Academic literature on the topic 'AT-rich interacting domain'
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Journal articles on the topic "AT-rich interacting domain"
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Shi, Xiaoli, Sandrine Opi, Adrien Lugari, Audrey Restouin, Thibault Coursindel, Isabelle Parrot, Javier Perez, et al. "Identification and biophysical assessment of the molecular recognition mechanisms between the human haemopoietic cell kinase Src homology domain 3 and ALG-2-interacting protein X." Biochemical Journal 431, no. 1 (September 14, 2010): 93–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20100314.
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SFKs (Src family kinases) are central regulators of many signalling pathways. Their functions are tightly regulated through SH (Src homology) domain-mediated protein–protein interactions. A yeast two-hybrid screen using SH3 domains as bait identified Alix [ALG-2 (apoptosis-linked gene 2)-interacting protein X] as a novel Hck (haemopoietic cell kinase) SH3 domain interactor. The Alix–Hck-SH3 interaction was confirmed in vitro by a GST (glutathione transferase) pull-down assay and in intact cells by a mammalian two-hybrid assay. Furthermore, the interaction was demonstrated to be biologically relevant in cells. Through biophysical experiments, we then identified the PRR (proline-rich region) motif of Alix that binds Hck-SH3 and determined a dissociation constant of 34.5 μM. Heteronuclear NMR spectroscopy experiments were used to map the Hck-SH3 residues that interact with an ALIX construct containing the V and PRR domains or with the minimum identified interacting motif. Finally, SAXS (small-angle X-ray scattering) analysis showed that the N-terminal PRR of Alix is unfolded, at least before Hck-SH3 recognition. These results indicate that residues outside the canonical PxxP motif of Alix enhance its affinity and selectivity towards Hck-SH3. The structural framework of the Hck–Alix interaction will help to clarify how Hck and Alix assist during virus budding and cell-surface receptor regulation.
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Ren, Xiu-Rong, Quan-Sheng Du, Yang-Zhong Huang, Shi-Zhou Ao, Lin Mei, and Wen-Cheng Xiong. "Regulation of Cdc42 Gtpase by Proline-Rich Tyrosine Kinase 2 Interacting with Psgap, a Novel Pleckstrin Homology and Src Homology 3 Domain Containing Rhogap Protein." Journal of Cell Biology 152, no. 5 (March 5, 2001): 971–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.152.5.971.
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Proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2 (PYK2), a tyrosine kinase structurally related to focal adhesion kinase (FAK), is implicated in regulating cytoskeletal organization. However, mechanisms by which PYK2 participates in and regulates cytoskeletal organization remain largely unknown. Here we report identification of PSGAP, a novel protein that interacts with PYK2 and FAK and contains multiple domains including a pleckstrin homology domain, a rhoGTPase-activating protein domain, and a Src homology 3 domain. PYK2 interacts with PSGAP Src homology 3 domain via the carboxyl-terminal proline-rich sequence. PSGAP is able to increase GTPase activity of CDC42 and RhoA in vitro and in vivo. Remarkably, PYK2, but not FAK, can activate CDC42 via inhibition of PSGAP-mediated GTP hydrolysis of CDC42. Moreover, PSGAP is localized at cell periphery in fibroblasts in a pleckstrin homology domain–dependent manner. Over expression of PSGAP in fibroblasts results in reorganization of cytoskeletal structures and changes of cellular morphology, which requires rhoGTPase-activating activity. Taken together, our results suggest that PSGAP is a signaling protein essential for PYK2 regulation of cytoskeletal organization via Rho family GTPases.
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HURLSTONE, Adam F. L., Ivan A. OLAVE, Nick BARKER, Mascha van NOORT, and Hans CLEVERS. "Cloning and characterization of hELD/OSA1, a novel BRG1 interacting protein." Biochemical Journal 364, no. 1 (May 8, 2002): 255–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3640255.
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A highly conserved multisubunit enzymic complex, SWI/SNF, participates in the regulation of eukaryote gene expression through its ability to remodel chromatin. While a single component of SWI/SNF, Swi2 or a related protein, can perform this function in vitro, the other components appear to modulate the activity and specificity of the complex in vivo. Here we describe the cloning of hELD/OSA1, a 189KDa human homologue of Drosophila Eld/Osa protein, a constituent of Drosophila SWI/SNF. By comparing conserved peptide sequences in Eld/Osa homologues we define three domains common to all family members. A putative DNA binding domain, or ARID (AT-rich DNA-interacting domain), may function in targetting SWI/SNF to chromatin. Two other domains unique to Eld/Osa proteins, EHD1 and EHD2, map to the C-teminus. We show that EHD2 mediates binding to Brahma-related gene 1 (BRG1), a human homologue of yeast Swi2. EHD1 and EHD2 also appear capable of interacting with each other. Using an antibody raised against EHD2 of hELD/OSA1, we detected Eld/Osa1 in endogenous SWI/SNF complexes derived from mouse brain.
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Eulitz, Stefan, Florian Sauer, Marie-Cecile Pelissier, Prisca Boisguerin, Sibylle Molt, Julia Schuld, Zacharias Orfanos, et al. "Identification of Xin-repeat proteins as novel ligands of the SH3 domains of nebulin and nebulette and analysis of their interaction during myofibril formation and remodeling." Molecular Biology of the Cell 24, no. 20 (October 15, 2013): 3215–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e13-04-0202.
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The Xin actin-binding repeat–containing proteins Xin and XIRP2 are exclusively expressed in striated muscle cells, where they are believed to play an important role in development. In adult muscle, both proteins are concentrated at attachment sites of myofibrils to the membrane. In contrast, during development they are localized to immature myofibrils together with their binding partner, filamin C, indicating an involvement of both proteins in myofibril assembly. We identify the SH3 domains of nebulin and nebulette as novel ligands of proline-rich regions of Xin and XIRP2. Precise binding motifs are mapped and shown to bind both SH3 domains with micromolar affinity. Cocrystallization of the nebulette SH3 domain with the interacting XIRP2 peptide PPPTLPKPKLPKH reveals selective interactions that conform to class II SH3 domain–binding peptides. Bimolecular fluorescence complementation experiments in cultured muscle cells indicate a temporally restricted interaction of Xin-repeat proteins with nebulin/nebulette during early stages of myofibril development that is lost upon further maturation. In mature myofibrils, this interaction is limited to longitudinally oriented structures associated with myofibril development and remodeling. These data provide new insights into the role of Xin actin-binding repeat–containing proteins (together with their interaction partners) in myofibril assembly and after muscle damage.
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Komla-Soukha, Isabelle, and Camille Sureau. "A Tryptophan-Rich Motif in the Carboxyl Terminus of the Small Envelope Protein of Hepatitis B Virus Is Central to the Assembly of Hepatitis Delta Virus Particles." Journal of Virology 80, no. 10 (May 15, 2006): 4648–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.80.10.4648-4655.2006.
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ABSTRACT The small hepatitis B virus surface antigen (S-HBsAg) is capable of driving the assembly and secretion of hepatitis delta virus (HDV) particles by interacting with the HDV ribonucleoprotein (RNP). Previously, a specific domain of the S-HBsAg protein carboxyl terminus, including a tryptophan residue at position 196 (W196), was proven essential for HDV maturation (S. Jenna and C. Sureau, J. Virol. 73: 3351-3358, 1999). Mutation of W196 to phenylalanine (W196F) was permissive for HBV subviral particle (SVP) secretion but deleterious to HDV virion assembly. Here, the W196F S-HBsAg deficiency was assigned to a loss of its ability for interaction with the large HDV antigen (L-HDAg), a major component of the RNP. Because the overall S-HBsAg carboxyl terminus is particularly rich in tryptophan, an amino acid frequently involved in protein-protein interactions, site-directed mutagenesis was conducted to investigate the function of the S-HBsAg Trp-rich domain in HDV assembly. Single substitutions of tryptophan between positions 163 and 201 with alanine or phenylalanine were tolerated for SVP secretion, but those affecting W196, W199, and W201 were detrimental for HDV assembly. This was proven to result from a reduced capacity of the mutants for interaction with L-HDAg. In addition, a W196S S-HBsAg mutant, which has been described in HBV strains that arose in a few cases of lamivudine-treated HBV-infected patients, was deficient for HDV assembly as a consequence of its impaired capacity for interacting with L-HDAg. Interestingly, the fact that even the most conservative substitution of phenylalanine for tryptophan at positions 196, 199, or 201 was sufficient to ablate interaction of S-HBsAg with L-HDAg suggests that W196, W199, and W201 are located at a binding interface that is central to HDV maturation.
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Gao, Weiqiang, Patricia J. Anderson, Elaine M. Majerus, Elodee A. Tuley, and J. Evan Sadler. "The C-Terminal α-Helix of von Willebrand Factor Domain A2 Interacts with ADAMTS13 C-Terminal Domains To Regulate Substrate Cleavage." Blood 106, no. 11 (November 16, 2005): 410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v106.11.410.410.
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Abstract ADAMTS13 is a member of the A Disintergrin And Metalloprotease with ThromboSpondin type I repeat family, and it cleaves the Tyr1605-Met1606 bond in the von Willebrand factor (VWF) central A2 domain, thereby decreasing platelet adhesion mediated by VWF. Recently a minimal substrate for ADAMTS13 was characterized that consists of GST linked to Asp1596-Arg1668 with a C-terminal 6×His tag (VWF73). Further removal of 9 amino acids that comprise a predicted C-terminal α-helix (VWF64) appeared to eliminate cleavage by plasma ADAMTS13, suggesting a critical role for this helix in substrate recognition. We obtained similar results, but VWF64 was cleaved significantly at long reaction times. For example, plasma ADAMTS13 (0.3 nM, one-tenth of normal plasma) cleaved 50% of 65 nM VWF73 in 2 hours and 50% of 62 nM VWF64 in 24 hours. Similar results were obtained in either 50 mM HEPES, pH 7.4, 150 mM NaCl, 5 mM CaCl2, 0.1 μM ZnCl2, or 5 mM Tris-HCl, pH 8.0, 10 mM BaCl2. By amino acid sequencing, ADAMTS13 was shown to cleave the Tyr1605-Met1606 bond of VWF64. Truncation of ADAMTS13 after certain structural domains had different effects on substrate cleavage. Using 3 nM enzyme for 30 min, VWF73 was cleaved ~2-fold faster by ADAMTS13 truncated after the spacer domain (MDTCS) than by ADAMTS13 truncated after the cysteine-rich domain (MDTC). Conversely, VWF64 was cleaved ~3-fold faster by MDTC than by MDTCS. Also, in 30 min MDTCS cleaved 70% of VWF73 and <10% of VWF64, whereas MDTC cleaved 40% of VWF73 and 30% of VWF64. ADAMTS13 truncated after the first TSP1 repeat (MDT) or the disintegrin domain (MD) had markedly reduced activity, but with prolonged incubation (24 h) at increased concentration (30 nM) both enzymes cleaved most of VWF64 and VWF73 at the expected site. No aberrant cleavage products were detected by Western blotting. The metalloproteinase domain alone (M) was inactive. The selective effects of deleting the cysteine-rich or spacer domain suggest that the C-terminal α-helix of the VWF A2 domain is not essential but facilitates substrate recognition by interacting with specific C-terminal domains of ADAMTS13, particularly the cysteine-rich and spacer domains.
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Zhou, Xi, Jiali Si, Joe Corvera, Gary E. Gallick, and Jian Kuang. "Decoding the intrinsic mechanism that prohibits ALIX interaction with ESCRT and viral proteins." Biochemical Journal 432, no. 3 (November 25, 2010): 525–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20100862.
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The adaptor protein ALIX [ALG-2 (apoptosis-linked-gene-2 product)-interacting protein X] links retroviruses to ESCRT (endosomal sorting complex required for transport) machinery during retroviral budding. This function of ALIX requires its interaction with the ESCRT-III component CHMP4 (charged multivesicular body protein 4) at the N-terminal Bro1 domain and retroviral Gag proteins at the middle V domain. Since cytoplasmic or recombinant ALIX is unable to interact with CHMP4 or retroviral Gag proteins under non-denaturing conditions, we constructed ALIX truncations and mutations to define the intrinsic mechanism through which ALIX interactions with these partner proteins are prohibited. Our results demonstrate that an intramolecular interaction between Patch 2 in the Bro1 domain and the TSG101 (tumour susceptibility gene 101 protein)-docking site in the proline-rich domain locks ALIX into a closed conformation that renders ALIX unable to interact with CHMP4 and retroviral Gag proteins. Relieving the intramolecular interaction of ALIX, by ectopically expressing a binding partner for one of the intramolecular interaction sites or by deleting one of these sites, promotes ALIX interaction with these partner proteins and facilitates ALIX association with the membrane. Ectopic expression of a GFP (green fluorescent protein)–ALIX mutant with a constitutively open conformation, but not the wild-type protein, increases EIAV (equine infectious anaemia virus) budding from HEK (human embryonic kidney)-293 cells. These findings predict that relieving the autoinhibitory intramolecular interaction of ALIX is a critical step for ALIX to participate in retroviral budding.
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Shepard, Jeremiah, Martin Reick, Sara Olson, and Brenton R. Graveley. "Characterization of U2AF6, a Splicing Factor Related to U2AF35." Molecular and Cellular Biology 22, no. 1 (January 1, 2002): 221–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.22.1.221-230.2002.
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ABSTRACT The essential splicing factor U2AF (U2 auxiliary factor) is a heterodimer composed of 65-kDa (U2AF65) and 35-kDa (U2AF35) subunits. U2AF35 has multiple functions in pre-mRNA splicing. First, U2AF35 has been shown to function by directly interacting with the AG at the 3′ splice site. Second, U2AF35 is thought to play a role in the recruitment of U2AF65 by serine-arginine-rich (SR) proteins in enhancer-dependent splicing. It has been proposed that the physical interaction between the arginine-serine-rich (RS) domain of U2AF35 and SR proteins is important for this activity. However, other data suggest that this may not be the case. Here, we report the identification of a mammalian gene that encodes a 26-kDa protein bearing strong sequence similarity to U2AF35, designated U2AF26. The N-terminal 187 amino acids of U2AF35 and U2AF26 are nearly identical. However, the C-terminal domain of U2AF26 lacks many characteristics of the U2AF35 RS domain and, therefore, might be incapable of interacting with SR proteins. We show that U2AF26 can associate with U2AF65 and can functionally substitute for U2AF35 in both constitutive and enhancer-dependent splicing, demonstrating that the RS domain of the small U2AF subunit is not required for splicing enhancer function. Finally, we show that U2AF26 functions by enhancing the binding of U2AF65 to weak 3′ splice sites. These studies identify U2AF26 as a mammalian splicing factor and demonstrate that distinct U2AF complexes can participate in pre-mRNA splicing. Based on its sequence and functional similarity to U2AF35, U2AF26 may play a role in regulating alternative splicing.
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Ma, Liqun, Ke Cheng, Jinyan Li, Zhiqi Deng, Chunjiao Zhang, and Hongliang Zhu. "Roles of Plant Glycine-Rich RNA-Binding Proteins in Development and Stress Responses." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 11 (May 29, 2021): 5849. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22115849.
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In recent years, much progress has been made in elucidating the functional roles of plant glycine-rich RNA-binding proteins (GR-RBPs) during development and stress responses. Canonical GR-RBPs contain an RNA recognition motif (RRM) or a cold-shock domain (CSD) at the N-terminus and a glycine-rich domain at the C-terminus, which have been associated with several different RNA processes, such as alternative splicing, mRNA export and RNA editing. However, many aspects of GR-RBP function, the targeting of their RNAs, interacting proteins and the consequences of the RNA target process are not well understood. Here, we discuss recent findings in the field, newly defined roles for GR-RBPs and the actions of GR-RBPs on target RNA metabolism.
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DeJournett, Robert E., Ryuji Kobayashi, Shujuan Pan, Chuanfen Wu, Laurence D. Etkin, Richard B. Clark, Oliver Bögler, and Jian Kuang. "Phosphorylation of the proline-rich domain of Xp95 modulates Xp95 interaction with partner proteins." Biochemical Journal 401, no. 2 (December 21, 2006): 521–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20061287.
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The mammalian adaptor protein Alix [ALG-2 (apoptosis-linked-gene-2 product)-interacting protein X] belongs to a conserved family of proteins that have in common an N-terminal Bro1 domain and a C-terminal PRD (proline-rich domain), both of which mediate partner protein interactions. Following our previous finding that Xp95, the Xenopus orthologue of Alix, undergoes a phosphorylation-dependent gel mobility shift during progesteroneinduced oocyte meiotic maturation, we explored potential regulation of Xp95/Alix by protein phosphorylation in hormone-induced cell cycle re-entry or M-phase induction. By MALDI–TOF (matrix-assisted laser-desorption ionization–time-of-flight) MS analyses and gel mobility-shift assays, Xp95 is phosphorylated at multiple sites within the N-terminal half of the PRD during Xenopus oocyte maturation, and a similar region in Alix is phosphorylated in mitotically arrested but not serum-stimulated mammalian cells. By tandem MS, Thr745 within this region, which localizes in a conserved binding site to the adaptor protein SETA [SH3 (Src homology 3) domain-containing, expressed in tumorigenic astrocytes] CIN85 (α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamate)/SH3KBP1 (SH3-domain kinase-binding protein 1), is one of the phosphorylation sites in Xp95. Results from GST (glutathione S-transferase)-pull down and peptide binding/competition assays further demonstrate that the Thr745 phosphorylation inhibits Xp95 interaction with the second SH3 domain of SETA. However, immunoprecipitates of Xp95 from extracts of M-phase-arrested mature oocytes contained additional partner proteins as compared with immunoprecipitates from extracts of G2-arrested immature oocytes. The deubiquitinase AMSH (associated molecule with the SH3 domain of signal transducing adaptor molecule) specifically interacts with phosphorylated Xp95 in M-phase cell lysates. These findings establish that Xp95/Alix is phosphorylated within the PRD during M-phase induction, and indicate that the phosphorylation may both positively and negatively modulate their interaction with partner proteins.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "AT-rich interacting domain"
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Giri, Malyasree. "Structural and DNA binding properties of ARID domains present in hSWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex subunits." Thesis, 2020. https://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/5168.
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The SWI/SNF complexes are multisubunit-containing protein complexes that are involved in chromatin-remodeling processes in the eukaryotic cells. In higher eukaryotes, SWI/SNF complexes contain one or more mutually exclusive AT-rich interaction domain (ARID)-containing proteins as one of the subunit. The SWI/SNF complexes can be further classified into sub complexes. Association of ARID-containing proteins BAF250a (also known as ARID1a) and BAF250b (also known as ARID1b) with the SWI/SNF complex results in BAF-A and BAF-B complexes respectively, whereas the association of ARID-containing BAF200 (also known as ARID2) results in PBAF complex. BAF250a, BAF250b and BAF200 subunits have an AT-rich interaction domain named as ARID. It has been proposed that BAF250a/b and BAF200 subunits likely recruit SWI/SNF complex through ARID domain to heterochromatin that allows transcriptional activation of normally silenced chromatin, thereby regulating the specific gene expression. The ARID is a conserved, all helical DNA binding domain found in several eukaryotic proteins. ARIDs in proteins such as human modulator recognition factor 2 (Mrf2), Drosophila Dead Ringer (Dri), and murine protein Bright were shown to recognize specific AT-rich DNA sequences. The evidences so far suggest that ARIDs of human SWI/SNF complexes interact with DNA without any sequence preference, therefore questioning the recruitment of SWI/SNF complexes by BAF250a to the target genes via its interaction with specific DNA sequences. The structure and functional annotation of BAF250a/b (> 2200 residues long proteins) remains poorly understood. The folded regions and domain boundaries of these lengthy proteins have not been clearly defined. Likewise, their DNA-binding specificities have not been studied systematically. With this background, we proposed to study the structure and DNA binding specificities of ARID domains in BAF250a, BAF250b, and BAF200 in this thesis. First, we have defined the domain architecture of BAF250a/ reveals the ARID and ARM-repeat domains with implication in function and assembly of the BAF remodeling complex. Next, systematically we have defined the domain boundary and DNA binding specificities of BAF250a ARID. Using NMR spectroscopy and ITC methods, our results showed that BAF250a ARID binds to AT rich DNA in a ‘specific’ manner with thermodynamic signatures for a specific DNA binding. NMR CSP driven model of BAF250a ARID – DNA complexes were generated and validated using mutagenesis approach. We have also completed the NMR chemical shift assignment of ARID domains of BAF250b and BAF200. We have generated a CS-Rosetta model structure of BAF200 ARID and currently we are in the process of refining the structure. DNA binding properties of BAF250b ARID have been studied using NMR and ITC methods. NMR CSP driven HADDOCK models of BAF250b ARID/DNA complexes suggest plausible mode of specific complex formation via DNA major groove recognition by helix H5 and minor groove interactions by loop L1. A temperature independent DNA binding thermodynamics was observed for BAF250b ARID unlike BAF250a ARID though these two proteins share > than 80% identity in their sequences. The reason of such differences may be due to the small and subtle deviations in loop L1 region. In case of BAF200 ARID, we have some preliminary results on its DNA binding properties obtained from NMR and SPR studies using AT-12 and GC-12 DNA.
Book chapters on the topic "AT-rich interacting domain"
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Albers, Michael J. "Information Rich Systems and User's Goals and Information Needs." In Encyclopedia of Human Computer Interaction, 338–43. IGI Global, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59140-562-7.ch052.
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Currently, most of the Web is designed from the viewpoint of helping people who know what they want but need help accomplishing it. User goals may range from buying a new computer to making vacation plans. Yet, these are simple tasks that can be accomplished with a linear sequence of events. With information-rich sites, the linear sequence breaks down, and a straightforward process to provide users with information in a useful format does not exist. Users come to information-rich sites with complex problems they want to solve. Reaching a solution requires meeting goals and subgoals by finding the proper information. Complex problems are often ill-structured; realistically, the complete sequence can’t even be defined because of users’ tendencies to jump around within the data and to abandon the sequence at varying points (Klein, 1999). To reach the answer, people need the information properly positioned within the situation context (Albers, 2003; Mirel, 2003a). System support for such problems requires users to be given properly integrated information that will assist in problem solving and decision making. Complex problems normally involve high-level reasoning and open-ended problem solving. Consequently, designer expectations of stable requirements and the ability to perform an exhaustive task analysis fall short of reality (Rouse & Valusek, 1993). While conventional task analysis works for well-defined domains, it fails for the ill-structured domains of information-rich sites (Albers, 2004). Instead of exhaustive task analysis, the designer must shift to an analysis focused on providing a clear understanding of the situation from the user’s point of view and the user’s goals and information needs.
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Liu, Hugo, Pattie Maes, and Glorianna Davenport. "Unraveling the Taste Fabric of Social Networks." In Human Computer Interaction, 1521–46. IGI Global, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-87828-991-9.ch096.
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Popular online social networks such as Friendster and MySpace do more than simply reveal the superficial structure of social connectedness—the rich meanings bottled within social network profiles themselves imply deeper patterns of culture and taste. If these latent semantic fabrics of taste could be harvested formally, the resultant resource would afford completely novel ways for representing and reasoning about web users and people in general. This paper narrates the theory and technique of such a feat—the natural language text of 100,000 social network profiles were captured, mapped into a diverse ontology of music, books, films, foods, etc., and machine learning was applied to infer a semantic fabric of taste. Taste fabrics bring us closer to improvisational manipulations of meaning, and afford us at least three semantic functions—the creation of semantically flexible user representations, cross-domain taste-based recommendation, and the computation of taste-similarity between people— whose use cases are demonstrated within the context of three applications—the InterestMap, Ambient Semantics, and IdentityMirror. Finally, we evaluate the quality of the taste fabrics, and distill from this research reusable methodologies and techniques of consequence to the semantic mining and Semantic Web communities.
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Rohaert, Sarah. "A Fast vs. Slow Fashion Fair on the Global Impact of Local Wardrobe Choices." In Handbook of Research on Improving Engineering Education with the European Project Semester, 333–47. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-2309-7.ch019.
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Sustainability is a principal research domain and part of the DNA of the European Project Semester at the Faculty of Design Sciences at the University of Antwerp. This chapter describes how a multidisciplinary EPS team collaborated to design an interactive event, exhibit, and campaign to promote sustainable consumer behavior on a fair at the city campus of the university, with a focus on awareness-raising about fast versus slow fashion. Throughout all development stages, the team improved their work-in-progress during weekly coaching sessions with access to the sustainability-related research group and toolkits. This rich trajectory and the resulting fast/slow fashion fair triggered deep reflections on the team regarding fair fashion as well as taught them to plan a major event with many stakeholders, eco-design for the outdoors, and proactively communicate and develop their public relations and negotiation skills. It also raised awareness about the sustainable fashion cause among the students, staff, and the general public who visited the fair.
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Bishop, Jonathan. "Increasing Participation in Large-Scale Virtual Environments." In Multimedia and Sensory Input for Augmented, Mixed, and Virtual Reality, 165–94. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-4703-8.ch009.
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The proliferation of media-rich social networking services has changed the way people use information society and audio-visual media services. Existing theories of cognition in human-computer interaction have limitations in dealing with the unique problems that exist in contemporary virtual environments. The presence of significant numbers of people using these at the same time causes behavioural issues not previously envisaged at the time of multi-user domains (MUDs) or the first massively-multiplayer online role-playing games. To understand such large-scale virtual environments, this chapter makes use of data generated from questionnaires, usability testing, and social and web metrics to assess the relevance of ecological cognition theory for the current age. Through making use of a biometric measure called ‘knol', the chapter suggests a new framework for measuring emotion and cognition in these and future environments.
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Kumar, Ashwini. "High Energy Physics." In Redefining Standard Model Particle Physics [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.107667.
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The creation of strongly interacting dense state of matter is expected in heavy-ion accelerators at relativistic energies, such as Relativistic Heavy Ion collider and Large Hadron Collider experiments. These experiments are believed to provide us the signature of the formation on quark-gluon plasma (QGP) and possible QCD phase transition. The charged particles directly and indirectly measured by detectors located near the collision point bear the signals of QGP and hint toward the occurrence of QCD phase transition going from hadronic phase to the QGP phase and vice versa. The observation of large particle density fluctuations in the JACEE experiment and its explanation by normalized factorial moments triggered investigations of multiplicity fluctuation patterns with decreasing domains of phase space (one-, two-, or three-dimensional phase space) invoked special interest to analyze such events. Fluctuations of dynamical origin are reflected in probability density as intermittency behavior and indicate toward the creation of QGP. Various fluctuation observables were proposed on theoretical basis, and their measurements became possible by the availability of detector facility in these modern and technologically rich experiments. A careful measurement and examination have been carried out over past years with many discoveries and are still in progress to address many new physics issues.
Conference papers on the topic "AT-rich interacting domain"
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Furuta, Mayuko, Ha H. Nguyen, Akihiro Fujimoto, Yuichi Shiraishi, Satoru Miyano, Tatsuhiko Tsunoda, and Hidewaki Nakagawa. "Abstract 5200: Genome-wide integrative analysis for the determination of the consequence of AT-rich interacting domain 2 (ARID2) depletion in hepatocellular carcinoma." In Proceedings: AACR 104th Annual Meeting 2013; Apr 6-10, 2013; Washington, DC. American Association for Cancer Research, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2013-5200.
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Song, Meiying, Chang Hoon Shin, Misun Park, Hoguen Kim, and Hyunki Kim. "Abstract 4512: AT rich interactive domain 3A (ARID3A) overexpression correlates with good prognosis in colorectal cancer." In Proceedings: AACR 103rd Annual Meeting 2012‐‐ Mar 31‐Apr 4, 2012; Chicago, IL. American Association for Cancer Research, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2012-4512.
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DePoli, Patricia, Theresa Bacon-Baquley, and Daniel A. Walz. "THROMBOSPONDIN INTERACTION WITH PLASMINOGEN." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643824.
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Platelet thrombospondin (TSP) interacts with plasminogen in a specific and saturable manner. TSP can form a trimolecular complex with histidine-rich glycoprotein and plasminogen and the plasminogen within such complexes can reportedly be activated by tissue plasminogen activator. We have studied the interaction of TSP with plasminogen using Western blotting of plasminogen, reduced plasmin and the elastase-generated fragments of plasminogen and their binding of iodinated TSP. TSP was found to specifically bind to plasminogen and the heavy (non-enzyme) chain of plasmin in a calcium-independent manner. Binding could be blocked by preincubation of the immobilized plasminogen or plasmin with an excess of unlabeled TSP. Plasminogen domains (kringles) were generated by limited eTastase proteolysis. TSP bound specifically to a single 51 kDa plasminogen fragment. The elastase-generated fragments were separated by lysine-Sepharose chromatography and their identities established by amino acid composition and amino-terminal sequence analysis. The 51 kDa plasminogen fragment bound to lysine-Sepharose and had an amino-terminal sequence corresponding to kringle 4 (K4) and a composition consistent with that of K4-K5-plasmin. TSP binding to this fragment was not blocked by the presence of an excess of the fragment K1-K2-K3, K4, nor miniplasminogen (K5-plasmin). Binding does not appear to be directly dependent upon the specific high-affinity lysine binding site of the 51 kDa fragment. Our data suggests that thrombospondin interacts with plasminogen at a single distinct site, and that this recognition site is at or near the K4-K5 contiguous region of plasminogen.
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Goldberg, Benjamin, Nicholas Roberts, W. Gabe Powell, and Elyse Burmester. ""Intelligent tutoring in the wild: leveraging mobile app technology to guide live training"." In The 8th International Defence and Homeland Security Simulation Workshop. CAL-TEK srl, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.46354/i3m.2018.dhss.008.
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"Mobile computing technologies are extending how people can interact with educational and training content in a whole new way. Through high resolution displays, intuitive user interfacing, embedded sensing technologies, and well supported app development communities, there is a plethora of content that can be used to build effective materials that target knowledge and skill development. To truly enhance this new training paradigm, extending Intelligent Tutoring System (ITS) to support mobile interactions can provide a new means to managing training in a rich contextualized environment. In this instance, learning takes place in the natural environment where directed experiences focus on the elements surrounding one’s location. In this paper, we describe the development of a new mobile ITS application using the Generalized Intelligent Framework for Tutoring (GIFT; Sottilare, Goldberg, Brawner & Holden, 2012). The domain of land navigation was applied as a use case, with direct support for the United States Military Academy at West Point. We describe the training concept, how GIFT was extended to support this concept from an architectural and assessment standpoint, along with implementation plans for an initial training effectiveness study."
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Qamar, Ahsan, and Christiaan J. J. Paredis. "Dependency Modeling and Model Management in Mechatronic Design." In ASME 2012 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2012-70272.
Full textAbstract:
Mechatronic design is traditionally supported through domain-specific design activities throughout the product development process. The partitioning into domain-specific problems leads to a situation where product properties influence each other, hence giving rise to dependencies. These dependencies play a key role in prediction of properties and as a result, in the decision making process. The important question is: how to manage the dependencies for an efficient and effective decision making? The aim of this paper is threefold. Firstly, we investigate the nature of dependencies and study how to model them. The paper proposes appropriate language constructs taking into account synthesis and analysis nature of properties and dependencies. The concepts related to the dependency modeling are then illustrated through a simple robot design example, where the creation and importance of a dependency model are explained. Secondly, we study practical approaches for consistency management and model management in the presence of dependencies. Six levels-of-detail in modeling dependencies are presented; emphasizing that modeling at higher level-of-detail ensures that more inconsistencies are avoided. Available languages such as OMG SysML™ are evaluated for a possible creation of the dependency models leading towards executable dependency networks. However, at present, SysML does not provide sufficiently rich language constructs to model dependencies. Thirdly, we compare our dependency modeling approach to the other state-of-the-art approaches such as dependency modeling with a Design Structure Matrix, and highlight the benefits of the language constructs proposed in this paper. We aim to convince the reader that there is a substantial value in modeling dependencies explicitly, especially to avoid inconsistencies, which is not the current state of the practice. However, an overall value from dependency modeling can only be obtained if the cost of creating the dependency model is reasonable. Issues such as human interaction/effort and model management through PLM are discussed.
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Mousavi, S. M. "Numerical simulation of coronary arteries blood flow: effects of the aortic valve and boundary conditions." In AIMETA 2022. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644902431-46.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. Sudden cardiac death in athletes is often related to anomalies in coronary origin, which may affect how coronary arteries supply blood to the heart; this highlights the importance of understanding coronary perfusion. Studies for the simulation and predictions of coronary blood flow under normal or disease conditions are many. Numerical simulations can provide rich information about the coronary blood flow with reduced costs in relation to physical models. Correct numerical simulation of the coronary blood flow is still challenging due to the complex interactions with the upstream, e.g., the aortic root, and downstream, e.g., the ventricular contraction, parts of the coronary arteries. Among all, the intrinsic ability of coronary artery autoregulation, intramyocardial resistance, cardiac frequency, and aortic valve functioning could significantly affect the coronary artery perfusion. In the present study, we aim at investigating the effects of the aortic valve and boundary conditions on coronary perfusion. We numerically modeled, by means of the ANSYS-Fluent software, the blood flow inside the proximal parts of the left and right coronary arteries, aortic sinuses of Valsalva, and ascending aorta with and without the aortic valve; the geometry of the computational model represents the average healthy person. Physiological boundary values have been applied at the computational domain boundaries to achieve a stable solution of the Navier-Stokes equations, which govern the incompressible, laminar, Newtonian blood flow. Our numerical results give insight into a proper numerical setup to predict coronary blood flow.
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Hatami-Marbini, Hamed, Ebitimi Etebu, and Abdolrasol Rahimi. "Characterizing Swelling Pressure and Hydration Relationship for Porcine Corneal Stroma." In ASME 2013 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2013-14759.
Full textAbstract:
The mechanical properties and structure of connective tissues such as the cornea and articular cartilage are derived from the functions and properties of their extracellular matrix, which is a polyelectrolyte gel composed of collagenous fibers embedded in an aqueous matrix. The collagen fibrils in the extracellular matrix of the corneal stroma are arranged in a regular lattice structure, which is necessary for corneal transparency and transmitting the incident light to the back of the eye. This regular pseudo hexagonal arrangement is attributed to the interaction of collagen fibrils with the proteoglycans; these regularities are lost in proteoglycan knock-out mice [1]. Proteoglycans are heavily glycosylated glycoproteins consisting of a core protein to which glycosaminoglycan chains are covalently attached. The main proteoglycan in the corneal stroma is decorin. Decorin is the simplest small leucine-rich proteoglycan with only a single glycosaminoglycan side chain. It has a horse shape core protein and binds collagen fibrils at regular sites. Under normal physiological conditions, these linear carbohydrate polymers are ionized and carry negative charges due to the presence of negatively charged carboxylate and sulfate groups. The presence of these fixed charges creates an imbalance of charge density within the stroma and its surrounding aqueous domain. Therefore, the tissue has a tendency to swell when immersed in a bathing solution. In order to create mathematical models for the corneal mechanics, a proper experimental characterization of the swelling properties of the tissue is necessary.
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Cresci, Irene, Peter T. Ireland, Marko Bacic, Ian Tibbott, and Anton Rawlinson. "Velocity and Turbulence Intensity Profiles Downstream of a Long Reach Endwall Double Row of Film Cooling Holes in a Gas Turbine Combustor Representative Environment." In ASME Turbo Expo 2015: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2015-42307.
Full textAbstract:
The continuous demand from the airlines for reduced jet engine fuel consumption results in increasingly challenging high pressure turbine nozzle guide vane (NGV) working conditions. The capability to reproduce realistic boundary conditions in a rig at the combustor-turbine interaction plane is a key feature when testing NGVs in an engine-representative environment. A large scale linear cascade rig to investigate NGV leading edge cooling systems has been designed with particular attention being paid to creating engine representative conditions at the inlet to the NGVs. The combustor simulator replicates the main features of a rich-burn design including large dilution jets and extensive endwall film cooling. A three-dimensional computational domain including the entire combustor simulator has been created and RANS CFD simulations have been run in order to match Reynolds number and mainstream-to-coolant momentum flux ratio; velocity and turbulence measurements have been acquired at the NGV inlet plane at ambient temperature. In this engine-representative environment the authors focused their attention on the flow field downstream of different endwall film cooling holes configurations: three arrangements of a double row of staggered cylindrical holes (lateral pitch-to-diameter ratio of 2–3–6) and one with intersecting holes (intersecting angle of 90°) are experimentally and numerically analyzed. Velocity, turbulence intensity and integral length scales are predicted and measured for a density ratio of 1 and coolant-to-mainstream momentum flux of 6. A hot wire sensor was mounted on a two-axis traverse mechanism able to move the probe in the spanwise and lateral directions. Three slots allowed to reposition the traverse and take measurements at three downstream locations (stream-wise distance-to-diameter ratio of 4.2–9.2–14.2). The research confirmed the strong influence of the endwall coolant on the flow field at the NGV inlet plane and the hole spacing results a key parameter in managing the film development. Closer-spaced hole configurations can assure an effective film coverage. The integral length scales are strongly connected to the hole diameter and spacing. Intersecting holes can potentially reduce the amount of required coolant at a fixed pressure ratio, but they offer worst film performance than cylindrical holes. RANS simulations proved to be able to get the main trends shown by the measurements.
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Cely, Alexandra, Morten Hammer, Hilde Andersen, Tao Yang, Petter Nekså, and Øivind Wilhelmsen. "Thermodynamic Model Evaluations for Hydrogen Pipeline Transportation." In SPE EuropEC - Europe Energy Conference featured at the 83rd EAGE Annual Conference & Exhibition. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/209626-ms.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Equations of state and transport property models for hydrogen and hydrogen mixed with natural gas components relevant for pipeline transport have been evaluated by comparing to experimental data and reference equations of state. The evaluated properties are density, speed of sound, Joule-Thompson coefficient, the isobaric and isochoric heat capacity, viscosity, and thermal conductivity. A temperature span of −10 to 50 °C and a pressure span of 1-300 bara has been set as the target range for pipeline transport. Viscosity and thermal conductivity models have been evaluated for binaries where experimental data are available. The goal of this work was to determine if models already available in commercial simulators can predict fluid properties accurate enough for engineering purposes. The classical cubic equations of state of Soave-Redich-Kwong (SRK) and Peng-Robinson (PR) with van der Waals mixing rules have been tested with parameters extracted from the common commercial simulations tools Hysys, Unisim, PVTsim Nova and Multifash. In general, the different parameter sets give similar performance. One exception is the H2-CH4 binary, where both Unisim and Multifash use a non-optimal kij interaction parameter. Neither the SRK, nor PR can describe the Joule-Thompson coefficient of hydrogen, and the error lies in the range 50%-100%. The Joule-Thompson coefficient is however small, and the effect of this misprediction on pipeline simulations might not be significant. For viscosity and thermal conductivity predictions, the SuperTRAPP model in REFPROP 10 as well as simpler viscosity models LGE, LBC and a corresponding-state-principle model of PVTsim Nova have been evaluated. The SuperTRAPP model in REFPROP 10 was found to predict viscosity and thermal conductivity within a reasonable accuracy for pure hydrogen. The simpler viscosity models LGE and LBC overestimate the viscosity of hydrogen by 65% to 90% in the transport domain of interest. For the hydrogen binary systems studied, the SuperTRAPP model for the thermal conductivity and viscosity had errors around 20% at high pressures. Comparing corresponding-state-principle viscosity models with the SuperTRAPP model gave relative deviations in the range 3.9% to 13%. The SRK equation of state is found to perform better than the PR equation of state, with a relative density error below 1% for hydrogen rich systems. A TIBCO Spotfire® visualization dashboard has been developed for easy access to the evaluation results of the large amount of data and thermodynamic models. A steady-state thermohydraulic analysis for Europipe (Norway to Europe) has been performed to evaluate the effect that using different equations of state and viscosity models have on the thermohydraulic estimations. After a review of the thermodynamic model's performance, clear guidance on model selection for hydrogen transportation is provided.
Reports on the topic "AT-rich interacting domain"
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Fluhr, Robert, and Maor Bar-Peled. Novel Lectin Controls Wound-responses in Arabidopsis. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7697123.bard.
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Innate immune responses in animals and plants involve receptors that recognize microbe-associated molecules. In plants, one set of this defense system is characterized by large families of TIR–nucleotide binding site–leucine-rich repeat (TIR-NBS-LRR) resistance genes. The direct interaction between plant proteins harboring the TIR domain with proteins that transmit and facilitate a signaling pathway has yet to be shown. The Arabidopsis genome encodes TIR-domain containing genes that lack NBS and LRR whose functions are unknown. Here we investigated the functional role of such protein, TLW1 (TIR LECTIN WOUNDRESPONSIVE1). The TLW1 gene encodes a protein with two domains: a TIR domain linked to a lectin-containing domain. Our specific aim in this proposal was to examine the ramifications of the TL1-glycan interaction by; A) The functional characterization of TL1 activity in the context of plant wound response and B) Examine the hypothesis that wounding induced specific polysaccharides and examine them as candidates for TL-1 interactive glycan compounds. The Weizmann group showed TLW1 transcripts are rapidly induced by wounding in a JA-independent pathway and T-DNA-tagged tlw1 mutants that lack TLW1 transcripts, fail to initiate the full systemic wound response. Transcriptome methodology analysis was set up and transcriptome analyses indicates a two-fold reduced level of JA-responsive but not JA-independent transcripts. The TIR domain of TLW1 was found to interact directly with the KAT2/PED1 gene product responsible for the final b-oxidation steps in peroxisomal-basedJA biosynthesis. To identify potential binding target(s) of TL1 in plant wound response, the CCRC group first expressed recombinant TL1 in bacterial cells and optimized conditions for the protein expression. TL1 was most highly expressed in ArcticExpress cell line. Different types of extraction buffers and extraction methods were used to prepare plant extracts for TL1 binding assay. Optimized condition for glycan labeling was determined, and 2-aminobenzamide was used to label plant extracts. Sensitivity of MALDI and LC-MS using standard glycans. THAP (2,4,6- Trihydroxyacetophenone) showed minimal background peaks at positive mode of MALDI, however, it was insensitive with a minimum detection level of 100 ng. Using LC-MS, sensitivity was highly increased enough to detect 30 pmol concentration. However, patterns of total glycans displayed no significant difference between different extraction conditions when samples were separated with Dionex ICS-2000 ion chromatography system. Transgenic plants over-expressing lectin domains were generated to obtain active lectin domain in plant cells. Insertion of the overexpression construct into the plant genome was confirmed by antibiotic selection and genomic DNA PCR. However, RT-PCR analysis was not able to detect increased level of the transcripts. Binding ability of azelaic acid to recombinant TL1. Azelaic acid was detected in GST-TL1 elution fraction, however, DHB matrix has the same mass in background signals, which needs to be further tested on other matrices. The major findings showed the importance of TLW1 in regulating wound response. The findings demonstrate completely novel and unexpected TIR domain interactions and reveal a control nexus and mechanism that contributes to the propagation of wound responses in Arabidopsis. The implications are to our understanding of the function of TIR domains and to the notion that early molecular events occur systemically within minutes of a plant sustaining a wound. A WEB site (http://genome.weizmann.ac.il/hormonometer/) was set up that enables scientists to interact with a collated plant hormone database.
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Chefetz, Benny, and Jon Chorover. Sorption and Mobility of Pharmaceutical Compounds in Soils Irrigated with Treated Wastewater. United States Department of Agriculture, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7592117.bard.
Full textAbstract:
Research into the fate of pharmaceutical compounds (PCs) in the environment has focused on aspects of removal efficiency during sewage treatment, degradation in surface water and accumulation in soils and sediments. However, very little information is available on the binding interactions of pharmaceuticals with dissolved organic matter (DOM) originating from wastewater treatment. Such interactions can significantly affect the transport potential of PCs in soils by altering compound affinity for soil particle surfaces. Our primary hypothesis is that the transport potential of PCs in soils is strongly impacted by the type and strength of interaction with DOM and the stability of resulting DOM-PC complexes. The overarching goal of the proposed work is to develop a better understanding of the risk associated with introduction of PCs into the environment with treated wastewater. This goal has been achieved by elucidating the mechanisms of the interaction of selected pharmaceuticals (that have shown to be widespread wastewater contaminants) with DOM constituents; by determining the stability and fate of DOM-PC complexes introduced to soils and soil constituents; and by evaluating the potential uptake of these compounds by plants. Based on the results obtained in this study (column and batch sorption-desorption experiments), we suggest that PCs can be classified as slow-mobile compounds in SOM-rich soil layers. When these compounds pass this layer and/or are introduced into SOM-poor soils, their mobility increases significantly. Our data suggest that in semiarid soils (consisting of low SOM), PCs can potentially be transported to the groundwater in fields irrigated with reclaimed wastewater. Moreover, the higher mobility of the acid PCs (i.e., naproxen and diclofenac) in freshwater column systems suggests that their residues in soils irrigated with reclaimed wastewater can leach from the root zone and be transported to the groundwater after rain events. Our data obtained from the binding experiments of PCs with DOM demonstrate that the hydrophobic DOM fractions were more efficient at sorbing PCs than the more polar hydrophilic fractions at a pH near the pKa of the analytes. At the pH of natural semiarid water and soil systems, including that of reclaimed wastewater and biosolids, the role of the hydrophobic fractions as sorption domains is less important than the contribution of the hydrophilic fractions. We also hypothesize that the DOM fractions interact with each other at the molecular level and do not act as independent sorption domains. In summary, our data collected in the BARD project demonstrate that the sorption abilities of the DOM fractions can also significantly affect the mobility of pharmaceutical compounds in soils influenced by intensive irrigation with treated wastewater or amended with biosolids.
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Chefetz, Benny, and Jon Chorover. Sorption and Mobility of Pharmaceutical Compounds in Soils Irrigated with Treated Wastewater. United States Department of Agriculture, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7709883.bard.
Full textAbstract:
Research into the fate of pharmaceutical compounds (PCs) in the environment has focused on aspects of removal efficiency during sewage treatment, degradation in surface water and accumulation in soils and sediments. However, very little information is available on the binding interactions of pharmaceuticals with dissolved organic matter (DOM) originating from wastewater treatment. Such interactions can significantly affect the transport potential of PCs in soils by altering compound affinity for soil particle surfaces. Our primary hypothesis is that the transport potential of PCs in soils is strongly impacted by the type and strength of interaction with DOM and the stability of resulting DOM-PC complexes. The overarching goal of the proposed work is to develop a better understanding of the risk associated with introduction of PCs into the environment with treated wastewater. This goal has been achieved by elucidating the mechanisms of the interaction of selected pharmaceuticals (that have shown to be widespread wastewater contaminants) with DOM constituents; by determining the stability and fate of DOM-PC complexes introduced to soils and soil constituents; and by evaluating the potential uptake of these compounds by plants. Based on the results obtained in this study (column and batch sorption-desorption experiments), we suggest that PCs can be classified as slow-mobile compounds in SOM-rich soil layers. When these compounds pass this layer and/or are introduced into SOM-poor soils, their mobility increases significantly. Our data suggest that in semiarid soils (consisting of low SOM), PCs can potentially be transported to the groundwater in fields irrigated with reclaimed wastewater. Moreover, the higher mobility of the acid PCs (i.e., naproxen and diclofenac) in freshwater column systems suggests that their residues in soils irrigated with reclaimed wastewater can leach from the root zone and be transported to the groundwater after rain events. Our data obtained from the binding experiments of PCs with DOM demonstrate that the hydrophobic DOM fractions were more efficient at sorbing PCs than the more polar hydrophilic fractions at a pH near the pKa of the analytes. At the pH of natural semiarid water and soil systems, including that of reclaimed wastewater and biosolids, the role of the hydrophobic fractions as sorption domains is less important than the contribution of the hydrophilic fractions. We also hypothesize that the DOM fractions interact with each other at the molecular level and do not act as independent sorption domains. In summary, our data collected in the BARD project demonstrate that the sorption abilities of the DOM fractions can also significantly affect the mobility of pharmaceutical compounds in soils influenced by intensive irrigation with treated wastewater or amended with biosolids.