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1
Gaffney, Jeffrey S., and Nancy A. Marley. "Atmospheric Chemistry and Air Pollution." Scientific World JOURNAL 3 (2003): 199–234. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2003.18.
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Atmospheric chemistry is an important discipline for understanding air pollution and its impacts. This mini-review gives a brief history of air pollution and presents an overview of some of the basic photochemistry involved in the production of ozone and other oxidants in the atmosphere. Urban air quality issues are reviewed with a specific focus on ozone and other oxidants, primary and secondary aerosols, alternative fuels, and the potential for chlorine releases to amplify oxidant chemistry in industrial areas. Regional air pollution issues such as acid rain, long-range transport of aerosols and visibility loss, and the connections of aerosols to ozone and peroxyacetyl nitrate chemistry are examined. Finally, the potential impacts of air pollutants on the global-scale radiative balances of gases and aerosols are discussed briefly.
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Bergin, Michelle S., J. Jason West, Terry J. Keating, and Armistead G. Russell. "REGIONAL ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION AND TRANSBOUNDARY AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT." Annual Review of Environment and Resources 30, no. 1 (November 21, 2005): 1–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.energy.30.050504.144138.
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La Colla, Noelia S., Sandra E. Botté, and Jorge E. Marcovecchio. "Atmospheric particulate pollution in South American megacities." Environmental Reviews 29, no. 3 (September 2021): 415–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/er-2020-0105.
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Air pollution is one of the major problems caused by urban growth, and both industrial and automobile emissions have been the main causes of air quality deterioration in cities since the beginning of the 20th century. Atmospheric pollution is the largest single environmental risk for health, causing about 7 million human deaths per year. On a global scale, developing countries are major contributors to air pollution due to their rising economies, with rapid industrial and population growth combined with poor emission controls. In South America, there are five megacities (Bogotá, Buenos Aires, Lima, Rio de Janeiro, and São Paulo) with over 10 million people potentially contributing to wide-ranging environmental consequences. Atmospheric particulate matter (APM) plays a leading role in the transport of trace metals and metalloids through the atmosphere and are chemical markers of air quality. The presence of these pollutants in APM has a detrimental effect on both air quality and human health. In this review, we provide an integrated assessment of hazardous metals and metalloids in the fine and coarse APM fractions, focusing on the South American megacities. We identified the current state of research for Ba, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mo, Ni, Pb, Pd, Pt, Rh, Sb, Sn, V, and Zn and summarized the findings in the 21st century. The findings of this review highlight that despite the phasing out of leaded gasoline, Pb continues to be a metal pollutant with one of the highest atmospheric emission rates, mainly due to vehicular pollution. The megacities from Brazil and Argentina were, by far, those with the highest number of studies performed; however, updated research is needed for the five megacities, including specific studies on fine and ultrafine particulate matter fractions as these pose serious human health issues. Urban agglomerations denoted sustained increases of most metals over time that is indicative of deteriorating air quality. Nickel and Cd concentrations in megacities from Argentina, Brazil, and Colombia, as well as Pb in one study from Colombia, were found to have exceeded international air quality guidelines.
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Wang, Wen Yong, Xiao Juan Ma, and Bo Jun Ke. "Study on Sulfur Dioxide Atmospheric Environmental Capacity of Chengdu Urban Agglomeration." Advanced Materials Research 599 (November 2012): 488–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.599.488.
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located in the west of Sichuan Basin and composed of Chengdu City, Mianyang City, Deyang City, Ziyang City, and Meishan City, Chengdu urban agglomeration is an area where industry, population and motor vehicles are densely distributed. Therefore, there are acute conflicts between the economic development and atmospheric environmental protection. On one hand, lots of pollutants emitted by industry and motor vehicles enter the atmosphere and adversely affect the environmental air quality. On the other hand, the dense population needs good air quality. Since the current environmental air quality standards cannot fully protect human health and ecological balance, in the calculation of the atmospheric environmental capacity for urban agglomerations, in addition to pollution control investment and environmental quality up to standards, the pollution hazard losses should also be considered. In the present paper, according to the specific conditions of Chengdu urban agglomeration, a multi-source mode and dual-objective optimized atmospheric environmental capacity model was developed with the minimum pollution control investment and pollution hazard losses serving as the objective function and the environmental air quality up to standard serving as the constraint. The Sulfur Dioxide atmospheric environmental capacity of Chengdu urban agglomeration was calculated by using this model so as to provide basic data for the total capacity control of Chengdu urban agglomeration.
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Yang, Yu Hong, Jing Ling Bao, Juan Wen, Ran Li, and Pei Yan. "Analysis on Influencing Factors of Atmospheric Environmental Quality in Tianjin." Advanced Materials Research 864-867 (December 2013): 1582–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.864-867.1582.
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As the atmospheric environment pollution becoming more and more serious, analyzing and improving the atmospheric environmental quality is an important work. According to the atmosphere environment quality monitoring data of Tianjin, by adopting the combination of principal component analysis and linear regression method, this paper analyzes the influencing factors of major air pollutants (SO2, NO2 and PM10) on atmospheric environmental quality.
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Colette, A., B. Bessagnet, F. Meleux, and L. Rouïl. "Frontiers in air quality modelling." Geoscientific Model Development Discussions 6, no. 3 (August 2, 2013): 4189–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmdd-6-4189-2013.
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Abstract. The first pan-European kilometre-scale atmospheric chemistry simulation is introduced. The continental-scale air pollution episode of January 2009 is modelled with the CHIMERE offline chemistry-transport model with a massive grid of 2 million horizontal points, performed on 2000 CPU of a high performance computing system hosted by the Research and Technology Computing Center at the French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CCRT/CEA). Besides the technical challenge, we find that model biases are significantly reduced, especially over urban areas. The high resolution grid also allows revisiting the contribution of individual city plumes to the European burden of pollution, providing new insights for designing air pollution control strategies.
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Kong, Debing, Guicai Ning, Shigong Wang, Jing Cong, Ming Luo, Xiang Ni, and Mingguo Ma. "Clustering diurnal cycles of day-to-day temperature change to understand their impacts on air quality forecasting in mountain-basin areas." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 21, no. 19 (September 30, 2021): 14493–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-14493-2021.
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Abstract. Air pollution is substantially modulated by meteorological conditions, and especially their diurnal variations may play a key role in air quality evolution. However, the behaviors of temperature diurnal cycles along with the associated atmospheric condition and their effects on air quality in China remain poorly understood. Here, for the first time, we examine the diurnal cycles of day-to-day temperature change and reveal their impacts on winter air quality forecasting in mountain-basin areas. Three different diurnal cycles of the preceding day-to-day temperature change are identified and exhibit notably distinct effects on the day-to-day changes in atmospheric-dispersion conditions and air quality. The diurnal cycle with increasing temperature obviously enhances the atmospheric stability in the lower troposphere and suppresses the development of the planetary boundary layer, thus deteriorating the air quality on the following day. By contrast, the diurnal cycle with decreasing temperature in the morning is accompanied by a worse dispersion condition with more stable atmosphere stratification and weaker surface wind speed, thereby substantially worsening the air quality. Conversely, the diurnal cycle with decreasing temperature in the afternoon seems to improve air quality on the following day by enhancing the atmospheric-dispersion conditions on the following day. The findings reported here are critical to improve the understanding of air pollution in mountain-basin areas and exhibit promising potential for air quality forecasting.
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Colette, A., B. Bessagnet, F. Meleux, E. Terrenoire, and L. Rouïl. "Frontiers in air quality modelling." Geoscientific Model Development 7, no. 1 (January 28, 2014): 203–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-7-203-2014.
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Abstract. The first pan-European kilometre-scale atmospheric chemistry simulation is introduced. The continental-scale air pollution episode of January 2009 is modelled with the CHIMERE offline chemistry transport model with a massive grid of 2 million horizontal points, performed on 2000 CPU of a high-performance computing system hosted by the Research and Technology Computing Center at the French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CCRT/CEA). Besides the technical challenge, we find that model biases are significantly reduced, especially over urban areas. The high-resolution grid also allows revisiting of the contribution of individual city plumes to the European burden of pollution, providing new insights to target the appropriate geographical level of action when designing air pollution mitigation strategies.
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Zhong, Qirui, and Huizhong Shen. "Air Quality in a Changing World." Climate 10, no. 12 (November 27, 2022): 188. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cli10120188.
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Spagnuolo, Valeria, and Fiore Capozzi. "Special Issue Editorial: Biomonitoring of Atmospheric Pollution." Atmosphere 11, no. 12 (December 8, 2020): 1329. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos11121329.
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Despite the introduction of cleaning technologies in industry, energy production and transport, air pollution remains a major health risk; nonetheless, achieving a good air quality is a necessity for human health and ecosystems [...]
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Wang, L., and Y. Huang. "MOBILE ATMOSPHERIC SENSING." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-3/W2 (November 16, 2017): 217–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-3-w2-217-2017.
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Atmospheric quality dramatically deteriorates over the past decades around themetropolitan areas of China. Due to the coal combustion, industrial air pollution, vehicle waste emission, etc., the public health suffers from exposure to such air pollution as fine particles of particulates, sulfur and carbon dioxide, etc. Many meteorological stations have been built to monitor the condition of air quality over the city. However, they are installed at fixed sites and cover quite a small region. The monitoring results of these stations usually do NOT coincide with the public perception of the air quality. This paper is motivated to mimic the human breathing along the citys transportation network by the mobile sensing vehicle of atmospheric quality. To obtain the quantitative perception of air quality, the Environmental Monitoring Vehicle of Wuhan University (EMV-WHU) has been developed to automatically collect the data of air pollutants. The EMV-WHU is equipped with GPS/IMU, sensors of PM2.5, carbon dioxide, anemometer, temperature, humidity, noise, and illumination, as well as the visual and infrared camera. All the devices and sensors are well collaborated with the customized synchronization mechanism. Each sort of atmospheric data is accompanied with the uniform spatial and temporal label of high precision. Different spatial and data-mining techniques, such as spatial correlation analysis, logistic regression, spatial clustering, are employed to provide the periodic report of the roadside air quality. With the EMV-WHU, constant collection of the atmospheric data along the Luoyu Road of Wuhan city has been conducted at the daily peak and non-peak time for half a year. Experimental results demonstrated that the EMV is very efficient and accurate for the perception of air quality. Comparative findings with the meteorological stations also show the intelligence of big data analysis and mining of all sorts of EMV measurement of air quality. It is promising for the aerial and emergent air quality monitoring over the sky of big cities, if EMV-WHU be miniaturized for the unmanned aerial vehicles(UAV) in the future.
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Wolf, Tobias, Lasse H. Pettersson, and Igor Esau. "A very high-resolution assessment and modelling of urban air quality." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 20, no. 2 (January 20, 2020): 625–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-625-2020.
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Abstract. Urban air quality is one of the most prominent environmental concerns for modern city residents and authorities. Accurate monitoring of air quality is difficult due to intrinsic urban landscape heterogeneity and superposition of multiple polluting sources. Existing approaches often do not provide the necessary spatial details and peak concentrations of pollutants, especially at larger distances from monitoring stations. A more advanced integrated approach is needed. This study presents a very high-resolution air quality assessment with the Parallelized Large-Eddy Simulation Model (PALM), capitalising on local measurements. This fully three-dimensional primitive-equation hydrodynamical model resolves both structural details of the complex urban surface and turbulent eddies larger than 10 m in size. We ran a set of 27 meteorological weather scenarios in order to assess the dispersion of pollutants in Bergen, a middle-sized Norwegian city embedded in a coastal valley. This set of scenarios represents typically observed weather conditions with high air pollution from nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and particulate matter (PM2.5). The modelling methodology helped to identify pathways and patterns of air pollution caused by the three main local air pollution sources in the city. These are road vehicle traffic, domestic house heating with wood-burning fireplaces and ships docked in the harbour area next to the city centre. The study produced vulnerability maps, highlighting the most impacted districts for each weather and emission scenario. Overall, the largest contribution to air pollution over inhabited areas in Bergen was caused by road traffic emissions for NO2 and wood-burning fireplaces for PM2.5 pollution. The effect of emission from ships in the port was mostly restricted to the areas close to the harbour and moderate in comparison. However, the results have contributed to implementation of measures to reduce emissions from ships in Bergen harbour, including provision of shore power.
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Paton-Walsh, Clare, Peter Rayner, Jack Simmons, Sonya L. Fiddes, Robyn Schofield, Howard Bridgman, Stephanie Beaupark, et al. "A Clean Air Plan for Sydney: An Overview of the Special Issue on Air Quality in New South Wales." Atmosphere 10, no. 12 (December 4, 2019): 774. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos10120774.
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This paper presents a summary of the key findings of the special issue of Atmosphere on Air Quality in New South Wales and discusses the implications of the work for policy makers and individuals. This special edition presents new air quality research in Australia undertaken by (or in association with) the Clean Air and Urban Landscapes hub, which is funded by the National Environmental Science Program on behalf of the Australian Government’s Department of the Environment and Energy. Air pollution in Australian cities is generally low, with typical concentrations of key pollutants at much lower levels than experienced in comparable cities in many other parts of the world. Australian cities do experience occasional exceedances in ozone and PM2.5 (above air pollution guidelines), as well as extreme pollution events, often as a result of bushfires, dust storms, or heatwaves. Even in the absence of extreme events, natural emissions play a significant role in influencing the Australian urban environment, due to the remoteness from large regional anthropogenic emission sources. By studying air quality in Australia, we can gain a greater understanding of the underlying atmospheric chemistry and health risks in less polluted atmospheric environments, and the health benefits of continued reduction in air pollution. These conditions may be representative of future air quality scenarios for parts of the Northern Hemisphere, as legislation and cleaner technologies reduce anthropogenic air pollution in European, American, and Asian cities. However, in many instances, current legislation regarding emissions in Australia is significantly more lax than in other developed countries, making Australia vulnerable to worsening air pollution in association with future population growth. The need to avoid complacency is highlighted by recent epidemiological research, reporting associations between air pollution and adverse health outcomes even at air pollutant concentrations that are lower than Australia’s national air quality standards. Improving air quality is expected to improve health outcomes at any pollution level, with specific benefits projected for reductions in long-term exposure to average PM2.5 concentrations.
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Chen, Wei, Lei Yan, and Haimeng Zhao. "Seasonal Variations of Atmospheric Pollution and Air Quality in Beijing." Atmosphere 6, no. 11 (November 18, 2015): 1753–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos6111753.
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Karatzas, Kostas D. "Informing the public about atmospheric quality: air pollution and pollen." Allergo Journal 18, no. 3 (April 2009): 212–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03362059.
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Othman, Aljahdali Mohammed. "Ambient Air Quality, Pollutant Behavior, and Distribution Pattern in Rabigh City Using an Air Dispersion Model." Pakistan Journal of Analytical & Environmental Chemistry 22, no. 1 (June 23, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.21743/pjaec/2021.06.01.
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The rise in industrial development and modern technology is one of the major causes of atmospheric pollution, which negatively affects human health. In this study, meteorological conditions and atmospheric pollution dispersion in Rabigh city and its catchments were analyzed using measured data and an air quality dispersion model. The Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory model was used to simulate the dispersion of atmospheric pollutants. A dataset from 2018 was analyzed to clarify the seasonal distributions of atmospheric pollutant concentrations in Rabigh and other areas (Thuwal and Khulais). A significant variation in atmospheric pollutants was recorded across the seasons, which may be caused by changes in meteorological conditions. Variations in other anthropogenic sources related to high population density or heavy traffic in the nearby road may also be involved in these fluctuations. Predictions indicated that pollutants would impact the Thuwal area (>50 μg m−3) and Khulais (>35 μg m−3) during the winter season and affect Thuwal (>20 μg m−3) and Rabigh (>20 μg m−3) during the fall season. The concentrations of pollutants were mostly negatively correlated with wind speed, except for carbon monoxide. We established variations in the seasonal concentration of pollutants and the effect of meteorological conditions on atmospheric pollutants for the year 2018 in the study area. Policymakers and stakeholders must provide solutions to mitigate the environmental effect of atmospheric pollution in Rabigh city, Thuwal, and Khulais for the health of inhabitants.
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Dyachuk, V. A., M. P. Bashtannik, E. M. Kiptenko, T. V. Kozlenko, and L. M. Nadtochii. "STUDY OF THE AIR POLLUTION STATE MONITORING AND DIRECTIONS FOR ITS IMPROVEMENT IN KIEV CITY." Hydrology, hydrochemistry and hydroecology, no. 4 (55) (2019): 111–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2306-5680.2019.4.9.
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The state of air pollution monitoring in Kyiv city was investigated. There were discussed the relevance of observation system optimization, advantages and disadvantages of the current monitoring network for air pollution in the urban atmosphere. The united complex approach was used for justification of mentioned optimization, which was combined with emission inventories databases, meteorological air pollution potential characteristics, ratified ground-based measurements data of main pollutants, and demographic urban features. The paper discusses main meteorological parameters which drive pollutants’ dispersion. Analysis provide evidence of its huge impact for the pollution regime formation and tendency to the decline of air quality, which must be taken in consideration during optimization for atmospheric air monitoring. The process of optimization for atmospheric air monitoring takes into account the orographic urban features used mainly for the purpose of statistically valid data provision. Therefore, in small microclimatic zones the monitoring sites are located within relief bodies, which are representative for the area. The research estimates results of boundary pollutants’ content caused by middle and high stationary emission sources, defined from the methodology connected with combined IEM diffusive model. Analysis of observations confirms the accuracy of defined structure for urban pollution fields. The combine usage of modeling results and observations allows increasing of atmospheric air quality estimations and helps to optimize the network with minimal amount of necessary representative sites.
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Lopes, Diogo, Joana Ferreira, Ka In Hoi, Ka-Veng Yuen, Kai Meng Mok, and Ana I. Miranda. "Emission Inventories and Particulate Matter Air Quality Modeling over the Pearl River Delta Region." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 8 (April 14, 2021): 4155. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18084155.
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The Pearl River Delta (PRD) region is located on the southeast coast of mainland China and it is an important economic hub. The high levels of particulate matter (PM) in the atmosphere, however, and poor visibility have become a complex environmental problem for the region. Air quality modeling systems are useful to understand the temporal and spatial distribution of air pollution, making use of atmospheric emission data as inputs. Over the years, several atmospheric emission inventories have been developed for the Asia region. The main purpose of this work is to evaluate the performance of the air quality modeling system for simulating PM concentrations over the PRD using three atmospheric emission inventories (i.e., EDGAR, REAS and MIX) during a winter and a summer period. In general, there is a tendency to underestimate PM levels, but results based on the EDGAR emission inventory show slightly better accuracy. However, improvements in the spatial and temporal disaggregation of emissions are still needed to properly represent PRD air quality. This study’s comparison of the three emission inventories’ data, as well as their PM simulating outcomes, generates recommendations for future improvements to atmospheric emission inventories and our understanding of air pollution problems in the PRD region.
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Toth, Lorand, Angelica Călămar, Alexandru Simion, and Alin Irimia. "Performing comparative determinations on pollutant immissions through reference methods and by means of infrared spectroscopy." MATEC Web of Conferences 305 (2020): 00057. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202030500057.
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Atmospheric pollutants come from a series of anthropic activities and natural processes. When feeding large amounts of polluting species into the atmospheric layer, the issue of air pollution phenomenology is stated. Atmospheric pollution implies a risk generated by exposure to harmful substances (under different forms of aggregation) for all living organisms in the biosphere. This paper aims to identify the possibility of using an alternative method of determining air quality compared to currently used reference methods. There is the question of checking through statistical tools of the advantage of using a single determination to obtain the pollutant species and the gas concentrations Currently, carbon oxide concentration is determined by non-dispersive IR spectroscopy, nitrogen oxides are determined by chemiluminescence and sulphur dioxide is determined by UV fluorescence, these being the reference methods. For the achievement of highlighting results, the gas concentrations will be determined both by the reference methods and by an alternative method involving Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, imposing on the alternative method quality assurance criteria. By knowing the pollutant levels, can develop various air pollution control technologies and strategies in order to reduce air pollution, also design effective and economically efficient air pollution control strategies for human protection. Expected results involve data processing, obtained from field measurements of polluting species (CO, NOx SO2), through statistical instruments (repeatability / reproducibility limit, bias, accuracy and uncertainty of measurement) and establishing the framing of the results in the performance requirements imposed by the specialized literature in order to use modern methods for quantifying the level of air pollution.
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Klyuev, N. N. "The quality of atmospheric air of Russian cities in 1991–2016." Izvestiya Rossiiskoi akademii nauk. Seriya geograficheskaya, no. 1 (April 1, 2019): 14–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s2587-55662019114-23.
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The analysis of quality of atmospheric air in Russian cities for 2000-2016 has been carried out. Four cities (Bratsk, Magnitogorsk, Chita and Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk) during this period almost every year fell into the “black lists” of Roshydromet – of both chronically and extremely polluted cities. As far as regions are concerned, the cities with high level of atmospheric pollution are allocated in Irkutsk oblast, Krasnoyarsk krai, as well as Sverdlovsk and Chelyabinsk oblasts. The leading factors of formation of environmental situation in cities depending on their localization, specialization and population size have been revealed: 1) large industrial emissions and transport emissions; 2) emissions of mostly unidentified sources of pollution; 3) high natural potential of atmospheric pollution; 4) “import” of pollution from external sources due to an unfavorable ecological and geographical location. The author believes that the cardinal solution of the problem of dirty air is possible only on the basis of regulation of territorial development of Russia.
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Wang, Wen Yong, Nan Chen, and Xiao Juan Ma. "Research on Atmospheric Environmental Capacity Model of Urban Agglomeration." Advanced Materials Research 518-523 (May 2012): 1311–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.518-523.1311.
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The urban agglomeration is the area with industrial centralization, dense population and vehicles collecting, which is the heavily air polluted place but also the place with demand of hi-quality atmosphere. The only condition to assure the city clusters in sustainable development is that the economy and the environment shall be advanced in coordination, i.e. the economy shall be kept fast developing while the air quality shall satisfy the citizen’s healthy existence and the biologic balance. The basic measure to realize such condition is to control the total amount of pollutants discharged not exceed the atmospheric environmental capacity(AEC) ,in short, implementing the capacity total quantity control(CTQC).so calculate the value of atmospheric environmental capacity is very important. On account that this thesis has considered comprehensively the relations among ambient air quality to come up to national ambient air quality standard(NAAQS), the investment for controlling the pollution and the loss by contamination hazard, an optimized atmospheric environmental capacity model is established with the bi-objective functions of least investment for controlling the pollution and loss by contamination hazard as well as the restricting condition is atmospheric environmental quality meet the NAAQS. Taking the northern urban agglomeration in Leshan City as an example we have calculated the actual SO2 atmospheric environmental capacity and provided an instance for the model’s promotion of application.
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Shaddick, Gavin, James M. Salter, Vincent-Henri Peuch, Guilia Ruggeri, Matthew L. Thomas, Pierpaulo Mudu, Oksana Tarasova, Alexander Baklanov, and Sophie Gumy. "Global Air Quality: An Inter-Disciplinary Approach to Exposure Assessment for Burden of Disease Analyses." Atmosphere 12, no. 1 (December 31, 2020): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12010048.
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Global assessments of air quality and health require comprehensive estimates of the exposures to air pollution that are experienced by populations in every country. However, there are many countries in which measurements from ground-based monitoring are sparse or non-existent, with quality-control and representativeness providing additional challenges. While ground-based monitoring provides a far from complete picture of global air quality, there are other sources of information that provide comprehensive coverage across the globe. The World Health Organization developed the Data Integration Model for Air Quality (DIMAQ) to combine information from ground measurements with that from other sources, such as atmospheric chemical transport models and estimates from remote sensing satellites in order to produce the information that is required for health burden assessment and the calculation of air pollution-related Sustainable Development Goals indicators. Here, we show an example of the use of DIMAQ with the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service Re-Analysis (CAMSRA) of atmospheric composition, which represents the best practices in meteorology and climate monitoring that were developed under the World Meteorological Organization’s Global Atmosphere Watch programme. Estimates of PM2.5 from CAMSRA are integrated within the DIMAQ framework in order to produce high-resolution estimates of air pollution exposure that can be aggregated in a coherent fashion to produce country-level assessments of exposures.
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Guttikunda, Sarath, and Puja Jawahar. "Can We Vacuum Our Air Pollution Problem Using Smog Towers?" Atmosphere 11, no. 9 (August 29, 2020): 922. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos11090922.
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In November 2019, the Supreme Court of India issued a notification to all the states in the National Capital Region of Delhi to install smog towers for clean air and allocated INR 36 crores (~USD 5.2 million) for a pilot. Can we vacuum our air pollution problem using smog towers? The short answer is “no”. Atmospheric science defines the air pollution problem as (a) a dynamic situation where the air is moving at various speeds with no boundaries and (b) a complex mixture of chemical compounds constantly forming and transforming into other compounds. With no boundaries, it is unscientific to assume that one can trap air, clean it, and release into the same atmosphere simultaneously. In this paper, we outline the basics of atmospheric science to describe why the idea of vacuuming outdoor air pollution is unrealistic, and the long view on air quality management in Indian cities.
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Gäbel, Paul, Christian Koller, and Elke Hertig. "Development of Air Quality Boxes Based on Low-Cost Sensor Technology for Ambient Air Quality Monitoring." Sensors 22, no. 10 (May 18, 2022): 3830. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22103830.
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Analyses of the relationships between climate, air substances and health usually concentrate on urban environments because of increased urban temperatures, high levels of air pollution and the exposure of a large number of people compared to rural environments. Ongoing urbanization, demographic ageing and climate change lead to an increased vulnerability with respect to climate-related extremes and air pollution. However, systematic analyses of the specific local-scale characteristics of health-relevant atmospheric conditions and compositions in urban environments are still scarce because of the lack of high-resolution monitoring networks. In recent years, low-cost sensors (LCS) became available, which potentially provide the opportunity to monitor atmospheric conditions with a high spatial resolution and which allow monitoring directly at vulnerable people. In this study, we present the atmospheric exposure low-cost monitoring (AELCM) system for several air substances like ozone, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide and particulate matter, as well as meteorological variables developed by our research group. The measurement equipment is calibrated using multiple linear regression and extensively tested based on a field evaluation approach at an urban background site using the high-quality measurement unit, the atmospheric exposure monitoring station (AEMS) for meteorology and air substances, of our research group. The field evaluation took place over a time span of 4 to 8 months. The electrochemical ozone sensors (SPEC DGS-O3: R2: 0.71–0.95, RMSE: 3.31–7.79 ppb) and particulate matter sensors (SPS30 PM1/PM2.5: R2: 0.96–0.97/0.90–0.94, RMSE: 0.77–1.07 µg/m3/1.27–1.96 µg/m3) showed the best performances at the urban background site, while the other sensors underperformed tremendously (SPEC DGS-NO2, SPEC DGS-CO, MQ131, MiCS-2714 and MiCS-4514). The results of our study show that meaningful local-scale measurements are possible with the former sensors deployed in an AELCM unit.
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Jachimowski, Artur, Marcin Paprocki, and Magdalena Wojnarowska. "Tackling Air Pollution in Krakow." E3S Web of Conferences 44 (2018): 00053. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20184400053.
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Data used in order to determine the level of pollutants present in the air in Krakow came from three air quality monitoring stations located in Bulwarowa street, Bujaka street and Krasińskiego avenue. Based on these data, an analysis was performed concerning air quality in Krakow in 2010-2016. Also, a correlation analysis was performed to investigate the relation between air quality parameters and meteorological parameters, such as: wind, precipitation, temperature. An analysis of the results obtained showed that two factors are critical for the variability of air pollution in Krakow. The first of them is low-stack emissions from coal stoves and boilers. The other factor is the type of atmospheric circulation. It has been determined that the worst air quality occurs in the heating season as the prevailing circulation is anticyclonic (high-pressure) characterised by low temperature, lack or small amount of precipitation, weak wind and thermal inversion. The paper presents preventive measures aimed at reducing the amount of pollutants in Krakow. It has been found that in order to reduce the level of air pollution in Krakow, especially in the heating season, it is necessary to intensify operations aimed at eliminating coal and wood stoves and boilers.
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Popov, Oleksandr, Andrii Iatsyshyn, Valeriia Kovach, Volodymyr Artemchuk, Iryna Kameneva, Dmytro Taraduda, Vitaliy Sobyna, Dmitry Sokolov, Maksim Dement, and Teodoziia Yatsyshyn. "Risk Assessment for the Population of Kyiv, Ukraine as a Result of Atmospheric Air Pollution." Journal of Health and Pollution 10, no. 25 (March 2020): 200303. http://dx.doi.org/10.5696/2156-9614-10.25.200303.
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Background. According to the World Health Organization, 92% of the world's population lives in places where air quality levels exceed recommended limits. Recently, Ukraine had the most deaths per every 100,000 people (out of 120 countries) attributed to atmospheric air pollution. High levels of atmospheric air pollution have been observed not only in typically industrial regions, but in Ukraine's capital, Kyiv, as well. Objectives. The aim of the present study was to establish the state of air pollution in Kyiv and perform a risk assessment of associated human health effects. Methods. Using official statistics and state monitoring data, the study aimed to identify and analyze risks to the health of Kyiv's population associated with air pollution. The following methods were used: systematic, functional and comparative analysis, risk theory, mathematical modeling, probability theory and mathematical statistics, as well as geographic information system technologies for digital map design and objective-oriented methodology for software design systems. Results. The risk values across different areas of the city varied significantly, indicating that atmospheric air quality remains unstable. Areas with the highest and lowest risk values were identified. Conclusions. The environmental state of atmospheric air in Kyiv requires greater attention and additional research to identify the causes of air pollution, along with implementation of measures to improve air quality. Competing Interests. The authors declare no competing financial interests.
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RACHDEV, R. N., and RAMESH K. KAPOOR. "Meteorological aspects of air pollution pertinent to establishing urban air quality standards." MAUSAM 25, no. 3 (February 21, 2022): 427–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v25i3.5251.
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This paper summarises the results of some of the diffusion studies carried at Trombay with argon-41 from CIRUS stack as tracer. The downwind concentrations as observed over time intervals varying from a few minutes to several weeks have been studied as a function of meteorological variables. The implications of these considerations in urban air pollution surveys and the importance of correctly estimating the short-term concentrations of effluent toxic gases from industries are then discussed.
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Lelieveld, Jos. "Clean air in the Anthropocene." Faraday Discussions 200 (2017): 693–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7fd90032e.
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In atmospheric chemistry, interactions between air pollution, the biosphere and human health, often through reaction mixtures from both natural and anthropogenic sources, are of growing interest. Massive pollution emissions in the Anthropocene have transformed atmospheric composition to the extent that biogeochemical cycles, air quality and climate have changed globally and partly profoundly. It is estimated that mortality attributable to outdoor air pollution amounts to 4.33 million individuals per year, associated with 123 million years of life lost. Worldwide, air pollution is the major environmental risk factor to human health, and strict air quality standards have the potential to strongly reduce morbidity and mortality. Preserving clean air should be considered a human right, and is fundamental to many sustainable development goals of the United Nations, such as good health, climate action, sustainable cities, clean energy, and protecting life on land and in the water. It would be appropriate to adopt “clean air” as a sustainable development goal.
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Shi, Zongbo, Tuan Vu, Simone Kotthaus, Roy M. Harrison, Sue Grimmond, Siyao Yue, Tong Zhu, et al. "Introduction to the special issue “In-depth study of air pollution sources and processes within Beijing and its surrounding region (APHH-Beijing)”." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 19, no. 11 (June 5, 2019): 7519–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-7519-2019.
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Abstract. The Atmospheric Pollution and Human Health in a Chinese Megacity (APHH-Beijing) programme is an international collaborative project focusing on understanding the sources, processes and health effects of air pollution in the Beijing megacity. APHH-Beijing brings together leading China and UK research groups, state-of-the-art infrastructure and air quality models to work on four research themes: (1) sources and emissions of air pollutants; (2) atmospheric processes affecting urban air pollution; (3) air pollution exposure and health impacts; and (4) interventions and solutions. Themes 1 and 2 are closely integrated and support Theme 3, while Themes 1–3 provide scientific data for Theme 4 to develop cost-effective air pollution mitigation solutions. This paper provides an introduction to (i) the rationale of the APHH-Beijing programme and (ii) the measurement and modelling activities performed as part of it. In addition, this paper introduces the meteorology and air quality conditions during two joint intensive field campaigns – a core integration activity in APHH-Beijing. The coordinated campaigns provided observations of the atmospheric chemistry and physics at two sites: (i) the Institute of Atmospheric Physics in central Beijing and (ii) Pinggu in rural Beijing during 10 November–10 December 2016 (winter) and 21 May–22 June 2017 (summer). The campaigns were complemented by numerical modelling and automatic air quality and low-cost sensor observations in the Beijing megacity. In summary, the paper provides background information on the APHH-Beijing programme and sets the scene for more focused papers addressing specific aspects, processes and effects of air pollution in Beijing.
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Kuula, Joel, Hilkka Timonen, Jarkko V. Niemi, Hanna E. Manninen, Topi Rönkkö, Tareq Hussein, Pak Lun Fung, et al. "Opinion: Insights into updating Ambient Air Quality Directive 2008/50/EC." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 22, no. 7 (April 12, 2022): 4801–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-4801-2022.
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Abstract. As evidence of adverse health effects due to air pollution continues to increase, the World Health Organization (WHO) recently published its latest edition of the global air quality guidelines (World Health Organization, 2021). Although not legally binding, the guidelines aim to provide a framework in which policymakers can combat air pollution by formulating evidence-based air quality management strategies. In the light of this, the European Union has stated its intent to revise the current ambient air quality directive (2008/50/EC) to more closely resemble the newly published WHO guidelines (European Commission, 2020). This article provides an informed opinion on selected features of the air quality directive that we believe would benefit from a reassessment. The selected features include discussion about (1) air quality sensors as a part of a hierarchical observation network, (2) the number of minimum sampling points and their siting criteria, and (3) new target air pollution parameters for future consideration.
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Kurniawan, Agusta. "PENGUKURAN PARAMETER KUALITAS UDARA (CO, NO2, SO2, O3 DAN PM10) DI BUKIT KOTOTABANG BERBASIS ISPU." Jurnal Teknosains 7, no. 1 (July 13, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/teknosains.34658.
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Bukit Kototabang, West Sumatera is one of the 34 global global (Global scale) monitoring stations in the world. Bukit Kototabang GAW Station is an implementation of the Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) program initiated by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) as an effort to monitor global atmospheric conditions. The Global Atmospheric Watch (GAW) Stations have duty to obtain atmospheric data and air quality data in remote area or relatively clean areas and far away from anthropogenic activity. Measurements of air quality parameters (CO, NO2, SO2, O3 and PM10) are continuously conducted at Bukit Kototabang. The monitoring data at Bukit Kototabang GAW Station in 2012 which is converted to Indonesian Air Pollution Standard Index shows the air quality is still good, shown by 353 days classified as clean (index = 0-50), 10 days is moderate (index = 51-100), and 1 day is very unhealthy (index = 200-299). That means 3% of daily air quality in Bukit Kototabang in 2012 is not good.
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Huzlík, Jiří, Jitka Hegrová, Karel Effenberger, Roman Ličbinský, and Martin Brtnický. "Air Quality in Brno City Parks." Atmosphere 11, no. 5 (May 15, 2020): 510. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos11050510.
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Parks embody an important element of urban infrastructure and a basic type of public space that shapes the overall character of a city. They form a counterweight to built-up areas and public spaces with paved surfaces. In this context, parks compensate for the lack of natural, open landscapes in cities and thus have a fundamental impact on the quality of life of their inhabitants. For this reason, it is important to consider the quality of the environment in urban parks, air quality in particular. Concentrations of gaseous pollutants, namely, nitric oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and ozone (O3), were measured in parks of Brno, the second-largest city in the Czech Republic. Relevant concentration values of PM10 solids were determined continuously via the nephelometric method, followed by gravimetric method-based validation. The results obtained through the measurement of wind direction, wind speed, temperature, and relative humidity were used to identify potential sources of air pollution in parks. The “openair” and “openairmaps” packages from the OpenSource software R v. 3.6.2 were employed to analyze the effect of meteorological conditions on air pollution. Local polar concentration maps found use in localizing the most serious sources of air pollution within urban parks. The outcomes of the analyses show that the prevailing amount of the pollution determined at the measuring point most likely originates from the crossroads near the sampled localities. At the monitored spots, the maximum concentrations of pollutants are reached especially during the morning rush hour. The detailed time and spatial course of air pollution in the urban parks were indicated in the respective concentration maps capturing individual pollutants. Significantly increased concentrations of nitrogen oxides were established in a locality situated near a busy road (with the traffic intensity of 33,000 vehicles/d); this scenario generally applied to colder weather. The highest PM10 concentrations were measured at the same location and at an average temperature that proved to be the lowest within the entire set of measurements. In the main city park, unlike other localities, higher concentrations of PM10 were measured in warmer weather; such an effect was probably caused by the park being used to host barbecue parties.
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Sokhi, Ranjeet S., Nicolas Moussiopoulos, Alexander Baklanov, John Bartzis, Isabelle Coll, Sandro Finardi, Rainer Friedrich, et al. "Advances in air quality research – current and emerging challenges." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 22, no. 7 (April 11, 2022): 4615–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-4615-2022.
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Abstract. This review provides a community's perspective on air quality research focusing mainly on developments over the past decade. The article provides perspectives on current and future challenges as well as research needs for selected key topics. While this paper is not an exhaustive review of all research areas in the field of air quality, we have selected key topics that we feel are important from air quality research and policy perspectives. After providing a short historical overview, this review focuses on improvements in characterizing sources and emissions of air pollution, new air quality observations and instrumentation, advances in air quality prediction and forecasting, understanding interactions of air quality with meteorology and climate, exposure and health assessment, and air quality management and policy. In conducting the review, specific objectives were (i) to address current developments that push the boundaries of air quality research forward, (ii) to highlight the emerging prominent gaps of knowledge in air quality research, and (iii) to make recommendations to guide the direction for future research within the wider community. This review also identifies areas of particular importance for air quality policy. The original concept of this review was borne at the International Conference on Air Quality 2020 (held online due to the COVID 19 restrictions during 18–26 May 2020), but the article incorporates a wider landscape of research literature within the field of air quality science. On air pollution emissions the review highlights, in particular, the need to reduce uncertainties in emissions from diffuse sources, particulate matter chemical components, shipping emissions, and the importance of considering both indoor and outdoor sources. There is a growing need to have integrated air pollution and related observations from both ground-based and remote sensing instruments, including in particular those on satellites. The research should also capitalize on the growing area of low-cost sensors, while ensuring a quality of the measurements which are regulated by guidelines. Connecting various physical scales in air quality modelling is still a continual issue, with cities being affected by air pollution gradients at local scales and by long-range transport. At the same time, one should allow for the impacts from climate change on a longer timescale. Earth system modelling offers considerable potential by providing a consistent framework for treating scales and processes, especially where there are significant feedbacks, such as those related to aerosols, chemistry, and meteorology. Assessment of exposure to air pollution should consider the impacts of both indoor and outdoor emissions, as well as application of more sophisticated, dynamic modelling approaches to predict concentrations of air pollutants in both environments. With particulate matter being one of the most important pollutants for health, research is indicating the urgent need to understand, in particular, the role of particle number and chemical components in terms of health impact, which in turn requires improved emission inventories and models for predicting high-resolution distributions of these metrics over cities. The review also examines how air pollution management needs to adapt to the above-mentioned new challenges and briefly considers the implications from the COVID-19 pandemic for air quality. Finally, we provide recommendations for air quality research and support for policy.
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Świsłowski, Paweł, Zbigniew Ziembik, and Małgorzata Rajfur. "Air Quality during New Year’s Eve: A Biomonitoring Study with Moss." Atmosphere 12, no. 8 (July 29, 2021): 975. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12080975.
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Mosses are one of the best bioindicators in the assessment of atmospheric aerosol pollution by heavy metals. Studies using mosses allow both short- and long-term air quality monitoring. The increasing contamination of the environment (including air) is causing a search for new, cheap and effective methods of monitoring its condition. Once such method is the use of mosses in active biomonitoring. The aim of the study was to assess the atmospheric aerosol pollution with selected heavy metals (Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Hg and Pb) from the smoke of fireworks used during New Year’s Eve in the years 2019/2020 and 2020/2021. In studies a biomonitoring moss-bag method with moss Pleurozium schreberi (Willd. ex Brid.) Mitt. genus Pleurozium was used. The research was conducted in the town Prószków (5 km in south direction from Opole, opolskie voivodship, Poland). The moss was exposed 14 days before 31 December (from 17 to 30 of December), on New Year’s Eve (31 December and 1 January) and 2 weeks after the New Year (from 2–15 January). Higher concentrations of analysed elements were determined in samples exposed during New Year’s Eve. Increases in concentrations were demonstrated by analysis of the Relative Accumulation Factor (RAF). The results indicate that the use of fireworks during New Year’s Eve causes an increase in air pollution with heavy metals. In addition, it was shown that the COVID-19 induced restrictions during New Year’s Eve 2020 resulted in a reduction of heavy metal content in moss samples and thus in lower atmospheric aerosol pollution with these analytes. The study confirmed moss usefulness in monitoring of atmospheric aerosol pollution from point sources.
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Lezhenin, А. A., and V. F. Raputa. "Influence of the wind regime on atmospheric pollution in Novosibirsk." Interexpo GEO-Siberia 4 (May 18, 2022): 109–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.33764/2618-981x-2022-4-109-115.
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The actual problem of estimating long-term pollution of the atmosphere of the city according to network observations is considered, using the example of the city of Novosibirsk. To analyze the pollution processes, the results of monthly average measurements of benz(a)pyrene (BP) concentrations at stationary posts of Roshydromet in 2018 were used. A study was carried out to assess the impact of the wind regime on the levels of BP content in the atmospheric air of the city. To determine the wind characteristics, we used observational data at the meteorological station Ogurtsovo, located near the city of Novosibirsk. Taking into account the location of the dominant sources, an analysis was made of the relationships between the recurrence of wind directions and the measured levels of BP concentrations at air quality control posts in cities. The patterns of formation of atmospheric pollution from the recurrence of calm conditions in the cold period of the year have been established. It is shown that in the winter months of 2018, high concentrations of BP, reaching 15-20 MPC, were accompanied by a large number of calms. The study showed that, along with the use of integral indicators, it is necessary to pay attention to the extreme indicators of the city's atmospheric air quality for an objective picture.
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Wei, Liangli, and Xia Li. "Analysis of Spatial Dynamic Correlation and Influencing Factors of Atmospheric Pollution in Urban Agglomeration in China." Sustainability 14, no. 18 (September 14, 2022): 11496. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141811496.
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The fluidity of air pollution makes a cross-regional joint effort to control pollution inevitable. Exploring the dynamic correlation and affecting factors of air pollution in urban agglomerations is conducive to improving the effectiveness of pollution control and promoting the high-quality development of the regional economy. Based on daily data on PM2.5 concentration, the article identifies the dynamic association relationship of atmospheric pollution in urban agglomerations of Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) air pollution transmission channel under the framework of the vector autoregressive model, building the spatial correlation network of atmospheric pollution in urban agglomerations of BTH atmospheric pollution transmission channel, investigating the structure characteristics and influencing factors. The results show that the atmospheric pollution in BTH cities has a general dynamic correlation, which shows a stable multithreaded complex network structure; the overflow direction of air pollution is highly consistent with the weight matrix of northwest wind direction; economic development level, population density, openness degree, geographical location, and the relationship of wind direction are the important factors affecting the spatial association network of atmospheric pollution. We should actively explore the construction mode of urban agglomeration under the constraint of atmospheric pollution and improve the cross-regional collaborative governance mechanism.
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Oyjinda, Pravitra, and Nopparat Pochai. "Numerical Simulation to Air Pollution Emission Control near an Industrial Zone." Advances in Mathematical Physics 2017 (2017): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/5287132.
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A rapid industrial development causes several environment pollution problems. One of the main problems is air pollution, which affects human health and the environment. The consideration of an air pollutant has to focus on a polluted source. An industrial factory is an important reason that releases the air pollutant into the atmosphere. Thus a mathematical model, an atmospheric diffusion model, is used to estimate air quality that can be used to describe the sulfur dioxide dispersion. In this research, numerical simulations to air pollution measurement near industrial zone are proposed. The air pollution control strategies are simulated to achieve desired pollutant concentration levels. The monitoring points are installed to detect the air pollution concentration data. The numerical experiment of air pollution consisted of different situations such as normal and controlled emissions. The air pollutant concentration is approximated by using an explicit finite difference technique. The solutions of calculated air pollutant concentration in each controlled and uncontrolled point source at the monitoring points are compared. The air pollutant concentration levels for each monitoring point are controlled to be at or below the national air quality standard near industrial zone index.
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Dong, Ke. "Interprovincial Space Effect Analysis of China's Atmospheric Environment Quality." Advanced Materials Research 838-841 (November 2013): 2596–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.838-841.2596.
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Through an analysis about the atmospheric environment SO2space effect of China from 2000 to 2011, this article puts forward that the atmospheric pollution in China is influenced by per capital GDP and industrial structure to a large extent. Meanwhile, environmental efficiency factors which should restrict atmospheric environmental pollution have positive spillover effect to environmental pollution to surrounding area, which indicates that the environmental pollution treatment in China in current stage is only transition of the pollution in a disguised form. In some regions, industries are moved to less developed areas around in order to enhance their environmental compliance, so polluting industries cannot be moved out like those in developed regions and the environment is difficult to improve.
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Li, L., C. H. Chen, J. S. Fu, C. Huang, D. G. Streets, H. Y. Huang, G. F. Zhang, et al. "Air quality and emissions in the Yangtze River Delta, China." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 11, no. 4 (February 21, 2011): 1621–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-1621-2011.
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Abstract. Regional trans-boundary air pollution has become an important issue in the field of air pollution modeling. This paper presents the results of the implementation of the MM5-CMAQ modeling system in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) for the months of January and July of 2004. The meteorological parameters are obtained by using the MM5 model. A new regional emission inventory with spatial and temporal allocations based on local statistical data has been developed to provide input emissions data to the MM5-CMAQ modeling system. The pollutant concentrations obtained from the MM5-CMAQ modeling system have been compared with observational data from the national air pollution monitoring network. It is found that air quality in winter in the YRD is generally worse than in summer, due mainly to unfavorable meteorological dispersion conditions. In winter, the pollution transport from Northern China to the YRD reinforces the pollution caused by large local emissions. The monthly average concentration of SO2 in the YRD is 0.026 ± 0.011 mg m−3 in January and 0.017 ± 0.009 mg m−3 in July. Monthly average concentrations of NO2 in the YRD in January and July are 0.021 ± 0.009 mg m−3, and 0.014 ± 0.008 mg m−3, respectively. The monthly average concentration of PM10 in the YRD is 0.080 ± 0.028 mg m−3 in January and 0.025 ± 0.015 mg m−3 in July. Visibility is also a problem, with average deciview values of 26.4 ± 2.95 dcv in winter and 17.6 ± 3.3 dcv in summer. The ozone concentration in the downtown area of a city like Zhoushan can be very high, with the highest simulated value reaching 0.24 mg m−3. In January, the monthly average concentration of O3 in the YRD is 0.052 ± 0.011 mg m−3, and 0.054 ± 0.008 mg m−3 in July. Our results show that ozone and haze have become extremely important issues in the regional air quality. Thus, regional air pollution control is urgently needed to improve air quality in the YRD.
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Kurkatov, S. V., A. P. Mihailuts, and O. Y. Ivanova. "The formation of technogenic loads and chemical pollution of atmospheric air in modern conditions of development of productive forces in Krasnoyarsk region." I.P.Pavlov Russian Medical Biological Herald 24, no. 4 (December 15, 2016): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.23888/pavlovj2016417-24.
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The article presents the results of studying the level of anthropogenic loads on the atmosphere and the nature of their relationship with the index of air pollution (API) in the industrial cities of Krasnoyarsk Krai. Рresents the results of the analysis of planning decisions of industrial cities of Krasnoyarsk Krai pertaining to the formation of air pollution and the influence of meteorological conditions on air quality. Found that the greatest levels of anthropogenic load on atmospheric air are observed in the cities of Norilsk, Krasnoyarsk, Achinsk and Nazarovo. On one-fifth of urban areas of Krasnoyarsk Krai implemented irrational planning decisions that contribute to the conditions of Krasnoyarsk region defining the levels of air pollution above levels of concern.
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Fan, Guo-Feng, Meng Han, Ya-Ting Wang, and Jing-Ru Li. "Evolution Mechanism of Atmospheric Pollution Based on Phase Reconstruction Theory and Time Series Data." International Journal of Applied Evolutionary Computation 8, no. 4 (October 2017): 43–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijaec.2017100104.
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This article applies a delay method and recursive analysis to reconstruct the phase space to study the evolution mechanism of atmospheric pollution, i.e., air quality monitoring. Based on the theory of chaos, it is proven that there are chaotic characteristics of factors influencing air quality. In the meanwhile, the phase space reconstruction algorithm is employed to map the factors that affect the air quality into the high dimensional space, and then, gives its two-dimensional plane, the chaotic characteristics of each influencing factor are eventually proven. The results of the study not only analyze the evolution mechanism of air pollution in recent years, but also provide a theoretical support for the future of air pollution remediation.
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BĂLĂNICĂ DRAGOMIR, MARIANA CARMELIA, CRISTIAN MUNTENIȚĂ, AUREL GABRIEL SIMIONESCU, DANIELA ECATERINA ZECA, IRYNA KRAMAR, and NATALIIA MARYNENKO. "SEASONAL AND SPATIAL VARIATION OF PM10 IN AN URBAN AREA FROM ROMANIA." Journal of Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University 6, no. 3-4 (December 20, 2019): 7–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.15330/jpnu.6.3-4.7-14.
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The cyclic variance of PM10 mass concentration in the urban area in the South-East of Romania has been analysed in the article. SE of Romania is considered to be a territory which has medium level of pollution for a period of last ten years, from 2009 to 2018. The spatial dispersion of PM10 concentration was obtained using the METI-LIS soft wear for each season. The objective of dispersion models is to evaluate how pollutant concentration is spread out taking into account the diffusion. The average measurements of PM10 and meteorological parameters as inputs has been used. An evident seasonal change of PM10 concentrations is observed in the article. In order to establish national measures for the improvement of the atmospheric pollution control it was analysed the mechanism of atmospheric pollution. It was observed that the air quality was overall better in spring and in summer in comparison to the other two periods. With regard to the seasonal variation characteristics of PM10 significant differences for the air quality registered in different months in the researched region were observed. The impact of air temperature on atmospheric pollution was insignificant in spring and autumn; moreover, precipitation was defined as an important influence factor upon the atmospheric pollution. The impact of precipitation on the possibility of atmospheric pollution was obviously different in the four seasons. The research results indicate the meteorological parameters that influence the air pollution become active during the cold seasonal days. It was shown that relative humidity and wind speed are the meteorological parameters that impact the PM10. It was found out that the probability of atmospheric pollution decreased with the increase of air temperature in summer. The research results also testify that the air pollution mapping could be enhanced using atmospheric dispersion models and in-situ measurements.
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Kuzmin, Sergey V., Natalia S. Dodina, Tatyana A. Shashina, Viktor A. Kislitsin, Migmar A. Pinigin, and Olga V. Budarina. "The impact of atmospheric pollution on public health: diagnosis, assessment, and prevention." Hygiene and sanitation 101, no. 10 (October 23, 2022): 1145–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2022-101-10-1145-1150.
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Introduction. Modern epidemiological studies indicate atmospheric air pollution to be one of the leading risk factors for the development of non-communicable diseases. The problem of assessing the impact of atmospheric air pollution on the health of the Russian Federation population is extremely urgent and requires solutions at the federal and regional levels. The purpose of the work was to analyze modern methodological approaches to diagnostics, assessment of the impact of atmospheric pollution on public health and to develop proposals for improving the risk management system to ensure sanitary and epidemiological well-being. Materials and methods. An expert-analytical study was carried out. Analysis materials are scientific publications both on the problem of assessing of the atmospheric pollution impact on health and developing a risk management system based on international experience and the possibility of its implementation in Russia; the results of earlier field studies of atmospheric air, and the results obtained during the implementation of the federal project “Clean Air”. Results. The main directions of further development of the methodology for assessing the adverse impact of atmospheric pollution on health are formulated to solve methodological and practical problems of minimizing the risk to public health. Positive results in managing air quality and reducing its negative impact on health can be achieved by increasing the volume of conducting the best reliable research on establishing links between air pollution and public health, improving approaches to the justification of hygienic standards for atmospheric pollution, improvement of methodological and analytical support for field research, and introduction of a systematic approach to the process of regulation of atmospheric air quality. Limitations. The limitations of the study are related to the fact that this article does not reflect the results of our own epidemiological studies to establish the negative impact of atmospheric pollution on public health. Conclusion. The need to regulate the quality of atmospheric air for the purposes of maintaining and improving the health of the population requires the development and implementation of long-term programs to ensure sanitary and epidemiological well-being, the basis of which should be the placement of health and environmental priorities established by the results of a system analysis, including the establishment of a causal relationship, the identification of priority chemicals and their sources, if reliable data on levels of exposure to the population are available.
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Новикова, L. Novikova, Демина, G. Demina, Степанова, N. Stepanova, Грашина, and D. Grashina. "Integrated Assessment of Kazan’s Atmospheric Air Quality According to Chemical and Biological Monitoring." Safety in Technosphere 2, no. 6 (December 25, 2013): 20–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2157.
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The paper presents the results related to complex assessment of Kazan city air quality by chemical indicators and by photosynthetic activity inhibition level of blue spruce (Pícea pungens). It has been shown that on chemical indicators the air quality fluctuates from high to very high polluted level, and the greatest contribution to air pollution is made by dust, carbon oxide, nitrogen dioxide and formaldehyde. It has been shown that blue spruce’s (Pícea pungens) slowed-down fluorescence indexes are good indicators of atmospheric air pollution. A strong correlation has been revealed between the content of carbon oxide, nitrogen dioxide and dust in the air and the slowed-down fluorescence indexes.
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Rashevskiy, N. M., N. V. Sadovnikova, Т. V. Yereshchenko, and M. A. Кulikov. "FORMULATION OF THE DECISION-MAKING PROBLEM FOR MANAGEMENT OF MOBILE AIR QUALITY MONITORING STATIONS." Engineering and Construction Bulletin of the Caspian Region 112 (2021): 28–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.52684/2312-3702-2021-36-2-28-33.
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The problems of air pollution and air quality monitoring are considered. The study is aimed at substantiating the method of forming a plan for observing atmospheric air pollution using mobile laboratories. A feature of the proposed method is the use of a decision support system for the rational arrangement and operation of laboratories. combined sanitary and hygienic criterion selected to assess of pollution is calculated. The quantitative characteristics of land plots for different urban planning zones are estimated. The implementation of the decision-making problem using the network analysis method is considered. In the course of the study, the parameters of the urban and natural environments that affect the assessment of the atmospheric air quality were studied, a network structure of the mutual influence of these parameters was formed.
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Di Virgilio, Giovanni, Melissa Anne Hart, and Ningbo Jiang. "Meteorological controls on atmospheric particulate pollution during hazard reduction burns." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 18, no. 9 (May 8, 2018): 6585–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-6585-2018.
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Abstract. Internationally, severe wildfires are an escalating problem likely to worsen given projected changes to climate. Hazard reduction burns (HRBs) are used to suppress wildfire occurrences, but they generate considerable emissions of atmospheric fine particulate matter, which depend upon prevailing atmospheric conditions, and can degrade air quality. Our objectives are to improve understanding of the relationships between meteorological conditions and air quality during HRBs in Sydney, Australia. We identify the primary meteorological covariates linked to high PM2.5 pollution (particulates < 2.5 µm in diameter) and quantify differences in their behaviours between HRB days when PM2.5 remained low versus HRB days when PM2.5 was high. Generalised additive mixed models were applied to continuous meteorological and PM2.5 observations for 2011–2016 at four sites across Sydney. The results show that planetary boundary layer height (PBLH) and total cloud cover were the most consistent predictors of elevated PM2.5 during HRBs. During HRB days with low pollution, the PBLH between 00:00 and 07:00 LT (local time) was 100–200 m higher than days with high pollution. The PBLH was similar during 10:00–17:00 LT for both low and high pollution days, but higher after 18:00 LT for HRB days with low pollution. Cloud cover, temperature and wind speed reflected the above pattern, e.g. mean temperatures and wind speeds were 2 ∘C cooler and 0.5 m s−1 lower during mornings and evenings of HRB days when air quality was poor. These cooler, more stable morning and evening conditions coincide with nocturnal westerly cold air drainage flows in Sydney, which are associated with reduced mixing height and vertical dispersion, leading to the build-up of PM2.5. These findings indicate that air pollution impacts may be reduced by altering the timing of HRBs by conducting them later in the morning (by a matter of hours). Our findings support location-specific forecasts of the air quality impacts of HRBs in Sydney and similar regions elsewhere.
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Qi, Ning, Xuemei Tan, Tengfei Wu, Qing Tang, Fengshou Ning, Debin Jiang, Tengtun Xu, Hong Wu, Lingxiao Ren, and Wei Deng. "Temporal and Spatial Distribution Analysis of Atmospheric Pollutants in Chengdu–Chongqing Twin-City Economic Circle." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 7 (April 4, 2022): 4333. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19074333.
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In order to study the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of atmospheric pollutants in cities (districts and counties) in the Chengdu–Chongqing Twin-city Economic Circle (CCEC) and to provide a theoretical basis for atmospheric pollution prevention and control, this paper combined Ambient Air Quality Standards (AAQS) and WHO Global Air Quality Guidelines (GAQG) to evaluate atmospheric pollution and used spatial correlation to determine key pollution areas. The results showed that the distribution of atmospheric pollutants in CCEC presents a certain law, which was consistent with the air pollution transmission channels. Except for particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter equal to or less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) and ozone (O3), other pollutants reached Grade II of AAQS in 2020, among which particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter equal to or less than 10 μm (PM10), PM2.5, sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and carbon monoxide (CO) have improved. Compared with the air quality guidelines given in the GAQG, PM10, PM2.5, NO2 and O3 have certain effects on human health. The spatial aggregation of PM10 and PM2.5 decreased year by year, while the spatial aggregation of O3 increased with the change in time, and the distribution of NO2 pollution had no obvious aggregation. Comprehensive analysis showed that the pollution problems of particulate matter, NO2 and O3 in CCEC need to be further controlled.
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Baklanov, A. "Overview of the European project FUMAPEX." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 6, no. 7 (June 8, 2006): 2005–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-6-2005-2006.
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Abstract. The quality of the urban air pollution forecast critically depends on the mapping of emissions, the urban air pollution models, and the meteorological data. The quality of the meteorological data should be largely enhanced by using downscaled data from advanced numerical weather prediction models. These different topics, as well as the application of population exposure models, have traditionally been treated in distinct scientific communities whose expertise needs to be combined to enhance the possibilities of forecasting air pollution episodes in European cities. For this purpose the EU project "Integrated Systems for Forecasting Urban Meteorology, Air Pollution and Population Exposure'' (FUMAPEX) (http://fumapex.dmi.dk), involving 22 organizations from 10 European countries, was initiated. The main objectives of the project are the improvement of meteorological forecasts for urban areas, the connection of numerical weather prediction models to urban air pollution and population exposure models, the building of improved Urban Air Quality Information and Forecasting Systems, and their application in cities in various European climates. This paper overviews the project items and first two-years results, it is an introduction to the whole ACP issue.
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Kabdykadyrov, A. A., G. A. Mukanova, M. M. Dauletbaeva, and N. V. Voronova. "THE DYNAMIC ASSESSMENT OF ATMOSPHERIC AIR QUALITY IN UST-KAMENOGORSK FOR THE PERIOD 2009...2019." Hydrometeorology and ecology 101, no. 2 (2021): 33–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.54668/2789-6323-2021-101-2-33-39.
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The article analyzes the dynamics of the content of the main pollutants in the atmosphere of Ust- Kamenogorsk for the period 2009...2019. Based on the results of the analysis of the dynamics of atmospheric air quality, it is concluded that during the time course of the study period, the average monthly concentrations of sulfur dioxide and formaldehyde in the surface layer of the atmosphere have increased, and cases with high atmospheric pollution according to MPC of hydrogen sulfide have become more frequent in the last 2...3 years. The practical significance of the results obtained can be used in the preparation, planning and practical implementation of comprehensive programs for improving the urban environment, as well as used for further regional assessment of the ecological state of the atmosphere.
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Yeremin, Gennady, Olga Markova, Sergei Noskov, and Olga Mironenko. "On the issue of improving the assessment of atmospheric air quality in the area of industrial enterprises." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Medicine 15, no. 3 (2020): 208–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu11.2020.306.
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In the Russian Federation, since 2018, the implementation of the Federal project “Clean air” has begun, planned until 2024. Within the framework of this project, a set of works is planned to reduce the level of atmospheric air pollution and improve the quality of monitoring of harmful substances in the atmosphere. Our research was aimed at improving the monitoring of the quality and condition of atmospheric air in the city of Volkhov, Leningrad region, in the industrial zone of which modern production facilities are dynamically developing. Pollutants of 78 types are released into the atmosphere of the city from 13 enterprises. The total emission of pollutants into the atmosphere from these enterprises is 9.12 thousand tons/year. The most significant contribution is made by the following enterprises: JSC “metachem” (JSC “Apatit”) — 23.7 %; JSC “pikalevskaia soda” (LLC “Glatsem”) — 62.6 %, located on the same industrial site.