Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Atlantique tropical de l'Ouest'
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Rouyer-Denimal, Louis. "Compréhension des interactions entre l'hydroclimat du Nord-Est du Brésil et l'Atlantique tropical de l'Ouest au cours des derniers 300 000 ans par une approche multi-traceurs organiques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUS468.
Full textThe Earth is a complex system with many interactions and is also home to countless species. Consequently, extensive research has enhanced our comprehension of the Earth's climate over the past few decades. Nonetheless, numerous areas remain unexplored. The North-East (NE) region of Brazil and the western tropical Atlantic have received limited attention so far. The distinctive hydroclimate of northeastern Brazil and the contribution of the tropical western Atlantic to interhemispheric heat transfer make these regions climatologically important. Lipid biomarkers are among the frequently utilized proxys for palaeoenvironmental reconstructions, and they provide valuable insights. Numerous environmental factors, including ocean temperature, vegetation composition, and hydroclimate conditions, can be deduced from the abundance, distribution, and isotopic composition of these compounds. The objective of this thesis project is to reconstruct previous hydroclimatic fluctuations in the extreme northeastern area of Brazil, associated with surface circulation in the western tropical Atlantic. This task will be achieved through the characterisation of organic material obtained from a marine sediment core sampled from the Brazilian margin spanning the last 305, 000 years. The characterization of organic matter (OM) at both total and molecular level was employed to identify the sources of OM and, specifically, the composition of the modern vegetation within the study area. Moreover, the reconstruction of surface and subsurface ocean temperatures respectively from the distribution of long-chain alkenones and isoprenoid glycerol alkyl tetraethers highlighted significant subsurface warmings over the last three deglaciations. The cause of the warming of the tropical western Atlantic during these periods is suggested to be the combined effect of reduced ocean circulation and increased intensity of the Agulhas Leakage. Finally, the study has found a close relationship between hydroclimatic changes and past variations in vegetation cover in northeastern Brazil, as inferred from long-chain n-alkanes properties. This relationship is largely influenced by the upper ocean temperature of the tropical Atlantic and the intensity of South-East trade winds. The present study allowed us to better understand the role of the tropical Atlantic as a heat reservoir during deglaciations and to better constrain the influences controlling past hydroclimatic variations in northeastern Brazil
Leduc-Leballeur, Marion. "Influence océanique du golfe de Guinée sur la mousson en Afrique de l'Ouest." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00728272.
Full textDiakhate, Moussa. "Couplage océan-atmosphère en Atlantique tropical." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066150/document.
Full textThe main goal of this thesis is to explore the influence of sea surface temperature (SST), on surface wind at seasonal and intraseasonal timescales. At seasonal timescales, momentum and convergence budget were first documented by using a simple atmospheric mixed layer model, and two reanalyses. This approach allows us to identify the main processes that control the surface wind dynamics, in order to explore their sensitivity to the SST. Results show that these processes vary strongly in different regions of the tropical Atlantic. In addition, the comparison of the representation of theses processes in observations and reanalyses show that, as in all climate models (coupled or not), the reanalyses have the same flaws. Eventually, this work proposes a method to better assess the capacity of an atmospheric model to answer the SST fluctuations, and investigate potential wrong atmospheric parameterizations, such as boundary layers. The second part of this study focuses on tropical Atlantic regions of strong SST gradients, where SST intraseasonal variability is the largest. Several technics of spectrum and statistical analysis were performed in order to investigate the atmospheric patterns associated to these fluctuations of oceanic fronts. Except in the equatorial region (where we found a clear coupling already described in previous studies), no clear hint of a surface wind response to the SST fluctuations was observed in the two coastal upwelling fronts. In addition, the oceanic patterns associated to the SST indexes were also investigated. In all three upwelling fronts, as expected for such upwelling regimes, the vertical oceanic mixing clearly dominates the mixed-layer heat budget. In the equatorial band, as found in previous studies, the horizontal advection is equally important, while it appears surprisingly weak in the coastal fronts. Eventually, potential signals of equatorial and coastal Kelvin waves were also followed to these coastal fronts
Quilliec, Bénédicte. "L'épée atlantique : échanges et prestige au Bronze final." Paris 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA010629.
Full textTounsi, Khoudhir. "Le cycle du carbone dans l'Océan atlantique tropical." Toulouse 3, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990TOU30233.
Full textFévrier, Sabine. "Modele a deux couches de l'ocean atlantique tropical." Paris 6, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA066091.
Full textDieppois, Bastien. "Etude par analyses spectrales de l'instabilité spatio-temporelle des téléconnexions basse-fréquences entre les fluctuations globales du secteur Atlantique et les climats de l'Europe du NW (1700-2010) et du Sahel ouest-africain (1900-2010)." Phd thesis, Université de Rouen, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00843683.
Full textRiot, Laurent. "Constitution et traitement d'une population : les jeunes en difficulté d'insertion : l'exemple de deux bassins d'emploi de l'ouest (1975-2000)." Paris 8, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA082267.
Full textThis thesis is about the formation of the social problem of young people in difficulty in France. It concerns the daily functionning of institutions wich have progressively define this population in the early 1980's : the " Missions locales " (local missions). The fieldwork of this study concerns the urban area of Nantes and the rural area of Châteaubriant, in west of France. The thesis studies the requirements's effects of the daily functionning of these institutions. The study shows the political, professionnal and social dimensions of the local definition and treatment of this population
Braconnot, Pascale. "Validation objective de modeles d'ocean tropical a l'aide des donnees focal sequal." Paris 6, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA066068.
Full textSennechael, Nathalie. "Optimisation d'un modele de l'ocean atlantique tropical par methode inverse adaptative." Paris 6, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA066259.
Full textTabeaud, Martine. "L'Atlantique tropical austral : l'eau atmosphérique et le climat en milieu océanique." Paris 4, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA040015.
Full textBetween 1961 and 1980 the water cycle above the southern tropical Atlantic is studied. This cycle begins with the evaporation at the ocean-atmosphere interface (springs) and ends with the condensation in the clouds (wells). The atmosphere dynamic provides the coherence between springs and wells, through internal and external advections. During a normal period (1961-1970), the seasons follow a typical pattern; in particular the austral winter. The St-Helen anticyclone, transoceanic, evaporates to a maximum. The trade winds, sweeping over the surface of the ocean, cool it. The outflow of water takes place on the continental borders. During a dry period (1971-1980), the anticyclone shrinks (the evaporation lessens as the trade winds slow down), the surface of the water is warmer and this increases the convection at the open sea. The water cycle grows shorter and the system does not outflow any longer toward Brazil or west Africa
Tanguy, Yves. "Variabilité de la dynamique et la thermodynamique en Atlantique tropical : Projet ARAMIS." Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066682.
Full textBourlès, B. "DESCRIPTION DE LA CIRCULATION OCEANIQUE ET DE SA VARIABILITE DANS L'OCEAN ATLANTIQUE TROPICAL." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01009613.
Full textArnault, Joel. "Evolution cyclogénétique des perturbations convectives de l'Afrique de l'Ouest et de l'Atlantique tropical." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00424219.
Full textArnault, Joël. "Evolution cyclogénétique des perturbations convectives de l'Afrique de l'Ouest et de l'Atlantique tropical." Toulouse 3, 2009. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/651/.
Full textThe formation of Cape Verde Cyclones is the result of an interaction between several processes: mid-level African easterly wave's troughs and ridges, low-level monsoon flow and trade winds off the West African coast, convective developements, mid-level Saharan anticyclone, low level Saharan heat low, mid-and upper level troughs of mid-latitude origin. These processes are investigated in a climatologic study of five season of European Center for Medium-range Weather Forcast analyses and Meteosat images. This is complemented with two case studies modelled with Méso-NH: the perturbation which spawn Hurricane Helene (2006) and the so-called "Perturbation D", a non-developing case observed during AMMA / SOP-3 in Dakar in September 2006. The simulated evolutions are quantified with energy and vorticity budgets. The main result of this thesis is that geostrophic adjustment of wind field to a pressure perturbation of convective origin in the Cape Verde Islands area occurs only if there is a production of eddy kinetic energy through barotropic conversion and a horizontal advection of cyclonic vorticity. This confirms the well-known hypothesis that tropical cyclogenesis is the result of an interaction between convective systems and a favourable environement
Doos, K. S. G. "Etude numerique de la variabilite saisonniere de 1982 a 1984 dans l'ocean atlantique tropical." Paris 6, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA066154.
Full textMoussa, Hadjer. "Traitement automatique de données océanographiques pour l'interpolation de la ∫CO₂ de surface dans l'océan Atlantique tropical, en utilisant les données satellitaires." Thesis, Perpignan, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PERP0025/document.
Full textThis thesis work consists of using satellite data of SST (sea surface temperature), SSS (sea surface salinity), and Chl-a (chlorophyll-a), in order to interpolate the CO2 fugacity (fCO2) in the surface of the tropical Atlantic ocean, for seasons of the period 2002-2013. Three data types were used: in situ (SOCAT V.3 DB (database)); satellite (MODIS-A, Sea-WIFS, and SMOS sensors); and assimilated (SODA V.2.2.4 DB). The first step was the data classification based on SST. The second step was the fCO2 interpolation (for each class of each season), using feedforward NNs (artificial neural networks) with a backpropagation learning method. Obtained results (RMSEs (root mean square error) between 8,8 and 15,7 µatm) confirm the importance of: process each season separately, pass through data classification step, and choose the best NN on the basis of generalization step results. This allowed the development of 138 monthly fCO2 CSV (Comma-separated values) file, with 4 km x 4 km spatial resolution, for the period from July 2002 to December 2013
Dufil, Pascale. "Les residences secondaires des nantais dans trois departements de l'ouest de la france : loire-atlantique, vendee et morbihan." Nantes, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986NANT3003.
Full textAround a town all a fasces of relations between townmens and rural world are created. That which second homes allow to measure the attraction area of nantes's town. It don't very much project beyond the departmental's boundary of loire-atlantique in the inside and advance discreetly on the littoral of vendee and morbihan. The presence of a long bathing-front near the town and a countryside with multifarious assets and gained by rural exodus, delimit privileged zones of second homes "colonized" by more than 15000 residents of nantes. Their second homes are essentially concentrated on the coast of loire-atlantique (region of pornic and la baule's bay), true "fiefs" as well as round the agglomeration where in a radius of 40 kilometres, their influence is almost only. Therefore the second home is considered as a proximity leasure and if the occupation don't exceed three months a year, the week-end's stay is almost as important as the estival's frequentation. The correlation of multiples characteristics (geographic environment, type of habitation, mode of acquisition, specific opinions, social class, origins and age of the occupant. . . ) place in a prominent position the extreme variety of the nantes's residents and their second home. Their schematic profile can take form with some principal lines : - owner : middle-age re- latively high (57), pensioner, superior or middle "high-grade em- ployee", often native of the study region. . . - second home : se- parate construction, accession by purchase, from bungalow to manor-house. .
Dufil, Pascale. "Les Résidences secondaires des nantais dans trois départements de l'Ouest de la France, Loire-Atlantique, Vendée et Morbihan." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb375973237.
Full textVauclair, Fabrice. "Variabilité interannuelle des bilans de masse et de chaleur des couches superficielles (0-500m) de l'Océan atlantique tropical." Toulouse 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOU30157.
Full textBourles, Bernard. "Assimilation de donnees de hauteur dynamique dans un modele lineaire applique a l'ocean atlantique tropical." Paris 6, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA066053.
Full textCosson, Nathalie. "Structure et diversité des peuplements benthiques profonds en réponse à des situations trophiques contrastées dans l'océan Atlantique nord-est tropical et tempéré." Brest, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BRES2045.
Full textParard, Gaëlle. "Etude de la variabilité de la fugacité du CO2 dans l'Atlantique tropical : de l'échelle diurne à saisonnière." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00673734.
Full textDa-Allada, Casimir. "La salinité de la couche de surface océanique dans l'océan Atlantique tropical : variabilités saisonnière à interannuelle." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00925720.
Full textDa-Allada, Casimir Yélognissè. "La salinité de la couche de surface océanique dans l'océan atlantique tropical : variabilités saisonnière à interannuelle." Toulouse 3, 2013. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2150/.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to study the variability of the ocean sea surface salinity (SSS) in the tropical Atlantic Ocean, at seasonal and interannual time scales. To achieve this, we used in-situ and satellite data as well as results of ocean models. We have shown that the density and the quality of the available observations allows us to approach the salinity balance in the mixed-layer in the whole tropical Atlantic basin and mixed-layer salinity balance is more sensitive to currents than to freshwater flux. We investigate the main mechanisms which modulate the variability of the SSS in the tropical Atlantic and especially in the Gulf of Guinea. In the western and north-eastern tropical Atlantic Ocean, the seasonal variability of SSS is controlled by advection and freshwater flux whereas, in the central basin, the salinity balance is mostly due to freshwater flux. In the Gulf of Guinea, freshwater flux does not play a key role as in previous regions and the seasonal cycle of SSS is a balance between the vertical processes (advection and diffusion) that increase SSS and the horizontal advection which decrease the SSS. We focus our analysis of SSS interannual variability in the Gulf of Guinea. Results indicate that in the northern region and in the equatorial region, SSS changes are due to changes in precipitations and evaporation and changes in oceanic processes (advection and vertical diffusion) while in the southern Gulf of Guinea only oceanic process changes can explain SSS anomalies. We noted an SSS increase in the northeastern Gulf of Guinea during the period 2002-2009. We argue that it is due mainly to decrease precipitation in this region. Finally, we also showed that the effect of the runoff is to amplify the signal of SSS and can impact the mixed layer depth, the surface currents and the sea surface temperature
Audibert, David. "Épiciers de l'Ouest - Le Mans, Angers, Nantes - au XVIIIe siècle : étude comparative." Le Mans, 2003. http://cyberdoc.univ-lemans.fr/theses/2003/2003LEMA3001_1.pdf.
Full textCaquineau, Sandrine. "Les sources des aérosols sahariens transportés au dessus de l'Océan Atlantique tropical nord : localisation et caractéristiques minéralogiques." Paris 12, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA120004.
Full textSadio, Oumar. "Evaluation de l'efficacité des Aires Marines Protégées comme outil de restauration des ressources marines et de gestion des stocks halieutiques : l'expérience ouest africaine." Thesis, Brest, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BRES0090/document.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the study of the effectiveness of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) as restoration tools of marine resources and fish stocks management in tropical West Africa. The study involves three MPAs. The first one is the Bamboung MPA, a marine reserve located in estuarine areas (with marine influence), closed to fishing since 2004. The second is the Urok Islands MPA established in 2005 and located in the biosphere Reserve of Bijagos archipelago in the coastal part of Guinea-Bissau. It is divided into three areas and fishing is allowed there with a fishing pressure becoming stronger from the central area to peripheral area. The third MPA is the Banc d‟Arguin National Marine Park located along the coast of Mauritania. It was created in 1976 and fishing activities are restricted. Many AMP were evaluated worldwide and the results are in the main part positive. In tropical zones, the variability of environmental parameters affects the spatial and temporal organization of fish assemblage. Therefore, the MPA establishment in a tropical zone has raised questions about their effectiveness inrelation to the influence of environmental parameters. According to the AMP, spatial or temporal approach will be used to answer questions. Comparison analysis will be used. The analysis of biological data comes after those of the physicochemical parameters that show strong seasonal variability in each MPA. This result justifies the choice of seasonal analysis of biological data in order to minimize the influence of environmental variations.Regarding the Bamboung MPA, the results of global approach clearly confirm that it is an effective tool for restoring marine resources. The seasonal approach shows this role in cold season, but not in hot and wet seasons. In 9 years of protection, the Bamboung MPA contributed to attract big fish in the Bamboung bolon. The spillover effect in Bamboung MPA is not clearly demonstrated according to our results. A downward trend of biological indicators according to the distance to the MPA has been observed especially in hot season and wet season. Similarly, the analysis of indicators related to reproduction does not show that the Bamboung MPA improve fish reproduction. Regarding Urok Islands MPA and Banc d’Arguin National marine Park, the results do not confirm that these AMP are fish stock management tools (improved yields of fishing activities and fish reproduction). However, for Urok islands MPA the observed trends suggest a biomass concentration in the central area, an equilibrium role played by the intermediate area and a role of fish biomass provider of the peripheral area. For Banc d’Arguin National Marine Parc, the inside area seems to contribute to the enrichment of the external area by transferring fish biomass. Non-specific results could be explained by the small data collected in the MPAs. So the idea to conduct a short-term biological monitoring and to analyze reproduction indicators in population level has been considered for the three MPA to find clear results on their role in the management of fish stocks
Ould, El Kebir Mohamed Vall. "Etudes biologique et biochimique (acides gras) sur trois espèces de raies de l'Atlantique Est Tropical : Dasyatis marmorata, Rhinobatos cemiculus et Rhinoptera marginata." Aix-Marseille 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AIX30052.
Full textBiological study of population structure, growth and reproduction cycle of three species of rays, Dasyatis marmorata, Rhinobatos cemiculus and Rhinoptera marginata, collected near the Mauritanian cost has been investigated. This work gives the first fiable scientific data which can be used for a rational important economic resource, but until now, not well known. The analysis of fatty acid compositions using gas chromatography (CG) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (CG/MS) allowed the identification of fifty molecules in the muscles, livers and gonads of these three ray species. These lipidic fractions contained high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (up to 30% of the total), mainly composed of docosa-4,7,10,13,16,19-hexaenoic acid, eicosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid and eicosa-5,8,11,14,17- pentaenoic acid. Among them, 12 new molecules were characterized including 5 fatty acids with a non malonic chain (7,15-20:2; 7,13-20:2, 6,14-22:2 and 7,13-22:2) and 15 other rare fatty acids which have never been described in rays. .
Gourdeau, Lionel. "Assimilation par filtrage de kalman de donnees altimetriques dans un modele lineaire de l'ocean atlantique tropical (l. Gourdeau)." Paris 6, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA066507.
Full textTachikawa, Kazuyo. "Apport des concentrations de terres rares et des compositions isotopiques de néodyme à l'étude de processus dans la colonne d'eau : cas de l'Atlantique Tropical Nord-Est (sites EUMELI)." Toulouse 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997TOU30172.
Full textLegeleux, Françoise. "Relations entre particules marines et message sédimentaire : flux de matière dans la colonne d'eau et transformations à l'interface eau-sédiments dans l'océan atlantique tropical de Nord-Est." Paris 6, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA066397.
Full textLEBERT, CHRISTINE. "Realisation d'un fascicule de conseils aux voyageurs en partance pour la republique de guinee dans le cadre d'une action de cooperation avec la loire-atlantique." Nantes, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990NANT086M.
Full textAthié, de Velasco Gabriela. "Étude de la structure spatio-temporelle de la variabilité intra-saisonnière dans les couches superficielles de l'océan Atlantique tropical." Brest, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BRES2046.
Full textLntra-seasonal variability with 2-50 days scales is present at the surface of Tropical Atlantic Ocean. This variability bas different periods depending on its dynamic origin : forced by the high-frequency wind or by the oceanic instabilities. Satellite observations as well as numerical model simulations analysis shows a dominate signal with periods between 20 and 50 days at west of 10°W in the Tropical Atlantic ocean, corresponding to the Tropical Instability Waves (T1W). Two regions of variability between 20 and 50 days have been identified. The first one is equatorially-trapped with a latitudinal structure corresponding to a Yanai wave with periods between 25 and 35 days. The second region is located north and south of the equator, with a complex cross-equatorial structure that varies in time. This suggests that several intra-seasonal Rossby waves at periods slightly higher than those of equatorial TlWs (30-50 days) are involved in the TlWs dynamics in off-equatorial regions. This study demonstrates that TlWs are principally composed by wave-pattern anomalies resulting from a combination of several intra-seasonal equatorial waves. A numerical study using different wind fields, shows that the characteristics of the intra-seasonal variability in the Tropical Atlantic upperlayers are strongly dependent of the wind forcing. The high-frequency winds generate a 2-10 day variability that diminishes significantly the TlWs amplitude in the surface mixed layer. Moreover this forcing modifies the intra-seasonal variability of the SST
Fukaï, Eri. "Importance du picoplancton autotrophe dans la biomasse et la production primaire des eaux marines oligotrophes : Atlantique tropical oriental et mer des Sargasses." Paris 6, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA066491.
Full textVannier, Émilie. "Pratiques funéraires au second âge du Fer dans la "province médio-atlantique"." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAG007/document.
Full textThis doctoral thesis presents the funerary practices of a large cross-Channel area, called “Medio-Atlantic province”. This work focuses on the second Iron Age or La Tène period (mid-5th century – last quarter of the 1st century BC) and the British Iron Age (late 5th century BC – mid-1st century AD). The analyses of the data on the treatments of the bodies, the funerary architecture and the grave-goods highlight six “Medio-Atlantic” funerary groups and expose their spatial and temporal evolution. This study allows to understand the main funerary features of Cross-Channel areas, as well as other funerary groups in theirs eastern margins
Koffi, Kouakou Urbain. "Distribution des paramètres du carbone et du flux de CO2 à l'interface air - mer dans l'Est de l'Atlantique tropical." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00945786.
Full textUbelmann, Clément. "Etude de scénarios d'altimétrie satellitaire pour le contrôle de la circulation océanique dans l'océan Atlantique tropical par assimilation de données." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00408763.
Full textUne méthode d'Expériences de Simulations de Systèmes d'Observations (OSSE) a été appliquée en expériences jumelles avec le modèle de circulation océanique NEMO dans une configuration emboîtée d'une résolution spatiale de 0.25°.
Ces expériences ont été réalisées, de manière distinctes, pour deux phénomènes marquants de l'Atlantique Tropical : les ondes tropicales d'instabilités (TIW) et les tourbillons associés au courant du Brésil (NBC).
Nous avons testé différents systèmes satellitaires, comprenant des satellites existants (JASON-1, JASON-2, ou ENVISAT ...), des satellites programmés (SARAL) ou encore en projet tels que SWOT.
Pour ces derniers, différentes options d'orbites ont été envisagées.
Les principaux résultats obtenus ont montré que si un seul satellite est suffisant pour contrôler la propagation des TIW et des tourbillons du NBC, un système multi-satellitaire est nécessaire pour corriger avec précision leur structure verticale.
Certaines orbites se sont révélées plus favorables que d'autres pour corriger l'un des deux phénomènes, et l'existence de critères d'échantillonnage spécifiques (cycle de répétitivité, sous-cycles) est apparue comme déterminante.
Enfin, les apports de l'atimétrie à large fauchée (qui devrait être opérationnelle dans quelques années) ont été mis clairement en évidence.
Thomas, Catherine Reine. "Modélisation tridimensionnelle des champs de nitrates et d'oxygène et de la production nouvelle dans l'océan Atlantique tropical en 1982-1984." Toulouse 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOU30080.
Full textDiedhiou, Arona. "Étude des régimes d'ondes d'est et de leurs interactions avec la convection en Afrique de l'Ouest et sur l'Atlantique tropical." Paris 12, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA120055.
Full textQuilfen, Yves. "Variations interannuelles de l'atmosphere atlantique tropicale et interactions avec l'ocean." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066592.
Full textAyina, Ludos-Hervé. "Etude des modes de variabilité de l'océan Atlantique tropical et de leur sensibilité à l'impact des décharges fluviatiles et des précipitations." Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066019.
Full textGueye, Mbaye Babacar. "Inversion neuronale pour la reconstruction de profils de salinité océanique en Atlantique tropical à partir de mesures de surface et de hauteurs d'eau." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066743.
Full textWater exchanges within the global hydrological cycle are determined by complex constraints that form the basis of climate dynamics system.Ocean salinity (S) is one of the most delicate variables to monitor in this cycle. The in-situ measurements cover only limited resolutions. While surface measurements have good spatio- temporal coverage. In this thesis, we reconstruct ocean S profile in the tropical Atlantic from surface parameters (SSH-ADT, SST, SSS). The developed inversion model (INV2) comes in 2 parts. The exploratory part allowed to know that the latitude is related to the S of the subsurface and the depth while the SSS is linked to S of surface and near surface but not to the studied surface parameters. The latitude is strongly linked to the SSH (ADT) and the SST. Based on this preliminary study, we have implemented INV2 which is based on a sequential 3 steps algorithm (2 projections on a SOM and an optimal research). INV2 could reconstructed the S profiles simulated by the DRAKKAR model with mean absolute errors less than 0.08 psu on almost all the profile. With the in situ Coriolis data , the rmse are around 0.172 psu on individual profiles 0.037 psu on average profiles. The largest errors were noted at the halocline and in MSW areas. After the evaluation, a S profiles completion algorithm was also proposed. The INV2 performances obtained showed that this neural approach is adequate for 3D reconstruction of oceanic S when knowledge is limited to the surface
Meurisse, Murielle. "Enregistrement haute résolution des massifs dunaires Manche, mer du Nord et Atlantique : le rôle des tempêtes." Lille 1, 2007. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2007/50376-2007-347.pdf.
Full textMendes, António de Almeida. "Esclavages et traites ibériques entre Méditerranée et Atlantique (XVe-XVIIe siècles) : une histoire globale." Paris, EHESS, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007EHES0054.
Full textThis thesis proposes to study Iberian slavery and slave trade of the XVth and XVIIth centuries in a large geographical space including the west African coasts, the Portuguese Atlantic ocean and the occidental Mediterranean sea. After a minutious cross-examination of Portuguese and Spanish's sources, and also of the quantitative data delivered by the new version of The Transatlantic Slave Database, we have rebuild the slave circuits through the Atlantic and the Mediterranean sea, analysed the slave system settled by the Portuguese on the African shores. The quantification of the Atlantic slave trade to Europe and the Americas, as well as the African and European trade networks have also been decrypted. A huge slave trade system is set up, the outline of which will last until the period of the Portuguese asientos of the late XVIth century. Its study enables to cast a fresh look on the modern society born out of the expansion
Do, Thi Phuong Thao. "Apport de la télédétection spatiale pour l'étude multiscalaire des interactions climat-surface en Afrique de l'Ouest : étude du bassin versant de l'Ouémé supérieur (Bénin)." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENU025/document.
Full textThis thesis is part of the international AMMA program (Analyse Multidisciplinaire de la Mousson Africaine - Multidisciplinary Analysis of African Monsoon) whose objective is to better understand the regional dynamics of climate-environment-society interactions. It is a contribution to the study of the spatio-temporal variability of vegetation, according to different land use types and under the constraints of seasonal and interannual variations in rainfall in the upper basin of Ouémé river, Benin. This area has an extensive network of hydro-climatic ground monitoring, observatory AMMA-Catch, which provides many in-situ data. The analysis also relies on data from different optical remote sensing satellites (LANDSAT, SPOT-VGT, MODIS, MSG-SEVIRI or ECOCLIMAP) for the study of land occupation, variability of photosynthetic vegetation or rainfall estimate (RFE). The study focuses mainly on three questions: 1) the changes in surface conditions recently observed in the experimental area of upper Ouémé; 2) the analysis of various data from satellite remote sensing to diagnose regional bioclimatic variability of vegetation; 3) the understanding of climate/vegetation interface interactions, in order to interpret certain intra-and interannual bioclimatic variations depending on the main surface conditions. The main results suggest that it is possible to discriminate the functional relationships from the main conditions of forest or anthropized surface. The diachronic analysis through the classification of Landsat (ETM +) images show that the cultivated areas recorded regionally an increase of 25% over the period of 2003-2012. The areas of set-aside decrease, while shrublands increase. All forests lost in area over the decade observed, particularly dense forest (presumably protected in this region) with a drop of over 16%. The spatio-temporal variability of a vegetation index (NDVI) significantly depends on three main types of land use, even though the noise due to the cloud cover complicates the analysis and interpretation. The contrasts between the preserved natural forest area (the forest reserve) and the agricultural areas (crops and fallow) are particularly visible. Over the decade 2002-2012, there is no trend of rainfall, but rather a succession of wet and dry phases, which ultimately induce an interannual stability of NDVI. The average phase difference between rainfall and vegetation activity is four decades, but it seems that the end of the vegetation growing season has retreated back to at least 10 days during the study period, reflecting a change in rainfall at the end of the year
Freychet, Nicolas. "Assimilation rétrospective de données par lissage de rang réduit : application et évaluation dans l'Atlantique Tropical." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00683971.
Full textPortal, Claire. "Reliefs et patrimoine géomorphologique : Applications aux parcs naturels de la façade atlantique européenne." Phd thesis, Université de Nantes, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00537350.
Full textTournier, Rolande. "Variabilite de la structure thermique et des courants a l'ouest et au centre de l'ocean pacifique tropical de 1979 a 1985." Paris 6, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA066494.
Full textLANTOINE, FRANCOIS. "Caracterisation et distribution des differentes populations du picoplancton (picoeucaryotes, synechococcus spp. , prochlorococcus spp. ) dans diverses situations trophiques (atlantique tropical, golfe du lion)." Paris 6, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA066644.
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