Journal articles: 'ATMFD'

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Sible, Emily, Mary Attaway, Giuseppe Fiorica, Jee Eun Choi, Tzippora Chwat-Edelstein, Lyric Haughton, Donna Bedasee, and Bao Q. Vuong. "Function of ATM and MSH2 during nonhomologous end joining in DNA repair." Journal of Immunology 208, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2022): 112.14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.208.supp.112.14.

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Abstract Class switch recombination (CSR) produces secondary immunoglobulin isotypes and requires AID-dependent DNA deamination of intronic switch (S) regions within the immunoglobulin heavy chain gene locus. Non-canonical repair of deaminated DNA by mismatch repair (MMR) or base excision repair (BER) creates DNA breaks that permit recombination between distal S regions. ATM-dependent phosphorylation of AID at serine-38 (pS38-AID) promotes its interaction with APE1, a BER protein, suggesting that ATM regulates CSR through BER. However, pS38-AID may also play a role in MMR during CSR, although the mechanism remains unknown. To examine whether ATM modulates BER- and/or MMR-dependent CSR, ATM−/− mice were bred to mice deficient for the MMR gene MSH2. Surprisingly, the predicted Mendelian frequencies of ATM−/−MSH2−/− adult mice were not observed. To obtain ATM- and MSH2-deficient B cells, ATM was conditionally deleted on an MSH2−/− background using a floxed ATM allele [ATMF] and B cell-specific Cre recombinase expression (CD23-cre) to generate a deleted ATM allele (ATMD). As compared to the ATMD/D and MSH2−/− mice and B cells, the ATMD/DMSH2−/− mice and B cells display a reduced CSR phenotype. Interestingly, Sμ-Sγ1 junctions from ATMD/DMSH2−/− B cells that were induced to switch to IgG1 in vitro revealed a significant loss of blunt end joins and an increase in insertions as compared to wildtype, ATMD/D, or MSH2−/− B cells. This data suggests that the absence of both ATM and MSH2 blocks NHEJ and leads to inefficient end joining and the reduced CSR. We identify complementary roles for ATM and MSH2 in NHEJ and A-EJ during CSR and propose a model whereby ATM and MSH2 function cooperatively to regulate end-joining during CSR through pS38-AID. This work was supported by The National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (5G12MD007603), The National Cancer Institute (2U54CA132378), and The National Institute of General Medical Sciences (1SC1GM132035-01).

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Sible, Emily, Giuseppe Fiorica, Sadia Rahman, Mary Attaway, and Bao Q. Vuong. "Elucidating the role of ATM in BER and MMR during B cell CSR." Journal of Immunology 204, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2020): 151.1. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.204.supp.151.1.

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Abstract Secondary immunoglobulin isotypes are produced by class switch recombination (CSR), which requires AID-dependent DNA deamination of intronic switch (S) regions within the immunoglobulin heavy chain gene. Non-canonical repair of deaminated DNA by mismatch repair (MMR) or base excision repair (BER) creates staggered DNA breaks that promote recombination between S regions. ATM-dependent phosphorylation of AID at serine-38 (pS38-AID) promotes its interaction with a BER protein, suggesting that ATM regulates CSR through BER. However, the mechanism by which ATM participates in BER remains unknown. ATM−/− mice were bred to knockout mice of the MMR gene MSH2. Surprisingly, the predicted Mendelian frequencies of ATM−/−MSH2−/− adult mice were not obtained and preliminary data indicate a late embryonic lethal phenotype. To bypass the observed lethality, ATM was conditionally deleted on an MSH2−/− background using a floxed ATM allele [ATMF] and B cell-specific Cre recombinase expression. These ATMd/dMSH2−/− mice and B cells display a CSR phenotype comparable to ATM−/− B cells, which suggest that ATM may function genetically upstream of MSH2 and implicate a role for ATM in both MMR and BER.

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Zhou, Hongyu, Huang Liu, Guoping Qian, Huanan Yu, Xiangbing Gong, Xi Li, and Jianlong Zheng. "Geometrical Optimization and Transverse Thermoelectric Performances of Fe/Bi2Te2.7Se0.3 Artificially Tilted Multilayer Thermoelectric Devices." Micromachines 13, no. 2 (January 30, 2022): 233. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13020233.

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Transverse thermoelectric performance of the artificially tilted multilayer thermoelectric device (ATMTD) is very difficult to be optimized, due to the large degree freedom in device design. Herein, an ATMTD with Fe and Bi2Te2.7Se0.3 (BTS) materials was proposed and fabricated. Through high-throughput calculation of Fe/BTS ATMTD, a maximum of calculated transverse thermoelectric figure of merit of 0.15 was obtained at a thickness ratio of 0.49 and a tilted angle of 14°. For fabricated ATMTD, the whole Fe/BTS interface is closely connected with a slight interfacial reaction. The optimizing Fe/BTS ATMTD with 12 mm in length, 6 mm in width and 4 mm in height has a maximum output power of 3.87 mW under a temperature difference of 39.6 K. Moreover the related power density per heat-transfer area reaches 53.75 W·m−2. This work demonstrates the performance of Fe/BTS ATMTD, allowing a better understanding of the potential in micro-scaled devices.

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Lan, Yiheng, Ruikun Sun, Jian Ouyang, Wubing Ding, Min-Jun Kim, Jun Wu, Yuhua Li, and Tieliu Shi. "AtMAD: Arabidopsis thaliana multi-omics association database." Nucleic Acids Research 49, no. D1 (November 21, 2020): D1445—D1451. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkaa1042.

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Abstract Integration analysis of multi-omics data provides a comprehensive landscape for understanding biological systems and mechanisms. The abundance of high-quality multi-omics data (genomics, transcriptomics, methylomics and phenomics) for the model organism Arabidopsis thaliana enables scientists to study the genetic mechanism of many biological processes. However, no resource is available to provide comprehensive and systematic multi-omics associations for Arabidopsis. Here, we developed an Arabidopsis thaliana Multi-omics Association Database (AtMAD, http://www.megabionet.org/atmad), a public repository for large-scale measurements of associations between genome, transcriptome, methylome, pathway and phenotype in Arabidopsis, designed for facilitating identification of eQTL, emQTL, Pathway-mQTL, Phenotype-pathway, GWAS, TWAS and EWAS. Candidate variants/methylations/genes were identified in AtMAD for specific phenotypes or biological processes, many of them are supported by experimental evidence. Based on the multi-omics association strategy, we have identified 11 796 cis-eQTLs and 10 119 trans-eQTLs. Among them, 68 837 environment-eQTL associations and 149 622 GWAS-eQTL associations were identified and stored in AtMAD. For expression–methylation quantitative trait loci (emQTL), we identified 265 776 emQTLs and 122 344 pathway-mQTLs. For TWAS and EWAS, we obtained 62 754 significant phenotype-gene associations and 3 993 379 significant phenotype-methylation associations, respectively. Overall, the multi-omics associated network in AtMAD will provide new insights into exploring biological mechanisms of plants at multi-omics levels.

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Park, Kwan-Soon, and Seung-Yong Ok. "Coupling ATMD System for Seismic Response Control of Two Adjacent Buildings." Shock and Vibration 2019 (April 22, 2019): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/2060623.

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This study deals with optimal control of the coupling active tuned mass damper (ATMD) system for two neighboring structures under earthquake excitations. It also investigates the seismic performances of the proposed system including the issues on actuator failure problems. The conventional control approach is to use two ATMDs independently where each ATMD is individually installed at each structure without any connection between two structures. Since this uncoupling configuration does not allow transferring its control force to the other structure, it cannot adapt to emergency situation in which one of the two actuators becomes inoperable due to the power cuts or outages. On the other hand, the proposed control approach is to use a coupling ATMD system where two ATMDs with one mass being shared are installed to interconnect two structures. Hence, the proposed coupling ATMD system can transmit the control force of the remaining actuator to another structure through the interconnection configuration so that it can adapt to the one-side actuator failure. In a numerical example, the conventional independent and newly proposed coupling systems have been optimally designed to have similar control performance in normal operational conditions, and their performances have been compared to each other under the malfunction conditions of one-side actuator. Their comparative results verified the outstanding adaptive performance of the proposed coupling ATMD system over the independent ATMD system. The independent ATMD system showed considerably degraded control performance compared to its own normal control performance, whereas the proposed system exhibits much improved control performance over the independent ATMD system by fully utilizing the other normally operating actuators through the coupling configuration.

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Yamamoto, Kenta, Yunyue Wang, Wenxia Jiang, Xiangyu Liu, Richard L. Dubois, Chyuan-Sheng Lin, Thomas Ludwig, Christopher J. Bakkenist, and Shan Zha. "Kinase-dead ATM protein causes genomic instability and early embryonic lethality in mice." Journal of Cell Biology 198, no. 3 (August 6, 2012): 305–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201204098.

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Ataxia telangiectasia (A-T) mutated (ATM) kinase orchestrates deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage responses by phosphorylating numerous substrates implicated in DNA repair and cell cycle checkpoint activation. A-T patients and mouse models that express no ATM protein undergo normal embryonic development but exhibit pleiotropic DNA repair defects. In this paper, we report that mice carrying homozygous kinase-dead mutations in Atm (AtmKD/KD) died during early embryonic development. AtmKD/− cells exhibited proliferation defects and genomic instability, especially chromatid breaks, at levels higher than Atm−/− cells. Despite this increased genomic instability, AtmKD/− lymphocytes progressed through variable, diversity, and joining recombination and immunoglobulin class switch recombination, two events requiring nonhomologous end joining, at levels comparable to Atm−/− lymphocytes. Together, these results reveal an essential function of ATM during embryogenesis and an important function of catalytically inactive ATM protein in DNA repair.

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Lee, Cheng-Yu, Chi-Hsiang Liao, Nei-Mei Fang, and You-Zung Hsieh. "DNAzyme-Amplified Label-Free Biosensor for the Simple and Sensitive Detection of Pyrophosphatase." Biosensors 11, no. 11 (October 28, 2021): 422. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios11110422.

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The level of pyrophosphatase (PPase) expression has been suggested as a potential biomarker of various cancers, and its prognostic value has been evaluated in patients suffering from lung cancer, colorectal cancer, and hyperthyroidism. However, the detection of PPase usually needs specific materials that require complicated, time-consuming reactions with restricted linear range and sensitivity, limiting their application in early clinical diagnosis. Herein, we developed a DNAzyme-based biosensor for the detection of PPase. In the presence of PPase, pyrophosphate (PPi) and Cu2+ ions released from the PPi–Cu2+–PPi complex induce the cleavage of the DNAzyme and the corresponding substrate. An apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) site was elaborately designed within substrates that could encase the fluorophore 2-amino-5,6,7-trimethyl-1,8-naphthyridine (ATMND). The fluorescence of ATMND was initially quenched but restored when the DNAzyme/substrate complex was hydrolyzed with the release of ATMND. In this way, the PPase activity can be estimated by detecting the increased fluorescence of the released ATMND. Under optimized conditions, the activity of PPase could be analyzed at concentrations from 0.5 to 1000 mU, with the lowest detectable concentration being 0.5 mU. This work lays a foundation for developing a DNAzyme-amplified fluorescent biosensor with a high sensitivity, a wide linear range, and single-step operation for use as an easy diagnostic for PPase analysis.

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You, Ki-Pyo, Jang-Youl You, and Young-Moon Kim. "LQG Control of Along-Wind Response of a Tall Building with an ATMD." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/206786.

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Modern tall buildings use lighter construction materials that have high strength and less stiffness and are more flexible. Although this results in the improvement of structural safety, excessive wind-induced excitations could lead to occupant discomfort. The optimal control law of a linear quadratic Gaussian (LQG) controller with an active tuned mass damper (ATMD) is used for reducing the along-wind response of a tall building. ATMD consists of a second mass with optimum parameters for tuning frequency and damping ratio of the tuned mass damper (TMD), under the stationary random load, was used. A fluctuating along-wind load, acting on a tall building, was treated as a stationary Gaussian white noise and was simulated numerically, in the time domain, using the along-wind load spectra proposed by G. Solari in 1993. Using this simulated wind load, it was possible to calculate the along-wind responses of a tall building (with and without the ATMD), using an LQG controller. Comparing the RMS (root mean square) response revealed that the numerically simulated along-wind responses, without ATMD, are a good approximation to the closed form response, and that the reduced responses with ATMD and LQG controller were estimated by varying the values of control design parameters.

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Li, Yang, Yuan Ying Qiu, and Fu Jun Peng. "Active Vibration Control for the Flexible Spacecraft Structure Based on an ATMD/PPF Strategy." Applied Mechanics and Materials 105-107 (September 2011): 668–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.105-107.668.

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There are some problems in the control for a large flexible spacecraft on orbit such as the coupling, destabilization, and performance of the control system. To solve the problems, an active tuned mass damper (ATMD) is developed utilizing the piezoelectricity smart material, and an optimal output feedback control strategy is proposed based on the positive position feedback (PPF) method. The numerical simulations show that the developed ATMD/PPF method can suppress the flexible structural vibration induced by disturbances effectively. Using the method, the stability of the control system can be ensured and a good performance can be maintained even in case that the ATMD is in failure.

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Kayabekir, Aylin Ece, Gebrail Bekdaş, Sinan Melih Nigdeli, and Zong Woo Geem. "Optimum Design of PID Controlled Active Tuned Mass Damper via Modified Harmony Search." Applied Sciences 10, no. 8 (April 24, 2020): 2976. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10082976.

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In this study, the music-inspired Harmony Search (HS) algorithm is modified for the optimization of active tuned mass dampers (ATMDs). The modification of HS includes the consideration of the best solution with a defined probability and updating of algorithm parameters such as harmony memory, considering rate and pitch adjusting rate. The design variables include all the mechanical properties of ATMD, such as the mass, stiffness and damping coefficient, and the active controller parameters of the proposed proportional–integral–derivative (PID) type controllers. In the optimization process, the analysis of an ATMD implemented structure is done using the generated Matlab Simulink block diagram. The PID controllers were optimized for velocity feedback control, and the objective of the optimization is the minimization of the top story displacement by using the limitation of the stroke capacity of ATMD. The optimum results are presented for different cases of the stroke capacity limit of ATMD. According to the results, the method is effective in reducing the maximum displacement of the structure by 53.71%, while a passive TMD can only reduce it by 31.22%.

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Sadeghian, Mohammad Ali, Jian Yang, Feiliang Wang, and Xinger Wang. "Structural Vibration Control Using Novel Adaptive Tuned Mass Inertance Damper (ATMID) with Adjustable Inertance." Applied Sciences 12, no. 8 (April 15, 2022): 4028. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12084028.

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In this paper, an inerter-based device for structural vibration control is proposed with which inertance can be altered relying on the frequency changes of the excitation. In this manner, a tuned mass damper is developed in such a way that it is assembled with a ball-screw inerter along with a new continuously variable transmission system. The device is termed an adaptive tuned mass inertance damper (ATMID). The ATMID is able to produce an alterable inertance, which gives rise to seamless variability in device frequency; consequently, the device frequency can be tuned to that of the excitation. To assess the efficiency of the device, the response amplitude of a single-degree-of-freedom harmonically induced structure controlled by the ATMID is compared with those of the passive-controlled and uncontrolled structures. Results show that in the frequency band where the effectiveness of the passive device with a mass ratio of 0.2 is degraded and even destructed, the adaptive device with a mass ratio of 0.1 and diverse inertance behaves impressively. As a result, notable oscillation suppression is obtained using the proposed adaptive device compared with passive-controlled (56%) and uncontrolled cases (21%). The presented extensive variability in the frequency of the device utilizing its transmission ratio of 0.45–2.2 leads the device to a superior level of oscillatory motion reduction in structural responses along an enlarged frequency band.

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Azizi, Aydin. "A Case Study on Designing a Sliding Mode Controller to Stabilize the Stochastic Effect of Noise on Mechanical Structures: Residential Buildings Equipped with ATMD." Complexity 2020 (March 20, 2020): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/9321928.

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This study aims to stabilize the unwanted fluctuation of buildings as mechanical structures subjected to earth excitation as the noise. In this study, the ground motion is considered as a Wiener process, in which the governing stochastic differential equations have been presented in the form of Ito equation. To stabilize the vibration of the system, the ATMD system is considered and located on the upmost story of the building. A sliding mode controller has been utilized to control the ATMD system, which is a robust controller in the presence of uncertainty. For this purpose, the design of a sliding mode controller for the general dynamic system with Lipschitz nonlinearity and considering the Ito relations has been accomplished. The mentioned design has been implemented considering the presence of the Weiner process and existence of uncertainty in the structure and actuator. Then, the obtained general control law has been generalized to control the ATMD system. The results show that the designed controller is effective to reduce the effect of the unwanted impused vibrations on the building.

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Hadizadeh, F., F. Akhlaghi Amiri, and H. Shariatmadar. "Performance of Structure Equipped AP-TMD Compared with MTMD, ATMD, and PTMD against Earthquake Using Genetic Fuzzy Algorithm." Advances in Civil Engineering 2022 (August 29, 2022): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/6931212.

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During the past years, different control devices have been introduced and used to reduce the response of structures. This article presents the performance of active-passive tuned mass dampers (AP-TMDs) in the reduction of structural responses and a comparison between the uses of different controllers, including tuned mass damper (TMD), active tuned mass damper (ATMD), and multituned mass damper (MTMD). Analyzing and modeling the structure under four near- and far-field earthquakes are performed in MATLAB and SIMULINK. Finally, the responses of controlled and uncontrolled structures equipped with these controllers are investigated. Fuzzy and genetic-based fuzzy logic controllers are used to determine the control force of ATMD and AP-TMD, respectively. In order to compare the performance of the dampers, the mass ratio of TMDs is fixed in all cases and is taken to be 5%. Damping of the structure is considered equal to 5%. The frequency and damping ratio of TMDs with maximum and RMS displacement optimization criteria are obtained. The mass ratio of TMDs in controlled structures with MTMD and AP-TMD is calculated by numerical analysis. It can be inferred that using control force affects response reduction in both ATMD and AP-TMD controllers significantly. In addition, using AP-TMD can bring the merits of both passive and active systems by providing active control and reducing power requirements for control forces. All controllers are recommended for structural control although AP-TMD reduced maximum and RMS displacement by about 50% in the best case, which has better performance than others. On the other hand, ATMD decreased RMS acceleration by 37.5% on average in four earthquakes compared to the uncontrolled structure.

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NEKOMOTO, Yoshitugu, and Katsuhisa FUJITA. "Development of Adaptive Tuned Mass Damper ATMD." Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series C 71, no. 705 (2005): 1463–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaic.71.1463.

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ADHIKARI, RAJESH, and HIROKI YAMAGUCHI. "SLIDING MODE CONTROL OF BUILDINGS WITH ATMD." Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics 26, no. 4 (April 1997): 409–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1096-9845(199704)26:4<409::aid-eqe647>3.0.co;2-0.

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Liu, Chengwei, Atsushi Minami, Motoyoshi Noike, Hiroaki Toshima, Hideaki Oikawa, and Tohru Dairi. "Regiospecificities and Prenylation Mode Specificities of the Fungal Indole Diterpene Prenyltransferases AtmD and PaxD." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 79, no. 23 (September 13, 2013): 7298–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02496-13.

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ABSTRACTWe recently reported the function ofpaxD, which is involved in the paxilline (compound 1) biosynthetic gene cluster inPenicillium paxilli. Recombinant PaxD catalyzed a stepwise regular-type diprenylation at the 21 and 22 positions of compound 1 with dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP) as the prenyl donor. In this study,atmD, which is located in the aflatrem (compound 2) biosynthetic gene cluster inAspergillus flavusand encodes an enzyme with 32% amino acid identity to PaxD, was characterized using recombinant enzyme. When compound 1 and DMAPP were used as substrates, two major products and a trace of minor product were formed. The structures of the two major products were determined to be reversely monoprenylated compound 1 at either the 20 or 21 position. Because compound 2 and β-aflatrem (compound 3), both of which are compound 1-related compounds produced byA. flavus, have the same prenyl moiety at the 20 and 21 position, respectively, AtmD should catalyze the prenylation in compound 2 and 3 biosynthesis. More importantly and surprisingly, AtmD accepted paspaline (compound 4), which is an intermediate of compound 1 biosynthesis that has a structure similar to that of compound 1, and catalyzed a regular monoprenylation of compound 4 at either the 21 or 22 position, though the reverse prenylation was observed with compound 1. This suggests that fungal indole diterpene prenyltransferases have the potential to alter their position and regular/reverse specificities for prenylation and could be applicable for the synthesis of industrially useful compounds.

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Takahashi, Katsunori, Atsushi Teramoto, Yasutaka Murahashi, Shogo Nabeki, Kousuke Shiwaku, Tomoaki Kamiya, Kota Watanabe, and Toshihiko Yamashita. "Comparison of Treatment Methods for Syndesmotic Injuries With Posterior Tibiofibular Ligament Ruptures: A Cadaveric Biomechanical Study." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 10, no. 9 (September 1, 2022): 232596712211228. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23259671221122811.

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Background: Studies on ankle syndesmosis have focused on anterior inferior tibiofibular ligament (AITFL) and interosseous membrane injuries; however, the characteristics of posterior inferior tibiofibular ligament (PITFL) ruptures remain unclear. Purpose/Hypothesis: This study evaluated the biomechanical characteristics of syndesmotic instability caused by PITFL injury and compared various treatment methods. We hypothesized that PITFL injury would lead to syndesmotic internal rotational instability and that the stability would be restored with suture tape (ST) PITFL augmentation. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Ten uninjured fresh-frozen cadaveric leg specimens were tested via forces applied to the external and internal rotation of the ankle joint. The fibular rotational angle (FRA) related to the tibia, anterior tibiofibular diastasis (aTFD), and posterior tibiofibular diastasis (pTFD) were measured using a magnetic tracking system. Six models were created: (1) intact, (2) AITFL injury; (3) AITFL + PITFL injury; (4) suture button (SB) fixation; (5) SB + anterior ST (aST) fixation; and (6) SB + aST + posterior ST fixation. The FRA, aTFD, and pTFD were statistically compared between the intact ankle and each injury or fixation model. Results: In the intact state, the changes in FRA and aTFD were 1.09° and 0.33 mm when external rotation force was applied and were 0.57° and 0.41 mm when internal rotation force was applied. In the AITFL injury model, the changes in FRA and aTFD were 2.38° and 1.51 mm when external rotation force was applied, which were significantly greater versus intact ( P = .032 and .008, respectively). In the AITFL + PITFL injury model, the changes in FRA and pTFD were 2.12° and 1.02 mm when internal rotation force was applied, which were significantly greater versus intact ( P = .007 and .003, respectively). In the SB fixation model, the change in FRA was 2.98° when external rotation force was applied, which was significantly higher compared with intact ( P < .001). There were no significant differences between the SB + aST fixation model and the intact state on any measurement. Conclusion: PITFL injury significantly increased syndesmotic instability when internal rotation force was applied. SB + aST fixation was effective in restoring syndesmotic stability. Clinical Relevance: These results suggest that SB + aST fixation is sufficient for treating severe syndesmotic injury with PITFL rupture.

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Husain, Suha S., and Taghreed MohammadRidha. "Integral Sliding Mode Control for Seismic Effect Regulation on Buildings Using ATMD and MRD." Journal Européen des Systèmes Automatisés 55, no. 4 (August 31, 2022): 541–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/jesa.550414.

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Seismic effects control in recent years has attracted considerable attention to reduce their effects for the safety of humans and structures. Therefore, in this work Integral Sliding Mode Control Based on Barrier Function (ISMCbf) is applied for the first time to regulate the displacement of a three-story scaled structure against earthquake excitation. This new type of controller does not need any information of the upper bound of the disturbance. Firstly, the controller is applied to a semi active Magneto Rheological Damper (MRD) and compared to the performance of Active Tuned Mass Damper (ATMD) under the effect of two different simulated earthquakes: time scaled El Centro 1940 earthquake and Mexico City earthquake. ISMCbf with MRD reduced the displacement of the structure with lower required controlled force as compared to ATMD with ISMCbf behavior. Secondly, the efficiency of ISMCbf with MRD is shown when compared to other controllers with MRD from previous studies.

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Kayabekir, Ayli̇n Ece, Gebrail Bekdaş, and Si̇nan Melih Ni̇gdeli. "The Effect of Structural Rigidity Uncertainties on ATMD Controlled Structures." WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON SYSTEMS 21 (February 15, 2022): 32–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/23202.2022.21.3.

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For efficiency of active control systems for seismically excited structures, and optimization process in need. This optimum design is defined according to the certain properties of structures, whereas the structural properties are found via several assumptions done in material strengths calculations and variable loading. These factors affect the mass and stiffness of the structure, but it is known that the main factor in the optimum design of control systems is the frequency that is related to mass and stiffness, generally. In this study, the stiffness of multiple degrees of freedom structure was reduced and increased to investigate the effect of the robustness of optimum active control systems for uncertainties. The numerical examination is done for a structure with an active tuned mass damper (ATMD) that is positioned on the top of the structure. For ±20 stiffness change of structure, the efficiency of ATMD is between 0.99% and 12.63% for the reduction of maximum displacement.

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Shahi, Mohammad, Mohammad Reza Sohrabi, and Sadegh Etedali. "Seismic Control of High-Rise Buildings Equipped with ATMD Including Soil-Structure Interaction Effects." Journal of Earthquake and Tsunami 12, no. 03 (August 12, 2018): 1850010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793431118500100.

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The seismic behavior of the structures equipped with ATMD is often investigated based on the rigid base assumption without considering soil-structure interaction (SSI) effects. The SSI effects significantly modify the dynamic characteristics of the structures, while these changes may be ignored in the design process of the controllers. The present paper aims to address the issue of the SSI effects on the seismic behavior of the structures and performance of the adopted controllers. For this purpose, a mathematical model is developed for the time domain analysis of tall building equipped with ATMD including SSI effects. Considering the fixed base case and three types of ground states, namely soft, medium and dense soil, the numerical studies are carried out on a 40-story structure subjected to different earthquake excitations. Two well-known controllers, proportional-integral-derivative (PID) and linear-quadratic regulator (LQR) controllers, are employed for tuning control force of ATMD in different conditions of ground state. A particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is used for the optimum design of Tuned mass damper (TMD) parameter and the gain matrices of the controllers in both cases without and with SSI effects. It is found that TMDs are more effective for the higher soil stiffness and their efficiencies are degraded in soft soils. Furthermore, the SSI significantly affects on the optimum design of the PID and LQR controllers. The adopted controllers are significantly able to mitigate the peak top floor displacement of the tall building. In addition that the PID controller is a simple strategy with design variables much less than LQR controller, it performs better than the LQR controller in most earthquakes for different conditions of ground state. The performance of the controllers decreases with increasing soil softness, so that ignoring the SSI effects may result in incorrect and unrealistic results of the seismic behavior of the structures.

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Kim, Young Moon, Ki Pyo You, Jang Youl You, Sun Young Paek, and Byung Hee Nam. "LQG Control of Along-Wind Responses of Tall Building Using Composite Tuned Mass Dampers." Key Engineering Materials 723 (December 2016): 753–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.723.753.

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A composite tuned mass damper(CTMD) is a vibration control device consisting of an active-passive tuned mass dampers supported on the primary vibrating structure. The performance of CTMD in mitigating wind-induced vibration of tall building is investigated. Optimum parameters of a passive tuned mass damper(PTMD)for minimizing the variance response of the damped primary structure under random loads, with different mass ratio of an active tuned mass damper(ATMD) to a PTMD have been used for the optimum parameters of CTMD. The active control force generated by ATMD actuator was estimated by using linear quadratic Gaussian(LQG) controller, and the fluctuating along-wind load, treated as a stationary random process ,was simulated numerically using the along-wind load spectrum proposed by Solari .Comparing the along-wind rms response of tall building without a CTMD, the CTMD is effective in reducing the response to 40%~45% of the response without the CTMD. Therefore, the CTMD system was effective in reducing wind-induced vibration of tall building.

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Fitzgerald, Breiffni, and Biswajit Basu. "Active Tuned Mass Damper Control of Wind Turbine Nacelle/Tower Vibrations with Damaged Foundations." Key Engineering Materials 569-570 (July 2013): 660–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.569-570.660.

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The aim of this paper is to develop an active structural control scheme to control wind turbine nacelle/tower out-of-plane vibration. An active tuned mass damper (ATMD) is designed an placed inside the turbine nacelle. An EulerLagrangian wind turbine model based on energy formulation is developed for this purpose, which considers the structural dynamics of the system and the interaction between in-plane and out-of-plane vibrations. Also, the interaction between the blades and the tower including the ATMD is considered. The wind turbine is subjected to gravity and turbulent aerodynamic loadings. A three-dimensional (3D) model of a wind turbine foundation is designed and analysed in the finite element geotechnical code PLAXIS. The rotation of the foundation is measured and used to calculate a rotational spring constant for use in wind turbine models to describe the soil-structure interaction (SSI) between the wind turbine foundation and the underlying soil medium. Damage is induced in the soil medium by a loss in foundation stiffness. The active control scheme is shown to reduce nacelle/tower vibration when damage occurs.

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Sareban, M. "Evaluation of Three Common Algorithms for Structure Active Control." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 7, no. 3 (June 12, 2017): 1638–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.1150.

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Recently active structure controllers were considered to deal with the impact of earthquake forces and the result of the investigations provided multiple algorithms to calculate force control and many different ways to apply these forces on the structure. In this study, the efficiency and effectiveness of three methods (linear quadratic regulator, fuzzy logic and pole assigning) are investigated. In addition, three buildings with different height classes with an active tuned mass damper (ATMD) on the top floor are considered to compare the active control methods. Examples with known mass and stiffness and with variable mass are considered. The results show that all three control methods used for the ATMD device reduce the structural response. The fuzzy control method, caused a sharp decline in relative displacement of building floors up to 80%. But in LQR and pole allocation procedures the applied force is limited. The best performance of fuzzy control is for high-rise buildings. The three different methods of control are stable in different masses and even under a random change of floor masses, their effectiveness can be trusted.

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MOHTAT, ARASH, AGHIL YOUSEFI-KOMA, and EHSAN DEHGHAN-NIRI. "ACTIVE VIBRATION CONTROL OF SEISMICALLY EXCITED STRUCTURES BY ATMDS: STABILITY AND PERFORMANCE ROBUSTNESS PERSPECTIVE." International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics 10, no. 03 (September 2010): 501–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219455410003592.

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This paper demonstrates the trade-off between nominal performance and robustness in intelligent and conventional structural vibration control schemes; and, proposes a systematic treatment of stability robustness and performance robustness against uncertainty due to structural damage. The adopted control strategies include an intelligent genetic fuzzy logic controller (GFLC) and reduced-order observer-based (ROOB) controllers based on pole-placement and linear quadratic regulator (LQR) conventional schemes. These control strategies are applied to a seismically excited truss bridge structure through an active tuned mass damper (ATMD). Response of the bridge-ATMD control system to earthquake excitation records under nominal and uncertain conditions is analyzed via simulation tests. Based on these results, advantages of exploiting heuristic intelligence in seismic vibration control, as well as some complexities arising in realistic conventional control are highlighted. It has been shown that the coupled effect of spill-over (due to reduction and observation) and mismatch between the mathematical model and the actual plant (due to uncertainty and modeling errors) can destabilize the conventional closed-loop system even if each is alone tolerated. Accordingly, the GFLC proves itself to be the dominant design in terms of the compromise between performance and robustness.

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Husain, Suha S., and Taghreed MohammadRidha. "Integral Sliding Mode Controlled ATMD for Buildings under Seismic Effect." International Journal of Safety and Security Engineering 12, no. 4 (August 31, 2022): 413–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ijsse.120401.

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Yan, N., C. M. Wang, and T. Balendra. "Optimal Damper Characteristics of ATMD for Buildings under Wind Loads." Journal of Structural Engineering 125, no. 12 (December 1999): 1376–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9445(1999)125:12(1376).

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KURODA, Mitsuo, Souichi KAWAMURA, Ichirou NARITA, Keiji OGURA, Shouji TANAKA, and Akihiko YAJIMA. "SEISMIC ISOLATION RETROFIT ATMID-STORY AND BASE : Planning and outline of works." AIJ Journal of Technology and Design 3, no. 5 (1997): 18–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3130/aijt.3.18.

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Jiang, Kui, Zhongyuan Wang, Peng Yi, Guangcheng Wang, Ke Gu, and Junjun Jiang. "ATMFN: Adaptive-Threshold-Based Multi-Model Fusion Network for Compressed Face Hallucination." IEEE Transactions on Multimedia 22, no. 10 (October 2020): 2734–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmm.2019.2960586.

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Wen, Yong-Kui, and Li-Min Sun. "Distributed ATMD for Buffeting Control of Cable-Stayed Bridges Under Construction." International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics 15, no. 03 (March 8, 2015): 1450054. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219455414500540.

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This paper is concerned with mitigating multimode buffeting of cable-stayed bridges by optimizing the placements of active tuned mass dampers (ATMDs) and sensors and developing a control model and schemes. The Third Nanjing Bridge over the Yangtze River was used to formulate a mathematical control model with distributed ATMDs under wind action. Hankel norms were combined with structural mode analysis to build placement indices of the ATMDs and sensors under a defined objective while considering the influence of exterior excitation. A selection index of modes was proposed. ATMD/sensor placement on the Third Nanjing Bridge and mode selection were simulated to determine the wind response control. A control design model with accurate mode selection was developed using modal superposition and it was used to investigate control schemes of distributed ATMDs for buffeting response control of the cable-stayed bridge. The results showed that the dynamic characteristics of the developed control design model agreed well with those of the original system model. Control scheme selection depends on the tradeoff between the control objective and actuator performance. Considering realistic engineering constraints, the distributed ATMDs are shown to perform well.

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Ankireddi, Seshasayee, and Henry T. Y. Yang. "Simple ATMD Control Methodology for Tall Buildings Subject to Wind Loads." Journal of Structural Engineering 122, no. 1 (January 1996): 83–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9445(1996)122:1(83).

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LI, CHUNXIANG, BINGKANG HAN, JINGYI ZHANG, YAN QU, and JINHUA LI. "ACTIVE MULTIPLE TUNED MASS DAMPERS FOR REDUCTION OF UNDESIRABLE OSCILLATIONS OF STRUCTURES UNDER WIND LOADS." International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics 09, no. 01 (March 2009): 127–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219455409002928.

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Active multiple tuned mass dampers (AMTMDs) consisting of several active tuned mass dampers (ATMDs) with uniform distribution of natural frequencies have been proposed for vibration mitigation of structures under wind loads. In this regard, the optimum parameter criterion is defined as the minimization of the root-mean-square (RMS) displacement and acceleration responses of the structure with the AMTMD. Meanwhile, the effectiveness criterion is defined as the ratio of the minimum RMS displacement and RMS acceleration of the structure with the AMTMD to those without the devices, respectively referred to as the displacement and acceleration reduction factors (DRF and ARF). With these two criteria, the influences of the selective parameters on the effectiveness and robustness of the devices for vibration control under wind loads are studied. In addition, the stroke of the AMTMD is examined by quantitatively assessing the RMS displacement of each ATMD. Results indicate that in comparison with a single ATMD, the AMTMD can cause more reduction in the displacement and acceleration responses of the structure under wind loads. The stroke of the AMTMD is greater based on the ARF than the DRF criterion. In particular, the simulation results in the time domain confirm that by resorting to the AMTMD, a large control force can indeed be decentralized into many smaller control forces without losing the level of response reduction.

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Jian, Xu, Zhang Tong-yi, Huang Wei, Hu Ming-yi, Qin Jing-wei, and Zu Xiao-chen. "Active control for machinery equipment induced structural vibration using H∞ criterion and PSO technique." Engineering review 39, no. 1 (2019): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.30765/er.39.1.3.

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In this paper, machinery equipment induced structural vibration was investigated and a composite system for structure and equipment was proposed. Tuned mass damper (TMD) and active tuned mass damper (ATMD) were respectively performed for vibration control, in addition, particle swarm optimization (PSO) was utilized for pursuing an optimal active control. Numerical results confirmed that the presented active control strategy could achieve a better vibration suppression compared to TMD control. The PSO based active control also gave inspiration for improving the traditional vibration control.

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Jaballah, M. S., S. Harzallah, and B. Nail. "A Comparative Study on Hybrid Vibration Control of Base-isolated Buildings Equipped with ATMD." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 12, no. 3 (June 6, 2022): 8652–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.4958.

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The vibration control for building structures using hybrid control (base isolators BI and Active Tuned Mass Dampers-ATMDs) has attracted the attention of researchers. This paper establishes a hybrid vibration control system of structure and compares structural response and active tuned mass damper performance among the structure using two different control algorithms (PID and LQR). Through simulation research, from the comparative analysis of performance indexes of structural response and ATMD performance, it is concluded that the LQR controller outperforms the PID controller in reducing the structural responses.

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Ncongwane, Katlego P., Joel O. Botai, Venkataraman Sivakumar, Christina M. Botai, and Abiodun M. Adeola. "Characteristics and Long-Term Trends of Heat Stress for South Africa." Sustainability 13, no. 23 (November 30, 2021): 13249. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132313249.

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Increasing air temperature coupled with high humidity due to ongoing climate change across most parts of South Africa is likely to induce and intensify heat exposure, particularly in densely populated areas. The adverse health implications, including heatstroke, are expected to be common and more severe during extreme heat and heat wave events. The present study was carried out to examine heat stress conditions and long-term trends in South Africa. The study aimed to identify geographical locations exposed to elevated heat stress based on over two decades of hourly ground-based data. Selected heat stress indicators were calculated based on Steadman’s apparent temperature (AT in °C). The trends in AT were assessed based on the non-parametric Mann–Kendall (MK) trend test at 5% significance level. Positive trends were detected in 88% of the selected weather stations except in Welkom-FS, Ficksburg-FS, Langebaanweg-WC, Lambertsbaai Nortier-WC, Skukuza-MP, and Thabazimbi-LP. Approximately 47% of the detected positive trends are statistically significant at 5% significant level. Overall, high climatological annual median (ATmed) values (>32 °C) were observed at 42 stations, most of which are in low altitude regions, predominately along the coastlines. The hottest towns with ATmed values in the danger category (i.e., 39–50 °C) were found to be Patensie-EC (41 °C), Pietermaritzburg-KZN (39 °C), Pongola-KZN (39 °C), Knysna-WC (39 °C), Hoedspruit-LP (39 °C), Skukuza-MP (45 °C), and Komatidraai-MP (44 °C). The results provide insight into heat stress characteristics and pinpoint geographical locations vulnerable to heat stress conditions at the community level in South Africa. Such information can be useful in monitoring hotspots of heat stress and contribute to the development of local heat–health adaptation plans.

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Concha, Antonio, Suresh Thenozhi, Ramón J. Betancourt, and S. K. Gadi. "A tuning algorithm for a sliding mode controller of buildings with ATMD." Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing 154 (June 2021): 107539. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ymssp.2020.107539.

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Sabetahd, Rasoul, Seyed Arash Mousavi Ghasemi, Ramin Vafaei Poursorkhabi, Ardashir Mohammadzadeh, and Yousef Zandi. "Response Attenuation of a Structure Equipped with ATMD under Seismic Excitations Using Methods of Online Simple Adaptive Controller and Online Adaptive Type-2 Neural-Fuzzy Controller." Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2022 (July 1, 2022): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5832043.

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The present study aims to design a robust adaptive controller employed in the active tuned mass damper (ATMD) system to overcome undesirable vibrations in multistory buildings under seismic excitations. We propose a novel adaptive type-2 neural-fuzzy controller (AT2NF). All system parameters are taken as unknowns. The MLP neural network is used to extract the Jacobian and estimate the structural model; then, the estimated model is applied to the controller online. To tune the control force applied to the ATMD and achieve the control targets, the controller parameters are adaptively trained using the extended Kalman Filter (EKF) and the error back-propagation algorithm. A PID controller is also included in this method to increase the stability and robustness of the adaptive type-2 neural-fuzzy controller against seismic vibrations. An online simple adaptive controller (OSAC) is studied to demonstrate the suggested controller’s superiority. The OSAC is based on adaptive control of the implicit reference model. In this proposed method, the EKF is used to tune the controller parameters online as a novel feature. The uncertainty associated with identifying the mechanical properties of structures, such as mass and stiffness, is one of the primary challenges in the real-time control of structures. This paper investigates how both controllers cope with parametric uncertainties under far-field and near-field seismic excitation. According to numerical results, the AT2NF controller outperforms OSAC in minimizing the dynamic responses of the structure during an earthquake and accomplishing control objectives when the structure’s characteristics change.

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Guclu, Rahmi, and Hakan Yazici. "Vibration control of a structure with ATMD against earthquake using fuzzy logic controllers." Journal of Sound and Vibration 318, no. 1-2 (November 2008): 36–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2008.03.058.

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38

Benita, A. J. "Plasmas Computed with ATMED CR of the 4th Non Local Thermodynamic Equilibrium Code Comparison Workshop Database." Physical Science International Journal 20, no. 1 (November 22, 2018): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/psij/2018/44683.

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Lu, Xilin, Peizhen Li, Xianqun Guo, Weixing Shi, and Jie Liu. "Vibration control using ATMD and site measurements on the Shanghai World Financial Center Tower." Structural Design of Tall and Special Buildings 23, no. 2 (June 7, 2012): 105–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/tal.1027.

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40

Heidari, Amir Hossein, Sadegh Etedali, and Mohamad Reza Javaheri-Tafti. "A hybrid LQR-PID control design for seismic control of buildings equipped with ATMD." Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 12, no. 1 (April 6, 2017): 44–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11709-016-0382-6.

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Guclu, Rahmi, and Hakan Yazici. "Self-tuning fuzzy logic control of a non-linear structural system with ATMD against earthquake." Nonlinear Dynamics 56, no. 3 (August 7, 2008): 199–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11071-008-9392-9.

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Shariatmadar, Hashem, and Hessamoddin Meshkat Razavi. "Seismic control response of structures using an ATMD with fuzzy logic controller and PSO method." Structural Engineering and Mechanics 51, no. 4 (August 25, 2014): 547–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/sem.2014.51.4.547.

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Guclu, Rahmi, and Hakan Yazici. "Seismic-vibration mitigation of a nonlinear structural system with an ATMD through a fuzzy PID controller." Nonlinear Dynamics 58, no. 3 (April 4, 2009): 553–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11071-009-9500-5.

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Danesh, Noor Mohammad, Rezvan Yazdian-Robati, Mohammad Ramezani, Mona Alibolandi, Khalil Abnous, and Seyed Mohammad Taghdisi. "A label-free aptasensor for carcinoembryonic antigen detection using three-way junction structure and ATMND as a fluorescent probe." Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 256 (March 2018): 408–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2017.10.126.

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ÜMÜTLÜ, Rafet Can, Hasan ÖZTÜRK, and Barış BIDIKLI. "An Adaptive Controller Design for ATMD System Used in Structures Under the Effect of Unknown Nonlinear Effects." Deu Muhendislik Fakultesi Fen ve Muhendislik 24, no. 71 (May 16, 2022): 571–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.21205/deufmd.2022247121.

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Labidi, Lilia. "The Nature of Transnational Alliances in Women's Associations in the Maghreb: The Case of AFTURD and ATFD." Journal of Middle East Women's Studies 3, no. 1 (2007): 6–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jmw.2007.0005.

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Al-Kaissy, Galib A. "A comparission study of locally probiotic with imported probiotic in microbial balance of broiler gastro-intestinal tract." Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Medicine 29, no. 2 (December 31, 2005): 40–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.30539/iraqijvm.v29i2.852.

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This study aimed the effect of adding 0.5 and 1 kg of imported probiotic/ton feed (T1 and T2) compared with the a percentages of 1.5, 3 kg locallyprobiotic / ton (T3 and T4) when as T5 used feed free of probiotic .500 dayoldchicks were distributed into five treatments and subdivided into two replicates(50 chicks per replicate) to study the effect of adding the two probiotics in themicrobial balance of broiler gasto-intestinal tract .The results obtained revealedthe following:-Adding percentages of locally or imported probiotic (T1, T2, T3 andT4)decreased significantly (P<0.01) log no.of Coliform count and fungi count atmid point of intestine (Jejunum), crop and cecum of broiler, at the same timeAdding the two probiotics increased significantly (P<0.01) log no.ofLactobacilli count compared with control group (T5) .Whenas significantdifferences in the log no. of total bacterial count at mid point of intestine andcrop. Also no significant differences between locally or imported probiotic werenoticed in the studied microbial counts or to the adding percentages. Conclosionis the importance of adding probiotics to the feed for optimum microbial balanceto increase resistance of broiler to pathogenic bacteria.

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Wang, Jiamian, Jie Song, Xiuyun Wang, Shuo Wu, Yanqiu Zhao, Pinchen Luo, and Changgong Meng. "An ATMND/SGI based label-free and fluorescence ratiometric aptasensor for rapid and highly sensitive detection of cocaine in biofluids." Talanta 161 (December 2016): 437–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2016.08.039.

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Takahashi, Katsunori, Atsushi Teramoto, Yasutaka Murahashi, Kosuke Shiwaku, Shogo Nabeki, Tomoaki Kamiya, Kota Watanabe, and Toshihiko Yamashita. "Biomechanical Study of Syndesmotic Stability in AITFL and PITFL Injury Models." Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics 7, no. 4 (October 2022): 2473011421S0096. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2473011421s00965.

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Category: Basic Sciences/Biologics; Trauma Introduction/Purpose: Severe ankle syndesmotic injuries can cause not only anterior inferior tibiofibular ligament (AITFL) injury but also posterior inferior tibiofibular ligament (PITFL) injury. However, the biomechanical stability and the best surgical treatment method for PITFL injuries are unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the stability of AITFL and PITFL injury models and the treatment models with suture-button (SB) fixation, AITFL augmentation with suture-tape (aST), and PITFL augmentation with suture-tape (pST). We hypothesized that PITFL injury causes posterior instability of syndesmosis and that this can be stabilized with pST fixation Methods: This study was approved by our institution's ethics review board. Ten normal fresh-frozen cadaver legs (4 males and 6 females) that were donated to our university's department of anatomy were used. The specimens were tested with the application of traction and rotational forces for dorsiflexion and external and internal rotation of the ankle joint. The fibular rotational angle related to the tibia (FRA), anterior tibiofibular diastasis (aTFD), and posterior tibiofibular diastasis (pTFD) were measured using the magnetic tracking system. Intact, injured (AITFL, PITFL and IOM resection), SB fixation, SB + aST fixation, and SB + aST + pST fixation models were made and loaded with forces. One-way ANOVA was used to evaluate the relationship between the models. Post-hoc analysis of the differences between the models was performed using Dunnett's test. A p value of 0.05 was chosen as the level of significance. Results: In the injured model, both FRA and TFD were significantly increased compared with those of the intact model in all directions. In the SB fixation model, only FRA with an external rotation force was significantly increased compared with that of the intact model. In the SB+aST model, both FRA and aTFD were not significantly different from those in the intact model. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that there was external and internal rotational instability in the AITFL and PITFL injury models, while there was stability in the SB + aST model. SB fixation alone did not reduce FRA with an external rotation force and there was no significantly different FRA with an internal rotation force. With SB fixation alone, anterior instability was found to be greater than posterior stability, while aST fixation was associated with anterior stability. In this study, the change in syndesmosis stability after pST fixation was found to be restrictive.

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Djedoui, Nassim, Abdelhafid Ounis, and Mahdi Abdeddaim. "Active Vibration Control for Base-Isolated Structures Using a PID Controller against Earthquakes." International Journal of Engineering Research in Africa 26 (October 2016): 99–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jera.26.99.

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In this paper, a closed loop control approach for controlling the vibration of buildings under earthquake excitations is introduced. An active hybrid control combining base isolation and active tuned mass damper (AMD) installed on the lowest floor of a base-isolated frame building is investigated. The Active control force is controlled by the mean of a proportional–integral–derivative (PID) controller, incorporated with a negative feedback error closed loop. The difference between the base displacement and equilibrium position of the structure is used to evaluate the error and feed the PID controller. A simulation is carried out on a six degrees of freedom base-isolated frame structure using MATLAB. The performances of the proposed active hybrid control system are tested under El Centro, Northridge, and Loma Pietra earthquakes.Compared results with base-isolated structure and base-isolated structure equipped with a passive and active tuned mass damper (TMD)/ (ATMD) showed that the active hybrid control system is more efficient. A reduction of 70% in base displacement, velocity and 15% in base acceleration is obtained.

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Journal articles on the topic 'ATMFD'

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