Relevant bibliographies by topics / Atmospheric sounding

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Atmospheric sounding'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 21 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Atmospheric sounding"

1

Polyakov, S. V., V. O. Rapoport, and V. Yu Trakhtengerts. "Electroacoustic atmospheric sounding." Radiophysics and Quantum Electronics 35, no. 1 (January 1992): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01064995.

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ANTHES, RICHARD A., YING-HWA KUO, CHRISTIAN ROCKEN, and WILLIAM S. SCHREINER. "Atmospheric sounding using GPS radio occultation." MAUSAM 54, no. 1 (January 18, 2022): 25–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v54i1.1489.

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This paper summarizes the radio occultation (RO) technique for remote sounding of the Earth’s atmosphere using the Global Positioning System (GPS) satellites and GPS receivers on low-Earth orbiting (LEO) satellites. As the LEO satellites rise and set with respect to the GPS satellites, the radio waves from the GPS satellites are refracted by the Earth’s atmosphere. Precise measurements of the bending angle of the radio waves are used to derive vertical profiles of atmospheric refractivity, which is a function of electron density in the ionosphere and temperature and water vapor in the stratosphere and troposphere. Results from the GPS/MET, CHAMP, and SAC-C RO missions are summarized, and examples of soundings are presented. Analysis of the CHAMP and SAC-C data indicates that approximately 45% of CHAMP and SAC-C retrieved radio occultation profiles reach below 1 km altitude, compared to only 35% for GPS/MET. All missions exhibit a negative refractivity bias in the lower troposphere of between 1% and 2% compared to NWP models. When constrained to the tropics, only about 20% of the CHAMP occultation profiles reach 1 km from the surface. Taiwan’s National Space Program Office (NSPO), the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR), the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL), and many partners in the university community are developing COSMIC (Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere and Climate), a follow-on project for weather and climate, space weather, and geodetic science. COSMIC plans to launch six satellites in 2005. Each satellite will retrieve 400-500 daily profiles† of key ionospheric and atmospheric properties from the tracked GPS radio signals as they are occulted behind the Earth limb. The radio occultation sounding data from COSMIC will contribute significantly to atmospheric research, weather forecasting, and climate modeling.
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Dunion, Jason P., and Christopher S. Marron. "A Reexamination of the Jordan Mean Tropical Sounding Based on Awareness of the Saharan Air Layer: Results from 2002." Journal of Climate 21, no. 20 (October 15, 2008): 5242–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2008jcli1868.1.

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Abstract The Jordan mean tropical sounding has provided a benchmark for representing the climatology of the tropical North Atlantic and Caribbean Sea since 1958. However, recent studies of the Saharan air layer (SAL) have suggested that the tropical atmosphere in these oceanic regions may contain two distinct soundings (SAL and non-SAL) with differing thermodynamic and kinematic structures and that a single mean sounding like Jordan’s does not effectively represent these differences. This work addresses this possibility by examining over 750 rawinsondes from the tropical North Atlantic Ocean and Caribbean Sea during the 2002 hurricane season. It was found that a two-peak bimodal moisture distribution (dry SAL and moist non-SAL) exists in this region and that the Jordan sounding does not represent either distribution particularly well. Additionally, SAL soundings exhibited higher values of geopotential height, unique temperature profiles, and stronger winds (with an enhanced easterly component) compared to the moist tropical non-SAL soundings. The results of this work suggest that the Jordan mean tropical sounding may need to be updated to provide a more robust depiction of the thermodynamics and kinematics that exist in the tropical North Atlantic Ocean and Caribbean Sea during the hurricane season.
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Dunion, Jason P. "Rewriting the Climatology of the Tropical North Atlantic and Caribbean Sea Atmosphere." Journal of Climate 24, no. 3 (February 1, 2011): 893–908. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010jcli3496.1.

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Abstract The Jordan mean tropical sounding has provided a benchmark reference for representing the climatology of the tropical North Atlantic and Caribbean Sea atmosphere for over 50 years. However, recent observations and studies have suggested that during the months of the North Atlantic hurricane season, this region of the world is affected by multiple air masses with very distinct thermodynamic and kinematic characteristics. This study examined ∼6000 rawinsonde observations from the Caribbean Sea region taken during the core months (July–October) of the 1995–2002 hurricane seasons. It was found that single mean soundings created from this new dataset were very similar to C. L. Jordan’s 1958 sounding work. However, recently developed multispectral satellite imagery that can track low- to midlevel dry air masses indicated that the 1995–2002 hurricane season dataset (and likely Jordan’s dataset as well) was dominated by three distinct air masses: moist tropical (MT), Saharan air layer (SAL), and midlatitude dry air intrusions (MLDAIs). Findings suggest that each sounding is associated with unique thermodynamic, kinematic, stability, and mean sea level pressure characteristics and that none of these soundings is particularly well represented by a single mean sounding such as Jordan’s. This work presents three new mean tropical soundings (MT, SAL, and MLDAI) for the tropical North Atlantic Ocean and Caribbean Sea region and includes information on their temporal variability, thermodynamics, winds, wind shear, stability, total precipitable water, and mean sea level pressure attributes. It is concluded that the new MT, SAL, and MLDAI soundings presented here provide a more robust depiction of the tropical North Atlantic and Caribbean Sea atmosphere during the Atlantic hurricane season and should replace the Jordan mean tropical sounding as the new benchmark soundings for this part of the world.
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Menzel, W. Paul, Timothy J. Schmit, Peng Zhang, and Jun Li. "Satellite-Based Atmospheric Infrared Sounder Development and Applications." Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 99, no. 3 (March 1, 2018): 583–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-16-0293.1.

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Abstract Atmospheric sounding of the vertical changes in temperature and moisture is one of the key contributions from meteorological satellites. The concept of using satellite infrared radiation observations for retrieving atmospheric temperature was first proposed by Jean I. F. King. Lewis D. Kaplan noted that the radiation from different spectral regions are primarily emanating from different atmospheric layers, which can be used to retrieve the atmospheric temperature at different heights in the atmosphere. The United States launched the first meteorological satellite Television Infrared Observation Satellite-1 (TIROS-1) on 1 April 1960, opening a new era of observing the Earth and its atmosphere from space. Since then, hundreds of meteorological satellites have been launched by space agencies, including those in Europe, China, Japan, Russia, India, Korea, and others. With the rapid development of atmospheric sounding technology and radiative transfer models, it became possible to determine the atmospheric state from combined satellite- and ground-based measurements. With advances in computing power, forecast model development, data assimilation, and observing technologies, numerical weather prediction (NWP) has achieved consistently better results and thereby improved the prediction and early warning of severe weather events as well as fostered the initial monitoring of global climate change. The purpose of this paper is to summarize and discuss the development of satellite vertical sounding capability, quantitative profile retrieval theory, and applications of satellite-based atmospheric sounding measurements, with a focus on infrared sounding.
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Blackwell, William J., Laura J. Bickmeier, R. Vincent Leslie, Michael L. Pieper, Jenna E. Samra, Chinnawat Surussavadee, and Carolyn A. Upham. "Hyperspectral Microwave Atmospheric Sounding." IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing 49, no. 1 (January 2011): 128–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2010.2052260.

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Siméoni, D., C. Singer, and G. Chalon. "Infrared atmospheric sounding interferometer." Acta Astronautica 40, no. 2-8 (January 1997): 113–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0094-5765(97)00098-2.

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Romanovskii, Oleg A., Sergey A. Sadovnikov, Olga V. Kharchenko, and Semen V. Yakovlev. "Opo lidar sounding of trace atmospheric gases in the 3 – 4 μm spectral range." EPJ Web of Conferences 176 (2018): 05016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201817605016.

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The applicability of a KTA crystal-based laser system with optical parametric oscillators (OPO) generation to lidar sounding of the atmosphere in the spectral range 3–4 μm is studied in this work. A technique developed for lidar sounding of trace atmospheric gases (TAG) is based on differential absorption lidar (DIAL) method and differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS). The DIAL-DOAS technique is tested to estimate its efficiency for lidar sounding of atmospheric trace gases. The numerical simulation performed shows that a KTA-based OPO laser is a promising source of radiation for remote DIAL-DOAS sounding of the TAGs under study along surface tropospheric paths. A possibility of using a PD38-03-PR photodiode for the DIAL gas analysis of the atmosphere is shown.
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Li, Shuqun, Hao Hu, Chenggege Fang, Sichen Wang, Shangpei Xun, Binfang He, Wenyu Wu, and Yanfeng Huo. "Hyperspectral Infrared Atmospheric Sounder (HIRAS) Atmospheric Sounding System." Remote Sensing 14, no. 16 (August 10, 2022): 3882. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14163882.

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Accurate atmospheric temperature and moisture profiles are essential for weather forecasts and research. Satellite-based hyperspectral infrared observations are meaningful in detecting atmospheric profiles, especially over oceans where conventional observations can seldom be used. In this study, a HIRAS (Hyperspectral Infrared Atmospheric Sounder) Atmospheric Sounding System (HASS) was introduced, which retrieves atmospheric temperature and moisture profiles using a one-dimension variational scheme based on HIRAS observations. A total of 274 channels were optimally selected from the entire HIRAS spectrum through information entropy analyses, and a group of retrieval experiments were independently performed for different HIRAS fields of views (FOVs). Compared with the ECMWF reanalysis data version-5 (ERA5), the RMSEs of temperature (relative humidity) for low-, mid-, and high-troposphere layers were 1.5 K (22.3%), 1.0 K (33.2%), and 1.3 K (38.5%), respectively, which were similar in magnitude to those derived from other hyperspectral infrared sounders. Meanwhile, the retrieved temperature RMSEs with respect to the satellite radio occultation (RO) products increased to 1.7 K, 1.8 K, and 1.9 K for the low-, mid-, and high-troposphere layers, respectively, which could be attributed to the accurate RO temperature products in the upper atmospheres. It was also found that the RMSE varied with the FOVs and latitude, which may be caused by the current angle-dependent bias correction and unique background profiles.
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Potvin, Corey K., Kimberly L. Elmore, and Steven J. Weiss. "Assessing the Impacts of Proximity Sounding Criteria on the Climatology of Significant Tornado Environments." Weather and Forecasting 25, no. 3 (June 1, 2010): 921–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010waf2222368.1.

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Abstract Proximity sounding studies typically seek to optimize several trade-offs that involve somewhat arbitrary definitions of how to define a “proximity sounding.” More restrictive proximity criteria, which presumably produce results that are more characteristic of the near-storm environment, typically result in smaller sample sizes that can reduce the statistical significance of the results. Conversely, the use of broad proximity criteria will typically increase the sample size and the apparent robustness of the statistical analysis, but the sounding data may not necessarily be representative of near-storm environments, given the presence of mesoscale variability in the atmosphere. Previous investigations have used a wide range of spatial and temporal proximity criteria to analyze severe storm environments. However, the sensitivity of storm environment climatologies to the proximity definition has not yet been rigorously examined. In this study, a very large set (∼1200) of proximity soundings associated with significant tornado reports is used to generate distributions of several parameters typically used to characterize severe weather environments. Statistical tests are used to assess the sensitivity of the parameter distributions to the proximity criteria. The results indicate that while soundings collected too far in space and time from significant tornadoes tend to be more representative of the larger-scale environment than of the storm environment, soundings collected too close to the tornado also tend to be less representative due to the convective feedback process. The storm environment itself is thus optimally sampled at an intermediate spatiotemporal range referred to here as the Goldilocks zone. Implications of these results for future proximity sounding studies are discussed.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Atmospheric sounding"

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Ventress, Lucy Jane. "Atmospheric Sounding using IASI." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:7ad570a3-35ad-4d98-93bb-7e1549afcdcd.

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The Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) provides atmospheric observations with high spectral resolution and its data have been shown to have a significant positive impact on global Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) and trace gas retrievals. A fundamental component of the retrieval of atmospheric composition is the radiative transfer model used to simulate the observations. An accurate representation of the expected emission spectrum measured by the satellite is essential given that differences in the reproduced atmospheric spectra propagate through a retrieval procedure and produce an altered estimate of the atmospheric state. The importance of the assumptions within the forward model are discussed and it is established that in the simulation of spectra from satellite-borne instruments the choice of the model parameters can have a large impact upon the resulting output. These assumptions are explored in the context of the Reference Forward Model (RFM), which is further configured to optimise its output for simulating the IASI spectrum in the troposphere. In order to ascertain the consistency of different radiative transfer models, comparisons are carried out between the RFM and the Radiative Transfer model for TOVS (RTTOV) in order to quantify any discrepancies in the reproduction of IASI measurements. Good agreement is shown across the majority of the spectrum, with exceptions caused by CO2 line mixing effects and the H2O continuum. Alongside model comparisons, the RFM is validated against real IASI measurements. Being a Fourier Transform Spectrometer, there are a large number of channels available from the IASI instrument, which leads to a very large quantity of data. However, this can lead to problems within retrievals and data assimilation. Choosing an optimal subset of the channels is an established method to reduce the amount of data; maintaining the information contained within it whilst eliminating spectral regions with large uncertainties. The method currently used at the UK Met Office to select their spectral channels is re-assessed and a modified method is presented that improves upon the modelling of spectrally correlated errors.
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Marinan, Anne Dorothy. "Improving nanosatellite capabilities for atmospheric sounding and characterization." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/105599.

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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2016.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 207-218).
Measurements of atmospheric temperature, pressure, water vapor, and composition are important to users in the Earth science, defense, and intelligence communities. Nanosatellites (with mass < 10 kg, such as CubeSats) can support miniaturized instruments for atmospheric sounding and characterization. Nanosatellite constellations can improve spatial and temporal coverage of Earth and can produce data consistent with the current state of the art at reduced cost compared with larger satellites. Nanosatellites are also used for on-orbit technology demonstrations due to low cost and higher risk posture. We focus on CubeSats as a host platform for instruments and technology demonstrations for three kinds of atmospheric sensors: (i) passive microwave radiometers, (ii) atmospheric occultation experiments and (iii) coronagraphic direct imaging of exoplanets. Microwave radiometers (MWR) measure brightness temperatures in multiple channels across bands centered on atmospheric absorption features. MWRs require stable cold and warm calibration targets for accurate measurements. CubeSat MWRs, such as MicroMAS (the Micro-sized Microwave Atmospheric Satellite) and MiRaTA (Microwave Radiometer Technology Acceleration), use deep space as a cold target with a noise diode as the warm target instead of larger calibration targets. However, noise diodes drift, and a better calibration method is needed to meet the desired measurement precision. Occultation experiments measure electromagnetic signals received from a transmitter as it passes behind the Earth from the perspective of the receiver. In the neutral atmosphere, the measurements yield profiles of temperature, pressure and in certain configurations, composition. We consider radio and optical wavelengths. GPS Radio Occultation (GPSRO) instruments measure phase delay in signals transmitted from GPS satellites that travel through the atmosphere to a low earth orbit (LEO) receiver. GPSRO measurements are inherently well calibrated, because the primary interaction is of an electromagnetic wave through a medium, and have high accuracy and vertical resolution. We show that it is possible to make several GPSRO measurements per day that are collocated spatially and temporally with space-based MWR measurements and that using these measurements enables better MWR calibration by measuring noise diode drift. Occultation observations using several near infrared optical wavelengths can measure absorption features to characterize atmospheric species and abundances. Intersatellite optical links are used for these measurements, but transmissions deep in the atmosphere experience scintillation and distortion. Wavefront control systems could be used to compensate for atmosphere-induced aberrations. Wavefront control systems are also needed to obtain reflection absorption spectra of exoplanet atmospheres, where photons from the host star are reflected by the planet. A space-based telescope equipped with an internal coronagraph can make high contrast measurements off-axis using high spatial frequency wavefront control systems to correct for speckles, imperfections, and other distortions that would degrade the measurement. High actuator count deformable mirrors (DMs) are needed, and Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) DMs can provide a cost-effective, compact solution. We describe our design for a nanosatellite platform using a wavefront sensor to characterize the on-orbit performance of MEMS DMs. We present results from these new approaches to improve atmospheric sounding and characterization missions using nanosatellites. Our hardware analysis for MiRaTA demonstrates that the CubeSat GPSRO instrument noise performance supports the calibration of the noise diode to improve the CubeSat MWR measurement accuracy from > 0.75 K to 0.25 K. We simulate and experimentally demonstrate a CubeSat wavefront control system using a MEMS DM that can be used to characterize the performance of MEMS DMs, sensitive to 10's of nm motion and up to three times the 1.5 pm-stroke of the DMs, which is useful for future applications in both atmospheric near infrared occultation as well as in exoplanet direct imaging space telescopes. Each of these contributions improves current nanosatellite capabilities or uses nanosatellites to advance technologies in future larger systems for atmospheric sounding and characterization of Earth and exoplanets.
by Anne Dorothy Marinan.
Ph. D.
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Ward, Dale Michael 1963. "Atmospheric sounding from satellite solar occultation refraction measurements." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/282495.

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Measurements of the refractive bending of solar radiation passing through the limb of the Earth's atmosphere can be utilized to recover vertical profiles of density and temperature. These parameters obtained using the technique of solar refractive sounding could be used to improve satellite solar occultation trace species retrievals and to monitor potential trends in upper atmospheric temperatures. The solar refractive sounding method is described in detail and applied to data available from the Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE II). The meteorological profiles derived from the SAGE II data are not consistently accurate enough for general use due to poor vertical sampling and measurement uncertainties. However, the qualitatively decent results provide optimism for future development and implementation of solar occultation refractive sounders. Better techniques for measuring solar refraction and the potential improvements in the retrievals are also discussed.
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Tice, Dane Steven. "Ground-based near-infrared remote sounding of ice giant clouds and methane." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:4f09f270-a25c-4d36-96d3-13070a594eaa.

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The ice giants, Uranus and Neptune, are the two outermost planets in our solar system. With only one satellite flyby each in the late 1980’s, the ice giants are arguably the least understood of the planets orbiting the Sun. A better understanding of these planets’ atmospheres will not only help satisfy the natural scientific curiosity we have about these distant spheres of gas, but also might provide insight into the dynamics and meteorology of our own planet’s atmosphere. Two new ground-based, near-infrared datasets of the ice giants are studied. Both datasets provide data in a portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that provides good constraint on the size of small scattering particles in the atmospheres’ clouds and haze layers. The broad extent of both telescopes’ spectral coverage allows characterisation of these small particles for a wide range of wavelengths. Both datasets also provide coverage of the 825 nm collision-induced hydrogen-absorption feature, allowing us to disentangle the latitudinal variation of CH4 abundance from the height and vertical extent of clouds in the upper troposphere. A two-cloud model is successfully fitted to IRTF SpeX Uranus data, parameterising both clouds with base altitude, fractional scale height, and total opacity. An optically thick, vertically thin cloud with a base pressure of 1.6 bar, tallest in the midlatitudes, shows strong preference for scattering particles of 1.35 μm radii. Above this cloud lies an optically thin, vertically extended haze extending upward from 1.0 bar and consistent with particles of 0.10 μm radii. An equatorial enrichment of methane abundance and a lower cloud of constant vertical thickness was shown to exist using two independent methods of analysis. Data from Palomar SWIFT of three different latitude regions.
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Remedios, J. J. "Spectroscopy for remote sounding of the atmosphere." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.291593.

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Livesey, Nathaniel. "Small scale features in atmospheric temperature fields measured by ISAMS." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.282197.

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Srong, E. Kimberley. "Spectral parameters of methane for remote sounding of the Jovian atmosphere." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1992. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:0f870f86-c546-461d-aca7-61f1ccc249df.

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Spectroscopic measurements in the infrared have proven to be a valuable source of information about the Jovian atmosphere. However, numerous questions remain, many of which will be addressed by the Galileo μission, due to arrive at Jupiter in December, 1995. One of the instruments on Galileo is the Near-Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (NIMS), which will measure temperature structure, cheμical composition, and cloud properties. The objective of the work described in this thesis was to investigate the transmittance properties of the Jovian atmosphere and, in particular, to obtain transmittance functions of CH4 for future use in the planning and interpretation of NIMS measurements. This thesis begins with a review of our current understanding of the Jovian atmosphere (Chapter 1), and a description of the Galileo μission and the design and objectives of NIMS (Chapter 2). It is then shown (Chapter 3) that absorption bands of CH4 doμinate the nearinfrared spectrum of Jupiter, but that line data for CH4 are currently inadequate over much of the NIMS spectral range (0.7-5.2 /μi). For the purposes of NIMS, which has a low resolution of 0.25 /μi, the spectrum of CH4 can be characterised using band models of transmittance as a function of temperature, pressure, and abundance. The theory of band modelling is presented, and previous band-modelling studies of CH4 are reviewed and are also shown to be inadequate for NIMS (Chapter 4). An experimental investigation was therefore undertaken to record CH4 spectra under Jovian conditions of low temperature, large abundance, and H2-broadening. The experimental resources used to obtain these spectra are described (Chapter 5), the generation of the transmittance spectra is discussed, and their quality is assessed (Chapter 6). The range of frequencies and laboratory conditions covered by these spectra (listed in Appendix A) makes them one of the most comprehensive data sets of this kind yet published. These spectra were subsequently used to derive transmittance functions for CH4 (Chapter 7). A variety of models were fitted to the self-broadened CH4 spectra, and the Goody and Malkmus random band models, using the Voigt lineshape, are shown to provide the best fits. These two models were then fitted to the combined set of self- and H2-broadened CH4 spectra. The parameters fitted with the Goody-Voigt model are included in this thesis (Appendices B and C). Finally, the application of these new band model fits to the problem of Jovian remote sounding is addressed (Chapter 8). This includes an assessment of the reliability of extrapolation to Jovian conditions, a calculation of the level in the Jovian atmosphere that will be sounded by observations of CH4 absorption, and a calculation of how the uncertainties in the fitted band model will affect the retrieval of atmospheric parameters from NIMS spectra. This thesis concludes with a detailed summary, and with suggestions for future investigations which will help to maximise the return of information from NIMS.
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McNally, A. P. "Satellite sounding of tropospheric temperature and humidity." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.276585.

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Jay, Victoria Louise. "Remote sounding of the atmosphere by high-resolution spectroscopy." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.365439.

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Nixon, Conor A. "Remote sounding of the atmosphere of Titan." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1998. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:7cefe10f-442d-40dc-99aa-982d7b2ed38c.

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The Composite Infrared Spectrometer (CIRS) instrument onboard the Cassini spacecraft will be used to probe the atmosphere and surface of Saturn's giant moon Titan. This thesis describes an investigation of the capabilities of CIRS as a remote sounding instrument. To enable infrared spectra to be computed, a radiative transfer code has been adapted for Titan's atmosphere. The atmospheric model, including gases and aerosol particles, was refined by comparison of synthetic spectra with results from the IRIS instrument of the Voyager 1 spacecraft. Characteristics of the instrument have been deduced from laboratory measurements. The size and shape of the field of view was found for the mid-infrared detectors. A Fourier code was developed to transform the raw data (interferograms). Blackbody spectra taken with the flight instrument were analysed to calculate the noise equivalent radiance for the detectors of all three focal planes. Finally, the data regarding instrument performance was used in combination with the predictive radiative transfer code to consider in detail the extent to which gaseous bands and other spectral features will be observable for a variety of limb and nadir viewing modes. Current observing strategies are reviewed and recommendations for scientific emphasis in the light of the actual instrument performance are made.
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Books on the topic "Atmospheric sounding"

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Remsberg, Ellis E. Time series comparisons of satellite and rocketsonde temperatures in 1978-79. Hampton, Va: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1994.

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Bradley, Stuart. Atmospheric acoustic remote sensing. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2008.

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Menzel, W. Paul. Determination of atmospheric moisture structure and infrared cooling rates from high resolution MAMS radiance data: Final report on NASA contract NAS8-36169 for the period of 7 November 1986 to 18 September 1991. Madison, Wis: Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies (CIMSS), University of Wisconsin, 1991.

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Mehta, Amita. Longwave radiative flux calculations in the TOVS pathfinder path A data set. Greenbelt, Md: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Goddard Space Flight Center, 1999.

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Staelin, David H. High-spatial-resolution passive microwave sounding systems: Final report : covering the period February 1, 1980-March 14, 1994. Cambridge, Mass: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Research Laboratory of Electronics, 1994.

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Harris, R. A. Envisat: The Michelson interferometer for passive atmospheric sounding, MIPAS : an instrument for atmospheric chemistry and climate research. Noordwijk, The Netherlands: ESA Publications Division, 2000.

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Mo, Tsan. Calibration of the advanced microwave sounding unit-A for NOAA-K. Washington, D.C: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service, 1995.

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Mo, Tsan. Calibration of the advanced microwave sounding unit-A radiometers for NOAA-N and NOAA-N'. Washington, D.C: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service, 2002.

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Chesters, Dennis. An atlas of upper tropospheric radiances observed in the 6 to 7 micrometer water vapor band using TOVS data from the NOAA weather satellites during 1979-1991. Greenbelt, Md: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Goddard Space Flight Center, 1992.

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H, Vonder Haar Thomas, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Production of long-term global water vapor and liquid water data set using ultra-fast methods to assimilate multi-satellite and radiosonde observations: Annual report. Fort Collins, CO: METSAT, Inc., 1993.

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Book chapters on the topic "Atmospheric sounding"

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Livesey, Nathaniel. "Limb Sounding, Atmospheric." In Encyclopedia of Remote Sensing, 344–48. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-36699-9_87.

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Golden, J. H., R. Serafin, V. Lally, and J. Facundo. "Atmospheric Sounding Systems." In Mesoscale Meteorology and Forecasting, 50–70. Boston, MA: American Meteorological Society, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-935704-20-1_4.

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Jin, Shuanggen, R. Jin, and X. Liu. "GNSS Tropospheric Sounding." In GNSS Atmospheric Seismology, 31–45. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-3178-6_3.

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Jin, Shuanggen, R. Jin, and X. Liu. "GNSS Ionospheric Sounding." In GNSS Atmospheric Seismology, 47–73. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-3178-6_4.

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Gille, John C. "Infrared Limb Sounding of the Middle Atmosphere." In Atmospheric Radiation, 348–53. Boston, MA: American Meteorological Society, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-935704-18-8_51.

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Liou, K. N., and S. C. Ou. "Remote Sounding of Infrared Surface Fluxes and Cooling Rates from Space." In Atmospheric Radiation, 310–17. Boston, MA: American Meteorological Society, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-935704-18-8_47.

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Clemesha, B. R., H. Takahashi, and Y. Sahai. "Contamination Glow Observed During Two Rocket Sounding Experiments." In Progress in Atmospheric Physics, 109–19. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3009-4_8.

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Veldman, S. M., and K. Lundahl. "Atmospheric Climate Experiment ACE a Constellation of Microsats for Atmospheric Sounding." In Smaller Satellites: Bigger Business?, 419–21. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-3008-2_63.

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Wenig, Mark, Thomas Wagner, Ulrich Platt, and Bernd Jähne. "Construction and Analysis of Image Sequences of Atmospheric Trace Gases." In Sounding the Troposphere from Space, 251–54. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-18875-6_29.

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Bernard, René. "Microwave Atmospheric Sounding (Water Vapor and Liquid Water)." In Microwave Remote Sensing for Oceanographic and Marine Weather-Forecast Models, 191–216. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0509-2_10.

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Conference papers on the topic "Atmospheric sounding"

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Smith, William L., Daniel K. Zhou, Henry E. Revercomb, Hung L. Huang, Poalo Antonelli, and Steven A. Mango. "Hyperspectral atmospheric sounding." In Remote Sensing, edited by Klaus Schaefer, Adolfo Comeron, Michel R. Carleer, and Richard H. Picard. SPIE, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.515209.

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"Session 3: Atmospheric Sounding." In International Conference on Space Optics 1991, edited by Guy Cerutti-Maori. SPIE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2326752.

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Gauss, Martin L., and Yuriy L. Lomukhin. "Radio thermal sounding of natural environments." In XXIII International Symposium, Atmospheric and Ocean Optics, Atmospheric Physics, edited by Oleg A. Romanovskii. SPIE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2286722.

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Lee, Meemong, Richard Weidner, and Kevin Bowman. "Atmospheric sounding simulation experiment service." In 2009 IEEE Aerospace conference. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aero.2009.4839496.

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Laryunin, O. A., V. I. Kurkin, and A. V. Podlesniy. "Numerical simulation of vertical and oblique ionospheric sounding." In XXI International Symposium Atmospheric and Ocean Optics. Atmospheric Physics, edited by Oleg A. Romanovskii. SPIE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2204878.

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Liu, Xu, Daniel K. Zhou, Allen Larar, William L. Smith, and Peter Schluessel. "Atmospheric property retrievals from infrared atmospheric sounding interferometer (IASI)." In SPIE Remote Sensing, edited by Richard H. Picard, Adolfo Comeron, Klaus Schäfer, Aldo Amodeo, and Michiel van Weele. SPIE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.800361.

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Kabashnikov, Vitaliy P., D. Orlovsky, Anatoly P. Chaikovsky, M. M. Korol, A. S. Slesar, Sergei U. Denisov, and A. Zaitsev. "Power emission estimation using lidar sounding data." In Ninth Joint International Symposium on Atmospheric and Ocean Optics/Atmospheric Physics, edited by Gennadii G. Matvienko and Vladimir P. Lukin. SPIE, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.497303.

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Hua, Jianwen, Peigang Wang, and Mochang Wang. "Fourier interferometry for spaceborne atmospheric sounding." In Third International Asia-Pacific Environmental Remote Sensing Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere, Ocean, Environment, and Space, edited by Hung-Lung Huang, Daren Lu, and Yasuhiro Sasano. SPIE, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.480153.

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Javelle, Pascale, and Francois Cayla. "Infrared atmospheric sounding interferometer instrument overview." In Garmisch - DL tentative, edited by Guy Cerutti-Maori and Philippe Roussel. SPIE, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.185276.

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Shamanaev, Sergei V. "Acoustic sounding of rain." In Sixth International Symposium on Atmospheric and Ocean Optics, edited by Gennadii G. Matvienko and Vladimir P. Lukin. SPIE, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.370514.

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Reports on the topic "Atmospheric sounding"

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Sprague, R. A. Atmospheric Effects Assessment Program: Ionospheric Sounding. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada276447.

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Ware, Randolph, and Christian Rocken. Ground Based GPS Phase Measurements for Atmospheric Sounding. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada631651.

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Bland, Geoffrey. Evaluation of Routine Atmospheric Sounding Measurements using Unmanned Systems (ERASMUS). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1259899.

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de Boer, Gijs, Dale Lawrence, Scott Palo, Brian Argrow, Gabriel LoDolce, Nathan Curry, Douglas Weibel, et al. Evaluation of Routine Atmospheric Sounding Measurements using Unmanned Systems (ERASMUS): Final Technical Report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1348978.

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Redondas, A., A. Berjón, J. López-Solano, V. Carreño, S. F. León-Luis, and D. Santana. Fourteenth Intercomparison Campaign of the Regional Brewer Calibration Centre Europe : El Arenosillo Atmospheric Sounding Station, Huelva, Spain, 17-28 June 2019. Agencia Estatal de Meteorología ; Organización Meteorológica Mundial, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31978/666210044.

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Redondas, A., S. F. León-Luis, J. López-Solano, A. Berjón, F. Parra-Rojas, and V. Carreño. Twelfth Intercomparison Campaign of the Regional Brewer Calibration Center Europe: El Arenosillo Atmospheric Sounding Station, Huelva, Spain 29 May to 9 June 2017. Agencia Estatal de Meteorología, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31978/666-20-019-9.

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Cogan, James, and Brian Reen. A Method for Extrapolation of Atmospheric Soundings. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada604460.

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Cogan, James, Edward Measure, and Daniel Wolfe. Atmospheric Soundings in Near Real Time from Combined Satellite and Ground-Based Remotely Sensed Data. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada375760.

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Sparrow, Kent, and Sandra LeGrand. Establishing a series of dust event case studies for North Africa. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), February 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/46445.

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Abstract:
Dust aerosols often create hazardous air quality conditions that affect human health, visibility, agriculture, and communication in various parts of the world. While substantial progress has been made in dust-event simulation and hazard mitigation over the last several decades, accurately forecasting the spatial and temporal variability of dust emissions continues to be a challenge. This report documents an analysis of atmospheric conditions for a series of dust events in North Africa. The researchers highlight four analyzed events that occurred between January 2016 to present in the following locations: (1) the western Sahara Desert; (2) East Algeria and the Iberian Peninsula; (3) Chad-Bodélé Depression; (4) Algeria and Morocco. For each event, the researchers developed an overview of the general synoptic, mesoscale, and local environmental forcing conditions that controlled the event evolution and used a combination of available lidar data, surface weather observations, upper-air soundings, aerosol optical depth, and satellite imagery to characterize the dust conditions. These assessments will support downstream forecast model evaluation and sensitivity testing; however, the researchers also encourage broader use of these assessments as reference case studies for dust transport, air quality modeling, remote sensing, soil erosion, and land management research applications.
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Wintersteiner, Peter P. Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) Observations of Polar Winter Conditions in 2009; Comparisons with Years 2002-2008. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada536450.

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