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Sandström, Elin. "REFLECTIONS ON ATHLETE-COACH RELATIONSHIP IN THE COURSE OF ATHLETIC CAREER: ATHLETES’ PERSPECTIVE." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för hälsa och samhälle (HOS), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-19743.
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The objective of this study was to investigate the dynamics in the athlete-coach relationship in the course of athletic career, from the perspective of one individual sport athlete and one team sport athlete. The study tried to answer the following questions: (1) How one team sport athlete and one individual sport athlete perceive the athlete-coach relationships at different stages of the athletic career? (2) How the athlete-coach relationships change in the course of the athletic career from the perspective of a team sport athlete and an individual sport athlete? (3) How athletes perceive the characteristics of their most influential coaches? As theoretical frameworks the 3+1Cs conceptualization of coach-athlete relationship (Jowett, 2007), the multidimensional model of leadership (Chelladurai, 1990), and the developmental model on transitions faced by athletes (Wylleman & Lavallee, 2004) were used. In-depth narrative interviews were used. One team sport athlete and one individual sport athlete that had been active in their sport for at least 10 years were interviewed. Four analyses were made: sjuzet-fabula analysis, holistic-content analysis, categorical-content analysis, and critical narrative analysis. Poetic representations were used to present parts of the results. The results show that the athletes perceive their relationship to their coach differently in different stages of their career. They perceived the athlete-coach relationship as dynamic in structure. Finally their most influential coach could be found in the developmental stage of their career and this coach was important to them in different ways. The results were discussed in relation to theoretical frameworks and previous research.Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka dynamiken i relationen mellan idrottare och tränare under idrottarens karriär detta från en lagidrottare och en individuell idrottares perspektiv. Studien försökte svara på följande frågor: (1). Hur upplever en lagidrottare och en individuell idrottare relationen till tränaren under olika stadier av idrottskarriären? (2.) Hur relationen mellan tränare och idrottare förändras under idrottskarriärens gång ur en lagidrottares och en individuell idrottares perspektiv? (3). Hur upplever idrottarna deras mest inflytelserika tränares egenskaper? Som teoretisktramverk användes 3+1Cs begreppsmässighet av relationen mellan tränare och idrottare (Jowett, 2007), den multidimensionella modellen av ledarskap (Chelladurai, 1990), och utvecklingsmodellen för övergångar upplevda av idrottare (Wylleman & Lavallee, 2004). Djupgående narrativa intervjuer användes. En lagidrottare och en individuell idrottare som varit aktiv i minst 10 år intervjuades. Fyra analyser utfördes: sjuzet-fabula analys, holistisk innehållsanalys, kategorisk innehållsanalys, och kritisk narrativ analys. Poetisk representation användes för att presenterar delar av resultatet. Resultatet visade att idrottarna upplevde deras tränare olika i olika steg i deras karriär. De upplevde relationen mellan idrottare och tränare som dynamisk i sin struktur. Slutligen kunde deras mest inflytelserikaste tränare hittas i utvecklingssteget i deras karriär och tränaren var viktig för dem på olika sätt. Resultaten diskuterades i förhållande till teoretiskt ramverka och tidigare forskning.
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Valbuena, Michele Joan Dalman. "A study of athlete engagement, athlete identity and individualism: Collectivism cultural behaviours among Filipino Athletes compared with US American Athletes." Thesis, Australian Catholic University, 2015. https://acuresearchbank.acu.edu.au/download/183d71286aee9bc543927153bf592a762f7d8254e9459adcbbee0d57884b6eca/1404685/Valbuena_2015_Study_of_athlete_engagement_athlete_identity.pdf.
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The focus of this study is the Filipino athlete, how they engage with their sport and the influence in this process of their cultural background and the way in which they construct their personal identity as athletes. These aspects are further studied in comparison with a sample of their US American counterparts. Athlete Engagement (AE) is a fairly new concept in sport psychology. It has been developed from the concept of employee engagement in industrial/organizational psychology where it was operationalised with the dimensions of vigour, dedication and absorption (Hakanen, Schaufeli & Aloha, 2008). Similar dimensions were explored in the first two research studies on AE by Lonsdale, Hodge and Raedeke (2007) and Lonsdale, Hodge and Jackson (2007). AE has been found to be “a persistent, positive, cognitive-affective experience in sport characterized by confidence, dedication and vigour” (2007, p.451). The first study in the present enquiry surveyed 70 Filipino and 62 US American athletes. AE was explored in relation to the athletic identity and the individualism- collectivism cultural behaviours of these athletes. AE was measured through the use of the Athlete Engagement Questionnaire (AEQ); athletic identity was measured through the Athletic Identity Measurement Scale-Plus (AIMS-Plus); and individualism- collectivism cultural behaviours were measured through the Auckland Individualism Collectivism Scale (AICS). No differences were found between the levels of global AE reported for the two national groups (p=.489). However at the level of the subscales the US sample engaged with greater confidence (p=.014) and dedication (p=.001) whereas the Filipino group engaged with more vigor (p=.023) and enthusiasm (p=.044). There was no difference found between the two groups for their individualist behaviours (p=.236) or the strength of their athletic identities (p=.739). It was therefore concluded on the basis of these findings that, regardless of their national cultural background, athletes were primarily individualistic and had high levels of athletic identity. The second study sought to explore these differences further through the use of qualitative techniques. Following the model applied by Lonsdale, Hodge and Raedeke (2007) with a sample of New Zealand athletes, the Scanlan Collaborative Interview Method was used to gather information from 10 Filipino and 10 US American athletes. It was found that although both samples experienced the same engagement dimensions, their experiences were also strongly influenced by their cultural orientation identified as spirituality' among the Filipinos and 'character' among the US American athletes. Both spirituality and character were initially considered as AE dimensions before being interpreted as moderating variables. The third study examined differences in the way that athletes engage at two different points in the same season, namely before and after a major competition. Filipino (n=26) and US American athletes (n=l 8) from two university elite soccer teams were the subjects. Surveys were conducted two weeks before their major tournament and two weeks following. Two-way ANOVA with level of AE as the dependent variable, showed no main effect for time (p=.990) but a significant main effect for nationality (p=.013). The US athletes reported significantly higher levels of engagement both before and after the competition. There were no interactions observed (p=.243). Stepwise regression analysis showed that for the US American athletes a model with AI as a significant variable (p<.001; p=.013) was able to significantly predict AE both at the pre- competition stage (R square = .554) and at the post- competition stage (R square=.559) . For the Filipino samples a model containing both individualism (p=.001) and collectivism (p=.017) strongly predicted engagement at the pre- competition stage (R square=.637), whereas at the post competition stage a model (R square=.585) containing only the variable AI (p<.000) provided the best prediction of engagement. It was concluded that the explanation for these differences lay in the interaction of national cultural characteristics with the specific socio-environmental circumstances experienced by the athletes themselves. It is concluded from this program of studies that the concept of AI has relevance in enhancing AE even where cultural and socio-economic circumstances might provide obstacles to optimal achievement in sport. As such awareness of this is important for athletes, coaches, trainers and sport psychologists in collectivist cultures as they work together to create and implement training programs for athletes to help them perform at the optimal level.
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Diersen, Brett A. "Student-athlete or athlete-student." Menomonie, WI : University of Wisconsin--Stout, 2005. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2005/2005diersenb.pdf.
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Southwick, Carla. "The Risk of the Female Athlete Triad in Collegiate Athletes and Non-Athletes." DigitalCommons@USU, 2008. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/66.
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Prior research has found the female athlete triad in both female athletes and female non-athletes. This study consisted of 192 female participants attending Utah State University with 103 collegiate athletes and 89 non-athletes. The instruments used included the EAT-26, menstrual cycle history questionnaire, osteoporosis questionnaire, and time spent in exercise questionnaire. Results from the present study found a statistically significant difference between athletes and non-athletes being at risk for the triad with female athletes having a higher percentage (4.8%, 3.4%). No statistical significant correlation was found between the risk of the triad and excessive amounts of time spent in exercise in athletes (r=.113, p=.256) and non-athletes (r=-.041, p=.706). When athletes were divided into lean and non-lean athletes statistical significance was found with non-lean (17.4%) sport athletes (χ²(1,N=103)=83.971, p<.01) having a higher overall percentage of being at risk of the triad compared to the athletes involved in lean (5%) sports.
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Ramsey, Michael W. "Athlete Monitoring." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2013. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/4084.
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Whyte, Megan. "Glycemic Control in a Type I Diabetic Athlete: Recommendations for Athletic Trainers in Management, Athlete Care, and Performance." Scholarly Commons, 2019. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/3605.
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Type I diabetes in athletes is a relatively rare condition and as a certified athletic trainer it is critical to know how to manage all aspects of this disease in an athlete. Current National Athletic Trainers’ Association (NATA) guidelines exist for developing a basic plan for management and care of an athlete with Type I Diabetes, but there is room to improve current guidelines, using evidence-based practice. Purpose: to address: medical management of a type I diabetic athlete as a case study, obtain first person observations from the athlete’s perspective, and provide additional evidence based practice recommendations to athletic trainers based on the findings. Methods: case study narrative with one subject, a 22-year-old male collegiate soccer player was performed. Data were collected via open-ended questionnaire, open-ended interview, and subject’s submission of pertinent medical information and records. Results: The NATA Position Statement on Type I Diabetes and other peer review articles informed this study. While NATA guidelines created a good general baseline for how to approach providing diabetic athlete care; additional recommendations are suggested based on the findings of this case study. These recommendations include: Creating safe pre-participation blood glucose ranges to prevent hypoglycemia during exercise, establishing greater knowledge about the technology the patient uses, what medical supplies the patient should be responsible for versus the athletic trainer, developing a relationship with the patient’s endocrinologist or primary care physician, and administration of insulin by an athletic trainer. These additional suggested recommendations inform athletic trainers to attain a better understanding of how to manage and care for a patient with Type I Diabetes, and increase the likelihood of both streamlining patient care and preventing metabolic crisis.
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Olympiou, Alkistis. "Athletes' perceptions of the motivational climate and the coach-athlete relationship." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2005. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/7816.
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This thesis attempted to develop a clearer understanding of the social environment surrounding the athlete and the coach in the team sport context. To that end, achievement goal theory served as the main framework of the social environment's interpretation and was studied in relation to the newly developed coach-athlete relationship conceptualisation. The representative frameworks and conceptualisations introducing these two concepts were discussed in Chapter II, along with a review of the relevant literature in the domain of sport. Specifically, the association between athletes' perceptions of the motivational climate created by the coach and athletes' perceptions of the coach-athleter elationship in terms of Closeness, Commitment, and Complementarity, was examined in Study 1, which comprised Chapter III. Results from canonical correlational analysis showed that athletes' perceptions of a task-involving motivational climate were positively associated with high scores on the Closeness, Commitment, and Complementarity elements. Athletes' perceptions of an ego-involving climate were negatively associated with the Closeness, Commitment, and Complementarity elements. These associations were studied at one point in time, with a cross-sectional design. The second study, which comprised Chapter IV, extended Study 1, in investigating these associations across a nine-month academic period. Results from the Latent Growth modelling analysis showed that specific aspects of the task- and ego-involving climate and specific elements of the coach-athlete relationship changed linearly across time, whereas other remained stable. Moreover, it was shown that athletes' perceptions of the coach-athlete relationship predicted later change in athletes' perception of ego-involving climate, supporting the association between these constructs across time. The consistent association between perceptions of the motivational climate and the coach-athlete relationship provided the basis for examining their effects on potential cognitive, affective and behavioural outcomes through comparative models, in Study 3, which comprised Chapter V. The third study's unique contribution lies in the examination of the mechanisms through which such effects took place. Results from Structural Equation modelling analysis showed that both, perceptions of the motivational climate and the coach-athlete relationship predicted, through the satisfaction of the basic needs, substantial variation in athletes' motivation, role ambiguity, satisfaction, and performance. Collective results of all the studies, limitations, future directions and implications are discussed in Chapter VI. The intention of this thesis has been to extend past work on the study of the athletic social environment. An amalgamation and incorporation of motivational theories and a relationship conceptualisation was assumed to aid in a better and more holistic understanding of the athletes' experience of the social sporting context.
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Monda, Samantha J. "Smooth transitions the role of athletic identity and life stress in the freshman student-athlete and non-athlete adjustment process /." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2008. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=5738.
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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2008.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vii, 128 p. : col. ill. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references.
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Ramsey, Michael W. "Athlete Monitoring Considerations." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2010. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/4107.
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Akers, Allen (Roy Allen). "Muscular Differences Between Female Power and Endurance Athletes." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1997. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc277604/.
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Matelot, David. "Limites des adaptations cardiovasculaires des sportifs endurants." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REN1B028/document.
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Cette thèse visait à explorer trois limites des adaptations cardiovasculaires des sportifs endurants. Les athlètes endurants bradycardes ont-ils un risque augmenté de présenter des syncopes réflexes et des particularités électrocardiographiques par rapport à leurs homologues non bradycardes ? Commencer un entraînement après 40 ans est-il trop tard pour espérer améliorer sa santé cardiovasculaire ? La fatigue cardiaque retrouvée à l’issue d’efforts longs et intenses chez les coureurs à pied est-elle également induite par des efforts pratiqués essentiellement avec les bras comme le canoë-kayak ou par les efforts pratiqués par les militaires durant leurs stages intensifs ? Tout d’abord, l’étude BRADY suggère que chez des athlètes endurants de même niveau qui diffèrent uniquement par leur FC de repos (44 vs 61 batt.min-1) les bradycardes ne sont pas plus à risque de syncopes réflexes ni de particularités électrocardiographiques que les non bradycardes. L’hypertrophie cardiaque, plus importante chez les bradycardes, pourrait jouer un rôle central dans le développement de la bradycardie du sportif. Deuxièmement, l’étude COSS suggère que commencer un entraînement en endurance après 40 ans n’est pas trop tard pour être en meilleure santé cardiovasculaire à 60 ans. En effet le VO2max, la FC de repos ainsi que la balance sympathovagal ne diffèrent pas chez des seniors de 60 ans ayant commencé à s’entraîner avant 30 ans de chez ceux ayant commencé après 40 ans. Ces indices de la santé cardiovasculaire étaient meilleurs dans ces deux groupes par rapport aux personnes n’ayant jamais suivi un entraînement en endurance. Seul un entraînement initié avant 30 ans semble cependant apporter certains bénéfices vasculaires à l’effort, non retrouvés chez les seniors ayant commencé après 40 ans. Enfin, l’étude FACEFI visait à évaluer les conséquences cardiaques de 3 types d’efforts : 3 semaines d’entraînements intenses en canoë-kayak au pôle France de Cesson-Sévigné, 24h d’un stage d’aguerrissement chez des élèves des Écoles de Saint-Cyr Coëtquidan, et 4 jours d’un stage chez les Commandos de Marine. Seule une partie des résultats obtenus chez les Commandos de Marine a été analysée. Ils indiquent que 3 jours et 3 nuits d’un stage commando, finalisés par une marche forcée de 20 km en portant une charge de 20 kg, ne semblent pas altérer ni les dimensions ni les fonctions cardiaques. La durée relativement faible de l’effort (< 2h45), le très bon niveau d’entraînement des sujets, ainsi que la composante en résistance importante des efforts réalisés, peuvent expliquer ce résultatThis PhD Thesis aimed to answer three limits related to cardiovascular adaptations in endurance athletes. Are bradycardic endurance athletes more at risk of reflex syncope and of ECG abnormalities than their non-bradycardic counterparts? Is 40 years old too late to start endurance training in order to improve cardiovascular health in later life? Cardiac fatigue has been shown after long-term intense running events, but do canoeing or military training induce the same alteration? First, BRADY study showed that endurance-trained bradycardic athletes are not more prone to reflex syncope or ECG abnormalities than their non-bradycardic peers. Our results suggest that cardiac hypertrophy may be, at least in part, responsible for the developement of training-induced bradycardia. Second, COSS study showed that commencing structured endurance training after 40 years of age is powerful enough to induce beneficial alterations in VO2max, resting HR, and autonomic status that match those observed in individuals who commenced training prior to 30 years of age. However, only endurance training commenced before 30 years old provides enhancement of certain vascular adaptations during exercise. Last, preliminary results of FACEFI study showed that a 4-day military selection camp does not lead to cardiac fatigue. The relative short duration of the last exercise (< 2h45), the high level of training of the subjects, and the important strenght- related part of the exercices may explain the lack of cardiac fatigue. Data from 4 weeks of canoeing training and 24h of military training in other groups of athletes are in process
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DeRosa, Christina Michelle. "Screening and Prevention of the Female Athlete Triad in High School Endurance Athletes." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/605120.
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Background: The American College of Sports Medicine defines the female athlete triad (FAT) as interrelated components of energy availability, menstrual function, and bone mineral density. High school athletes have likely not experienced a lengthy duration of exposure to disordered eating, amenorrhea, and low bone density compared to older athletes because of their young age; the purpose for screening and creating awareness is to educate before negative consequences reach full effect later in life and running career. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to screen high school distance runners for awareness and baseline knowledge of the components of FAT. Methods: Four surveys submitted to high school female athletes assessing FAT knowledge, a questionnaire assessing triad risk factors, calcium intake, and demographic information. Results: Significant findings include faster 5k times with a body mass index (BMI) under 18.5 mg/kg², increased calcium intake correlated with positive awareness to the FAT, and a higher FAT knowledge score correlating with triad awareness. Conclusion: The results from this study did not show a relationship between BMI and menstrual history, 5k time and menstrual history, and BMI and calcium intake. All of the athletes' responses indicated having one or more components of the triad. Education of the components of the triad is needed in high schools, and screening should be incorporated into preparticipation health physicals so as to ensure athletes minimize their risks for stress fractures and impaired bone health.
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Walker, Earl Eugene Jr. "Understanding male athlete sexual aggression: "masculinity, sexual aggression, and athletic participation"." Thesis, Boston University, 2003. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/33586.
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Thesis (Ed.D.)--Boston UniversityPLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you.
Sexual victimization is a serious public health issue in the United States, particularly on its college campuses. Several attempts have been made to identify groups at high risks for exhibiting sexually aggressive behaviors. In the same vein, this study examines the relationship between athletic participation and sexual aggression with a focus on wrestlers. The author hypothesized that wrestling participation and athletic participation would be positively correlated with sexual aggression. However, it was also hypothesized that this relationship would be mediated by masculinity (gender role conflict) and masculinity related variables (sexual entitlement and competitiveness). A one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) followed by post hoc tests found no significant difference between Wrestlers and Non-Athletes on levels of sexual aggression at the Q = .05 level. Similarly, no significant differences were found between Other Athletes and Non-Athletes at the same alpha level. However, a near significant difference (Q = .058) was found between Multisport Athletes and Other Athletes. A regression analysis was also conducted, which found sexual entitlement, wrestling participation, and drinking intensity as significant predictors of sexual aggression. However, a partial correlation analysis found no mediating effects between wrestling participation and sexual aggression when sexual entitlement and drinking intensity were held constant. Recommendations for rape prevention programs were made based on these findings.
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Berry, Ruben Dean. "Athletic commodities: The African-American male student-athlete in higher education." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/279889.
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Most of the focus and support given to student-athletes is during the time of eligibility. After the eligibility expires, some of these athletes disconnect themselves from the athletic department and become a mere memory of the past. The myriad of unique challenges facing former student-athletes who have not graduated or retired from sports are well documented. Dexter Manley of the Washington Redskins tearfully told a U.S. Senate panel on illiteracy that despite his four years at Oklahoma State University, he had neither graduated nor learned to read. Kevin Ross, former basketball player who did not graduate, complained on national TV talk shows that he had never learned to read in four years at Creighton University (Byers, 1995). To alleviate some of the problems, I decided to focus my study on the college experiences of African-American student-athletes to better understand the complexities that they encounter during and after their athletic scholarship. The long-term objective is to establish a service oriented, salubrious program for former student athletes once their eligibility expires along with their retirement from sport. After perusing a myriad of reports of the exploitation of student-athletes in the revenue producing sports, the research questions became: Are these accounts typical? Universal? Do most athletes experience exploitation and abuse? African-Americans more than other racial groups? How representative are these commentaries of the actual sports experiences of college sport participants? In this investigation I will focus on African-American college athletes' attitudes, opinions, experiences, and perceptions surrounding exploitation.
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Hunter, Heather L. "Impact of a Student-Athlete Career Preparation Program on Athlete Alumni Affinity." Scholarly Commons, 2020. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/3727.
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Previous research has indicated the majority of athlete alumni do not give charitable donations to their alma mater or athletics department. With over 4 million former National Collegiate Athletic Association student-athletes, these athlete alumni should have an inherent affinity for their athletics department. The purpose of this research study was to examine the relationship between a student-athlete career preparation program (“Career Program”) and athlete alumni affinity for the athletics department. This study uses the theoretical framework of Social Exchange Theory to examine if an athlete alumni’s affinity for their athletics department increases when they receive support for their career launch. The quantitative quasi-experimental study had two groups of athlete alumni, career program varsity athlete alumni and non-career program varsity athlete alumni, who graduated from one large, public university at the Football Championship Subdivision level. The intervention of the Career Program was provided to one group of athlete alumni. An athlete alumni affinity questionnaire was developed and administered to both groups. The questionnaire received a low response rate with 71 respondents. The Pearson chi-squared test did not show a relationship between athlete alumni affinity and the Career Program. There was no statistical difference indicated between the two groups for the five latent variables of (a) career preparedness, (b) communication, (c) connection, (d) student-athlete experience, and (e) undergraduate experience. Two athlete alumni affinity statements did show significance, and they were related to student-athletes developing a LinkedIn profile and professional resume.
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Wildman, Jonathan C. "The athlete leader role : interaction of gender, sport type, and coaching style /." Access full text online:, 2006. http://digital.library.unt.edu/permalink/meta-dc-5486:1.
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Scott, Jonathan Matthew. "Male Endurance Athlete Tetrad." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1343572156.
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Day, Jennifer. "Identifying and Reducing Risk of the Female Athlete Triad in Division 1 Athletes." DigitalCommons@USU, 2016. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/5031.
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Physically active females, or female athletes, are at risk for the condition knownas the female athlete triad (Triad). The Triad is made up of three components that are distinctly separate, but intertwined: consuming inadequate energy for how much they are exercising, poor bone health, and problems with their menstrual periods. When female athletes don’t consume enough energy for how much they exercise, there can be hormonal imbalances, causing the body to conserve energy from some important functions including menstruation, and increased bone turnover resulting in a higher risk of stress fractures and early osteoporosis. Female athletes at risk for the Triad have ahigher risk of being injured, and don’t have the energy that they need to perform physically. To combat the Triad, we performed assessments to see how many female athletes were at risk for the Triad in Division I female athletes, and were surprised at the high number that were at risk for the Triad. We provided nutrition information and interventions aimed to decrease female athlete’s risk for the Triad. We also developed anew, quick method for female athletes, or busy individuals, to track their diet using the video feature on their cell phones. The benefits of providing nutrition information to the female athletes included: increasing their knowledge about the Triad, and things that they could do to prevent the Triad. The interventions did cause behavior change in some female athletes to increase how much energy they were consuming, decreasing their risk for the Triad.
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Manley, Andrew John. "Expectancies and their consequences within the coach-athlete relationship : an athlete-centred investigation." Thesis, University of Chichester, 2009. http://eprints.chi.ac.uk/816/.
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Theoretical models of expectancy processes (e.g., Olson, Roese, & Zanna, 1996) have conceptualised the sources of information by which expectancies of others are formed, and suggest that expectancies have the potential to influence the cognitive, affective, and behavioural responses of both perceivers and targets. The main aim of this thesis was to examine expectancy effects within the coach-athlete relationship from the perspective of the athlete. Specifically, the aims were to examine: a) the sources of information that athletes deem influential when developing expectancies of a coach; b) the cognitive consequences of athletes' expectancies of coaches; c) the affective responses of athletes to initial expectancies of a coach; and d) the behavioural consequences of athletes' expectancies of their coach. In order to achieve these aims, the investigation employed a range of experimental methods including an explorative survey (study one); experimental designs, which involved obtaining athletes' ratings in response to a range of stimuli such as static photographs, written information, and dynamic video footage (studies two and three); and a field-based examination, which was assessed via a combination of notational analysis and questionnaire (study four). The main findings reveal that while static cues (e.g., gender) are deemed relatively unimportant during impression formation, dynamic cues (e.g., facial expressions) and third-party reports (e.g., reputation) are viewed by athletes as influential factors in the formation of expectancies about coaches. Specifically, the findings suggest that athletes' initial expectancies of an unknown coach's competency are influenced by the presentation of reputation information. Although the results show that coach gender also has a significant impact on athletes' expectancies, the effect of gender on athletes' expectancies was not as large as that of reputation information. In addition, reputation information is shown to significantly impact on athletes' positive affective responses to a coach. Finally, the results demonstrate that coach reputation impacts on athletes' attention, effort, and persistence during a training session. Overall, the research presented in this thesis provides support for the use of Olson et al.'s (1996) model of expectancy processes as a theoretical framework for the investigation of expectancy effects within the coach-athlete relationship. The thesis provides initial empirical support for the contention that athletes' expectancies of coaches impact on athletes' cognitive, affective, and behavioural responses. Such findings have important implications for coaching guidelines and the development of effective coach-athlete relationships. The proposal that third-party reports represent an influential source of information with regard to expectancy formation in sport has also received initial support.
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Reed, Jacob P. "Coach and Athlete Perceptions of an Athlete Monitoring and Strength and Conditioning Program." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2014. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2399.
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Purpose: The purpose of this investigation was to assess athlete perceptions of an athlete monitoring program throughout an academic year and coach perceptions throughout a competitive season. The secondary purpose was to develop a questionnaire designed to assess coach and athlete perceptions of the monitoring program. Methods: Athletes and coaches participating in the athlete monitoring program at East Tennessee State University’s (ETSU) Sport Performance Enhancement Consortium (SPEC) were invited to participate. Reliability for the coach and athlete questionnaires and principle components analysis (PCA) of the athlete questionnaire was completed after initial development of the questionnaire (11 questions for athletes and 20 for coaches) in the spring of 2013. To analyze changes throughout the academic year, 4 additional questionnaires were administered at the beginning and end of the fall 2013 and spring 2014 semesters. Results: Both athlete and coach questionnaires were considered reliable (athletes = 0.842, coaches = 0.919). PCA revealed a 3 component model (KMO = 0.798, Bartlett’s test of Sphericity = p < 0.001) with eigenvalues over one explaining 68.88% of total variance. Statistical differences between the pre and all other time points were noted for athlete’s perceptions of the SPEC programs influence on overall performance, skill, strength, speed, power, and understanding of the SPEC monitoring protocols. Coachs’ perceptions were statistically different from pre-to postseason only for skill. Conclusion: The questionnaire was shown reliable and can be considered for future use. The first component of the PCA revealed that perceptions of overall performance are influenced by perceptions of strength, skill, and power and agreement that testing data reflects performance, while the second showed that aerobic and anaerobic endurance as well as speed are all highly correlated and, finally, the third revealed that athletes’ understanding of the SPEC program monitoring increased with return of data. Overall, perceptions of the SPEC programs ability to influence the components assessed by the questionnaire were positive ranging from no different to much better for coaches and athletes. In conclusion, the SPEC athlete monitoring program seems to be a beneficial model for enhancing athletes’ and coaches’ perceptions of certain aspects of performance.
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Gisslén, Sofie, and Elin Sundström. "COMMUNICATION AND HIGH QUALITY COACH-ATHLETE RELATIONSHIP : THE MODERATING ROLE OF ATHLETE ATTACHMENT." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för psykologi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-159658.
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This cross-sectional study presented two aims: 1) to examine whether associations could be found between athletes’ use of communication strategies conflict management, openness and support, and athletes’ perceptions of coach-athlete relationship quality, and 2) to examine whether athletes’ attachment style (secure, anxious-ambivalent or avoidant) would act as a moderator for this association. A sample of 396 athletes (males = 183, females = 210) whose age ranged from 15 to 60 years (mean age = 19.17, SD = 4.59 years). The sample was recruited from a variety of both individual and team sports. In order to participate, athletes responded a questionnaire, online or in paper version. Statistical analyses were performed in IBM SPSS 24 and Amos 24, and by using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). The results confirmed associations between athletes’ use of the selected communication strategies and their perceptions of the coach-athlete relationship quality. Regarding moderating effects, athletes’ attachment style was shown to have a significant moderation effect on a majority of the found associations. Suggestions for future research is to examine more of the communication strategies presented in the COMPASS model, in order to strengthen the model’s practical use. Also, longitudinal studies would complement these findings, as well as qualitative research for a deepened understanding of the communication strategies.Denna tvärsnittsstudie hade två syften: 1) att undersöka om det fanns ett samband mellan idrottares användande av kommunikationsstrategierna konflikthantering, öppenhet och stöd och deras skattning av kvaliteten på relationen till tränaren, samt 2) att undersöka om idrottares anknytningsstil (trygg, ambivalent och undvikande) hade påverkan det sambandet. 396 idrottare (män = 183, kvinnor = 210 ) i åldrarna 15-60 år (medelålder = 19.17, SD = 4.59 år). Urvalet rekryterades från både individ- och lagidrott. För att delta fyllde idrottarna i ett formulär, i webb- eller pappersform. Statistiska analyser utfördes i IBM SPSS och Amos 24, samt genom Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). Resultaten bekräftade samband mellan idrottares användande av de valda kommunikationsstrategierna och deras skattning av kvaliteten på tränar-idrottare-relationen. Idrottarnas anknytningsstil visade sig ha en statistiskt signifikant modererande effekt på de funna sambanden. Förslag för vidare forskning är att undersöka fler av de kommunikationsstrategier som presenteras i COMPASS-modellen, för att kunna stärka modellens praktiska användning. Dessutom skulle longitudinella studier kunna komplettera dessa resultat, liksom kvalitativ forskning för att få en djupare förståelse för kommunikationsstrategierna.
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Newell, Emily Marie. "The International Student-Athlete Transition to College: Identifying Struggles and Suggestions for Support." The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1460977855.
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Hinken, Lindsey Elise. "Correlation Between Female Athlete Screening Tool (FAST) Scores and Biomarkers to Identify Female Athlete Triad Among Collegiate Athletes and to Evaluate the Validity of the Instrument." TopSCHOLAR®, 2018. https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/2331.
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The purpose of this study was to determine if the Female Athlete Screening Tool (FAST) is a valid indicator of the three physical components of Female Athlete Triad (FAT), malnutrition, amenorrhea, and low bone mineral density, and if administration of the FAST can be used as a time- and cost-effective way to identify FAT. Participants completed the FAST, the Menstrual Status Questionnaire, and had a blood sample drawn. Interpretation of the total FAST score placed participants in one of three conditions: normal, subclinical disordered eating, or clinical eating disorder. The presence of the three biomarkers of FAT was determined by participants’ responses on the Menstrual Status Questionnaire and protein analyses of their blood samples, in which plasma Prealbumin and CTx levels were tested. Results indicated that there were not significant differences between total FAST scores of participants in each of the groups for any of the three biomarkers (i.e., low versus normal Prealbumin levels; amenorrhea versus normal menstruation; high versus normal CTx levels). More research is needed before it can be determined if the FAST is an appropriate diagnostic tool for FAT. An overwhelming majority of the sample (79.5%) received total FAST scores that fell in the subclinical disordered eating or clinical eating disorder ranges, which supports previous findings that female athletes are at a high risk of developing disordered eating habits or eating disorders due to their unique characteristics and lifestyles.
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Rennolds, Jessica L. "Impact of an Educational Intervention on Female Athlete Triad Knowledge in Female Collegiate Athletes." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1404942957.
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Hayes, Michelle. "Social Media Usage Among Elite Athletes: An exploration of athlete usage during major events." Thesis, Griffith University, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/389666.
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Social media platforms have proliferated the sport industry. Social media is constantly evolving, with platforms being adopted by many sport stakeholders including sport governing bodies, leagues, teams, sporting events, fans, coaches, managers, and athletes. For athletes, social media have provided new avenues to share personal and professional news, manage their personal image and brand, and develop deeper interactions with fans. However, since the rise of social media, sport stakeholders have debated the extent of athlete social media use at major sport events. The purpose of this research was threefold: (1) to investigate why athletes use social media, the gratifications they receive, and the challenges they experience during a major sport event, (2) explore the elements of social media athletes perceive to be distracting, the practices they undertake to address distractions, and the support they receive from sport organisations, and (3) to examine how national sport organisations manage athlete social media use and their perceptions of social media as a distraction.
To better understand athlete social media use during major sport events, three studies were conducted sequentially. Each study gathered qualitative data, allowing the researcher to delve deeper into the perceptions of athletes and sport administrators.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Dept Tourism, Sport & Hot Mgmt
Griffith Business School
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Bucci, Joseph. "Coaches' perceptions of athlete leadership." Thesis, McGill University, 2011. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=96884.
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Leadership has been cited as a vital component contributing to the achievement, personal satisfaction, and enhanced well being of athletes (Chelladurai & Riemer, 1998; Dupuis, Bloom, & Loughead, 2006). Coaches believe that athlete leadership is a central component to team success, however, the majority of research examining athlete leaders has been generated from the athlete's perspective. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify ice hockey coaches' perceptions of the factors influencing the development of athlete leadership. Semi-structured open-ended interviews were conducted with six high performance ice hockey coaches of 16 to 20 year old athletes. Côté, Salmela, and Russell's (1995) guidelines were used to inductively analyze and interpret the data. Results revealed three higher-order categories, which were called personal experiences and characteristics, daily coach tasks, and athlete leadership. The results provided evidence that coaches had a clear understanding of the qualities they looked for in their leaders, used similar approaches to develop the leadership skills in their athletes, and understood the impact athlete leaders had on their team. Practically, these findings provide coaches, sport administrators, and athletes with new information on how to identify their leaders, cultivate positive relationships with them, and help them develop their leadership skills.Le leadership a été évoqué comme un élément essentiel contribuant au succès, à la satisfaction personnelle et au bien-être des athlètes (Chelladurai & Riemer, 1998; Dupuis, Bloom, & Loughead, 2006). Les entraîneurs croient que le leadership de l'athlète est un élément fondamental au succès de l'équipe, par contre, la majorité des recherches sur les athlètes leaders ont été réalisées du point de vue des athlètes. Donc, le but de cette étude était d'identifier les facteurs qui influençaient le développement du leadership des athlètes selon la perception des entraîneurs de hockey sur glace. Des entrevues ont été menées avec six entraîneurs de hockey sur glace dirigeant des athlètes âgés entre 16 et 20 ans. Les étapes de Côté, Salmela, et Russell (1995) ont été utilisées pour l'analyse inductive et l'interprétation des données. Les résultats ont été classés en trois catégories, les caractéristiques et expériences personnelles, les tâches quotidiennes des entraîneurs et le leadership de l'athlète. Les résultats nous prouvent que les entraîneurs ont une idée bien précise des qualités recherchées auprès de leurs leaders. Ils utilisent des approches similaires pour développer les aptitudes de leadership auprès de leurs athlètes et attribuent beaucoup d'importance à l'impact qu'ont leurs athlètes leaders au sein de l'équipe. D'un point de vue plus pratique, ces résultats peuvent fournir aux futurs entraîneurs, entraîneurs actuels, administrateurs sportifs ou athlètes de nouvelles informations sur la façon d'identifier leurs leaders, d'entretenir une relation positive avec eux et de les aider à développer leur leadership.
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Pierce, Lauren E., and Lauren E. Pierce. "Predicting Performance through Athlete Behavior." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/620962.
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The occurrence of attributions during goal attainment scenarios is important to understand in order to determine how and when individuals tend to process events and make behavioral modifications. In order to study this, a sample of two basketball teams (one male team and one female team) was studied through the course of a season using a standard stimulus, a generalized survey, and game film. According to results of this study, the basketball players in the sample tend to interpret emotions similarly, but process and assign attributions differently based on gender. This process seems to be determined based on field dependence or independence through a difference in relying on the entirety of the proximal context or the abstraction of the event into relevant parts. These findings suggest important interventions for the well-being of players as well as how decision making strategies may be affected by attribution process during play.
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Davis, Tye G. "Exploring motivation through athlete communication." Scholarly Commons, 2013. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/206.
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The current study examined the communication ecology of athlete motivation. Furthermore, gender differences in communication ecologies were evaluated, as were variations in communication tendencies for highly and lowly motivated athletes. Findings suggest that teammates and parents are strong motivators for athletes. Mass media were associated with athlete motivation while social media were not. Gender differences were found with males reporting being more motivated by mass media than females, while females were more strongly motivated by their parents and friends. There were significant differences found in the communication ecologies of highly motivated athletes compared to less motivated athletes. Athletes who were highly motivated communicated more often with interpersonal sources than did less motivated athletes. Implications of the findings and directions for future research are discussed.
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Ramsey, Michael W. "Monitoring Athlete Training and Performance." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/4081.
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Jones, Jeffrey Lamond. "ATTITUDES OF DIVISION I ATHLETES CONCERNING THEIR COLLEGIATE ENVIRONMENT." Available to subscribers only, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1797219851&sid=9&Fmt=2&clientId=1509&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Cummings, Sarah G. "Exploring the Experiences of the Certified Athletic Trainer and the Athlete Post-Surgery." The University of Montana, 2009. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-08212008-110550/.
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Roepke, Nancy Jo. "Psychological interventions used by athletic trainers in the rehabilitation of the injured athlete." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/186288.
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Recent research suggests that psychological techniques may facilitate injured athletes' rehabilitation, yet little is known about the psychological techniques trainers currently employ and how they view these interventions. In this study, 206 athletic trainers assigned Likert scale ratings to 11 psychological techniques indicating how much they valued a specific technique, how skillfully they employed it, and how often they utilized it. Trainers also responded to an open ended question asking how they would deal with the psychological aspects of an injury described in a short scenario. Results revealed a tentative model for the way trainers view psychological techniques. Categories of techniques included techniques involving the modification of physical and psychological states (goal setting, pain management, relaxation, imagery, and breathing techniques), techniques involving verbal cognitive techniques (communicating openly, changing negative self talk, emotional counseling, and crisis counseling), and non-recommended techniques (encouraging heroism and screening negative information). The study explored trainers' perceptions of each of the 11 psychological techniques in depth and discussed these findings. The study found that although trainers highly value psychological interventions in their work with injured athletes, they assigned low ratings to the techniques they knew little about. However, as exposure to sport psychology information increased, ratings assigned to the techniques that modify physical and psychological states also increased. Similarly, the longer trainers had worked in their field, the more highly they valued the verbal cognitive interventions. In contrast, neither exposure to sport psychology information or athletic training experience proved predictive of ratings assigned to the non-recommended psychological techniques. These findings suggest the importance of introducing skills training for psychological techniques early in the athletic trainers' educational curriculum so that trainers can gain awareness of the efficacy of certain psychological techniques and skill at using these techniques. Moreover, trainers could benefit from course work explaining potential negative consequences of employing harmful or ineffectual psychological interventions.
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Christoffer, Sundell. "Athlete-coach and athlete-peer relationship in the junior-to-senior-transition in ice hockey." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för hälsa och välfärd, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-28780.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate two ice hockey players’ relationships with coaches and teammates in the junior-to-senior transition. Several theoretical frameworks were used to plan and carry out the study (Jowett, 2007; Lundell-Olsson & Pehrson, 2013; Stambulova, 2003; Wylleman & Lavallee, 2004). Narrative interviews were conducted with two male elite ice hockey players. The narrative oriented inquiry model was used for guiding the data analysis. The results of the study showed peer climate in the junior team (in the preparation transition phase) to be more important than relationships with coaches. During the orientation phase in the senior team a good welcome from coaches and senior peers was a key for successful adaptation. In the further adaptation and stabilization phases the players earned a trust from coaches and teammates due to their increasing contribution to the team. Strategies to optimize the relationships included; the players’ humble profile, taking more “space” gradually and working hard. The results are discussed in relation to theoretical frameworks and previous research. Suggestions for future research and practical implications are given.Studiens syfte var att undersöka ishockeyspelares relationer med tränare och lagkamrater i junior- till senior övergången. Flera teoretiska ramverk användes för att planera och genomföra studien (Jowett, 2007; Lundell-Olsson & Pehrson, 2013; Stambulova, 2003; Wylleman & Lavallee, 2004). Narrativa intervjuer genomfördes med två stycken manliga ishockeyspelare på elitnivå. Den narrative oriented inquiry modellen användes för guidning och data analys. Resultatet av studien visar att lagsammanhållningen i junior laget (i förberedelse fasen) var viktigare än relationerna med tränarna. Under orienteringsfasen i senior laget var ett varmt välkommande viktigt från tränare och lagkamrater för framgångsrik anpassning. Vidare i anpassnings- och stabiliseringsfasen bidrog spelarna med bra prestationer till laget vilket ledde till ökad tillit från tränare och lagkamrater. Strategier för att förbättra relationer inkluderade: ödmjuk inställning, gradvis ta mer utrymme i laget samt arbeta hårt. Resultaten diskuterades i relation till teoretiska ramverk och tidigare forskning. Förslag på framtida forskning och praktiska implikationer ges.
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Lonsdale, Christopher Sean, and n/a. "Burning out or burning desire? : investigating athlete burnout and engagement in elite New Zealand athletes." University of Otago. School of Physical Education, 2006. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20070220.144258.
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This thesis examined the utility of Self-Determination Theory (SDT; Deci & Ryan, 1985; Ryan & Deci, 2002) as a framework for understanding athlete burnout and its hypothesized opposite - athlete engagement. Athlete burnout was defined as "a psychological syndrome of emotional/physical exhaustion, reduced sense of accomplishment, and sport devaluation" (Raedeke, 1997, p.398). Athlete engagement was defined as a persistent, positive, cognitive-affective experience in sport that is characterized by vigour, dedication, and confidence. Based on the predictions of Vallerand�s (1997; Vallerand & Losier, 1999) motivational model, it was hypothesized that elite New Zealand athletes with higher perceptions of competence, autonomy, and relatedness (i.e., basic psychological needs) would also report more self-determined motives to participate in sport and that individuals with higher self-determined motivation would experience lower athlete burnout and higher athlete engagement. Before testing these hypotheses four preliminary studies were necessary. First, because of the nomadic lifestyles of many elite athletes, it was decided that an online survey delivered via the Internet would be the most appropriate and effective method for collecting data to test the central hypotheses. However, a literature search revealed that no studies in sport psychology had compared online and traditional paper and pencil survey methods and therefore a preliminary study was needed to investigate potential survey format effects. Results of measurement invariance and latent mean structures analyses indicated that there were no differences on the Athlete Burnout Questionnaire for randomly assigned online (n=117) and paper and pencil (n=97) groups. Second, recent research (e.g., Martens & Webber, 2002; Riemer, Fink, & Fitzgerald, 2002) has indicated that the only published measure of behavioural regulations (i.e., motives) in sport (Pelletier, Fortier, Vallerand, Tuson, & Blais, 1995) has psychometric problems. Therefore, it was necessary to develop a reliable and valid measure of behavioural regulations in sport. Following rigorous scale development procedures that included expert review and pilot testing, results from two studies (n=382 and n=343) supported the reliability and validity of this new measure - the Behavioural Regulations in Sport Questionnaire.
Third, while researchers in organizational and educational psychology have examined engagement experiences, no research has investigated athlete engagement. Results of a qualitative inquiry with elite New Zealand athletes (n=15) indicated that vigour, dedication, and confidence were core athlete engagement dimensions. Fourth, items for a quantitative athlete engagement questionnaire were created using operational definitions from the qualitative study and then reviewed by athlete burnout and positive psychology experts. Analysis of data from two samples (n=382 and n=343) supported the reliability and validity of the Athlete Engagement Questionnaire. Results from the final study (n=343) investigating the relationships amongst basic needs, behavioural regulations, burnout, and engagement generally supported the main hypotheses of the thesis. Indeed, athletes with higher perceptions of autonomy and competence reported more self-determined regulations; however, relatedness was not a significant predictor. Athletes� levels of self-determined motivation accounted for substantial portions of variance in athlete burnout symptoms: emotional/physical exhaustion (R�=.13), sport devaluation (R�=.43) and reduced accomplishment (R�=.42). Behavioural regulations were also strong predictors of athlete engagement, accounting for 49% of the variance in vigour, 42% of the variance in dedication, and 30% of the variance in confidence. Implications of these results for researchers and practitioners are discussed. Directions for research concerning SDT, athlete burnout, and athlete engagement are also highlighted.
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Hartline, Kenneth D. "Development of the athlete| A resource manual for clinicians working with elite adolescent male athletes." Thesis, Pepperdine University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3721128.
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Over recent decades, adolescent athletic participation has grown in the United States. The rise in participation means that mental health clinicians who work with adolescents are likely increasingly coming in contact with young athletes facing issues directly related to sports. The issues facing adolescent athletes create additional challenges that should be addressed in treatment to improve overall psychological well-being and to promote healthy development. In order to best meet the general mental health needs of these clients, clinicians need to be aware of the unique stressors and issues they frequently face. A resource manual was created to guide clinicians working with elite male athletes between the ages of 12 and 18 years in order to help them realize the benefits and avoid the adverse consequences that may be associated with elite-level sports participation. The manual was developed to be a resource for mental health clinicians seeking help in understanding the challenges faced by elite-level adolescent male athletes, guidance in identifying therapeutic interventions likely to be effective in addressing those challenges, and clarification of the mental skills training typically conducted by sport psychologists. The manual’s content was informed by both a review of the relevant scholarly literature and by interviews conducted with a former elite adolescent athlete, a sports psychologist, and a mental health clinician who has worked with male adolescent athletes. Following a discussion of some strengths, limitations, and potential modifications to the current manual, plans for evaluating and disseminating it are described.
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Cloete, Carolette. "Respiratory health of the endurance athlete : prevalence of respiratory related conditions/illnesses in endurance athletes." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/18234.
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Includes bibliographical references (pages 97-102).Background: Endurance athletes, in particular triathletes and ultra-distance runners, undergo high volumes of intense training in preparation for events. There is recent epidemiological evidence that the respiratory tract is the most common system affected by illness in athletes during tournaments. Respiratory tract symptoms have also been shown to affect endurance athletes particularly in the post- event period. However, the prevalence of respiratory related illnesses including respiratory tract symptoms, asthma, and allergies in the pre-race period has not been well studied in endurance athletes. Objective: The main aims of this dissertation were 1) to review the existing literature focussing on the epidemiology, pathogenesis, possible aetiology and management of respiratory tract symptoms, asthma and allergies in athletes, and 2) to conduct an investigation to determine the pre-event period prevalence (6 weeks and 1 week before an event) and nature of respiratory tract symptoms, asthma and allergies in Ironman triathletes and ultra-distance runners. Methods: In the first part of the dissertation, a review of the literature pertaining to respiratory tract symptoms and illness was undertaken. In the second part of the dissertation, a cross-sectional descriptive study was undertaken in 441 triathletes entering the 2006 and 2007 Ironman Triathlon, and 152 ultra- distance runners in the 2009 Two Oceans Ultra-marathon. In the 1 to 3 days before the race (registration period), participants were requested to complete a validated pre-event medical questionnaire containing sections on demographics, training and previous competition, common medical conditions and detailed sections on respiratory symptoms in the 6 weeks and 1 week period before the race, as well as asthma and allergies experienced. Respiratory symptoms were divided into upper respiratory tract symptoms (URTS), lower respiratory tract symptoms (LRTS) and systemic symptoms (SS). All data obtained regarding these respiratory related illnesses were compared between the triathlete group and the ultra- distance runners. Results: The main findings in the experimental section of the dissertation were that 1) triathletes trained significantly more hours in the 6 weeks and 1 week before an event than ultra-distance runners, 2) the period prevalence (6 weeks before the race) of respiratory tract symptoms was 50% of triathletes and 35% of ultra-distance runners, 3) upper respiratory tract symptoms and particularly nasal symptoms (nasal congestion and rhinorrhoea) were significantly more common in triathletes (21 to 27%) in comparison with ultra-distance runners (12 to 17%), 4) systemic symptoms (especially pyrexia) were significantly more common in ultra-distance runners in the 1 week before an event (9.2 vs. 2.4%), 5) the point prevalence of self-reported asthma was low in both study groups (ultra-distance runners 3.4% and triathletes 8.3%) although symptoms of dry cough, wheezing, shortness of breath and "tight" chest were reported by 25 to 80% of athletes in both study populations, 6) in most cases the diagnosis of asthma was made by means of history taking and a physical examination by a physician, 7) majority of triathletes used beta 2-agonists only as the treatment of choice for asthma symptoms, while ultra-distance runners used combinations of corticosteroids and beta 2-agonist inhalers as first line treatment, 8) allergies were reported by 34% of triathletes and 22.3% of ultra-distance runners, 9) most allergic symptoms in both study groups were confined to the upper respiratory tract with hay fever ranging from 77 to 83% and sinusitis 55 to 64.2%, and 10) the most common medication used for allergies by triathletes and ultra- distance runners, were anti-histamine tablets. Conclusion: There is a high period prevalence of respiratory symptoms in triathletes and ultra-distance runners in the 6 weeks before an endurance event. Triathletes had a significantly higher prevalence of upper respiratory tract symptoms (especially nasal symptoms) in comparison to ultra-distance runners, which might be related to allergies and a higher training volume. There also appears to be a lack in proper diagnostic evaluation of asthma in these endurance athletes with suboptimal and improper treatment of asthma and allergies. Approximately 10% of ultra-distance runners had systemic symptoms in the week before the event, indicating a lack of athlete education on possible risks of exercising with a systemic illness.
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Layne, Andrew S., W. Guy Hornsby, D. E. Corriher, H. B. Nowell, Margaret E. Stone, Michael W. Ramsey, and Michael H. Stone. "Long Term Athlete Monitoring: Changes in Isometric Strength and Explosiveness in Division I NCAA Athletes." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2009. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/4109.
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Åslund, Pierre. "Utforskandet av relationen mellan idrottsrelaterad utbrändhet och tränare- aktiv relationen bland idrottsgymnasieelever." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Hälsoakademin, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-21465.
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Att samtidigt göra en satsning på sin idrott och skolan ställer krav på individen. Dessa krav kan leda till idrottsrelaterad utbrändhet. Att hitta faktorer som påverkar idrottsrelaterad utbrändhet är viktigt för att kunna förebygga och förhindra problemet. Många olika faktorer har visat sig påverka och en faktor som behöver undersökas noggrannare är den sociala faktorn. En sådan social faktor är tränare- aktiv relationen. Syftet var att undersöka om det finns något samband mellan symptom av idrottsrelaterad utbrändhet och den upplevda kvalitén på tränare- aktiv relationen. En enkätundersökning genomfördes av 107 idrottsgymnasieelever (34 tjejer och 73 killar) i åldrarna 15-18 år. Idrottsrelaterad utbrändhet visade sig vara negativt korrelerat med tränare- aktiv relationen. Underkategorin Complementary visade sig vara den som visade starkast samband med idrottsrelaterad utbrändhet. 16 procent av eleverna på skolan upplevde höga symtom. Instruktörer på skolan bör fundera igenom deras relationer med eleverna och hur dessa kan förbättras för att reducera problemet. Idrottsgymnasier borde fundera kring både hur kraven både inom skolan och inom elevernas respektive idrott ser ut under de tre gymnasieåren.
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Wildman, Jonathan C. Jr. "The Athlete Leader Role: Interaction of Gender, Sport Type, and Coaching Style." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2006. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5486/.
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Effective leadership is a concept shown to be important for successful team performance in the fields of business, education, and sport. In sport, the role of the athlete leader has been under-examined and specifically, how coaching behaviors can affect athlete leader behaviors and how various leadership models (e.g., trait, behavioral, situational) relate to the athlete leader role has never been studied. The present study examined how autocratic, democratic, and collaborative coaching styles affect the athlete leader behavior preferences of athletes of different genders and sport types. Three coach scenarios reflecting the three aforementioned coaching styles were created so that athletes could imagine that they were coached by the individual presented in the scenario and then rate what type of athlete leader behaviors that they would prefer given the style of the coach that they read about. Results showed that the coach scenarios failed to have a significant impact; however, significant differences were discovered between men and women and between individual and team sport athletes on variables measuring preferred performance/task, relationship, motivation, and representation behaviors. Data were gathered on the style of athletes' current coach and this variable also produced significant differences for such behaviors as resolving conflict, providing positive reinforcement, and acting respectfully towards others. In addition, exploratory analyses showed that athletes who hold different leadership positions prefer different athlete leader behaviors. The current study seemed to offer concrete evidence on how coaching style can affect athlete leader preferences and how the athlete leader role can be explained by trait, behavioral, and situational leadership theories; however, future studies will have to further explore the impact that a coach's style can have on the behavior of athlete leaders as well as analyzing the relationship between athlete leaders and teammates utilizing the transformational leadership approach.
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Albinson, Courtney Brooks. "Athletic Trainers and Psychological Disorders Among Athletes: An Examination of Their Abilities to Recognize, Diagnose and Intervene." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2006. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5483/.
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Utilizing an analogue research design conducted via the Internet, this study assessed athletic trainers' abilities to recognize, diagnose, and intervene with a hypothetical athlete experiencing depression, and examined the impact of their gender, athlete gender, and athlete's presenting problem on their decisions. Athletic trainers' perceived competency in using psychosocial interventions with athletes, history of referring athletes to psychology professionals, and training backgrounds in psychology also were examined. Participants (270 male and 370 female certified athletic trainers) were randomly assigned to one of six conditions (Athlete Gender X Presenting Problem). After reading the appropriate vignette, they completed questions related to the athlete's psychological symptoms and diagnosis, referral recommendations, and use of psychosocial interventions if working with the athlete. The vignettes were identical except for the athlete's gender and problem. Overall, athletic trainers accurately identified the athlete's depressive symptoms/diagnosis and need for psychological referral. They rated the athlete significantly higher in Depressive Symptoms than in Anger/Agitation Symptoms and Compulsive Behavioral Symptoms, and as more likely to be experiencing a depressive disorder compared to an adjustment disorder, anxiety disorder, sleep disorder, or substance abuse disorder. Female athletic trainers provided significantly higher ratings of Depressive Symptoms than males and the injured athlete was rated significantly higher in Anger/Agitation than the performance problem athlete. Diagnosis ratings were not influenced by athlete gender, athletic trainer gender, or type of problem. Athletic trainers were most likely to refer the athlete to a psychology professional compared to an allied health professional, treating the athlete themselves, or doing nothing. Presenting problem significantly impacted referral recommendations. If treating the athlete themselves, athletic trainers were significantly more likely to use supportive interventions than cognitive-behavioral techniques; they felt significantly more competent in providing supportive interventions. Competency in both interventions was significantly enhanced if athletic trainers completed psychology coursework. Findings suggest that athletic trainers are able to accurately identify and intervene with athletes experiencing psychological problems.
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Haikarainen, Jennica, and Tove Stenberg. "The role of teammate burnout on athlete burnout: The mediating effect of coach-athlete relationship quality." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för psykologi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-148306.
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Within organizational psychology, previous research has shown that there is a relationship between burnout on team-level and individual team members’ burnout, but little is known if this contagiousness of burnout is also relevant within sport contexts. Therefore, the first aim of the present study was to examine the effect of perceived teammate burnout on athletes perceptions of their own burnout. Furthermore, previous research has suggested that highquality coach-athlete relationship has several positive outcomes for the athlete. Recently, researchers have found evidence that a high-quality coach-athlete relationship is linked with less symptoms of burnout in athletes. Therefore, the second aim was to investigate whether a high-quality coach-athlete relationship can mediate the relationship between perceived teammate burnout and individual burnout. Male and female athletes (N=102) performing five different competitive team sports at different levels participated in a cross-sectional study and completed questionnaires measuring individual athlete burnout, perceptions of teammates’ burnout and the quality of perceived coach-athlete relationship. The mediation regression analysis showed that the regression between perceived teammate burnout and individual burnout was significant. No mediation effect of quality of coach-athlete relationship was found when applying a Sobel test. The findings support the preliminary research on burnout contagiousness within the field of sport and to further examine the relationship between quality of coach-athlete relationship and athlete burnout more research is encouraged.Inom organisationspsykologi har tidigare forskning visat att det finns en relation mellan utbrändhet på gruppnivå och individuell gruppmedlems utbrändhet, men det finns lite forskning om denna smittsamhet av utbrändhet också gäller inom idrottssammanhang. Därav var första syftet med föreliggande studie att undersöka effekten av upplevelsen av lagkamraters utbrändhet på idrottarens upplevelse av egen utbrändhet. Forskning har vidare visat att en högkvalitativ tränare-idrottare relation har flera positiva utfall för idrottaren. Nyligen har forskare funnit bevis att en högkvalitativ tränare-idrottare relation är kopplat till mindre symtom av utbrändhet hos idrottare. Därmed var andra syftet att undersöka huruvida en högkvalitativ tränare-idrottare relation kan mediera relationen mellan upplevelsen av utbrändhet hos lagkamrater och individuell utbrändhet. Manliga och kvinnliga idrottare (N = 102) från fem olika tävlande lagsporter på olika nivåer deltog i tvärsnittsstudien. De fick fylla i frågeformulärer som avser mäta individuell utbrändhet, upplevelsen av lagkamraters utbrändhet och kvalitén på den upplevda tränare-idrottare relationen. Mediator- och regressionsanalyser visade att regressionen mellan upplevelsen av lagkamraters utbrändhet och individuell utbrändhet var signifikant. Ingen medierande effekt av kvalitén på den upplevda tränare-idrottare relationen hittades med Sobel-test. Resultaten stödjer den preliminära forskning om smittsamhet av utbrändhet inom idrott och att ytterligare undersöka relationen mellan kvalitén på den upplevda tränare-idrottare relationen och individuell utbrändhet uppmuntras.
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Gentles, Jeremy A. "Long-term Athlete Monitoring in High School." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2013. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/3977.
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Bruzina, Angela S. "Bearcats in the Kitchen: A Food Lab-Based Cooking Intervention for Female Athletes." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1504781702101616.
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Wieczorek, Mary H. "The certified athletic trainer’s preparedness dealing with psychological issues of the collegiate student-athlete." Kansas State University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/13666.
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Master of ScienceDepartment of Special Education, Counseling and Student Affairs
Fred Bradley
The purpose of this report is to review available literature that identifies various psychological issues collegiate student-athletes may face and how medical professionals, specifically certified athletic trainers (ATCs), are prepared to manage these psychological issues. Considering ATCs are in constant interaction with student-athletes in comparison to other medical professionals it is crucial that research is being completed to make sure athletic trainers are properly caring for student-athlete and acting quickly and appropriately to psychological issues. This report will review research on psychological aspects encountered by athletic trainers in contact with student-athletes, and; furthermore, the ATCs sense of comfort and competence in working with these issues. Questions may arise such as how well the ATC is able to assess the psychological issues and know when to assist or refer these matters, issues which may include training, competence, expectations, and ethical practice. Finally, the review of the research and literature in this area will lead to suggestions and implications for further research and continued understanding of the ATCs role in the psychological aspects of their work with student athletes.
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Harris, Laura L. "Psychological impact of injury : changes in athletic training students' perceptions of the collegiate athlete /." The Ohio State University, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1302016507.
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Albouza, Youssef. "Le système des valeurs des athlètes et leur rôle dans la régulation de leur agressivité lors des pratiques sportives compétitives." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO10098/document.
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Cette thèse a pour objet d'étudier les conduites agressives en analysant comment celles-ci s'intègrent ou non dans un système global de valeurs mis en œuvre par chaque individu en fonction de son éducation et de sa personnalité. La question est donc de savoir quels peuvent être les facteurs favorisant l'émergence de réponses agressives chez l'athlète en fonction de différents paramètres, tels que le sexe, le type de pratique, les réactions aux décisions de l'arbitre, les comportements socio-moteurs, les capacités de résistance à la frustration ou à la provocation. Il s'agit d'arriver à expliquer comment le système de valeurs des athlètes peut avoir ou non une influence directe et indirecte sur leurs conduites agressives à travers des mécanismes sociocognitifs d'autorégulation à identifier. Dans ce cadre, cinq études empiriques ont été réalisées chez plus de 1393 compétiteurs. Les résultats principaux de ces différentes enquêtes : 1) Confirment la validité de la théorie des valeurs de base (Schwartz, 1992) dans le domaine sportif ; 2) Proposent un nouveau Questionnaire des Valeurs Sportives de l'Athlète (QVSA) ; 3) Mettent en évidence que les valeurs des athlètes peuvent exercer un double impact (négatif ou positif) sur les conduites agressives à travers différents mécanismes sociocognitifs. Ces études concluent que plus l'athlète valorise des valeurs telles que les Respect des règles, la bienveillance, et le plaisir, plus il pacifie ou inhibe ses conduites agressives. Au contraire, si l'athlète valorise des valeurs fondées sur l'affirmation d'un statut social, ou l'exercice d'un pouvoir, plus il aura tendance à exprimer son agressivité et moins elle sera acceptable selon les règles de jeuThis thesis aims to study aggressive behavior by analyzing how they fit or not in a global value system implemented by each individual according to on his or her education and personality. Thus, the question is to study what are the factors that can lead to the emergence of aggressive responses of the athlete according to different parameters such as sex, type of practice, reactions to the referee's decisions, socio motor behavior, and resilience to frustration or provocation. The aim is to explain who the athlete’s system of values may or may not have a direct and indirect influence on their aggressive behavior through sociocognitive self-regulatory mechanisms which well be identified. In this context, five empirical studies have been conducted about more than 1,393 competitors. The main results of these surveys : 1) Confirm the validity of the theory of basic values (Schwartz, 1992) in the sports field ; 2) Propose a new athlete’s sports values questionnaire (QVSA) ; 3) Make it clear that the values of the athletes can have a double impact (negative or positive) on aggressive behavior across different socio-cognitive mechanisms. These studies conclude that the more athlete promote values such as Respect the rules, Benevolence and Enjoyment, more pacifies or inhibits his or her aggressive behavior. On the contrary, if the athlete values based on the assertion of social status, or the exercise of power, his or her more likely to express aggression, which will be all the less acceptable according to the rules of the game
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Roberts, Iain Joseph Martin. "Skeleton bobsleigh mechanics : athlete-sled interaction." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/7600.
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Skeleton is one of the three Olympic sporting disciplines to be held in the manmade bobsleigh tracks. The sport of skeleton uses a one-man sled, on which the athlete travels headfirst down a mile long track reaching speeds of up to 147 km/h. As with many sports the engineering of the equipment is playing a greater role in the overall performance of the athlete. Although the sled alone cannot win medals a poor choice of equipment can be the difference between winning and losing. The primary focus of this research is on the trajectory and response of the sled frame and how these relate to athlete perception during a descent and overall performance. Sleds were instrumented with accelerometers and strain gauges that enabled the mechanical behaviour of the sled to be determined quantitatively. Qualitative data comprised of athlete training logs (mainly from the author), provided information about the feel and perception of the run. Tests were made on whole tracks, dedicated push-tracks and in the laboratory. In addition this PhD has touched on aerodynamics and runner-ice interaction. The thesis is split into three main sections: (1) The initial push phase of a descent was investigated at the Torino Sliding Centre and Calgary Olympic Park with a sled instrumented with an accelerometer. Using a single axis in the forwards direction of the sled determined the sensitivity of the measuring and acquisition device along with the capabilities and quality of information gained. Through analysis it is possible to identify the dynamics that occur during a push start and how to interpret them in order to improve athlete performance during the push start. (2) A whole descent at the Koenigssee International Race Track was measured using a three axis accelerometer. The dynamics at specific track locations were examined in detail and linked with athlete perception. Comparison of multiple descents enables the sled trajectory to be quantified to determine the overall success of the resultant trajectory. This analysis shows there is scope for maximizing athletic performance in conjunction with quantitative instrumentation of the equipment. (3) Complete descents at the Lake Placid Olympic Park were made on a sled instrumented with rosettes of strain gauges. The strain gauges were calibrated in the laboratory. Analysis of strain gauge data from the track showed the extent of deformation of the frame upon entering and exiting curves and while under the g-forces experienced, again this data is compared with athlete perception. Consideration is briefly given as to how these dynamic measurements can be used to evaluate current and future frame designs.
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Wang, Guan. "Genetic studies of elite athlete status." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2013. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/4597/.
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In the past decade, limited progress has been made in identifying genetic associations with performance and health-related fitness phenotypes due to the use primarily of the traditional candidate-gene approach involving small sample sizes and few coordinated research efforts. Much of the genetic data relating to human performance has been generated while exploring the aetiology of lifestyle-related disorders such as obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). As of 2008, over 200 autosomal gene entries and quantitative trait loci have been reported to be significantly associated with performance and health-related fitness. However, most genetic findings to date have been inconclusive due to studies employing relatively small sample sizes and predominantly single-gene approaches which are especially prone to type I errors. It is widely accepted that there will be many genes involved in sporting performance and health-related fitness phenotypes, and hence it is timely that genetic research has moved to the genomics era with the use of a genome-wide approach (e.g. genotyping a large number of variants simultaneously across the entire human genome) in a well-phenotyped, large cohort. This thesis summarizes the recent findings of genetic predisposition to elite human performance by using the conventional candidate-gene approach as well as the unbiased genome-wide approach (i.e. genome-wide association studies, GWASs). The current candidate gene study focused on investigating whether polymorphisms in the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and α-actinin-3 (ACTN3) genes are associated with elite swimmer status (stratified by swimming distance) in Caucasians and East Asians. ACE I/D and ACTN3 p.R577X polymorphisms were genotyped for 200 elite Caucasian swimmers (short and middle distance, ≤ 400 m, n = 130; long distance, > 400 m, n = 70) and 326 elite Japanese and Taiwanese swimmers (short distance, ≤ 100 m, n = 166; middle distance, 200–400 m, n = 160). Logistic regression and multiple-testing adjustment were applied to test for these genetic associations. ACE I/D was found to be associated with swimmer status in Caucasians, with the D allele being overrepresented in short-and-middle-distance swimmers with the largest effect being observed for the I-allele-dominant model (odds ratio = 1.90; logistic regression p = 0.001; permutation test p = 0.0005). In East Asians, however, the I allele was overrepresented in the short-distance swimmer group under the D-allele-dominant model (odds ratio = 1.52; logistic regression p = 0.012; permutation test p = 0.0098). The ACE I/D association findings in the elite swimmer cohorts showed that different risk alleles responsible for the associations were observed in swimmers of different ethnicities. ACTN3 p.R577X was not statistically significantly associated with swimmer status in either Caucasian or East Asian population. The lack of associations between the functional ACTN3 p.R577X polymorphism and elite swimmer status in both cohorts were in contrast to many associations with power-/sprint- performance in other sports previously reported. Since current sample size is relatively modest, larger studies will be required to further confirm these results, which, however, have highlighted that it is probable that the genes studied here are not the resulting variants responsible for the phenotypes of interest, despite the associations reported by previous candidate-gene studies in other sports. The present GWAS were conducted in an attempt to identify common polymorphisms associated with elite sprint and endurance status in Jamaicans, African-Americans and Japanese, respectively. These unique athlete cohorts comprised of athletes of the highest standard including world record holders, world champions, Olympians and winners of other international events. Following exclusion of individuals and markers failing the quality control filters, 609,801 autosomal SNPs in 88 Jamaican sprint athletes and 87 Jamaican controls, 637,991 autosomal SNPs in 79 African-American sprint athletes and 391 African-American controls, and 541,179 autosomal SNPs in 114 Japanese athletes (including 60 endurance and 54 sprint athletes) and 116 Japanese controls, were available for association analyses. 17, 7, 36 and 21 SNPs were associated with elite athlete status at a p < 0.00005 threshold of significance in elite Jamaican sprint, African-American sprint, Japanese sprint and Japanese endurance GWAS sets, respectively. Meta-analyses were performed for SNPs with unadjusted association p < 0.00005 across the sprint GWAS sample sets (i.e. Jamaican sprint, African-American sprint, Japanese sprint GWAS cohorts), using the fixed-effects model. The top 17 SNPs (unadjusted p < 0.00005) from the Jamaican sprint cohort were extracted from the association results of African-American sprint, Japanese sprint cohorts, respectively, for the combined effects to be calculated using a meta-analysis method. The same procedure was also applied to the top hits in African-American and Japanese cohorts. The combined odds ratio for the top meta-analysis hit was 2.61 (p = 0.000000466) with the allele G associated with elite sprint status in Jamaicans, African-Americans and Japanese. Although meta-analysis has increased the sample size and power to detect associations in the current GWAS, independent replication of these associations followed by functional studies of replicated SNPs are required. The results of the association studies presented here are the very first positive findings from GWAS involving world-class athletes and these encouraging findings provide further evidence of the importance of genetic predisposition to elite human performance. GWAS of athletes of the highest performance caliber as well as the application of meta-analysis across several initial GWASs seemed to help to circumvent the need for very large cohort of elite athletes and increase the study power. Nevertheless, future GWAS involving large well-funded collaborations using larger cohorts of elite athletes will be necessary in order to explore further the genetic architecture underlying elite human performance. Such initiatives may also allow gene x gene and gene x environment interactions to be explored to some extent, as well as the predictive utility of this genomic research.
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Lewis, Marc Theron. "Athlete Monitoring in American Collegiate Football." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/102738.
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American football is one of the most popular sports in the United States. However, in comparison to other mainstream sports such as soccer and rugby, there is limited literature using scientific principles and theory to examine the most appropriate ways to monitor the sport. This serves as a barrier to American football practitioners in their development and implementation of evidence-based sport preparation programs. Therefore, the primary aim of this line of research (i.e., dissertation) is to illustrate the efficacy of commonly used athlete monitoring tools within the sport of American collegiate football, while proposing a systematic framework to guide the development of an athlete monitoring program. This aim was achieved through a series of studies with the following objectives: 1) to quantify the physical demands of American collegiate football practice by creating physiological movement profiles through the use of integrated microtechnology metrics and heart rate indices, 2) to determine the positional differences in the physical practice demands of American collegiate football athletes, 3) to examine which integrated microtechnology metrics might be used to most efficiently monitor the training load of American collegiate football athletes, 4) to demonstrate the suitability of using the countermovement jump (CMJ) to assess training adaptations in American collegiate football athletes through examining weekly changes in CMJ performance over the course of two 4-week periodized training blocks (8 weeks total), and 5) to examine the effect of acute fatigue on CMJ performance in American football athletes. The first study from this line of research quantified the physical demands of American collegiate football by position groups and found significant differences in both running based and non-running based training load metrics. In addition, the first study utilized a principal component analysis to determine 5 'principal' components that explain approximately 81% of the variance within the data. The second study utilized a univariate analysis and found significant changes in CMJ performance due the effect of time with significant improvements in CMJ 'strategy' variables over the training period. Finally, the third study used effects sizes to illustrate a larger magnitude of change in CMJ 'strategy' variables than CMJ 'output' variables due to effect of acute fatigue. Results from studies 2 and 3 suggest the importance of monitoring CMJ strategy variables when monitoring training adaptations and fatigue in American collegiate football athletes. This line of research provides practitioners with a systematic framework through which they can develop and implement evidence-based sport preparation programs within their own organizational context. In addition, this line of research provides practitioners with recommendations for which metrics to monitor when tracking training load in American collegiate football using integrated microtechnology. Finally, this line of research demonstrates how to assess training adaptations and fatigue using the CMJ within the sport of American collegiate football, while providing an empirical base through which the selection of CMJ variables can take place. Collectively, this line of research uses scientific principles and theory to extend the current literature in American collegiate football, while providing practitioners with a guide to athlete monitoring within the sport.Doctor of Philosophy
American football is one the most popular sports in the United States. Despite its popularity, there is limited research using scientific principles and theories to examine ways to most effectively monitor the sport. Broadly, athlete monitoring refers to the process of providing informational feedback from the athlete to practitioners. This allows practitioners to make decisions informed by data. Therefore, this line of research (i.e. dissertation) aimed to use a variety of commonly used athlete monitoring tools to monitor American collegiate football athletes, while proposing a framework to guide in the development of an athlete monitoring program. This line of research consisted of a series of 3 studies. In study #1, it was found that integrated microtechnology units and heart rate sensors could be used to determine the physical demands of American collegiate football practice, as well as differences in the physical demands of practice by position group. In addition, a set of 5 training load constructs were found through which training load in American collegiate football athletes may be appropriately monitored. In study #2, it was found that countermovement jump (CMJ) strategy variables indicating how the jump occurred may provide more insight into strength and power training adaptations than CMJ output variables that indicate what occurred as a result of the jump in this highly trained athletic population. Finally, in study #3, it was found that CMJ strategy variables may be more sensitive to acute fatigue from a football-specific training session than CMJ output variables in American collegiate football athletes. Collectively, this research suggest that integrated microtechnology units, heart rate sensors, and the CMJ using a force testing platform may be used to monitor American collegiate football athletes. Moreover, this research suggests which variables to utilize when monitoring this population using these tools through the proposed athlete monitoring framework.
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Riemer, Harold Albert. "Development of the Athlete Satisfaction Questionnaire /." The Ohio State University, 1995. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487864986608487.
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