Dissertations / Theses: 'Atmospheric carbon dioxide on plants'

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Pangga, Ireneo B. "Effects of elevated CO2 on plant architecture of Stylosanthes scabra and epidemiology of anthracnose disease /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2001. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe16215.pdf.

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Cheng, Yufu. "Effects of manipulated atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations on carbon dioxide and water vapor fluxes in Southern California chaparral /." For electronic version search Digital dissertations database. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2003. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, Davis and San Diego State University, 2003.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 95-101). Also available via the World Wide Web. (Restricted to UC campuses).

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McElwain, Jennifer Claire. "Fossil stomatal parameters as indicators of palaeo-atmospheric CO2 concentration through Phanerozoic time." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.362713.

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Haworth, Matthew. "Mesozoic atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations from fossil plant cutucles." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.442779.

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Sey, Benjamin Kweku. "Carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide production from corn and soybean agroecosystems." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=102726.

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Globally, an estimated 25% of the CO2 and 90% of the N2O is believed to come from agroecosystems. The objective of this study was to investigate the dynamics of the below-ground CO 2 and N2O concentrations and efflux in corn and soybean systems. In our field study, changes in the below-ground concentrations of CO 2 and N2O were closely related to seasonal changes in soil moisture, with the first two months of the growing season being particularly critical to the production of these gases. Tillage significantly increased CO2 content in the soil profile, however, this effect was greater in the soybean plots than in the corn plots. In our greenhouse studies, an average of about 79% of the soil respiration in corn came from rhizosphere respiration, compared to an estimated 58% in the case of soybean. Specific rhizosphere respiration was significantly higher in soybean (0.29 mg C g -1 root h-1) than corn (0.09 mg C g-1 root h-1), which supports previous observations made with regards to slower-growing plants (e.g. soybean) having relatively higher root respiration than faster growing plants. We observed a nonsignificant difference between N2O efflux in the soybean-planted soil and unplanted bulk soil, which is in contrast to the perception that legumes could stimulate more N 2O production from the soil by increasing the N pool through N 2 fixation. While corn had the greatest uptake of fertilizer N, N 2O efflux in corn pots was higher (2.84 mug N pot-1 h-1) than the soybean pots (0.06 mug N pot-1 h-1). In the laboratory setting, denitrification in the microaggregates proceeded at about 4.4 to 39.6 times higher rate than in large macroaggregates, small macroaggregates or the bulk soil, and showed the greatest response to high moisture levels (80% WFPS).

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Camenzuli, Michelle. "The effect of elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide mixing ratios on the emission of Volatile organic compounds from Corymbia citriodora and Tristaniopsis laurina." Master's thesis, Australia : Macquarie University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.14/45386.

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Thesis (MSc) -- Macquarie University, Division of Environmental and Life Sciences, Dept. of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, 2008.
Bibliography: p. 120-124.
Introduction -- Environmental factors affecting the emission of biogenic Volatile organic compounds -- Materials and experimental procedures -- Quantification using sold-phase microextraction in a dynamic system: technique development -- The emission profile of Tristaniopsis laurina -- Study of the effect of elevated atmospheric CO₂ levels on the emission of BVOCS from Australian native plants -- Conclusions and future work.
Biogenic Volatile Organic Compounds (BVOCs) emitted by plants can affect the climate and play important roles in the chemistry of the troposphere. As ambient atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO₂) levels are rapidly increasing knowledge of the effect of elevated atmospheric CO₂ on plant BVOC emissions is necessary for the development of global climate models. -- During this study, the effect of elevated atmospheric CO2 mixing ratios on BVOC emissions from Corymbia citriodora (Lemon Scented Gum) and Tristaniopsis laurina (Water Gum) was determined for the first time through the combination of Solid-Phase Microextraction (SPME), Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionisation Detection (GC-FID), Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) and an environment chamber. For C. citriodora elevated atmospheric CO₂ led to a decrease in the emission rate of α-pinene, β-pinene, eucalyptol, citronellal and β-caryophyllene, however, elevated CO₂ had no effect on the emission rate of citronellol. The emission profile of T. laurina has been determined for the first time. For T. laurina elevated CO₂ led to a decrease in the emission rate of α-pinene but the emission rates of β-pinene, limonene, eucalyptol and citronellol were unaffected. The results obtained in this work confirm that the effect of elevated atmospheric CO₂ on plant BVOC emissions is species-specific.
Mode of access: World Wide Web.
124 leaves ill. (some col.)

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Pepper, David A. "Investigation of the long term physiological response of Huon pine (Lagarostrobos franklinii) to changes in atmospheric CO2 and climate using stable isotopes." Connect to full text, 1999. http://ses.library.usyd.edu.au/handle/2123/4032.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Sydney, 2000.
Title from title screen (viewed February 12, 2009). Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy to the School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science. Degree awarded 2000; thesis submitted 1999. The 2 in the title is in subscript. Includes bibliographical references. Also available in print form.

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Nightingale, Joanne M. "Modelling carbon dynamics within tropical rainforest environments using the 3-PG and 3-PGS ecosystem process models /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2004. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18498.pdf.

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Sharabaroff, Alexander M. "An assessment of the impact of the deregulation of the electric power sector in the U. S. on the efficiency of electricity generation and the level of emissions attributed to electricity generation." Ohio : Ohio University, 2008. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1210903115.

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Cabena, Lori E. "Vascular land plant isolates from near-shore sediments and implications for stable isotope determination of the paleoatmosphere." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/25882.

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Jablonski, Leanne M. "Reproductive response to elevated CO2 : the roles of vegetative carbon storage, nitrogen and seed traits." Thesis, McGill University, 1997. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=34646.

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This study focused on the reproductive response to elevated CO2 of plants possessing below-ground storage. I tested the hypotheses that under elevated CO2: (1) Plants with greater non-foliar storage capacity win show more reproductive response and (2) The altered foliar physiology of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) use will cause increases in seed number and quality. Carbon dioxide treatments of High (650 muL L-1) and Ambient (360 muL L-1) were used in a controlled environment, simulated growing season, and in a natural pasture community. Hypothesis 1 was tested experimentally using four Raphanus varieties that differed in hypocotyl and leaf sizes. N fertilization and harvest times were used to obtain a range of root:shoot ratios. Enhancements in vegetative leaf area rather than the hypocotyl predicted reproductive responsiveness to CO 2. However, after three years of CO2 exposure in the pasture, hypocotyl-storing Taraxacum officinale responded strongly in vegetative biomass which correlated with inflorescence size and number. Fitness was enhanced four-fold, while the leaf-storing Plantago major produced more ramets and had only a two-fold fitness increase. Hypothesis 2 was tested by examining the C and N physiology underlying the vegetative organs and seeds of the pasture plants. Under elevated CO2, photosynthesis increased two-fold and senescence was delayed. Total plant C:N ratio did not differ, suggesting N acquisition increased. N similarly limited seed number in all cases suggesting an unchanged Physiology of N use in reproduction. While morphology constrained total biomass response, provisioning to seeds increased as shown by higher seed mass and number and decreased variability in number and mass. In all cases, leaf mass increase under high CO2 corresponded with fitness increase. Phenology constrained response to CO 2 as there was no plasticity in flowering day in Raphanus and Plantago, while there were flowering delays but greater seed maturation rate in Tar

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Rochefort, Line. "Atmospheric COâ†2 and environmental determinants of plant growth : a model with Sinapis alba L." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.240047.

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Berry, Stephanie C. Carleton University Dissertation Biology. "The influence of vegetation and soil carbon dioxide exchange on the concentration and isotopic composition of atmospheric carbon dioxide within plant canopies." Ottawa, 1994.

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14

Ghannoum, Oula, of Western Sydney Hawkesbury University, Faculty of Agriculture and Horticulture, and School of Horticulture. "Responses of C3 and C4 Panicum grasses to CO2 enrichment." THESIS_FAH_HOR_Ghannoum_O.xml, 1997. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/139.

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This project aims at investigating the effect of CO2 enrichment on the growth and gas exchange of C3, C3-C4 and C4 Panicum grasses. Potted plants were grown in soil under well watered conditions, in artificially lit environmentally controlled cabinets or naturally lit greenhouses at varying levels of CO2 enrichment. CO2 enrichment enhanced the dry weight of C3 and C4 Panicum species under optimal light and N supplies, but had no effect on the total leaf N or TNC concentrations. The high-CO2 induced photosynthetic reaction in the C3 species was accompanied by a reduced Rubisco concentration and was related to the conservation of the relative growth rate of the plant. Elevated CO2 had no effect on the photosynthetic capacity of the C4 species, but enhanced its CO2 assimilation rates under high light and N supplies. The effect of elevated CO2 on the leaf and stem anatomy reflected increased carbon supply at high CO2 in the C3 grass, and reduced transpiratory demand at high CO2 in C4 grasses. Consequently, it is clear that both C3 and C4 grasses are likely to be more productive under rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations.
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

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Gascoigne-Owens, Johanna Sara. "Responses of the Câ‚„ plant Zea mays (maize) to elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.414631.

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Rudmann, Silvia G., of Western Sydney Hawkesbury University, Faculty of Science and Technology, and Centre for Horticulture and Plant Sciences. "Resource utilization of C4 tropical grasses at elevated CO2." THESIS_FST_HPS_Rudmann_S.xml, 2000. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/65.

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The atmospheric (CO2) partial pressure is expected to continue to increase and the scenario is that the CO2 partial pressure will reach 50-70 Pa during the 21st century.The rise in CO2 will have a direct influence on plant growth and development because CO2 is the primary substrate for photosynthesis.The aim of the studies described in this thesis was to investigate the response of grasses belonging to two subtypes to a range of CO2 partial pressures under conditions where light intensity, water and N supplies were varied.Two species which are naturalized in Australia, Panicum coloratum (NAD-ME) and Cenchrus ciliaris (NADP-ME) were chosen for a series of experiments conducted in matched growth chambers. The response of C4 plants is particularly important for Australia because they dominate the tropical grasslands that occupy 75% of the continent and form the basis for the pasture industry. Following the extensive research conducted in this study, it can be concluded that the inevitable rise in atmospheric CO2 partial pressure will increase the growth of C4 grasses when other resources are not limiting.Growth of C4 grasses will be stimulated to a greater extent under conditions of drought.
Doctor of Philsophy (PhD)

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Cunniff, Jennifer. "The roles of atmospheric carbon dioxide and plant ecological traits in the origin of agriculture." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.515436.

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Matarese, Dawn Marie. "Impacts of Rhizosphere CO₂ on Root Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxylase Activity, Root Respiration Rate and Rhizodeposition in Populus spp." PDXScholar, 2010. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/345.

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Roots live in and have evolved in a high carbon dioxide (CO₂) environment, yet relatively little research has been conducted on the impacts of soil dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) on root metabolism. In this thesis, I explore the impacts of root-zone DIC on whole plant biomass accumulation, water use efficiency, and above-ground gas exchange. In addition, I explore the impacts of root-zone DIC on root processes: root PEP-Carboxylase activity, root respiration rate and root exudation of Krebs cycle organic acids. Root-zone DIC did not impact biomass accumulation, leaf gas exchange parameters or water use efficiency under the growth conditions examined. Root-zone DIC did increase root PEP-Carboxylase activity, but decreased root respiration (both CO₂ production and O₂ consumption) and decreased organic acid exudation rates. Increase in measurement CO₂ partial pressure was found to cause an instantaneous decrease in root CO₂ production, and I provide evidence that changes in root metabolism (CO₂ uptake by roots) are part of the cause of this phenomenon. A hypothesized relationship between root respiration rate and Krebs cycle organic acid exudation was not supported by my data. I conclude that root-zone DIC has important impacts on critical functions of root metabolism, and should be considered as an important abiotic factor much in the same way atmospheric CO₂ is for leaves and whole plant biology.

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Barral, Cuesta Abel. "The carbon isotope composition of the fossil conifer Frenelopsis as a proxy for reconstructing Cretaceous atmospheric CO2." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE1148.

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Le Crétacé a été une période d'instabilité climatique et du cycle du carbone, dont le CO2 atmosphérique a été désigné comme le driver majeur. Cependant, les reconstitutions du CO2 atmosphérique ne reflètent ni les dynamiques climatiques ni les grands évènements de perturbation du cycle du carbone décrits pour cette période. J'ai utilisé la composition isotopique de carbone de la plante fossile Frenelopsis (d13Cleaf) comme un nouvel proxy pour reconstituer le CO2 atmosphérique du Crétacé en termes de composition isotopique de carbone (d13CCO2) et de concentration (pCO2). La première courbe de d13CCO2 pour toute la durée du Crétacé a été construite à partir du d13C des carbonates marins. Sa comparaison avec des estimations de d13CCO2 à partir du d13Cleaf a révélé que les modèles développés jusqu'à maintenant ont une tendance à exagérer les valeurs de d13CCO2. Des estimations du fractionnement isotopique du carbone issu par des plantes (13Cleaf) obtenues à partir des nouvelles données d e d13Cleaf et d13CCO2 ont permis de reconstituer l'évolution à grande échelle de la pCO2. Ces résultats indiquent que le CO2 a probablement été une conséquence à long terme du changement climatique durant le Crétacé. Des cycles de d13CCO2 de ~1.2, ~2.1, ~5.4 et ~10.2 Ma ont été détectés, synchrones à ceux du niveau de la mer et à la cyclicité des paramètres de l'orbite terrestre décrits pour le Mésozoïque. Mes résultats fournissent une nouvelle perspective du système climatique et du cycle du carbone du Crétacé, dominés principalement par les paramètres orbitaux de la Terre et secondairement par des évènements catastrophiques de libération de CO2 d'origine volcanique dans l'atmosphère
The Cretaceous was a period characterized by strongly marked climate change and major carbon cycle instability. Atmospheric CO2 has repeatedly been pointed out as a major agent involved in these changing conditions during the period. However, long-term trends in CO2 described for the Cretaceous are not consistent with those of temperature and the large disturbance events of the carbon cycle described for the period. This raises a double question of whether descriptions of the long-term evolution of atmospheric CO2 made so far are accurate or, if so, atmospheric CO2 was actually a major driver of carbon cycle and climate dynamics as usually stated. In this thesis the close relationship between the carbon isotope composition of plants and atmospheric CO2 is used to address this question. Based on its ecological significance, distribution, morphological features and its excellent preservation, the fossil conifer genus Frenelopsis is proposed as a new plant proxy for climate reconstructions during the Cretaceous. The capacity of carbon isotope compositions of Frenelopsis leaves (d13Cleaf) to reconstruct past atmospheric CO2, with regards to both carbon isotope composition (d13CCO2) and concentration (pCO2), is tested based on materials coming from twelve Cretaceous episodes. To provide a framework to test the capacity of d13Cleaf to reconstruct d13CCO2 and allowing for climate estimates from carbon isotope discrimination by plants (?13Cleaf), a new d13CCO2 curve for the Cretaceous based on carbon isotope compositions of marine carbonates has been constructed. Comparison with d13Cleaf-based d13CCO2 estimates reveals that although d13CCO2 and d13Cleaf values follow consistent trends, models developed so far to estimate d13CCO2 from d13Cleaf tend to exaggerate d13CCO2 trends because of assuming a linear relationship between both values. However, given the hyperbolic relationship between ?13Cleaf and pCO2, by considering an independently-estimated correction factor for pCO2 for a given episode, d13Cleaf values may be a valuable proxy for d13CCO2 reconstructions. ?13Cleaf estimates obtained from d13CCO2 and d13Cleaf values were used to reconstruct the long-term evolution of pCO2. The magnitude of estimated pCO2 values is in accordance with that of the most recent and relevant model- and proxy-based pCO2 reconstructions. However, these new results evidence long-term drawdowns of pCO2 for Cretaceous time intervals in which temperature maxima have been described

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Reimer, Adam. "The role of bog plants in the exchange of carbon dioxide and water between the atmosphere and the Mer Bleue peatland /." Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=33829.

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The exchange of carbon and water between a temperate peatland and the atmosphere was studied directly for the vascular plants; Chamaedaphne calyculata, Kalmia angustifolia, Vaccinium myrtilloides, and Maianthemum trifolium and indirectly for the bryophytes; Sphagnum rubellum and S. magellanicum. In vascular plants, carbon and water fluxes were well coupled (∼2.27 mumol CO 2 mmol-1 H2O) except in the post-deciduous period where temperature constrained water flux more than carbon flux. The seasonal cycle of Sphagnum water content was driven by water table depth; rain depth, rain frequency and atmospheric vapor pressure deficit. In 2000, these factors combined to cause primarily over saturation with regard to optimal net photosynthesis in Sphagnum. Carbon and water exchange at the community scale was also studied and related to the leaf level patterns observed. Few leaf level patterns were observable at the community scale although the effects of species composition and leaf area index were well represented in the community signal.

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Ellis, Alexander 1972. "Global change and tropical forests : functional groups and responses of tropical trees to elevated CO." Thesis, McGill University, 1997. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=27312.

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The paradox of tropical forests is that they are simultaneously the most diverse, the least understood, and the most imperiled terrestrial ecosystem in the world. Dramatic increases in the atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO$ sb2$) concentration threaten to adversely affect fundamental climatic and ecosystem processes, gradually changing many things which we do not yet understand. Although the impacts of this rise have been studied in temperate areas, little research has investigated tree responses in the tropics, especially under natural frost conditions. This thesis examines three central issues in tropical ecophysiology and global change. First, it investigates the feasibility of in-situ measurements of several physiological traits under heterogeneous environmental conditions in a Panamanian rainforest. Second, it studies whether physiological traits differ among species and which traits are most consistent with ecological niche. Finally, it explores how variable species are in response to elevated CO$ sb2$. If ecologically-defined functional groups were to remain physiologically similar under increased CO$ sb2$, they could be used in accurately representing the variation at the species level in a global change model of system-level responses. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)

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Tousignant, Denise. "Selection response to global change of Brassica juncea (L.) czern." Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=69693.

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The potential for an adaptive response to global climatic change was evaluated for an annual C$ sb3$ weed, Brassica juncea, by performing a selection on fecundity for eight generations. During the selection, atmospheric carbon dioxide and temperature were gradually increased from current levels (370 $ rm mu L cdot L sp{-1}$ CO$ sb2$, 20$ sp circ$C) to conditions predicted during the next century by climate models (650 $ rm mu L cdot L sp{-1}$ CO$ sb2$, 23.6$ sp circ$C) including heat stress events at 32$ sp circ$C/26$ sp circ$C day/night), At the end of the selection, a reciprocal transplant experiment was conducted to identify genetic differences between control selection lines of plants and those selected under increasing CO$ sb2$ and temperature. I observed a genetic adaptation of early vegetative growth elevated CO$ sb2$ and temperature, which resulted in to 63% more biomass and 11% higher photosynthetic rates. Reproductive biomass, however, was decreased during the selection, mainly due to temperature stress, which disrupted flower development and induced strong maternal effects, counteracting the selection on fecundity.

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Stewart, Heather 1971. "Partitioning belowground respiration in a northern peatland." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=98806.

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To further the understanding of respiration processes of northern peatlands, the relative importance of each type of belowground respiration was determined at Mer Bleue, a northern peatland located near Ottawa, Ontario, from June to November, 2003. Direct measurements of total, soil organic matter (SOM) and root respiration were made, with rhizosphere respiration determined by residual. Although an aboveground source, determination of live Sphagnum respiration was also attempted in the field. To identify changes in CO2 fluxes with environmental conditions, peat temperature and water table levels were monitored throughout the study period.
SOM respiration was higher than hypothesized at 63% while root and rhizosphere respiration were lower than hypothesized at 21% and 16%, respectively, of total belowground respiration. As the field experiment for determining live Sphagnum respiration was unsuccessful, it was determined by calculation to be 18% of total respiration, slightly higher than hypothesized. Opposite of hypothesized, air temperatures, peat temperatures and water table levels generally had weak and insignificant relationships when linearly regressed with total respiration.

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Mauk, Peggy Ann. "THE INTERACTIONS OF TRICHODERMA HAMATUM, PYTHIUM APHANIDERMATUM, AND CUCUMIS SATIVUS AS INFLUENCED BY CARBON DIOXIDE AND OXYGEN CONCENTRATIONS (CONTROLLED ATMOSPHERES, BIOLOGICAL CONTROL, SOIL ATMOSPHERES)." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/275388.

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Al-Traboulsi, Manal. "Response of plant roots and pastureland soils to increasing CO2 concentration." Thesis, McGill University, 1999. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21500.

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In an attempt to investigate the cause of change in the competitive ability between monocots and dicots in a pastureland in Farnham, Quebec under CO2 enrichment, I chose to study the response of Plantago major (dicot) and Poa pratensis (monocot) grown in ambient and elevated CO2 chambers, hypothesizing that a large increase in root biomass of dicots would be observed under elevated CO 2. A transient stimulation of root biomass of Plantago major was found during the first month of CO2 exposure but disappeared later.
The second objective of this study was to examine the effect of 5 years of CO2 enrichment both on root biomass and on total C and N content of roots and soil in the pasture. The largest belowground growth was recorded for Taraxacum officinale. Plantago major responded by achieving the highest aboveground growth.
N content of CO2 enriched roots was reduced. This change in the elemental composition of root tissues might negatively affect the process of decomposition and therefore, the nutrient availability to soil microbes and plants. The observed reduction of NO3 in CO2 enriched soil maybe due to greater N immobilization caused by the expected increase in microbial populations.

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Bryant, Jonathan. "The effects of increasing atmospheric nitrogen deposition and carbon dioxide on the growth and physiology of component species of the chalk grassland plant community." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.266449.

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Melnychenko, Andrea Natalie. "Interspecific variation in leaf-level biogenic emissions of the Bambuseae." PDXScholar, 2013. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1031.

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Plants emit a diverse range of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) into the atmosphere, of which isoprene is the most abundantly emitted. Isoprene significantly affects biological and atmospheric processes, but the range of isoprene and BVOCs present in bamboos has not been well characterized. In this thesis I explore the range of isoprene emission found in bamboos and relate it to plant morphological and physiological characteristics. In addition, I measure and relate the entire suite of BVOCs present in the bamboos to their fundamental isoprene emission rate. Interspecific variation in isoprene emission documented in a comprehensive survey of bamboos. Two groups of bamboo species were measured in the greenhouse and the field. Elevated photosynthetic rate was significantly correlated with isoprene emission. In the field, dark respiration rate was highest in bamboos that made the least amount of isoprene. The total BVOC suite was significantly influenced by whether or not leaf-level isoprene emission was present. I conclude that bamboos vary with regard to physiology, morphology, and total BVOC suite and that isoprene emission is correlated with these changes, and introduce the bamboos as a novel system for studying the impacts of isoprene emission.

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Barkley, Michael P. "Measuring atmospheric carbon dioxide from space." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/30591.

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Satellite measurements of atmosphere CO2 concentrations are a rapidly evolving area of scientific research which can help reduce the uncertainties in the global carbon cycle fluxes and identify regional surface sources and sinks. One of the emerging CO2 measurement techniques is a relatively new retrieval algorithm called Weighting Function Modified Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (WFM-DOAS) (Buchwitz et al., 2000). This algorithm is designed to measure the total columns of CO2 (and other greenhouse gases) through the application to spectral measurements in the near infrared (NIR), made by the SCIAMACHY instrument on-board ESA's ENVISAT satellite. The WFM-DOAS technique is based on fitting the logarithm of a model reference spectrum and its derivatives to the logarithm of the ratio of a measured nadir radiance and solar irradiance spectrum. In this thesis, a detailed error assessment of this technique has been conducted and it has been found necessary to include suitable a priori information within the retrieval in order to minimize the errors on the retrieved CO2 columns. Hence, a more flexible implementation of the retrieval technique, called Full Spectral Initiation (FSI) WFM-DOAS, has been developed which generates a reference spectrum for each individual SCIAMACHY observation using the estimated properties of the atmosphere and surface at the time of the measurement.

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Spanarkel, Robert. "Carbon Dioxide Toxicity in Wheat." DigitalCommons@USU, 1990. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/6766.

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This research was conducted to quantify short- and long-term effects of atmospheric carbon dioxide on wheat. Growth, development, and yield of the spring wheat cultivar Veery-10 were measured in response to CO2 concentrations of 340 (ambient), 1200, and 2500 μmol moI-1 of CO2 air. These 3 CO2 levels were chosen to provide a control group, a predicted optimal CO2 environment, and a potentially toxic CO2 environment, respectively. A recirculating hydroponic system provided a near-optimal root-zone environment that was identical for all CO2 treatment levels. Environmental factors, other than CO2, were controlled at near optimal levels, although photosynthetic photon flux was actually suboptimal and higher levels would increase growth. Standard growth analysis procedures were used to measure growth rates and carbon partitioning to leaves, stems, and roots. Yield components were measured on mature plants. Because elevated CO2 levels may increase growth by increasing radiation absorption or by increasing photosynthetic efficiency, measurements of absorbed photosynthetic photon flux were calculated from measurements of incident, reflected, and transmitted photosynthetic photon flux. Growth and yield were increased by the 1200 μmol moI-1 of CO2 in air treatment in all trials. Growth and yield were reduced by the 2500 μmol moI-1 treatment in both long-term trials, but growth was not reduced by this treatment in two short-term trials. These data indicate that CO2 is toxic to wheat at 2500 μmol moI-1 (0.25%), but the effects are not expressed until the last half of the life cycle.

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Kessler, Toby Jonathan 1974. "Calculating the global flux of carbon dioxide into groundwater." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/54439.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, 1999.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 85-90).
In this research, the global annual flux of inorganic carbon into groundwater was calculated to be 4.4 GtC/y, with a lower bound of 1.4 GtC/y and an upper bound of 27.5 GtC/y. Starting with 44 soil PCO2 measurements, the dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) of the groundwater was determined by equilibrium equations for the carbonate system. The calculated DIC was then multiplied by the groundwater recharge to determine the annual carbon flux per area. These PCO2 estimates were assigned to specific bio-temperatures and precipitations according to the Holdridge life-zone classification system, and regressions between PCO2, biotemperature, and precipitation were used to provide estimates for regions of the world that lacked PCO2 measurements. The fluxes were mapped on a generalized Holdridge life-zone map, and the total flux for each life-zone was found by multiplying the calculated flux by the area in each life-zone. While there was a wide range in the error, the calculations in this study strongly suggest that the flux of carbon into groundwater is comparable to many of the major fluxes that have been tabulated for the carbon cycle. The large flux that was calculated in this study was due to the high PCO2 that is common in soils. The elevated PCO2 levels are due to the decomposition of organic matter in soils, and the absorption of oxygen by plant roots. After the groundwater enters into rivers, it is possible that large amounts of CO2 is released from the surface of rives, as the carbon-rich waters re-equilibrate with the low atmospheric PCO2-
by Toby Jonathan Kessler.
S.M.

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31

Kambis, Alexis Demitrios. "A numerical model of the global carbon cycle to predict atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations." W&M ScholarWorks, 1995. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539616709.

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A numerical model of the global carbon cycle is presented which includes the effects of anthropogenic &CO\sb2& emissions &(CO\sb2& produced from fossil fuel combustion, biomass burning, and deforestation) on the global carbon cycle. The model is validated against measured atmospheric &CO\sb2& concentrations. Future levels of atmospheric &CO\sb2& are then predicted for the following scenarios: (1) Business as Usual (BaU) for the period 1990-2000; (2) Same as (1), but with no biomass burning; (3) Same as (1), but with no fossil fuel combustion; (4) Same as (1), but with a doubled atmospheric &CO\sb2& concentration and a 2 K warmer surface temperature associated with the doubled atmospheric &CO\sb2& concentration. The global model presented here consists of four different modules which are fully coupled with respect to &CO\sb2.& These modules represent carbon cycling by the terrestrial biosphere and the ocean, anthropogenic &CO\sb2& emissions, and atmospheric transport of &CO\sb2.&. The prognostic variable of interest is the atmospheric &CO\sb2& concentration field. The &CO\sb2& concentration field depends on both the sources and sinks of &CO\sb2& as well as the atmospheric circulation. In addition, the sources and sinks vary significantly as a function of both time and geographic location. The model output agrees well with measured data at the equatorial and mid latitudes, but this agreement weakens at higher latitudes. This is due to the less adequate representation of the terrestrial ecosystem models at these latitudes. In the first scenario, the predicted concentration of atmospheric &CO\sb2& is 362 parts per million by volume (ppmv) at the end of the 10 year model run. This establishes a baseline for the next three scenarios, which predict that biomass burning will contribute 3 ppmv of &CO\sb2& to the atmosphere by the year 2000, while fossil fuel combustion will contribute 5 ppmv. The net effect of a 2 K average global warming was to increase the atmospheric &CO\sb2& concentration by approximately 1 ppmv, due to enhanced respiration by the terrestrial biosphere.

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32

Gould, R. P. "The effects of gaseous sulphur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide on carbon allocation in plants." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.377896.

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33

Osterman, My. "Carbon dioxide in agricultural streams : Magnitude and patterns of an understudied atmospheric carbon source." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Luft-, vatten och landskapslära, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-355402.

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The role of streams in the global carbon budget was for a long time neglected, since they were considered passive transporters of carbon from land to sea. However, studies have shown that streams are often supersaturated in carbon dioxide (CO2), making them sources of carbon to the atmosphere. The main sources of stream CO2 are in-stream mineralization of organic matter and transport of carbon from the catchment. The catchment derived CO2 could both be of biogenic (respiration) or geogenic (weathering) origin. Most studies regarding the topic rely on measurements carried out in forest-dominated catchments, while agricultural streams are under-represented. The objective of this study was to examine partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) in streams in catchments dominated by agriculture. This was done to increase the knowledge about agricultural influence on stream pCO2, and to provide a basis for planning mitigation strategies for reducing CO2 emissions from the agriculture sector. Sampling was performed in ten streams draining agriculture-dominated catchments around Uppsala, Sweden, from June to November 2017. Measurements of pCO2 were carried out with floating chambers, equipped with CO2 sensors. Nutrients, organic carbon, discharge and different chemical variables were also measured. For correlation tests, the method Kendall’s Tau was used. Catchments were delineated in a geographic information system (GIS) and the CORINE Land Cover dataset was used to examine land use. Stream specific median pCO2 varied from 3000 to 10 000 μatm. In some streams, pCO2 exceeded 10 000 μatm, which was outside of the sensor’s measurement range. Values of pCO2 were high compared to similar studies in forested catchments, which could indicate that occurrence of agriculture in the catchment increases stream CO2. Correlation was found between pCO2 and discharge, with negative correlation in five streams and positive correlation in two. Negative correlation was found between pCO2 and pH and percentage of dissolved oxygen, respectively. No significant correlation was found between pCO2 and fraction of agricultural land use, nutrients or organic carbon. Further studies are needed to examine the sources of CO2, since it is possible that a large part of the CO2 has a geogenic origin. The floating chamber method should be revised to reduce the sensor’s sensitivity to condensation and cold temperatures, and to increase the measuring range.

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Collins, Sinead. "Microalgal adaptation to changes in carbon dioxide." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=100340.

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It is generally accepted that global levels of CO2 will roughly double over the next century. Because of their large population sizes and fast generation times, microalgae may adapt to global change through novel mutations fixed by natural selection, such that future populations may be genetically different from contemporary ones. The prediction that microalgae may respond evolutionarily to rising CO2 was tested using populations of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii grown for 1000 generations at increasing CO2. Laboratory populations grown at high CO2 did not show a direct response to selection at elevated CO2, instead evolving a range of non-adaptive syndromes. In addition, populations selected at elevated CO2 often grew poorly at ambient CO2. The same evolutionary responses were seen in natural populations isolated from CO2 springs. CO2 uptake was measured in a subset of the laboratory selection lines, which were found to have cells that either leaked CO2, had lost the ability to induce high-affinity CO 2 uptake, or both. These phenotypes were tentatively attributed to the accumulation of conditionally neutral mutations in genes involved in the carbon concentrating mechanism (CCM). The high-CO2-selected phenotypes were found to be reversible in terms of fitness when populations were backselected in air, though wild-type regulation of the CCM was not regained. It has been suggested that phytoplankton adaptation to changes in CO2 levels is constrained by selective history. This was tested by culturing genetically distinct populations of Chlamydomonas at decreasing levels of CO2. In this case, divergence between lines was attributable to chance rather than selective history.

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Latchman, Drupatie. "Carbon Dioxide Capture From Fossil Fuel Power Plants Using Dolomite." Scholar Commons, 2010. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/1693.

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The main objective of this research is to develop a simple and cost effective separation method that captures carbon dioxide from power plant flue gas, as a pure stream that can be stored using regenerable dolomite (calcium magnesium carbonate) as the sorbent. The developed dolomite sorbent was evaluated for carbon dioxide capture capacity using muti-cycle tests of cyclical carbonation/calcination experiments in the thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) model SDT 600. The variables controlled in the experiment were weight of calcium oxide and sintering time of the sample. The dolomite materials investigated were from two sources Alfa Aesar and Specialty Minerals. The prepared sorbent, after conditioning, is in the oxide form and can adsorb CO2 to form the carbonate and be regenerated back to the oxide. The results showed that the dolomite sorbent developed can be used for reversible CO2 capture. The data from 8 multi-cycle TGA experiments show that the reversible capacity reduced in the first few cycles; however it stabilized to an average value of 34 percent after an average of 10 cycles and an average conditioning time of 15 hours. Data from two multi-cycle TGA experiments show that the dolomite sorbent is capable of an average stabilized conversion of 65% in an average of 13 cycles at a conditioning time of 87 hours.

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36

Jones, Dylan Gwynn. "The effects of elevated atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide on trees." Thesis, Bangor University, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.318146.

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37

Kaminski, Daniel Thomas. "Corrosion Inhibition of Magnesium Alloys and Influence of Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide." The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1460241073.

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38

Sindhøj, Erik. "Elevated atmospheric CO₂ in a semi-natural grassland : root dynamics, decomposition and soil C balances /." Uppsala : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 2001. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/2001/91-576-5797-1.pdf.

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39

Glenn, Aaron James, and University of Lethbridge Faculty of Arts and Science. "Growing season carbon dioxide exchange of two contrasting peatland ecosystems." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Faculty of Arts and Science, 2005, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/259.

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The CO2 flux of two peatlands in northern Alberta was examind during the 2004 growing season using eddy covariance measurements of net ecosystem exchange (NEE), chamber measurements of total ecosystem respiration, and empirical models driven by meteorological inputs. The two ecosystems, a poor fen and an extreme-rich fen, differed significantly in plant species composition, leaf area index, aboveground biomass and surface water chemistry. The mean diurnal pattern of NEE at the peak of the season was similar between the sites, however, the extreme-rich fen had a higher photosynthetic and respiratory capacity than the poor fen. Over the 6 month study, the poor fen was shown to accumulate between 2 to 3 times more carbon than the extreme-rich fen despite having a lower photosynthetic capacity. The evergreen nature of the poor fen site allowed for a longer season of net CO2 uptake than the deciduous species that dominated the extreme-rich fen.
xii, 126 leaves : ill. (some col.) ; 29 cm.

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40

McKinley, Galen Anile 1973. "Interannual variability of air-sea fluxes of carbon dioxide and oxygen." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/16824.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, 2002.
This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 161-169).
The currently observed increase in atmospheric CO2 due anthropogenic emissions is substantially slowed by natural processes that incorporate CO2 into the terrestrial biota and the ocean. Year-to-year changes in the CO2 growth rate that exceed variations in the fossil fuel source indicate a significant variability in these global CO2 sinks. However, the enormous complexity of the terrestrial and oceanic biogeochemical systems that absorb atmospheric CO2 makes these sinks extremely difficult to understand and precisely quantify. Many techniques, including the interpretation of the relative changes in atmospheric CO2 and O2/N2, ocean modeling, and atmospheric data inversions, have been employed to estimate the mean and variability of global CO2 sinks. However, uncertainty remains large. The goal of this thesis is to improve understanding of global CO2 sinks by considering (1) the error in the atmospheric O2/N2 partitioning method due to the neglect of interannual variability in the air-sea fluxes of 02, and (2) the interannual variability of the ocean CO2 sink.
(cont.) A global, high-resolution ocean general circulation model is used to estimate the magnitude and understand the mechanisms of interannual variability in air-sea fluxes of both CO2 and 02. I find that the global variability in the fluxes of both gases are dominantly forced by large-scale physical processes governing upper ocean dynamics, particularly El Nifio / Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and, for 02, the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). Estimates of the extremes of CO2 and 02 flux variability for the period 1980-1998 are +/-0.5x1015 grams Carbon/yr (PgC/yr) and -70/+100x1012 mol/yr (Tmol/yr), respectively. Global 02 flux variability implies up to a 1.0 PgC/yr error in estimates of interannual variability in land and ocean CO2 sinks derived from atmospheric 02/N2 observations. This error is significant for estimates of annual sinks, but it is cumulatively negligible for estimates of mean sinks from October 1991 to April 1998. Increasing convergence of estimates of land.
by Galen Anile McKinley.
Ph.D.

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41

Jaeger, Alexa. "Methane and carbon dioxide cycling in soils of the Harvard Forest." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/117912.

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Thesis: S.B., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, 2018.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (page 18).
Soil is Earth's largest terrestrial carbon pool (Oertel et al., 2016) and can act as a net source of greenhouse gases (GHG). However, if organic material accumulates in soils faster than it is converted to CO2 by cellular respiration, soil becomes a smaller GHG source and even has the potential to become a GHG sink. Not much is known about factors that drive soil to be a source or a sink of GHG. Soil temperature and moisture have both been shown to correlate with CH4 emissions and temperature has been shown to correlate with CO 2 emissions (Jacinthe et al., 2015). Currently these relationships are not well constrained, particularly in upland soils, which are soils found at elevations between 100 and 500 m (Carating et al., 2014). Soil from the Harvard Forest was collected and used in two in-lab flux experiments to constrain the effect that soil moisture has on i.) the rate of CH4 and CO2 production/consumption and ii.) the fraction of injected CH4 that is oxidized to CO2 by soil microbes. The first experiment involved injecting vials containing soil samples with CH4 , taking an initial measurement with a residual gas analyzer (RGA), incubating for three days, and taking final measurements using the RGA. The results of this experiment indicated that cellular respiration is an important carbon source in these soils, with more CO2 coming from cellular respiration than from the oxidation of CH4. The second experiment involved injecting vials containing soil samples with CH4 and 14CH4 as a tracer, incubating for six days, and analyzing CO2 from each sample using a scintillation counter. This experiment showed a weak trend indicating that increased soil moisture may result in decreased CH4 oxidation. Results showed that decays per minute from the samples were lower than in a control. These results indicated that not all CO 2 from each sample was successfully captured and analyzed using the methods here. So while the trend may hold true, it should be supported by reconducting the experiment using a more reliable means of CO2 capture. The unexpected results from both experiments indicated that there is still much to be learned about the reactions that occur in these soils and how to perfect laboratory methods to study them.
by Alexa Jaeger.
S.B.

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42

Cotrufo, Maria Francesca. "Effects of enriched atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide on tree litter decomposition." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.282385.

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43

Strader, Heidi Suzanne. "Trends in atmospheric carbon dioxide over the last ten to fifteen years." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/57752.

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Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, 1994.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 85-87).
by Heidi Suzanne Strader.
M.S.

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44

Kargiolaki, Hariklia. "The response of poplar clones to atmospheric pollution by ozone and sulphur dioxide." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.253283.

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45

Butterworth, Brian J. "Air-sea carbon dioxide exchange in the Southern Ocean and Antarctic Sea ice zone." Thesis, State University of New York at Albany, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10149297.

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The Southern Ocean is an important part of the global carbon cycle, responsible for roughly half of the carbon dioxide (CO₂) absorbed by the global ocean. The air-sea CO₂ flux (F_c) can be expressed as the product of the water-air CO₂ partial pressure difference (ΔpCO₂) and the gas transfer velocity ( k), an exchange coefficient which represents the efficiency of gas exchange. Generally, F_c is negative (a sink) throughout the Southern Ocean and Antarctic sea ice zone (SIZ), but uncertainty in k has made it difficult to develop an accurate regional carbon budget. Constraining the functional dependence of k on wind speed in open water environments, and quantifying the effect of sea ice on k, will reduce uncertainty in the estimated contribution of the Southern Ocean and Antarctic SIZ to the global carbon cycle.

To investigate F_c in the Southern Ocean, a ruggedized, unattended, closed-path eddy covariance (EC) system was deployed on the Antarctic research vessel Nathaniel B. Palmer for nine cruises during 18 months from January 2013 to June 2014 in the Southern Ocean and coastal Antarctica. The methods are described and results are shown for two cruises chosen for their latitudinal range, inclusion of open water and sea ice cover, and large ΔpCO₂. The results indicated that ship-based unattended EC measurements in high latitudes are feasible, and recommendations for deployments in such environments were provided.

Measurements of F_c and ΔpCO₂ were used to compute k. The open water data showed a quadratic relationship between k (cm hr^–1) and the neutral 10-m wind speed (U_10n, m s^–1), k=0.245 U_10n²+1.3, in close agreement with tracer-based results and much lower than previous EC studies. In the SIZ, it was found that k decreased in proportion to sea ice cover. This contrasted findings of enhanced F_c in the SIZ by previous open-path EC campaigns. Using the NBP results a net annual Southern Ocean (ocean south of 30°S) carbon flux of –1.1 PgC yr^–1 was calculated.

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Ferretti, Dominic Francesco. "The development and application of a new high precision GC-IRMS technique for N₂O-free isotopic analysis of astmospheric CO₂." [Wellington, New Zealand] : Victoria University of Wellington, 1999. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/154329143.html.

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Bachman, Sarah. "Elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide and precipitation alter ecosystem carbon fluxes over northern mixed-grass prairie at the prairie heating and CO2 enrichment (PHACE) experiment in Cheyenne, Wyoming, USA." Laramie, Wyo. : University of Wyoming, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1445355711&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=18949&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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48

Wilkins, Diana. "Effect of elevated carbon dioxide on cherry (Prunus) : a biochemical and physiological approach." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1995. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.282143.

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49

Goodman, Joseph. "Economic and technical study of carbon dioxide reduction technologies." Thesis, Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006, 2006. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-10182006-153257/.

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Mandiwana, KL, and N. Panichev. "The leaching of vanadium(V) in soil due to the presence of atmospheric carbon dioxide and ammonia." Elsevier, 2009. http://encore.tut.ac.za/iii/cpro/DigitalItemViewPage.external?sp=1001493.

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The natural leaching of vanadium(V) with CO2 from soil-water in the presence of ammonia, a known precursor to atmospheric aerosols, has been tested by bubbling carbon dioxide through soil suspension with varying amount of ammonia. It was found that the leaching of V(V) is enhanced in the presence of ammonia. From the results of the investigation, it could be concluded that atmospheric CO2 in the presence of ammonia (the only atmospheric gas that increases the pH of soil-water) could naturally leach V(V) from soil. Furthermore, it was also shown that the presence of (NH4)2CO3 in soil could enhance the leaching of toxic V(V) species thereby making it bioavailable for both plants and animals.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Atmospheric carbon dioxide on plants'

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