Journal articles on the topic 'Athletes’ health recreation'
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Tilindienė, Ilona, Lina Petkūnė, and Dovydas Ivanauskas. "The Peculiarities of Health-Related Quality of Life in Recreational and Competitive Athletes." Baltic Journal of Sport and Health Sciences 4, no. 123 (February 9, 2022): 45–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.33607/bjshs.v4i123.1146.
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Background. The scientific literature focuses on the evaluation of quality of life (QL) and health-related quality of life (HRQL) among recreational and competitive athletes. Research suggests that the QL and HRQL levels of competitive athletes can be negatively affected in that they spend most of their lives in training, preparing for and recovering from competitions and tournaments; however, they neither learn most of the essential life skills (Ohlert & Ott, 2017), nor allot time to their leisure activities and recreation. There are also contradictory studies indicating that competitive athletes evaluate HRQL better than recreational ones do (Lorcan & Allen, 2018; Pacesova, Smela, & Antala, 2019). However, little is known about the impact of how different levels of sports activities affect HRQL in this pandemic period.
Methods. HRQL was evaluated applying the SF-36 questionnaire (Short Form 36 Medical Outcomes Study questionnaire). The questionnaire was adapted in Lithuania (Staniūtė, 2007).
Results. Statistically significant differences were found in the evaluation of quality of life in the following areas: social function, pain, and activity limitation due to emotional disorders. It was found that competitive athletes limited their activities more than recreational athletes due to emotional difficulties (U = 1165, p = .05) and experienced more pain (U = 1036, p = .01). It was also found that recreational athletes valued their social relations more favourably than competitive ones (U = 1066, p = .02). Statistically significant differences were found in the evaluation of HRQL by gender. Men value their social relations better (U = 992.5, p = .00) and have fewer activity limitations due to emotional difficulties (U = 1063, p = .02) than women. The HRQL evaluation by gender and sport level shows that in recreational sports men evaluated their social relationships better than women and had fewer activity limitations due to emotional difficulties than women. Analysis of HRQL of competitive athletes showed no statistically significant relationship between women and men groups.
Conclusion. In conclusion, it can be stated that athletes best valued areas of physical activity and social relations. The findings show that competitive athletes more than recreational ones limited their activities due to emotional difficulties, and experienced more pain. Meanwhile, recreational athletes rated their social relations more favourably than competitive athletes. It was found that male athletes valued their social relations and emotional state better than female athletes. Men also had fewer activity limitations due to emotional difficulties than women.
Keywords: quality of life, young adults, recreational athletes, competitive athletes.
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Miocic, Josip, Luka Androja, and Drazen Cular. "Understanding the Significance of Cannabidiols and their Possible Use in Sport." International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology 5, no. 7 (August 18, 2020): 1371–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt20jul694.
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The paper provides an overview and review of the use, knowledge and importance of cannabidiol (CBD) on stakeholders in the sports system, on the example of members of the Sports Community of the City of Zadar. In particular, a review is given of the possible harmfulness of taking substances that contain prohibited amounts and ingredients for athletes, ie unfounded and unconfirmed independent research. The method and purpose of taking cannabidiol by the stakeholders of the sports system are presented, with special reference to athletes in the field of recreation. The survey, through a questionnaire, determined whether athletes and sports professionals are sufficiently aware of what are cannabidiols, and what is the impact on the health status of athletes when using cannabidiol and the possible harm to the health of athletes in uncontrolled cannabidiol intake. In conclusion, research has shown that athletes and sports professionals do not know enough about what are cannabidiols, and what is the impact of their use on athletes and recreational athletes. Therefore, the conclusion is that it is necessary to educate these stakeholders in sports and conduct future research.
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Freudenberger, Devon, and Victoria Lucia. "Sports-related concussion knowledge and attitudes of intramural and club sport athletes." Neurology 91, no. 23 Supplement 1 (December 4, 2018): S6.3—S7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/01.wnl.0000550634.34018.fb.
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IntroductionSports-related concussions have attracted greater public health concern as their incidence rises, leading to changes in concussion education and laws protecting athletes. Currently the intramural and club sport programs at Oakland University (OU) (Rochester, Michigan) do not have a concussion education program for its athletes. Therefore, determining the knowledge and attitudes these athletes have towards concussions is essential in determining whether a program is needed. We hypothesized that due to the lack of a concussion education program, athletes at OU do not possess adequate knowledge and harbor unhealthy attitudes towards concussions.MethodsA validated, and reliable concussion knowledge and attitudes survey was identified, modified, and distributed to athletes participating in intramural and club sports at OU's Recreation Center. The responses were scored generating concussion knowledge and attitude scores. Data was analyzed using t-tests to evaluate significant differences between different groups.ResultsOne hundred eight-two of 200 respondents had complete survey data, of which 53.6% were female and 46.4% male; 59.9% participated in intramural sports only, 26.4% in club sports only, and 13.7% in both. The mean overall knowledge and attitude scores were 80.6% and 74.8%, respectively. These scores did not vary by sport participation (p = 0.685; p = 0.51). Female athletes had significantly higher knowledge than male athletes (p = 0.011). Athletes majoring in health science fields had significantly higher knowledge than athletes in non-health science majors (p = 0.006), but similar attitudes (p = 0.697).ConclusionsWhile the results indicate that OU athletes possess some knowledge and generally healthy attitudes, there is room for improvement that could be met with a single concussion education program for both intramural and club sport athletes. Despite having significantly higher knowledge, health science athletes did not display healthier attitudes than non-health science athletes, suggesting that knowledge does not always confer healthier attitudes. Therefore, a concussion education program should emphasize improving athlete concussion attitudes.
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Richmond, Sarah A., Amanda M. Black, John Jacob, Shelina Babul, and Ian Pike. "‘Active & Safe Central’: development of an online resource for the prevention of injury in sport and recreational activity." Injury Prevention 25, no. 6 (May 14, 2019): 546–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/injuryprev-2019-043164.
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BackgroundSport and recreation related injuries exert a significant cost on the healthcare system. As prevention researchers and practitioners, we have a responsibility to provide guidance towards prevention to those who participate in sport and recreation, and those that coach, treat and parent children that participate. The objective of this project was to use an integrated knowledge translation approach to develop an end user-driven digital platform that provides injury prevention information and resources across 51 sport and recreational activities.DesignWe used an integrated knowledge translation approach to scope and develop an online sport and recreational injury prevention resource. A project team was formed that included end users—coaches, parents and athletes, injury researchers and practitioners, as well as members of a digital design team. All members of the project team informed the development process, including a review of literature and existing resources, the translation of evidence and development of the platform. At all stages of development, members of the project team cocreated knowledge for the tool, including forming the research questions, the approach, feasibility and development of outcomes.ConclusionThe ‘Active & Safe Central’ (https://activesafe.ca/) platform provides web-based sport injury and prevention information. This user-friendly, web and mobile accessible platform can increase the reach, awareness and implementation of prevention programming in sport and recreational activity.
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Bell, Jeneita M., Christina L. Master, and Michael R. Lionbarger. "The Clinical Implications of Youth Sports Concussion Laws: A Review." American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine 13, no. 2 (January 20, 2017): 172–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1559827616688883.
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The recent passage of state youth sports concussion laws across the country introduces clinical implications for health care professionals caring for student-athletes. Although the laws were established to provide protections for student-athletes and prevent adverse outcomes, efforts aimed at implementation have uncovered various challenges in concussion diagnosis and management. Some of the most salient issues include medical evaluation, return to play, and return to learn. For this reason, health care professionals play a pivotal role in determining the critical next steps after a student is removed from play with a suspected concussion. Also, state laws may influence an influx of concussion patients to health care facilities and, thereby, present various unforeseen challenges that can be mitigated with adequate clinical preparation. This is key to helping student-athletes recover and resume regular activities in sports, recreation, and education. This review describes the various components of state youth sports concussion laws relevant to clinical practice and nuances that health care professionals should appreciate in this context. Additionally, concussion tools and strategies that can be used in clinical practice are discussed.
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Fachrezzy, Fahmy, Iwan Hermawan, Uzizatun Maslikah, Haris Nugroho, and Eko Sudarmanto. "Profile Physical Fitness Athlete of Slalom Number Water Ski." International Journal of Educational Research & Social Sciences 2, no. 1 (April 7, 2021): 34–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.51601/ijersc.v2i1.29.
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The purpose of this study was to find out the physical fitness profile of water ski athletes in the DKI Jakarta slalom number. This type of research is quantitative using descriptive methods. This study was conducted in Lake Sunter Jakarta, with a sample number of 41 male athletes slalom number. The instruments used in this study used physical fitness tests from the American Association for Health, Physical Education and Recreation (AAHPER) tests for sons while data analysis used descriptive frequency analysis. The results showed that the physical fitness of water skiers slalom numbers in the category of good or by 70.73%. Thus it can be concluded that the physical fitness of water skiers in the category is well-reviewed from the strength and endurance of the muscles of the arms and shoulders; endurance of the abdominal muscles; agility; power limbs; running speed; endurance of the heart.
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Lopes, Frederico Azevedo, and Andrea Coelho Leite. "Water quality for triathlon and open water swimming competitions in Brazilian freshwaters." Limnological Review 21, no. 4 (December 1, 2021): 169–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/limre-2021-0016.
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Abstract In high-performance competitive activities, there can be intense and prolonged exposure to water during swimming components of the competition. Therefore, water quality assessments with reference to standards are desirable to ensure athletes’ health. We evaluated whether the official criteria established for primary contact recreation in Brazilian freshwaters (CONAMA Directive 274/2000), and an integrated index of bathing conditions in Brazil (ICB), are consistent with the water quality standards stipulated by the International Triathlon Union (ITU). The water quality of Lake of Ingleses, an important venue for triathlon and open water swimming near Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil, was assessed between 2003 and 2019. Results for E. coli, cyanobacteria density, and pH were favorable for contact recreation and competitions at the lake. Of the variables considered, only turbidity, used as a proxy indicator of visual water clarity, was unsuitable during part of the monitoring period. The ICB agreed with the ITU standards for Very Good and Excellent quality classes and is recommended as a tool for screening sites considered for competitions in Brazilian freshwaters. However, the Brazilian national criteria for contact recreation only present standards for E. coli and pH, which is insufficient coverage of attributes affecting primary contact suitability of water in high-performance sports activities.
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Et.al, Suprayitno. "Data Processing Physical Condition Test of Karate Athletes Based on Android." Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) 12, no. 3 (April 10, 2021): 3611–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i3.1641.
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The purpose of this study was to create a formula for presenting data on the physical condition of karate athletes in the form of application software on android. This research uses Research and Development approach. The population and samples in this study are students of the Physical Education Health and Recreation (40 people) who are taking karate courses and PPLP athletes in North Sumatra (15 people). The results of the research obtained from the validation of expert tests and field expert tests (North Sumatra Student Education and Training Centerathletes and Faculty of Sports Sciences students) showed that the physical condition test application software of karate sports meets the criteria of acceptability in accordance with aspects of usability, feasibility, accuracy and propriety. The score obtained from the validation of media expert test (72.7%), validation of material expert test (81.5%) and field expert test (79.8%) fall into a good category and do not need revision. Thus, the application of physical condition tests of karate sports can be used as a medium in the service of implementation instructions, information and evaluation of tests and measurement of the physical condition of karate athletes.
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Gao, Yu, Ning Fu, Yuping Mao, and Lu Shi. "Recreational Screen Time and Anxiety among College Athletes: Findings from Shanghai." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 14 (July 13, 2021): 7470. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18147470.
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To better understand the behavioral factors contributing to the mental health status among student athletes, we examined the link between recreational screen time and college student athlete’s anxieties. This cross-sectional study was conducted among 278 college student athletes from Shanghai, China, aged between 17 and 25 years old (M = 19.4, SD = 1.5). Multivariate regression analyses, controlled for age, gender, rural vs. urban residency, and individual vs. team sports factors, were performed to analyze the association between their average daily recreational screen time in a week and their dispositional anxiety, pre-competition anxiety, and anxiety during competition, which were measured by the Chinese version of validated psychometric scales among athlete population. Significant results were found in both dispositional anxiety and situational anxiety in relation to recreational screen time among college athletes. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that excessive recreational screen time is a risk indicator of college student athletes’ dispositional anxiety, pre-competition anxiety, and anxiety during competition.
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Spitnale, Michael J., Candler G. Mathews, Allen J. Barnes, Zachary T. Thier, and J. Benjamin Jackson. "Epidemiology of Lower Leg Soft Tissue Injuries in High School Athletes." Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics 7, no. 1 (January 2022): 247301142110578. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/24730114211057886.
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Background Annually there are an estimated 4.5 million sports- and recreation-related injuries among children and young adults in the United States. The most common sports-related injuries are to the lower extremities, with two-thirds occurring among children and young adults (age range 5-24 years). The objective is to describe the epidemiology of lower leg injuries across 27 high school (HS) sports over a 3-year period. Methods The Datalys Center for Sports Injury Research and Prevention provided lower leg injury data for 27 sports in 147 high schools for 2011-2012 through 2013-2014 academic years from National Athletic Treatment, Injury and Outcomes Network (NATION) HS Surveillance Program. Results The overall rate of lower leg injuries over this 3-year period was 1.70 per 10 000 acute events (AEs) (95% CI, 1.59-1.82). In men, the highest number of lower leg injuries was in football (n=181), but indoor track had the highest rate of injury at 2.80 per 10 000 AEs (95% CI, 2.14-3.58). In women, the highest number of lower leg injuries and the highest rate of injury were in cross-country (n=76) at 3.85 per 10 000 AEs (95% CI, 3.03-4.81). The practice injury rate was 0.91 times the competition injury rate (95% CI, 0.78-1.07). Conclusion An improved understanding of the most common sports in which lower leg injuries are seen may help direct appropriate resource utilization. Our data would suggest efforts toward prevention of these overuse injuries, especially in football, track, and cross-country may have the greatest impact on the health of student athletes. Level of Evidence: Level IV, case series.
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Baman, Timir S., Sanjaya Gupta, and Sharlene M. Day. "Cardiovascular Health, Part 2: Sports Participation in Athletes With Cardiovascular Conditions." Sports Health: A Multidisciplinary Approach 2, no. 1 (December 30, 2009): 19–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1941738109356941.
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Context: An athlete’s health may be endangered if he or she continues to compete after diagnosis of certain cardiovascular conditions. The most worrisome risk is sudden cardiac death; the annual rate in US athletes is 1 in 50 000 to 200 000. Evidence Acquisition: Part 2 of this review highlights the current guidelines and controversies surrounding compatibility of participation with a variety of cardiac conditions in competitive and recreational athletics. Data sources were limited to peer-reviewed publications from 1984 to the April 2009. Results: The guidelines published by the American College of Cardiology and the European Society of Cardiology provide a framework for safe competitive and recreational sports participation in athletes with a broad spectrum of inherited and acquired cardiovascular disorders. These guidelines are necessarily conservative because it is not currently possible to individualize risk prediction. Few data are available in many areas, particularly in the noncompetitive arena or in older athletes. Conclusions: Published national guidelines are currently the foundation governing return-to-play decisions in athletes with cardiovascular conditions. Further studies are needed to refine risk stratification algorithms to allow athletes with cardiovascular conditions to reap the health benefits of regular exercise and sports participation without undue risk.
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Lewis, Nathan A., Diarmuid Daniels, Philip C. Calder, Lindy M. Castell, and Charles R. Pedlar. "Are There Benefits from the Use of Fish Oil Supplements in Athletes? A Systematic Review." Advances in Nutrition 11, no. 5 (May 8, 2020): 1300–1314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/advances/nmaa050.
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ABSTRACT Despite almost 25 y of fish oil supplementation (FS) research in athletes and widespread use by the athletic community, no systematic reviews of FS in athletes have been conducted. The objectives of this systematic review are to: 1) provide a summary of the effect of FS on the athlete's physiology, health, and performance; 2) report on the quality of the evidence; 3) document any side effects as reported in the athlete research; 4) discuss any risks associated with FS use; and 5) provide guidance for FS use and highlight gaps for future research. Electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Google Scholar) were searched up until April 2019. Only randomized placebo-controlled trials (RCTs) in athletes, assessing the effect of FS on a health, physiological/biochemical, or performance variable were included. Of the 137 papers identified through searches, 32 met inclusion criteria for final analysis. Athletes varied in classification from recreational to elite, and from Olympic to professional sports. Mean age for participants was 24.9 ± 4.5 y, with 70% of RCTs in males. We report consistent effects for FS on reaction time, mood, cardiovascular dynamics in cyclists, skeletal muscle recovery, the proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α, and postexercise NO responses. No clear effects on endurance performance, lung function, muscle force, or training adaptation were evident. Methodological quality, applying the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale, ranged from 6 to a maximum of 11, with only 4 RCTs reporting effect sizes. Few negative outcomes were reported. We report various effects for FS on the athlete's physiology; the most consistent findings were on the central nervous system, cardiovascular system, proinflammatory cytokines, and skeletal muscle. We provide recommendations for future research and discuss the potential risks with FS use.
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Myrissa, Kyriaki, Laura Jackson, and Eirini Kelaiditi. "Orthorexia Nervosa: Examining Two Self-Report Measures and the Predictors of Orthorexic Symptoms in Elite and Recreational Athletes." Current Developments in Nutrition 5, Supplement_2 (June 2021): 1295. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzab058_008.
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Abstract Objectives Orthorexia nervosa (ON) is characterised by a pathological fixation on healthy eating. Athletes strive for athletic performance through restricted dietary habits which may lead to the presence of ON symptoms. The aim of the present study was to investigate the underlying structures of two self-report measures of ON, assess differences in ON symptoms between elite and recreational athletes, and determine potential predictors of ON symptomatology. Methods Cross-sectional study of 215 elite (n = 59; mean age 26.71 ± 6.83 years) and recreational athletes (n = 156; mean age 36.13 ± 14.33 years) completed the Teruel Orthorexia Scale (TOS), Eating Habits Questionnaire (EHQ), Short Form Food Frequency Questionnaire (SFFFQ), Eating Attitudes Test-26 (EAT-26), and the Hewitt-Flett Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale Short Form (HF-MPS-SF). Results Factor analysis revealed two-factor structures for both the TOS and the EHQ. Elite athletes exhibited higher scores for ‘healthy orthorexia’ (HeOr) (P = .016), ‘knowledge of healthy eating’ (P = .038) (EHQ-Knowledge), diet quality score (DQS) (P = .013) and self-orientated perfectionism scores (P = .032) compared to recreational athletes. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed DQS to be a consistent and significant predictor of all ON symptoms (both TOS and EHQ). BMI was negatively associated with HeOr (β = –.21, P < .001). EAT-26 dieting, bulimia and oral subscales predicted ‘orthorexia nervosa’ (OrNe; smallest P = .015) and ‘problems associated with healthy eating’ (EHQ-Problems; smallest P = .012). Other-orientated perfectionism (OOP) was the only perfectionism construct to predict HeOr (β = .23, P < .01), EHQ-Knowledge (β = .34, P < .001), EHQ-Problems (β = .18, P < .01) and EHQ-Total (β = .27, P < .001). Conclusions Findings suggest TOS is a reliable measure of ON symptomatology in athletes and further refinement of the EHQ is required. Improvements in assessment tools, study methodology and classification of athlete characteristics are required to advance our understanding of ON in athlete populations. Funding Sources None.
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Strawbridge, Marilyn. "Current Activity Patterns of Women Intercollegiate Athletes of the Late 1960’s and 1970’s." Women in Sport and Physical Activity Journal 10, no. 1 (April 2001): 55–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/wspaj.10.1.55.
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The purpose of this study was to describe (1) the current physical activity (PA) levels of women who were among the earliest competitors in organized intercollegiate sports during the late 1960s and 1970s. Activity was determined using the Godin Leisure Time Questionnaire. Of the 103 subjects, 45% reported participation in strenuous activity (MET level 9), and 41% reported participation in moderate activity (MET level 5) more than 3 times per week. The majority of women often (50%) or sometimes (38%) participated in activity long enough to work up a sweat. Only 12 % reported never engaging in activity long enough to work up a sweat. Most women (66%) currently participate in physical activity to gain health or fitness or for recreation. A much smaller percentage (13%) still enjoys competition. Most women (60%) performed these activities alone while only 3% participated in group activities. Most (73%) indicated that the opportunity to participate in their college sport does not currently exist, while 27% indicated that they still participate. Reasons for not participating included no program available (27%), musculo-skeltal problems (15%), no desire (6%) and that their college sport was too vigorous (3%). The most common activities in which women currently participate are golf, running, jogging and walking and tennis. A large majority (97%) indicated previous intercollegiate participation had very positively influenced their current participation in physical activity.Unlike the majority of their peers, this population of women who competed in the early intercollegiate athletics has tended to stay active in spite of decreasing opportunities to engage in team and other physical activities after college and as they age.
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Viana, Mar, Kostas Karatzas, Athanasios Arvanitis, Cristina Reche, Miguel Escribano, Edurne Ibarrola-Ulzurrun, Paolo Emilio Adami, Fréderic Garrandes, and Stéphane Bermon. "Air Quality Sensors Systems as Tools to Support Guidance in Athletics Stadia for Elite and Recreational Athletes." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 6 (March 17, 2022): 3561. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19063561.
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While athletes have high exposures to air pollutants due to their increased breathing rates, sport governing bodies have little guidance to support events scheduling or protect stadium users. A key limitation for this is the lack of hyper-local, high time-resolved air quality data representative of exposures in stadia. This work aimed to evaluate whether air quality sensors can describe ambient air quality in Athletics stadia. Sensing nodes were deployed in 6 stadia in major cities around the globe, monitoring NO2, O3, NO, PM10, PM2.5, PM1, CO, ambient temperature, and relative humidity. Results demonstrated that the interpretation of hourly pollutant patterns, in combination with self-organising maps (SOMs), enabled the interpretation of probable emission sources (e.g., vehicular traffic) and of atmospheric processes (e.g., local vs. regional O formation). The ratios between PM size fractions provided insights into potential emission sources (e.g., local dust re-suspension) which may help design mitigation strategies. The high resolution of the data facilitated identifying optimal periods of the day and year for scheduling athletic trainings and/or competitions. Provided that the necessary data quality checks are applied, sensors can support stadium operators in providing athlete communities with recommendations to minimise exposure and provide guidance for event scheduling.
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Godek, Joseph J. "Sports Rehabilitation in the '90s: Who's Who?" Journal of Sport Rehabilitation 1, no. 2 (May 1992): 87–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsr.1.2.87.
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The key players in sports health care in the '90s will be physicians, athletic trainers, and physical therapists. The social and economic forces affecting our health care delivery system today must be considered by these professions as they assume their roles in sports health care. Athletic trainers are qualified to treat athletes in any setting but are best used in the traditional environment. Physical therapists should reemphasize the rehabilitation of the sick, infirm, and disabled and should take the lead in providing care for disabled athletes. Physicians must be the leaders in sports health care. They are best prepared to arbitrate the ongoing conflict between athletic trainers and physical therapists and to decide which of these professionals can treat recreational athletes.
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Varghese, Mathew, Sonia Ruparell, and Cynthia LaBella. "Youth Athlete Development Models: A Narrative Review." Sports Health: A Multidisciplinary Approach 14, no. 1 (November 10, 2021): 20–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/19417381211055396.
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Context: Physical activity has shown to be beneficial for the overall physical and mental health of youth. There has been an increasing focus on youth sports moving from a recreational activity to becoming a launching pad for participation at elite levels. Several models of athlete development have emerged to guide specialized and nonspecialized athletes at an age-appropriate level, taking into consideration their physical and mental development. The purpose of this review is to summarize the current evidence and theoretical models regarding youth athlete development and discuss broader initiatives for sports participation and future directions for the field. Evidence Acquisition: An electronic databases search, including PubMed, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, National Institutes of Health, UpToDate, and Springer was conducted. Articles from 1993 to 2021 were included. The search terms long term athlete development, LTAD model, youth physical development, youth athlete development, sports specialization, and pediatric athlete, among others, were used. Study Design: Narrative review. Level of Evidence: Levels 4 and 5. Results: Several models of youth athlete development are discussed in this article. More recent models have built on previous models to incorporate more age- and development-specific recommendations; however, no singular model could be identified as the gold standard for youth athlete development, especially given the lack of empirical data to support these models. Conclusion: Youth athlete development currently consists of several theoretical models, each with their own strengths and weaknesses, that can guide the training of young athletes to maximize their performance. Those involved in this process—physicians, athletic trainers, coaches, physical educators, and parents—should understand these various models and trial their various features to see what works best for their individual athlete with consideration given to factors such as their stage of development. Ultimately, more empirical data are required to definitively state which is the optimal approach.
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Graha, Ali Satia. "MANFAAT ISTIRAHAT PADA PASCA CEDERA AKIBAT BEROLAHRAGA." MEDIKORA 18, no. 1 (December 30, 2019): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/medikora.v18i1.29196.
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Olahraga yang berkembang di masyarakat telah banyak menerima IPTEK sebagai pelengkap dalam setiap melakukan aktivitas olahraga. tetapi banyak masyarakat yang melakukan aktivitas olahraga, tidak terlepas dari cedera akibat melakukan olahraga tersebut. Cedera akibat olahraga berdampak pada aktivitas sehari-hari dan gangguan tubuh yang lain. Karateristik cedera yang dialami oleh para olahragawan seperti cedera ringan, sedang dan berat Cedera pada olahragawan dapat dikelompokkan yaitu cedera derajat-1, cedera derajat-2 dan cedera derajat-3. Cedera derajat-2 dan cedera derajat-3 pada umumnya dilakukan pengobatannya oleh dokter oleh karena cedera derajat-2 dan cedera derajat-3 biasanya jaringan otot robek atau patah tulang, dll. Macam cedera yang tejadi pada tubuh seperti: tulang, otot, ligamen dan persendian anggota gerak tubuh, baik olahraga body contact ataupun non body contact. Cedera yang terjadi tidak dihiraukan oleh para olahragawan dan mereka masih tetap berlatih, bertanding ataupun melakukan aktivitas olahraga untuk prestasi, hobi ataupun kebugaran. Saat cedera terjadi para olahragawan tidak mau untuk beristirahat supaya pulih dari cederanya. Dampak dari tidak adanya istirahat yang terprogram mengakibatkan proses peradangan timbul kembali, kelemahan pada otot semakin tinggi, kreatin kinase meningkat sehingga menimbulkan atrophy otot, dan cedera lama timbul kembali sehingga nyeri terus terasa setiap saat. Kekurangan Kreatin Kinase didalam sarkoplasma otot menyebabkan kemampuan otot menurun tetapi ketika kreatin kinase meningkat akan minimbulkan atrophy pada otot. Istirahat yang terprogram dan cukup sangat penting bagi olahragawan yang mengalami pasca cedera supaya dapat meraih prestasi, kesehatan, kebugaran dan hobi dalam berolahraga kembali. THE BENEFITS OF REST FOLLOWING INJURED DUE TO SPORTS Abstract In modern era, sports will engange with science and technology then improving human performance to get achievement, health and recreation through sports. Science and technology used in various sports, on the other hand it causes injured then impact on daily activities. Injury characteristics experienced by athletes such as minor, moderate and severe injuries. Injured can be classified as first-degree injuries, second-degree injuries and third-degree injuries. Second-degree injuries and third-degree injuries are generally treated by doctors because its usually torn or broken muscle tissue, etc. Types of injuries that occur in the body such as: bones, muscles, ligaments and joints of the limbs, both body contact or non-body contact sports. Sometimes athletes deny that suffers injury and still go the the field for training, compete or do exercise. When the feeling of injury arise, athletes tend to deny the tears and continue their training. Impact of deny to take a rest program will cause inflammation process reappears, weakness in the muscles gets higher, creatine kinase increases, causing muscle atrophy, and overpast injuries reappear so that the pain continues to be felt any time. Creatine kinase decrease in muscle sarcoplasm causing downward muscle ability, while creatine kinase increases, it will generate muscle atrophy. Recovery program is important for athletes who suffering injured so that he/she should come back to the field to get achievement, health, fitness and passion in sports.
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Mountjoy, Margo, A. Costa, R. Budgett, J. Dvorak, L. Engebretsen, S. Miller, J. Moran, J. Foster, and J. Carr. "Health promotion through sport: international sport federations’ priorities, actions and opportunities." British Journal of Sports Medicine 52, no. 1 (July 12, 2017): 54–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2017-097900.
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ObjectiveTo identify areas of priority and activity for international sportsfederations (IFs) with respect to athlete health and safety, and global health. Results serve to direct the work of the Association of Summer Olympic IF Medical and Scientific Consultative Group, the International Olympic Committee and to influence IFs’ planning and priorities.MethodsThe 28 IFs participating in the Summer Olympic Games (2016) were asked to rank the relative importance of 11 health-related topics and to report their activities or research initiatives on 27 identified topics using an electronic survey. A comparison with a similar survey (2012) was made.ResultsThe response rate was 100%. In general, the ‘fight against doping’ had the highest priority followed by ‘image as a safe sport’. The topics with the lowest importance ratings were ‘increasing the number of elite athletes’, and ‘health of the general population’. Despite ranking ‘health of your athletes,’ as a top priority, IFs are not addressing all aspects of athlete health. In comparison with 2012, there was a significant decrease in priority for IFs is ‘health of the general population’.ConclusionDespite the widespread knowledge of the importance of the promotion of physical activity (sport) on global health, the decreasing priority and programming of the IFs on physical activity promotion is concerning. Although IFs have prioritised the protection of the health of elite athletes, there are gaps in programming demonstrating that IFs are missing important areas of athlete health. Improving recreational athlete health programming could also benefit population health as well as improve IF fan base and sport participation.
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Savelsbergh, Geert J. P., and Rene Wormhoudt. "Creating adaptive athletes: the athletic skills model for enhancing physical literacy as a foundation for expertise." Movement & Sport Sciences - Science & Motricité, no. 102 (2018): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/sm/2019004.
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The purpose of the current paper is to advocate that the athletic skills model (ASM) serves as a suitable framework to structure (developmental) movement programs to enhance physical literacy as a foundation for expertise. Taking the non-linear developmental trajectories into account (including the possibility to follow the linear developmental pathway), the ASM applies three “roads” to reach this goal, that is, the concentric approach, creating challenging environments, and exploiting transfer. Each of these separately or in combination with each other will increase the level of physical literacy, that is creating more functional variation leading to an increasement of possibilities for adaptation of those involved (athletes, PE teachers, and coaches). ASM seeks a life-long physical activity participation and to maintain a balance between performance, fitness and health for the recreational as well for the disable and able (elite) athlete.
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Washif, Jad Adrian, Abdulaziz Farooq, Isabel Krug, David B. Pyne, Evert Verhagen, Lee Taylor, Del P. Wong, et al. "Training During the COVID-19 Lockdown: Knowledge, Beliefs, and Practices of 12,526 Athletes from 142 Countries and Six Continents." Sports Medicine 52, no. 4 (October 23, 2021): 933–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40279-021-01573-z.
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Abstract Objective Our objective was to explore the training-related knowledge, beliefs, and practices of athletes and the influence of lockdowns in response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Methods Athletes (n = 12,526, comprising 13% world class, 21% international, 36% national, 24% state, and 6% recreational) completed an online survey that was available from 17 May to 5 July 2020 and explored their training behaviors (training knowledge, beliefs/attitudes, and practices), including specific questions on their training intensity, frequency, and session duration before and during lockdown (March–June 2020). Results Overall, 85% of athletes wanted to “maintain training,” and 79% disagreed with the statement that it is “okay to not train during lockdown,” with a greater prevalence for both in higher-level athletes. In total, 60% of athletes considered “coaching by correspondence (remote coaching)” to be sufficient (highest amongst world-class athletes). During lockdown, < 40% were able to maintain sport-specific training (e.g., long endurance [39%], interval training [35%], weightlifting [33%], plyometric exercise [30%]) at pre-lockdown levels (higher among world-class, international, and national athletes), with most (83%) training for “general fitness and health maintenance” during lockdown. Athletes trained alone (80%) and focused on bodyweight (65%) and cardiovascular (59%) exercise/training during lockdown. Compared with before lockdown, most athletes reported reduced training frequency (from between five and seven sessions per week to four or fewer), shorter training sessions (from ≥ 60 to < 60 min), and lower sport-specific intensity (~ 38% reduction), irrespective of athlete classification. Conclusions COVID-19-related lockdowns saw marked reductions in athletic training specificity, intensity, frequency, and duration, with notable within-sample differences (by athlete classification). Higher classification athletes had the strongest desire to “maintain” training and the greatest opposition to “not training” during lockdowns. These higher classification athletes retained training specificity to a greater degree than others, probably because of preferential access to limited training resources. More higher classification athletes considered “coaching by correspondence” as sufficient than did lower classification athletes. These lockdown-mediated changes in training were not conducive to maintenance or progression of athletes’ physical capacities and were also likely detrimental to athletes’ mental health. These data can be used by policy makers, athletes, and their multidisciplinary teams to modulate their practice, with a degree of individualization, in the current and continued pandemic-related scenario. Furthermore, the data may drive training-related educational resources for athletes and their multidisciplinary teams. Such upskilling would provide athletes with evidence to inform their training modifications in response to germane situations (e.g., COVID related, injury, and illness).
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Petrocelli, Matthew, Trish Oberweis, and Joseph Petrocelli. "Getting Huge, Getting Ripped: A Qualitative Exploration of Recreational Steroid Use." Journal of Drug Issues 38, no. 4 (October 2008): 1187–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002204260803800412.
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Steroid use is only now being recognized as a national epidemic. Although American athletes have been using anabolic steroids since the 1950s, it was not until the 1980s that athletic governing bodies began to monitor and sanction illegal supplementation. It is easier to understand why paid, professional athletes might partake in steroid use; keeping up with the competition, sustaining or improving abilities, salary incentives and endorsements based on performance are but a few reasons. But it is more difficult to understand why adult nonprofessional athletes would eagerly flout the law and put their health at risk. Academic research into steroid use has largely ignored this populous group, instead focusing on professional, college or high school/adolescent athletes. Through semi-structured interviews with 37 recreational steroid users, this paper seeks to fill that void by exploring their motivations, knowledge, and attitudes toward illegal anabolic steroids. The findings are discussed in terms of their policy implications.
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Stickler, Laurie, Hayley Hall, and Barb Hoogenboom. "Runner’s Health Choices Questionnaire: Male College Cross-Country Runners’ Perspectives on Health and Eating." Journal of Sport Rehabilitation 31, no. 2 (February 1, 2022): 181–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsr.2021-0082.
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Context: Competitive cross-country runners train at much higher loads and with greater demands than recreational runners, posing a unique set of physiological and psychological challenges. Thus, identification of factors influencing health and nutritional choices in male cross-country runners is needed to help combat energy-related health issues. Purpose: To assess male college cross-country runners’ perspectives regarding sport-related health and the factors impacting their eating behaviors. Design: Cross-sectional survey. Participants/Methods: The Runner’s Health Choices Questionnaire was distributed to male college cross-country runners. Responses were analyzed using quantitative descriptive statistics. Results: One hundred nineteen runners completed the survey. Runners reported a diverse range of factors impacting eating and health behaviors from athletic performance enhancement to enjoyment of food. Less than 6% of athletes ranked athletic trainer, registered dietitian, or physician as often consulted for nutrition/health information. However, 75% of runners said they would be somewhat likely or very likely to make dietary or health changes if given new or additional information by a health care provider. Conclusion: Male cross-country runners appear to try to balance a global desire to be healthy with individual preferences. Athletes may be receptive to nutritional education that utilizes a biopsychosocial model with mental and psychological health support, and intentional effort is needed to support runners’ overall health.
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Bower, Glenna, and Mary A. Hums. "Women Working in the Administration of Campus Recreation: Career Paths and Challenges." Recreational Sports Journal 27, no. 2 (November 2003): 21–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/rsj.27.2.21.
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Women have made in-roads into management positions in various traditionally male-dominated industries including the sport industry. The sport industry consists of a number of segments such as professional sport, intercollegiate athletics, health and fitness, facility management, sport for people with disabilities, sport marketing, and recreational sport. While scholars have focused attention on the careers of women working in management positions in several of these segments, almost no work has been done in the recreational sport segment. One specialized area within recreational sport is campus recreation. In this particular area, there is limited research on women working in administrative positions. Thus, the purpose of this study was to establish and examine career information of women working in the administration of campus recreation programs. The survey subjects were 376 women listed in the 2000–2001 NIRSA National Sport Recreational Directory as holding administrative level jobs in campus recreation. The study addressed the following concerning women working in campus recreation administration: (a) demographics; (b) career paths; (c) most/least enjoyable aspects of their jobs; (d) greatest challenges; (e) career advice for women wanting to enter this profession; (f) short-term and long-term career aspirations; (g) the role of mentors on their careers, and (h) how they obtained their first/current job in campus recreation administration. Analysis of the data for this descriptive study focused on two areas. First, means and standard deviations were calculated where appropriate. Second, the answers to the open-ended questions were investigated for recurring themes. After examining the data, suggestions for future research were generated.
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Nicolaou, Stephen, and Efstathios Christodoulides. "The effects of rheumatoid arthritis on Cypriot recreational athletes." Testnevelés, Sport, Tudomány 4, no. 3-4 (2019): 23–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.21846/tst.2019.3-4.3.
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Introduction: Recreational athletes may be hindered by systemic pathologies that appear as sport related injury, however on closer inspection they are later diagnosed with Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA). The aims of this study endeavour to investigate the effects of RA on recreational athletes in the Cypriot population, more specifically physical ability, mental perceptions, behavioural choices and the use of alternative therapeutic modalities of treatment. Methods: Six recreational athletes (3 males and 3 females, mean ± SD 41.33 ± 15.85 years) diagnosed with RA were selected for this study. All participants were of Cypriot nationality and were involved in physical activity of 5+ hours per week. Participants were required to undergo a Multi-Dimensional Health Assessment Questionnaire (MDHAQ) and a semi-structured reflective interview. Results: The data collected from both the interview and the MDHAQ are directly related to the participant’s current state (present time evaluation) of disease. Participants in this study had a mean score of 3.04 resulting in a moderate severity rating on the MDHAQ. Seven prominent reoccurring themes were present amongst the six participants. Discussion: Themes indicate an overlap in patient phenomenon and perspective. The detailed insights may possibly aid the future development and research into the effects of RA on patient well-being, a more optimal treatment and care plan for therapy and support. Conclusion: Recreational athletes suffering from RA may be limited in daily physical activity and participation in recreational activity. The purpose of this study intended to draw themes between RA, physical activity limitations and recreational athlete perspectives.
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Herm, Juliane, Agnieszka Töpper, Alexander Wutzler, Claudia Kunze, Matthias Krüll, Lars Brechtel, Jürgen Lock, et al. "Frequency of exercise-induced ST-T-segment deviations and cardiac arrhythmias in recreational endurance athletes during a marathon race: results of the prospective observational Berlin Beat of Running study." BMJ Open 7, no. 8 (August 2017): e015798. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2016-015798.
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ObjectivesWhile regular physical exercise has many health benefits, strenuous physical exercise may have a negative impact on cardiac function. The ‘Berlin Beat of Running’ study focused on feasibility and diagnostic value of continuous ECG monitoring in recreational endurance athletes during a marathon race. We hypothesised that cardiac arrhythmias and especially atrial fibrillation are frequently found in a cohort of recreational endurance athletes. The main secondary hypothesis was that pathological laboratory findings in these athletes are (in part) associated with cardiac arrhythmias.DesignProspective observational cohort study including healthy volunteers.Setting and participantsOne hundred and nine experienced marathon runners wore a portable ECG recorder during a marathon race in Berlin, Germany. Athletes underwent blood tests 2–3 days prior, directly after and 1–2 days after the race.ResultsOverall, 108 athletes (median 48 years (IQR 45–53), 24% women) completed the marathon in 249±43 min. Blinded ECG analysis revealed abnormal findings during the marathon in 18 (16.8%) athletes. Ten (9.3%) athletes had at least one episode of non-sustained ventricular tachycardia, one of whom had atrial fibrillation; eight (7.5%) individuals showed transient ST-T-segment deviations. Abnormal ECG findings were associated with advanced age (OR 1.11 per year, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.23), while sex and cardiovascular risk profile had no impact. Directly after the race, high-sensitive troponin T was elevated in 18 (16.7%) athletes and associated with ST-T-segment deviation (OR 9.9, 95% CI 1.9 to 51.5), while age, sex and cardiovascular risk profile had no impact.ConclusionsECG monitoring during a marathon is feasible. Abnormal ECG findings were present in every sixth athlete. Exercise-induced transient ST-T-segment deviations were associated with elevated high-sensitive troponin T (hsTnT) values.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.govNCT01428778; Results.
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Zazirnyi, I. M., O. O. Kostrub, V. V. Kotiuk, and O. V. Plugatar. "Our Point of View at Rehabilitation After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction." Visnyk Ortopedii Travmatologii Protezuvannia 106, no. 3 (2020): 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.37647/0132-2486-2020-106-3-9-17.
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Summary. The article presents rehabilitation program for the patients after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. The program is used at the Feofaniya Hospital’s Center of Orthopedics, Traumatology and Sports Medicine and at the Department of Sports and Ballet Injuries of the SI “Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics of NAMS of Ukraine”. The rehabilitation course is divided on five periods: 1) preoperative period; 2) early postoperative period (acute) (0–2 weeks); 3) function restoring period (up to 9 week); 4) period of preparing and gradual returning to recreation and sports activity (from 9 week); 5) period of returning to full sports activity (after 6–9 months, depending on the type of sport). Principles of postoperative care and rehabilitation in our clinics are as follows: 1) decreasing pain, swelling, and inflammation; 2) full load of the operated on limb with or without crutches; 3) immediate exercises to restore range of motion from 0° to 60–90°, with gradually increase to 120° and full flexion after 6–9 weeks postoperatively (using continuous passive motion; passive, active assisted, and active exercises); 4) exercises for training quadriceps muscle, shin flexor muscles and all lower limb and pelvis muscles, with increasing resistance in close and open kinetic chains; 5) exercises for training proprioception and coordination (from early postoperative period); 6) return to work after 3–6 weeks, health-improvement and sports activity after 4, 6, and 9 months; 7) close cooperation between a surgeon, a rehabilitologist, and a patient during rehabilitation. We focus on achieving the fastest full extension of the knee joint, muscle control and restoration of proprioception. Exercises are performed in closed and open kinetic chains, with muscles tension in the back of the thigh and shin, in the way to avoid too much stress on transplantate. In cases of athletes and recreational active patients, elements of sports specific exercises were included to the rehabilitation program (from early postoperative period). That helped to restore proper patterns of movements and to overcome physical barrier in returning to full sports activity. Return to sport was allowed patients when achieved full range of motion, normal proprioception and balance of muscles; functional tests results were about 90% of the norm and there was no pain or swelling during exercise loads.
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Ramagole, Dimakatso, Dina Christa Janse van Rensburg, Lervason Pillay, Pierre Viviers, Phathokuhle Zondi, and Jon Patricios. "Implications of COVID-19 for resumption of sport in South Africa: A South African Sports Medicine Association (SASMA) position statement." South African Journal of Sports Medicine 32, no. 1 (June 24, 2020): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2078-516x/2020/v32i1a8454.
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The significant impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID- 19) pandemic has extended to sport with the cessation of nearly all professional and non-professional events globally. Recreational parks and fitness centres have also closed. A challenge remains to get athletes back to participation in the safest way, balancing the protection of their health while curbing the societal transmission of the virus.
With this Position Statement, the South African Sports Medicine Association (SASMA) aims to guide return-to-sport as safely as possible, in an evidence-based manner, given that COVID-19 is a new illness and new information from experts in various fields continues to emerge. Clinical considerations are briefly described, focusing on a return-to-sport strategy, including education, preparation of the environment, risk stratification of sports and participants, and the practical implementation of these guidelines. The management of the potentially exposed or infected athlete is further highlighted.
It is important that persons charged with managing athletes’ return-to-sport in any environment must be up-to-date with local and international trends, transmission rates, regulations and sport-specific rule changes that might develop as sport resumes. Additionally, such information should be applied in a sports-specific manner, considering individual athlete’s and team needs and be consistent with national legislation.
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J, Wilson, Morelli N, Han DY, and Hoch MC. "A - 30 Executive Function in Division-I Collegiate Athletes and Recreationally Active College Students." Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 36, no. 4 (May 21, 2021): 670. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acab035.30.
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Abstract Objective High-level cognitive performance is important for navigating the complex environment of sport. The executive function domain may be of particular importance because it focuses on flexible thinking and self-control. It is unclear if high-level athletes exhibit similar executive function compared to recreational athletes. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare executive function between male and female Division-I collegiate athletes and recreationally active peers. Methods Thirty-seven Division-I athletes (16 females, 21 males) and 30 recreationally active college students (19 females, 11 males) participated. Participants completed the Flanker Inhibitory Control and Attention Test (FICA) and Dimensional Change Card Sort Test (DCCS) from the National Institute of Health Toolbox Cognitive Battery on a tablet to assess cognitive flexibility and attention and inhibitory control, respectively. Demographically-corrected T-scores were used for analysis. Two-way ANOVAs compared cognitive performance based on group and sex (p ≤ 0.05). Results There was a significant group-by-sex interaction for the FICA (p = 0.005). Female recreational athletes (50.68 ± 10.18) demonstrated higher FICA scores compared to female Division-I athletes (40.88 ± 7.35; p = 0.003, ES = 1.06). Male Division-I athletes (48.67 ± 10.39) also exhibited greater scores compared to female Division-I athletes (p = 0.015, ES = 0.83). There was no significant group-by-sex interaction (p = 0.84), group effect (p = 0.35), or sex effect (p = 0.43) for the DCCS. Conclusions Female Division-I athletes demonstrated poorer performance on the FICA compared to male Division-I athletes and recreational female athletes which may indicate a decreased ability to suppress motor responses caused by internal or external distractions. The significance of these findings for mitigating injury risk and improving athletic performance should be explored.
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Rodríguez Díaz, Alvaro. "La inversión en la elite deportiva versus la práctica popular: Europa y España = Investment in sports elite versus popular practice: Europe and Spain." Revista de Humanidades, no. 34 (June 11, 2018): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/rdh.34.2018.19766.
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Resumen: En España, en la primera década del régimen de 1978 las políticas deportivas se implementaron con un fuerte contenidos social, mejorando las instalaciones públicas dentro de un proceso de democratización del deporte. Posteriormente, en los primeros 1990s, Europa liberalizó los mercados y se apostó por invertir en la alta competición, construir grandes estadios y organizar mega-eventos. España potenció esa política y ello permitió el éxito deportivo de muchos atletas españoles que se integraron en la elite mundial. Contradictoriamente, hubo un aumento del ejercicio físico entre la población como recreación y por razones de salud, más que por competir, y que no tenían una oferta pública adecuada para realizar su actividad. Esta necesidad popular no fue resuelta por las políticas deportivas ni en Europa ni en España. La metodología de la investigación se basó en la investigación cuantitativa y el análisis comparativo. Los datos analizados proceden de fuentes oficiales y series históricas.Abstract: In Spain, in the first decade of the 1978 regime, sports policies were implemented with a strong social content, improving public facilities within a of democratization process. Subsequently, in the early 1990s, in an international context of market liberalization, the Spanish governments began investing in high competition, building large stadiums and organizing mega-events. There was a sporting success of many Spanish athletes who were integrated into the world elite. Contradictorily, there was an increase in physical exercise among the population, as recreation and for health reasons, rather than competing. But this popular demand was not resolved by sports policies. The methodology was based in quantitative research and comparative analysis. The data analyzed come from official indirect sources using historical series.
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Kabat-Koperska, Joanna. "Triathlon – is it safe for everybody?" Polish Journal of Sports Medicine 36, no. 4 (December 31, 2020): 153–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.5917.
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Triathlon has become an increasingly popular endurance activity in Poland, particularly among adult recreational athletes. It is connected with healthy lifestyle including such benefits as regular exercise, change in nutrition and, as a consequence, reduction of body mass and better wellbeing. Unfortunately the number of race-related fatalities during triathlon seems to be twice higher comparing to running competition but efficiency of resuscitation significantly lower. The article presents identified cases of race-related deaths occurring during triathlons in Poland between 2014 and 2020. Current regulations in Poland do not protect older recreational athletes from loss of life and health because medical screening before taking part in competition is voluntary, not obligatory. Health professionals should be responsible for education of athletes and informing about an existing danger and importance of medical screening before taking part in competition.
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Martinovic, Dinko, Daria Tokic, Lovre Martinovic, Marino Vilovic, Josip Vrdoljak, Marko Kumric, Josipa Bukic, Tina Ticinovic Kurir, Marino Tavra, and Josko Bozic. "Adherence to Mediterranean Diet and Tendency to Orthorexia Nervosa in Professional Athletes." Nutrients 14, no. 2 (January 6, 2022): 237. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14020237.
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Among many lifestyle components that professional athletes have to follow, nutrition is gradually growing to be one of the key factors for achieving and maintaining optimal sport performance. The Mediterranean diet (MD) is recognized as one of the healthiest dietary patterns worldwide; however, data regarding adherence to the MD among professional athletes are still scarce. Moreover, with the imposed need for a healthy diet among professional athletes, orthorexia nervosa (ON) could become a rising issue. This cross-sectional study included 150 professional athletes and 150 matched recreational athletes from Croatia. Four questionnaires were used for the assessment: general information, a test for the diagnosis of ON (ORTO-15), the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and the Mediterranean Diet Serving Score (MDSS). Significantly more professional athletes were adherent to the MD (p < 0.001) and had a tendency to ON (p < 0.001). Moreover, there was a significant negative correlation between the ORTO-15 score and the total MET min/week score (r = −0.524, p < 0.001) and a significant positive correlation between the MDSS score and the total MET min/week score in the professional athlete group (r = 0.478, p < 0.001). All of these results imply that professional athletes are more concentrated on their dietary patterns than recreational athletes, and that due to this dedication, they possibly have a higher adherence to the MD but also possibly a higher risk for developing ON. However, the association between ON and the MD should be further addressed in the future.
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Reardon, Claudia L. "The Mental Health of Athletes: Recreational to Elite." Current Sports Medicine Reports 20, no. 12 (December 2021): 631–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/jsr.0000000000000916.
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Valovich McLeod, Tamara C., Laura C. Decoster, Keith J. Loud, Lyle J. Micheli, J. Terry Parker, Michelle A. Sandrey, and Christopher White. "National Athletic Trainers' Association Position Statement: Prevention of Pediatric Overuse Injuries." Journal of Athletic Training 46, no. 2 (March 1, 2011): 206–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-46.2.206.
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Abstract Objective: To provide certified athletic trainers, physicians, and other health care professionals with recommendations on best practices for the prevention of overuse sports injuries in pediatric athletes (aged 6–18 years). Background: Participation in sports by the pediatric population has grown tremendously over the years. Although the health benefits of participation in competitive and recreational athletic events are numerous, one adverse consequence is sport-related injury. Overuse or repetitive trauma injuries represent approximately 50% of all pediatric sport-related injuries. It is speculated that more than half of these injuries may be preventable with simple approaches. Recommendations: Recommendations are provided based on current evidence regarding pediatric injury surveillance, identification of risk factors for injury, preparticipation physical examinations, proper supervision and education (coaching and medical), sport alterations, training and conditioning programs, and delayed specialization.
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Gandhi, Manisha, and Honey Thomas. "Symptomatic second-degree atrioventricular block in a recreational athlete." BMJ Case Reports 14, no. 12 (December 2021): e246333. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2021-246333.
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This case study provides an example of bradycardia associated with an increase in exercise training in a recreational athlete. Although recognised among high-level endurance athletes, this case demonstrates the potential negative effects of exercise on the heart in a patient participating in the levels of exercise recommended by Public Health England. It adds weight to the ongoing discussion of the incomplete understanding of the level of exercise needed to induce pathological changes in cardiac physiology. We discuss the investigations that led us to our diagnosis, highlighting the importance of a detailed exercise history in patients who present with palpitations and provide a potential explanation of how this phenomenon may have occurred. Currently, bradycardia induced by exercise has been managed through pacemaker insertion or complete cessation of exercise. This report demonstrates effective treatment through a period of exercise cessation and slow reintroduction of exercise training.
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Garlick, Marko. "Stepping Out of Bounds: The Over-Prosecution of Recreational Athletes in Light of DFSNZ v XYZ." Victoria University of Wellington Law Review 51, no. 1 (June 22, 2020): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/vuwlr.v51i1.6518.
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DFSNZ v XYZ presents a worrying precedent for anti-doping law. That case arose after New Zealand's anti-doping enforcement body, Drug Free Sport New Zealand (DFSNZ), expanded its jurisdiction over recreational athletes. It did so by internal administrative decision and without notice. This action was upheld in DFSNZ v XYZ by a majority of the Sports Tribunal resulting in an unsuspecting recreational golfer being banned for one year. The decision upheld DFSNZ's extension of onerous obligations and invasive testing powers designed for elite athletes to the large proportion of ordinary New Zealanders who partake in recreational sport. This article critiques the XYZ decision on two bases: (a) DFSNZ's illegitimate expansion of its jurisdiction to recreational athletes by mere administrative policy change; and (b) the pitfalls of extending a regime designed for elite athletes to recreational athletes. The World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) has developed a new World Anti-Doping Code which will come into force in January 2021. The 2021 Code creates a new two-tiered system which treats "athletes" and "recreational athletes" differently. This article analyses the new Code and critiques its shortcomings with regards to defining the Code's jurisdiction and ensuring a proportionate response to doping in recreational sport. WADA's new code is a step in the right direction but fails to go far enough to align with the participation, health and education objectives of recreational sport.
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Thuany, Mabliny, Raphael F. de Souza, Lee Hill, João Lino Mesquita, Thomas Rosemann, Beat Knechtle, Sara Pereira, and Thayse Natacha Gomes. "Discriminant Analysis of Anthropometric and Training Variables among Runners of Different Competitive Levels." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 8 (April 16, 2021): 4248. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18084248.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the multivariate profile of different types of Brazilian runners and to identify the discriminant pattern of the distinct types of runners, as a runners’ ability to self-classify well. The sample comprised 1235 Brazilian runners of both sexes (492 women; 743 men), with a mean age of 37.94 ± 9.46 years. Individual characteristics were obtained through an online questionnaire: Sex, age, body height (m) and body mass (kg), socioeconomic status, and training information (i.e., self-classification, practice time, practice motivation, running pace, frequency and training volume/week). Multivariate analysis of variance was conducted by sex and the discriminant analysis was used to identify which among running pace, practice time, body mass index and volume/training could differentiate groups such as “professional athletes”, “amateur athletes” and “recreational athletes”. For both sexes, running pace was the variable that better discriminated the groups, followed by BMI and volume/week. The practice time is not a good indicator to differentiate runner’s types. In both sexes, semi-professional runners were those that better self-classify themselves, with amateur runners presenting the highest classification error. This information can be used to guide the long-term training, athlete’s selection programs, and to identify the strengths and weaknesses of athletes.
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Benedini, Stefano, Elena Dozio, Pietro Luigi Invernizzi, Elena Vianello, Giuseppe Banfi, Ileana Terruzzi, Livio Luzi, and Massimiliano Marco Corsi Romanelli. "Irisin: A Potential Link between Physical Exercise and Metabolism—An Observational Study in Differently Trained Subjects, from Elite Athletes to Sedentary People." Journal of Diabetes Research 2017 (2017): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/1039161.
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We compared irisin levels among groups of differently trained healthy individuals to explore the role of irisin as a physiological linker between exercise and metabolic health. Irisin and biochemical parameters of glucose and lipid metabolism were assessed in 70 healthy volunteers stratified for sport performance level into four groups: (1) 20 elite athletes of national level, (2) 20 subelite athletes of local level, (3) 20 recreational athletes, and (4) 10 sedentary subjects. All biochemical parameters were within the ranges of normality. Fasting glucose, HOMA-IR, and total cholesterol levels were inversely related to the degree of physical activity. HbA1c was higher in elite athletes compared to all the other groups (p<0.01). A U-shaped relation between free fatty acids and the degree of physical activity was observed. All groups showed similar plasma irisin levels. After correction for the degree of insulin resistance (irisin/HOMA-IR), elite athletes showed higher levels compared to sedentary and recreational subjects (p<0.01andp<0.05, resp.). In addition, the number of metabolic parameters correlated with irisin increased at increasing the training status. Our study suggests a correlation between sport performance, insulin sensitivity, and irisin levels. Irisin may be one potential mediator of the beneficial effects of exercise on metabolic profile.
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Madsen, Leif P., Todd A. Evans, Kelli R. Snyder, and Carrie L. Docherty. "Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Physical Function Item Bank, Version 1.0: Physical Function Assessment for Athletic Patient Populations." Journal of Athletic Training 51, no. 9 (September 1, 2016): 727–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-51.11.06.
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Context: The Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) item banks have been validated for general populations, but their application to high-functioning patient populations remains speculative. Objective: To examine the measurement properties of the PROMIS physical function item bank, version 1.0, when applied to individuals representing high levels of physical ability. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I and III collegiate athletic training rooms and intramural events. Patients or Other Participants: A heterogeneous sample of 215 adults from Division I or Division III collegiate or recreational sports volunteered for this study. Participants were divided into 4 groups depending on sport activity and injury status: healthy collegiate (HC; 33 men, 37 women; age = 19.7 ± 1.1 years), injured and currently active in sport (IP; 21 men, 29 women; age = 19.9 ± 1.2 years), injured and currently not active in sport (INP; 12 men, 18 women; age = 19.7 ± 1.3 years), and healthy recreational (HR; 47 men, 18 women; age = 20.1 ± 1.4 years). Main Outcome Measure(s): Participants completed 2 assessments: (1) an injury-history questionnaire and (2) the PROMIS physical function item bank, version 1.0, in computer-adaptive form. Mean PROMIS physical function scores were determined for each group. Results: The PROMIS physical function score for the HC group (61.7 ± 6.0) was higher than for the IP (54.9 ± 7.5) and INP (44.1 ± 8.2) groups (P < .001). The IP group had a higher score than the INP group (P < .001). Mean PROMIS scores were not different between the HC and HR participants (mean difference = 1.9, P = .10). Conclusions: The computer-adaptive PROMIS physical function item bank, version 1.0, accurately distinguished injury status in elite-level athletes on a physical function latent trait continuum. Although it was unable to distinguish HC athletes from HR athletes, exposing a possible ceiling effect, it offers potential for use as an outcome instrument for athletic trainers and other sports medicine clinicians.
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Kuikman, Megan A., Margo Mountjoy, and Jamie F. Burr. "Examining the Relationship between Exercise Dependence, Disordered Eating, and Low Energy Availability." Nutrients 13, no. 8 (July 28, 2021): 2601. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13082601.
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Both dietary and exercise behaviors need to be considered when examining underlying causes of low energy availability (LEA). The study assessed if exercise dependence is independently related to the risk of LEA with consideration of disordered eating and athlete calibre. Via survey response, female (n = 642) and male (n = 257) athletes were categorized by risk of: disordered eating, exercise dependence, disordered eating and exercise dependence, or if not presenting with disordered eating or exercise dependence as controls. Compared to female controls, the likelihood of being at risk of LEA was 2.5 times for female athletes with disordered eating and >5.5 times with combined disordered eating and exercise dependence. Male athletes with disordered eating, with or without exercise dependence, were more likely to report signs and symptoms compared to male controls-including suppression of morning erections (OR = 3.4; p < 0.0001), increased gas and bloating (OR = 4.0–5.2; p < 0.002) and were more likely to report a previous bone stress fracture (OR = 2.4; p = 0.01) and ≥22 missed training days due to overload injuries (OR = 5.7; p = 0.02). For both males and females, in the absence of disordered eating, athletes with exercise dependence were not at an increased risk of LEA or associated health outcomes. Compared to recreational athletes, female and male international caliber and male national calibre athletes were less likely to be classified with disordered eating.
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Kosiewicz, Jerzy. "Western Sport and Spiritualism." Physical Culture and Sport. Studies and Research 62, no. 1 (June 1, 2014): 73–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pcssr-2014-0013.
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Abstract Sport activity of achievement-oriented (professional, Olympic, spectacular character) is first of all exposition of rivalry and striving for variously understood sports success (resulting from measurable or discretionary criteria). It refers to winning a competition or taking another expected place as well as to other forms of satisfaction, such as financial gratification or social (political, ethnic, professional) recognition. Spirituality is here neither an aim, nor an expected value - it constitutes rather an additional or redundant quality. A competitor focuses his/her attention first of all on the main aim assumed in planned or current rivalry. Emotional sensations which are experienced by athletes before, during or after competitions testify to mental and emotional stress which accompanies sports combat. It is also difficult to associate spirituality or spiritualism with sport for all - like, for example, that of health-oriented character - sport of the disabled, physical education, sport of playful character or physical recreation. That difficulty results from the fact that neither spiritualism, nor spirituality inspires for physical activity in the abovementioned fields; neither spiritualism, nor spirituality is the outcome of activity in the realm of sport for all. Exceptions are constituted by ancient Olympic Games as well as by some experiences connected with recreational forms of tourism mediated through achievement-oriented sport (also by pre-Columbian Native American societies and Maoris aboriginal population of New Zealand). For example Hellenic Olympic Games were a highly spiritualized form of sports rivalry - including also rivalry in the field of art, and especially in the field of theatre. They were one of numerous forms of religious cult - of worshipping chosen gods from the Olympic pantheon. On the other hand, during mountain hiking and mountain climbing there can appear manifestations of deepened spirituality characteristic for the object of spiritualization of non-religious, quasi-religious or strictly religious qualities. I would like to explain - at the end of this short abstract - that spiritualism (which should not be confused with spiritism) is - generally speaking - first of all a philosophical term assuming, in ontological and axiological sense, that spiritual reality, self-knowledge, consciousness or mental experiences are components of the human being - components of a higher order having priority over matter. They constitute, in the anthropological context, beings of a higher order than the body. Spiritualism according to its popular interpretation means spirituality. Qualities which are ascribed to that notion in particular societies can be determined on the basis of empirically oriented sociological research. They make it possible to determine various ways of interpreting and understanding that notion as well as views or attitudes connected with it.
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Kosiewicz, Jerzy. "Prolegomena for Considerations on Western Sport and Spiritualism." Physical Culture and Sport. Studies and Research 47, no. 1 (December 1, 2009): 79–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10141-009-0034-9.
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Prolegomena for Considerations on Western Sport and SpiritualismSport activity of achievement-oriented (professional, Olympic, spectacular character) is first of all exposition of rivalry and striving for variously understood sports success (resulting from measurable or discretionary criteria). It refers to winning a competition or taking another expected place as well as to other forms of satisfaction, such as financial gratification or social (political, ethnic, professional) recognition. Spirituality is here neither an aim, nor an expected value — it constitutes rather an additional or redundant quality. A competitor focuses his/her attention first of all on the main aim assumed in planned or current rivalry. Emotional sensations which are experienced by athletes before, during or after competitions testify to mental and emotional stress which accompanies sports combat.It is also difficult to associate spirituality or spiritualism with sport for all — like, for example, that of health-oriented character — sport of the disabled, physical education, sport of playful character or physical recreation. That difficulty results from the fact that neither spiritualism, nor spirituality inspires for physical activity in the abovementioned fields; neither spiritualism, nor spirituality is the outcome of activity in the realm of sport for all.Exceptions are constituted by ancient Olympic Games as well as by some experiences connected with recreational forms of tourism mediated through achievement-oriented sport (also by pre-Columbian Native American societies and Maoris aboriginal population of New Zealand).For example Hellenic Olympic Games were a highly spiritualized form of sports rivalry — including also rivalry in the field of art, and especially in the field of theatre. They were one of numerous forms of religious cult — of worshipping chosen gods from the Olympic pantheon. On the other hand, during mountain hiking and mountain climbing there can appear manifestations of deepened spirituality characteristic for the object of spiritualization of non-religious, quasi-religious or strictly religious qualities.I would like to explain — at the end of this short abstract - that spiritualism (which should not be confused with spiritism) is — generally speaking — first of all a philosophical term assuming, in ontological and axiological sense, that spiritual reality, self-knowledge, consciousness or mental experiences are components of the human being — components of a higher order having priority over matter. They constitute, in the anthropological context, beings of a higher order than the body.Spiritualism according to its popular interpretation means spirituality. Qualities which are ascribed to that notion in particular societies can be determined on the basis of empirically oriented sociological research. They make it possible to determine various ways of interpreting and understanding that notion as well as views or attitudes connected with it.
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Stanek, Justin M. "The Effectiveness of Compression Socks for Athletic Performance and Recovery." Journal of Sport Rehabilitation 26, no. 1 (January 2017): 109–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsr.2015-0048.
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Clinical Scenario:The popularity of compression socks has increased substantially among athletes, particularly those participating in endurance events such as running and triathlon. Companies are increasingly marketing compression stockings to runners, triathletes, and other endurance athletes for the benefits of improved performance and/or decreased recovery time. Originally developed for the treatment of deep-vein thrombosis, compression socks are now marketed as a tool to improve venous return, thus believed to improve both performance and recovery in athletes. The use of compression socks during training aims to help the skeletal-muscle pump, increase deep venous velocity, and/or decrease blood pooling in the calf veins and alleviate delayed-onset muscle soreness. The scenario is a 28-y-old recreational triathlete seeking your advice while training for her first half-Ironman. She occasionally complains of tightness in the calves both during and after running. She wants your opinion on the effectiveness of using compression socks to help her performance and recovery.Focused Clinical Question:What is the effectiveness of using graduated compression socks for improving athletic performance and decreasing recovery time in healthy endurance athletes?
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Smyth, Barry. "Recommender Systems: A Healthy Obsession." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 33 (July 17, 2019): 9790–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v33i01.33019790.
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We propose endurance sports as a rich and novel domain for recommender systems and machine learning research. As sports like marathon running, triathlons, and mountain biking become more and more popular among recreational athletes, there exists a growing opportunity to develop solutions to a number of interesting prediction, classification, and recommendation challenges, to better support the complex training and competition needs of athletes. Such solutions have the potential to improve the health and well-being of large populations of users, by promoting and optimising exercise as part of a productive and healthy lifestyle.
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Tricker, Raymond, and Declan Connolly. "Drug Education and the College Athlete: Evaluation of a Decision-Making Model." Journal of Drug Education 26, no. 2 (June 1996): 159–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/11q1-r721-qtwj-r6a5.
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In general there is a lack of information describing the components and structure of drug education and prevention programs (DEPP) for college student athletes. While concern about the prevalence of drug abuse among college student athletes has increased, a relative lack of clarity remains regarding what elements of drug education prevention programs have been successful or unsuccessful in this setting. In an effort to address this issue at Oregon State University a two-credit ten-week DEPP was implemented as a requirement for all collegiate athletes. This article describes the evaluation of this program. Altogether 635 student athletes from three National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division One universities provided data in this two-year evaluation project. Participants were student athletes from Oregon State University (OSU), a Mid-Western University (MWU), and another Pacific North-Western University (PNWU). Pre- and post-test data were collected regarding knowledge about drugs, attitudes toward drug use, drug use, and decision-making factors. Students at OSU and MWU were enrolled in a structured DEPP, and the third group from PNWU was used as a control and did not receive regular instruction. The baseline data taken before the drug education course indicated that athletes at OSU, MWU, and PNWU were no different in their knowledge of drugs, attitudes toward drugs, or perception of the value of drug education in preventing drug abuse among student athletes. However, the data at the end of the ten-week course revealed many significant improvements among OSU and MWU students athletes, in knowledge, attitude related to performance enhancing drugs and recreational drugs, and perceptions of drug education. At the end of the course 88 percent of the participating OSU athletes agreed that drug education can be effective in preventing drug abuse among student athletes.
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Nemček, Dagmar, Julie Wittmannová, Tarja Javanainen-Levonen, and Wioletta Lubkowska. "Subjective Perception of Life Quality Among Men with Physical Disabilities with Different Sport Participation Level." Acta Facultatis Educationis Physicae Universitatis Comenianae 60, no. 2 (November 1, 2020): 194–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/afepuc-2020-0016.
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SummaryThe objective of the study was to analyse subjective perception of the quality of life (QOL) among men with physical disabilities with different sport participation level throughout quality of life indicators/domains satisfaction and overall QOL. Three groups of men with physical disabilities (n = 130) categorised by the level of sport participation were recruited for the study: elite athletes (n=26), recreational athletes (n = 45) and non-athletes (n = 59). The Subjective Quality of Life Analysis questionnaire and the WHOQOL User Manual were used as a primary research method. The highest subjective perception of life quality declares men elite athletes and the lowest non-athletes. Elite athletes are significantly more satisfied in their lives with domains Physical health/level of independence and Environment, indicators Sleep, Work, Leisure activities, Safety and overall QOL than non-athletes. No significant differences were found in subjective perception of life quality between men recreational athletes and non-athletes.
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Chabaiki, Imen Jalila, Abdessamed Bekadi, and Mohammed Yassine Bechikh. "Sports supplements: use, knowledge, and risks for Algerian athletes." North African Journal of Food and Nutrition Research 4, no. 7 (March 16, 2020): 231–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.51745/najfnr.4.7.231-239.
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Background: In recent years, sports nutrition has become a major part of the athlete’s lifestyle. Even if this field is well considered in several countries, the situation remains deficient in Algeria. Aims: The aim of this primary study in Algeria was to investigate the prevalence of the use of sports supplements among recreational and professional athletes, the health risks associated with this consumption as well as their knowledge and attitudes towards sports supplements. Subjects and Methods: This is a cross-sectional survey carried out in western Algeria on 200 athletes who completed a validated questionnaire on socio-demographical parameters, sports supplementation practices, and knowledge. Results: Of the sample, 100% reported having used at least one type of sports supplements, predominantly gainers (25%), whey protein (20%) and BCAA (20%). The main motivation for this consumption was to increase muscle (59%) mass and improve performance (25%). Retail stores (76%) were the most common sources of SS products. The prevalence of using prohibited substances (doping) was (11%) primarily anabolic steroid (95%). 31% of consumers experienced side effects. The internet was the principal source of information regarding supplementation and the main finding was a gap in knowledge and risk perception of supplement use among 61%. Conclusions: Data reported by this study represent a serious concern about the factual extent of this issue. It would be necessary and appropriate to initiate a targeted prevention strategy to improve the athlete’s knowledge aiming to change their behavior toward the use of sports supplements. Keywords: Sports supplements, Athletes, Algeria, Adverse effects, Knowledge.
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Sinclair, Jonathan, and Paul J. Taylor. "Effects of a Prophylactic Knee Sleeve on Anterior Cruciate Ligament Loading During Sport-Specific Movements." Journal of Sport Rehabilitation 28, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsr.2017-0079.
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Context: Prophylactic knee bracing is extensively utilized in athletic populations to reduce the high risk from knee injuries, but its role in the attenuation of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) pathologies is not well understood. Objective: The aim of this investigation was to explore the effects of a prophylactic knee sleeve on ACL loading parameters linked to the etiology of injury in recreational athletes. Setting: Laboratory. Design: Repeated measures. Participants: Thirteen healthy male recreational athletes. Intervention: Participants performed run, cut, and single-leg hop movements under 2 conditions; prophylactic knee sleeve and no sleeve. Main Outcome Measures: Biomechanical data were captured using an 8-camera 3D motion capture system and a force platform. Peak ACL force, average ACL load rate, and instantaneous ACL load rate were quantified using a musculoskeletal modeling approach. Results: The results showed that both average and instantaneous ACL load rates were significantly reduced when wearing the knee sleeve in the hop (sleeve = 612.45/1286.39 N/kg/s and no sleeve = 743.91/1471.42 N/kg/s) and cut (sleeve = 222.55/1058.02 N/kg/s and no sleeve = 377.38/1183.01 N/kg/s) movements. Conclusions: Given the biomechanical association between ACL loading and the etiology of ACL injuries, it is proposed that athletes may be able to attenuate their risk from injury during cut and hop movements through utilization of a prophylactic knee sleeve.
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Kenyon, Charles, Mark Sederberg, Donald Kasitinon, and Erek Latzka. "Physical Activity And Shoulder Health Behaviors In Recreational Wheelchair Athletes." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 52, no. 7S (July 2020): 294. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000676796.31799.71.
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Finnegan, M., and B. Baugh. "PATELLAR TENDON RUPTURES IN HEALTHY BLACK MALE RECREATIONAL ATHLETES." Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine 6, no. 4 (October 1996): 282. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00042752-199610000-00032.
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