Journal articles: 'ATC'

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Jeong, Rag-Gyo, Baek-Hyun Kim, Seok-Won Kang, and Geon-Won Park. "Prevention of the Malfunction of the ATS Signaling System by Parallel Operation with ATC." Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers 64, no. 7 (July 1, 2015): 1019–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5370/kiee.2015.64.7.1019.

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Abbasifarid, Elnaz, Sayed Mahmoud Sajjadi-Jazi, Maryam Beheshtian, Hilda Samimi, Bagher Larijani, and Vahid Haghpanah. "The Role of ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters in the Chemoresistance of Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer: A Systematic Review." Endocrinology 160, no. 8 (July 4, 2019): 2015–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2019-00241.

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AbstractAnaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is an aggressive type of thyroid cancer with a high mortality rate. Cytotoxic drugs are among the treatment modalities usually used for ATC treatment. However, systemic chemotherapies for ATC have not been shown to have remarkable efficacy. ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters have been suggested as a possible mechanism in ATC resistance to chemotherapy. This systematic review was aimed to define the possible roles of ABC transporters in ATC resistance to chemotherapy. Numerous databases, including Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Ovid, ProQuest, and EBSCO, were searched for papers published since 1990, with predefined keywords. The literature searches were updated twice, in 2015 and 2017. All identified articles were reviewed, and 14 papers that met the inclusion criteria were selected. In the eligible studies, the roles of 10 out of 49 ABC transporters were evaluated; among them, three pumps (ABCB1, ABCC1, and ABCG2) were the most studied transporters in ATC samples. ABCC1 and ABCG2 had the highest expression rates in ATC, and ABCB1 ranked second among the inspected transporters. In conclusion, ABC transporters are the major determinants of ATC resistance to chemotherapy. By identifying these transporters, we can tailor the best treatment approach for patients with ATC. Additional studies are needed to define the exact role of each ABC transporter and other mechanisms in ATC drug resistance.

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Joseph, Bilgimol Chumappumkal, Byron Y. Miyazawa, Charles T. Esmon, Mitchell J. Cohen, Annette von Drygalski, and Laurent O. Mosnier. "An engineered activated factor V for the prevention and treatment of acute traumatic coagulopathy and bleeding in mice." Blood Advances 6, no. 3 (February 3, 2022): 959–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/bloodadvances.2021005257.

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Abstract Acute traumatic coagulopathy (ATC) occurs in approximately 30% of patients with trauma and is associated with increased mortality. Excessive generation of activated protein C (APC) and hyperfibrinolysis are believed to be driving forces for ATC. Two mouse models were used to investigate whether an engineered activated FV variant (superFVa) that is resistant to inactivation by APC and contains a stabilizing A2-A3 domain disulfide bond can reduce traumatic bleeding and normalize hemostasis parameters in ATC. First, ATC was induced by the combination of trauma and shock. ATC was characterized by activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) prolongation and reductions of factor V (FV), factor VIII (FVIII), and fibrinogen but not factor II and factor X. Administration of superFVa normalized the APTT, returned FV and FVIII clotting activity levels to their normal range, and reduced APC and thrombin-antithrombin (TAT) levels, indicating improved hemostasis. Next, a liver laceration model was used where ATC develops as a consequence of severe bleeding. superFVa prophylaxis before liver laceration reduced bleeding and prevented APTT prolongation, depletion of FV and FVIII, and excessive generation of APC. Thus, prophylactic administration of superFVa prevented the development of ATC. superFVa intervention started after the development of ATC stabilized bleeding, reversed prolonged APTT, returned FV and FVIII levels to their normal range, and reduced TAT levels that were increased by ATC. In summary, superFVa prevented ATC and traumatic bleeding when administered prophylactically, and superFVa stabilized bleeding and reversed abnormal hemostasis parameters when administered while ATC was in progress. Thus, superFVa may be an attractive strategy to intercept ATC and mitigate traumatic bleeding.

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Kim, Hanyoung, and Jinchoon Lee. "A Case Study on Improving for Operating ATC/ATO System and Driving Environment Using FMECA." Journal of the Korean society for railway 15, no. 6 (December 31, 2012): 550–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.7782/jksr.2012.15.6.550.

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Eidiani, M., and M. H. M. Shanechi. "FAD-ATC: A new method for computing dynamic ATC." International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems 28, no. 2 (February 2006): 109–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2005.11.004.

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TSUTANI, Kiichiro, Ataru IGARASHI, and Kaoru MORIKAWA. "What is ATC/DDD ?" Japanese Journal of Pharmacoepidemiology/Yakuzai ekigaku 9, no. 2 (2004): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3820/jjpe1996.9.53.

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Chen, Jinyuan, Yawen Guo, Yang Lu, Zhaoyuan He, Yali Zhu, Shuyu Liu, and Kaizhou Xie. "Effects of Acremonium terricola Culture on the Growth, Slaughter Yield, Immune Organ, Serum Biochemical Indexes, and Antioxidant Indexes of Geese." Animals 12, no. 9 (May 2, 2022): 1164. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12091164.

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Acremonium terricola culture (ATC) is a new type of green feed additive, and its main components include cordycepin, adenosine, and ergosterol. In this study, the Hortobagy geese were used as the experimental animals to explore the effects of ATC addition to the basal diet. Seven hundred and twenty 1-day-old Hortobagy geese were randomly divided into four treatment groups, each with 180 geese divided into six pens equally. The four treatments included the control group and three experimental treatments. Half of the geese in each group were males and half were females. All geese were offered the same basal diet with ATC supplementation at 0, 3, 5, and 7 g/kg. The results showed that basal diet supplementation with 7 g/kg ATC reduced the feed conversion rate (FCR) of Hortobagy geese in a highly significant manner (p < 0.01). When the dosage of ATC was 3 g/kg, the breast muscle rate and leg muscle rate of female geese were significantly increased (p < 0.05). ATC supplementation in the basal diet had no significant effect on the immune organ index of Hortobagy geese (p > 0.05). Basal diet supplementation with 3 g/kg and 5 g/kg ATC significantly reduced the alanine aminotransferase (ALT) content in the serum of female geese, significantly increased the total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) of the serum, and significantly reduced the malondialdehyde (MDA) content in the serum (p < 0.05). The addition of 5 g/kg and 7 g/kg ATC to the basal diet reduced the blood glucose (GLU) content in male geese in a highly significant manner (p < 0.01). A basal diet supplemented with 3 g/kg and 7 g/kg ATC significantly reduced the MDA content in geese breast muscles (p < 0.05). Basal diet supplementation with 3 g/kg ATC highly significantly improved the T-AOC of female geese breast muscles (p < 0.01). Basal diet supplementation with 5 g/kg ATC significantly improved the T-AOC of female geese leg muscles (p < 0.01). In summary, basal diet supplementation with ATC enhances the growth performance and antioxidant properties of Hortobagy geese.

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Boston, Catherine H., Jimin Wu, Diane Liu, Michele Guindani, and Patrick A. Zweidler-McKay. "Absolute T Cell Counts At Diagnosis Predict Absolute Lymphocyte Counts Throughout Therapy For Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: Evidence For Age-Related Loss Of T Cells and Poor Outcome." Blood 122, no. 21 (November 15, 2013): 2599. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v122.21.2599.2599.

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Abstract Background Absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) during early therapy has been established as an independent prognostic factor in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Importantly, ALC can refine minimal residual disease (MRD)-based risk stratification, particularly for MRD-positive patients. However age-dependent effects on ALC, the lymphocyte subtype (T, NK, B) which underlies this finding, and the role of ALC at relapse are not yet known. Methods Patients with de novo pediatric B-cell ALL had blood samples drawn biweekly during induction chemotherapy and lymphocyte subsets analyzed at different time points by flow cytometry. In addition, ALC was recorded at time points throughout induction and early consolidation chemotherapy, in maintenance therapy, and at time of relapse. Demographic, NCI risk, and treatment characteristics were also collected. Continuous variables were analyzed with Pearson’s coefficient, and categorical variables were analyzed with two-sided Barnard’s test. Survival statistics were measured with Kaplan-Meier curves and accelerated failure time analysis. Results A total of 21 children and young adults with B-cell ALL were identified with a median age of 17 years (range 0.5-35 years). Although not unexpectedly, T cells comprise the majority of lymphocytes that make up the ALC in nearly all cases. Interestingly, absolute CD3+ T cell count at diagnosis (ATC-0) correlates with ALC-15 (p=0.0008) and ALC during maintenance chemotherapy (p=0.01), revealing that T cell numbers at diagnosis predict total lymphocyte count recovery during early treatment as well as 8+ months later. The averages of ATC-0= 828 cells/ul and ALC-maintenance= 940 cells/ul were significant cutoffs as 89% of patients with low ATC-0 had low ALC during maintenance, and 75% of patients with high ATC-0 at diagnosis had high ALC during maintenance (p=0.03). In addition, age was inversely correlated with both ATC-0 and ALC-15 (p=0.035 and 0.006 respectively), linking that older patients have lower ALCs, which correlate to poor outcome. Indeed, 80% of patients with ALC-15 over 500 were < 10 years of age, while 87% of patients with ALC-15 under 500 cells/ul were >/= 10 years at diagnosis (p=0.007). Interestingly, patients with high ATC-0 had 100% 5 year OS while patients with low ATC-0 had 52% 5 year OS (p=0.1), a trend toward significance on Kaplan-Meier curves due to the low number of ATC-0 high patients (n=4) we had in this high risk patient population. However, ALC-15, ALC in maintenance, and age at diagnosis all independently had a significant correlation with RFS in accelerated failure time analysis (p=0.01, 0.0001, and 0.03 respectively). And importantly, ALC at relapse significantly correlated with OS in accelerated failure time analysis (p=0.0001). Discussion In this study, we demonstrate that ALC in ALL patients is inversely correlated with age, reflecting the normal decrease in ALC seen in healthy children, adolescents, and young adults. We also identified T cells as the predominant lymphocyte subtype comprising the ALC, which may reflect an immune reservoir in these patients. Importantly, T cell numbers at diagnosis (ATC-0) predict lymphocyte counts throughout treatment and also inversely correlate with age. This suggests that patients with low T cell numbers at diagnosis continue to have low T cell numbers late into treatment. As ALC and ATC decline with age, this could provide one potential mechanism for why older patients have worse outcomes from ALL. Clinically, ATC at diagnosis may identify patients at risk for relapse and help determine appropriate induction and post-induction therapy. In the future, patients with low ATC/ALC may benefit from immune-modulating therapy, which may overcome a limited immune reservoir. Acknowledgments St. Baldrick’s Foundation Fellow Award Kimberly Patterson Leukemia Research Fellowship Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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Alkurdi, Ahmed. "ATC System Simulation." Academic Journal of Nawroz University 7, no. 3 (2018): 195–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.25007/ajnu.v7n3a223.

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Ellis, R. A. "The ATC tokamak." Nuclear Fusion 25, no. 9 (September 1, 1985): 1145–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/25/9/025.

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Guttmann, J., C. Haberthür, R. Stocker, and M. Lichtwarck-Aschoff. "Automatische Tubuskompensation (ATC)." Der Anaesthesist 50, no. 3 (March 2001): 171–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001010050985.

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&NA;. "News from ATC." Inpharma Weekly &NA;, no. 1592 (June 2007): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128413-200715920-00010.

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Hao, Fengyun, Ya-Nan Bi, Lei Wang, Yubing Wang, Jilei Ma, Ping Cui, Xuhua Li, et al. "miR-199a-5p suppresses epithelial- mesenchymal-transition in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma cells via targeting Snail signals." Cancer Biomarkers 29, no. 3 (October 28, 2020): 317–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/cbm-201518.

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MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been validated to play prominent roles in the occurrence and development of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC). miR-199a-5p was previously reported to act as a tumor suppressor or oncomiRNA in various types of cancer. However, its accurate expression, function, and mechanism in ATC remain unclear. Here, we find that miR-199a-5p is significantly downregulated in ATC tissues compared with adjacent non-cancerous tissues. Overexpression of miR-199a-5p significantly inhibits migration and invasion of ATC cells in vitro, and lung metastasis in vivo. Importantly, miR-199a-5p suppresses epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) both in vitro and in vivo by targeting Snail. Taken together, this study reveals that miR-199a-5p is critical to the EMT progression in ATC cells. Targeting the pathway described here may be a novel approach for inhibiting metastasis of ATC.

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Chumappumkal Joseph, Bilgimol, Laurent O. Mosnier, and Annette von Drygalski. "Superfactor Va, an Engineered Factor V Molecule, Effectively Reduces Bleeding and Acute Coagulopathy in Mouse Models of Trauma and Shock." Blood 134, Supplement_1 (November 13, 2019): 1101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2019-124433.

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Traumatic bleeding is a leading cause of death and disability, without targeted interventions available outside blood component resuscitation and tranexamic acid. Acute traumatic coagulopathy (ATC) in association with bleeding occurs in ~30-50% of patients and carries a high mortality risk. Recent evidence suggests a role of activated protein C (APC) in the development of ATC, whereby excessive generation of APC leads to rapid depletion of Factor(F) V, FVIII and hyperfibrinolysis causing depletion of fibrinogen. Here, we investigated to what extent targeted intervention with an engineered activated FV variant (superFVa), resistant to inactivation by APC, can reduce traumatic bleeding and prevent or normalize hemostasis parameters indicative of ATC, a process thought to be different from disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). SuperFVa was engineered to withstand cleavage by APC through mutations of 3 APC cleavage sites (Arg506/306/679Gln), with additional stability provided by introduction of a disulfide bond (Cys609-Cys1691) between the A2 and A3 domains. Materials and Methods First, an established trauma/shock model for ATC (Chesebro et al. 2009) was used. Here, trauma is induced by laparotomy and shock is induced by blood withdrawal (~500ul) to reduce and maintain the mean arterial pressure [MAP] from 75±5 to 35±5 mmHg for 1 hour. SuperFVa (0.4-0.8 mg/kg) was administered by continuous infusion 30 minutes after trauma/shock induction. Second, a liver laceration model was used where ATC develops as the consequence of severe bleeding. SuperFVa was administered either as bolus (0.4-0.8mg/kg) before injury or as continuous infusion (0.8mg/kg) started 30 minutes after injury. Bleeding, APTT clotting times, clotting factor activity levels (FII, FV, FVIII, FX, fibrinogen) and Thrombin-Antithrombin (TAT) complexes were assessed to determine the extent of ATC at various time points. Results In the trauma/shock model, only mice subjected to both trauma and shock developed ATC, evident from a significant APTT prolongation (25.4±0.2 to 36.1±0.2 seconds), associated with a severe reduction of FV (14%) and FVIII( 6%), a partial reduction of fibrinogen (44%), and no effect on FX (89%) and FII (89%). Administration of superFVa normalized the APTT (27.1±0.2 seconds) despite the persistence of shock, returned FV and FVIII levels to their normal range, but had no effect on fibrinogen. TAT levels increased significantly upon trauma/shock (1522 ±125 ng/mL) and were reduced by superFVa administration (511±125 ng/mL), suggesting improved hemostasis. After liver laceration severe bleeding occurred within 60 minutes, causing shock (MAP decreased to 35±5), selective reductions of FV, FVIII, and fibrinogen levels, and prolongation of the APTT clotting time, indicating the development of ATC. SuperFVa prophylaxis prior to liver laceration reduced blood loss significantly (non-treated mice 0.54±0.01 vs. pre-treated mice 0.34±0.01 mL, p<0.0001), prevented APTT prolongation and depletion of FV and FVIII. Thus, prophylactic administration of superFVa prevented the development of ATC. Most bleeding after liver laceration occurred in the first 15-30 minutes (0.44±0.01mL at 30 minutes) and ATC became evident at 30 min (APTT prolongation to 32.63±0.2 seconds; partial depletion (~50%) of FV and FVIII). To determine effects of superFVa on the reversal of ongoing ATC, superFVa intervention was started therefore at the 30-minute time point. superFVa blunted additional blood loss after 30 minutes, normalized prolonged APTT clotting times and reversed FV and FVIII levels to their normal range. Reversal of ATC by superFVa was associated with a reduction of TAT levels (646.5±125 ng/mL) that were increased by ATC (1577.0 ±125 ng/mL). Conclusion SuperFVa restored hemostasis in two mouse models of ATC where coagulopathy was induced by either trauma/shock or by severe bleeding. Improved hemostasis in ATC by superFVa was achieved by correction of APTT clotting times and normalization of depleted FV and FVIII levels and was associated with a reduction of elevated TAT levels. Because superFVa rescued traumatic bleeding to prevent the development of ATC and was also efficacious for the reversal of ongoing ATC, targeted interception of ATC by superFVa therefore may be an attractive strategy to reduce complications associated with ATC. Disclosures Mosnier: The Scripps Research Institute: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Patents & Royalties. von Drygalski:University of California San Diego: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Patents & Royalties; UniQure, Bayer, Bioverativ/Sanofi, Pfizer, Novo Nordisk, Biomarin, Shire, CSL Behring: Consultancy; Hematherix Inc.: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other: Founder.

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Das, Plabon Kumar, Saharia Yeasmin Asha, Ichiro Abe, Farhadul Islam, and Alfred K. Lam. "Roles of Non-Coding RNAs on Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinomas." Cancers 12, no. 11 (October 28, 2020): 3159. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers12113159.

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Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) remains as one of the most aggressive human carcinomas with poor survival rates in patients with the cancer despite therapeutic interventions. Novel targeted and personalized therapies could solve the puzzle of poor survival rates of patients with ATC. In this review, we discuss the role of non-coding RNAs in the regulation of gene expression in ATC as well as how the changes in their expression could potentially reshape the characteristics of ATCs. A broad range of miRNA, such as miR-205, miR-19a, miR-17-3p and miR-17-5p, miR-618, miR-20a, miR-155, etc., have abnormal expressions in ATC tissues and cells when compared to those of non-neoplastic thyroid tissues and cells. Moreover, lncRNAs, such as H19, Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) complex P5 (HCP5), Urothelial carcinoma-associated 1 (UCA1), Nuclear paraspeckle assembly transcript 1 (NEAT1), etc., participate in transcription and post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression in ATC cells. Dysregulations of these non-coding RNAs were associated with development and progression of ATC by modulating the functions of oncogenes during tumour progression. Thus, restoration of the abnormal expression of these miRNAs and lncRNAs may serve as promising ways to treat the patients with ATC. In addition, siRNA mediated inhibition of several oncogenes may act as a potential option against ATC. Thus, non-coding RNAs can be useful as prognostic biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets for the better management of patients with ATC.

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Aarestrup, Frank Møller, and Lars Bogø Jensen. "Presence of Variations in Ribosomal Protein L16 Corresponding to Susceptibility of Enterococci to Oligosaccharides (Avilamycin and Evernimicin)." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 44, no. 12 (December 1, 2000): 3425–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.44.12.3425-3427.2000.

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ABSTRACT Fragments (414 bp) of the gene-encoding ribosomal protein L16 fromEnterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalisthat were resistant and susceptible to the oligosaccharide antibiotics avilamycin and evernimicin (SCH 27899) were sequenced and compared. The susceptible E. faecalis and E. faecium isolates had sequences that were similar to those of the type strains. All resistant E. faecalis isolates contained the same base pair variation [CGT (Arg-56) → CAT (His-56)]. The same variation and two additional variations [ATC (Ile-52) → ACC (Thr-52) and ATC (Ile-52) → AGC (Ser-52)] were found in the resistant E. faecium isolates. This study indicated that resistance to the oligosaccharides in enterococci is associated with variations in the ribosomal protein L16.

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Fujisaki, Norman T. "Operations Research in ATC." Air Traffic Control Quarterly 4, no. 2 (April 1996): 77–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/atcq.4.2.77.

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Hay, Cliff. "Wake Vortices and ATC." Air Traffic Control Quarterly 5, no. 1 (January 1997): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/atcq.5.1.1.

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Ford, Terry. "Satellites for European ATC." Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 66, no. 3 (March 1994): 4–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb037488.

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Barco n.v. "High-speed ATC graphics." Displays 13, no. 4 (October 1992): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0141-9382(92)90090-e.

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Kimura, Kunio. "Report on ATC-16." Sen'i Gakkaishi 78, no. 10 (2022): 496–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2115/fiber.78.496.

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Lee, Jin-Seok, Jun Sung Lee, Hyeok Jun Yun, Hojin Chang, Seok Mo Kim, Yong Sang Lee, Hang-Seok Chang, and Cheong Soo Park. "Prognosis of Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer with Distant Metastasis." Cancers 14, no. 23 (November 24, 2022): 5784. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers14235784.

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Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is derived from follicular thyroid cells and is associated with high mortality risk. Obtaining information to characterize ATC is difficult because ATC with distant metastasis is extremely rare. This study determined the clinical characteristics of ATC with distant metastasis. The medical records of 152 patients with ATC at Gangnam Severance Hospital were reviewed between January 2004 and March 2022. The primary endpoint was the overall survival of the total patient sample, patients with ATC and distant metastasis, and those with ATC and brain metastasis. Of the 152 patients with ATC, 88 had distant metastasis at diagnosis. The 5-year disease-specific survival was 24% for total ATC and 10% for ATC with distant metastasis. Survival for >1 year was 32% for total ATC and 15% for ATC with distant metastasis. The median survival rate differed significantly between the total ATC and ATC with distant metastasis groups (228.5 vs. 171 days). Among the ATC cases, 11% had brain metastasis; thus, brain MRI or CT is worth considering at diagnosis and follow-up, even if there were no statistical difference in overall survival between patients with ATC with and without brain metastasis.

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King, Jayde M., Yolanda Ortiz, and Beth L. Blickensderfer. "ATC Weather Knowledge & Skills." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 60, no. 1 (September 2016): 1785–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541931213601408.

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Aviation weather continues to challenge General Aviation (GA) operations. The majority of weather related incidents that result in fatality occur within the GA community. Limited research has been conducted to investigate Air Traffic Control’s (ATC) role within weather related emergencies. The purpose of this paper is to describe and discuss the role of ATC in the GA community within weather related incidents. This paper reviews aviation weather concepts, describes ATC’s function during inadvertent meteorological conditions, identifies possible deficiencies and limitations pilots and ATC confront during meteorological related incidents, and suggests recommendations to mitigate ATC operating limitations. ATC challenges include a possible lack of aviation weather knowledge, insufficient practice on weather emergency scenarios, and a disadvantage in regards to weather equipment and tools. Recommended solutions to these challenges include innovation of weather products and technology and new ATC training protocols to accompany these technological advances.

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Shayanfar, Ali, Hamed Ghavimi, Hamed Hamishekar, and Abolghasem Jouyban. "Coamorphous Atorvastatin Calcium to Improve its Physicochemical and Pharmacokinetic Properties." Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences 16, no. 4 (October 1, 2013): 577. http://dx.doi.org/10.18433/j3xs4s.

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Purpose: Atorvastatin calcium (ATC) is classified as class II (low solubility and high permeability) compound according to the biopharmaceutical classification system. The amorphous form of ATC possesses higher solubility, dissolution rate, and bioavailability than its crystalline form. Coamorphous drug system is a new and emerging method to prepare stable amorphous forms, in this case leading to the improved stability of ATC in dissolution medium. Methods: In this study, coamorphous form of ATC and nicotinamide (ATC-NIC) was prepared from solvent evaporation method and characterized using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD). The intrinsic dissolution rate and solubility of ATC-NIC were determined along with plasma concentrations of ATC using HPLC after oral dosing in rats. Results: The crystalline ATC was converted to coamorphous form revealing a molecular interaction between ATC and NIC. The intrinsic dissolution rate, solubility and plasma concentration of coamorphous ATC-NIC are higher than those of crystalline ATC. ATC-NIC coamorphous system showed greater solution stability than those reported in the literature for amorphous ATC. Conclusions: Coamorphous ATC-NIC has improved physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties as compared to ATC. This article is open to POST-PUBLICATION REVIEW. Registered readers (see “For Readers”) may comment by clicking on ABSTRACT on the issue’s contents page.

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Kobayashi, Mamoru, Jun Obata, Kazuhisa Sirao, and Susumu Watanabe. "Lighting Installation for ATC in Sapporo Area Contorol Center (ATC: Air Traffic Control)." JOURNAL OF THE ILLUMINATING ENGINEERING INSTITUTE OF JAPAN 80, Appendix (1996): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.2150/jieij1980.80.appendix_201.

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Young, Hannah J., Rebecca Pharaon, Kimberley-Jane C. Bonjoc, Feras Ally, Holly Yin, Robert Kang, Thomas Gernon, Ellie Maghami, and Ammar Chaudhry. "Differential immune pathways in classic and mixed variants of anaplastic thyroid cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 38, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2020): e18579-e18579. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.38.15_suppl.e18579.

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e18579 Background: Patients with anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) have poor outcomes due to treatment resistance with an estimated 5-year survival rate of 7%. Although “classic” ATC can arise de novo from follicular thyroid cells, it can also arise in association with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), as a “mixed” histology. The immunologic and molecular differences between these histological subtypes have not been well-characterized. We aimed to investigate the differences in immune signatures in these histological subtypes to assess immune pathway differences in the classic ATC and mixed ATC/PTC tumor microenvironment. Methods: Classic ATC and mixed ATC/PTC cases (N = 12) from 1998 to 2018 with viable formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue were identified and selected by a board-certified pathologist. 4 samples exhibited both PTC and ATC components while 8 were classic ATC cases, as confirmed by a pathologist. In the 4 mixed ATC/PTC histology specimens, 3 were identified to contain greater than 80% ATC involvement while the fourth was characterized as 40% ATC and 60% PTC. The NanoString Immune Profiling panel contains more than 770 genes. It was performed with extracted RNA to evaluate and compare the gene expression of classic ATC versus mixed ATC/PTC. Results: Majority of patients (N = 11) developed metastatic disease, a common feature of ATC, and are currently deceased (N = 10). The NanoString panel identified several differentially expressed immune pathways in the mixed ATC/PTC in comparison to the classic ATC group. There is upregulation of CD3 (p < 0.01) and CD8 (p < 0.01) transcripts in the mixed ATC/PTC group, but not CD4 transcripts (p > 0.05). Additionally, we found that genes associated with B cell and T cell function were significantly upregulated in the mixed ATC group, including CD27 (p < 0.01), CD28 (p < 0.05), BTLA (p < 0.01), CTLA4 (p < 0.01), LAG3 (p < 0.05), and TIGIT(p < 0.01). We did not observe any significant differences in the expression of PD1 (p > 0.05) or MR1 (p > 0.05) between classic ATC and mixed ATC variants. Conclusions: Our study demonstrates a significant difference in the immune landscape between classic and mixed variants of ATC. Our results indicate there may be an increase in immune cell infiltration and tumor inflammation in the mixed ATC variant, which suggests patients with the mixed ATC variant may show a positive response to immunotherapy.

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Atmia, Kurniaty. "Peran ATC Supervisor, ATC Checker dan OJTI Dalam Pelayanan Lalu Lintas Penerbangan diBandara Mopah Merauke." AIRMAN: Jurnal Teknik dan Keselamatan Transportasi 1, no. 2 (December 20, 2018): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.46509/ajtk.v1i2.62.

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Kebutuhan masyarakat akan pelayanan jasa transportasi udara menunjukkan peningkatan yang signifikan. Hal tersebutdidasarkan pada meningkatnya pertumbuhan pergerakan pesawat dan jumlah penumpang serta tbarang pada Bandar UdaraMopah Merauke. Penulis mengidentifikasi beberapa permasalahan yang terjadi sebagai berikut: Pada setiap shift dinas tidakada seorang supervisor yang mengendalikan potensi penyimpangan; Digunakannya Kantor Cabang Pratama Meraukesebagai lokasi on the job training (OJT) taruna/I PLLU; Performance check ATC dilakukan oleh ATC yang dianggap berpengalaman. Penulis merumuskan masalah Peran ATC Supervisor, ATC Checker dan OJTI sesuai Peraturan Keselamatan Penerbangan Sipil Di Bandar Udara Mopah Merauke. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perlu mengangkat beberapa personil menjadi supervisor untuk melakukan pengawasan terhadap Pelayanan Lalu Lintas Udara. , Juga Pemberianpendidikan ATS checker kepada petugas Pemandu Lalu Lintas Udara untuk pelaksanaan Performance Check Rating, danPemberian pendidikan On The Job Training Instructor untuk personil ATC,

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Gril, Brunilde, Debbie Wei, Alexandra S. Zimmer, Christina Robinson, Imran Khan, Simone Difilippantonio, Michael G. Overstreet, and Patricia S. Steeg. "HER2 antibody-drug conjugate controls growth of breast cancer brain metastases in hematogenous xenograft models, with heterogeneous blood–tumor barrier penetration unlinked to a passive marker." Neuro-Oncology 22, no. 11 (May 9, 2020): 1625–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noaa118.

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Abstract Background Brain metastases of HER2+ breast cancer persist as a clinical challenge. Many therapeutics directed at human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) are antibodies or antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), and their permeability through the blood–tumor barrier (BTB) is poorly understood. We investigated the efficacy of a biparatopic anti-HER2 antibody-tubulysin conjugate (bHER2-ATC) in preclinical models of brain metastases. Methods The compound was evaluated in 2 hematogenous HER2+ brain metastasis mouse models, SUM190-BR and JIMT-1-BR. Endpoints included metastasis count, compound brain penetration, cancer cell proliferation, and apoptosis. Results Biparatopic HER2-ATC 3 mg/kg prevented metastasis outgrowth in the JIMT-1-BR model. At 1 mg/kg bHER2-ATC, a 70% and 92% reduction in large and micrometastases was observed. For the SUM190-BR model, an 85% and 53% reduction, respectively, in large and micrometastases was observed at 3 mg/kg, without statistical significance. Proliferation was reduced in both models at the highest dose. At the endpoint, bHER2-ATC uptake covered a median of 4–6% and 7–17% of metastasis area in the JIMT-1-BR and SUM190-BR models, respectively. Maximal compound uptake in the models was 19% and 86% in JIMT-1-BR and SUM190-BR, respectively. Multiple lesions in both models demonstrated ADC uptake in the absence or low diffusion of Texas Red Dextran, a marker of paracellular permeability. Using in vitro BTB assays, the ADC was endocytosed into brain endothelial cells, identifying a potentially new mechanism of antibody permeability. Conclusions Biparatopic HER2-ATC significantly prevented JIMT-1-BR brain metastasis outgrowth and showed activity in the SUM190-BR model. The bHER2-ATC penetration into metastases that are impermeable to fluorescent dye suggested an endocytic mechanism of brain penetration.

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Nanni, Loris, Sheryl Brahnam, and Gianluca Maguolo. "Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification (ATC) With Multi-Label Learners and Deep Features." International Journal of Natural Computing Research 9, no. 3 (July 2020): 16–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijncr.2020070102.

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Automatic anatomical therapeutic chemical (ATC) classification predicts an unknown compound's therapeutic and chemical characteristics. Predicting the organs/systems an unidentified compound will act on has the potential of expediting drug development and research. That a given compound can affect multiple organs/systems makes automatic ATC classification a complex problem. In this paper, the authors experimentally develop a multi-label ensemble for ATC prediction. The proposed approach extracts a 1D feature vector based on a compound's chemical-chemical interaction and its structural and fingerprint similarities to other compounds, as defined by the ATC coding system. This 1D vector is reshaped into 2D matrices and fed into seven pre-trained convolutional neural networks (CNN). A bidirectional long short-term memory network (BiLSTM) is trained on the 1D vector. Features extracted from both deep learners are then trained on multi-label classifiers, with results fused. The best system proposed here is shown to outperform other methods reported in the literature.

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Ishikawa, Ryo, Minoru Sano, Hiroshi Mochizuki, and Hideo Nakamura. "A Study on Digital/Analog Signals that Facilitate Analog ATC to Digital ATC Transition." IEEJ Transactions on Industry Applications 131, no. 7 (2011): 914–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejias.131.914.

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Lee, Kyungmin, Sang-Hyun Lee, Wooil Kim, Jangwook Lee, Jong-Gil Park, Jang-Seong Kim, Jung Tae Kim, et al. "Dsg2-mediated c-Met activation in anaplastic thyroid cancer motility and invasion." Endocrine-Related Cancer 27, no. 11 (November 2020): 601–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/erc-19-0403.

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Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is a rapidly growing, highly metastatic cancer with limited therapeutic alternatives, thus targeted therapies need to be developed. This study aimed to examine desmoglein 2 (Dsg2) expression in ATC and its biological role and potential as a therapeutic target in ATC. Consequently, Dsg2 was downregulated or aberrantly expressed in ATC tissues. ATC patients with low Dsg2 expression levels also presented with distant metastasis. Dsg2 depletion significantly increased cell migration and invasion, with a relatively limited effect on ATC cell proliferation in vitro and increased distant metastasis in vivo. Dsg2 knockdown induced cell motility through the hepatocyte growth factor receptor (HGFR, c-Met)/Src/Rac1 signaling axis, with no alterations in the expression of EMT-related molecules. Further, specific targeting of c-Met significantly inhibited the motility of shDsg2-depleted ATC cells. Decreased membrane Dsg2 expression increased the metastatic potential of ATC cells. These results indicate that Dsg2 plays an important role in ATC cell migration and invasiveness. Therapies targeting c-Met might be effective among ATC patients with low membrane Dsg2 expression levels, indicating that the analysis of Dsg2 expression potentially provides novel insights into treatment strategies for ATC.

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Jung, Haeil, and Robert J. LaLonde. "Prison Work-Release Programs and Incarcerated Women’s Labor Market Outcomes." Prison Journal 99, no. 5 (September 9, 2019): 535–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0032885519875009.

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This article examines whether the work-release program in Illinois prisons increases women’s earnings and employment. Using a large matched adminis-trative database, we find that a longer time served in an Adult Transition Center (ATC) increases total earnings and the probability of being employed during the time in an ATC, for both ATC parolees and dropouts. Furthermore, ATC parolees and dropouts with a longer stay in an ATC had sizable increases in their earnings and employment rates after incarceration. However, the incompletion of the ATC terms by ATC dropouts seemed to carry stigma that reduces their post-incarceration earnings or employment rates.

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Atmia, Kurniaty. "Peran ATC Supervisor, ATC Checker dan OJTI dalam Pelayanan Lalu Lintas Penerbangan di Bandara Mopah Merauke." Airman: Jurnal Teknik dan Keselamatan Transportasi 1, no. 2 (August 22, 2020): 24–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.46509/ajtkt.v1i2.26.

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Kebutuhan masyarakat akan pelayanan jasa transportasi udara menunjukkan peningkatan yang signifikan. Hal tersebut didasarkan pada meningkatnya pertumbuhan pergerakan pesawat dan jumlah penumpang serta tbarang pada Bandar Udara Mopah Merauke. Penulis mengidentifikasi beberapa permasalahan yang terjadi sebagai berikut : Pada setiap shift dinas tidak ada seorang supervisor yang mengendalikan potensi penyimpangan; Digunakannya Kantor Cabang Pratama Merauke sebagai lokasi on the job training (OJT) taruna/I PLLU; Performance check ATC dilakukan oleh ATC yang dianggap berpengalaman. Penulis merumuskan masalah Peran ATC Supervisor, ATC Checker dan OJTI sesuai Peraturan Keselamatan Penerbangan Sipil Di Bandar Udara Mopah Merauke. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perlu mengangkat beberapa personil menjadi supervisor untuk melakukan pengawasan terhadap Pelayanan Lalu Lintas Udara. , Juga Pemberian pendidikan ATS checker kepada petugas Pemandu Lalu Lintas Udara untuk pelaksanaan Performance Check Rating, dan Pemberian pendidikan On The Job Training Instructor untuk personil ATC

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Yulenda, Gin Gin. "HUBUNGAN SHIFT KERJA DAN LAMA KERJA DENGAN KELELAHAN PETUGAS AIR TRAFFIC CONTROLLER (ATC) DI TOWER ATC BANDARA SOEKARNO HATTA." Ruwa Jurai: Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan 12, no. 2 (July 13, 2021): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.26630/rj.v12i2.2760.

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Di Bandara Soekarno Hatta dalam sehari frekuensi pesawat yang take off–landing bisa mencapai 1216 pesawat per hari atau sekitar 72 penerbangan per jam. Berdasarkan rekapitulasi data kondisi petugas ATC Di Bandara Soekarno Hatta pada bulan Februari hingga 11 April 2017, terdapat 50 petugas (2,1%) ATC yang mengalami kelelahan (Yoga, 2017). Meskipun persentase kelelahan rendah, akan tetapi risiko terjadinya kecelakaan pesawat tinggi. Adapun tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu mengetahui hubungan shift kerja dan lama kerja dengan kelelahan petugas ATC di Bandara Soekarno Hatta tahun 2017.Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analitik observasional dengan pendekatan cross sectional yaitu pendekatan, observasi atau pengumpulan data sekaligus pada suatu saat. Sumber data yang digunakan berasal dari data primer dan data sekunder. Cara penetapan sampel pada penelitian ini dengan menggunakan rumus Slovin sebanyak 185 sampel. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan purposive sampling.Berdasarkan hasil uji statistik yang telah dilakukan, dapat disimpulkan Sebanyak 29 responden (49,5%) petugas ATC mengalami kelelahan rendah, Petugas ATC bekerja dalam 3 shift yaitu pagi, siang, dan malam, Responden yang bekerja >120 menit sebanyak 53 orang (28,6%), tidak ada hubungan antara shift kerja dengan kelelahan dan Tidak ada hubungan antara lama kerja dengan kelelahan petugas ATC di Tower ATC Bandara Soekarno Hatta.Saran yang diberikan kepada petugas ATC berkaitan dengan pentingnya pemanfaatan istirahat yang optimal seperti peregangan otot, berjalan-jalan di ruang kantor, berbincang-bincang, dan makan-makanan bergizi. Selain itu peningkatan kerja sama antara petugas ATC dan asisten petugas ATC, dan peningkatan fungsi koordinator ATC.

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Toda, Soji, Shinya Sato, Nao Saito, Kazumasa Sekihara, Ai Matsui, Daisuke Murayama, Hirotaka Nakayama, et al. "TROP-2, Nectin-4, GPNMB, and B7-H3 Are Potentially Therapeutic Targets for Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma." Cancers 14, no. 3 (January 24, 2022): 579. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers14030579.

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Background: Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is a highly aggressive thyroid tumor with a poor prognosis. However, there are limited choices for ATC treatment. Recently, the effectiveness of antibody–drug conjugates has been demonstrated in various carcinomas. Whether the targets of antibody–drug conjugates are expressed in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma remains unclear. Methods: Fifty-four patients with ATC were enrolled in this study. Tissue microarrays were constructed using the archives of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue blocks. All sections were stained with the following antibody–drug conjugate targets: human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), nectin-4, trophoblast cell surface antigen 2 (TROP-2), glycoprotein non-metastatic B (GPNMB), and B7-H3. Results: HER2 was negative in all tissues, whereas GPNMB and B7-H3 were expressed in most ATC tissues. TROP-2 and nectin-4 were expressed in 65% and 59% of ATC tissues, respectively. TROP-2 was expressed at significantly higher levels in ATC undifferentiated from papillary thyroid carcinoma than in ATC undifferentiated from follicular thyroid carcinoma and de novo ATC. In contrast, nectin-4 expression was markedly higher in patients with de novo ATC than in those with papillary and follicular thyroid carcinoma. Conclusions: TROP-2 and nectin-4 are potential therapeutic targets for ATC undifferentiated from papillary thyroid carcinoma and de novo ATC, respectively. GPNMB and B7-H3 potential for treating all types of ATC.

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Wijaya, Swastika Fahmi. "ANALISIS KEPUASAN PELANGGAN TERHADAP KUALITAS PELAYANAN BENGKEL SEPEDA MOTOR ATC-ASC JURUSAN PENDIDIKAN TEKNIK OTOMOTIF UNY." Jurnal Pendidikan Vokasi Otomotif 4, no. 1 (March 12, 2022): 69–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/jpvo.v4i1.45644.

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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kepuasan pelanggan bengkel terhadap kualitas jasa servis di bengkel sepeda ATC-ASC Jurusan Pendidikan Teknik Otomotif Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif. Metode yang digunakan adalah survei. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan angket. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh pelanggan bengkel sepeda motor ATC-ASC Jurusan Pendidikan Teknik Otomotif UNY yang berjumlah 35 orang, yang diambil menggunakan incidental sampling. Teknik analisis data ini menggunakan analisis kuantitatif deskriptif yang disajikan dalam bentuk presentase. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa kepuasan pelanggan terhadap kualitas jasa servis berada pada kategori “sangat baik” sebesar 34% (12 orang), “baik” sebesar 28,57% (10 orang), “cukup” sebesar 31,40% (11 orang), “kurang” 2,85% (1 orang), dan “sangat kurang” 2,85% (1 orang). Berdasarkan nilai nilai rata-rata kepuasan yaitu 83,71% tingkat kepuasan pelanggan terhadap kualitas jasa servis bengkel sepeda motor ATC-ASC Jurusan Pendidikan Teknik Otomotif UNY dalam kategori “baik”.

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WATANABE, Ikuo, Mitsuyoshi FUKUDA, Yasuhiro USHIJIMA, and Tetsuo TAKASHIGE. "Development of Digital ATC System." Quarterly Report of RTRI 40, no. 1 (1999): 32–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2219/rtriqr.40.32.

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Kunio, Kimura. "ATC-16 under COVID-19." Sen'i Gakkaishi 77, no. 10 (2021): 513. http://dx.doi.org/10.2115/fiber.77.513.

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Benel, Russell A., and Louis M. Adams. "Workstation Design for ATC Systems." Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting 34, no. 16 (October 1990): 1108–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193129003401603.

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Fredenhagen, Stefan, and Volker Schomerus. "Boundary Liouville theory atc= 1." Journal of High Energy Physics 2005, no. 05 (May 11, 2005): 025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1126-6708/2005/05/025.

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Passler, C., Christian Scheuba, Gerhard Prager, Klaus Kaserer, Juan A. Flores, Heinrich Vierhapper, and Bruno Niederle. "Anaplastic (undifferentiated) thyroid carcinoma (ATC)." Langenbeck's Archives of Surgery 384, no. 3 (June 16, 1999): 284–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004230050205.

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Chih-Yi Tsai and Chan-Nan Lu. "Bootstrap application in ATC estimation." IEEE Power Engineering Review 21, no. 2 (2001): 40–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/39.896819.

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Fernandez, F., J. Ferreiros, J. M. Pardo, V. Sama, R. Cordoba, J. Macias-Guarasa, J. M. Montero, et al. "Automatic Understanding of ATC Speech." IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine 21, no. 10 (October 2006): 12–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/maes.2006.275300.

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Fiscella, B., P. P. Lombardini, P. Trivero, C. Cappa, and R. Cini. "Sea return atC andKu bands." Il Nuovo Cimento C 10, no. 4 (July 1987): 381–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02507224.

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McCormack, Thomas C., and Franz N. Rad. "An Earthquake Loss Estimation Methodology for Buildings Based on ATC-13 and ATC-21." Earthquake Spectra 13, no. 4 (November 1997): 605–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.1585971.

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A survey of the seismic hazards for about 30,000 nonresidential buildings in Portland, Oregon was conducted, and an earthquake damage and loss estimation model was developed. To conduct the buildings survey, ATC-21's Rapid Screening Procedure was used. For each building the data included: address, year built, area, number of stories, building name, use, occupancy type, estimated range of number of people, nonstructural falling hazards, building type, and performance modifiers such as soft story and torsion. Soil data were provided by the Earthquake Hazard Maps published by the Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries. The algorithm set up on the GIS was to compute the structural score based on ATC-21 score, modify the score based on the geologic condition of the site, and finally, compute the damage. The proposed loss estimation model is based on ATC-13, and the scoring system developed by ATC-21. The results are in terms of percent (or dollar) damage to buildings in the survey and loss of life and serious injuries.

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Kundler, Jörg. "Maturity Assessment of Maintenance Processes at ATC-Service Providers." Transport and Telecommunication Journal 13, no. 1 (January 1, 2012): 18–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10244-012-0003-y.

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Maturity Assessment of Maintenance Processes at ATC-Service Providers The focus of the research is the analysis and assessment of Air Traffic Control (ATC) maintenance and technical service processes. Deriving from the general ATC process model, which is the part of the Air Transport System, the related ATC Services including a Key Performance Indicator System were developed. A theoretical analysis was performed to develop a special correlation matrix between the Air Transport System to ATC service and ATC technical services, which reflect the top-down approach of process modelling proceeding. A particular research of different international ATC service organization, selected by defined parameter was performed for analysis. The analysis was implemented with different scientific research methods. Basing on this international research, a detailed SWOT analysis and conclusions of each ATC organization itself and additionally a parameter-oriented comparison between the different organizations and their specifics were performed. The results of this research were described in a SWOT analysis, rating assessment of utilization of the theoretical methods and qualified evaluation of implemented KPI System. For final maintenance process evaluation an ATC-Maintenance Process Maturity method based on ISO /IEC Standard 15504 was developed. The results and developments of the research will be the essential prerequisite for the further research of dissertation and development of a harmonized ATC Meta Frame Maintenance Process Model as a part of the Air Transport System on macro model level and deriving to the ATC specific Maintenance Service Model on micro level for the specific ATC organization basing on service and business modelling methods.

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Hong, Dong-Hee, and Su-Kyun Sun. "Road-Map for Automation Technology Development of Port Equipment's ATC." Journal of the Korea Contents Association 10, no. 12 (December 28, 2010): 109–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5392/jkca.2010.10.12.109.

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Guida, Teresa, Giuliana Salvatore, Pinuccia Faviana, Riccardo Giannini, Ginesa Garcia-Rostan, Livia Provitera, Fulvio Basolo, Alfredo Fusco, Francesca Carlomagno, and Massimo Santoro. "Mitogenic Effects of the Up-Regulation of Minichromosome Maintenance Proteins in Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 90, no. 8 (August 1, 2005): 4703–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2004-2459.

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Context: Anaplastic thyroid carcinomas (ATC) are among the most aggressive human malignancies and are characterized by high mitotic activity. Minichromosome maintenance proteins (MCM) 2–7 are required to initiate eukaryotic DNA replication, and their overexpression has been associated with dysplasia and malignancy. Objective: In an attempt to cast light on the mechanisms governing ATC, we evaluated MCM5 and MCM7 expression in human normal, papillary (PTC), and anaplastic thyroid samples, as well as in primary culture cells and transgenic mouse models. Results: MCM5 and MCM7 expression was high in 65% of ATC and negligible in normal thyroid tissue and papillary thyroid carcinomas. In ATC, high MCM5 and MCM7 expression was paralleled by high levels of MCM2 and MCM6. An analysis of human ATC primary cell cultures and of a transgenic mouse model of ATC confirmed these findings. An increased transcription rate accounted for MCM7 up-regulation, because the activity of the MCM7 promoter was more than 10-fold higher in ATC cells compared with normal thyroid cells. Adoptive overexpression of wild-type p53, but not of its inactive (R248W and R273H) mutants, strongly down-regulated transcription from the MCM7 promoter, suggesting that p53 knock-out contributes to MCM7 up-regulation in ATC. Treatment with small inhibitory duplex RNAs, which decrease MCM7 protein levels, reduced the rate of DNA synthesis in ATC cells. Conclusion: MCM proteins are overexpressed in ATC and sustain the high proliferative capacity of ATC cells.

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Palacios, Luz Maria, Victoria Peyret, María Estefania Viano, Romina Celeste Geysels, Yair Aron Chocobar, Ximena Volpini, Claudia Gabriela Pellizas, et al. "TIM3 Expression in Anaplastic-Thyroid-Cancer-Infiltrating Macrophages: An Emerging Immunotherapeutic Target." Biology 11, no. 11 (November 3, 2022): 1609. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology11111609.

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Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is a clinically aggressive form of undifferentiated thyroid cancer with limited treatment options. Immunotherapy for patients with ATC remains challenging. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) constitute over 50% of ATC-infiltrating cells, and their presence is associated with a poor prognosis. Consequently, the development of new therapies targeting immune checkpoints in TAMs is considered a promising therapeutic approach for ATC. We have previously shown that soluble factors secreted by ATC cells induced pro-tumor M2-like polarization of human monocytes by upregulating the levels of the inhibitory receptor TIM3. Here, we extended our observations on ATC-cell-induced xenograft tumors. We observed a large number of immune cells infiltrating the ATC xenograft tumors. Significantly, 24–28% of CD45+ immune cells were macrophages (CD11b+ F4/80+). We further showed that 40% of macrophages were polarized toward a M2-like phenotype, as assessed by CD206 expression and by a significant increase in the Arg1/iNOS (M2/M1) ratio. Additionally, we found that ATC xenograft tumors had levels of TIM3 expression when determined by RT-PCR and immunofluorescence assays. Interestingly, we detected the expression of TIM3 in macrophages in ATC tumors by flow cytometry assays. Furthermore, TIM3 expression correlated with macrophage marker expression in human ATC. Our studies show that TIM3 is a newly identified immune checkpoint in macrophages. Since TIM3 is known as a negative immune regulator, it should be considered as a promising immunotherapeutic target for ATC.

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Zhang, Xue Song, Zhi Qiang Zhao, Shi Xin Liu, Chun Cheng Gao, Fei Yang, Hai Xia Wang, and Wei Dong Li. "The Decomposition Calculation Method of Large Interconnected Grid Probabilistic Available Transfer Capability." Applied Mechanics and Materials 494-495 (February 2014): 1809–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.494-495.1809.

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Concerning the uneven distribution of energy in Chinas regional power grid, power of big energy base should be transmitted through long distance. Therefore, calculating available transfer capability (ATC) of large interconnected grid is necessary. However, it is difficult to collect the needed data, so ATC of the large interconnected grid cannot be calculated directly. To solve these problems, this paper presents a decomposition calculation method to calculate ATC of the large interconnected grid. The basic principles are: According to the executive partition, the large interconnected grid is divided into several subsystems, of which ATC can be calculated directly and easily. Then, according to series or parallel combination between the subsystems, ATC of the large interconnected grid can be calculated indirectly by the obtained ATC of subsystems. The series and parallel ATC probabilistic calculation models are established, used for synthetizing ATC of the subsystems. Illustrations verify the correctness and feasibility of the calculation method.

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Journal articles on the topic 'ATC'

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