Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Atmosphère – Mexico (Mexique ; État)'
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Xu, Yang. "Analysis of atmospheric CO2 measurements in Mexico City." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UPASJ013.
Full textCities are responsible for more than 70% of the global CO2 emissions and thus play an important role in mitigating climate change. Mayors and local governments have been taking measures to reduce urban CO2 emissions and to reach carbon neutrality. In order to evaluate their efforts, a series of high-resolution city-scale emission inventories were established. Top-down inversion modeling is a widely-used complementary solution to reduce the uncertainties in traditional bottom-up emission inventories. It combines atmospheric modeling and measurements to optimize the greenhouse gas estimates using Bayesian inference methods.The Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA) is one of the largest megacities in the world. Its annual CO2 emissions have grown from 42.1 Mt to 66.0 Mt from 2012 to 2018. The Mexico government has planned to reduce 65.2 Mt CO2 emission during the period 2021-2030. To assess local CO2 emission reduction strategies, a French-Mexican project Mexico City regional Carbon impacts (MERCI-CO2) deployed a network of in-situ and column CO2 observation instruments in MCMA. The CO2 concentration gradients are assimilated in our inversion system based on the WRF-Chem model to improve the inventory estimates of CO2 emissions in and outside MCMA.Various options on meteorological drivers, domain sizes, physics, dynamics schemes and spectral nudging of the WRF modeling system over MCMA were quantitatively evaluated for model performance. A series of meteorological parameters were taken into account for the comparison between simulations and in-situ observations, LiDar analysis as well as WMO radiosonde observations. For the purpose of CO2 simulation, the most studied variables are those related to the dispersion of the ambient air, including air temperatures, wind speeds, wind directions and mixing heights. These sensitivity tests helped to define the optimal model configuration.The CO2 concentration maps over MCMA during 3 typical months (January, May and July) were reconstructed by the double-nesting 5-km resolution WRF-Chem model, coupled with the local emission inventories from UNAM and the global emission inventories ODIAC scaled by temporal scaling factors. The evaluation of CO2 simulations were based on CO2 in-situ measurements by PICARRO and column measurements (XCO2) by FTIR at an urban site UNA and at the background station ALZ. Along with the evaluation, we also analyzed the temporal and spatial distribution of CO2 signals, as well as the area impacted by anthropogenic fluxes and by biogenic fluxes. Based on our analysis, we assessed the potential of our network to constrain the urban emissions, defined the potential locations for future stations, and defined a “background index” to represent the suitability to build a background station.After the ground validation of the modeling system, we performed a 1-year inversion over the MCMA from 30 March 2018 to 30 March 2019. According to the assimilation of concentration gradients between the urban station and the rural station, the inversion adjusted the prior anthropogenic emission from UNAM and ODIAC estimates, in parallel with prior biogenic fluxes from the CASA model and background concentrations by CarbonTracker 2019B global inversion system. An ensemble of inversion configurations was constructed. The reference configuration optimizes three components: fossil fuel sources, biogenic fluxes and background concentrations to generate separate scaling factors for each block of 5 days. The sensitivity tests include several temporal error correlation length scales between continuous days, varying time windows over each day, a separation of the activity sectors (traffic), a filter over the MCMA, varying data screening and block sizes, to evaluate the performances of the inversion, and to specify the impact of our various configurations. The same system was also used to assimilate carbon monoxide concentrations, collected at the two stations since December 2018
Montero, Serrano Jean Carlos. "Sedimentary and paleoclimate dynamics of the Gulf of Mexico during the last glacial cycle." Thesis, Lille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL10059/document.
Full textThe objectives of this thesis are to study the sedimentary features of some basins of the Gulf of Mexico (Pigmy and La Salle basins) in order to reconstitute the variability of the detrital input via the Mississippi River during the last climatic cycle. An integrated approach coupling mineralogy, granulometry, and geochemistry (inorganic and organic), within a precise chronostratigraphic framework, allows to progress in the understanding of the relations between the mid- and high-latitude climatic mechanisms and the subtropical hydrology, as well as to propose synoptic models of the ocean-atmosphere coupling. The contrasting mineralogy of the zones drained by the catchment system of the Mississippi River watershed allows constraining the continental zones which will successively feed the sedimentation of the Gulf of Mexico. The modifications of the detrital sources revealed for the last climatic cycle enabled (1) to track down the localization of the zones of destabilization of the southern margin of the Laurentide Ice Sheet and the sequence of sedimentary processes during the freshwater discharges, which characterized the last deglaciation, (2) to highlight modifications of the precipitation front which were associated with episodes of large Mississippi River floods during interglacial times, and therefore, to deduce information on the hydrological regime, and (3) to suggest schematic models of meridian transfer of moisture contrasted during interglacial stages 1 and 5e, suggesting an appreciable difference in the atmospheric configurations. The confrontation of these results with other paleoclimatic records allowed to propose simple models of the atmosphere-ocean-continent interactions recorded in the Gulf of Mexico, which are based on the modifications of both the atmospheric configurations (Jet Stream and ITCZ) and oceanic (extension of Atlantic Warm Pool). These models confirm the major role of the atmosphere as a vector of rapid climatic variability
Cao, Umberto. "Fighting For and Fighting Through Electricity : an Ethnography of the Civil Resistance Movement "Luz y Fuerza del Pueblo" from Chiapas, Mexico." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019EHES0092.
Full textThe thesis is about the Civil Resistance Movement "Luz y Fuerza del Pueblo", from Chiapas, Mexico. It was born in the first years of the 2000s and the majority of its activists are peasant and indigenous. Though, it can't be defined as a "peasant movement", nor as an "indigenous movement. At the core of its mission there is electricity, indeed, which the Movement considers as a basic right, whose access – it claims - should be universal and nondiscriminatory. Accordingly, in the territories controlled by its activists, the Movement performs a direct access to the power grid and an autonomous management of it. Yet, at the same time, it makes use of electricity as a means of wider political struggle aimed to autonomy and social justice. In this sense, Luz y Fuerza case may be revealing of a more general trend potentially informing social mobilizations in the Age of Anthropocene. The work is organized in three parts. The first part introduces contemporary Mexico, by means of the main categories local actors mobilized to describe their living conditions: poverty, liberal policies, structural violence, and socioeconomic and political exclusion. The second part defines the state of the art in the anthropology of social movements and the main theoretical references inspiring the study. Specifically, the historical and epistemological process leading to the emergence of autonomy as a theoretical and political paradigm is retraced. And it is shown how this latter has progressively informed Latin-American peasant struggles since the last decades of the 1900s. The third part is completely devoted to the ethnography of Luz y Fuerza del Pueblo. This provides an in-depth representation of the Movement and of its history. Which is followed by an analysis of the motivations for the activists to militate in such a movement. Its political agenda is therefore investigated. The experiences, the forms and the imaginaries of the civil resistance performed by the Movement are eventually observed. In the conclusions, the work proposes some critical insights about the policies on indigenous people and Chiapas, implemented by the "socialist" president Andrés Manuel López Obrador during the first hundred days of his term
La tesi verte sul Movimento di Resistenza Civile "Luz y Fuerza del Pueblo" attivo nello stato del Chiapas, Messico. Sorto nella prima metà degli anni 2000, esso ha una composizione maggioritariamente contadina ed indigena. Ma non può essere definito né come "movimento contadino", né come "movimento indigeno". Esso pone infatti al centro della propria agenda l'elettricità, che considera come diritto fondamentale e per la quale rivendica un accesso pieno ed universale. Il Movimento opera pertanto un accesso diretto alla rete elettrica e una gestione autonoma della stessa, nei territori controllati dai suoi attivisti. Al contempo, però, esso fa dell'energia elettrica uno strumento di lotta per un più ampio programma politico che ha come fino l'autogoverno e una maggiore giustizia sociale. In questo senso, si ipotizza che il caso specifico di Luz y Fuerza del Pueblo possa essere rivelatore di una più ampia tendenza che potrebbe informare le mobilitazioni sociali all'epoca dell'Antropocene. Il lavoro si articola in tre parti. Nella prima parte si procede a un'introduzione al contesto del Messico contemporaneo, con una precipua attenzione agli elementi a cui gli attori sul campo ricorrono per descrivere le proprie condizioni di vita: povertà, politiche liberali, violenza strutturale ed esclusione socioeconomica e politica. Nella seconda parte viene delineato lo stato dell'arte dell'antropologia dei movimenti sociali e i principali orizzonti teorici a cui lo studio fa riferimento. In particolare, si ripercorre il processo storico ed epistemologico che ha portato l'autonomia ad emergere come paradigma teorico e politico, e come a partire dagli ultimi decenni del XX secolo, questa abbia progressivamente informato le lotte contadine, in particolare dell'America Latina. La terza parte è interamente dedicata all'etnografia del movimento Luz y Fuerza del Pueblo, con una rappresentazione approfondita dello stesso e della sua storia, da un'analisi delle motivazioni dei suoi attivisti, dall'esame della suo programma politico e, infine, da un approfondimento sulle esperienze, sulle forme e sugli immaginari della resistenza civile di cui è protagonista. Il lavoro si conclude con alcuni spunti critici sulle politiche riguardanti i popoli indigeni e il Chiapas, adottate dal presidente "socialista" Andrés Manuel López Obrador a cento giorni dal suo insediamento
Sanchez, Plata Fabiana. "Les couples de la Vallée de Solis (Mexique) et la migration masculine vers les États-Unis : lecture genrée des aspects affectifs et économiques." Toulouse 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008TOU20099.
Full textThis thesis dissertation, entitled: couple and male migration in Solis Valley (Temascalcingo, state of Mexico) concern affective and economical, relation within the couple. We studied the male migration through two main axes: money (revenues called « remesas ») and affectivity. These two concepts have consequence on behavioural modes and attach values and norms to each gender. They determine couple relations at distance. Through couple's experience we have built the affective and economical processes a which are linked to male migration. We analyze the men's departures, the separation, the border crossing, the time of reciprocal wait, the come back and the situation of breaking too. We also show the consequences, the men's absence living above in the personal life and in the couple life. The economical advantages of migration are analyzed within the contradiction of the human ambition, in which the affectivity play a major role. Some of couple experience social rise at material and economical level while they have difficulty in restablishing a conjugal affective links some others have reason affective links and departing to the North, looks for adding an economical value to their couple life. For these couple of Solis Valley reconciliating this two aspects, economical and affectivity, is the main challenge
Lorenzen, Martiny Matthew James. "Vers une nouvelle ruralité : urbanisation et changements dans l'agriculture dans le centre du Mexique." Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010512/document.
Full textThis thesis analyses the causes and impacts of urbanization and rural gentrification in three municipalities of the state of Morelos, Mexico, and the reproduction strategies that native inhabitants draw on in this context. We examine two types of causes of this urbanisation and rural gentrification, those which, from the "production side", create the offer of gentritied spaces, and those which, from the "consumption si de", encourage the demand for these spaces. As for the impacts of this urbanisation and rural gentrification on the native inhabitants, they are, in general, positive in economic terms, encouraging the anchoring of these inhabitants to tbeir localities of origin through the creation of job opportunities (especially in the service sector), but negative in social and environmental terms, Moreover. we analyse the agricultural, agrarian and non agricultural reproduction strategies that the native inhabitants draw on in this context or urbanisation and rural gentrification. ln this way, we show that there is an expansion of non agricultural strategies - especiallv the adoption of non agricultural employrnent and the increase in schooling - !hat have impacts on agricultural strategies, notably concerning the reduction in the participation of family labour in agricultural activities and the increase in the weight of wage labour, and on land tenure strategies, encouraging the selling and renting out of plots
Pădure, Cristian Tudor. "La variation copule/clitique sujet en romani du Mexique au contact de ser et estar de l'espagnol." Thesis, Paris, INALCO, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019INAL0002/document.
Full textThis thesis examines the alternation in of the Romani copula si and the subject clitics lo; -li/-la; -le. It is a linguistic phenomenon that is absent from all the Romani varieties spoken in Europe and which according to Adamou (2013) has been developed under the influence of Spanish in the Romani communities who have settled in Latin America since the 19th century. This study has been possible thanks to the collection of original data from bilingual speakers of the community of La Rinconada in the State of Veracruz in Mexico. Based on the analysis of a spontaneous oral corpus of approximately 16 hours and responses from 60 participants to a questionnaire of copula choice, I was able to identify the variables underlying the use of copulas in both languages. The linguistic variables described for the variation of the copulas ser and estar in Spanish, as for example the frame of reference and the type of predicate, are also relevant to understand the use of copulas in Romani. However, it appears clearly that the Romani subject clitics are particularly dynamic in present affirmative constructions of third person where they tend to overshadow the traditional Romani copula si. It is possible to argue that this expansion that started under the influence of Spanish is now in turn influencing the use of Spanish copulas. Indeed, there is in parallel a dynamic use of the copula estar and extension to contexts previously covered by the copula ser, following a more general trend documented in Mexican Spanish
Baronnet, Bruno. "Autonomía y educación indígena : las escuelas zapatistas de las cañadas de la selva Lacandona de Chiapas, México." Thesis, Paris 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA030087.
Full textBased on the educational practices of the Zapatista peasants of Chiapas, autonomy is conceptualized as the collective construction of a project of Indian peoples in a field of domination and social resistance. At the center of the dispute with the nation state, control over educators by the communities who designate and evaluate them is put into perspective with other contexts, discourses and actions of indigenous political organizations in Latin America. Before 1994, Indian education programs, primarily clandestine, as in the Quiché [Guatemala] and Cauca [Colombia], were antecedents to the Zapatista experience of radical autonomy. As endogenous policies, sui generis, and historically located in multicultural territories or refuges, they call into question the capacity and legitimacy of the nation state in the administrative and pedagogical management of schools. With the authority of the assembly of families and of new communitarian roles! [including the “promoters of education”], the power relations and the social positions of intermediation are being reconfigured between State actors and rebel territories. The active participation of Tzeltal activists contributes to the social appropriation of the school, thus becoming a barrier against social differentiation and cultural assimilation. This participation is an engine for dignity and legitimacy in managing space and time at school, as well as methods and contents. Changes related to autonomy destabilize the status quo in terms of the organization of the school, the political role and work of teachers, and the educational choices relevant for Zapatistas indigenous people
Blazquez, Adèle. "« L'aube s'est levée sur un mort ». Anthropologie politique de la violence armée et de la culture du pavot à Badiraguato (Sinaloa, Mexique)." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019EHES0132.
Full textIn a political anthropology approach, this thesis describes the everyday experience of the inhabitants of Badiraguato, a municipality located in the state of Sinaloa (Northwestern Mexico). Regularly described as the "cradle of drug trafficking" and the base of the "Sinaloa Cartel", this rural and marginalized municipality is heavily affected by armed violence and its economy relies on poppy production. Contrary to the common focus on the State, armed groups and drug trafficking, I aim to put these actors and activities in their rightful place, in what they do to the social context, so that they cease to be a prior determinant of its reading. Through the study of a situated social configuration, the articulation between institutional stability and armed violence appears to be constitutive of the precarious condition in which the inhabitants are caught. Thus, this research weaves together several dimensions: the everyday experience of violence, the meanings given to violent acts and the ambivalent relationships of predation, exploitation and protection in which violent practices take place. In a pragmatic and materialistic approach, each chapter is organized around a logic of action, so that the description of situations gradually reveals the context. The thesis follows the social experience of the inhabitants through the successive study of displacements, daily sociabilities, modes of subsistence and accumulation, access to land, predation in gender relations, homicides, municipal administration and impeded attempts to transform this context. It is based on an 18-month ethnography conducted between 2013 and 2016 in the main village, the offices of the town hall and the hamlets that dot the territory
Sigales, Ruiz Silvia Rosa. "Contribution à l'étude des états de stress post-traumatiques des situations de catastrophes : les pertubations psychiques chez les "victimes attendantes" de la catastrophe industrielle de San Juan Ixhuatepec, Mexico." Toulouse 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU20022.
Full textSince the beginning of industrial development, society is faced with dangers linked to this development. Today, industrial accidents leading men towards distress and suffering at the time of this type of disaster is frequent. Human and material losses are the inescapable mark of the devastating effect of this modern era phenomenon. However, this mark can overtake, in our view, the destabilising effects of the personality of the subject who is faced with such an event in the different levels of implication (rescuers, deciders, direct and indirect victims, witnesses, etc. ). This investigation puts into evidence the importance of carrying out research allowing us to understand the psychic processes put in place by the populations confronted to industrial disasters and the pathological consequences that may be developed by the victims on a long term basis. Il this way, this study is applied to the San Juan Ixhuatepec population (Northern suburb of Mexico City), who, since the 1984 industrial disaster,is faced with a series of industrial accidents in the petrochimical plants PEMEX. Our work consists in evaluating 13 years after the first disaster (1984), the consequences due to this chronic aggressing agent. We have therefore applied to a sample of 117 subjects, women and men, our evaluation mechanism for which we have used as main tool the Inventory-Scale of traumatic neurosis (state of post-traumatic stress). The results obtained confirmed our general hypothesis, that in on the long term the "waiting victims" subjects of an industrial disaster have psychopathological consequences leading the individual into the suffering brought up by a mortifying traumatism. The fact of evaluating the psychological consequences of an industrial disaster can bring, on a long term basis, as first objective, awareness of the victims' new psychosocial pathologies, and the to intervene face this traumatism in order to obtain lessons enabling society to be prepared to this possible industrial danger
Rinaldy, Alicia. "Rester au village. Une génération à l’épreuve des changements économiques, politiques et familiaux au sud du Mexique (1943-2014)." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCA112/document.
Full textFrom an ethnographic investigation in a coffee region of Soconusco, in southern Chiapas, this thesis contributes to understand the profound changes of Mexican rural world and especially those that affected the ejido. It documents the economic, political and family trajectories of men and women of a transitional generation, born around 1950, who lived two distinct historical moments: a first socialization structured around the agrarian production and the ejido, which imposed obligations and built specific gender identities; then, from the 90s, in a new step of her family life course, this generation faces deagrarianization and individualization process of the labor market and state intervention. In the village, the families had then professional trajectories more diverse, more tertiary and less agrarian, but also precarious and strongly differentiated according to the individuals and their family support. It involves understanding how, in this new context, some manage to “stay in the village” with the analysis of the family territories perpetuating this local anchorage. This thesis gets to read the experiences of the sedentary people and the narratives of a generation whose first socialization frames are today profoundly questioned. Men and women interviewed rebuild their symbolic affiliations, their family and village links
Pointeau, Noémie. "La revitalisation de l'identité française à San Rafael, État de Veracruz, Mexique (1986-2012)." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REN20033/document.
Full textThis research focuses on the revival of the French identity in San Rafael, Veracruz in Mexico since the eighties to present. This current period saw indeed a peak in this ancient farm settlement movement that can be designated as French identity revitalization.This study focuses on the underlying reasons for this revival and operation of it, but it also captures the major issues and the impact on the locality. For this, and considering the complexity of the contexts in which the French migration in the nineteenth century, the gradual abandonment of French identity in the early twentieth century and the revitalization happened, this research is in the field of the fourteenth section of National Council of Universities (spanish speciality), but is inspired by the historical anthropology's tools and methods.Three main themes are addressed, based on the general observation of the studied phenomenon, the mechanisms of the revitalization process of French identity and the impact of the national context on the identification of local social actors
Brondino, Laura. "Les pouvoirs intermédiaires et la construction de l'Etat mexicain. Les jefes políticos de l'état du Yucatán (1878-1902)." Thesis, Paris 4, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA040126.
Full textThis research studies the establishment of the hierarchical power of the Mexican State in its territories on the local scale. It focuses on the case study of the federated state of Yucatán. An intermediary civil official, the jefe político is introduced step by step between the governor and the municipal powers, this institution is achieved during the last quarter of the 19th century. He is, on the one hand, the agent of the state authority in the partidos (districts) and, on the other hand, the official intermediary between the executive power, the municipal authorities and the society, as the voice of the local requests. This double-acting office, essentially based on public relations, enables us to analyze the imbrications rather than the contrasts between the State establishment and the non-state powers in the Mexican State building, in order to clear up the specific character of the Mexican State and to explain the mechanisms by which the porfirian government could last in time by adapting to the existent socio-political actors and by using them into its service
Tocilovac, Marko. "La fabrique politique de la frontière mexico-américaine : Etat, ONG et expériences frontalières à San Diego (Californie, Etats-Unis)." Paris, EHESS, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EHES0686.
Full textThe research conducted as part of my PhD dissertation offers an analysis of the U. S. -Mexico border through the study of the multiplicity of its actors, issues and experiences. Based on a fourteen-month fieldwork in San Diego, California (USA) between 2009 and 2011, this study questions the interactional dynamics on migration and border issues between federal agents, non-State actors, migrants and residents of border communities. Through this work of political anthropology, I examine how daily productions of border experiences are negotiated through the analysis of the border dispositif deployed by the United-States federal government and of the reactions that these policies and practices induce among non-State actors. I try to demonstrate that the border, in the variety of its existing modalities, is not under the absolute and exclusive control of the State. Non-State actors, through a set of actions, claims, disputes and negotiations with federal agencies actually transform the experiences of the border. They thus participate in the political fabrique of a multidimensional border, working as an unexpected and heterogeneous assemblage, which contradicts the monopoly of the State as it is asserted at the limits of its territory
Torres, Martinez Rubén. "Jeunes et clivages : présentation et validation du clivage Etat - Eglise catholique au Mexique : un essai de typologie." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM1025/document.
Full textSince the independence of Mexico (1821), two political groups have been competing for the control of the country. Throughout the twentieth century, the hegemonic party used the entire state apparatus system to make it impossible to observe the cleavages in the country and on the contrary it stimulated the idea of a party-state above all social conflict. We have studied and exploited the concept of cleavage as a tool. This concept allows us to examine where the lines that divide the society lie. The case of mayor political parties has been studied: the National Action Party (PAN) the Party of Democratic Revolution (PRD) and the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI). The constitutional amendments that occurred during Salinas's administration have put the State and the Catholic Church in confrontation again. Indeed, this conflict has become the center of a national debate. We can see that the conflict has been institutionalized and has continued until today. To reach our goal we present a series of interviews with the young leaders from political parties. We analyze their answers from the State - Catholic Church cleavage. Crossed questions about the “sensitive” subjects (abortion and gay marriage) let us detect the reproduction of cleavage. We develop and propose a typology (Weber) to guide and lead this research
Garcia, Gomez Beatriz. "Variabilité intrinsèque de l'océan modulée par l'atmosphère dans le Golfe du Mexique : une étude par modélisation d'ensemble." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALU016.
Full textThe Gulf of Mexico (GoM) is of primary societal and economic importance for the countries that surround it. The ocean circulation and dynamics in the GoM are characterized by an intense mesoscale activity that is mostly associated with the Loop Current (LC) and the eddies that separate from it.Some studies have highlighted the variability of this current system that is driven by the atmospheric variability (i.e. the forced part). Other studies focus on the intrinsic part of the variability, which spontaneously emerges from ocean flows and that has a chaotic behavior. The contributions of atmospheric and oceanic sources of the ocean variability in the GoM are not well known, although this question is central for understanding and forecasting the ocean flows in that region. Our objective is to study the interplay between the ocean intrinsic variability and the atmospheric forcing in the GoM, using a regional 20-year, 1/4° 50-member ensemble ocean simulation.We show that at most time scales, the simulated variability approximately matches altimeter observations in magnitude and spatial distribution. Our analyses also suggest that observed time series of Sea Level Anomaly (SLA) are not long enough presently to yield a robust description of the dynamics of the LC, in particular the timing of eddy sheddings. The daily SLA variability is then analyzed probabilistically from ensemble PDFs, and entropy-based metrics that we introduce. We identify regions (Gulf Stream, LC, central GoM, Caribbean Sea) where the subannual SLA variability is mostly intrinsic, with a persistently small sensitivity to the atmospheric forcing. This conclusion holds at annual and interannual periods as well in the first 3 regions listed above.The constraint exerted by the atmosphere on the intrinsic variability fluctuates more in other regions: hurricane and winter storms drive sharp entropy drops along their paths, in particular near the coasts along which subsequent storm surges propagate; interannual forcing anomalies can also exert large constraints on the ensemble members, yielding large-scale entropy anomalies that slowly propagate westward across the Caribbean Sea.The multi-scale oceanic variability in the whole region is thus the complex result of intrinsic/chaotic ocean dynamics modulated by the atmosphere, and can be fruitfully studied using ensemble modelling strategies
Hamzaoui, Ikbal. "Le son jarocho, un genre musical métis de Veracruz." Thesis, Paris 4, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA040190.
Full textThis work concerns the son jarocho, a mestizo musical genre from Veracruz, Mexico, and its possible similarities with a musical genre of Tunisia, the stambeli. This project came following situations of spontaneous listening to the Son jarocho reminding an air of ressemblance with the stambeli. The same impression was reproduced repeatedly and in various places and contexts with friends or students in Tunisia. Five fieldwork stays, between 2010 and 2013, in the state of Veracruz, in the cities of Veracruz, Jalapa, and the region of Tuxtlas led me to closer study this question of possible links between both genres and how the are perceived in Mexico. During my last fieldwork stay in Mexico (July-September 2013), I experienced this spontaneous listening in the reverse sense, and the majority of people thought they were listening to the begining of the son El Toro Zacamandu while they were listening to Sidi Marzug nuba from the stambeli repertoire. In 2014, I organized a meeting in Tunis between a group of son jarocho and stambeli musicians. The question of ‘Afro-Mexican’ identity is also approached on this work. How are the son jarocho musicians situated regarding this widely approached question? The whole work is centred around a comparative study between son jarocho and Stambeli through transcription and analysis of three sones jarochos and two nubas of stambeli. I analyze the relation between the singing and the leona parts in the son jarocho and the singing and gumbri parts in the stambeli. Ways of functioning in these two different musical genres appear to be similar
Rangel, Murueta Jhonnatan. "Variations linguistiques et langue en danger. Le cas du numte ʔoote ou zoque ayapaneco dans l’Etat de Tabasco, Mexique." Thesis, Paris, INALCO, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019INAL0001.
Full textAyapaneco, Zoque Ayapaneco or numte ʔoote (ethnonyme) is a critically endangered language spoken by approximately 11 people between the ages of 69- and 95-years-old in the state of Tabasco, Mexico. Ayapaneco is the least studied and least documented language in the Mixe-Zoque family. The intergenerational transmission of the language was interrupted in the 1950s. Today, it has a very limited role in the daily language practices of its remaining speakers.This thesis documents, describes and analyzes the sociolinguistic situation of Ayapaneco as well as its linguistic characteristics, focusing on language variation. Although variation is a phenomenon inherent to all world languages, studying variation within the context of critically endangered languages presents specific theoretical and methodological challenges.After presenting the characteristics of language variation in Ayapaneco, this thesis offers new perspectives on the study of these variations in critically endangered languages. A multifactorial analysis is used to question traditional approaches and propose new insights, contributing to the fields of language variation and language change in the context of critically endangered languages
Portilla, Hoffmann Nathalie. "Résister depuis l'école : une ethnographie des Ecoles intégrales d'éducation basique au Michoacán (Mexique)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris Cité, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UNIP7131.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the alternative pedagogical proposal of the dissident union of teachers of Michoacán (Mexico). Combining theory from education science and anthropology of education as well as ethnographic qualitative methods, this research aims to analyse acts of resistance in everyday pedagogical practices. Through their work as teachers and through their political power as members of a social movement, these teachers have thought, written, and implemented an alternative left-wing curriculum in so-called Integral Schools of Basic Education. These schools are raised by their teachers as a tool of struggle and resistance in the face of national educational reforms and international injunctions. By analysing this specific struggle, this thesis is part of more general questions concerning the forms of subversion of the new educational world order. By the very fact of taking place within school, the resistance finds itself subject to the same tensions and the same contradictions the school faces. Indeed, these teachers contribute to building the institution while resisting it at the same time. The teachers of this social movement use the revolutionary past. Nevertheless, the Mexican corporatist structure and dynamics are also part of this dissident movement. This thesis analyses the personal experiences and values of each teacher. At the same time, it considers the fact that those teachers went beyond their differences to put forward this alternative pedagogical proposal. The teachers use the alternative curriculum to think and build political, administrative, and pedagogical strategies for their struggle. This curriculum also legitimises the rhetoric within the union and public discourses. In the end, Integral Schools are a school like any other: playgrounds, classrooms, blackboards, desks, notebooks, and a teacher facing the students. Nevertheless, in these schools, teachers, students, and the community can reveal the arbitrariness of school content, can question the pedagogical structure of a course, can breed fish and sell them, and they even can reproduce the official school
A partir del estudio de caso de la propuesta de un curriculum alternativo del magisterio disidente de Michoacán (México), esta tesis se propone analizar una resistencia educativa en acción, a ras del suelo, desde prácticas pedagógicas cotidianas y contextualizadas. El marco teórico se constituye desde las ciencias de la educación y la antropología de la educación, en complemento con una metodología cualitativa, la observación etnográfica. Desde su profesión de maestros·as, y desde el poder político que construyen como miembros de un movimiento social, el magisterio michoacano disidente concibió, escribió un currículo alternativo, políticamente de izquierda, que implementó en lo que llamaron Escuelas integrales de educación básica. Estas escuelas se manejan como herramienta de lucha y resistencia frente a las reformas educativas nacionales que, por su parte, responden a mandatos internacionales. El análisis de caso de esta tesis hace eco a debates que rebasan las discusiones estatales y nacionales, agregándose a otras formas de subversión frente al nuevo orden educativo mundial. Al llevarse a cabo dentro del espacio escolar, la resistencia estudiada está sujeta a las mismas tensiones y contradicciones que vive la escuela. Es decir, los y las maestras deben al mismo tiempo hacer escuela y resistir a la institución. En un primer momento, el trabajo de campo reveló la necesidad de revisar las raíces históricas que aún se hacen presentes en la vida del magisterio. Por un lado, el movimiento social construido por las y los maestros movilizados se ancla en el pasado revolucionario. Sin embargo, la estructura y la resistencia al cambio del corporativismo mexicano también forman parte del movimiento disidente. En seguida, además de los factores históricos, se planteó la paradoja de ofrecer una mirada desde abajo que le dé cabida tanto a la subjetividad de cada maestro·a, como al trabajo colectivo que gestó al propio plan de estudios alternativo. El análisis avanza para revelar un curriculum que es un objeto en torno al cual, o a partir del cual, se ponen en marcha estrategias administrativas, políticas o pedagógicas para sostener la lucha magisterial. Este curriculum legitima discursos, tanto internamente en el sindicato como externamente cuando se dirigen a la sociedad en su totalidad. El plan de estudios alternativo toma vida en las Escuelas integrales, que son, al fin y al cabo, escuelas como las demás: tienen un patio, aulas con pizarrones, pupitres, cuadernos y un·a maestro·a frente a los alumnos. Sin embargo, en los recintos de estas escuelas es posible hacer todo tipo de cosas, como revelar la arbitrariedad de los contenidos escolares, cuestionar la estructura pedagógica de un curso, criar peces para venderlos e incluso reproducir la escuela oficial
Martin, Guillemette. "Identité régionale et construction nationale en Amérique latine. La ville seconde au Mexique (Guadalajara) et au Pérou (Arequipa), des années 1880 aux années 1920." Thesis, Paris 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA030027/document.
Full textBelonging to the now classical historiographical field of the national construction the thesis has for main objective to understand the role played by regions in the process of consolidation of the nation-state in Latin America, in the transition between nineteenth and twentieth centuries (1880-1920). The thesis wants to demonstrate that, if this period corresponds in all Latin American countries to a strong centralization moment from the central power, it’s also an important moment in the definition of regional identities and it participation to the national destiny. To carry out this interpretative project of the political contemporary evolution of Latin America, the doctoral analysis proposes to compare the political speech and arguments emitted by the elites from Guadalajara, in Mexico, and Arequipa in Peru, from a systematic and detailed revision of the regional press published in both cities
Darsel, Alain. "Le Porfiriat et l'intégration au marché national dans l'État de Guanajuato." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU20082/document.
Full textThese work deals with the analysis of a differential integration of the regions of Mex-ico to a national market during the Porfirian era. The formation of a national market was not a harmonious and equilibrated process during this period of time. The dis-tinct hypothesis of a population growth and urbanization, of a growing specialization of the work force, and of the wealth production, of the development of commercial structures and at last of an efficient transportation link were confronted to the real figures founded in the archive holdings of two regions of the State of Guanajuato who have, each of them, known a certain form of prosperity during the Porfirian pe-riod but then have followed, distinct paths of development. Our conclusions driven by this comparative study are not what we expected and show that the conditions of a growing participation to a national market were not, partly or even entirely fulfilled. If the demographic changes observed in our two zones are a positive indication of a potential integration to the national market, the uncertain creation of wealth in one zone and the fragile and fleeting growth of the production in the other don’t advocate in favour of a best integration to a domestic market of national dimension. On the other hand, the weakness of the commercial structures and the lack of dynamism of the trading community, were responsible for the slowdown of the process. And finally, the economic inefficiency and the inconsistent decisions in terms of transport infrastructure have slowed the impact that modern means of transport could have had on the opening of the market
El propósito de este trabajo es de analizar la integración diferencial de las regiones de México al mercado nacional durante el Porfiriato (1876-1910). La formación de un mercado nacional nunca fue harmoniosa o equilibrada en México durante este periodo. Las hipótesis de un crecimiento demografico y de una urbanización, de una especialización creciente de la fuerza de trabajo, de la creación significativa de riquezas, del desarrollo de las estructuras comerciales y de una red de vías de comunicación se enfrentan a la realidad de las cifras recopiladas en dos zonas del estado de Guanajuato que han conocida cada una, a su manera una particular forma de prosperidad durante el Porfiriato para seguir después trayectorias totalmente diferentes. Las conclusiones que hemos sacado de este análisis comparativo no son realmente positivas y muestran que, de un lado como del otro, las condiciones de una participación mayor al mercado nacional no estaban (o lo estaban solamente en parte) reunidas al final del Porfiriato. Si la evolución demográfica verificada en cada una de las dos zonas del estudio constituye una variable potencialmente favorable a la integración, la creación tímida de nuevas riquezas de un lado y aleatoria del otro no participa a una mejor integración à un mercado interior de dimensión na-cional. La ausencia verificada de estructuras comerciales de un lado y la falta de dinamismo de otro lado de los actores del comercio frenan consi-derablemente el proceso. En fin, la ineficacia económica y la incoherencia de las decisiones en materia de vías de comunicación limitan el impacto que los medios modernos de transporte de mercancías podían tener sobre la ampliación del mercado
Laurant-Berthoud, Claire. "Les herbes de la vie : entre Tlazotéotl et Hippocrate, plantes médicinales et pratiques thérapeutiques des sages-femmes traditionnelles de l’Altiplano central du Mexique." Thesis, Paris 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA030022.
Full textIn Mexico, more specifically in the state of Morelos, traditional midwives compose a heterogeneous group with regards to their cultural and ethnic origins, their therapeutic praxis, their individual personalities, their training, their fees, etc. At crossroads of knowledge sources, midwives draw their competence from Náhuatl medical traditions and benefited from an academic training from occidental medicine as well. They resort to a number of diverse techniques belonging to wise and popular medical traditions which often refer to a priori conflicting systems. Midwives from Morelos demonstrate their capacity to integrate the lore from those different traditions. Their interest towards the therapies relating to the sphere of the present so-called alternative medicines also indicates their openness and the flexibility of their praxis. From a therapeutic point of view, the midwives assume aspecific role with clear characteristics in accompanying women all along the maternity process, from conception to puerperal period. Baths, massage, nutrition and herbal remedies constitute their main therapeutical resources; the range of their pharmacopoeia varies from a dozen to about a hundredplants. The therapeutic system of the midwives is based on the invariant dichotomy of hot and cold
Augier, de Moussac Nathalie. "MAGNUM SIGNUM MEXICANUM - " Révélations " autour de l'image de la Vierge de Guadalupe. XVIe - XXIe siècles." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017EHES0126.
Full textThe miraculous image of the Mexican Virgin of Guadalupe is much more than a religious icon : It is a national symbol and a political object which has been at the heart of constant rivalities between the civil authorities and the Church since her "apparition" in the XVIth century. Without neglecting the intimate relationship most Mexicans have developed with her, we have been focusing on this aspect, too often forgotten from most scholar studies on the matter
Armijo, Fortin Alexandra. "La transmission des normes internationales en droits de la personne et le développement démocratique au Mexique." Thèse, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/10817.
Full textWhat is the power of international human rights norms ? Do those norms have the capacity to change the political course of a State ? More precisely, can they contribute to a better human rights protection and the democratization of a State ? This thesis tackles these questions and tries to figure out how the international human rights norms are participating to the political evolution of a country. Examining the case of Mexico, this thesis seeks to provide answers to three main questions. The first one is related to the path followed by norms : are the domestic human rights groups bypassing their State to search out international allies to bring pressure on the government, as suggested by the boomerang model, or are they able to display effective pressure for human rights changes? This thesis also tries to understand the impact of human rights groups on human rights domestic changes : are the international and national human rights groups able to bring out domestic human rights changes ? Finally, the impact of human rights groups on democratization is examined : do international and national human rights groups play a role within the democratization of the mexican State ? The analysis of data helps to draw the appropriate conclusions. First, the thesis argues that domestic human rights groups are using the boomerang effect, seeking international allies in Mexico to put effective pressure on their gouvernment. Indeed, the human rights domestic pressure became effective only when the international community started to get involved in the protection of human rights in Mexico. Secondly, it shows that international and national human rights groups have been efficient in encouraging the Mexican government to adopt human rights policies between 1988 and 2006. As the human rights sector expanded in Mexico, the government has put into place many reforms and institutions to promote human rights.