Relevant bibliographies by topics / AtHKT1

Academic literature on the topic 'AtHKT1'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "AtHKT1"

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White, Philip J. "Confirming a conformist conformation: the topology of AtHKT1." Trends in Plant Science 6, no. 7 (July 2001): 293–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1360-1385(01)02036-2.

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Rus, Ana, Byeong-ha Lee, Alicia Muñoz-Mayor, Altanbadralt Sharkhuu, Kenji Miura, Jian-Kang Zhu, Ray A. Bressan, and Paul M. Hasegawa. "AtHKT1 Facilitates Na+ Homeostasis and K+ Nutrition in Planta." Plant Physiology 136, no. 1 (September 2004): 2500–2511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1104/pp.104.042234.

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Horie, Tomoaki, Rie Horie, Wai-Yin Chan, Ho-Yin Leung, and Julian I. Schroeder. "Calcium Regulation of Sodium Hypersensitivities of sos3 and athkt1 Mutants." Plant and Cell Physiology 47, no. 5 (May 1, 2006): 622–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pcp/pcj029.

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Rus, A., S. Yokoi, A. Sharkhuu, M. Reddy, B. h. Lee, T. K. Matsumoto, H. Koiwa, J. K. Zhu, R. A. Bressan, and P. M. Hasegawa. "AtHKT1 is a salt tolerance determinant that controls Na+ entry into plant roots." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 98, no. 24 (November 6, 2001): 14150–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.241501798.

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Rus, Ana, Ivan Baxter, Balasubramaniam Muthukumar, Jeff Gustin, Brett Lahner, Elena Yakubova, and David E. Salt. "Natural Variants of AtHKT1 Enhance Na+ Accumulation in Two Wild Populations of Arabidopsis." PLoS Genetics 2, no. 12 (2006): e210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.0020210.

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Rus, Ana, Ivan Baxter, Balasubramaniam Muthukumar, Jeff Gustin, Brett Lahner, Elena Yakubova, and David E. Salt. "Natural Variants of AtHKT1 Enhance Na+ Accumulation in Two Wild Populations of Arabidopsis." PLoS Genetics preprint, no. 2006 (2005): e210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.0020210.eor.

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An, Dong, Jiu-Geng Chen, Yi-Qun Gao, Xiang Li, Zhen-Fei Chao, Zi-Ru Chen, Qian-Qian Li, et al. "AtHKT1 drives adaptation of Arabidopsis thaliana to salinity by reducing floral sodium content." PLOS Genetics 13, no. 10 (October 30, 2017): e1007086. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1007086.

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KATO, Yasuhiro, Akihiro HAZAMA, Mutsumi YAMAGAMI, and Nobuyuki UOZUMI. "Addition of a Peptide Tag at the C Terminus of AtHKT1 Inhibits Its Na+Transport." Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry 67, no. 10 (January 2003): 2291–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1271/bbb.67.2291.

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Sunarpi, Tomoaki Horie, Jo Motoda, Masahiro Kubo, Hua Yang, Kinya Yoda, Rie Horie, et al. "Enhanced salt tolerance mediated by AtHKT1 transporter-induced Na+ unloading from xylem vessels to xylem parenchyma cells." Plant Journal 44, no. 6 (November 25, 2005): 928–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-313x.2005.02595.x.

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Berthomieu, P. "Functional analysis of AtHKT1 in Arabidopsis shows that Na+ recirculation by the phloem is crucial for salt tolerance." EMBO Journal 22, no. 9 (May 1, 2003): 2004–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/emboj/cdg207.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "AtHKT1"

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Baccarini, Paul Joseph. "Transition metal homeostasis in Arabidopsis thaliana : the role of AtHMA4 and AtHMA1." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.418014.

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Tian, Lu. "Arabidopsis thaliana histone deacetylase 1 (AtHD1) and epigenetic regulation." Diss., Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/23.

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Epigenetic regulation is a mechanism by which heritable changes in gene expression are controlled by chromatin status rather than primary DNA sequence. Changes in chromatin structure affect accessibility of DNA elements to the transcriptional machinery and thus affect transcription activity of the gene. A key event in this process is reversible modification of core histones, which is catalyzed by histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDs, HDAs, or HDACs). In general, histone deacetylation is related to transcriptional gene silencing, whereas acetylation is associated with gene activation.To study the role of histone deacetylase in plant gene regulation and development, we generated constitutive antisense histone deacetylase 1 (CASH) transgenic plants. AtHD1 is a homolog of RPD3 protein, a global transcriptional regulator in yeast. Expression of the antisense AtHD1 caused dramatic reduction in endogenous AtHD1 transcription, resulting in accumulation of acetylated histones. Down-regulation of histone deacetylation caused a variety of growth and developmental abnormalities and ectopic expression of tissue-specific genes. However, changes in genomic DNA methylation were not detected in repetitive DNA sequences in the transgenic plants.We also identified a T-DNA insertion line in exon 2 of AtHD1 gene (athd1-t1), resulting in a null allele at the locus. The complete inhibition of the AtHD1 expression induced growth and developmental defects similar to those of CASH transgenic plants. The phenotypic abnormalities were heritable across the generations in the mutants. When the athd1-t1/athd1-t1 plants were crossed to wild-type plants, the mutant phenotype was corrected in the F1 hybrids, which correlated with the AtHD1 expression and reduction of histone H4 Lys12 acetylation. Microarray analysis was applied to determine genome-wide changes in transcriptional profiles in the athd1-t1 mutant. Approximately 6.7% (1,753) of the genes were differentially expressed in leaves between the wild-type (Ws) and the athd1-t1 mutant, whereas 4.8% (1,263) of the genes were up- or down-regulated in flower buds of the mutant. These affected genes were randomly distributed across five chromosomes of Arabidopsis and represented a wide range of biological functions. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays indicated that the activation for a subset of genes was directly associated with changes in acetylation profiles.
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Guszpit, Emilia. "Localization of AtHOG1 and AtHOG2 in Arabidopsis plants at the tissue and subcellular levels." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för vård och natur, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-4446.

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Plant hormones are responsible for plant growth and adaptation to the environment. Among them the most important are cytokinins. Plants undergo gene silencing processes called homology-dependent gene silencing processes. In Arabidopsis there are two homology-dependent gene silencing genes that were chosen for further study, namely AtHOG1 and AtHOG2. Transgenic plants were generated previously with ten different constructs containing AtHOG1 or AtHOG2 genes and were used in this study. Some of the constructs had GFP attached so that the protein expressed could be visualised in a confocal microscope. Transgenic plants generated were T1 and T2 generations. Their DNA was extracted from leaves. By means of PCR transgenic plants were identified. There were 147 samples. Among them there were 39 positiveswith BAR primers and 32 positives with construct specific primers. The localisation of the HOG2 protein was observed in a confocal microscope. Seeds used were T3 generation and were obtained from the lab. HOG2 protein was found to be localised in cell membrane, root tip and chloroplasts.
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Fong, Man Kim. "Characterization and expression of histone deacetylase 1 (athd1) in Arabidopsis thaliana." Thesis, Texas A&M University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/2365.

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The reversible process of histone acetylation and deacetylation is an important mechanism of epigenetic regulation in the control of gene expression and chromatin structure. In general, histone acetylation is related to gene activation, whereas histone deacetylation is associated with transcriptional gene silencing and maintenance of heterochromatin. A large number of histone deacetylases (HDACs), the enzymes that catalyze the reaction of histone deacetylation, have been identified in plants and other eukaryotes, and they were found to play crucial roles in plant growth and development. In Arabidopsis thaliana, histone deacetylase 1 (AtHD1) is a homolog of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Rpd3 that is a global transcriptional regulator. Downregulation of AtHD1 in transgenic Arabidopsis results in histone hyperacetylation and induces a variety of phenotypic and developmental defects, suggesting that AtHD1 is also a global regulator of many physiological and developmental processes. To characterize the expression pattern and distribution of AtHD1 in cells, the subcellular location of AtHD1 was determined by monitoring the expression of an AtHD1-GFP fusion protein in a transient expression assay and in transgenic Arabidopsis.The results show that AtHD1 is localized in the nucleus and appears to be excluded from the nucleolus. The histone deacetylase activity of AtHD1 was studied in an in vitro assay using radiolabeled histone peptides as a substrate. Recombinant AtHD1 produced by bacteria demonstrated a moderate but significant HDAC activity, whereas that produced by the baculovirus expression system did not have activity. This suggests that AtHD1 may require other cofactors or association with other proteins, rather than post-translational modifications, in order to have full HDAC activity. To study the possible interactions of AtHD1 with other proteins, a recombinant AtHD1 protein with two units of c-myc epitope fused to its C-terminus was expressed in transgenic Arabidopsis. We attempted to isolate proteins interacting with AtHD1 by co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP). However, in the first few trials of Co-IP, a lot of contaminating proteins were present in the eluent along with the recombinant AtHD1-cmyc protein. Improvements in the experimental conditions are required for further investigation.
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Echegaray, Wilson Erik Rubens. "Life cycle of the rove beetle, Atheta coriaria (Kraatz) (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) and suitability as a biological control agent against the fungus gnat, Bradysia sp. nr. Coprophila (Lintner)." Diss., Kansas State University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/13624.

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Doctor of Philosophy
Department of Entomology
Raymond A. Cloyd
The life history of the rove beetle, Atheta coriaria (Kraatz) (Coleoptera:Staphylinidae), predation against the fungus gnat Bradysia sp. nr. coprophila (Lintner) and compatibility with pesticides and plant growth regulators was investigated under laboratory conditions using Sunshine LC1 Professional Growing Mix as a substrate. Duration of life stages was 2.2, 7.1, and 7.8 days for egg, larva and pupa respectively, at 26°C, whereas total development time from egg to adult was 17.0 days. In addition, A. coriaria male and female adult longevity was 60.3 and 47.8 days. Average fecundity was 90.2 eggs per female and the number of adults produced per female was 69.1. There were no significant differences in prey consumption when using second and third instar fungus gnat larvae as prey and starved and non-starved rove beetles. Overall, predation efficacy in Petri dishes was high (70 to 80%) as fungus gnat larval density increased with 3.9, 7.0, 11.1, and 15.3 larvae consumed in 24 hours after exposure of 5, 10, 15 and 20 fungus gnat larvae to one rove beetle adult. However, lower predation rates were found at different predator:prey ratios when using 1 to 5 rove beetles and growing medium as a substrate. The direct and indirect effects of pesticides and plant growth regulators on A. coriaria were investigated under laboratory conditions. Rove beetle survival was consistently higher when adults were released 24 hours after rather than before applying pesticides. Acetamiprid, lambda-cyhalothrin, and cyfluthrin were directly harmful to rove beetle adults, whereas Beauveria bassiana, azadirachtin and organic oils were compatible with A. coriaria. Similarly, the plant growth regulators acymidol, paclobutrazol and uniconazole were not harmful to rove beetle adults. In addition, Beauveria bassiana, azadirachtin, kinoprene, organic oils, and the plant growth regulators did not negatively affect A. coriaria development. However, Beauveria bassiana did negatively affect rove beetle prey consumption. This study demonstrated that A. coriaria is not compatible with the pesticides acetamiprid, lambda-cyhalothrin and cyfluthrin, whereas there is compatibility with organic oils, Beauveria bassiana, azadirachtin, and the plant growth regulators. As such, these compounds may be used in combination with A. coriaria in greenhouse production systems.
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森澤, 学. "高等植物由来のMAR結合タンパクに関する研究(コムギAHM1とシロイヌナズナAtHMR1の機能解析)." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/150873.

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He, Susu. "Functional localization study of acid trehalase (Ath1) and its secretion mechanism in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Toulouse, INSA, 2009. http://eprint.insa-toulouse.fr/archive/00000334/.

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Des études précédentes sur la levure Saccharomyces cerevisiae ont proposé une vacuolaire localisation pour Ath1, qui est difficile à concilier avec sa capacité à hydrolyser tréhalose exogènes. Dans notre étude, nous avons utilisé la microscopie fluorescente à montrer que Ath1 est bien localisées dans la vacuole, mais aussi à la surface cellulaire. Néanmoins, que Ath1 à la surface cellulaire est responsable pour la croissance sur tréhalose, et Ath1 dans la vacuole est enclin à protéolyse. Deuxième partie sur l’étude de domaine protéique, nous avons montré que les N-terminales 131 acides aminés de Ath1 sont le domaine potentiel pour l’adressage à la surface, parmi le domaine transmembranaire est indispensable. Enfin, la voie de ciblage de Ath1 dans la cellule de levure a été étudié. En utilisant différent mutants impliqués dans la voie de ciblage à la vacuole, nous avons prouvé que le ciblage d'Ath1 vers la vacuole emprunte une voie intracellulaire, indépendant de l’endocytosis. De plus, le ciblage à la surface probablement emprunte la voie "classique" de sécrétion en aide d’un group de Sec protéines. Ces études sont en cours
Trehalose (alpha-D-glucopyranosyl (1→1) alpha-D-gluocopyranoside) is a non-reducing disaccharide found in many organisms including yeasts, fungi, bacteria, plants and insects. In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, trehalose is one of the major storage carbohydrates, accounting for more than 25% of cell dry mass depending on growth conditions and stage of the yeast life cycle (Hottiger et al. , 1987a; Jules et al. , 2008; Lillie and Pringle, 1980). The accumulation of intracellular trehalose has two potential functions. First, it constitutes an endogenous storage of carbon and energy during spore germination and in resting cells. Second, trehalose acts as a stabilizer of cellular membranes and proteins (Francois and Parrou, 2001; Simola et al. , 2000; Singer and Lindquist, 1998). In the yeast S. Cerevisiae, trehalose is hydrolyzed into glucose by the action of two types of trehalases: the ‘neutral trehalases’ encoded by NTH1 and NTH2 (Jules et al. , 2008; Mittenbuhler and Holzer, 1988), which are optimally active at pH 7, and the ‘acid trehalase’ encoded by ATH1, showing optimal activity at pH 4. 5 (Destruelle et al. , 1995). Neutral trehalase has been well studied and is known to hydrolyze trehalose in the cytosol. While fungal acid trehalases, including the yeast Candida albicans (Pedreno et al. , 2004) and Kluyveromyces lactis (Swaim et al. , 2008) enzymes, have been reported to be localized at the cell surface, the localization of the S. Cerevisiae acid trehalase is still a matter of controversy. In 1982, Wiemken and coworkers (Keller et al. , 1982) first identified this protein in vacuole-enriched fraction obtained by density gradient centrifugation of a yeast protoplast preparation. Vacuolar localization of acid trehalase was very recently supported by in vivo imaging analyses using GFP-Ath1 fusion constructs under the strong and constitutive TPI1 promoter (Huang et al. , 2007). Furthermore, these authors employed various trafficking mutants to show that this acid trehalase reaches its vacuolar destination through the multivesicular body (MVB) pathway. However, this localization contrasts with the fact that this enzyme allows yeast to grow on exogenous trehalose (Nwaka et al. , 1995b), and with a measurable Ath1 activity at the cell surface (Jules et al. , 2004)
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Sundstrom, Joanna Faye. "Role and control of HKT in Oryza sativa & Arabidopsis thaliana." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/68832.

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Salinity is a major abiotic stress influencing agricultural production in Australia and around the world. Plants grown in saline conditions are affected by both osmotic and ionic stress components. The focus of this thesis is on the ionic stress component of salinity stress and in particular the build up of sodium ions (Na⁺) in the leaf cytoplasm, one of the main components of salinity toxicity. In this thesis, genes encoding the high affinity potassium transporter family of proteins (HKTs) are studied in the plants Oryza sativa (rice) and Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis). These HKT transporters encode Na⁺ permeable membrane proteins and transport either Na⁺ selectively or co-transport Na⁺ and K⁺. HKT transporters have been identified in a number of plant species and to date have mainly been shown to be involved in reducing Na⁺ stress. A family of nine HKT genes have been identified in rice. Published reports to date have mainly investigated the function of these OsHKT genes in heterologous systems or have focused on one or two OsHKT genes in planta. During this PhD, tissue specific expression profiles were determined for each of the nine OsHKT genes, in ten rice varieties, exposed to a NaCl stress. Of most interest was OsHKT1;3 which showed very high levels of expression in leaf blades and sheath and higher levels of expression in NaCl treated roots compared to controls, across rice varieties. A range of experiments were designed to obtain further information regarding OsHKT1;3, as little was known about this gene or the encoded protein at the time of these experiments. A notable discovery was the identification of a novel OsHKT1;3 splice variant. In contrast to rice, Arabidopsis has only one HKT gene, AtHKT1;1. AtHKT1;1 is located in cells surrounding the xylem and is likely to be involved in the retrieval of Na⁺ from the xylem, thereby minimising shoot Na⁺ accumulation. To investigate the regulation of AtHKT1;1 gene expression two Arabidopsis ecotypes, Columbia-0 (Col-0) and C24, shown by QRT-PCR to have different AtHKT1;1 root expression levels, were studied. Sequencing of the C24 AtHKT1;1 promoter revealed substantial sequence differences between the Col-0 and C24 promoters, particularly 150 to 200 bp upstream of the AtHKT1;1 ATG start codon. It was hypothesised that these sequence differences were responsible for the lack of AtHKT1;1 root specific expression in C24 plants, due to a lack of transcription factor binding motif(s) or particular root specific transcription factor(s). To test this hypothesis a series of AtHKT1;1 promoter::GFP and AtHKT1;1 promoter::AtHKT1;1 cDNA constructs, with different combinations of Col-0 and C24 sequences, were tested. Preliminary results suggest that both the Col-0 and C24 AtHKT1;1 promoters are able to drive expression of the downstream transgene and therefore the sequence differences between the promoters is not the cause of the lack of C24 AtHKT1;1 root expression. A 1.6 kb insertion, identified in the second intron of the C24 AtHKT1;1 gene, is now proposed to disrupt C24 AtHKT1;1 root specific expression.
Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, 2011
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Books on the topic "AtHKT1"

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Dvivedī, Prabhunātha. Athāto dharmajijñāsa. Vārāṇasī: Śruti Prakāśana, 2013.

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Ghāṇekara, Pra Ke. Athāto durgajijñāsā. Puṇe: Snehala Prakāśana, 1991.

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Athāth qadīm: Majmuʻah qiṣaṣīyah. [Ṣafāqis?: s.n.], 2006.

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al-ʻ Athth. Bayrūt: al-Muʾassasah al-ʻArabīyah lil-Dirāsāt wa-al-Nashr, 2001.

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Athāth al-Muṣḥaf fī Miṣr fī ʻAṣr al-Mamālīk. al-Qāhirah: Dār al-Qāhirah, 2004.

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al-Athāth al-Ṣīnī: Zhongguo jia ju : Alabo wen / Zhang Xiaoming zhu ; Maliya'anna yi. Beijing Shi: Wu zhou chuan bo chu ban she, 2011.

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Bayt al-falāḥ al-Filasṭīnī: Maʻānin thaqāfīyah wa-ʻādāt wa-taqālīd ijtimāʻīyah, athāth wa-firāsh wa-adawāt. Bayt Laḥm: Markaz Ḥasan Muṣṭafá al-Thaqāfī, 2013.

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AIC Conference (6th 1985 Het Meerdal Park). Ventilation strategies and measurement techniques: (held atHet Meerdal Park, Southern Netherlands, 16-19 September 1985). Bracknell: Air Infiltration Centre, 1985.

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Madīnat Ṣaʻdah: Turāth rūḥī : lamaḥāt min al-mawrūth al-shaʻbī fī al-bināʼ wa-al-athāth wa-al-malābis wa-adawāt al-maʻīshah. [Ṣanʻāʼ]: Markaz Ṣaʻdah lil-Ihtimām bi-al-Turāth, 2002.

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Madīnat Ṣaʻdah: Turāth rūḥī : lamaḥāt min al-mawrūth al-shaʻbī fī al-bināʾ wa-al-athāth wa-al-malābis wa-adawāt al-maʻīshah. [Ṣanʻāʾ]: Markaz Ṣaʻdah lil-Ihtimām bi-al-Turāth, 2002.

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Book chapters on the topic "AtHKT1"

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"Grandparents "athe1"S~ _______." In Elem Folk Psyc:Esc V7, 63–65. Routledge, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315015453-16.

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"49. Das Blutbad des Dorfes Ḥesno d-Athto." In Shed Blood, edited by Amill Gorgis and George Toro, 119–20. Piscataway, NJ, USA: Gorgias Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.31826/9781463230937-052.

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Issarathumnoon, Wimonrart. "The transformation of ‘urban ordinaries’ into creative places." In Asian Alleyways. Nieuwe Prinsengracht 89 1018 VR Amsterdam Nederland: Amsterdam University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463729604_ch04.

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Traditional alleyway (trok, ตรอก) neighbourhoods in Bangkok are ideal examples of Asian ‘urban ordinaries’ that have been converted into cultural and creative sites. This chapter explores the transformation of a local shopping street, the Phra Athit-Phra Sumen (พระอาทิ ตย์-พระสุ เมรุ) corridor in Bangkok’s Old Town, a part of the Banglamphu (บางลำ�พู) and Baan Phanthom (บ้ านพานถม) neighbourhoods in the northern precinct of Bangkok’s heritage core. It provides insights into the process of spontaneous regeneration through the organic expansion of shops with new creative uses. This dynamic can reduce controversy among potentially competing agendas – the daily needs of residents and shopkeepers, heritage conservation, and creative placemaking. The study highlights how the negative consequences of urban change can be mitigated by promoting venues for creative exchange and learning.
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Conference papers on the topic "AtHKT1"

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Fainman, Y., K. Ikeda, and D. T. H. Tan. "Nanophotonics for Information Systems." In Advances in Optical Materials. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/aiom.2009.athb1.

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Nishii, Junji. "Glass-imprinting for Optical Device Fabrication." In Advances in Optical Materials. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/aiom.2009.athc1.

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Knight, J. C. "What’s the Use of Silica Microstructured Fibers?" In Advances in Optical Materials. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/aiom.2009.athd1.

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Gomes, Nathan J., Pengbo Shen, Jeanne James, Anthony Nkansah, and Xing Liang. "Indoor Pico-cellular Network Operation Based on a Simple Optical Millimeter-wave Generation Scheme." In Access Networks and In-house Communications. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/anic.2010.atha1.

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Bülow, Henning. "Coherent Multi Channel Transmission over Multimode-Fiber and Related Signal Processing." In Access Networks and In-house Communications. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/anic.2010.athb1.

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Brenot, R., G. De Valicourt, F. Poingt, F. Lelarge, and F. Pommereau. "Potential benefits and limitations of SOA in Access Networks." In Access Networks and In-house Communications. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/anic.2010.athc1.

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Alemany, Ruben, Yan Shi, Hejie Yang, Rakesh Sambaraju, Chigo M. Okonkwo, Eduward Tangdiongga, Antonius M. J. Koonen, and Javier Herrera. "UWB Radio over MMF Transmission with Optical Frequency Up-conversion to the 24-GHz Band." In Access Networks and In-house Communications. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/anic.2010.athd1.

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Zuegel, J. D. "“Laser Fusion for Laser Jocks: Basic Principles and Laser Applications Meeting a Grand Challenge”." In Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics: Applications. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_apps.2010.atha1.

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Burns, John. "Control Theory and Adaptive Optics." In Adaptive Optics: Methods, Analysis and Applications. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/aopt.2005.atha1.

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Tyler, Glenn A. "Assessment of Issues for Propagation through Strong Turbulence." In Adaptive Optics: Methods, Analysis and Applications. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/aopt.2005.athb1.

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Reports on the topic "AtHKT1"

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Granot, David, Richard Amasino, and Avner Silber. Mutual effects of hexose phosphorylation enzymes and phosphorous on plant development. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7587223.bard.

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Research objectives 1) Analyze the combined effects of hexose phosphorylation and P level in tomato and Arabidopsis plants 2) Analyze the combined effects of hexose phosphorylation and P level in pho1 and pho2 Arabidopsis mutants 3) Clone and analyze the PHO2 gene 4) Select Arabidopsis mutants resistant to high and low P 5) Analyze the Arabidopsis mutants and clone the corresponding genes 6) Survey wild tomato species for growth characteristics at various P levels Background to the topic Hexose phosphorylating enzymes, the first enzymes of sugar metabolism, regulate key processes in plants such as photosynthesis, growth, senescence and vascular transport. We have previously discovered that hexose phosphorylating enzymes might regulate these processes as a function of phosphorous (P) concentration, and might accelerate acquisition of P, one of the most limiting nutrients in the soil. These discoveries have opened new avenues to gain fundamental knowledge about the relationship between P, sugar phosphorylation and plant development. Since both hexose phosphorylating enzymes and P levels affect plant development, their interaction is of major importance for agriculture. Due to the acceleration of senescence caused by the combined effects of hexose phosphorylation and P concentration, traits affecting P uptake may have been lost in the course of cultivation in which fertilization with relatively high P (30 mg/L) are commonly used. We therefore intended to survey wild tomato species for high P-acquisition at low P soil levels. Genetic resources with high P-acquisition will serve not only to generate a segregating population to map the trait and clone the gene, but will also provide a means to follow the trait in classical breeding programs. This approach could potentially be applicable for other crops as well. Major conclusions, solutions, achievements Our results confirm the mutual effect of hexose phosphorylating enzymes and P level on plant development. Two major aspects of this mutual effect arose. One is related to P toxicity in which HXK seems to play a major role, and the second is related to the effect of HXK on P concentration in the plant. Using tomato plants we demonstrated that high HXK activity increased leaf P concentration, and induced P toxicity when leaf P concentration increases above a certain high level. These results further support our prediction that the desired trait of high-P acquisition might have been lost in the course of cultivation and might exist in wild species. Indeed, in a survey of wild species we identified tomato species that acquired P and performed better at low P (in the irrigation water) compared to the cultivated Lycopersicon esculentum species. The connection between hexose phosphorylation and P toxicity has also been shown with the P sensitive species VerticordiaplumosaL . in which P toxicity is manifested by accelerated senescence (Silber et al., 2003). In a previous work we uncovered the phenomenon of sugar induced cell death (SICD) in yeast cells. Subsequently we showed that SICD is dependent on the rate of hexose phosphorylation as determined by Arabidopsis thaliana hexokinase. In this study we have shown that hexokinase dependent SICD has many characteristics of programmed cell death (PCD) (Granot et al., 2003). High hexokinase activity accelerates senescence (a PCD process) of tomato plants, which is further enhanced by high P. Hence, hexokinase mediated PCD might be a general phenomena. Botrytis cinerea is a non-specific, necrotrophic pathogen that attacks many plant species, including tomato. Senescing leaves are particularly susceptible to B. cinerea infection and delaying leaf senescence might reduce this susceptibility. It has been suggested that B. cinerea’s mode of action may be based on induction of precocious senescence. Using tomato plants developed in the course of the preceding BARD grant (IS 2894-97) and characterized throughout this research (Swartzberg et al., 2006), we have shown that B. cinerea indeed induces senescence and is inhibited by autoregulated production of cytokinin (Swartzberg et al., submitted). To further determine how hexokinase mediates sugar effects we have analyzed tomato plants that express Arabidopsis HXK1 (AtHXK1) grown at different P levels in the irrigation water. We found that Arabidopsis hexokinase mediates sugar signalling in tomato plants independently of hexose phosphate (Kandel-Kfir et al., submitted). To study which hexokinase is involved in sugar sensing we searched and identified two additional HXK genes in tomato plants (Kandel-Kfir et al., 2006). Tomato plants have two different hexose phosphorylating enzymes; hexokinases (HXKs) that can phosphorylate either glucose or fructose, and fructokinases (FRKs) that specifically phosphorylate fructose. To complete the search for genes encoding hexose phosphorylating enzymes we identified a forth fructokinase gene (FRK) (German et al., 2004). The intracellular localization of the four tomato HXK and four FRK enzymes has been determined using GFP fusion analysis in tobacco protoplasts (Kandel-Kfir et al., 2006; Hilla-Weissler et al., 2006). One of the HXK isozymes and one of the FRK isozymes are located within plastids. The other three HXK isozymes are associated with the mitochondria while the other three FRK isozymes are dispersed in the cytosol. We concluded that HXK and FRK are spatially separated in plant cytoplasm and accordingly might play different metabolic and perhaps signalling roles. We have started to analyze the role of the various HXK and FRK genes in plant development. So far we found that LeFRK2 is required for xylem development (German et al., 2003). Irrigation with different P levels had no effect on the phenotype of LeFRK2 antisense plants. In the course of this research we developed a rapid method for the analysis of zygosity in transgenic plants (German et al., 2003).
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