Relevant bibliographies by topics / Atmospheric mineral dust

Academic literature on the topic 'Atmospheric mineral dust'

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Published: 14 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Atmospheric mineral dust"

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Jeong, G. Y., and E. P. Achterberg. "Chemistry and mineralogy of clay minerals in Asian and Saharan dusts and the implications for iron supply to the oceans." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 14, no. 22 (November 27, 2014): 12415–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-12415-2014.

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Abstract. Mineral dust supplied to remote ocean regions stimulates phytoplankton growth through delivery of micronutrients, notably iron (Fe). Although attention is usually paid to Fe (hydr)oxides as major sources of available Fe, Fe-bearing clay minerals are typically the dominant phase in mineral dust. The mineralogy and chemistry of clay minerals in dust particles, however, are largely unknown. We conducted microscopic identification and chemical analysis of the clay minerals in Asian and Saharan dust particles. Cross-sectional slices of dust particles were prepared by focused ion beam (FIB) techniques and analyzed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) combined with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDXS). TEM images of FIB slices revealed that clay minerals occurred as either nano-thin platelets or relatively thick plates. Chemical compositions and lattice fringes of the nano-thin platelets suggested that they included illite, smectite, illite–smectite mixed layers, and their nanoscale mixtures (illite–smectite series clay minerals, ISCMs) which could not be resolved with an electron microbeam. EDXS chemical analysis of the clay mineral grains revealed that the average Fe content was 5.8% in nano-thin ISCM platelets assuming 14% H2O, while the Fe content of illite and chlorite was 2.8 and 14.8%, respectively. In addition, TEM and EDXS analyses were performed on clay mineral grains dispersed and loaded on micro-grids. The average Fe content of clay mineral grains was 6.7 and 5.4% in Asian and Saharan dusts, respectively. A comparative X-ray diffraction analysis of bulk dusts showed that Saharan dust was more enriched in clay minerals than Asian dust, while Asian dust was more enriched in chlorite. Clay minerals, in particular nanocrystalline ISCMs and Fe-rich chlorite, are probably important sources of Fe to remote marine ecosystems. Further detailed analyses of the mineralogy and chemistry of clay minerals in global mineral dusts are required to evaluate the inputs of Fe to surface ocean microbial communities.
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Nickovic, S., A. Vukovic, M. Vujadinovic, V. Djurdjevic, and G. Pejanovic. "Technical Note: High-resolution mineralogical database of dust-productive soils for atmospheric dust modeling." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 12, no. 2 (January 18, 2012): 845–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-845-2012.

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Abstract. Dust storms and associated mineral aerosol transport are driven primarily by meso- and synoptic-scale atmospheric processes. It is therefore essential that the dust aerosol process and background atmospheric conditions that drive dust emissions and atmospheric transport are represented with sufficiently well-resolved spatial and temporal features. The effects of airborne dust interactions with the environment determine the mineral composition of dust particles. The fractions of various minerals in aerosol are determined by the mineral composition of arid soils; therefore, a high-resolution specification of the mineral and physical properties of dust sources is needed. Several current dust atmospheric models simulate and predict the evolution of dust concentrations; however, in most cases, these models do not consider the fractions of minerals in the dust. The accumulated knowledge about the impacts of the mineral composition in dust on weather and climate processes emphasizes the importance of including minerals in modeling systems. Accordingly, in this study, we developed a global dataset consisting of the mineral composition of the current potentially dust-producing soils. In our study, we (a) mapped mineral data to a high-resolution 30 s grid, (b) included several mineral-carrying soil types in dust-productive regions that were not considered in previous studies, and (c) included phosphorus.
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Nickovic, S., A. Vukovic, M. Vujadinovic, V. Djurdjevic, and G. Pejanovic. "Technical Note: Minerals in dust productive soils – impacts and global distribution." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 11, no. 9 (September 20, 2011): 26009–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-11-26009-2011.

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Abstract. Dust storms and associated mineral aerosol transport are mainly driven by meso and synoptic scale atmospheric processes. It is therefore essential that the dust aerosol process and background atmospheric conditions that drive the dust emission and atmospheric transport be represented with sufficiently well resolved spatial and temporal features. Effects of airborne dust interactions with the environment are determent by the mineral composition of dust particles. Fractions of various minerals in the aerosol are determined by the mineral composition of arid soils, therefore high-resolution specification of mineral and physical properties of dust sources is needed as well. Most current dust atmospheric models simulate/predict the evolution of dust concentration but in most cases they do not consider fractions of minerals in dust. Accumulated knowledge on impacts of mineral composition in dust on weather and climate processes emphasizes the importance of considering minerals in modelling systems. Following such needs, in this study we developed a global dataset on mineral composition of potentially dust productive soils. In our study (a) we mapped mineral data into a high-resolution 30-s grid, (b) we included mineral carrying soil types in dust productive regions that were not considered in previous studies, and (c) included phosphorus having in mind their importance for terrestrial and marine nutrition processes.
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Worthy, Soleil E., Anand Kumar, Yu Xi, Jingwei Yun, Jessie Chen, Cuishan Xu, Victoria E. Irish, Pierre Amato, and Allan K. Bertram. "The effect of (NH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> on the freezing properties of non-mineral dust ice-nucleating substances of atmospheric relevance." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 21, no. 19 (October 4, 2021): 14631–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-14631-2021.

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Abstract. A wide range of materials including mineral dust, soil dust, and bioaerosols have been shown to act as ice nuclei in the atmosphere. During atmospheric transport, these materials can become coated with inorganic and organic solutes which may impact their ability to nucleate ice. While a number of studies have investigated the impact of solutes at low concentrations on ice nucleation by mineral dusts, very few studies have examined their impact on non-mineral dust ice nuclei. We studied the effect of dilute (NH4)2SO4 solutions (0.05 M) on immersion freezing of a variety of non-mineral dust ice-nucleating substances (INSs) including bacteria, fungi, sea ice diatom exudates, sea surface microlayer substances, and humic substances using the droplet-freezing technique. We also studied the effect of (NH4)2SO4 solutions (0.05 M) on the immersion freezing of several types of mineral dust particles for comparison purposes. (NH4)2SO4 had no effect on the median freezing temperature (ΔT50) of 9 of the 10 non-mineral dust materials tested. There was a small but statistically significant decrease in ΔT50 (−0.43 ± 0.19 ∘C) for the bacteria Xanthomonas campestris in the presence of (NH4)2SO4 compared to pure water. Conversely, (NH4)2SO4 increased the median freezing temperature of four different mineral dusts (potassium-rich feldspar, Arizona Test Dust, kaolinite, montmorillonite) by 3 to 9 ∘C and increased the ice nucleation active site density per gram of material (nm(T)) by a factor of ∼ 10 to ∼ 30. This significant difference in the response of mineral dust and non-mineral dust ice-nucleating substances when exposed to (NH4)2SO4 suggests that they nucleate ice and/or interact with (NH4)2SO4 via different mechanisms. This difference suggests that the relative importance of mineral dust to non-mineral dust particles for ice nucleation in mixed-phase clouds could potentially increase as these particles become coated with (NH4)2SO4 in the atmosphere. This difference also suggests that the addition of (NH4)2SO4 (0.05 M) to atmospheric samples of unknown composition could potentially be used as an indicator or assay for the presence of mineral dust ice nuclei, although additional studies are still needed as a function of INS concentration to confirm the same trends are observed for different INS concentrations than those used here. A comparison with results in the literature does suggest that our results may be applicable to a range of mineral dust and non-mineral dust INS concentrations.
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Kaufmann, Lukas, Claudia Marcolli, Julian Hofer, Valeria Pinti, Christopher R. Hoyle, and Thomas Peter. "Ice nucleation efficiency of natural dust samples in the immersion mode." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 16, no. 17 (September 9, 2016): 11177–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-11177-2016.

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Abstract. A total of 12 natural surface dust samples, which were surface-collected on four continents, most of them in dust source regions, were investigated with respect to their ice nucleation activity. Dust collection sites were distributed across Africa, South America, the Middle East, and Antarctica. Mineralogical composition has been determined by means of X-ray diffraction. All samples proved to be mixtures of minerals, with major contributions from quartz, calcite, clay minerals, K-feldspars, and (Na, Ca)-feldspars. Reference samples of these minerals were investigated with the same methods as the natural dust samples. Furthermore, Arizona test dust (ATD) was re-evaluated as a benchmark. Immersion freezing of emulsion and bulk samples was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry. For emulsion measurements, water droplets with a size distribution peaking at about 2 µm, containing different amounts of dust between 0.5 and 50 wt % were cooled until all droplets were frozen. These measurements characterize the average freezing behaviour of particles, as they are sensitive to the average active sites present in a dust sample. In addition, bulk measurements were conducted with one single 2 mg droplet consisting of a 5 wt % aqueous suspension of the dusts/minerals. These measurements allow the investigation of the best ice-nucleating particles/sites available in a dust sample. All natural dusts, except for the Antarctica and ATD samples, froze in a remarkably narrow temperature range with the heterogeneously frozen fraction reaching 10 % between 244 and 250 K, 25 % between 242 and 246 K, and 50 % between 239 and 244 K. Bulk freezing occurred between 255 and 265 K. In contrast to the natural dusts, the reference minerals revealed ice nucleation temperatures with 2–3 times larger scatter. Calcite, dolomite, dolostone, and muscovite can be considered ice nucleation inactive. For microcline samples, a 50 % heterogeneously frozen fraction occurred above 245 K for all tested suspension concentrations, and a microcline mineral showed bulk freezing temperatures even above 270 K. This makes microcline (KAlSi3O8) an exceptionally good ice-nucleating mineral, superior to all other analysed K-feldspars, (Na, Ca)-feldspars, and the clay minerals. In summary, the mineralogical composition can explain the observed freezing behaviour of 5 of the investigated 12 natural dust samples, and partly for 6 samples, leaving the freezing efficiency of only 1 sample not easily explained in terms of its mineral reference components. While this suggests that mineralogical composition is a major determinant of ice-nucleating ability, in practice, most natural samples consist of a mixture of minerals, and this mixture seems to lead to remarkably similar ice nucleation abilities, regardless of their exact composition, so that global models, in a first approximation, may represent mineral dust as a single species with respect to ice nucleation activity. However, more sophisticated representations of ice nucleation by mineral dusts should rely on the mineralogical composition based on a source scheme of dust emissions.
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Boose, Yvonne, André Welti, James Atkinson, Fabiola Ramelli, Anja Danielczok, Heinz G. Bingemer, Michael Plötze, Berko Sierau, Zamin A. Kanji, and Ulrike Lohmann. "Heterogeneous ice nucleation on dust particles sourced from nine deserts worldwide – Part 1: Immersion freezing." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 16, no. 23 (December 6, 2016): 15075–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-15075-2016.

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Abstract. Desert dust is one of the most abundant ice nucleating particle types in the atmosphere. Traditionally, clay minerals were assumed to determine the ice nucleation ability of desert dust and constituted the focus of ice nucleation studies over several decades. Recently some feldspar species were identified to be ice active at much higher temperatures than clay minerals, redirecting studies to investigate the contribution of feldspar to ice nucleation on desert dust. However, so far no study has shown the atmospheric relevance of this mineral phase.For this study four dust samples were collected after airborne transport in the troposphere from the Sahara to different locations (Crete, the Peloponnese, Canary Islands, and the Sinai Peninsula). Additionally, 11 dust samples were collected from the surface from nine of the biggest deserts worldwide. The samples were used to study the ice nucleation behavior specific to different desert dusts. Furthermore, we investigated how representative surface-collected dust is for the atmosphere by comparing to the ice nucleation activity of the airborne samples. We used the IMCA-ZINC setup to form droplets on single aerosol particles which were subsequently exposed to temperatures between 233 and 250 K. Dust particles were collected in parallel on filters for offline cold-stage ice nucleation experiments at 253–263 K. To help the interpretation of the ice nucleation experiments the mineralogical composition of the dusts was investigated. We find that a higher ice nucleation activity in a given sample at 253 K can be attributed to the K-feldspar content present in this sample, whereas at temperatures between 238 and 245 K it is attributed to the sum of feldspar and quartz content present. A high clay content, in contrast, is associated with lower ice nucleation activity. This confirms the importance of feldspar above 250 K and the role of quartz and feldspars determining the ice nucleation activities at lower temperatures as found by earlier studies for monomineral dusts. The airborne samples show on average a lower ice nucleation activity than the surface-collected ones. Furthermore, we find that under certain conditions milling can lead to a decrease in the ice nucleation ability of polymineral samples due to the different hardness and cleavage of individual mineral phases causing an increase of minerals with low ice nucleation ability in the atmospherically relevant size fraction. Comparison of our data set to an existing desert dust parameterization confirms its applicability for climate models. Our results suggest that for an improved prediction of the ice nucleation ability of desert dust in the atmosphere, the modeling of emission and atmospheric transport of the feldspar and quartz mineral phases would be key, while other minerals are only of minor importance.
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Langmann, Baerbel. "Volcanic Ash versus Mineral Dust: Atmospheric Processing and Environmental and Climate Impacts." ISRN Atmospheric Sciences 2013 (June 12, 2013): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/245076.

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This review paper contrasts volcanic ash and mineral dust regarding their chemical and physical properties, sources, atmospheric load, deposition processes, atmospheric processing, and environmental and climate effects. Although there are substantial differences in the history of mineral dust and volcanic ash particles before they are released into the atmosphere, a number of similarities exist in atmospheric processing at ambient temperatures and environmental and climate impacts. By providing an overview on the differences and similarities between volcanic ash and mineral dust processes and effects, this review paper aims to appeal for future joint research strategies to extend our current knowledge through close cooperation between mineral dust and volcanic ash researchers.
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Navea, Juan G., Haihan Chen, Min Huang, Gregory R. Carmichel, and Vicki H. Grassian. "A comparative evaluation of water uptake on several mineral dust sources." Environmental Chemistry 7, no. 2 (2010): 162. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/en09122.

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Environmental context. Dust particles produced from wind blown soils are of global significance as these dust particles not only impact visibility, as evident in the recent 2009 Australian dust storm, but also atmospheric chemistry, climate and biogeochemical cycles. The amount of water vapour in the atmosphere (relative humidity) can play a role in these global processes yet there are few studies and little quantitative data on water-dust particle interactions. The focus of this research is on quantifying water-dust particle interactions for several dust sources including Asia and Africa where dust storms are most prevalent. Abstract. Mineral dust aerosol provides a reactive surface in the troposphere. The reactivity of mineral dust depends on the source region as chemical composition and mineralogy of the aerosol affects its interaction with atmospheric gases. Furthermore, the impact of mineral dust aerosol in atmospheric processes and climate is a function of relative humidity. In this study, we have investigated water uptake of complex dust samples. In particular, water uptake as a function of relative humidity has been measured on three different dust sources that have been characterised using a variety of bulk and surface techniques. For these well-characterised dust samples, it is shown that although there are variations in chemical composition and mineralogy, on a per mass basis, water uptake capacities for the three dusts are very similar and are comparable to single component clay samples. These results suggest that the measured uptake of water of these bulk samples is dominated by the clay component.
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Chen, Lanxiadi, Chao Peng, Wenjun Gu, Hanjing Fu, Xing Jian, Huanhuan Zhang, Guohua Zhang, Jianxi Zhu, Xinming Wang, and Mingjin Tang. "On mineral dust aerosol hygroscopicity." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 20, no. 21 (November 13, 2020): 13611–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-13611-2020.

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Abstract. Despite its importance, hygroscopicity of mineral dust aerosol remains highly uncertain. In this work, we investigated water adsorption and hygroscopicity of different mineral dust samples at 25 ∘C, via measurement of sample mass at different relative humidity (RH, up to 90 %) using a vapor sorption analyzer. Mineral dust samples examined (21 in total) included seven authentic mineral dust samples from different regions in the world and 14 major minerals contained in mineral dust aerosol. At 90 % RH, the mass ratios of adsorbed water to the dry mineral ranged from 0.0011 to 0.3080, largely depending on the BET surface areas of mineral dust samples. The fractional surface coverages of adsorbed water were determined to vary between 1.26 and 8.63 at 90 % RH, and it was found that the Frenkel–Halsey–Hill (FHH) adsorption isotherm could describe surface coverages of adsorbed water as a function of RH well, with AFHH and BFHH parameters in the range of 0.15–4.39 and 1.10–1.91, respectively. The comprehensive and robust data obtained would largely improve our knowledge of hygroscopicity of mineral dust aerosol.
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Takahashi, Y., M. Higashi, T. Furukawa, and S. Mitsunobu. "Change of iron species and iron solubility in Asian dust during the long-range transport from western China to Japan." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 11, no. 7 (July 8, 2011): 19545–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-11-19545-2011.

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Abstract. In the North Pacific, transport and deposition of mineral dust from Asia appear to be one of major sources of iron which can regulate growth of phytoplankton in the ocean. In this process, it is essential to identify chemical species of iron contained in Asian dust, because bioavailability of iron in the ocean is strongly influenced by the solubility of iron, which in turn is dependent on iron species in the dust. Here, we report that clay minerals (illite and chlorite) in the dusts near the source (western China) are transformed into ferrihydrite by atmospheric chemical processes during their long-range transport to eastern China and Japan based on the speciation by X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) and other methods such as X-ray diffraction and chemical extraction. Moreover, it was found that iron in the dust after the transport becomes more soluble in our leaching experiments conducted for 24 h compared with those for initial dusts possibly due to the formation of ferrihydrite in the atmosphere. Our findings suggested that ferrihydrite secondarily formed during the transport is an important source of soluble iron species, which can be more soluble than clay minerals initially contained in the mineral dust such as illite and chlorite.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Atmospheric mineral dust"

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Ponczek, Milena. "Understanding Atmospheric Mineral Dust Photochemistry." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE1190.

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Les minéraux absorbent la lumière proche des UV (comme TiO2, Fe2O3, MgO) présents dans les aérosols minéraux interagissent avec les gaz traces présents dans l'atmosphère et peuvent initier une nouvelle chimie hétérogène photo-induite potentiellement significative et actuellement peu documentée. Cette thèse vise à aborder différentes questions sur la réactivité des poussières minérales vers les composés organiques et évaluer l'impact de ces interactions sur plusieurs aspects des sciences de l'atmosphère. Nous avons étudié expérimentalement l'interaction physico-chimique d'aérosols minéraux, purs ou revêtus de matériaux organiques/inorganiques avec des gaz traces de plusieurs familles chimiques (alcools, cétones, acides carboxyliques), dans des conditions simulées proches de l'environnement reel (concernant l'humidité, la concentration en phase gazeuse, la longueur d'onde et l'intensité de l'irradiation, la pression et la température) évaluant les effets des conditions ambiantes sur la cinétique de capture et la génération de produits en phase gazeuse. Dans l'ensemble, nos résultats montrent clairement que les reactions photochimique des poussières minérales doit être considéré comme une source de composés réactifs et comme un processus clé affectant leur action sur la nucléation de la glace et les noyaux de condensation des nuages
Minerals that absorb light near UV/Vis present in dust aerosols interact with trace gases in the atmosphere and can initiate a new and potentially significant photo-induced heterogeneous chemistry, which is currently poorly documented. This thesis aims to address different issues of mineral dust reactivity towards organic compounds and, therefore, assesses the impact of these interactions on several aspects of atmospheric sciences. We investigated experimentally the physicochemical interaction of mineral aerosols (synthetic and natural), pure or coated with organic/inorganic materials with trace gases from several chemical families (alcohols, ketones, carboxylic acids, etc.), under simulated conditions close to the real environment (regarding to humidity, concentration in the gas phase, wavelength and intensity of irradiation, pressure and temperature). In a first approach, we studied the uptake of oxygenated organics onto different dust proxies such as SiO2, TiO2 and Arizona test dust (ATD) evaluating the effects of ambient conditions on the uptake kinetics and product generation. Then, we discussed the chemistry of 5 dicarboxylic acids (C4-C8) on ATD particles upon UV-A irradiation monitoring products in the gas phase as well as those whose stay adsorbed on the particulate phase. Lastly, we investigated the influence of nitrate anions on the uptake of acetone on ATD and SiO2 and in the photochemical product formation of glutaric acid on ATD. Overall, our results clearly show that photochemical processing of dust aerosols should be considered as a source of reactive compounds and as a key process affecting their action as ice nucleation and cloud condensation nuclei
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Goodman, Michael Max. "Wasatch Front Atmospheric Deposition Reflects Regional Desert Dust and Local Anthropogenic Sources." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2019. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/8256.

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Dust originating from dry lakes contributes harmful and toxic elements to downwind urban areas and mountain snowpack that is compounded by local contaminant inputs from anthropogenic sources. To evaluate dust contributions to an urban area from regional playas, we sampled playa dust sources, urban dust deposition, and snow dust deposition in central Utah, USA. Samples were analyzed for grain size, mineralogy, and chemistry. Bulk mineralogy between playa, urban, and snow dust samples was similar, with silicate, carbonate, and evaporite minerals. Grain size distribution between fine playa, urban, and snow dust particles was also similar. Elements found at high concentrations in playas include Li, Na, Mg, Ca, Sr, and U, and most other elements were found at higher concentrations in urban and snow deposition samples. Particularly enriched elements in dust deposition include Cu, Se, Ag, Cd, Sb, and La, which are sourced from industrial activity, mining, and vehicular emissions and wear. Based on results from mass balance modeling, a large majority of the dust mass deposited on the Wasatch Front is from playa sources. Urban and playa dust sources largely remain constant seasonally, although spikes in playa-associated element concentrations during a particular seasonal sample may indicate frequent and/or more intense dust events. Among the highly environmentally available elements B, Ca, Sr, and U, are Cd and Se, both of which present toxicity concerns for humans and environments. This is the first study describing heavy metal contamination and sources in Utah, USA.
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Eastwood, Michael Logan. "Ice nucleation on uncoated and coated atmospheric mineral dust particles." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/1613.

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An optical microscope coupled to a flow cell was used to investigate ice nucleation on five atmospherically relevant mineral dusts at temperatures ranging from 233 to 247 K. Kaolinite and muscovite particles were found to be efficient ice nuclei in the deposition mode, requiring relative humidities with respect to ice (RHi) below 112% in order to initiate ice crystal formation. Quartz and calcite particles, by contrast, were poor ice nuclei, requiring relative humidities close to water saturation before ice crystals would form. Montmorillonite particles were efficient ice nuclei at temperatures below 241 K, but poor ice nuclei at higher temperatures. In several cases, there was a lack of quantitative agreement between these data and previously published work. This can be explained by several factors including mineral source, particle size, observation time and surface area available for nucleation. Heterogeneous nucleation rates (Jhet) were calculated from the onset data. Jhet values ranged from 60 to 1100 cm-²s-¹ for the five minerals studied. These values were then used to calculate contact angles (θ) for each mineral according to classical nucleation theory. The contact angles measured for kaolinite and muscovite ranged from 6 to 12º; for quartz and calcite the contact angles were much higher, ranging from 25 to 27º. The contact angles measured for montmorillonite were less than 15º at temperatures below 241 K, and above 20º at higher temperatures. The reported Jhet and θ values may allow for a more direct comparison between laboratory studies and can be used when modeling ice cloud formation in the atmosphere. The roles of H₂SO₄ and (NH4)₂SO₄ coatings on the ice nucleating properties of kaolinite were also investigated. Onset data was collected for H₂SO₄ coated and (NH4)₂SO₄ coated kaolinite particles at temperatures ranging from 233 to 247 K. In contrast to uncoated kaolinite particles, which were effective ice nuclei, H₂SO₄ coated particles were found to be poor ice nuclei, requiring relative humidities close to water saturation before nucleating ice at all temperatures studied. (NH4)₂SO₄ coated particles were poor ice nuclei at 245 K, but effective ice nuclei at 236 K.
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Shannon, Sarah R. "Modelling the atmospheric mineral dust cycle using a dynamic global vegetation model." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.520308.

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Sullivan, Ryan Christopher. "Heterogeneous chemistry of atmospheric mineral dust particles and their resulting cloud-nucleation properties." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2008. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3331170.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2008.
Title from first page of PDF file (viewed Dec. 11, 2008). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Tang, Mingjin [Verfasser]. "Atmospheric heterogeneous reactions of N2O5 and NO3 radicals with mineral dust particles / Mingjin Tang." Mainz : Universitätsbibliothek Mainz, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1019194278/34.

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Cavazos, Guerra C. d. C. "Modelling the atmospheric controls and climate impact of mineral dust in the Sahara Desert." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2011. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1322565/.

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Mineral dust aerosols play an important role in climate and the Earth's energy budget. The effect of dust on the radiative forcing is uncertain due to the complexity of particle properties and the complexity to quantify and discriminate preferential dust sources. This research considers the potential of two Regional Climate Models (RCM’s): The Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF-Chem) and the Regional Climate Model (RegCM3) both with an integrated dust module. Numerical sensitivity experiments are performed to quantify the ability of both models to simulate sources, the magnitude of dust emission, the transport in 3-dimensions and the subsequent impact on the radiative forcing. Particular emphasis is given to preferential source regions within the Sahara and Sahel in North Africa including the Bodélé Depression in Northern Chad. To account for the distribution of preferential dust source regions, soil texture characteristics were modified in dust source regions in RegCM3. As for WRF-Chem GOCART scheme, a new higher resolution erodible fraction map is tested. Moreover, the sensitivity of the results to the specification of aerosol optical properties to evaluate the impacts of optical characteristics on the radiative forcing was considered for the RegCM3. Finally, model outputs are compared to in-situ data: weather stations (WMO) and AERONET and satellite estimates: MODIS, MISR, OMI, CALIPSO and SEVIRI. Results show that both models represent the space/time structure of near-surface meteorology well. The tuning of preferential dust sources tested in this research provides a more realistic representation of local dust sources, emissions and resulting AOT. This suggest that in the absence of truly accurate soil maps at high resolution, further refinements to preferential sources map and its implementation in dust models can lead to useful improvements in simulation of dust processes and dust forecast accuracy.
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Sjöström, Jenny. "Reconstruction of Holocene atmospheric mineral dust deposition from raised peat bogs in south–central Sweden." Licentiate thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för geologiska vetenskaper, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-153723.

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Atmospheric mineral dust plays a dynamic role in the climate system acting both as a forcing and a feedback mechanism. To date, the majority of paleodust studies have been conducted on marine sediments or polar ice cores, while terrestrial deposition has been less studied. As such, it is important to produce new terrestrial Holocene paleo–dust records and fill existing regional gaps. Ombrotrophic (atmospherically–fed) peat bogs can be used to reconstruct dust deposition through elemental chemistry analysis. Multi–elemental data sets are commonly used infer net dust deposition rates, source changes, grain size, and mineral composition. Mineralogical identification of dust particles is particularly important because it allows both provenance tracing and increased understanding in climate and ecosystem feedbacks. Establishing mineralogy from elemental data of mixed mineral matrixes can however be challenging. X–ray diffraction analysis (XRD) is a standard technique for mineral identification which ideally requires removal of organic matter (OM). Therefore, a test procedure was undertaken where common OM removal methods were evaluated on bulk peat samples was therefore undertaken. The results showed that combustion at 500°C was most efficient in removing OM, while leaving the majority of minerals intact, but not all. In this Licenciate thesis, early result of a paleodust study from Draftinge Mosse, southern Sweden, are also outlined. Here, the method development mentioned above was applied, enabling a combination of elemental data with mineralogy. Future work includes minor and trace element analysis by ICP–AES and ICP–MS, evaluation of the reproducibility of single core reconstructions, tests of some of the methodological assumptions used in previous paleodust studies, source tracing and paleodust reconstruction from a second site (Gällsered Mosse).
Atmosfäriskt mineraldamm, mineralpartiklar som lyfts upp i atmosfären och avsätts via eoliska processer, spelar en komplex roll i klimatsystemet då partiklarna påverkar klimatet, samtidigt som rådande klimat också påverkar partikelmängden. De flesta hittills genomförda mineraldamms- studier har utförts på marina sediment eller iskärnor trots att mineraldammspartiklar i störst utsträckning deponeras på kontinenterna. Ombrotrofa mossar (högmossar) kan användas för att rekonstruera avsättning av mineraldamm över tid genom geokemiska analyser på olika djup i torvkärnor. Den kemiska sammansättningen ger information som kan användas för att härleda variationer i partikelmängd, källområden, kornstorlek, samt mineralogisk sammansättning. Bestämning av mineralen är av särskild vikt då det möjliggör identifikation av partiklarnas källområden samt ger kunskap om partiklarnas del i klimat- och ekosystem processer. Att via geokemiska data identifiera mineral prover av blandad sammansättning är dock utmanande, särskilt då många mineral har en liknande kemisk sammansättning. Röntgen diffraktions analys (XRD) är en standardmetod inom berggrundsgeologi för att identifiera mineral, som här används på torvprover. Metoden är icke-destruktiv, men kräver att provet är relativt rent från amorfa faser, så som organiskt material. Då torv innehåller stora mängder organiskt material (>98 %), som dessutom karaktäriseras av att vara svårnedbrutet, utformades ett testprotokoll för att studera vilken metod som är bäst lämpad för att ta bort organiskt material från denna specifika jordtyp. Resultaten från genomförda tester visade att förbränning (500°C) är mest effektivt och även lämnade en majoritet av mineralen intakta, dock inte alla. I denna licenciatavhandling beskrivs även de övergripande målen med min forskning samt tidiga resultat från en mineraldammstudie från Draftinge mosse (Småland), där resultaten från metodstudien ovan applicerats och kombinerats med andra geokemiska data. Vidare arbete inom detta doktorandprojekt kommer innefatta ytterligare geokemiska analyser (spårämnesanalys med ICP-MS och ICP-AES) samt identifiering av källområden. Dessutom kommer ytterligare en mosse (Gällsered mossse) att studeras för förändringar i avsättning av mineraldamm under de senaste 7000 åren.
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Gankanda, Aruni. "Heterogeneous and multiphase chemistry of trace atmospheric gases with mineral dust and other metal containing particles." Diss., University of Iowa, 2016. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/3090.

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Particulate matter in the atmosphere emitted from various natural and anthropogenic sources is important due to their effects on the chemical balance of the atmosphere, the Earth's climate, human health and biogeochemical cycles. Although there have been many studies performed to understand the above effects, there still remains substantial uncertainty associated with processes involved and thus it is difficult for current atmospheric chemistry and climate models to reconcile model results with field measurements. Therefore, it is important to have better agreement between models and observations as the accuracy of future atmospheric chemistry and climate predictions depends on it. In this research, a greater understanding of the role of mineral dust chemistry was pursued through focused laboratory studies in order to better understand fundamental processes involved. In particular, studies to further understand the photochemistry of adsorbed nitrate, an important inorganic ion associated with particulate matter exposed to gas-phase nitrogen oxides, were conducted using Al2O3, TiO2 and NaY zeolite to represent non-photoactive components, photoactive components and aluminosilicate respectively, present in mineral dust. These studies reveal that photochemistry of nitrate adsorbed on mineral dust is governed by wavelength of light, physicochemical properties of dust particles and adsorption mode of nitrate. Gas phase NO2, NO and N2O are the photolysis products of nitrate on oxide particles under dry conditions. In contrast, nitrate adsorbed on zeolite is converted mainly to adsorbed nitrite upon irradiation. This nitrite yield is decreased with increasing relative humidity. Gas phase N2O is the main photolysis product of nitrate adsorbed in zeolite in the presence of co-adsorbed ammonia. Water adsorbed on semiconducting TiO2 can be photochemically converted to hydroxyl radicals. These hydroxyl radicals can be involved in surface mediated as well as gas phase oxidation reactions in the presence of cyclohexane. Another focus of this dissertation was to investigate the oxidation of sulfur dioxide oxidation in the presence of mineral aerosol, particularly, coal fly ash (FA), γ-Fe2O3 and Arizona test dust (AZTD), a model for mineral dust aerosol. Depending on the temporal evolution of Fe(II), we proposed that S(IV) oxidation in the presence of FA and γ-Fe2O3 initially occurs through a heterogeneous pathway and a homogeneous pathway is also possible over later time scales. S(IV) oxidation in the presence of AZTD appears to be mostly heterogeneous and does not lead to iron dissolution. Overall, these studies suggest that the rate, extent and products of atmospheric S(IV) oxidation can be highly variable and heavily dependent upon the nature of aerosol sources, thereby precluding simple generalizations about this reaction when modeling atmospheric processes involving diverse mineral dust aerosols. With the recent development in nanotechnology, nanoparticles are becoming a major fraction of atmospheric particulate matter. These particles can undergo aging under ambient conditions at any stage of their life cycle. This impacts the fundamental properties of these materials and therefore the behavior in the environment and interactions with biomolecules and biological systems. ZnO and CuO nanoparticles form adsorbed carbonate phases upon exposure to CO2 and water vapor. These carbonates become more solvated as the relative humidity is increased. Presence of carbonate phases on ZnO particles increases their water solubility. Thus, overall the work reported in this dissertation provides insights into heterogeneous and multiphase atmospheric chemical reactions in the presence of mineral aerosol and atmospheric aging of nanoparticles.
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BACCOLO, GIOVANNI. "Atmospheric mineral dust in ice cores: application of Neutron Activation and Synchrotron Radiation X-ray fluorescence." Doctoral thesis, Università di Siena, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11365/1006205.

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It is estimated that several million of tons of mineral dust are constantly transported in the atmosphere. Such a massive burden has a great influence on many dynamics of our planet, from biogeochemistry, to radiative processes, to sedimentology. An important aspect concerns the tight relationship between dust and climate, at different spatial and temporal scales. Ice cores allowed reconstructing the more detailed and extended records related to atmospheric dust deposition and transport. Measuring the physical and chemical properties of mineral particles, it was possible to understand the influence of climate on the dust cycle and vice versa, i.e. the influence of mineral particles on climate. In this thesis recent advancements about the understanding of the dust cycle in different contexts (Antarctica and the Alps) will be presented. A significative part of the work is dedicated to the development of new methods for the geochemical investigation of ice cores. Applying these new methods and other established ones, it was possible to draw new insights about the provenance of dust during different climatic periods in Antarctica, focusing on the different response associated to local and distal dust sources in relation to climate changes and on the effect of climate on dust geochemistry. In particular new evidences concern dust properties during Holocene, when dust deposition in Antarctica reaches its lower levels. Turning the attention to the Alps it was possible to highlight the influence of anthropic emission on dust composition, with anomalous values for many elements related to industrial and domestic activities. In addition the construction of a high resolution record allowed studying in detail the phenomenon of Saharan dust deposition in Southern Europe, a process with many and different environmental consequences.
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Books on the topic "Atmospheric mineral dust"

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Knippertz, Peter, and Jan-Berend W. Stuut. Mineral Dust: A Key Player in the Earth System. Springer, 2014.

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Mineral Dust: A Key Player in the Earth System. Springer Netherlands, 2014.

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Knippertz, Peter, and Jan-Berend W. Stuut. Mineral Dust: A Key Player in the Earth System. Springer Netherlands, 2016.

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Lau, William K. M. Impacts of Aerosols on Climate and Weather in the Hindu-Kush-Himalayas-Gangetic Region. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228620.013.590.

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Situated at the southern edge of the Tibetan Plateau (TP), the Hindu-Kush-Himalayas-Gangetic (HKHG) region is under the clear and present danger of climate change. Flash-flood, landslide, and debris flow caused by extreme precipitation, as well as rapidly melting glaciers, threaten the water resources and livelihood of more than 1.2 billion people living in the region. Rapid industrialization and increased populations in recent decades have resulted in severe atmospheric and environmental pollution in the region. Because of its unique topography and dense population, the HKHG is not only a major source of pollution aerosol emissions, but also a major receptor of large quantities of natural dust aerosols transported from the deserts of West Asia and the Middle East during the premonsoon and early monsoon season (April–June). The dust aerosols, combined with local emissions of light-absorbing aerosols, that is, black carbon (BC), organic carbon (OC), and mineral dust, can (a) provide additional powerful heating to the atmosphere and (b) allow more sunlight to penetrate the snow layer by darkening the snow surface. Both effects will lead to accelerated melting of snowpack and glaciers in the HKHG region, amplifying the greenhouse warming effect. In addition, these light-absorbing aerosols can interact with monsoon winds and precipitation, affecting extreme precipitation events in the HKHG, as well as weather variability and climate change over the TP and the greater Asian monsoon region.
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Vaughan, David. 4. Earth’s surface and the cycling of minerals. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780199682843.003.0004.

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‘Earth’s surface and the cycling of minerals’ considers the rock cycle, which has two parts. The first is driven by the heat coming from the Earth’s interior and involves interactions between the mantle and crust. The second is driven primarily by heat from the Sun and involves interactions between exposed crust and the waters of the hydrosphere or gases of the atmosphere. Minerals in these exposed rocks may be dissolved during weathering, or be transported in the flowing water of streams and rivers, by glaciers, or as fine mineral dusts in the atmosphere, eventually being deposited elsewhere as sediments. The rock cycle also impacts on pollution and global warming.
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Book chapters on the topic "Atmospheric mineral dust"

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Schuetz, Lothar. "Atmospheric Mineral Dust - Properties and Source Markers." In Paleoclimatology and Paleometeorology: Modern and Past Patterns of Global Atmospheric Transport, 359–83. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0995-3_15.

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Nousiainen, Timo, and Konrad Kandler. "Light scattering by atmospheric mineral dust particles." In Light Scattering Reviews 9, 3–52. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-37985-7_1.

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Marcolli, C., S. Gedamke, and B. Zobrist. "Efficiency of Immersion Mode Ice Nucleation on Surrogates of Mineral Dust." In Nucleation and Atmospheric Aerosols, 36–40. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6475-3_5.

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Marcolli, C., T. Peter, B. Zobrist, and Thomas Koop. "Heterogeneous Ice Nucleation of Aqueous Solutions with Immersed Mineral Dust Particles." In Nucleation and Atmospheric Aerosols, 461–65. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6475-3_92.

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Salam, Abdus, Glen Lesins, and Ulrike Lohmann. "Ice Nucleation Characteristics of Atmospheric Trace Gas Aged Mineral Dust Aerosols with a Continuous Flow Diffusion Chamber." In Nucleation and Atmospheric Aerosols, 423–26. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6475-3_84.

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Karydis, V. A., P. Kumar, D. Barahona, I. N. Sokolik, and A. Nenes. "Assessing the Impact of Mineral Dust and Adsorption Activation on Cloud Droplet Formation." In Advances in Meteorology, Climatology and Atmospheric Physics, 515–20. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-29172-2_73.

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Wagenbach, Dietmar, and Klaus Geis. "The Mineral Dust Record in a High Altitude Alpine Glacier (Colle Gnifetti, Swiss Alps)." In Paleoclimatology and Paleometeorology: Modern and Past Patterns of Global Atmospheric Transport, 543–64. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0995-3_23.

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Baker, Alex R., Olga Laskina, and Vicki H. Grassian. "Processing and Ageing in the Atmosphere." In Mineral Dust, 75–92. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8978-3_4.

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Jang, Myoseon, and Zechen Yu. "Modeling Heterogeneous Oxidation of NOx, SO2 and Hydrocarbons in the Presence of Mineral Dust Particles under Various Atmospheric Environments." In ACS Symposium Series, 301–26. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2018-1299.ch015.

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Zaccone, C., S. Pabst, T. M. Miano, and W. Shotyk. "The Fate of Mineral Particles in Bulk Peat and Corresponding Humic Acids Throughout an Ombrotrophic Bog Profile: Atmospheric Dust Depositions vs Mineralization Processes." In Functions of Natural Organic Matter in Changing Environment, 61–65. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5634-2_11.

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Conference papers on the topic "Atmospheric mineral dust"

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Kok, Jasper F., David A. Ridley, Qing Zhou, Chun Zhao, Ron L. Miller, Colette L. Heald, and Karsten Haustein. "THE GLOBAL ATMOSPHERIC LOADING OF MINERAL DUST AEROSOLS." In GSA Annual Meeting in Denver, Colorado, USA - 2016. Geological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2016am-277557.

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Kanji, Zamin A., André Welti, Cédric Chou, Olaf Stetzer, and Ulrike Lohmann. "Heterogeneous ice nucleation of mineral dust particles exposed to ozone." In NUCLEATION AND ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS: 19th International Conference. AIP, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4803411.

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Savre, J., A. M. L. Ekman, G. Svensson, and M. Tjernström. "Parameterizing ice nucleation ability of mineral dust particles in the deposition mode: Numerical investigations using large eddy simulation." In NUCLEATION AND ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS: 19th International Conference. AIP, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4803422.

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Koehler, C. H., T. Trautmann, and E. Lindermeir. "Measurement of mixed biomass burning and mineral dust aerosol in the thermal infrared." In CURRENT PROBLEMS IN ATMOSPHERIC RADIATION (IRS 2008): Proceedings of the International Radiation Symposium (IRC/IAMAS). American Institute of Physics, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3116940.

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Koffman, Bess, Steven L. Goldstein, Michael R. Kaplan, Gisela Winckler, Karl J. Kreutz, Aloys Bory, and Pierre E. Biscaye. "ABRUPT LATE HOLOCENE SHIFT IN ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION RECORDED BY MINERAL DUST IN THE SIPLE DOME ICE CORE, ANTARCTICA." In 54th Annual GSA Northeastern Section Meeting - 2019. Geological Society of America, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2019ne-328069.

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Koffman, Bess, Steven L. Goldstein, Michael R. Kaplan, Gisela Winckler, Aloys Bory, and Pierre E. Biscaye. "ABRUPT LATE HOLOCENE SHIFT IN ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION RECORDED BY MINERAL DUST IN THE SIPLE DOME ICE CORE, ANTARCTICA." In GSA Annual Meeting in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA - 2018. Geological Society of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2018am-319539.

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Stefanie, Horatiu, Andrei Radovici, Alexandru Mereuta, Horia Camarasan, and Nicolae Ajtai. "DETECTION OF LOCAL AND LONG-RANGE TRANSPORTED AEROSOL INTRUSIONS OVER CLUJ-NAPOCA, ROMANIA USING MULTIWAVELENGTH LIDAR MEASUREMENTS IN SPRING 2022." In 22nd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2022. STEF92 Technology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022/2.1/s10.34.

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It is well known that atmospheric aerosols have both a direct and an indirect impact on the Earth's systems and have natural or anthropogenic origins. In this paper we present the results of the 2022 spring-time lidar measurements conducted within the European Aerosol Research Lidar Network (EARLINET) using a multi-wavelength Raman and depolarization LIDAR system operated in Cluj-Napoca, Romania. The Cluj-Napoca lidar system (CLOP) emission is based on a Nd-YAG laser Continuum INLITE II-30, which has a repetition rate of 30 Hz. The radiation at 1064, 532, and 355 nm is simultaneously emitted into atmosphere. The backscattered radiation is collected by a Cassegrain type telescope with a focal length of 1500 mm. The signal detection unit has a total of 6 detection channels, 4 channels for the elastically backscattered radiation at 1064, 532 (cross and parallel), and 355 nm and 2 channels for the Raman radiation backscattered by nitrogen molecules at 607 and 387 nm. This type of system meets the requirements of the EARLINET network and is suitable to provide reliable data on optical parameters for aerosol characterization. The reference period for the observations was in accordance with EARLINET�s fixed measurements schedule. The preliminary results indicated the presence of both natural (mineral dust) and anthropogenic (resulted from seasonal biomass burning) aerosols originated from local sources or subject of long-range transport (LRT).
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Köhler, Claas H. "Optical properties of mineral dust aerosol in the thermal infrared." In RADIATION PROCESSES IN THE ATMOSPHERE AND OCEAN (IRS2016): Proceedings of the International Radiation Symposium (IRC/IAMAS). Author(s), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4975513.

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O'Sullivan, Daniel, B. J. Murray, T. L. Malkin, M. E. Webb, T. F. Whale, J. D. Atkinson, and K. J. Baustian. "Atmospheric ice nucleation by fertile soil dusts particles: Relative importance of mineral and biological components." In NUCLEATION AND ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS: 19th International Conference. AIP, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4803409.

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Sokolik, Irina N. "Remote sensing of mineral dust aerosols in the UV/visible and IR regions." In Third International Asia-Pacific Environmental Remote Sensing Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere, Ocean, Environment, and Space, edited by Hung-Lung Huang, Daren Lu, and Yasuhiro Sasano. SPIE, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.466355.

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Reports on the topic "Atmospheric mineral dust"

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Sokolik, Irina N. Characterization of Atmospheric Mineral Dust from Radiometric and Polarimetric Remote Sensing. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada611941.

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Sokolik, Irina N. Characterization of Atmospheric Mineral Dust from Radiometric and Polarimetric Remote Sensing. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada541431.

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