, presenta diversos riesgos ambientales, principalmente asociados a la disposición de relaves mineros. Uno de los métodos utilizados en la remediación de estos relaves es la fitoestabilización, que se enfoca en generar una cobertura vegetal que permita la estabilización y contención del relave. El presente trabajo tiene por objetivo evaluar la capacidad de Atriplex nummularia, en conjunto con las enmiendas orgánicas Perl Humus y compost, para la fitoestabilización de un relave minero de Chile (Tranque de Relaves Ovejería), con respecto a Cu, Mo y S. Para esto se implementó un ensayo en invernadero con macetas con tres sustratos: T1 (relave), T2 (Relave + Perl Humus) y T3 (Relave + compost). La proporción de la enmienda orgánica fue de 5% m/m. El sustrato fue caracterizado para: CE, pH, N, P, K, entre otros. La determinación de biomasa seca de tejido vegetal (aéreo y radicular) y de las concentraciones de Cu, Mo y S, tanto en sustrato como en tejido vegetal, se realizó a los 60 y 120 días. Con estos resultados, se determinó el índice de translocación (Ti) y el factor de bioconcentración (FBC). Al final del ensayo, se encontró que la biomasa aérea y radicular fue mayor en los tratamientos con enmiendas orgánicas, siendo el tratamiento con Perl Humus (T2) en el que se generó la mayor biomasa de tejido aéreo. Las concentraciones de Cu (7,3–10,2 mg kg-1) y Mo (1,0–3,0 mg kg-1) en tejido aéreo de A. nummularia no presentaron niveles tóxicos (Cu>20 mg kg-1; Mo>1 mg kg-1), excepto en el tratamiento con compost (T3), en que los niveles de Mo fueron 10,2 mg kg.1. En cada tratamiento, las concentraciones de S en tejido aéreo (7319–24452 mg kg-1) superan los valores encontrados en suelos agrícolas. En relación con el índice de translocación (Ti), Cu (0,026–0,19), Mo (0,27–1,11) y S (0,25–0,93) mostraron valores menores a 1 en todos los tratamientos, excepto para Mo en relave (T1). Los valores más bajos de Ti fueron para el tratamiento con Perl Humus. Esto indicaría que en este tratamiento A. nummularia presenta una mayor acumulación de Cu, Mo y S en raíz que en los otros tratamientos, propiedad que favorece la fitoestabilización del relave. Respecto al factor de bioconcentración (FBC), en todos los tratamientos y tanto x para tejido aéreo como para raíz, los valores para Cu (0,0059-0,22) y Mo (0,03-0,36) fueron menores a 1 y los valores para S fueron mayores a 1 (9-57,5). Los resultados del factor de bioconcentración indican que el elemento que más se absorbe por el tejido vegetal es S, siendo el tratamiento con Perl Humus en el que se observa la mayor absorción. Mediante el análisis de los resultados, es posible establecer que la adición de enmiendas orgánicas al relave minero aumenta el potencial de fitoestabilización de A. nummularia, respecto a Cu, Mo y S. La enmienda Perl Humus presentó ventajas sobre el compost, principalmente para la acumulación en raíz de Cu y S. Por esto, se podría recomendar el uso de esta especie vegetal ayudada por la enmienda orgánica Perl Humus para la estabilización química de relaves con alto contenido de Cu y S.
Copper mining is a very important economic activity for the country, however, it presents several environmental risks, mainly associated with the disposal of mine tailings. One of the methods used in the remediation of these tailings is the phytostabilization, which focuses on generating a vegetative cap that allows the stabilization and containment of the tailings. The present work aims to evaluate the capacity of Atriplex nummularia, in conjunction with the organic amendments Perl Humus and compost, to achieve the phytostabilization of a Chilean mine tailings (Tranque de Relaves Ovejería), regarding Cu, Mo and S. For this, a greenhouse experiment was implemented with three substrata: T1 (Tailings), T2 (Tailings + Perl Humus) and T3 (Tailings + compost). The proportion of the amendments was 5% w/w. The substrata was characterized for: EC, pH, N, P, K, among others. The determination of dry biomass of vegetal tissue (aerial and root) and the concentration of Cu, Mo and S, both in substrate and in plant tissue, was carried out at 60 and 120 days. With these results, the translocation index (Ti) and the bioconcentration factor (FBC) were determined. At the end of the experiment, it was found that the aerial and root biomass was higher in the treatments with organic amendments, being the treatment with Perl Humus (T2) in which the highest biomass of aerial tissue was generated. The concentration of Cu (7,3–10,2 mg kg-1) and Mo (1,0–3,0 mg kg-1) in aerial tissue of A. nummularia did not present toxic levels (Cu>20 mg kg-1; Mo>1 mg kg-1), except for the treatment with compost (T3), in which the levels of Mo were 10,2 mg kg.1. In each treatment, the concentrations of S in aerial tissue (7319–24452 mg kg-1) excedes the values found in agricultural soils. Regarding the translocation index (Ti), Cu (0,026–0,19), Mo (0,27–1,11) and S (0,25–0,93) showed values lower than 1 in all treatments, except for Mo in tailings (T1). The lowest Ti values were for the Perl Humus treatment. This would indicate that in this treatment A. nummularia presents a higher acumulation of Cu, Mo and S in root than in the other treatments, property that favors the phytostabilization of the tailings. Concerning the bioconcentration factor (FBC), in all the treatments and for both aerial and xii root tissue, the values for Cu (0,0059-0,22) and Mo (0,03-0,36) were less than 1 and the values for S were greater than 1 (9-57,5). The results of the bioconcentration factor indicate that the element that is more absorbed by the plant tissue is S, being the treatment with Perl Humus in which the greater absorption is observed. By analyzing the results it is possible to establish that the adition of organic amendments to the mine tailings increases the phytostabilization potential of A. nummularia, regarding Cu, Mo and S. The amendment Perl Humus showed advantages over compost, mainly for the acumulation of Cu and S in roots. For this reason, the use of this species, aided by the organic amendment Perl Humus, could be recommended for the chemical stabilization of mine tailings with high content of Cu and S.
30
Schwarz, Oliver Christoph. "Beiträge zur Biologie, Chorologie, Ökologie und Taxonomie der neophytischen Melde Atriplex micrantha und verwandter Arten." [S.l. : s.n.], 2004. http://www.bsz-bw.de/cgi-bin/xvms.cgi?SWB11078365.
Full text
31
Queupuan, Colil Millaray Elba. "Evaluación de fitorremediación de suelos contaminados con plomo mediante el cultivo de Atriplex halimus L." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2017. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/152823.
Full textAbstract:
Memoria para optar al título profesional de Ingeniero AgrónomoEn la actualidad, la preocupación por el efecto de los elementos traza metálicos ha ido en aumento debido a su persistencia, a su acumulación progresiva en distintos medios naturales y fundamentalmente, por el efecto tóxico que manifiestan en pequeñas concentraciones, llegando a ocasionar problemas en ecosistemas y en la salud humana. Uno de ellos, el plomo, es uno de los elementos que constituye el grupo de los elementos traza metálicos, no esencial y contaminante ambiental. Para disminuir el impacto de suelos contaminados, se emplea la técnica de fitorremediación que implica la utilización de plantas capaces de contener, extraer o reducir los contaminantes a través de la acción de las raíces y su microflora. Además, complementariamente, se utilizan agentes quelantes, que tienen como propósito aumentar la biodisponibilidad de metales en el suelo. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo aplicar la fitorremediación inducida como estrategia de mitigar la contaminación de suelos por plomo mediante el cultivo de Atriplex halimus L.
32
Vila, Roa Eva Graciela. "Evaluation of Pigments from a Purple Variety of Atriplex hortensis L. for Use in Food Applications." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2018. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/7436.
Full textAbstract:
Atriplex hortensis L., also known as orach, is a leafy vegetable from the Amaranthaceae family, which has historically been consumed as a potherb, like spinach. The brightly colored leaves are a source of high quality protein, but may also be of interest as a potential source of natural food pigments. An aqueous extraction was obtained from the freshly harvested leaves of the'Triple Purple' variety of A. hortensis. The extract was spray-dried into a powder, and individual pigments were analyzed using HPLC and LC-MS. The powder was also included as a color additive in a typical stabilizer/sweetener preparation and mixed into plain yogurt. Two batches of colored yogurt were held under light and dark conditions and tested for pH and color (L*a*b*) every 15 days. A visual sensory panel was performed on days 0, 45, and 90 to evaluate the color acceptance.A total of three types of betacyanins and six types of anthocyanins were tentatively identified by HPLC and/or LC-MS. Orach pigments in yogurt were not stable under full light exposure. The color of samples exposed to light degraded within days. There were statistically significant differences found in L*a*b* scores in the dark treatment, beyond 30 days; but these modest changes in dark-stored samples were not found to be statistically significant in the consumer sensory panel. The tentative identification of both anthocyanins and betacyanins in orach is a novel finding in botanical research, as the literature indicates that these two pigment classes are mutually exclusive. The application of heat during pigment extraction, spray drying, and yogurt color additive preparation, did not appear to appreciably affect stability of orach pigments, indicating that orach extract could be used as a color in different process applications, if protected from light.
33
Brilhante, Jean Carlos de AraÃjo. "ContribuiÃÃo de solutos orgÃnicos e inorgÃnicos no potencial osmÃtico de folhas de atriplex nummularia submetidas ao NaCl, SECA E PEG." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2006. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=2190.
Full textAbstract:
Uma das caracterÃsticas fisiolÃgicas mais importantes das halÃfitas pertencentes ao gÃnero Atriplex à a enorme habilidade de acumular solutos orgÃnicos e inorgÃnicos com o intuito de se ajustar osmoticamente em condiÃÃes de elevada salinidade e deficiÃncia hÃdrica. Contudo estudos compreensivos sobre a contribuiÃÃo relativa desses solutos inorgÃnicos e orgÃnicos no
ajustamento osmÃtico de folhas dessas halÃfitas ainda sÃo poucos explorados na literatura. Esse trabalho pretende pela primeira vez na literatura fazer um estudo detalhado, da participaÃÃo e da contribuiÃÃo relativa da maioria dos solutos orgÃnicos e inorgÃnicos no potencial osmÃtico de folhas de Atriplex nummularia, submetidas a concentraÃÃes crescentes de NaCl, ciclos sucessivos de seca e ao polietileno glicol (PEG). Para responder as questÃes acima mencionadas foram conduzidos trÃs grandes experimentos seqÃenciais. No primeiro experimento, mudas de Atriplex nummularia com quatro meses de idade, foram cultivadas em vasos de argila contendo como
substrato areia, sendo irrigadas a cada dois dias com soluÃÃo contendo concentraÃÃes crescentes de NaCl (0, 100, 200, 300 e 400 mmol L-1) durante 120 dias. O experimento foi realizado em condiÃÃes de casa de vegetaÃÃo. No segundo experimento, mudas de A. nummularia, com idade de 18 meses foram transplantadas para recipientes de polietileno contendo 5.0 kg de vermiculita, em condiÃÃes de casa de vegetaÃÃo, onde foram submetidas aos seguintes tratamentos (Controle; seca; NaCl + seca; NaCl) por trÃs ciclos sucessivos de seca-reidrataÃÃo (3 semanas) seguido de uma recuperaÃÃo no final do Ãltimo ciclo (apÃs 48 h). No terceiro experimento, plÃntulas de A.nummularia, com idade de dois meses foram transplantadas para cultivo hidropÃnico em vasos plÃsticos com capacidade para 0,8 em sala de crescimento sob condiÃÃes controladas onde sofrerÃo um prÃ-condicionamento com ou sem NaCl por duas semanas. ApÃs foram submetidas aos seguintes tratamentos (controle; PEG; NaCl; NaCl + PEG). Em conclusÃo, os resultados da presente investigaÃÃo demonstram que as plantas de Atriplex nummularia foram capazes de manter o seu crescimento mesmo em condiÃÃes de alta salinidade, principalmente pela capacidade de manutenÃÃo de seu status hÃdrico. Os resultados tambÃm sugerem que a GB Ã o maior soluto orgÃnico envolvido com o ajustamento osmÃtico (AO) do citoplasma e que sua acumulaÃÃo parece ser uma resposta adaptativa ao estresse provocado pelo NaCl. Em adiÃÃo, o Ãons salinos Na+ e Cl- contribuÃram para a maioria do AO das folhas submetidas ao NaCl. O impacto relativo do K+ sobre o AO das folhas foi reduzido consideravelmente com o aumento da dose externa de NaCl. Os resultados evidenciam tambÃm que o prÃ-condicionamento com NaCl influenciou positivamente no crescimento de Atriplex nummularia, em condiÃÃes de seca,
evidenciado pelo maior acÃmulo de massa seca e melhor status hÃdrico das folhas. Dentre os solutos inorgÃnicos analisados, o Na+ e o Cl- foram os que mais contribuÃram para a osmorregulaÃÃo das folhas em condiÃÃes de deficiÃncia hÃdrica. Enquanto, GB foi o soluto orgÃnico mostrou o maior percentual de contribuiÃÃo para o potencial osmÃtico. Entretanto os
resultados mostraram que o prÃ-condicionamento das plÃntulas de Atriplex nummularia com NaCl nÃo foram capazes de atenuar os efeitos induzidos pelo PEG.
34
Costa, Tharcilla Isabella Rodrigues [UNESP]. "Qualidade da paleta maturada de cordeiros alimentados com diferentes níveis de feno de erva-sal (Atriplex nummularia)." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/96597.
Full textAbstract:
Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:28:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
Previous issue date: 2011-02-18Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:16:14Z : No. of bitstreams: 1
costa_tir_me_jabo.pdf: 343437 bytes, checksum: 1232a2de695409c232a5bcfe9a0602c2 (MD5)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar o efeito do nível de feno de erva-sal e tempo de maturação sobre as características físicas, químicas e sensoriais da carne de cordeiros Santa Inês. Foram utilizadas 60 paletas de cordeiros machos alimentados com 30, 40, 50 e 60% de feno de erva-sal, que foram embaladas à vácuo e mantidas refrigeradas em temperatura de 0 ± 1 oC por 0, 7 e 14 dias de maturação. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial três × quatro (três tempos de maturação e quatro níveis de feno de erva-sal). Paletas maturadas por um período de 14 dias apresentaram menor teor de umidade (75,94%) e maior teor de proteína bruta (18,19%) quando comparadas as paletas in natura e as maturadas por 7 dias. A inclusão do feno de erva-sal na dieta de cordeiros impediu que ocorresse a rancidez oxidativa durante o processo de maturação por até 14 dias de estocagem. Houve interação (P<0,05) entre nível de feno de erva-sal e tempo de maturação para a luminosidade (L*). Níveis de inclusão do feno de erva-sal elevaram o pH e o teor de vermelho (a*) da carne. A força de cisalhamento, a perda de peso por cozimento e a capacidade de retenção de água não foram influenciados (P>0,05) pelos fatores estudados, apresentando valores médios de 3,06kg/cm2, 37,28% e 76,71% respectivamente. A maturação da carne ovina não alterou a força de cisalhamento, entretanto os provadores avaliaram a carne maturada como mais macia e menos fibrosa
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of level of hay saltbush and aging time on the physical , chemical and sensory quality lamb meat from Santa Ines. We used 60 shoulders of male lambs fed 30, 40, 50 and 60% hay saltbush, which were vacuum packed and kept refrigerated at a temperature of 0 ± 1 oC for 0, 7 and 14 days of aging. The experimental design was completely randomized factorial three × four (three aging times and four levels of hay saltbush). Shoulders aged for a period of 14 days had lower moisture content (75.94%) and higher crude protein content (18.19%) compared with fresh shoulders and aged for 7 days. The inclusion of saltbush hay in the diet of lambs prevented the oxidation occurred during the ripening process for up to 14 days of storage. There was an interaction (P < 0.05) between the level of saltbush hay and aging time for the relative lightness (L *). Inclusion levels of saltbush hay increased the pH and relative redness (a*) of meat. The shear force, weight loss by cooking and water-holding capacity were not affected (P > 0.05) by treatments, showing average values of 3.06 kg/cm2, 37.28% and 76.71% respectively. The aging of the meat that did not alter the shear force, however the panel evaluated meat matured as softer and less fibrous
35
Costa, Tharcilla Isabella Rodrigues. "Qualidade da paleta maturada de cordeiros alimentados com diferentes níveis de feno de erva-sal (Atriplex nummularia) /." Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/96597.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Hirasilva BorbaBanca: Iraides Ferreira Furusho Garcia
Banca: Pedro Alves de Souza
Resumo: Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar o efeito do nível de feno de erva-sal e tempo de maturação sobre as características físicas, químicas e sensoriais da carne de cordeiros Santa Inês. Foram utilizadas 60 paletas de cordeiros machos alimentados com 30, 40, 50 e 60% de feno de erva-sal, que foram embaladas à vácuo e mantidas refrigeradas em temperatura de 0 ± 1 oC por 0, 7 e 14 dias de maturação. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial três × quatro (três tempos de maturação e quatro níveis de feno de erva-sal). Paletas maturadas por um período de 14 dias apresentaram menor teor de umidade (75,94%) e maior teor de proteína bruta (18,19%) quando comparadas as paletas in natura e as maturadas por 7 dias. A inclusão do feno de erva-sal na dieta de cordeiros impediu que ocorresse a rancidez oxidativa durante o processo de maturação por até 14 dias de estocagem. Houve interação (P<0,05) entre nível de feno de erva-sal e tempo de maturação para a luminosidade (L*). Níveis de inclusão do feno de erva-sal elevaram o pH e o teor de vermelho (a*) da carne. A força de cisalhamento, a perda de peso por cozimento e a capacidade de retenção de água não foram influenciados (P>0,05) pelos fatores estudados, apresentando valores médios de 3,06kg/cm2, 37,28% e 76,71% respectivamente. A maturação da carne ovina não alterou a força de cisalhamento, entretanto os provadores avaliaram a carne maturada como mais macia e menos fibrosa
Abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of level of hay saltbush and aging time on the physical , chemical and sensory quality lamb meat from Santa Ines. We used 60 shoulders of male lambs fed 30, 40, 50 and 60% hay saltbush, which were vacuum packed and kept refrigerated at a temperature of 0 ± 1 oC for 0, 7 and 14 days of aging. The experimental design was completely randomized factorial three × four (three aging times and four levels of hay saltbush). Shoulders aged for a period of 14 days had lower moisture content (75.94%) and higher crude protein content (18.19%) compared with fresh shoulders and aged for 7 days. The inclusion of saltbush hay in the diet of lambs prevented the oxidation occurred during the ripening process for up to 14 days of storage. There was an interaction (P < 0.05) between the level of saltbush hay and aging time for the relative lightness (L *). Inclusion levels of saltbush hay increased the pH and relative redness (a*) of meat. The shear force, weight loss by cooking and water-holding capacity were not affected (P > 0.05) by treatments, showing average values of 3.06 kg/cm2, 37.28% and 76.71% respectively. The aging of the meat that did not alter the shear force, however the panel evaluated meat matured as softer and less fibrous
Mestre
36
Galdámez, Roco Elizabeth. "Oportunidades y desafíos para la protección del piedemonte andino de Santiago : una perspectiva desde la gobernanza urbana." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2016. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/151437.
Full textAbstract:
Memoria para optar al Título Profesional de Ingeniero en Recursos Naturales RenovablesLa transformación de las áreas naturales a otros usos o coberturas es una de las alteraciones más importantes que ha provocado el ser humano, pues modifica entre otras cosas, la estructura y funcionamiento de los ecosistemas. Uno de los hechos más relevantes es la expansión de suelo urbano sobre áreas adyacentes a hotspot de biodiversidad. Es el caso de la ciudad de Santiago, que desde mediados de siglo pasado ha crecido sobre el Piedemonte Andino de Santiago. La dicotomía entre la expansión de las ciudades y la protección de estos ecosistemas exige una nueva forma de planificar las ciudades, que requiere comprender que en estas zonas confluyen diversos intereses y se encuentran en constante tensión. El reconocimiento de la complejidad de los actores involucrados conlleva la necesidad de analizar las condiciones actuales de interacción entre los actores que indicen sobre estas áreas naturales. La gobernanza ofrece un marco de análisis acorde a estas necesidades. A partir de este enfoque en la investigación se buscaron oportunidades y desafíos para la protección del Piedemonte analizando los arreglos institucionales formales (leyes, ordenanzas, procedimientos formales, políticas, planes, entre otros), e informales (valores, creencias, pautas de comportamiento, entre otros) mediante las cuales se preparan, adoptan y ejecutan las decisiones en la esfera pública.
37
Hobson, Colin Desmond. "Environmental and socio-economic effects associated with the planting of Atriplex nummularia Lindl. (Oldman saltbush) in the Karoo." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001894.
Full textAbstract:
This study examines the environmental and socio-economic effects associated with the planting of Atriplex nummularia Lindl. (Oldman saltbush) in the karoo. This is the first study of its kind on oldman saltbush and serves as an important scoping exercise in assessing the impact of saltbush on its surrounds and in identifying additional aspects which require investigation. The environmental parameters investigated include microclimatic effects, soil induced changes, salinity effects on the germination of selected karoo species and compositional changes in the indigenous plant community within a saltbush plantation. When compared to indigenous karoo plant species oldman saltbush is found to ameliorate soil temperatures and increase surface soil salinity (specifically sodium chloride), on an individual plant basis. Salinity is shown to have a differential effect on the germination of selected karoo shrubs. The indigenous plant community within a forty year old saltbush plantation is impoverished with both density of individuals and species richness being markedly reduced. Saltbush is identified as an unsuitable nurse plant for the majority of karoo shrubs. Farm size in relation to both actual and intended area established to saltbush is considered. The area of saltbush already established in the karoo is considered too insignificant to have any wide socio-economic impact. Farmers who intend planting large areas of their farms to saltbush are in the minority. It is those farmers who already have some saltbush planted, who intend planting more. Ecologically based management guidelines are presented, suggesting practices which minimize the detrimental effects of saltbush on soil salinity and the indigenous plant community. These guidelines are practical and in keeping with the overall objectives of optimum resource utilisation and the national grazing strategy for South Africa.
38
Watson, Mary Carolyn 1949. "Establishment of native Atriplex species evaluated under a line-source sprinkler irrigation system during the summer and winter." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/283996.
Full textAbstract:
Atriplex canescens (Pursh) Nutt., Atriplex polycarpa (Torr.) Wats., and Atriplex lentiformis (Torr). Wats. have been considered candidate perennial shrubs for revegetation of abandoned farmlands in southern Arizona. Objectives of the 1992-1994 field studies were to investigate the establishment characteristics of populations of these species and to estimate water requirements for establishing transplants and/or seedlings under a line-source sprinkler irrigation system. During the summer on a sandy loam soil, seedling establishment occurred at total water amounts greater than 200 mm but was absent at amounts less than 150 mm The poor stand establishment was attributed to high soil temperatures at 1 to 3-cm depth which were not optimum for seed germination. Transplant survival percentages were greater than 89% except for accessions of A. canescens var. linearis (S. Wats.) Munz, which were affected by rabbit herbivory. Transplants were successfully established by planting into a wet soil profile followed by cumulative precipitation amounts of 60 to 70-mm. Establishing Atriplex taxa during the summer using transplants was more promising than direct-seeding. On a silt loam soil during the 1993 winter, stand establishment was not increased under cumulative precipitation and irrigation amounts greater than 100 mm compared to 66 mm of precipitation. On a clay loam soil during the 1994 winter, supplemental irrigations increased the probability of seedling emergence and stand establishment was higher under total water amounts greater than 100 mm. Differences between years in response to the line-source irrigation gradient were attributed to the number of consecutive days when soil moisture at 1 to 3-m depth was high for optimal seedling emergence. During the winter, plant heights were not affected by total water amounts between 182 to 248-mm (1993) and between 119 to 150-mm (1994), whereas heights were reduced at total water amounts less than 100 nun in 1993, and less than 90 mm for all species in 1994 except A. polycarpa. In southern Arizona where precipitation is erratic in amount and timing, supplemental irrigations may increase the probability of successful seedling establishment of Atriplex shrubs.
39
SANTOS, Karen Cristina Fialho dos. "Atividade biológica e bioprospecção de bactérias associadas à Atriplex nummularia em solos salino sódico no agreste de Pernambuco." Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 2010. http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/5182.
Full textAbstract:
Submitted by (lucia.rodrigues@ufrpe.br) on 2016-08-04T13:10:09Z
No. of bitstreams: 1
Karen Cristina Fialho dos Santos.pdf: 989764 bytes, checksum: 20831bbd6a6bf051ec590c5f66b24703 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-04T13:10:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Karen Cristina Fialho dos Santos.pdf: 989764 bytes, checksum: 20831bbd6a6bf051ec590c5f66b24703 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-05-24
Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq
Soil salinity is a growing problem that has been developed in an uncontrolled manner throughout the world, having as causes: the release of salts from the source material, or excessive irrigation with water of poor quality and high evapotranspiration, which is not account is offset by the low annual rainfall, promoting the degradation of large areas. To the rehabilitation, the use of plants for phytoextraction of soil salts, such as Atriplex nummularia, has proved quite feasible. For species that can grow in extreme environments, such as the Atriplex, symbiotic associations with microorganisms adapted to this environment may contribute to its establishment and effectiveness in extracting salt. Thus, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the biological activity and the organisms in saline sodic soil in the presence or absence of Atriplex nummularia that may contribute to the development of the halophyte species. We studied microorganisms associated with environments with and without plants of A. nummularia deployed in a field experiment in Fluvic Neossoils saline sodic in the city of Pesqueira-PE. Two samples were taken, one in the dry season and another in the rainy season when the soil is completely saturated by water. Soil samples were analyzed for microbial activity and biological bioprospecting by isolating of the bacteria, which were chosen according to the different shapes and colors of the colonies, and also by testing for nitrogen fixation and production of IAA. The results of microbial activity showed that the distance from the root interfere in the general data of carbon and nitrogen of microbial biomass and basal respiration, and the highest values found near the roots of the plant, indicating that the presence of Atriplex tends to promote a increase in soil microbes and also that greater interaction with the roots in dry periods, promotes a benefit to the organisms found on site. The bacterial population studied in all the points collected in both periods was higher in the rhizoplane, reinforcing the strong association of these microorganisms, particularly bacteria with plants of Atriplex. The endophytic bacteria isolated from leaf and root tissues of plants of A. nummularia, even in smaller quantities in relation to population density, were able in two sampling in fix nitrogen and produce IAA in a satisfactory percentage, showing the importance of endophytic bacteria for the development of plants of the species because they may be contributing for the capacity of this plant biomass production in salt affected soils, thus increasing the potential of more species for phytoextraction.
A salinidade dos solos é um problema crescente e que vem se acentuando de forma descontrolada em todo o mundo, tendo como causas: a liberação de sais do material de origem, a irrigação em excesso ou com água de má qualidade e a elevada evapotranspiração, que não é compensada por conta das baixas taxas pluviométricas, promovendo a degradação de extensas áreas. Para a reabilitação, a utilização de plantas fitoextratoras de sais do solo, como a Atriplex nummularia, tem-se mostrado bastante viável. Para espécies que conseguem se desenvolver em ambientes extremos, como é o caso da Atriplex, associações simbióticas com microorganismos adaptados a este ambiente pode colaborar para seu estabelecimento e efetividade na extração de sais. Desta forma, o objetivo do presente trabalho é avaliar a atividade biológica e os organismos presentes em solo salino sódico na presença ou ausência de Atriplex nummularia que possam contribuir para o desenvolvimento desta espécie halófita. Foram estudados microorganismos associados a ambientes com e sem plantas de A. nummularia em experimento de campo implantado em Neossolo Flúvico salino sódico no Município de Pesqueira-PE. Duas amostragens foram realizadas, sendo uma no período seco e outra no período chuvoso, quando o solo se encontra completamente saturado por água. Nas amostras de solo foram realizadas análises da atividade microbiana e bioprospecção biológica através do isolamento das bactérias, que foram escolhidas de acordo com os diferentes formatos e colorações das colônias, e também através de testes para fixação de nitrogênio e produção de AIA. Os resultados da atividade microbiana demonstram que a distância da raiz interfere nos dados gerais de carbono e nitrogênio da biomassa microbiana, bem como da respiração basal, sendo os maiores valores encontrados próximos às raízes da planta, indicando que a presença da Atriplex tende a promover um aumento na microbiota do solo e também que uma maior interação com as raízes, em períodos de seca, promove um benefício aos microrganismos encontrados no local. A densidade populacional bacteriana estudada em todos os pontos nos dois períodos coletados foi maior no rizoplano, reforçando a forte associação destes microrganismos, em especial, bactérias com plantas de Atriplex. As bactérias endofíticas isoladas dos tecidos da folha e raiz das plantas de A. nummularia, mesmo em menor quantidade em relação à densidade populacional, foram capazes nas duas coletadas realizadas de fixar nitrogênio e produzir AIA em percentuais satisfatórios,mostrando a importância das bactérias endofíticas para o bom desenvolvimento das plantas da espécie pelo fato de que estas podem estar contribuindo para a capacidade de produção de biomassa desta planta em solos afetados por sais, aumentando desta forma a maior capacidade de fitoextração pela espécie.
40
Moura, Edymara Sinthia Rocha de. "Cultivo da erva sal irrigada com rejeito salino sob variação da umidade do solo." Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, 2013. http://bdtd.ufersa.edu.br:80/tede/handle/tede/492.
Full textAbstract:
Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-31T13:24:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
EdymaraSRM_DISSERT.pdf: 1076092 bytes, checksum: 0144c1453af5878d0247ae1b472b4e9c (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2013-03-06Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
Rural communities located in the Brazilian Northeast, especially in semiarid region, live with water shortages resulting from erratic rainfall in this region, resulting in problems with the drinking water supply. The use of groundwater enables of the water supply in many of these communities, but due to the high levels of salts such waters often need to be treat ed in treatment plants by the process of desalination by reverse osmosis, generating apart from potable water, water of high salinity called saline waste of high capacity polluting of the soil and water sources requiring the study of viable alternatives to its deposition in the environment. In this context, this work proposes the cultivation of the halophyte known as herb salt (Atriplex nummularia), on Project of settlement Rural of Good Faith, in Mossoró, RN as an alternative to deposition of saline waste for forage production. The statistical design was a split-plot, being four treatments at the plots, related to levels of soil moisture and having based on the moisture in the Field Capacity (FC) (T1 -100% of FC; T2 85% of FC; T3 70% of FC and T4 50% of FC) and in subplots, two levels of organic manure (Fo: not fertilized and F1: fertilized), with four replications. Were analyzed Variables of growth, yield and quality of forage crop at harvest of material, after three months of cultivation. It was observed that herb salt has good production capacity of fresh matter and drought of herb salt under a level of 85% soil moisture in relation to its field capacity, presenting minimal loss of yield, 5,74% and 3,54%, respectily, and proved to be productive even with the dry soil. The total productivity was 5689,62 kg ha-1 showing its viability for forage production. The quantities of salts extracted were high, mainly for Cl-and Na+, demonstrating the phytoextraction ability of the herb salt, compatibilizing up with the problematic of disposal of waste from desalination, also presented good quality of forage produced
As comunidades rurais situadas no Nordeste brasileiro, em especial na região semiárida, convivem com a escassez de água resultante da irregulari dade das chuvas, acarretando em problemas com o abastecimento de água potável. A utilização de águas subterrâneas permite o abastecimento hídrico em diversas comunidades nordestinas, mas, devido aos elevados níveis de sais, estas águas necessitam muitas vezes ser tratadas em estações de tratamento pelo processo de dessalinização por osmose reversa, gerando além da água potável, uma água de elevada salinidade chamada rejeito salino , de alto poder poluente do solo e de mananciais, sendo necessário o estudo de alternativas viáveis para sua deposição no ambiente. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho propôs cultivar a halófita conhecida como erva sal (Atriplex nummularia), no Projeto de assentamento Rural Boa Fé, em Mossoró-RN, como alternativa à deposição do rejeito salino para a produção de forragem. O delineamento estatístico utilizado foi o de parcelas subdivididas, sendo quatro tratamentos nas parcelas, referentes a níveis de umidade do solo tendo como base a umidade na Capacidade de Campo (CC) (T1 -100% da CC; T2 85% da CC; T3 70% da CC e T4 50% da CC) e nas subparcelas, dois níveis de adubação orgânica (não adubado A0 e adubado A1), com quatro repetições. Foram analisadas variáveis de crescimento, produção, composição mineral do tecido vegetal e a qualidade da forragem, após a colheita do material aos três meses de cultivo. Observou-se que a erva sal possui boa capacidade de produção de matéria fresca e seca total sob um nível de 85% de umidade do solo em relação à sua capacidade de campo, apresentando mínimas perdas de rendimento, de 5,74% e 3,54%, respectivamente , mastambém se mostrou produtiva mesmo com o solo mais seco. A produtividade total de matéria fresca para o tratamento testemunha foi de 5689,62 kg ha-1 mostrando sua viabilidade para a produção de forragem. As quantidades de sais extraídos pela erva sal do solo foram elevadas, principalmente, para o Cl-e o Na+, evidenciando a capacidade fito -extratora da erva sal, compatibilizando-se com a problemática da deposição do rejeito da dessalinização, além de ter apresentado boa qualidade da forragem produzida
41
Nobbs, J. M. "The distribution and abundance of nematodes (especially the plant parasites) in the arid region of South Australia /." Title page, contents and summary only, 1987. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phn744.pdf.
Full text
42
Gacitúa, Fefer Camila Paz. "Propiedades químicas de suelo en líneas de piedra con Atriplex nummularia Lindl. y aplicación de estiércol de caprino en una ladera degradada de la Región de Coquimbo." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2017. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/152810.
Full textAbstract:
Memoria para optar al Título Profesional de Ingeniera AgrónomaEl presente estudio busca evaluar los eventuales cambios en las propiedades químicas de un suelo en condición de ladera con severos signos de degradación, sometido a un sistema de cosecha de agua de lluvia (líneas de piedra). Durante el año 2011, se construyeron 3 líneas de piedra junto con el establecimiento de Atriplex nummularia Lindl. y aplicación de estiércol de caprino (4 Mg ha-1). Para dos temporadas, 2014 y 2015, se evaluaron pH, conductividad eléctrica (CE), materia orgánica (MO) y macronutrientes totales (NPK); además se determinó el crecimiento (altura y masa seca total) y NPK tanto en hoja como en tallo de las plantas. El estiércol en general mostró un aumento significativo pero temporal en el pH, el contenido de MO y NPK evaluados en los suelos. Además, se observaron incrementos de CE en la superficie del suelo, siendo asociados a la caída de las hojas de la planta. Se aprecia un menor crecimiento de A. nummularia bajo la línea de piedra y, aunque sin diferencias significativas, el crecimiento fue levemente mayor en el tratamiento con estiércol animal, al igual que para los NPK medidos en la planta. El mayor crecimiento vegetal sobre la línea de piedra, contribuye directamente a la protección del suelo contra los procesos de erosión dominantes. Además, la incorporación del estiércol de caprino generó un mejoramiento en las propiedades químicas de suelo evaluadas, pero su efecto al ser temporal determina que es necesario considerar un plan de aplicaciones periódicas para obtener un efecto prolongado en el tiempo.
43
Peña, Gómez Carolina Anahi. "Caracterización y evaluación de los objetivos de forestación de las plantaciones de Atriplex nummularia Lindl. bonificadas mediante D. L. 701 de 1974 en cuatro comunidades agrícolas de la IV Región de Coquimbo." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2006. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/151720.
Full textAbstract:
Memoria para optar al Título Profesional de Ingeniero ForestalLas Comunidades Agrícolas, corresponden a un particular tipo de tenencia de la tierra, donde convive una propiedad común con una individual. Como una alternativa para aumentar la productividad de las praderas, se planteó, en la década de 1970 , la posibilidad de forestar los terrenos degradados por el uso excesivo y destinados al pastoreo del ganado, con especies forrajeras de alto valor nutritivo y palatabilidad para el ganado, aprovechando los beneficios que otorgaba el D.L. 701 de 1974. Así, a partir de 1975 se desarrolló un proceso de forestación en el secano de la IV Región que ha permitido establecer cerca de 60.000 ha de arbustos forrajeros, estableciéndose más de 10.000 ha en terrenos pertenecientes a las denominadas Comunidades Agrícolas.
44
Tadros, Kamal I. "Effects of Grazing Intensity by Sheep on the Production of Atiplex nummularia and Sheep Live Weight in Jordan." DigitalCommons@USU, 1987. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/3585.
Full textAbstract:
Rangelands in Jordan are deteriorated due to a combination of harsh environmental conditions and human misuse. Jordan is importing increasingly large quantities of meat and animal products to meet the demand from its growing population. Sheep are supplementaQ ly fed during the dry season and large quantities of grain supplements are imported every year.
Significant success has been attained in the establishment of Atriplex nummularia lindl. (ATNU) in Jordan. There is, however, a general lack of adequate research to determine if ATNU is effectively utilized by local sheep, to what extent it is utilized and to what extent it tolerates grazing. The objectives of this research were to determine the effects of grazing ATNU at two intensities (moderate and heavy) on subsequent production of ATNU browse, and on sheep live weight.
Results of this research showed that HNU shrubs are grazing tolerant, they are stimulated by grazing to produce more forage than the non-grazed shrubs. When heavily grazed in the fall, they showed greater compensatory growth than moderately grazed shrubs, but the moderately grazed shrubs gave sustained production better than those heavily grazed in both good and bad years.
Sheep grazing ATNU shrubs with native forage (grasses and forbs) in the fall gained more weight at the moderately grazed treatments. The amount of sheep-live-weight gain was positively affected by the amount of food intake per sheep metabolic body weight and inversely affected by the percentage of ATNU browse in the diet. ATNU although less preferred by sheep than grasses and forbs, could probably be used up to 40% of the diet and still maintain sheep live weight.
ATNU is a good source of forage especially during the dry season, it provides (with native grasses and forbs) a high-quality forage and may considerably reduce the amount of costly supplements imported to Jordan.
45
Farrell, Claire. "Leaf-litter and microsite on seedling recruitment in an alley-planted E. sargentii and Atriplex spp. saline agricultural system." University of Western Australia. School of Plant Biology, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0110.
Full textAbstract:
[Truncated abstract] In order to assess the sustainability of mixed plantings on saline land, this thesis examined the importance of leaf-litter trapping and microsites on recruitment in a salt affected alley-belted (tree/shrub) agricultural system in Western Australia. Located in the low rainfall region (MAR <330 mm) of the wheatbelt, the 60 ha site consists of concentric rows of Eucalyptus sargentii trees with mounded (6 - 11 cm high) 10 -15 m inter-rows of Atriplex spp. Sustainability of this system and fulfilment of productive and ameliorative functions is dependant on successful recruitment (perennials). Although the present study site was conducted on farmland in a Mediterranean-type climate, low annual rainfall and spatial arrangement of perennial shrubs and trees, allow useful comparisons to be made with naturally occurring banded semi-arid systems and vice-versa. Of key interest were leaf-litter redistribution and trapping by tree and shrub rows and whether litter-cover/microsites facilitated/interfered with seedling recruitment (establishment, growth and survival). Litter from the tree row, redistributed by prevailing winds and rain, accumulated adjacent to saltbush seeding mounds, creating a mosaic of bare and littered areas across the site (total litter 10 t/ha over 22 months). Accumulated litter was hypothesized to differentially influence seasonal soil abiotic parameters (depending on litter-cover density) including; salinity, water availability, infiltration rates, water repellency and temperature. These abiotic conditions were also hypothesized to vary between tree and shrub microsites. Biotically, recruitment at this site was also hypothesized to be determined by interactions (positive and negative) between perennial components and understorey annuals/perennial seedlings. Accumulation of litter and resultant heterogeneity was influenced by shrub morphology, microtopography, wind direction and distance from litter source, with increased litter on the leeward sides of hemispherical Atriplex undulata shrubs and shrubs closest to tree rows. ... The importance of tree/shrub microsites varied seasonally, with no influence in winter due to moderate temperatures and increased water availability. In warmer months saltbush mid-row microsites were most favourable for seedling recruitment due to moderate litter-cover; reducing salinity, temperatures and increasing infiltration; and reduced root-competition/shading by the tree row. Tree microsites also directly inhibited seedling recruitment through increased salinities and water repellency. However, trees also indirectly facilitated recruitment in adjacent areas through provision of leaf-litter. As litter-trapping and recruitment patterns at this site mirror those found in semi-arid natural and artificial systems, the results of this study provide useful insights into creating appropriate mimics of low rainfall natural banded woodland and chenopod shrublands. Saltbush seeding mounds, shrub morphology and litter were key components for litter trapping and recruitment heterogeneity at this site. In this tree/shrub alley planting, where litter quantities directly influence vegetation cover densities, future saline plantings need to consider appropriate tree/shrub row spacings and orientation for efficient resource (seeds, litter and water) capture.
46
Tavera, Quiroz Humberto Carlos. "Potencial fitoremediador da Atriplex nummularia em solos salinizados e sodificados pelo reúso de efluentes de esgotos tratados na agricultura." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/18977.
Full textAbstract:
O reúso de efluentes de esgotos domésticos na irrigação de culturas representa uma alternativa adequada na gestão dos recursos hídricos devido ao fornecimento de nutrientes e água em quantidades suficientes para o desenvolvimento das culturas, porém, também pode introduz impactos negativos ao solo, em parte, potencializados pela irrigação contínua ao longo do tempo. O maior efeito está relacionado com o aumento da salinidade e sodicidade. Uma alternativa para mitigar este impacto, é o uso de espécies vegetais extratoras e acumuladoras de sais que estão presentes no solo. Neste trabalho avaliaram-se as alterações nas propriedades químicas de um planossolo (disposto em 36 vasos, 18 isolados da chuva e dos ventos e 18 expostos a eventos climáticos) irrigado durante dois meses (junho-julho) com efluente de esgoto tratado por um reator UASB + lagoa de polimento. Posteriormente, avaliou-se o desempenho da espécie halófita Atriplex nummularia na remoção de sais e cátions acumulados no substrato (agosto 2008 – fevereiro 2009), monitorando o comportamento da condutividade elétrica, sódio, potássio, cálcio, magnésio e pH (no extrato do solo) e pH, condutividade elétrica e sódio trocável no percolado dos vasos. Durante a fitorremediação, foram aplicados além do efluente utilizado na etapa anterior (tratamento 3), efluente de um sistema UASB (tratamento 2) e água potável (tratamento 1). Também foi avaliado o comportamento das características físicas do solo mediante a determinação das curvas de retenção de água no inicio e final do experimento. A irrigação com o efluente do sistema UASB + lagoa de polimento incrementou significativamente o teor de sódio ao mesmo tempo em que diminuiu as concentrações de cálcio e magnésio; incrementando em até 30 % o percentual de sódio trocável (PST), indicando a sodificação da camada superficial (0-20 cm) dos substratos. O pH e a condutividade elétrica (indicadores da salinidade do solo quando atingem valores inferiores a 8,5 e superiores a 4 dS m-1, respectivamente) aumentaram sem atingir valores críticos. As condições de maior acumulação de sais e cátions apresentaram-se nos vasos que não estiveram expostos às variáveis climáticas. Com respeito à etapa de fitorremediação, as eficiências na remoção de sódio estiveram acima de 85% (em ausência de chuva) e fora da estufa valores entre 30 – 45% para os tratamentos 2 e 3 e acima de 80% para o tratamento 1. Resultados que mostram o melhor desenvolvimento da planta na ausência de chuvas e ventos fortes. Já os efeitos sobre as características físicas das amostras não foram estatisticamente significativos (α = 0.01), provavelmente pelo curto tempo de duração do experimento. Os resultados em geral, evidenciaram o potencial da Atriplex nummularia na fitorremediação de solos irrigados com efluentes de esgotos tratados.Wastewater reuse in crops irrigation represents a good alternative in the water resources management because it supplies nutrients and water in sufficient amount to guarantee the growing of cultures, but also can affects negatively the soil due to the constant irrigation along time. The worst effect is related to the increase of the soil salinity and sodium content. An option to mitigate this effect is to use varieties of vegetable species that can extract or accumulate salt. This study researched the changes in the chemical properties of a Plano soil (distributed in 36 pots, 18 protected of rains and winds and 18 exposed them), irrigated over two months (June – July) with secondary treated wastewater from an anaerobic reactor/maturation pond. Besides that, it was studied the performance of the halophyte Atriplex nummularia in removing salts and cations accumulated in the soil (August 2008 – February 2009), by measuring from the soil extract samples: the behavior of electrical conductivity, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium and pH; and from the pots leachate: pH, electrical conductivity and exchangeable sodium. During the phytoremediation process, besides the wastewater effluent used in the first stage (treatment 3), there were also applied wastewater effluent from an UASB reactor (treatment 2) and potable water (treatment 1). Also, it was studied the behavior of soil´s physicals characteristic measuring water retention curves at the beginning and end of the experiment. Irrigation with the secondary treated wastewater from an anaerobic reactor/maturation pond increased significantly soil’s sodium concentration, and simultaneously, it decreased calcium and magnesium concentrations in the soil; augmenting the Exchangeable Sodium Percentages (ESP), thus indicating the sodification of soil superficial layer (0 – 20 cm). The values of pH and electrical conductivity (soil salinity indicators when reaching values below 8,5 and over 4 dS m-1, respectively) increased, but did not reached critical values. The pots not exposed to environmental conditions presented greater salts and cations concentrations accumulated on top soil. Phytoremediation stage efficiencies were higher than 85% (in the absence of rain) and between 30 and 45% (in the presence of rain) for applied treatments 2 and 3, respectively; and more than 80% for the applied treatment 1. These results showed that the plant performance is better in the absence of rain and strong winds. The changes on the physical characteristics were statistically non-significant (α = 0.01), probably because of the short duration of the experiment. The results in general, showed the potential of the Atriplex nummularia in phytoremediation processes of wastewater-irrigated soils.
47
Brilhante, Jean Carlos de Araújo. "Contribuição de solutos orgânicos e inorgânicos no potencial osmótico de folhas de atriplex nummularia submetidas ao NaCl, SECA E PEG." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2006. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/8478.
Full textAbstract:
BRILHANTE, J. C. A. Contribuição de solutos orgânicos e inorgânicos no potencial osmótico de folhas de atriplex nummularia submetidas ao NaCl, SECA E PEG. 2006. 195 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Agronomia/Fitotecnia) - Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 2006.Submitted by Francisco Lacerda (lacerda@ufc.br) on 2014-07-15T19:39:06Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2006_dis_jcabrilhante.pdf: 1463347 bytes, checksum: 7f27bb350d9b7a07d32ec4ecef65c90f (MD5)
Approved for entry into archive by José Jairo Viana de Sousa(jairo@ufc.br) on 2014-07-16T20:06:44Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2006_dis_jcabrilhante.pdf: 1463347 bytes, checksum: 7f27bb350d9b7a07d32ec4ecef65c90f (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-16T20:06:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2006_dis_jcabrilhante.pdf: 1463347 bytes, checksum: 7f27bb350d9b7a07d32ec4ecef65c90f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006
Uma das características fisiológicas mais importantes das halófitas pertencentes ao gênero Atriplex é a enorme habilidade de acumular solutos orgânicos e inorgânicos com o intuito de se ajustar osmoticamente em condições de elevada salinidade e deficiência hídrica. Contudo estudos compreensivos sobre a contribuição relativa desses solutos inorgânicos e orgânicos no ajustamento osmótico de folhas dessas halófitas ainda são poucos explorados na literatura. Esse trabalho pretende pela primeira vez na literatura fazer um estudo detalhado, da participação e da contribuição relativa da maioria dos solutos orgânicos e inorgânicos no potencial osmótico de folhas de Atriplex nummularia, submetidas a concentrações crescentes de NaCl, ciclos sucessivos de seca e ao polietileno glicol (PEG). Para responder as questões acima mencionadas foram conduzidos três grandes experimentos seqüenciais. No primeiro experimento, mudas de Atriplex nummularia com quatro meses de idade, foram cultivadas em vasos de argila contendo como substrato areia, sendo irrigadas a cada dois dias com solução contendo concentrações crescentes de NaCl (0, 100, 200, 300 e 400 mmol L-1) durante 120 dias. O experimento foi realizado em condições de casa de vegetação. No segundo experimento, mudas de A. nummularia, com idade de 18 meses foram transplantadas para recipientes de polietileno contendo 5.0 kg de vermiculita, em condições de casa de vegetação, onde foram submetidas aos seguintes tratamentos (Controle; seca; NaCl + seca; NaCl) por três ciclos sucessivos de seca-reidratação (3 semanas) seguido de uma recuperação no final do último ciclo (após 48 h). No terceiro experimento, plântulas de A.nummularia, com idade de dois meses foram transplantadas para cultivo hidropônico em vasos plásticos com capacidade para 0,8 em sala de crescimento sob condições controladas onde sofrerão um pré-condicionamento com ou sem NaCl por duas semanas. Após foram submetidas aos seguintes tratamentos (controle; PEG; NaCl; NaCl + PEG). Em conclusão, os resultados da presente investigação demonstram que as plantas de Atriplex nummularia foram capazes de manter o seu crescimento mesmo em condições de alta salinidade, principalmente pela capacidade de manutenção de seu status hídrico. Os resultados também sugerem que a GB é o maior soluto orgânico envolvido com o ajustamento osmótico (AO) do citoplasma e que sua acumulação parece ser uma resposta adaptativa ao estresse provocado pelo NaCl. Em adição, o íons salinos Na+ e Cl- contribuíram para a maioria do AO das folhas submetidas ao NaCl. O impacto relativo do K+ sobre o AO das folhas foi reduzido consideravelmente com o aumento da dose externa de NaCl. Os resultados evidenciam também que o pré-condicionamento com NaCl influenciou positivamente no crescimento de Atriplex nummularia, em condições de seca, evidenciado pelo maior acúmulo de massa seca e melhor status hídrico das folhas. Dentre os solutos inorgânicos analisados, o Na+ e o Cl- foram os que mais contribuíram para a osmorregulação das folhas em condições de deficiência hídrica. Enquanto, GB foi o soluto orgânico mostrou o maior percentual de contribuição para o potencial osmótico. Entretanto os resultados mostraram que o pré-condicionamento das plântulas de Atriplex nummularia com NaCl não foram capazes de atenuar os efeitos induzidos pelo PEG.
48
Du, Toit C. J. L. "Effect of type and level of carbohydrate supplementation on intake and digestibility of Atriplex nummularia cv. De Kock by sheep." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2006. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-07032007-115048.
Full text
49
Al-Tabini, Raed Jazi. "An evaluation of the potential of Atriplex nummularia for sheep production in arid Jordanian rangelands : the effects of defoliation management." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.366537.
Full text
50
Al-Khateeb, Suliman Ali. "Effects of NaCl and Naâ†2SOâ†4 on growth, ion relations, water relations, and gas exchange of two Atriplex species." Thesis, University of Reading, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.363411.
Full text