Journal articles: 'Atomic force microscopy- Nanomaterials'

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Jahan, Nusrat, Hanwei Wang, Shensheng Zhao, Arkajit Dutta, Hsuan-Kai Huang, Yang Zhao, and Yun-Sheng Chen. "Optical force microscopy: combining light with atomic force microscopy for nanomaterial identification." Nanophotonics 8, no. 10 (September 20, 2019): 1659–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2019-0181.

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AbstractScanning probe techniques have evolved significantly in recent years to detect surface morphology of materials down to subnanometer resolution, but without revealing spectroscopic information. In this review, we discuss recent advances in scanning probe techniques that capitalize on light-induced forces for studying nanomaterials down to molecular specificities with nanometer spatial resolution.

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YANG, X. H., Y. F. WANG, A. P. LIU, H. Z. XIN, and J. C. LIU. "STUDIES ON MAGNETIC NANOMATERIALS BY ATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPY WITH HIGH RESOLUTION." Modern Physics Letters B 19, no. 09n10 (April 30, 2005): 469–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984905008396.

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Studies on magnetic nanomaterials by atomic force microscopy (AFM) with high resolution are introduced in this paper. We have developed AFM.IPC-208B to observe the microsurface of magnetic fluid and doped cadmium sulfide (CdS·X) , which are two new types of magnetic nanomaterials. By using scanning tunneling microscope to detect the fluctuation of cantilever, we have obtained AFM three-dimensional images of samples, and analyzed the microstructures of the magnetic materials and their magnetism characteristics.

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Bozec, L., J. de Groot, M. Odlyha, B. Nicholls, and M. A. Horton. "Mineralised tissues as nanomaterials: analysis by atomic force microscopy." IEE Proceedings - Nanobiotechnology 152, no. 5 (2005): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ip-nbt:20050004.

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Qu, Juntian, and Xinyu Liu. "Recent Advances on SEM-Based In Situ Multiphysical Characterization of Nanomaterials." Scanning 2021 (June 9, 2021): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/4426254.

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Functional nanomaterials possess exceptional mechanical, electrical, and optical properties which have significantly benefited their diverse applications to a variety of scientific and engineering problems. In order to fully understand their characteristics and further guide their synthesis and device application, the multiphysical properties of these nanomaterials need to be characterized accurately and efficiently. Among various experimental tools for nanomaterial characterization, scanning electron microscopy- (SEM-) based platforms provide merits of high imaging resolution, accuracy and stability, well-controlled testing conditions, and the compatibility with other high-resolution material characterization techniques (e.g., atomic force microscopy), thus, various SEM-enabled techniques have been well developed for characterizing the multiphysical properties of nanomaterials. In this review, we summarize existing SEM-based platforms for nanomaterial multiphysical (mechanical, electrical, and electromechanical) in situ characterization, outline critical experimental challenges for nanomaterial optical characterization in SEM, and discuss potential demands of the SEM-based platforms to characterizing multiphysical properties of the nanomaterials.

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Saka, Masumi, Hironori Tohmyoh, M. Muraoka, Yang Ju, and K. Sasagawa. "Formation of Metallic Micro/Nanomaterials by Utilizing Migration Phenomena and Techniques for their Applications." Materials Science Forum 614 (March 2009): 3–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.614.3.

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Migration of atoms is presented to be utilized for fabrication of metallic micro/nanomaterials by controlling the phenomenon. Two kinds of migration phenomena are treated; one is electromigration and the other is stress migration. In addition to the formation of micro/nanomaterials, some achievements in enhancing their functions are demonstrated. One is a technique to fabricate nanocoils from the formed Cu nanowires. The others are techniques to weld or cut the micro/nanowires by using Joule heating. Finally, regarding evaluation of mechanical and electrical properties of the micro/nanomaterials, the concentrated-mass cantilever technique in atomic force acoustic microscopy and the four-point atomic force microscope technique are shown to be powerful tools, respectively.

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Stylianou, Andreas. "Atomic Force Microscopy for Collagen-Based Nanobiomaterials." Journal of Nanomaterials 2017 (2017): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/9234627.

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Novel nanobiomaterials are increasingly gaining ground in bioengineering research. Among the numerous biomaterials, collagen-nanobiomaterials, such as collagen thin films, are of great interest since they present a wide range of applications in the fields of biomaterials, tissue engineering, and biomedicine. Collagen type I is the most abundant protein within extracellular matrix and, due to its unique characteristics, is widely used as biomaterial. A thorough characterization of the structure and properties of nanomaterials can be achieved by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). AFM is a very powerful tool which can be used to obtain qualitative or quantitative information without destroying the collagen fibrillar structure. This mini review covers issues related to the use of AFM for studying the structure and mechanical properties of collagen-based nanobiomaterials, collagen-substrate interactions during the formation of collagen thin films, collagen-cells interactions, and the collagen-optical radiation interactions.

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Kim, Kwanlae. "Advances in Atomic Force Microscopy for the Electromechanical Characterization of Piezoelectric and Ferroelectric Nanomaterials." Korean Journal of Metals and Materials 60, no. 9 (September 5, 2022): 629–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3365/kjmm.2022.60.9.629.

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Given the social demand for self-powering wearable electronics, it is necessary to develop composite materials that exhibit both good flexibility and excellent piezoelectric performances. Intensive research on synthesis methods and devising characterization techniques for piezoelectric nanomaterials in various forms has been conducted. In particular, characterization techniques for piezoelectric nanomaterials require different approaches from those for conventional bulk materials. Atomic force microscopy (AFM)-based characterization techniques work based on the local physical interactions between the AFM tip and sample surfaces, making them an irreplaceable tool for studying the electromechanical properties of piezoelectric nanomaterials. Piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM), conductive AFM (C-AFM), and lateral force microscopy (LFM) are three representative AFM-based techniques used to characterize the piezoelectric and ferroelectric properties of nanomaterials. Coupled with the appearance of diverse novel nanomaterials such nanowires, free-standing nanorods, and electrospun nanofibers, AFM-based characterization techniques are becoming freer from artifacts and the need for quantitative measurements. PFM was initially developed to image the microstructures of piezoelectric materials, and well-calibrated techniques designed to realize quantitative measurements have been applied to nanomaterials. In contrast, C-AFM and LFM were initially used to measure the conductivity of diverse materials and the nanotribology of material surfaces. Over the last decade, they have proved their versatility and can now be used to evaluate the direct piezoelectric effect and the mechanical properties of piezoelectric nanomaterials. In these cases, systematic understanding with regard to the measurement principles is required for accurate measurements and analyses. In the present review article, we discuss earlier work in which AFM-based electromechanical characterization techniques were applied to nanomaterials to evaluate piezoelectric and ferroelectric properties. Also discussed is the importance of gaining a comprehensive understanding of the resulting signals.

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Li, Longhai, Xu Zhang, Hongfei Wang, Qian Lang, Haitao Chen, and Lian Liu. "Measurement of Radial Elasticity and Original Height of DNA Duplex Using Tapping-Mode Atomic Force Microscopy." Nanomaterials 9, no. 4 (April 6, 2019): 561. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9040561.

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Atomic force microscopy (AFM) can characterize nanomaterial elasticity. However, some one-dimensional nanomaterials, such as DNA, are too small to locate with an AFM tip because of thermal drift and the nonlinearity of piezoelectric actuators. In this study, we propose a novel approach to address the shortcomings of AFM and obtain the radial Young’s modulus of a DNA duplex. The elastic properties are evaluated by combining physical calculations and measured experimental results. The initial elasticity of the DNA is first assumed; based on tapping-mode scanning images and tip–sample interaction force simulations, the calculated elastic modulus is extracted. By minimizing the error between the assumed and experimental values, the extracted elasticity is assigned as the actual modulus for the material. Furthermore, tapping-mode image scanning avoids the necessity of locating the probe exactly on the target sample. In addition to elasticity measurements, the deformation caused by the tapping force from the AFM tip is compensated and the original height of the DNA is calculated. The results show that the radial compressive Young’s modulus of DNA is 125–150 MPa under a tapping force of 0.5–1.3 nN; its original height is 1.9 nm. This approach can be applied to the measurement of other nanomaterials.

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Fu, Wanyi, and Wen Zhang. "Measurement of the surface hydrophobicity of engineered nanoparticles using an atomic force microscope." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 20, no. 37 (2018): 24434–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8cp04676j.

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HAN, XIAODONG, ZE ZHANG, and ZHONG LIN WANG. "EXPERIMENTAL NANOMECHANICS OF ONE-DIMENSIONAL NANOMATERIALS BY IN SITU MICROSCOPY." Nano 02, no. 05 (October 2007): 249–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793292007000623.

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This paper provides a comprehensive review on the methodological development and technical applications of in situ microscopy, including transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM), developed in the last decade for investigating the structure-mechanical-property relationship of a single one-dimensional nanomaterial, such as nanotube, nanowire and nanobelt. The paper covers both the fundamental methods and detailed applications, including AFM-based static elastic and plastic measurements of a carbon nanotube, external field-induced resonance dynamic measurement of elastic modulus of a nanotube/nanowire, nano-indentation, and in situ plastic deformation process of a nanowire. Details are presented on the elastic property measurements and direct imaging of plastic to superplastic behavior of semiconductor nanowires at atomic resolution, providing quantitative information on the mechanical behavior of nanomaterials. The studies on the Si and SiC nanowires clearly demonstrated their distinct, "unexpected" and superior plastic mechanical properties. Finally, a perspective is given on the future of nanomechanics.

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Wagner, Ryan, Robert J. Moon, and Arvind Raman. "Mechanical properties of cellulose nanomaterials studied by contact resonance atomic force microscopy." Cellulose 23, no. 2 (February 13, 2016): 1031–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10570-016-0883-4.

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Sosnov, E. A., and A. A. Malygin. "Features of sample preparation and atomic force microscopy study of dispersed nanomaterials." Journal of Surface Investigation. X-ray, Synchrotron and Neutron Techniques 2, no. 5 (October 2008): 699–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1027451008050066.

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Pérez-Piñeiro, Javier, Fernando Sánchez-Cea, Mariana P. Arce, Isabel Lado-Touriño, María Luisa Rojas-Cervantes, María Fuencisla Gilsanz, Darío Gallach-Pérez, Rodrigo Blasco, Niurka Barrios-Bermúdez, and Arisbel Cerpa-Naranjo. "Stability Study of Graphene Oxide-Bovine Serum Albumin Dispersions." Journal of Xenobiotics 13, no. 1 (February 16, 2023): 90–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jox13010008.

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In this work, a stability study of dispersions of graphene oxide and graphene oxide functionalized with polyethylene glycol (PEG) in the presence of bovine serum albumin is carried out. First, a structural characterization of these nanomaterials is performed by scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and ultraviolet visible spectroscopy, comparing the starting nanomaterials with the nanomaterials in contact with the biological material, i.e., bovine fetal serum. The different experiments were performed at different concentrations of nanomaterial (0.125–0.5 mg/mL) and BSA (0.01–0.04 mg/mL), at different incubation times (5–360 min), with and without PEG, and at different temperatures (25–40 °C). The SEM results show that BSA is adsorbed on the surface of the graphene oxide nanomaterial. Using UV-Vis spectrophotometry, the characteristic absorption peaks of BSA are observed at 210 and 280 nm, corroborating that the protein has been adsorbed. When the time increases, the BSA protein can be detached from the nanomaterial due to a desorption process. The stability of the dispersions is reached at a pH between 7 and 9. The dispersions behave like a Newtonian fluid with viscosity values between 1.1 and 1.5 mPa·s at a temperature range of 25 to 40 °C. The viscosity values decrease as the temperature increases.

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Cao, Yang, Wenwen Zhang, Pengfei Yang, Liping Zhang, Lili Li, Xin Zhao, Jinke Li, Xuezheng Ma, Ruijin Ping, and Kongxin Hu. "Immunogold Nanoparticles Recognition imaging by Direct Atomic Force Microscopy." Journal of Applied Virology 6, no. 4 (February 25, 2018): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.21092/jav.v6i4.95.

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<p>We have developed a method that integrated the widely used nanogold immunoassay into direct atomic force microscopy (AFM) imaging and provided a specific morphological technique applying for virus identification. The series of specimens including bare gold particles (Au), antibody-conjugated gold particles (Au-Ab), purified influenza virions (H1N1), antibody-bound virions (H1N1-Ab) and virion-immunogold complex (H1N1- Ab-Au) were investigated by AFM and transmission electron microscopy stepwisely and parallelly. The recognition method of the immuno-AFM technique was constructed by taking the local phase contrast in phase image as main judgment for the existence of immunogold labels and taking the height and amplitude images as auxiliary judgment for viral morphology and positioning. The nanogold-antibody conjugates binding to the H1N1 virions were clearly identified as higher brightness spots from the background biomaterials. Under direct AFM, the topographical image of the scanned biosamples can be easily investigated and reproduced. Our findings achieved the combination of virus morphological features with antibody-antigen specific recognition through the application of antibody-specific nanogold labels and, in principle, the labels for immuno-AFM could be extended to other types of nanomaterials for bio-recognition and localization assay.</p>

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Zeng, Guanghong, Kai Dirscherl, and Jørgen Garnæs. "Toward Accurate Quantitative Elasticity Mapping of Rigid Nanomaterials by Atomic Force Microscopy: Effect of Acquisition Frequency, Loading Force, and Tip Geometry." Nanomaterials 8, no. 8 (August 14, 2018): 616. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano8080616.

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Atomic force microscopy (AFM) has emerged as a popular tool for the mechanical mapping of soft nanomaterials due to its high spatial and force resolution. Its applications in rigid nanomaterials, however, have been underexplored. In this work, we studied elasticity mapping of common rigid materials by AFM, with a focus on factors that affect the accuracy of elasticity measurements. We demonstrated the advantages in speed and noise level by using high frequency mechanical mapping compared to the classical force volume mapping. We studied loading force dependency, and observed a consistent pattern on all materials, where measured elasticity increased with loading force before stabilizing. Tip radius was found to have a major impact on the accuracy of measured elasticity. The blunt tip with 200 nm radius measured elasticity with deviation from nominal values up to 13% in different materials, in contrast to 122% by the sharp tip with 40 nm radius. Plastic deformation is believed to be the major reason for this difference. Sharp tips, however, still hold advantages in resolution and imaging capability for nanomaterials.

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Zhang, Wen, Joseph Hughes, and Yongsheng Chen. "Impacts of Hematite Nanoparticle Exposure on Biomechanical, Adhesive, and Surface Electrical Properties of Escherichia coli Cells." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 78, no. 11 (March 30, 2012): 3905–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00193-12.

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ABSTRACTDespite a wealth of studies examining the toxicity of engineered nanomaterials, current knowledge on their cytotoxic mechanisms (particularly from a physical perspective) remains limited. In this work, we imaged and quantitatively characterized the biomechanical (hardness and elasticity), adhesive, and surface electrical properties ofEscherichia colicells with and without exposure to hematite nanoparticles (NPs) in an effort to advance our understanding of the cytotoxic impacts of nanomaterials. Both scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) showed thatE. colicells had noticeable deformation with hematite treatment for 45 min with a statistical significance. The hematite-treated cells became significantly harder or stiffer than untreated ones, as evidenced by indentation and spring constant measurements. The average indentation of the hematite-treatedE. colicells was 120 nm, which is significantly lower (P< 0.01) than that of the untreated cells (approximately 400 nm). The spring constant of hematite-treatedE. colicells (0.28 ± 0.11 nN/nm) was about 20 times higher than that of untreated ones (0.01 ± 0.01 nN/nm). The zeta potential ofE. colicells, measured by dynamic light scattering (DLS), was shown to shift from −4 ± 2 mV to −27 ± 8 mV with progressive surface adsorption of hematite NPs, a finding which is consistent with the local surface potential measured by Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM). Overall, the reported findings quantitatively revealed the adverse impacts of nanomaterial exposure on physical properties of bacterial cells and should provide insight into the toxicity mechanisms of nanomaterials.

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Zhao, Minji, Bo Tong, Yasuhiro Kimura, Yuhki Toku, Yasuyuki Morita, and Yang Ju. "Quantitative evaluation of local permittivity of semiconductor nanomaterials using microwave atomic force microscopy." Applied Physics Letters 118, no. 19 (May 10, 2021): 193103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0049619.

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Winterauer, Dominik J., Daniel Funes-Hernando, Jean-Luc Duvail, Saïd Moussaoui, Tim Batten, and Bernard Humbert. "Sub-Micron Spatial Resolution in Far-Field Raman Imaging Using Positivity-Constrained Super-Resolution." Applied Spectroscopy 73, no. 8 (March 27, 2019): 902–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003702819832355.

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Raman microscopy is a valuable tool for detecting physical and chemical properties of a sample material. When probing nanomaterials or nanocomposites the spatial resolution of Raman microscopy is not always adequate as it is limited by the optical diffraction limit. Numerical post-processing with super-resolution algorithms provides a means to enhance resolution and can be straightforwardly applied. The aim of this work is to present interior point least squares (IPLS) as a powerful tool for super-resolution in Raman imaging through constrained optimization. IPLS’s potential for super-resolution is illustrated on numerically generated test images. Its resolving power is demonstrated on Raman spectroscopic data of a polymer nanowire sample. Comparison to atomic force microscopy data of the same sample substantiates that the presented method is a promising technique for analyzing nanomaterial samples.

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Tomić Luketić, Kristina, Juraj Hanžek, Catalina G. Mihalcea, Pavo Dubček, Andreja Gajović, Zdravko Siketić, Milko Jakšić, Corneliu Ghica, and Marko Karlušić. "Charge State Effects in Swift-Heavy-Ion-Irradiated Nanomaterials." Crystals 12, no. 6 (June 19, 2022): 865. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst12060865.

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The aim of this experimental work was to investigate the influence of the ion beam charge state on damage production in nanomaterials. To achieve this, we employed Raman spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy to investigate nanomaterials irradiated by a 23 MeV I beam. We found a significant influence of the ion charge state on damage production in monolayer graphene, but found no evidence of this effect in bilayer and trilayer graphene, nor in graphite. Furthermore, we found no evidence of this effect in CaF2 and SiO2 nanocrystals irradiated with the same ion beam.

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Bretšnajdrová, Edita, Ladislav Svoboda, and Jiří Zelenka. "Determination of Particle Shape and Size Distribution of Model Types of Nanomaterials." Journal of Electrical Engineering 61, no. 5 (September 1, 2010): 302–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10187-011-0046-z.

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Determination of Particle Shape and Size Distribution of Model Types of Nanomaterials At present, great attention is given to study of preparation and properties of various nanomaterials usable in many applications. They are utilized in varied fields of human activity - eg in electronics, medicine, paint industry etc. Besides the detailed chemical structure, such nanoparticle properties as the shape and size distribution are fundamental to the given application. To measure these parameters various methods are used, e.g. transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), acoustic spectrometry, methods based on the light scattering and X-ray disc centrifuge system.

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Yang, Yijun, and Kwanlae Kim. "Dependency of Conductive Atomic Force Microscopy and Lateral Force Microscopy Signals on Scan Parameters for Zinc Oxide Nanorods." Korean Journal of Metals and Materials 60, no. 2 (February 5, 2022): 149–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3365/kjmm.2022.60.2.149.

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Conductive atomic force microscopy (C-AFM) is one of the most commonly used characterization techniques for piezoelectric one-dimensional nanomaterials. However, a comprehensive understanding of the effects of certain scan parameters on the C-AFM signals remains elusive. In the present work, the dependency of C-AFM signals on the normal force, scan speed, and Z scanner feedback gain was studied in conjunction with lateral force microscopy (LFM) signals. As the normal force increased, the C-AFM and the LFM signals increased for the following two possible reasons. When larger normal force was applied, ZnO nanorods were more effectively deflected, intensifying the piezoelectric effect. Additionally, the triboelectric effect was enhanced via the increased force of friction between the AFM tip and the ZnO nanorods. When the scan speed increased to 0.5 Hz, the LFM signals and the C-AFM signals increased owing to the enhanced degree of deflection in the ZnO nanorods. However, when exceeding 0.5 Hz, both the LFM signals and the C-AFM signals started to decrease because the AFM tip did not come into contact with the short ZnO nanorods at a high scan speed. Finally, with an increase in the feedback gain to 0.5, both the LFM signals and the C-AFM signals increased. However, when the feedback gain exceeded 1.0, the Z scanner feedback loop was too sensitive to deflect the ZnO nanorod, considerably reducing the total LFM signals. In contrast, the total C-AFM signal showed only a moderate decrease.

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Sepahvand, R., S. Alihosseini, M. Adeli, and P. Sasanpour. "Fullerene-Gold Core-Shell Structures and Their Self-Assemblies." International Journal of Nanoscience 16, no. 02 (January 24, 2017): 1650029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219581x16500290.

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Hybrid nanomaterials consisting of functionalized fullerene and gold nanoparticle (NP) have been synthesized. Fullerene was functionalized by citric acid and used as reducing and capping agent for preparation of gold NPs. Functionalization of fullerene by use of citric acid was performed by enzymatic and thermal approaches. The core-shell structures containing gold NPs as core and fullerene as shell (gold/fullerene) were prepared. It was found that method and density of functionalization of fullerene effect final structure and therefore their physicochemical property of hybrid nanomaterial dramatically. Ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to analyze the structure of the synthesized hybrid nanomaterial and also study their self-assembly and physicochemical properties. Effect of the size, structure and morphology (e.g., agglomeration) of the synthesized hybrid nanomaterial on their UV-Vis absorption behavior has been also verified by theoretical modeling.

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Pathan, Abrarkhan M., Dhawal H. Agrawal, Pina M. Bhatt, Hitarthi H. Patel, and U. S. Joshi. "Design and Construction of Low Temperature Attachment for Commercial AFM." Solid State Phenomena 209 (November 2013): 137–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.209.137.

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With the rapid advancements in the field of nanoscience and nanotechnology, scanning probe microscopy has become an integral part of a typical R&D lab. Atomic force microscope (AFM) has become a familiar name in this category. The AFM measures the forces acting between a fine tip and a sample. The tip is attached to the free end of a cantilever and is brought very close to a surface. Attractive or repulsive forces resulting from interactions between the tip and the surface will cause a positive or negative bending of the cantilever. The bending is detected by means of a laser beam, which is reflected from the backside of the cantilever. Atomic force microscopy is currently applied to various environments (air, liquid, vacuum) and types of materials such as metal semiconductors, soft biological samples, conductive and non-conductive materials. With this technique size measurements or even manipulations of nano-objects may be performed. An experimental setup has been designed and built such that a commercially available Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) (Nanosurf AG, Easyscan 2) can be operated at cryogenic temperature under vacuum and in a vibration-free environment. The design also takes care of portability and flexibility of AFM i.e. it is very small, light weight and AFM can be used in both ambient and cryogenic conditions. The whole set up was assembled in-house at a fairly low cost. It is used to study the surface structure of nanomaterials. Important perovskite manganite Pr0.7Ca0.3MnO3thin films were studied and results such as morphology, RMS area and line roughness as well as the particle size have been estimated at cryogenic temperature.

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Zhong, Jian, and Juan Yan. "Seeing is believing: atomic force microscopy imaging for nanomaterial research." RSC Advances 6, no. 2 (2016): 1103–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra22186b.

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Cerpa-Naranjo, Arisbel, Javier Pérez-Piñeiro, Pablo Navajas-Chocarro, Mariana P. Arce, Isabel Lado-Touriño, Niurka Barrios-Bermúdez, Rodrigo Moreno, and María Luisa Rojas-Cervantes. "Rheological Properties of Different Graphene Nanomaterials in Biological Media." Materials 15, no. 10 (May 18, 2022): 3593. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15103593.

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Carbon nanomaterials have received increased attention in the last few years due to their potential applications in several areas. In medicine, for example, these nanomaterials could be used as contrast agents, drug transporters, and tissue regenerators or in gene therapy. This makes it necessary to know the behavior of carbon nanomaterials in biological media to assure good fluidity and the absence of deleterious effects on human health. In this work, the rheological characterization of different graphene nanomaterials in fetal bovine serum and other fluids, such as bovine serum albumin and water, is studied using rotational and microfluidic chip rheometry. Graphene oxide, graphene nanoplatelets, and expanded graphene oxide at concentrations between 1 and 3 mg/mL and temperatures in the 25–40 °C range were used. The suspensions were also characterized by transmission and scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy, and the results show a high tendency to aggregation and reveals that there is a protein–nanomaterial interaction. Although rotational rheometry is customarily used, it cannot provide reliable measurements in low viscosity samples, showing an apparent shear thickening, whereas capillary viscometers need transparent samples; therefore, microfluidic technology appears to be a suitable method to measure low viscosity, non-transparent Newtonian fluids, as it is able to determine small variations in viscosity. No significant changes in viscosity are found within the solid concentration range studied but it decreases between 1.1 and 0.6 mPa·s when the temperature raises from 25 to 40 °C.

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Liu, Mei, Weilin Su, Xiangzheng Qin, Kai Cheng, Wei Ding, Li Ma, Ze Cui, et al. "Mechanical/Electrical Characterization of ZnO Nanomaterial Based on AFM/Nanomanipulator Embedded in SEM." Micromachines 12, no. 3 (February 28, 2021): 248. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12030248.

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ZnO nanomaterials have been widely used in micro/nano devices and structure due to special mechanical/electrical properties, and its characterization is still deficient and challenging. In this paper, ZnO nanomaterials, including nanorod and nanowire are characterized by atomic force microscope (AFM) and nanomanipulator embedded in scanning electron microscope (SEM) respectively, which can manipulate and observe simultaneously, and is efficient and cost effective. Surface morphology and mechanical properties were observed by AFM. Results showed that the average Young’s modulus of ZnO nanorods is 1.40 MPa and the average spring rate is 0.08 N/m. Electrical properties were characterized with nanomanipulator, which showed that the ZnO nanomaterial have cut-off characteristics and good schottky contact with the tungsten probes. A two-probe strategy was proposed for piezoelectric property measurement, which is easy to operate and adaptable to multiple nanomaterials. Experiments showed maximum voltage of a single ZnO nanowire is around 0.74 mV. Experiment criteria for ZnO manipulation and characterization were also studied, such as acceleration voltage, operation duration, sample preparation. Our work provides useful references for nanomaterial characterization and also theoretical basis for nanomaterials application.

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PARK, Ji-Yong. "An Investigation of the Electrical Characteristics of Nanomaterials and Nanodevices by Using Atomic Force Microscopy." Physics and High Technology 28, no. 4 (April 30, 2019): 22–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3938/phit.28.015.

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Wang, Yan Qing, Ling Sun, and Bunshi Fugetsu. "Polyelectrolyte-Induced Dispersion of Graphene Sheets in the Hybrid AgCl/PDDA/Graphene Nanocomposites." Advanced Materials Research 663 (February 2013): 357–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.663.357.

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Cationic polyelectrolyte poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA) was used to stabilize graphene sheets in the self-assembly of AgCl/PDDA/Graphene heterostructure. The resultant AgCl/PDDA/Graphene nanocomposites were characterized by Scanning electron microscopy, Atomic force microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results showed that AgCl nanoparticles with sizes of 500 nm uniformly positioned on the PDDA stabilized graphene sheets surface. This work presents a facile and environmentally friendly approach to the synthesis of AgCl/PDDA/Graphene and opens up a new possibility for preparing graphene-based nanomaterials for large-scale applications.

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Ren, Zhe, Francesca Mastropietro, Anton Davydok, Simon Langlais, Marie-Ingrid Richard, Jean-Jacques Furter, Olivier Thomas, et al. "Scanning force microscope forin situnanofocused X-ray diffraction studies." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 21, no. 5 (August 6, 2014): 1128–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600577514014532.

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A compact scanning force microscope has been developed forin situcombination with nanofocused X-ray diffraction techniques at third-generation synchrotron beamlines. Its capabilities are demonstrated on Au nano-islands grown on a sapphire substrate. The newin situdevice allows forin situimaging the sample topography and the crystallinity by recording simultaneously an atomic force microscope (AFM) image and a scanning X-ray diffraction map of the same area. Moreover, a selected Au island can be mechanically deformed using the AFM tip while monitoring the deformation of the atomic lattice by nanofocused X-ray diffraction. Thisin situapproach gives access to the mechanical behavior of nanomaterials.

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Son, Jiyoung, Edgar C. Buck, Shawn L. Riechers, and Xiao-Ying Yu. "Stamping Nanoparticles onto the Electrode for Rapid Electrochemical Analysis in Microfluidics." Micromachines 12, no. 1 (January 6, 2021): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12010060.

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Electrochemical analysis is an efficient way to study various materials. However, nanoparticles are challenging due to the difficulty in fabricating a uniform electrode containing nanoparticles. We developed novel approaches to incorporate nanoparticles as a working electrode (WE) in a three-electrode microfluidic electrochemical cell. Specifically, conductive epoxy was used as a medium for direct application of nanoparticles onto the electrode surface. Three approaches in this work were illustrated, including sequence stamping, mix stamping, and droplet stamping. Shadow masking was used to form the conductive structure in the WE surface on a thin silicon nitride (SiN) membrane. Two types of nanomaterials, namely cerium oxide (CeO2) and graphite, were chosen as representative nanoparticles. The as-fabricated electrodes with attached particles were characterized using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS). Electrochemical analysis was performed to verify the feasibility of these nanoparticles as electrodes. Nanomaterials can be quickly assessed for their electrochemical properties using these new electrode fabrication methods in a microfluidic cell, offering a passport for rapid nanomaterial electrochemical analysis in the future.

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Chuang, Ming-Kai, Fang-Chung Chen, and Chain-Shu Hsu. "Gold Nanoparticle-Graphene Oxide Nanocomposites That Enhance the Device Performance of Polymer Solar Cells." Journal of Nanomaterials 2014 (2014): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/736879.

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Metal nanoparticle-decorated graphene oxides are promising materials for use in various optoelectronic applications because of their unique plasmonic properties. In this paper, a simple, environmentally friendly method for the synthesis of gold nanoparticle-decorated graphene oxide that can be used to improve the efficiency of organic photovoltaic devices (OPVs) is reported. Here, the amino acid glycine is employed as an environmentally friendly reducing reagent for the reduction of gold ions in the graphene oxide solutions. Transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, UV-Vis spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy are used to characterize the material properties of the resulting nanomaterials. Furthermore, these nanocomposites are employed as the anode buffer layer in OPVs to trigger surface plasmonic resonance, which improved the efficiency of the OPVs. The results indicate that such nanomaterials appear to have great potential for application in OPVs.

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Birdeanu, Mihaela, Mirela Vaida, and Eugenia Fagadar-Cosma. "Hydrothermal synthesis of ZnTa2O6, ZnNb2O6, MgTa2O6 and MgNb2O6 pseudo-binary oxide nanomaterials with anticorrosive properties." Manufacturing Review 7 (2020): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/mfreview/2020037.

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ZnTa2O6, ZnNb2O6, MgTa2O6 and MgNb2O6 pseudo-binary oxide nanomaterials were synthesized through the hydrothermal method at 250 °C. Obtained materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction, UV-VIS measurements, field emission-scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy techniques. XRD results show that the single phases of ZnTa2O6, ZnNb2O6, MgTa2O6 and MgNb2O6 pseudo-binary oxides nanomaterials were obtained, no thermal treatment being required. The values for the optical band gap of each material are settled in the range 3.60–3.80 eV. The anticorrosion characteristics of the obtained compounds were also evaluated after deposition on carbon steel in 0.5 M Na2SO4 media by open circuit potential measurements and potentiodynamic polarization technique with Tafel representation. The inhibition efficiency of pseudo-binary oxides deposited on carbon steel electrode was in the range 37–59.17%, promising for improvement of the anticorrosion properties.

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Nesheva, D., A. Petrova, S. Stavrev, Z. Levi, and Z. Aneva. "Thin film semiconductor nanomaterials and nanostructures prepared by physical vapour deposition: An atomic force microscopy study." Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids 68, no. 5-6 (May 2007): 675–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpcs.2007.02.025.

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Platnich, Casey M., Abhinandan Banerjee, Vinayaraj Ozhukil Kollath, Kunal Karan, and Simon Trudel. "Thiol-ene click microcontact printing of gold nanoparticles onto silicon surfaces." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 96, no. 2 (February 2018): 190–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjc-2017-0321.

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We report a novel process to selectively pattern nanomaterials, specifically gold nanoparticles, onto a silicon surface through “click” chemistry, to consistently and efficiently join together small units through a quick and simple reaction. We employed the UV-initiated thiol-ene reaction, which is used in tandem with microcontact printing. Dithiol-capped nanoparticles were used as a printing ink and were grafted onto ene-terminated Si(100) wafers by pressing a nanoparticle-impregnated poly(dimethylsiloxane) stamp, while irradiating with ultraviolet light to activate a radical initiator. The resulting structures were characterized using scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy.

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Ju, Dianming, Ying Zhang, Rui Li, Shuang Liu, Longhai Li, and Haitao Chen. "Mechanism-Independent Manipulation of Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes with Atomic Force Microscopy Tip." Nanomaterials 10, no. 8 (July 30, 2020): 1494. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10081494.

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Atomic force microscopy (AFM) based nanomanipulation can align the orientation and position of individual carbon nanotubes accurately. However, the flexible deformation during the tip manipulation modifies the original shape of these nanotubes, which could affect its electrical properties and reduce the accuracy of AFM nanomanipulation. Thus, we developed a protocol for searching the synergistic parameter combinations to push single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) to maintain their original shape after manipulation as far as possible, without requiring the sample physical properties and the tip-manipulation mechanisms. In the protocol, from a vast search space of manipulating parameters, the differential evolution (DE) algorithm was used to identify the optimal combinations of three parameters rapidly with the DE algorithm and the feedback of the length ratio of SWCNTs before and after manipulation. After optimizing the scale factor F and crossover probability Cr, the values F = 0.4 and Cr = 0.6 were used, and the ratio could reach 0.95 within 5–7 iterations. A parameter region with a higher length ratio was also studied to supply arbitrary pushing parameter combinations for individual manipulation demand. The optimal pushing parameter combination reduces the manipulation trajectory and the tip abrasion, thereby significantly improving the efficiency of tip manipulation for nanowire materials. The protocol for searching the best parameter combinations used in this study can also be extended to manipulate other one-dimensional nanomaterials.

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Muflikhun, Muhammad Akhsin, Alvin Y. Chua, and Gil N. C. Santos. "Structures, Morphological Control, and Antibacterial Performance of Ag/TiO2 Micro-Nanocomposite Materials." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2019 (May 7, 2019): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/9821535.

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Structures, morphological control, and antibacterial activity of silver-titanium dioxide (Ag/TiO2) micro-nanocomposite materials against Staphylococcus aureus are investigated in this study. Horizontal vapor phase growth (HVPG) technique was used to synthesize the Ag/TiO2 micro-nanomaterials, with parameters of growth temperature and baking time. The materials were characterized by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, and atomic force microscope (AFM). The result indicated that the HVPG technique is able to synthesize Ag/TiO2 with many shapes in micro- and nanoscale such as nanoparticles, nanorods, triangular nanomaterials, and nanotubes. The results showed that the shape of micro- and nanocomposites material could be arranged by adjusting the parameters. The results revealed that the nanorods structure were obtained at 1000°C growth temperature and that 8 hours of baking time was ideal for antibacterial application. Treating the S. aureus stock with Ag/TiO2 nanocomposites is able to reduce bacterial growth with a significant result.

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Schaefer, Jens, Christine Schulze, Elena Eva Julianne Marxer, Ulrich Friedrich Schaefer, Wendel Wohlleben, Udo Bakowsky, and Claus-Michael Lehr. "Atomic Force Microscopy and Analytical Ultracentrifugation for Probing Nanomaterial Protein Interactions." ACS Nano 6, no. 6 (May 25, 2012): 4603–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/nn202657q.

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Oke, Isdin. "Nanoscience in nature: cellulose nanocrystals." SURG Journal 3, no. 2 (February 6, 2010): 77–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.21083/surg.v3i2.1132.

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Nanoscience, the study of materials so small that not even light can capture them, seeks to unravel and understand the building blocks of our planet. Nature, perhaps the most talented nanoscientist, has created very remarkable biological nanomaterials including proteins, lipids and polysaccharides. This article will explore a very unique nanomaterial, derived from cellulose, that has received great academic and industrial interest over the last few years. Cellulose nanocrystals are shards of a very common polymer and possess a number of interesting properties including a high aspect ratio and large tension modulus. Cellulose nanocrystal structure can be manipulated during the extraction procedure to control size, degree of crystallinity and surface charge. Furthermore the crystals can be functionalized with surface functional groups, including sulfate esters, and successfully incorporated into polymer matrices. This article will explore physical and chemical extraction procedures, and characterization techniques including atomic force microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction. Finally, the future promise of cellulose nanocrystals will be discussed including potential applications in electronics, materials and medical industries.

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Tepale, Nancy, Víctor V. A. Fernández-Escamilla, Clara Carreon-Alvarez, Valeria J. González-Coronel, Adan Luna-Flores, Alejandra Carreon-Alvarez, and Jacobo Aguilar. "Nanoengineering of Gold Nanoparticles: Green Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications." Crystals 9, no. 12 (November 22, 2019): 612. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst9120612.

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The fundamental aspects of the manufacturing of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are discussed in this review. In particular, attention is devoted to the development of a simple and versatile method for the preparation of these nanoparticles. Eco-friendly synthetic routes, such as wet chemistry and biosynthesis with the aid of polymers, are of particular interest. Polymers can act as reducing and/or capping agents, or as soft templates leading to hybrid nanomaterials. This methodology allows control of the synthesis and stability of nanomaterials with novel properties. Thus, this review focus on a fundamental study of AuNPs properties and different techniques to characterize them, e.g., Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), UV-Visible spectroscopy, Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy, Small-angle X-Ray Scattering (SAXS), and rheology. Recently, AuNPs obtained by “green” synthesis have been applied in catalysis, in medicine, and as antibacterials, sensors, among others.

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Jha, Pankaj Kumar, Watsa Khongnakorn, Chamorn Chawenjkigwanich, Md Shahariar Chowdhury, and Kuaanan Techato. "Eco-Friendly Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanofilter Preparation and Application for Iron Removal." Separations 8, no. 5 (May 19, 2021): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/separations8050068.

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In this paper, the green synthesis of reduced graphene oxide (r-GO) nanomaterials using Callistemon viminalis leaf extract as a reducing and stabilizing agent is reported for the first time. The synthesized r-GO nanomaterials were characterized using UV–Vis, XRD, FE-SEM, TEM, and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analyses. The nanofilter membrane was prepared by varying the amounts of r-GO nanomaterials in a Polysulfone-N,N-dimethyl formamide (DMF) solution. The nanofilter membrane was characterized by the contact angle, atomic force microscopy (AFM), UV–Vis, and FTIR. The results confirm the formation of r-GO nanomaterials. Higher amounts of r-GO nanomaterials in the membrane show a lower contact angle, thus confirming their hydrophilic nature. Iron water filtration was performed with different amounts of r-GO nanomaterials in the membrane filter, and the water flux was smooth over an increased time period. Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) analysis showed a higher percentage of iron rejection (95.77%) when higher amounts (0.10 g) of r-GO nanomaterials were used in a mixed membrane (i.e., sample C). In conclusion, the findings illustrate that Callistemon viminalis mediates the synthesis of r-GO nanomaterials, which is useful in water filtration, and can be incorporated into membrane filters, since it removes iron.

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Li, Jinghao, Qiangu Yan, Xuefeng Zhang, Jilei Zhang, and Zhiyong Cai. "Efficient Conversion of Lignin Waste to High Value Bio-Graphene Oxide Nanomaterials." Polymers 11, no. 4 (April 4, 2019): 623. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11040623.

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Lignin graphene oxide was oxidized after Kraft lignin was graphitized by thermal catalytic conversion. The reduced lignin graphene oxide was derived from lignin graphene oxide through thermal reduction treatment. These Kraft lignin, lignin graphite, lignin graphene oxide, and reduced lignin graphene oxide were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, raman microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. The results showed lignin graphite converted from Kraft lignin had fewer layers with smaller lateral size than natural graphite. Moreover, lignin graphene oxide was successfully produced from lignin graphite by an oxidation reaction with an hour-long reaction time, which has remarkably shorter reaction time than that of graphene oxide made from natural graphite. Meanwhile, this lignin-derived graphene oxide had the same XRD, FTIR and Raman peaks as graphene oxide oxidized from natural graphite. The SEM, TEM, and AFM images showed that this lignin graphene oxide with 1–3 average layers has a smaller lateral size than that of graphene oxide made from natural graphite. Moreover, the lignin graphene oxide can be reduced to reduced lignin graphene oxide to fabricate graphene-based aerogel, wire, and film for some potential applications.

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Deryabin, D. G., A. S. Vasilchenko, E. S. Aleshina, A. S. Tlyagulova, and H. N. Nikiyan. "An investigation into the interaction between carbon-based nanomaterials and Escherichia coli cells using atomic force microscopy." Nanotechnologies in Russia 5, no. 11-12 (December 2010): 857–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1995078010110169.

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Kotsilkov, Stanislav, Evgeni Ivanov, and Nikolay Vitanov. "Release of Graphene and Carbon Nanotubes from Biodegradable Poly(Lactic Acid) Films during Degradation and Combustion: Risk Associated with the End-of-Life of Nanocomposite Food Packaging Materials." Materials 11, no. 12 (November 22, 2018): 2346. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11122346.

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Nanoparticles of graphene and carbon nanotubes are attractive materials for the improvement of mechanical and barrier properties and for the functionality of biodegradable polymers for packaging applications. However, the increase of the manufacture and consumption increases the probability of exposure of humans and the environment to such nanomaterials; this brings up questions about the risks of nanomaterials, since they can be toxic. For a risk assessment, it is crucial to know whether airborne nanoparticles of graphene and carbon nanotubes can be released from nanocomposites into the environment at their end-life, or whether they remain embedded in the matrix. In this work, the release of graphene and carbon nanotubes from the poly(lactic) acid nanocomposite films were studied for the scenarios of: (i) biodegradation of the matrix polymer at the disposal of wastes; and (ii) combustion and fire of nanocomposite wastes. Thermogravimetric analysis in air atmosphere, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were used to verify the release of nanoparticles from nanocomposite films. The three factors model was applied for the quantitative and qualitative risk assessment of the release of graphene and carbon nanotubes from nanocomposite wastes for these scenarios. Safety concern is discussed in respect to the existing regulations for nanowaste stream.

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Parkin, John D., and Georg Hähner. "Contact-free experimental determination of the static flexural spring constant of cantilever sensors using a microfluidic force tool." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 7 (March 30, 2016): 492–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.7.43.

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Micro- and nanocantilevers are employed in atomic force microscopy (AFM) and in micro- and nanoelectromechanical systems (MEMS and NEMS) as sensing elements. They enable nanomechanical measurements, are essential for the characterization of nanomaterials, and form an integral part of many nanoscale devices. Despite the fact that numerous methods described in the literature can be applied to determine the static flexural spring constant of micro- and nanocantilever sensors, experimental techniques that do not require contact between the sensor and a surface at some point during the calibration process are still the exception rather than the rule. We describe a noncontact method using a microfluidic force tool that produces accurate forces and demonstrate that this, in combination with a thermal noise spectrum, can provide the static flexural spring constant for cantilever sensors of different geometric shapes over a wide range of spring constant values (≈0.8–160 N/m).

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Yoosaf, K., Abdelhalim Belbakra, Anna Llanes-Pallas, Davide Bonifazi, and Nicola Armaroli. "Engineering supramolecular photoactive nanomaterials by hydrogen-bonding interactions." Pure and Applied Chemistry 83, no. 4 (March 14, 2011): 899–912. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac-con-10-10-22.

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The photophysical properties of molecules containing anthracene, pyrene, or phenyleneethynylene chromophores bearing complementary triple H-bonding terminal units, namely, 2,6-di(acetylamino)pyridine (donor–acceptor–donor, DAD) and uracyl (acceptor–donor–acceptor, ADA) have been investigated as a function of solvent polarity. For asymmetric systems, presenting only one H-bonding unit, a solvatochromic effect is found, suggesting a charge-transfer character of the lowest electronic excited state. Systematic absorption and emission studies carried out as a function of temperature show that phenylene-ethynylenes having linear geometry and H-bonding functionalities at both ends undergo reversible self-aggregation in cyclohexane (CHX), leading to the formation of spherical nanoparticles, as evidenced by wide-field fluorescence microscopy (WFM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). A combination of an anthracene derivative bearing only one ADA terminal functionality and a linear phenylene-ethynylene derivative possessing two DAD terminal groups in CHX (2:1 molecular ratio) leads to the formation of vesicular nanostructures. The interaction of linear phenylene-ethynylenes possessing two terminal 2,6-di(acetylamino)pyridine functionalities with that bearing bis uracylic units gives origin to nanofibers, while the assembly of the former with bisuracylic units exhibiting bent geometry leads to the formation of helical nanofibers. The length of these fibers can be controlled by addition of the anthracene derivative having only one uracyl group which effectively blocks the extent of H-bonding, prompting the formation of shorter nanorods.

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Khdr, Noor Fakher, Baida M. Ahmed, and Bassam G. Rasheed. "Optical and Morphological Properties of Silver Nanoparticles Synthesis by Laser Induced Forward Transfer Technique." Al-Mustansiriyah Journal of Science 32, no. 3 (June 24, 2021): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.23851/mjs.v32i3.995.

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Various methods could be employed to synthesize nanomaterials. In this work laser induced forward technology was used to synthesize silver nanoparticles. Silver nanomaterials were tested using different measuring instruments such as UV–vis diffuse (DRS), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), and optical Microscope to characterize features such as the optical and morphological properties of these nanoparticles. AFM results show that when the laser energy of the pulsed Nd: YAG laser increases, the diameter and roughness of produced AgNPs will be decreased for the same number of pulses and the air cavity between donner and acceptor. Also, results show that when laser energy is (300,400) mJ, the AgNPs diameters are (95.76,88.44) nm and the roughness are (7,6) nm respectively. While, results show that as laser pulses increase, structure to be rougher for different laser pulses and constant laser energy at 300 mJ the same behavior will be found when the laser energy becomes 400mJ.Finally, results show that the reflectance peaks of Ag NPs increase by decreasing the number of pulses to a maximum value of 467 at 2 pulses.

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Povilonienė, Simona, Vida Časaitė, Virginijus Bukauskas, Arūnas Šetkus, Juozas Staniulis, and Rolandas Meškys. "Functionalization of α-synuclein fibrils." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 6 (January 12, 2015): 124–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.6.12.

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The propensity of peptides and proteins to form self-assembled structures has very promising applications in the development of novel nanomaterials. Under certain conditions, amyloid protein α-synuclein forms well-ordered structures – fibrils, which have proven to be valuable building blocks for bionanotechnological approaches. Herein we demonstrate the functionalization of fibrils formed by a mutant α-synuclein that contains an additional cysteine residue. The fibrils have been biotinylated via thiol groups and subsequently joined with neutravidin-conjugated gold nanoparticles. Atomic force microscopy and transmission electron microscopy confirmed the expected structure – nanoladders. The ability of fibrils (and of the additional components) to assemble into such complex structures offers new opportunities for fabricating novel hybrid materials or devices.

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Wang, Baomin, Shuang Deng, and Lu Zhao. "Modification of Ultraviolet Spectrophotometry Representational Method in Graphene Nanoplates Dispersion." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 20, no. 7 (July 1, 2020): 4015–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2020.17538.

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Graphene nanoplates (GNPs) are carbon nanomaterials with two-dimensional structure which is easy to reunite and their dispersion is necessary before using. The existing methods for dispersion characterization mainly include UV spectrophotometry, scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). In this research study, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS), polyoxyethylene (40) nonylphenyl ether, branched (CO890), polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) and cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) were used as dispersants, and ultrasonic treatment was employed as dispersion method. Ultraviolet spectrum for GNPs showed that some errors were attained, resulting from dispersant at 274 nm characteristic wavelength of GNPs dispersions with deionized water as controlled sample. The errors could be eliminated if dispersant solution was used as controlled sample. The microstructures of dispersed GNPs observed by SEM, TEM and AFM suggested that the GNPs were dispersed uniformly with 2.5 g/L SDBS, which showed the best dispersion effect. Raman spectrum indicated that more chaotic distribution and edge structures were achieved after dispersion.

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Bhushan, Bharat. "Nanotribology, nanomechanics and nanomaterials characterization." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 366, no. 1869 (December 20, 2007): 1351–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2007.2163.

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Nanotribology and nanomechanics studies are needed to develop fundamental understanding of interfacial phenomena on a small scale and to study interfacial phenomena in magnetic storage devices, nanotechnology and other applications. Friction and wear of lightly loaded micro/nanocomponents are highly dependent on the surface interactions (a few atomic layers). These structures are generally coated with molecularly thin films. Nanotribology and nanomechanics studies are also valuable in the fundamental understanding of interfacial phenomena in macrostructures and provide a bridge between science and engineering. An atomic force microscope (AFM) tip is used to simulate a single-asperity contact with a solid or lubricated surface. AFMs are used to study the various tribological phenomena that include surface roughness, adhesion, friction, scratching, wear and boundary lubrication. In situ surface characterization of local deformation of materials and thin coatings can be carried out using a tensile stage inside an AFM. Mechanical properties such as hardness, Young's modulus of elasticity and creep/relaxation behaviour can be determined on micro- to picoscales using a depth-sensing indentation system in an AFM.

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Peskersoy, Cem, and Osman Culha. "Comparative Evaluation of Mechanical Properties of Dental Nanomaterials." Journal of Nanomaterials 2017 (2017): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/6171578.

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This study examines the properties of nanobased dental restorative materials with nanoindentation method in a precise, repeatable, and comparable way. Microhybrid and nanohybrid composites, conventional glass ionomer materials, and light cured nanoionomer materials were utilised for the study. Specimen discs (r=10 mm,h=2 mm) were prepared to test the hardness, modulus of elasticity, yield strength, and fracture toughness values for each sample in a nanoindentation device with an atomic force microscopy add-on (n=25). Comparative analyses were performed by one-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey tests. The hardness and modulus of elasticity values of nanocomposite were higher (2.58 GPa and 32.86 GPa, resp.) than those of other dental materials. Although glass ionomer exhibited a hardness that was similar to a nanoionomer (0.81 versus 0.87 GPa), glass ionomer had the lowest fracture toughness value (Kc=0.83 MPa/mm0.5). The mechanical properties of resin composites improve with additional nanoscale fillers, unlike the glass ionomer material.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Atomic force microscopy- Nanomaterials'

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