Journal articles on the topic 'Athlete Injury Prevention'
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Bonell Monsonís, Oriol, Evert Verhagen, Jean-Francois Kaux, and Caroline Bolling. "‘I always considered I needed injury prevention to become an elite athlete’: the road to the Olympics from the athlete and staff perspective." BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine 7, no. 4 (December 2021): e001217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2021-001217.
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In this study, we explored the perspectives about sports injury prevention of Belgium Olympic level athletes, coaches, managers and healthcare providers from various Olympic sports. We conducted a qualitative study, including 17 semistructured interviews. All interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed by two independent coders through constant comparative data analysis based on Grounded Theory principles. Our findings overview the athlete’s journey to becoming an elite athlete, and how an elite sports context influences and modulates injury prevention practice at this level. Participants described an elite athletic career as a continuous and adaptive evolving process. According to athletes and all stakeholders, sports injury prevention is a learning process shaped by individual experiences. This embodiment provides athletes with insight into the importance of ownership of their bodies and self-awareness. Thus, experience, communication, empowerment, knowledge, education, the elite athlete context and sports culture, all play a fundamental role in sports injury prevention. Our findings support the importance of contextual factors in sports injury prevention in an elite sports context. These results also bring practical implications on how we should approach injury prevention differently along an athlete’s journey to becoming an elite athlete. Considering specific contextual factors and influencing the process through awareness, communication and a shared responsibility is essential to develop a healthy and successful athlete.
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Su, Shaohui. "Statistical Calculation Method and Analysis of Athletes’ Biorhythm State and Sports Injury." Mobile Information Systems 2021 (June 16, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8313185.
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In recent years, attention has been focused on the prevention and treatment of sports injuries. However, no athlete injury prevention system has been established. Athletes’ injury prevention has become an important research field, but it is still used in current sports injury statistics. Traditional calculation methods are difficult to meet the requirements of modern halo. In order to understand the relationship between the athlete’s biorhythm state and the statistical calculation method of sports injury and to reduce the damage caused by sports injury to athletes, we have carried out statistics on various physical parameters of athletes in a certain university in this city through example analysis and creatively introduced the statistical calculation method of the fault tree, and the corresponding results provide a certain research foundation for the subsequent research. The research results in this article prove that formulating a suitable sport mode for athletes can improve their athletic ability by more than 10%, reduce damage to athletes, and extend their professional life. Generally speaking, athletes’ injuries can be reduced by more than 15%. This shows that appropriate injury statistics calculation methods and research on sports injury prevention in advance are extremely important for athletes.
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Kulemzina, Tatyana V., Svetlana V. Krasnozhon, and Alexander V. Shakula. "Constitutional Approach as a Factor of Sports Injury Prevention." Bulletin of Rehabilitation Medicine 20, no. 6 (December 21, 2021): 34–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.38025/2078-1962-2021-20-6-34-39.
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A career in professional sports depends on a number of factors related both directly to the athlete’s body and to the influence of external factors. Age, sport, health, personal trainer, training conditions, etc. – all this is important to achieve the result. However, the athlete’s constitutional features are significant and fundamental for achieving the result. These are not just morphological signs, but also a tendency to the occurrence of injuries and individual psychological characteristics as well as their correspondence to the functional capabilities of the athlete’s body. It is the individual mental characteristics that determine the type of response to the result of the competition (especially negative), the motivational aspect for achieving the result and recovering from injuries. This is important, since injuries are one of the primary problems of sports (regardless of the type), and the number of injuries and traumatological pathologies reaches 44% of the total number of nosologies. Aim. To substantiate the possibility and expediency of using integrative medicine methods in the rehabilitation treatment of sports injuries of the ankle joint. Material and methods. The research object was 38 male athletes involved in game sports, 18 – 26 years old with moderate ankle injuries, sports experience – 10 – 18 years, sports qualifications from the 1st category to the master of sports (MS). The patients were randomly divided into two groups. In the main group – 20 athletes – the rehabilitation schemes included: classical acupuncture, homotoxicology, hirudotherapy, post-isometric relaxation. To comfortably accompany the recovery process, a collegial model of the relationship between a doctor and an athlete was used. The control group consisted of 18 athletes with applied standard recovery rehabilitation scheme. Results and discussion. In athletes in both groups, the clinical manifestations of the disease were stopped at the same time (within6–8 days). Functional recovery of the injured joint in the main group was observed by the 16th day, in the control group – by the 22nd day. Athletes of the main observation group started competitive activity on average after 23 days, in the control group – after 28 days. Conclusion. The use of integrative medicine methods in athletes allowed to shorten the recovery period, reduce the dosage of painkillers, sedatives, anti-inflammatory drugs, accelerate the psychological adaptation of the athlete to the changed life situation and provide relief for injured athletes to undergo rehabilitation treatment, practically preserving overall physical performance.
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Silvers, Holly J., and Bert R. Mandelbaum. "ACL Injury Prevention in the Athlete." Sport-Orthopädie - Sport-Traumatologie - Sports Orthopaedics and Traumatology 27, no. 1 (January 2011): 18–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.orthtr.2011.01.010.
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Reinold, Michael M., Thomas J. Gill, Kevin E. Wilk, and James R. Andrews. "Current Concepts in the Evaluation and Treatment of the Shoulder in Overhead Throwing Athletes, Part 2: Injury Prevention and Treatment." Sports Health: A Multidisciplinary Approach 2, no. 2 (March 2010): 101–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1941738110362518.
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The overhead throwing athlete is an extremely challenging patient in sports medicine. The repetitive microtraumatic stresses imposed on the athlete’s shoulder joint complex during the throwing motion constantly place the athlete at risk for injury. Treatment of the overhead athlete requires the understanding of several principles based on the unique physical characteristics of the overhead athlete and the demands endured during the act of throwing. These principles are described and incorporated in a multiphase progressive rehabilitation program designed to prevent injuries and rehabilitate the injured athlete, both nonoperatively and postoperatively.
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Razumets, E. I. "Psychological prevention of injuries of the musculoskeletal system in elite athletes." Sports medicine: research and practice 11, no. 3 (November 10, 2021): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.47529/2223-2524.2021.3.3.
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The article presents a study of traumatic experiences by high-class athletes (members of the Russian national teams). Data on the subjective sensations of athletes who have suffered from injury of the musculoskeletal system are obtained, patterns in the perception of the consequences of an injury event are revealed. Also we present data on the attitude of athletes to injury in the aspect of professional activity. The analyzed information is an important component in the development of personalized programs for the prevention of reinjury in elite sports.Objective: to assess the psychoemotional experiences of sports trauma by elite athletes in the process of rehabilitation treatment after the musculoskeletal system injury.Materials and methods: a specially developed medical and psychological interview was conducted with athletes-members of the sports national Russian Federation teams, who are inpatient treatment in the sports traumatology department, in order to obtain primary subjective information from the athlete about his presentation of his own experiences of a traumatic episode. Further, the information obtained from the interviews was analyzed and grouped for further evaluation.Results: we state the significant influence exerted by the previous traumatic experience on the future life and professional activity of an athlete. Moreover, the influence can be both negative (fear, anxiety, kinesiophobia, uncertainty in sports-specific movements) and positive (acquired skills of coping with traumatic experiences, gaining new knowledge about one’s physical and psychological capabilities).Conclusions: thus, despite the diversity of individual reactions of athletes to injury, different life situations, sports and traumatic events, it is possible to identify general patterns in the perception of elite athletes of the injury itself, as well as the entire process of recovery and return to sports. This information is very important both for minimizing the negative impact of a sports injury on the psychological recovery of an athlete by switching his attention to identifying the “positive” consequences of the injury, and for the prevention of repeated injuries in elite sports.
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Papadopoulou, Sousana K. "Rehabilitation Nutrition for Injury Recovery of Athletes: The Role of Macronutrient Intake." Nutrients 12, no. 8 (August 14, 2020): 2449. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12082449.
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An adequate and balanced diet is of utmost importance in recovery and rehabilitation. “Rehabilitation nutrition” for injury recovery of athletes is similar to sports nutrition, except for the differences that concern the prevention of the risk or presence of sarcopenia, malnutrition, or dysphagia. Rehabilitation nutrition also aims, combined with training, to an adequate long-term nutritional status of the athlete and also in physical condition improvement, in terms of endurance and resistance. The aim of this paper is to define the proper nutrition for athletes in order to hasten their return to the sports after surgery or injury. Energy intake should be higher than the energy target in order to fight sarcopenia—that is 25–30 kcal/kg of body weight. Macro- and micro-nutrients play an important role in metabolism, energy production, hemoglobin synthesis, lean mass and bone mass maintenance, immunity, health, and protection against oxidative damage. Nutritional strategies, such as supplementation of suboptimal protein intake with leucine are feasible and effective in offsetting anabolic resistance. Thus, maintaining muscle mass, without gaining fat, becomes challenging for the injured athlete. A dietary strategy should be tailored to the athlete’s needs, considering amounts, frequency, type and, most of all, protein quality. During rehabilitation, simultaneous carbohydrates and protein intake can inhibit muscle breakdown and muscle atrophy. The long-term intake of omega-3 fatty acids enhances anabolic sensitivity to amino acids; thus, it may be beneficial to the injured athlete. Adequate intakes of macronutrients can play a major role supporting athletes’ anabolism.
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Stowe, Rennae Williams. "Social Support in Athletic Injury Prevention and Recovery." Women in Sport and Physical Activity Journal 23, no. 2 (October 2015): 85–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/wspaj.2014-0036.
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This review presents a framework for understanding the role of social support in athletic injury prevention and recovery. The stress-injury model is presented, which is the theoretical basis for many studies on psychosocial factors related to injury in sport. In addition, we discuss the definition of social support, types and sources of social support for the athlete, and strategies supporting others can use to show their support. Finally, using social support as a rehabilitation strategy and gender differences will be presented.
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Anastasiou, Athanasios, Angeliki Nikaki, Stavros Pitoglou, and Yiannis Koumpouros. "Proposed Design and Assessment Methodology of a Wearable Device for Prevention and Performance Evaluation of Athletes." International Journal of Reliable and Quality E-Healthcare 11, no. 1 (January 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijrqeh.297089.
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The paper presents the design approach of a low power stretchable wearable epidermal electronic device as part of an advanced athlete performance management framework to perform multi-parametric, multi-modal measurements of vital physiological parameters through the skin and via sweat analysis. It can be used to seamlessly monitor athletes, to prevent serious health complications and injuries during training, sudden death and complications related to overtraining. The proposed framework allows real-time physiological monitoring, tracking, prediction and quantification of athletic performance and estimation of recovery time after an injury, an illness or the overtraining syndrome. It is based on low-cost and clean room-based fabrication techniques and interconnects and readout electronics based on commercially available off-the-shelf components and application-specific integrated circuits. A data analytics platform incorporates real-time monitoring to identify the susceptibility to sudden death, health complications or injury, for the athlete, executing a personalized prediction model
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Swenson, David M., Ellen E. Yard, Sarah K. Fields, and R. Dawn Comstock. "Patterns of Recurrent Injuries among US High School Athletes, 2005-2008." American Journal of Sports Medicine 37, no. 8 (April 16, 2009): 1586–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546509332500.
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Background High school sports participants sustain millions of injuries annually; many are recurrent injuries that can be more severe than new injuries. Hypothesis Recurrent injury patterns differ from new injury patterns by sport and gender. Study Design Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods High school sports injury data for the 2005 through 2008 academic years were collected via High School Reporting Information Online (RIO) from a nationally representative sample of 100 US high schools. Results From 2005 through 2008, certified athletic trainers reported 13 755 injuries during 5 627 921 athlete exposures (24.4 injuries per 10 000 athlete exposures). Recurrent injuries accounted for 10.5% of all injuries. Football players had the highest rate of recurrent injury (4.36 per 10 000 athlete exposures). Girls had higher rates of recurrent injuries than boys in soccer (injury rate ratio = 1.39; 95% confidence interval, 1.07-1.82). Recurrent injuries most often involved the ankle (28.3%), knee (16.8%), head/ face (12.1%), and shoulder (12.0%), and were most often ligament sprains (incomplete tears) (34.9%), muscle strains (incomplete tears) (13.3%), and concussions (11.6%). A greater proportion of recurrent injuries than new injuries resulted in the student choosing to end participation (recurrent = 2.4%, new = 0.7%). Recurrent shoulder injuries were more likely to require surgery than new shoulder injuries (injury proportion ratio = 4.51; 95% confidence interval, 2.82-7.20). Conclusion Recurrent injury rates and patterns differed by sport. Because recurrent injuries can have severe consequences on an athlete's health and future sports participation, injury prevention must be a priority. Knowledge of injury patterns can drive targeted preventive efforts.
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Kriz, Peter K., Jingzhen Yang, Alan Arakkal, Timothy Keeley, and R. Dawn Comstock. "FAIR PLAY AS AN INJURY PREVENTION INTERVENTION: DO YELLOW CARD ACCUMULATION POLICIES REDUCE HIGH SCHOOL SOCCER INJURIES?" Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 8, no. 4_suppl3 (April 1, 2020): 2325967120S0022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967120s00225.
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Background: Pediatric sports-related injuries are common, yet prevention efforts too often go unevaluated. Collins et al. studied nine U.S. high school (HS) sports during 2005/06-2006/07, finding boys’ and girls’ soccer had the highest injury rates related to illegal activity. Several states have implemented yellow card accumulation policies (YCPs) in an effort to prevent injuries. Hypothesis/Purpose: Purpose: Evaluate the effectiveness of YCPs in reducing HS soccer competition injuries by comparing injury rates and patterns in states with and without YCPs. Hypotheses: Athlete-athlete contact injury rates are lower in states with YCPs Severe injuries (concussion, fracture, ACL, injury requiring surgery, injury resulting in > 3 weeks’ time loss) are less prevalent in states with YCPs Gender differences influence the effectiveness of YCPs Methods: Retrospective cohort study of NHFS member state association HS soccer players injured during competition in 2005/06-2017/18. Athlete exposure (AEs) and injury data collected from a national sports injury surveillance system, High School RIO. Poisson regression assessed the effects of YCPs on injury rates and patterns. Results: Of 50 NFHS member states associations, high schools from 47 were represented. Overall, 901 athlete-athlete contact injuries occurred during 352,775 competition AEs in states with YCPs and 3,525 during 1,459,708 AEs in states without YCPs. There was no significant difference in overall contact injury rates (rate ratio [RR] 1.06; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.98-1.14) between schools in states with and without YCPs. A small, significant increase in overall contact injury rates was discernable after states’ adoption of YCPs (RR 1.17; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.34), particularly in boys’ soccer (RR 1.32; 95% CI 1.08-1.62). A significantly lower proportion of injuries resulting in > 3 weeks’ time loss occurred in states with YCPs (injury proportion ratio [IPR] 0.81; p=0.047), while other severe injuries did not differ. There were no significant differences in YCPs’ effect by gender (p=0.319). Conclusion: Among HS boys’ and girls’ soccer players, playing in states with YCPs did not lower athlete-athlete contact injury rates, although injuries resulting in > 3 weeks’ time loss were less prevalent in states with YCPs. Athlete-athlete contact injury rates were slightly higher in states following adoption of YCPs, particularly in boys’ soccer. Enactment of YCPs alone, without proper enforcement, may not be a sufficient injury prevention strategy. Further studies assessing the impact of HS soccer YCPs need to consider the effects of state level YCP enforcement, documented illegal activity/foul play, and Fair Play education. Tables/Figures: [Table: see text][Table: see text][Table: see text]
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Ross, Lexie, Mary C. Hamati, Michael Tuffiash, Kevin Robell, and Kenneth J. Hunt. "Foot and Ankle Injury Surveillance of Collegiate Student-Athletes Utilizing the Pac-12 Health Analytics Program." Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics 7, no. 1 (January 2022): 2473011421S0042. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2473011421s00420.
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Category: Ankle; Sports; Other Introduction/Purpose: In order to monitor student-athlete health, identify risk factors associated with sports injuries, and develop and evaluate injury prevention programs at the collegiate level, it is necessary to implement and utilize high quality sports injury surveillance systems. The Pac-12 Health Analytics Program (HAP) addresses this need by standardizing electronic medical record entries and common data elements across all Pac-12 institutions. The literature suggests that collegiate student-athletes are at higher risk for certain injuries that have chronic effects on their health-related quality of life. Previous investigations utilizing the HAP database found ankle injuries to be the second most prevalent lower extremity injury in this population. This study aims to build upon these previous findings and further characterize below-knee injuries using the HAP database. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed archival data from Pac-12 student-athletes followed in the HAP database, a deidentified Pac-12 conference-wide sports injury surveillance system used to study the epidemiological characteristics of varsity student- athletes from 2017-2020. Data collection is part of the standard of care provided by varsity athletic trainers and entered into the Presagia Sports electronic medical record. This data is then deidentified and automatically sent to the Pac-12 for inclusion in the HAP. Individual authorization forms were obtained from student-athlete participants prior to deidentification and inclusion in the HAP database. Student-athletes who sustained a lower extremity (LE) injury below the knee were included. Data on demographics and injury characteristics were analyzed. Results: Foot and ankle injuries account for 20.3% (6,776/33,432) of all database injuries, representing 23.4% (2,214/9,444) of all student-athletes. Female-athletes (26.8%) had a higher injury rate than male-athletes (20.9%) (p<0.00001). Lower leg injuries were categorized as ankle (43.1%), foot (25.3%), lower leg (18.4%), and ankle/heel (13.2%). Ligament sprain was the most common injury type (38.1%) followed by tendinopathy (14.4%) and inflammation (7.9%). Males were more likely to sustain an acute injury (81.8%) than females (63.7%). Injuries most commonly occurred on synthetic (46.0%). Common mechanisms of injury (MOI) included running (21.6%), contact with another player (18.4%), and contact with a hard object (14.8%). Injuries most commonly occurred during in-season (48.9%) compared to off-season (25.5%) and pre-season (20.9%) segments of the competitive year. Half of injuries (50.0%) resulted in lost time from sport, however only 6.7% of injuries were season ending and only 2 injuries (<0.01%) resulted in medical retirement. Conclusion: Most ankle injuries occurred on synthetic surfaces, suggesting an opportunity for enhanced monitoring and prehabililitation programs for sports that utilize these types of surfaces. Further investigations accounting for covariates and risk factors may inform injury prevention strategies and improve student-athlete wellness. While the Pac-12 HAP database is early in development, this report demonstrates the potential value that injury surveillance systems can provide for student-athlete health. The Pac-12 HAP is a collaborative and effective injury database, setting the standard for other regional conferences.
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Fagher, Kristina, Lovemore Kunorozva, Marelise Badenhorst, Wayne Derman, James Kissick, Evert Verhagen, Osman Hassan Ahmed, et al. "Safe and Healthy Para sport project (SHAPE): a study protocol of a complex intervention within Para sport." BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine 8, no. 3 (August 2022): e001392. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2022-001392.
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Elite Para athletes report a high incidence of sports injuries, illnesses and other health issues. Despite this, there are few prevention programmes in Para sport, and many of the existing prevention programmes are not adapted to Para athletes. To improve the success of preventive measures, it has been suggested that sports safety work should facilitate health promotion, including athlete health education. Therefore, the overarching aim of this project is to evaluate an accessible health promotion web platform as part of a complex intervention that aims to improve knowledge of athlete health in Para sport. In this protocol, the development, future implementation and evaluation of the intervention are described. To inform the implementation and use of such interventions, it is recommended to involve end users in the development and implementation process. Therefore, a participatory design process, including athletes and the sports organisation, was used to develop an accessible health promotion web platform. To evaluate this complex intervention, a process evaluation combining quantitative evaluation assessing causal pathways with qualitative methods assessing multifaceted pathways will be used. The primary outcomes are injury/illness incidence, athlete health parameters, health literacy and user behaviour. A cohort of elite Para athletes (n=150) from Sweden and South Africa will be invited to participate. This project will be the first that aims to improve athlete health in Para sport through pragmatic and accessible health promotion. It is a boundary-crossing project that will be conducted in a real-world sport setting, including athletes with different socioeconomic backgrounds.
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Li, Hongmei, Jennifer J. Moreland, Corinne Peek-Asa, and Jingzhen Yang. "Preseason Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms and Prospective Injury Risk in Collegiate Athletes." American Journal of Sports Medicine 45, no. 9 (April 25, 2017): 2148–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546517702847.
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Background: Psychological risk factors are increasingly recognized as important in sport-related injury prevention. Understanding how these psychological factors may affect the risk of injuries could help design effective prevention programs. Purpose: To determine the effect of reported preseason anxiety and depressive symptoms on the risk of injuries during a prospective season in a cohort of collegiate athletes. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: Collegiate athletes participating in 4 men’s sports and 5 women’s sports from 2 National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I universities were enrolled and prospectively followed during the 2007-2011 seasons. Preseason anxiety and depressive symptoms were measured at enrollment. Injuries occurring during the season were reported by certified athletic trainers. The injury incidence rate was calculated as the total number of injuries divided by the total number of athlete-exposures (ie, games and practices). Results: Of 958 enrolled athletes (response rate of 90.3%), 389 (40.6%) athletes sustained a total of 597 injuries. At preseason, 276 (28.8%) athletes reported anxiety symptoms, and 208 (21.7%) reported depressive symptoms. Among athletes reporting any of these symptoms, 48.5% (n = 158) reported having both anxiety and depressive symptoms. Athletes with preseason anxiety symptoms had a significantly higher injury incidence rate compared with athletes without anxiety symptoms (rate ratio [RR], 2.3; 95% CI, 2.0-2.6), adjusting for age, race, body mass index, history of injuries 12 months before baseline, and university attended, and this was observed for both male and female athletes. Only male athletes who reported co-occurring preseason depressive and anxiety symptoms had a significantly increased injury risk (RR, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.6-2.6) compared with male athletes who reported no co-occurring symptoms. However, no such increase in the injury risk was observed among female athletes or male athletes who reported preseason depressive symptoms but no anxiety symptoms. Conclusion: Athletes with anxiety symptoms at preseason were at an increased risk of injuries during the prospective season. Targeted programs could focus on psychological health and injury prevention for athletes, especially for those exhibiting symptoms at preseason.
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King, Marguerite Helen, Nathalia Costa, Amy Lewis, Kate Watson, and Bill Vicenzino. "Throwing in the deep end: athletes, coaches and support staff experiences, perceptions and beliefs of upper limb injuries and training load in elite women’s water polo." BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine 8, no. 1 (March 2022): e001214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2021-001214.
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To understand elite athlete, coach and support staff experiences, perceptions and beliefs in women’s water polo with managing upper limb injuries and monitoring training loads. Inductive qualitative design. Twenty athletes, coaches and support staff were purposively recruited and participated in semistructured interviews. Participants either had experienced an upper limb injury or had experience managing athletes with upper limb injuries. Interviews were conducted in-person or virtually, audio-recorded, deidentified, transcribed verbatim and cleaned to ensure accuracy. Data were thematically analysed. Analysis identified five cohesive themes: (1) upper limb injury management is adequate—but prevention, communication and knowledge need improving, (2) current training load monitoring generates uncertainty and lack of consistency of processes—due to reliance on internal, and lack of external load monitoring, (3) optimal training load monitoring requires objective measurement of training load—that accurately measures the external load of athletes’ upper limbs, (4) athlete-centred philosophy matters—including athlete-centred care to facilitate individually tailored rehabilitation programmes and their inclusion in management decisions, (5) mental, social and emotional aspects of upper limb injury management matter—acknowledging feelings of loss of team inclusion, fear of missing out and frustration felt by athletes as well as the emotional labour felt by coaches when supporting athletes with an upper limb injury. Upper limb injury management and training load monitoring are evolving areas where objective measurement of training load may assist in increasing consistency of communication, collaboration and coordination between all stakeholders, and to address uncertainty. Stakeholders placed value in intangible qualities such as trust and care in their relationships with other collaborators—facilitating athlete physical, mental and emotional recovery following upper limb injuries.
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Arnold, Amanda, Charles A. Thigpen, Paul F. Beattie, Michael J. Kissenberth, and Ellen Shanley. "Overuse Physeal Injuries in Youth Athletes." Sports Health: A Multidisciplinary Approach 9, no. 2 (February 6, 2017): 139–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1941738117690847.
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Context: Despite rising awareness of the risks associated with sports participation, overuse injuries continue to increase in youth athlete populations. Physeal injuries are one type of overuse injury exclusive to pediatric populations that are often sustained during athletic practice or competition. Overuse physeal injuries are, in theory, preventable; however, little consensus has been reached surrounding the risk factors, prevention, and treatment strategies. Objective: This systematic review summarizes the best available evidence concerning overuse physeal injuries in youth and adolescent athletes. It can be used to develop prevention and treatment programs specific to this population. Data Sources: PubMed and Academic Search Complete (EBSCOhost) were explored using the keyword physeal injuries from January 1950 through May 2015 to identify 24 studies. Study Selection: Original research studies of athletic populations with mechanisms of injury related to sport were chosen. Study Design: Systematic review. Level of Evidence: Level 3. Data Extraction: Data were extracted as available from 24 eligible studies. Study quality was rated using the Oxford Centre for Evidence-based Medicine (OCEBM) guidelines. Results: Risk factors for injury include periods of accelerated growth, chronological age, body size, training volume, and previous injury. Injury prevention strategies currently emphasize participation limitations and sport-specific training programs in skeletally immature athletes. The most effective treatment after an overuse physeal injury was an extended period of active rest and joint immobilization when necessary. Conclusion: Overuse physeal injuries are multifactorial in nature. Muscular imbalances after accelerated growth periods predispose young athletes to overuse injuries. Modifiable risk factors such as flexibility, strength, and training volume should be regularly monitored to prevent these injuries.
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Derman, W., M. P. Schwellnus, E. Jordaan, P. Runciman, P. Van de Vliet, C. Blauwet, N. Webborn, S. Willick, and J. Stomphorst. "High incidence of injury at the Sochi 2014 Winter Paralympic Games: a prospective cohort study of 6564 athlete days." British Journal of Sports Medicine 50, no. 17 (June 15, 2016): 1069–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2016-096214.
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ObjectiveTo describe the epidemiology of injuries at the Sochi 2014 Winter Paralympic Games.MethodsA total of 547 athletes from 45 countries were monitored daily for 12 days during the Sochi 2014 Winter Paralympic Games (6564 athlete days). Daily injury data were obtained from teams with their own medical support (32 teams, 510 athletes) and teams without their own medical support (13 teams, 37 athletes) through electronic data capturing systems.ResultsThere were 174 total injuries reported, with an injury incidence rate (IR) of 26.5 per 1000 athlete days (95% CI 22.7% to 30.8%). There was a significantly higher IR recorded in alpine skiing/snowboarding (IR of 41.1 (95% CI 33.7% to 49.6%) p=0.0001) compared to cross-country skiing/biathlon, ice sledge hockey or wheelchair curling. Injuries in the shoulder region were the highest single-joint IR (IR of 6.4 (95% CI 4.6% to 8.6%)), although total upper and lower body IR were similar (IR 8.5 vs 8.4 (95% CI 6.4% to 11.1%)). Furthermore, the IR of acute injuries was significantly higher than other types of injury onset (IR of 17.8 (95% CI 14.7% to 21.4%)).ConclusionsIn a Winter Paralympic Games setting, athletes report higher injury incidence than do Olympic athletes or athletes in a Summer Paralympic Games setting. The highest incidence of injury was reported in the alpine skiing/snowboarding sporting category. There was a similar incidence of injury in the upper and lower limbs. The joint with the greatest rate of injury reported was the shoulder joint. Our data can inform injury prevention programmes and policy considerations regarding athlete safety in future Winter Paralympic Games.
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Jildeh, Toufic R., Kelechi R. Okoroha, Joseph S. Tramer, Jorge Chahla, Benedict U. Nwachukwu, Shawn Annin, Vasilios Moutzouros, Charles Bush-Joseph, and Nikhil Verma. "Effect of Fatigue Protocols on Upper Extremity Neuromuscular Function and Implications for Ulnar Collateral Ligament Injury Prevention." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 7, no. 12 (December 1, 2019): 232596711988887. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967119888876.
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Background: As the incidence of overuse injuries to the medial elbow in overhead athletes continues to rise, recent evidence suggests a link between these injuries and alterations in biomechanics produced by athlete fatigue. Previous studies have evaluated the effect of fatigue on elbow injuries using a wide array of fatigue protocols/athletic tasks, and, as a consequence, the results have been heterogeneous. Purpose: To determine whether there is a uniform alteration in neuromuscular function or biomechanics as the overhead athlete fatigues. Furthermore, this study sought to determine whether player fatigue should be accounted for in ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) injury prevention programs. Study Design: Systematic review. Methods: A systematic review of the literature using PubMed and MEDLINE databases was performed. Keywords included fatigue, upper extremity, baseball, pitcher, throwing, and muscle activity. Inclusion criteria consisted of original research articles in the English language involving healthy athletes, use of fatigue protocols, and the evaluation of at least 1 upper limb biomechanical variable. Results: A total of 35 studies involving 644 athletes (90 females, 554 males; mean age, 20.2 years) met the inclusion criteria. General fatigue protocols were used in 2 investigations, peripheral protocols were used in all 35 studies, and 5 different athletic tasks were studied (simulated baseball game, overhead throwing, high-effort swimming, simulated tennis game, and overhead serving). There was a uniform decrease in muscle force production and proprioception in athletes after completing a fatigue protocol. However, there was no consistency among studies when evaluating other important upper limb biomechanical factors. The fatigue protocols did not consistently produce statistically significant changes in elbow torque, pitching biomechanics, or ball velocity. Conclusion: A uniform decrease in muscle force production and proprioception was found after fatigue protocols; however, a majority of fatigue protocols published in the current literature are inconsistently measured and produce heterogeneous results. Therefore, currently, no recommendations can be made for changes in UCL injury prevention training programs to account for potential effects of fatigue. The effect of muscle force production and proprioception on upper extremity injuries should be evaluated in future studies.
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Turnagöl, Hüseyin Hüsrev, Şükran Nazan Koşar, Yasemin Güzel, Selin Aktitiz, and Muhammed Mustafa Atakan. "Nutritional Considerations for Injury Prevention and Recovery in Combat Sports." Nutrients 14, no. 1 (December 23, 2021): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14010053.
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Sports participation is not without risk, and most athletes incur at least one injury throughout their careers. Combat sports are popular all around the world, and about one-third of their injuries result in more than 7 days of absence from competition or training. The most frequently injured body regions are the head and neck, followed by the upper and lower limbs, while the most common tissue types injured are superficial tissues and skin, followed by ligaments and joint capsules. Nutrition has significant implications for injury prevention and enhancement of the recovery process due to its effect on the overall physical and psychological well-being of the athlete and improving tissue healing. In particular, amino acid and protein intake, antioxidants, creatine, and omega-3 are given special attention due to their therapeutic roles in preventing muscle loss and anabolic resistance as well as promoting injury healing. The purpose of this review is to present the roles of various nutritional strategies in reducing the risk of injury and improving the treatment and rehabilitation process in combat sports. In this respect, nutritional considerations for muscle, joint, and bone injuries as well as sports-related concussions are presented. The injury risk associated with rapid weight loss is also discussed. Finally, preoperative nutrition and nutritional considerations for returning to a sport after rehabilitation are addressed.
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Chan, Jimmy J., Kevin K. Chen, Javier Z. Guzman, and Ettore Vulcano. "Epidemiology of Operative Foot injuries in College Level Athletes." Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics 4, no. 4 (October 1, 2019): 2473011419S0013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2473011419s00135.
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Category: Hindfoot, Lesser Toes, Midfoot/Forefoot, Sports, Trauma Introduction/Purpose: Foot injuries represent a broad category of injuries that may have profound implications in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) athletes. Accordingly, a more thorough characterization of these injuries and what predisposes NCAA athletes to them is crucial to their prevention. This study examines the incidence and effect of foot injuries on NCAA athletes and their athletic season. Methods: Foot injuries across 16 sports among men and women during the 2004-05 to 2013-14 academic years were analyzed from the NCAA Injury Surveillance Program (NCAA-ISP). Three common orthopaedic foot injuries were sub-analyzed, including fifth metatarsal injuries (5MT), Lisfranc injuries, and turf toes. Multiple variables were reported including injury rates per 100,000 athlete-exposures (IR), operative rate, annual injury rate trends, re-injury rates, in-season status (pre/in/post-season) at time of injury, and time loss distributions were compiled and calculated. Results: A total of 3718 foot injuries were identified over 10-year period. 4.4% of all injuries were operative. Overall foot injury rate was comparable between male (IR=31.1) and female athletes (IR=32.4); however, the operative injury rate was greater in male compared to female (IR=2.0 vs. 0.6) athletes. The top three operative injuries were 5MT (45.1%), stress fractures (12.2%), and Lisfranc injuries (7.9%). 10.8% of turf toes are re-injury, and average time loss was 7.0 days. 43% of 5MT injuries were operative, and 19.2% were re-injuries. 40.6% of 5MT injuries were season-ending with an average time loss of 36.5 days. 33% of Lisfranc injuries were operative, and 7.5% were re-injuries. 45.9% of Lisfranc injuries were season-ending with an average time loss of 25.9 days. Conclusion: Foot injuries are among the most common form of injuries that occur in NCAA athletics. In addition, these injuries can sometimes lead to significant loss of playing time and may even result in the end of the athlete’s season or career. Certain NCAA sports such as men’s football and basketball may more likely predispose patients to season ending injuries and require operative fixation. Close examination of the kinds of foot injuries and their respective mechanisms may help elucidate trends useful in the development of various prevention strategies.
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Fitzpatrick, Jane, and Nirmala Panagodage Perera. "The Biathlon Injury and Illness Surveillance (BIIS) project protocol: a prospective cohort study across two World Cup seasons." BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine 6, no. 1 (November 2020): e000862. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2020-000862.
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IntroductionReliably and accurately establishing injury and illness epidemiology in biathletes will provide insight into seasonal changes, provide potential to better embed innovative prevention strategies and advance sports medicine through the provision of effective healthcare to biathletes. The main objective of the Biathlon Injury and Illness Study (BIIS) is to provide the first comprehensive epidemiological profile of injury and illness in biathlon athletes during two consecutive Biathlon World Cup seasons over 2-years.MethodsThe BIIS study methodology is established in line with the International Olympic Committee (IOC) injury and illness surveillance protocols using a biathlon-specific injury and illness report form. Team medical staff will provide weekly data using injury and illness definitions of any injury or illness that receives medical attention regardless of time loss. Injuries or illness must be diagnosed and reported by a qualified medical professional (eg, team physician, physiotherapist) to ensure accurate and reliable diagnoses. Descriptive statistics will be used to identify the type, body region and nature of the injury or illness and athlete demographics such as age and gender. Summary measures of injury and illnesses per 1000 athlete-days will be calculated whereby the total number of athletes will be multiplied by the number of days in the season to calculate athlete-days.Ethics and DisseminationThis study has been approved by the Bellbery Human Research Ethics Committee (HREC reference: 2017-10-757). Results will be published irrespective of negative or positive outcomes and disseminated through different platforms to reach a wide range of stakeholders.
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Bank, Nicholas, Christian Hecht, Amir Karimi, Mohamed El-Abtah, Lauren Huang, and R. Justin Mistovich. "Raising the Young Athlete: Training and Injury Prevention Strategies." Journal of the Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America 4, no. 2 (May 1, 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.55275/jposna-2022-0037.
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Participation in youth sports is at an all-time high, surpassing pre-pandemic levels. While this represents a growing opportunity for increased activity, socialization, and skill development in America’s young athletes, we must remain cognizant of the associated risks that threaten their long-term physical and psychological well-being. To optimize the risk-benefit ratio of the increasing involvement in organized sports, current sporting safety recommendations are needed. We sought to provide current concepts on optimal training methods, injury prevention strategies, and stakeholder education programs.
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Graziano, Jessica, Daniel W. Green, and Frank A. Cordasco. "Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury Prevention in the Young Athlete." Strength and Conditioning Journal 35, no. 3 (June 2013): 89–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1519/ssc.0b013e3182953525.
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Overbaugh, Kelly A., and Gail Allen. "The adolescent athlete. Part II: Injury patterns and prevention." Journal of Pediatric Health Care 8, no. 5 (September 1994): 203–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0891-5245(94)90063-9.
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Joseph, Allan M., Christy L. Collins, Natalie M. Henke, Ellen E. Yard, Sarah K. Fields, and R. Dawn Comstock. "A Multisport Epidemiologic Comparison of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries in High School Athletics." Journal of Athletic Training 48, no. 6 (December 1, 2013): 810–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-48.6.03.
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Background: The knee joint is the second most commonly injured body site after the ankle and the leading cause of sport-related surgeries. Knee injuries, especially of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), are among the most economically costly sport injuries, frequently requiring expensive surgery and rehabilitation. Objective: To investigate the epidemiology of ACL injuries among high school athletes by sport and sex. Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Main Outcome Measure(s): Using an Internet-based data-collection tool, Reporting Information Online (RIO), certified athletic trainers from 100 nationally representative US high schools reported athlete-exposure and injury data for athletes from 9 sports during the 2007/08–2011/12 academic years. The outcome of interest in this study was ACL injuries. Results: During the study period, 617 ACL injuries were reported during 9 452 180 athlete exposures (AEs), for an injury rate of 6.5 per 100 000 AEs. Nationally, in the 9 sports studied, an estimated 215 628 ACL injuries occurred during the study period. The injury rate was higher in competition (17.6) than practice (2.4; rate ratio [RR] = 7.3, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 6.08, 8.68). Girls' soccer had the highest injury rate (12.2) followed by boys' football (11.1), with boys' basketball (2.3) and boys' baseball (0.7) having the lowest rates. In sex-comparable sports, girls had a higher rate (8.9) than boys (2.6; RR = 3.4, 95% CI = 2.64, 4.47). Overall, 76.6% of ACL injuries resulted in surgery. The most common mechanisms of injury were player-to-player contact (42.8%) and no contact (37.9%). Conclusions: Anterior cruciate ligament injury rates vary by sport, sex, and type of exposure. Recognizing such differences is important when evaluating the effectiveness of evidence-based, targeted prevention efforts.
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Kantaros, Eve, and Haylee Borgstrom. "Sex-Specific Differences in Perceived Injury Management and Prevention in High School Student-Athletes." Journal of Women's Sports Medicine 1, no. 1 (September 26, 2021): 30–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.53646/jwsm.v1i1.3.
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BACKGROUND: Sport-related injuries are common among high school student-athletes with specific sex disparities in injury risk. Many of these injuries may be avoidable with the use of injury prevention programs (IPPs). Sex differences in injury management and return to sport are not well understood. PURPOSE: To determine sex-specific differences in self-reported injury management and prevention strategies in high school student-athletes. DESIGN: Cross-sectional, survey-based study. METHODS: An anonymous 13-item electronic survey was distributed to all students in a private high school in December 2019 with responses recorded over a one-month study period. Primary outcomes were sex-specific differences in self-reported outcome measures assessing student-athlete experience during injury recovery and familiarity with IPPs. Groups were evaluated via descriptive statistics and differences between groups were compared. RESULTS: From a total of 190 responses, 106 were included in the analysis (63F, 43M, mean age 16.7 years). Female athletes reported decreased exposure to injury prevention training (44.4% vs 69.8%, p=0.01) and practice-based utilization of IPPs (23.8% vs 55.8%, p=0.001) compared to male athletes. Overall, reported utilization of IPPs was low regardless of sex at less than 40% for all athletes. Nearly 85% of female athletes compared to 51% of male athletes felt they could benefit from IPPs (p=0.001), yet fewer than half of female athletes reported ever having training in injury prevention. There were no statistically significant differences in measures of injury management or return to sport between sexes. Females reported similar major impact of injury on life and future plans compared to male athletes. CONCLUSIONS: Male athletes were 1.6x more likely to report injury prevention training and 2.4x more likely to report practice-based utilization of IPPs compared to female athletes. Sex-specific differences in injury management and return to sport were not identified. Better incorporation of IPPs, specifically at the high-school level, may help to address sex disparities in preventable sport-related injuries and allow student-athletes to maximize the myriad benefits of sport participation.
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Chandran, Avinash, Reagan E. Moffit, Alexandra F. DeJong Lempke, Adrian J. Boltz, Andrew S. Alexander, Hannah J. Robison, Zachary Yukio Kerr, Christy L. Collins, and Erik A. Wikstrom. "Epidemiology of Lateral Ligament Complex Tears of the Ankle in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Sports: 2014-15 Through 2018-19." American Journal of Sports Medicine 51, no. 1 (January 2023): 169–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03635465221138281.
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Background: Epidemiological studies of lateral ankle sprains in NCAA sports are important in appraising the burden of this injury and informing prevention efforts. Purpose: To describe the epidemiology of lateral ankle sprains in NCAA sports during the 2014-15 through 2018-19 seasons. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: Injury and exposure information collected within the NCAA Injury Surveillance Program (ISP) were examined. Counts, rates, and proportions of lateral ankle sprains were used to describe injury incidence by sport, event type (practices, competitions), season segment (preseason, regular season, postseason), injury mechanism (player contact, noncontact, and surface contact, injury history (new, recurrent), and time loss (time loss [≥1 day], non–time loss). Injury rate ratios (IRRs) were used to examine differential injury rates, and injury proportion ratios (IPRs) were used to examine differential distributions. Results: A total of 3910 lateral ankle sprains were reported (4.61 per 10,000 athlete exposures) during the study period, and the overall rate was highest in men’s basketball (11.82 per 10,000 athlete exposures). The competition-related injury rate was higher than the practice-related rate (IRR, 3.24; 95% CI, 3.04-3.45), and across season segments, the overall rate was highest in preseason (4.99 per 10,000 athlete exposures). Lateral ankle sprains were most often attributed to player-contact mechanisms in men’s (43.2%) and women’s sports (35.1%), although injuries were more prevalently attributed to player contact in men’s than in women’s sports (IPR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.13-1.34). Overall, 49.7% of all lateral ankle sprains were time loss injuries. Conclusions: The findings of this study are consistent with previous epidemiological investigations of lateral ankle sprains among NCAA athletes. Results offer additional context on differential injury mechanisms between men’s and women’s sports and on injury risk across the competitive season. Future research may examine the effectiveness of deploying injury prevention programs before the start of a season.
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Borowski, Laurel A., Ellen E. Yard, Sarah K. Fields, and R. Dawn Comstock. "The Epidemiology of US High School Basketball Injuries, 2005–2007." American Journal of Sports Medicine 36, no. 12 (September 2, 2008): 2328–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546508322893.
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Background With more than a million high school athletes playing during the 2006–2007 academic year, basketball is one of the most popular sports in the United States. Hypothesis Basketball injury rates and patterns differ by gender and type of exposure. Study Design Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods Basketball-related injury data were collected during the 2005–2006 and 2006–2007 academic years from 100 nationally representative US high schools via Reporting Information Online. Results High school basketball players sustained 1518 injuries during 780 651 athlete exposures for an injury rate of 1.94 per 1000 athlete exposures. The injury rate per 1000 athlete exposures was greater during competition (3.27) than during practice (1.40; rate ratio, 2.33; 95% confidence interval, 2.10–2.57) and was greater among girls (2.08) than among boys (1.83; rate ratio, 1.14; 95% confidence interval, 1.03–1.26). The ankle/foot (39.7%), knee (14.7%), head/face/neck (13.6%), arm/hand (9.6%), and hip/thigh/upper leg (8.4%) were most commonly injured. The most frequent injury diagnoses were ligament sprains (44.0%), muscle/tendon strains (17.7%), contusions (8.6%), fractures (8.5%), and concussions (7.0%). Female basketball players sustained a greater proportion of concussions (injury proportion ratio, 2.41; 95% confidence interval, 1.49–3.91) and knee injuries (injury proportion ratio, 1.71; 95% confidence interval, 1.27–2.30), whereas boys more frequently sustained fractures (injury proportion ratio, 1.87; 95% confidence interval, 1.27–2.77) and contusions (injury proportion ratio, 1.52; 95% confidence interval, 1.00–2.31). The most common girls’ injury requiring surgery was knee ligament sprains (47.9%). Conclusion High school basketball injury patterns vary by gender and type of exposure. This study suggests several areas of emphasis for targeted injury prevention interventions.
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Palmieri-Smith, Riann M., Kenneth L. Cameron, Lindsey J. DiStefano, Jeffrey B. Driban, Brian Pietrosimone, Abbey C. Thomas, Timothy W. Tourville, and Athletic Trainers' Osteoarthritis Consortium. "The Role of Athletic Trainers in Preventing and Managing Posttraumatic Osteoarthritis in Physically Active Populations: a Consensus Statement of the Athletic Trainers' Osteoarthritis Consortiuma." Journal of Athletic Training 52, no. 6 (June 1, 2017): 610–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-52.2.04.
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Objective: To provide athletic trainers with a fundamental understanding of the pathogenesis and risk factors associated with the development of posttraumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) as well as the best current recommendations for preventing and managing this condition. Background: Posttraumatic osteoarthritis, or osteoarthritis that develops secondary to joint injury, accounts for approximately 5.5 million US cases annually. A young athlete with a joint injury is at high risk for PTOA before the age of 40, which could lead to the patient living more than half of his or her life with a painful and disabling disorder. Given our frequent contact with physically active people who often sustain traumatic joint injuries, athletic trainers are in a unique position to help prevent and manage PTOA. We can, therefore, regularly monitor joint health in at-risk patients and implement early therapies as necessary. Recommendations: The recommendations for preventing and managing PTOA are based on the best available evidence. Primary injury prevention, self-management strategies, maintenance of a healthy body weight, and an appropriate level of physical activity should be encouraged among those at risk for PTOA after acute traumatic joint injury. Education of athletic trainers and patients regarding PTOA is also critical for effective prevention and management of this disease.
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Badgeley, Marcus A., Natalie M. McIlvain, Ellen E. Yard, Sarah K. Fields, and R. Dawn Comstock. "Epidemiology of 10,000 High School Football Injuries: Patterns of Injury by Position Played." Journal of Physical Activity and Health 10, no. 2 (February 2013): 160–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jpah.10.2.160.
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Background:With more than 1.1 million high school athletes playing annually during the 2005−06 to 2009−10 academic years, football is the most popular boys’ sport in the United States.Methods:Using an internet-based data collection tool, RIO, certified athletic trainers (ATs) from 100 nationally representative US high schools reported athletic exposure and football injury data during the 2005−06 to 2009−10 academic years.Results:Participating ATs reported 10,100 football injuries corresponding to an estimated 2,739,187 football-related injuries nationally. The injury rate was 4.08 per 1000 athlete-exposures (AEs) overall. Offensive lineman collectively (center, offensive guard, offensive tackle) sustained 18.3% of all injuries. Running backs (16.3%) sustained more injuries than any other position followed by linebackers (14.9%) and wide receivers (11.9%). The leading mechanism of injury was player-player contact (64.0%) followed by player-surface contact (13.4%). More specifically, injury occurred most commonly when players were being tackled (24.4%) and tackling (21.8%).Conclusions:Patterns of football injuries vary by position. Identifying such differences is important to drive development of evidence-based, targeted injury prevention efforts.
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Swartz, Erik E., Barry P. Boden, Ronald W. Courson, Laura C. Decoster, Mary Beth Horodyski, Susan A. Norkus, Robb S. Rehberg, and Kevin N. Waninger. "National Athletic Trainers' Association Position Statement: Acute Management of the Cervical Spine–Injured Athlete." Journal of Athletic Training 44, no. 3 (May 1, 2009): 306–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-44.3.306.
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Abstract Objective: To provide certified athletic trainers, team physicians, emergency responders, and other health care professionals with recommendations on how to best manage a catastrophic cervical spine injury in the athlete. Background: The relative incidence of catastrophic cervical spine injury in sports is low compared with other injuries. However, cervical spine injuries necessitate delicate and precise management, often involving the combined efforts of a variety of health care providers. The outcome of a catastrophic cervical spine injury depends on the efficiency of this management process and the timeliness of transfer to a controlled environment for diagnosis and treatment. Recommendations: Recommendations are based on current evidence pertaining to prevention strategies to reduce the incidence of cervical spine injuries in sport; emergency planning and preparation to increase management efficiency; maintaining or creating neutral alignment in the cervical spine; accessing and maintaining the airway; stabilizing and transferring the athlete with a suspected cervical spine injury; managing the athlete participating in an equipment-laden sport, such as football, hockey, or lacrosse; and considerations in the emergency department.
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Limos, Nasstassja, and Maria Minerva Calimag. "Lower Extremity Injury Prevention in Taekwondo Poomsae Athletes: An Educational Intervention." Journal of Sports and Physical Education Studies 2, no. 1 (March 24, 2022): 01–09. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/jspes.2022.2.1.1.
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Poomsae is a non-contact form of taekwondo that involves physical exertion, technique, skills, and art. It combines kicks, blocks, stances, strikes, and punches demonstrated with an imaginary opponent. It is practice for self-defense, belt promotion, and action preparation for contact sparring. Chronic Overuse injuries are common in taekwondo Poomsae athletes as they participate in repetitive stress to attain mastery of forms used in competitions. The goal is to provide deep understanding and knowledge essential for training and optimal performance in sports to athletes and coaches. Educational intervention is deployed as a free webinar session consisting of 221 participants attended. The data are collected through a qualitative reflective feedback form consisting of questions targeting knowledge acquired and application of the information towards their practice as a coach and athlete. The result showed common reflective feedback towards the injury prevention strategy in Poomsae from the webinar: 1) Discovering strength and weakness, 2) Reason for strength and conditioning, 3) Prevention and management of injury.
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Zhang, Fengyan, Ying Huang, and Wengang Ren. "Basketball Sports Injury Prediction Model Based on the Grey Theory Neural Network." Journal of Healthcare Engineering 2021 (August 21, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/1653093.
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Sports injuries will have an impact on the consistency and systemicity of the training process, as well as athlete training and performance improvement. Many talented athletes have had their careers cut short due to sports injuries. Preventing sports injuries is the best way for basketball players to reduce sports injuries. Many coaches and athletes on sports teams, on the other hand, are unaware of the importance of sports injury prevention. They only realize that the body’s sports functions are abnormal when it suffers from sports injuries. As a result, this paper proposes a gray theory neural network-based athlete injury prediction model. First, from the standpoint of a single model, the improved unequal interval model is used to predict sports injury by optimizing the unequal interval model in gray theory. The findings show that it is a good predictor of sports injuries, but it is a poor predictor of the average number of injuries. Following that, in order to overcome the shortcomings of a single model, a gray neural network combination model was used. A combination model of the unequal time interval model and BP neural network was determined and established. The prediction effect is significantly improved by combining the gray neural network mapping model and the coupling model to predict the two characteristics of sports injuries. Finally, simulation experiments show that the proposed method is effective.
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Ferrara, Michael S., and William E. Buckley. "Athletes with Disabilities Injury Registry." Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly 13, no. 1 (January 1996): 50–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/apaq.13.1.50.
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The Athletes With Disabilities Injury Registry (ADIR) was designed to collect and analyze injury data from 1990 to 1992. Three hundred nineteen athletes from different disability organizations participated, and 128 reportable injuries were recorded. The injury rate during the study period was 9.45/1,000 athlete-exposures. Overall, 52% of the reported injuries were minor (0–7 days missed), 29% were moderate (8–21 days missed), and 19% were major (22 or more days missed). The shoulder and forearm/wrist accounted for the most days lost, followed by the hand/fingers and the upper arm/elbow. Musculoskeletal injuries accounted for 81 % of the reported injuries, and illness or disability-related problems accounted for 19%. Fifteen percent of the moderate and major injuries were not medically evaluated. This raises questions about access to medical care and the appropriate recognition of an injury. Injury prevention programs should focus on reducing the number of major injuries and educating athletes and coaches about appropriate medical referrals.
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Wiese-Bjornstal, Diane M., Ayanna N. Franklin, Tara N. Dooley, Monique A. Foster, and James B. Winges. "Observations About Sports Injury Surveillance and Sports Medicine Psychology among Female Athletes." Women in Sport and Physical Activity Journal 23, no. 2 (October 2015): 64–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/wspaj.2014-0042.
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Injuries contrast with the overwhelmingly positive benefits of sports participation for female athletes, with estimates of a third or more of all female athletes sustaining injury in any given season. Media headlines convey the impression that female athletes are more vulnerable to sports injuries than male athletes are. This observation led to our first purpose, which was to use evidence from the sports injury surveillance literature to examine the facts about female athlete risks of injury and compare these risks to those of male athletes. In light of Gill and Kamphoff’s (2010) observation that we largely ignore or underrepresent female experiences in the sport and exercise psychology literature, our second purpose was to highlight examples of the psychological, behavioral, and social aspects of female athletes’ injury experiences, and provide comparisons to male experiences within this realm of sports medicine psychology. These evidence-based observations guide our concluding recommendations for injury reporting, prevention, and rehabilitation roles of those in the media and sports professions.
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Jorgensen, Michael P., Fergal T. O'Hagan, and Hugo Lehmann. "Concussion beliefs in varsity athletes: Identifying the good, the bad and the ugly." Journal of Concussion 1 (January 2017): 205970021773025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2059700217730257.
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Objective Identify and describe attitudes and intentions towards personal concussion risk and protective behaviours among varsity athletes. Determine subgroups of athletes characterized by problematic intentions towards concussion prevention and management behaviours. Design Cross-sectional survey. Main outcome measures Varsity athletes ( N = 175; 60% male; 55.4% contact athletes; 56.6% history of concussion) completed a survey examining attitudes and intentions towards personal risk and concussion-management behaviours. Cluster and discriminant analyses were used to identify athlete risk response subgroups on intention items. The clusters were examined for differences in attitudes towards concussion prevention behaviours, demographics and concussion exposure. Results A substantially problematic subgroup of athletes (28% of the sample) reported low intent to engage in post concussion management practices or primary prevention behaviours. These individuals reported high concussion-risk acceptance and very low belief in the efficacy of concussion-management behaviours. They were also more likely to have sustained a concussion. Two other clusters demonstrated more acceptable behavioural intentions towards concussion prevention and management, with one holding model attitudes and intentions. Conclusions Varsity athletes exhibit one of three different patterns of intentions and attitudes towards concussion prevention and management behaviours. Athletes in one of these groups are at much greater risk of concussion injury and poorly follow recommended treatments. Intervention programmes need to target and aim to change these problematic intentions and attitudes to improve the effectiveness of concussion prevention and injury management.
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Panariello, Robert A., Timothy J. Stump, and Frank A. Cordasco. "The Lower Extremity Athlete: Postrehabilitation Performance and Injury Prevention Training." Operative Techniques in Sports Medicine 25, no. 3 (September 2017): 231–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.otsm.2017.07.011.
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Silvers, H. J., and B. R. Mandelbaum. "Prevention of anterior cruciate ligament injury in the female athlete." British Journal of Sports Medicine 41, Supplement 1 (August 1, 2007): i52—i59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2007.037200.
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Nielsen, Rasmus Oestergaard, Michael Lejbach Bertelsen, Merete Møller, Adam Hulme, Mohammad Ali Mansournia, Marti Casals, and Erik Thorlund Parner. "Methods matter: exploring the ‘too much, too soon’ theory, part 1: causal questions in sports injury research." British Journal of Sports Medicine 54, no. 18 (March 5, 2020): 1119–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2018-100245.
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BackgroundIt is widely accepted that athletes sustain sports injury if they train ‘too much, too soon’. However, not all athletes are built the same; some can tolerate more training than others. It is for this reason that prescribing the same training programme to all athletes to reduce injury risk is not optimal from a coaching perspective. Rather, athletes require individualised training plans. In acknowledgement of athlete diversity, it is therefore essential to ask the right causal research question in studies examining sports injury aetiology.PurposeIn this first part of a British Journal of Sports Medicine educational series, we present four different causal research questions related to the ‘too much, too soon’ theory and critically discuss their relevance to sports injury prevention.ContentIf it is true that there is no ‘one size fits all’ training programme, then we need to consider by how much training can vary depending on individual athlete characteristics. To provide an evidence-base for subgroup-specific recommendations, a stronger emphasis on the following questions is needed: (1) How much training is ‘too much’ before athletes with different characteristics sustain sports-related injury? and (2) Does the risk of sports injury differ among athletes with a certain characteristic (eg, high experience) compared with athletes with other characteristics (eg, low experience) depending on how much training they perform?ConclusionWe recommend that sports injury researchers aiming to examine the ‘too much, too soon’ theory should carefully consider how they, assisted by coaches, athletes and clinicians, pose their causal research question. In the light of the limitations of population-based prevention that intends to provide all athletes with the same advice, we argue that a stronger emphasis on research questions targeting subgroups of athletes is needed. In doing so, researchers may assist athletes, clinicians and coaches to understand what training advice/programme works best, for whom and under what circumstances.
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McInnis, Kelly C. "Hamstrung: Do Sex Differences in Hamstring Injury Profile Necessitate a Different Approach to Rehabilitation and Prevention Programs in Female Athletes?" Journal of Women's Sports Medicine 1, no. 1 (September 26, 2021): 17–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.53646/jwsm.v1i1.12.
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Hamstring strain injury (HSI) is one of the most common injuries encountered in running sports and can lead to significant morbidity, with time lost from participation and high rates of recurrence. Though the incidence is high in both sexes, male athletes appear to have a two to four-fold greater risk of HSI compared to female athletes, with a longer recovery. Multiple potential risk factors have been studied and age, history of hamstring injury, ACL injury and calf injury appear to be the most significant factors in predicting index injury and recurrence. Female athletes may be relatively protected by less hamstring unit stiffness and greater muscle endurance. Other potential sex-influenced risk factors including differences in pelvic, hip and knee structural morphology and limb alignment, musculotendinous flexibility and joint mobility, and kinetic chain (primary posterior) strength imbalances require further investigation. Further research focusing both exclusively on female athlete as well as more robust comparative studies with male athletes will help us to better understand differences in HSI profile. Future investigation is necessary to determine whether a sex-specific approach to HSI rehabilitation and prevention programs will optimize clinical care for both male and female athletes.
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Mancini, Sophia L., Clark Dickin, Dorice A. Hankemeier, Lindsey Rolston, and Henry Wang. "Risk of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury in Female Soccer Athletes: A Review." Journal of Orthopedics and Orthopedic Surgery 2, no. 1 (April 30, 2021): 13–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.29245/2767-5130/2021/1.1128.
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Soccer is becoming an increasingly popular sport amongst women. Common movements during play, such as jumping and cutting, require rapid acceleration and deceleration of multiple lower-limb joints. The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), which contributes to stabilization of the knee, is often injured during these events. ACL injury typically requires costly surgery, extended time away from sports, and jeopardizes long-term joint health. Due to sex-specific factors such as menstruation and anatomical disadvantages, women are more susceptible to tearing their ACL. Injury often occurs in non-contact scenarios during rapid acceleration or deceleration movements. Research has examined these movements and established several kinematic and kinetic mechanisms as well as muscle activation patterns that frequently occur at the time of injury, however results tend to vary based on population. This article summarizes recent and relevant literature of ACL injury mechanisms and highlights the lack of specific research in the high-risk female soccer athlete population. Due to inconclusive risk factors, injury prevention programs within this population have been inconsistent. ACL injury risk for female soccer athletes should be closer examined so that more specific injury risks can be established, and effective protective measures can be taken. Raised awareness of this need may capture attention in the research and medical communities and potentially stimulate the development of strategies that limit future ACL injury and thus the challenges it brings to the high-risk female soccer athlete.
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Mancini, Sophia L., Clark Dickin, Dorice A. Hankemeier, Lindsey Rolston, and Henry Wang. "Risk of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury in Female Soccer Athletes: A Review." Journal of Orthopedics and Orthopedic Surgery 2, no. 1 (April 30, 2021): 13–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.29245/2767-5130/2021/1.1129.
Full textAbstract:
Soccer is becoming an increasingly popular sport amongst women. Common movements during play, such as jumping and cutting, require rapid acceleration and deceleration of multiple lower-limb joints. The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), which contributes to stabilization of the knee, is often injured during these events. ACL injury typically requires costly surgery, extended time away from sports, and jeopardizes long-term joint health. Due to sex-specific factors such as menstruation and anatomical disadvantages, women are more susceptible to tearing their ACL. Injury often occurs in non-contact scenarios during rapid acceleration or deceleration movements. Research has examined these movements and established several kinematic and kinetic mechanisms as well as muscle activation patterns that frequently occur at the time of injury, however results tend to vary based on population. This article summarizes recent and relevant literature of ACL injury mechanisms and highlights the lack of specific research in the high-risk female soccer athlete population. Due to inconclusive risk factors, injury prevention programs within this population have been inconsistent. ACL injury risk for female soccer athletes should be closer examined so that more specific injury risks can be established, and effective protective measures can be taken. Raised awareness of this need may capture attention in the research and medical communities and potentially stimulate the development of strategies that limit future ACL injury and thus the challenges it brings to the high-risk female soccer athlete.
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Siqueira, Cássio Marinho, Fábio Ribeiro Mendes Mota Pelegrini, Maurício Furginelli Fontana, and Julia Maria D. Greve. "Isokinetic dynamometry of knee flexors and extensors: comparative study among non-athletes, jumper athletes and runner athletes." Revista do Hospital das Clínicas 57, no. 1 (February 2002): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0041-87812002000100004.
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Participation in intensive sports activities leads to muscular specializations that may generate alterations in involved articular forces and cause static (posture) and dynamic changes (alterations of articular stability, coordination, etc.). Prevention of injury requires specific functional muscular evaluation in all athletes and for any kind of sport. OBJECTIVE: To dynamically evaluate, through isokinetic tests, the peak torque, total work, and average power of the knee flexor and extensor muscles of jumper and runner athletes and compare them to those of a non-athletic population, evaluating dominance and balance between agonistic and antagonistic muscle groups. RESULTS: In the non-athlete group, we noted a higher asymmetry between the dominant and nondominant members. The jumpers had the highest values of the evaluated parameters of all groups, whereas parameters for the runners were intermediate between non-athletes and jumpers.
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Snyder Valier, Alison R., Kellie C. Huxel Bliven, Amy Gibson, Janet Simon, Thomas P. Dompier, Erin B. Wasserman, Kelsi L. Rynard, and Zachary Y. Kerr. "Non–Time-Loss and Time-Loss Softball Injuries in Secondary School Athletes: A Report From the National Athletic Treatment, Injury and Outcomes Network (NATION)." Journal of Athletic Training 55, no. 2 (February 1, 2020): 188–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-105-19.
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Context Most studies of injury trends associated with softball focus on injuries requiring at least 24 hours of missed participation time (time-loss [TL] injuries), with little focus on those that do not (non–time-loss [NTL] injuries). A better understanding of injury trends associated with softball will improve athlete care. Objective To describe NTL and TL injuries experienced by secondary school girls' softball players. Design Descriptive epidemiology study. Setting Secondary school athletic training clinics. Patients or Other Participants Secondary school girls' softball players. Main Outcome Measure(s) Aggregate data were collected from schools participating in the National Athletic Treatment, Injury, and Outcomes Network surveillance program during the 2011–2012 through 2013–2014 academic years. Frequencies and rates of injuries (NTL and TL) according to time of season, event type, body part injured, and diagnosis were analyzed. Results In total, 1059 injuries were reported during 140 073 athlete-exposures (AEs): overall injury rate = 7.56/1000 AEs. Of these injuries, 885 (83.6%) were NTL (NTL rate = 6.32/1000 AEs) and 174 (16.4%) were TL (TL rate = 1.24/1000 AEs). Of the NTL and TL injuries, the largest numbers occurred during the regular season (NTL: n = 443 [50.1%]; TL: n = 131 [75.3%]). Injuries sustained during practices accounted for the majority of NTL and TL injuries (NTL: n = 631 [71.3%]; TL: n = 104 [59.8%]). The NTL injuries occurred most often at the shoulder (n = 134 [15.1%]) and hand/fingers (n = 109 [12.3%]) and were diagnosed as contusions (n = 316 [35.7%]), strains (n = 157 [17.7%]), and abrasions (n = 151 [17.1%]). The largest numbers of TL injuries were to the head/face (n = 71 [40.8%]) and diagnosed as concussions (n = 50 [28.7%]) and strains (n = 28 [16.1%]). Conclusions Secondary school softball players sustained a larger proportion of NTL injuries than TL injuries. Although NTL injuries may be less severe, they are numerous. Efforts are needed to ensure that injury-prevention programs are incorporated into the care of softball athletes to promote health and reduce injury occurrence.
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Robison, Hannah J., Adrian J. Boltz, Sarah N. Morris, Christy L. Collins, and Avinash Chandran. "Epidemiology of Injuries in National Collegiate Athletic Association Women's Tennis: 2014–2015 Through 2018–2019." Journal of Athletic Training 56, no. 7 (July 1, 2021): 766–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-529-20.
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Context The National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) has sponsored women's tennis programs since 1966. Women's tennis has risen in global prominence and popularity within the NCAA. Background Continued surveillance of athletic injuries in the NCAA is critical for identifying emerging injury trends and assessing injury prevention strategies. Methods Exposure and injury data collected in the NCAA Injury Surveillance Program from 2014–2015 through 2018–2019 were analyzed. Injury counts, rates, and proportions were used to describe injury characteristics, and injury rate ratios were used to examine differential injury rates. Results The overall injury rate was 4.16 per 1000 athlete exposures. Injury to the shoulder, foot, and trunk were the most prevalent throughout the study period. Approximately 30% of all injury diagnoses were related to inflammatory conditions. Also, 32.1% of all injuries were time-loss injuries, and 45.0% of all injuries were non–time-loss injuries. Conclusions The findings of this study differed slightly from those of previous investigations, most notably with regard to injury rate by season segment and commonly injured body parts. Future surveillance efforts should attempt to capture the nuances of tennis competitions.
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Morriën, Floor, Matthew J. D. Taylor, and Florentina J. Hettinga. "Biomechanics in Paralympics: Implications for Performance." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 12, no. 5 (May 2017): 578–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2016-0199.
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Purpose:To provide an overview of biomechanical studies in Paralympic research and their relevance for performance in Paralympic sports.Methods:The search terms paralympic biomechanics, paralympic sport performance, paralympic athlete performance, and paralympic athlete were entered into the electronic database PubMed.Results:Thirty-four studies were found. Biomechanical studies in Paralympics mainly contributed to performance enhancement by technical optimization (n = 32) and/or injury prevention (n = 6). In addition, biomechanics was found to be important in understanding activity limitation caused by various impairments, which is relevant for evidence-based classification in Paralympic sports (n = 6). Distinctions were made between biomechanical studies in sitting (41%), standing (38%), and swimming athletes (21%). In sitting athletes, mostly kinematics and kinetics in wheelchair propulsion were studied, mainly in athletes with spinal-cord injuries. In addition, kinetics and/or kinematics in wheelchair basketball, seated discus throwing, stationary shot-putting, hand-cycling, sit-skiing, and ice sledge hockey received attention. In standing sports, primarily kinematics of athletes with amputations performing jump sports and running and the optimization of prosthetic devices were investigated. No studies were reported on other standing sports. In swimming, mainly kick rate and resistance training were studied.Conclusions:Biomechanical research is important for performance by gaining insight into technical optimization, injury prevention, and evidence-based classification in Paralympic sports. In future studies it is advised to also include physiological and biomechanical measures, allowing the assessment of the capability of the human body, as well as the resulting movement.
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Farah, Ghassan J., Brendon C. Mitchell, Matthew R. Schmitz, James D. Bomar, and Eric Edmonds. "Injury Patterns in Rugby Union—America’s Fastest Growing Sport." Journal of the Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America 4, no. 1 (January 29, 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.55275/jposna-2022-0019.
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Rugby union is the fastest growing sport in the USA, and its growth is only expected to continue to climb with the approaching 2023 Rugby World Cup. Rugby union carries risk for general and sport-specific injury. Tackles and high-impact collisions are a regular component of the game, and although often compared to American football, rugby union carries a unique pattern of injuries, with certain injuries occurring at a significantly higher rate. This review is aimed at familiarizing our orthopaedic workforce to the sport of rugby union and the evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment of the rugby union athlete. Injury prevention strategies guided by epidemiology, risk factors, and mechanisms of injury in rugby union athletes are critical.
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Derman, Wayne, Phoebe Runciman, Martin Schwellnus, Esme Jordaan, Cheri Blauwet, Nick Webborn, Jan Lexell, et al. "High precompetition injury rate dominates the injury profile at the Rio 2016 Summer Paralympic Games: a prospective cohort study of 51 198 athlete days." British Journal of Sports Medicine 52, no. 1 (October 13, 2017): 24–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2017-098039.
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ObjectivesTo describe the incidence of injury in the precompetition and competition periods of the Rio 2016 Summer Paralympic Games.MethodsA total of 3657 athletes from 78 countries, representing 83.4% of all athletes at the Games, were monitored on the web-based injury and illness surveillance system over 51 198 athlete days during the Rio 2016 Summer Paralympic Games. Injury data were obtained daily from teams with their own medical support.ResultsA total of 510 injuries were reported during the 14-day Games period, with an injury incidence rate (IR) of 10.0 injuries per 1000 athlete days (12.1% of all athletes surveyed). The highest IRs were reported for football 5-a-side (22.5), judo (15.5) and football 7-a-side (15.3) compared with other sports (p<0.05). Precompetition injuries were significantly higher than in the competition period (risk ratio: 1.40, p<0.05), and acute traumatic injuries were the most common injuries at the Games (IR of 5.5). The shoulder was the most common anatomical area affected by injury (IR of 1.8).ConclusionThe data from this study indicate that (1) IRs were lower than those reported for the London 2012 Summer Paralympic Games, (2) the sports of football 5-a-side, judo and football 7-a-side were independent risk factors for injury, (3) precompetition injuries had a higher IR than competition period injuries, (4) injuries to the shoulder were the most common. These results would allow for comparative data to be collected at future editions of the Games and can be used to inform injury prevention programmes.
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Palmer-Green, Debbie, Colin Fuller, Rod Jaques, and Glenn Hunter. "The Injury/Illness Performance Project (IIPP): A Novel Epidemiological Approach for Recording the Consequences of Sports Injuries and Illnesses." Journal of Sports Medicine 2013 (2013): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/523974.
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Background. Describing the frequency, severity, and causes of sports injuries and illnesses reliably is important for quantifying the risk to athletes and providing direction for prevention initiatives.Methods. Time-loss and/or medical-attention definitions have long been used in sports injury/illness epidemiology research, but the limitations to these definitions mean that some events are incorrectly classified or omitted completely, where athletes continue to train and compete at high levels but experience restrictions in their performance. Introducing a graded definition of performance-restriction may provide a solution to this issue.Results. Results from the Great Britain injury/illness performance project (IIPP) are presented using a performance-restriction adaptation of the accepted surveillance consensus methodologies. The IIPP involved 322 Olympic athletes (males: 172; female: 150) from 10 Great Britain Olympic sports between September 2009 and August 2012. Of all injuries (n=565), 216 were classified as causing time-loss, 346 as causing performance-restriction, and 3 were unclassified. For athlete illnesses (n=378), the majority (P<0.01) resulted in time-loss (270) compared with performance-restriction (101) (7 unclassified).Conclusions. Successful implementation of prevention strategies relies on the correct characterisation of injury/illness risk factors. Including a performance-restriction classification could provide a deeper understanding of injuries/illnesses and better informed prevention initiatives.
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Silva, João Diogo, António Cruz-Ferreira, Jorge Laíns, and Diogo Lino-Moura. "Biomecânica e traumatologia no râguebi." Revista de Medicina Desportiva Informa 13, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 20–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.23911/biotrauma_raguebi_2022_jan.
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Rugby is one of the team sports with the highest incidence rate of injuries per exposure time. These mainly occur in specific sport movements such as the tackle, ruck, or maul. Therefore, it is important to understand the sports’ specificities and biomechanics and link them with its risk and injury type. The most common reported injuries are musculotendinous and ligament ruptures of the lower limbs, however, we highlight the important incidence of severe head and neck injuries, like cerebral concussion and cervical spine fractures. It is essential to gather data that enable us to characterize the risk and specify of each movement performed by the athlete, to make more effective programs on injury-prevention and rehabilitation of injured athletes, always focusing on their full recovery and reinjure risk reduction.