Journal articles: 'Asynchronous'

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Klassen, Stephen A., M. Erin Moir, Jacqueline K. Limberg, Sarah E. Baker, Wayne T. Nicholson, Timothy B. Curry, Michael J. Joyner, and J. Kevin Shoemaker. "Asynchronous action potential discharge in human muscle sympathetic nerve activity." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 317, no. 4 (October 1, 2019): H754—H764. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00258.2019.

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What strategies are employed by the sympathetic system to communicate with the circulation? Muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) occurs in bursts of synchronous action potential (AP) discharge, yet whether between-burst asynchronous AP firing exists remains unknown. Using multiunit microneurography and a continuous wavelet transform to isolate APs, we studied AP synchronicity within human MSNA. Asynchronous APs were defined as those which occurred between bursts. Experiment 1 quantified AP synchronicity in eight individuals at baseline (BSL), −10 mmHg lower body negative pressure (LBNP), −40 mmHg LBNP, and end-expiratory apnea (APN). At BSL, 33 ± 12% of total AP activity was asynchronous. Asynchronous discharge was unchanged from BSL (67 ± 37 AP/min) to −10 mmHg LBNP (69 ± 33 AP/min), −40 mmHg LBNP (83 ± 68 AP/min), or APN (62 ± 39 AP/min). Across all conditions, asynchronous AP probability and frequency decreased with increasing AP size. Experiment 2 examined the impact of the ganglia on AP synchronicity by using nicotinic blockade (trimethaphan). The largest asynchronous APs were derecruited from BSL (11 ± 4 asynchronous AP clusters) to the last minute of the trimethaphan infusion with visible bursts (7 ± 2 asynchronous AP clusters). However, the 6 ± 2 smallest asynchronous AP clusters could not be blocked by trimethaphan and persisted to fire 100 ± 0% asynchronously without forming bursts. Nonnicotinic ganglionic mechanisms affect some, but not all, asynchronous activity. The fundamental behavior of human MSNA contains between-burst asynchronous AP discharge, which accounts for a considerable amount of BSL activity. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Historically, sympathetic nerve activity destined for the blood vessels supplying skeletal muscle (MSNA) has been characterized by spontaneous bursts formed by synchronous action potential (AP) discharge. However, this study found a considerable amount (~30% during baseline) of sympathetic AP discharge to fire asynchronously between bursts of human MSNA. Trimethaphan infusion revealed that nonnicotinic ganglionic mechanisms contribute to some, but not all, asynchronous discharge. Asynchronous sympathetic AP discharge represents a fundamental behavior of MSNA.

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Fu, Mingzhu, Xude Wang, Yuhan Fan, Mengxiang Lu, Kaixin Li, and Suwen Li. "Real-time observation of soliton pulsation and explosion in an Yb-doped fiber laser." Laser Physics 34, no. 5 (April 4, 2024): 055102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1555-6611/ad38b0.

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Abstract Nonlinear dissipative systems support pulsating solutions and exhibit many interesting dynamic behaviors. Here, we report various soliton pulsations and explosions in an all-normal dispersion ytterbium-doped fiber laser by utilizing the dispersive Fourier transform technique. By the different soliton dynamics, these phenomena can be classified into single-soliton pulsation and explosion, dual-soliton synchronous and asynchronous pulsation, as well as dual-soliton asynchronous explosion. Solitons exhibit identical periodic fluctuations in the synchronous pulsation while showing the anti-phase behavior in asynchronous pulsation. The dual-soliton asynchronous pulsation might be related to the periodic modulation of the polarization state of solitons. As for the dual-soliton asynchronous explosion, it can be regarded as the asynchronously triggered transient solitons containing periodic explosion through the gain-mediated soliton interactions. These findings may provide new insights into complex dynamics in the field of ultrafast lasers.

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Gunji, Yukio-Pegio, and Daisuke Uragami. "Computational Power of Asynchronously Tuned Automata Enhancing the Unfolded Edge of Chaos." Entropy 23, no. 11 (October 20, 2021): 1376. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e23111376.

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Asynchronously tuned elementary cellular automata (AT-ECA) are described with respect to the relationship between active and passive updating, and that spells out the relationship between synchronous and asynchronous updating. Mutual tuning between synchronous and asynchronous updating can be interpreted as the model for dissipative structure, and that can reveal the critical property in the phase transition from order to chaos. Since asynchronous tuning easily makes behavior at the edge of chaos, the property of AT-ECA is called the unfolded edge of chaos. The computational power of AT-ECA is evaluated by the quantitative measure of computational universality and efficiency. It shows that the computational efficiency of AT-ECA is much higher than that of synchronous ECA and asynchronous ECA.

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MUSCALAGIU, IONEL, JOSE M. VIDAL, VLADIMIR CRETU, HORIA EMIL POPA, and MANUELA PANOIU. "EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECTS OF AGENT SYNCHRONIZATION IN ASYNCHRONOUS SEARCH ALGORITHMS." International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering 18, no. 05 (August 2008): 619–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218194008003799.

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The asynchronous searching techniques are characterized by the fact that each agent instantiates its variables in a concurrent way. Then, it sends the values of its variables to other agents directly connected to it by using messages. These asynchronous techniques have different behaviors in the case of delays in sending messages. This article presents the opportunity for synchronizing the execution of agents in the case of asynchronous techniques. It investigates and compares the behaviors of several asynchronous techniques in two cases: agents process the received messages asynchronously (the real situation) and the synchronous case, when a synchronization of the execution of agents is done, i.e. the agents perform a computing cycle in which they process a message from a message queue. After that, the synchronization is done by waiting for the other agents to finalize the processing of their messages. The experiments show that the synchronization of the agents execution leads to lower costs in searching for solutions. A solution for synchronizing the agents execution is suggested for the analyzed asynchronous techniques.

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Ab. Aziz, Nor Azlina, Nor Hidayati Abd Aziz, Tasiransurini Ab Rahman, Norrima Mokhtar, and Marizan Mubin. "Random Synchronous Asynchronous PSO – A Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm with a New Iteration Strategy." Mekatronika 1, no. 2 (July 15, 2019): 81–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/mekatronika.v1i2.4989.

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Particle swarm optimisation (PSO) is a population-based stochastic optimisation algorithm. Traditionally the particles update sequence for PSO can be categorized into two groups, synchronous (S-PSO) or asynchronous (A-PSO) update. In S-PSO, the particles’ performances are evaluated before their velocity and position are updated, while in A-PSO, each particle’s velocity and position is updated immediately after individual performance is evaluated. In another study, a random asynchronous PSO (RA-PSO) has been proposed. In RA-PSO, particles are randomly chosen to be updated asynchronously, the randomness improves swarm’s exploration. RA-PSO belongs to the asynchronous group. In this paper, a new category; hybrid update sequence is proposed. The new update sequence exploits the advantages of synchronous, asynchronous, and random update methods. The proposed sequence is termed as, random synchronous-asynchronous PSO (RSA-PSO). RSA-PSO divides the particles into groups. The groups are subjected to random asynchronous update, while the particles within a chosen group are updated synchronously. The performance of RSA-PSO is compared with the existing S-PSO, A-PSO, and RA-PSO using CEC2014’s benchmark functions. The results show that RSA-PSO is superior to both A-PSO and RA-PSO, and as good as S-PSO

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Hébert, Percy N., and Raymond McNeil. "Hatching asynchrony and food stress in Ring-billed Gulls: an experimental study." Canadian Journal of Zoology 77, no. 4 (September 15, 1999): 515–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z99-012.

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We examined predictions derived from three hypotheses (hurry-up, peak-load reduction, and brood reduction) regarding the adaptive significance of hatching asynchrony. The study was conducted, in 1991 and 1992, in a colony of Ring-billed Gulls (Larus delawarensis) on l'île de la Couvée, Montréal, Québec, Canada. The hypotheses were examined by comparing the mass and size of 18- to 20-day-old chicks from broods that hatched asynchronously (unmanipulated) and synchronously (manipulated). We also compared feeding rates and fledging success between asynchronous and synchronous broods. Also, in 1992, a sample of asynchronous and synchronous broods was experimentally food stressed by providing them with an additional chick when the oldest resident chick was 4 or 5 days old. Consistent with the hurry-up hypothesis, hatch spreads were significantly shorter in 1991 when the mean clutch initiation date was significantly earlier compared with 1992. Also consistent with the hypothesis, hatch spreads increased significantly through the breeding season. In agreement with the peak-load-reduction hypothesis, feeding rates were significantly lower in asynchronous broods compared with synchronous broods. Contrary to the hypothesis, however, the feeding rate was similar for food-stressed asynchronous and food-stressed synchronous broods. As predicted by the brood-reduction hypothesis, survivorship was higher for first-hatched chicks in asynchronous broods compared with chicks in synchronous broods. Total brood loss as a result of starvation tended to occur less often in asynchronous broods compared with synchronous broods. Likewise, fledging success was higher in asynchronous broods compared with synchronous broods. However, contrary to the brood-reduction hypothesis, survival rate of first-hatched chicks, total brood loss, and fledging success were similar in food-stressed asynchronous and synchronous broods. The above results indicate that several benefits accure to Ring-billed Gulls from hatching asynchrony.

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Pighizzini, Giovanni. "Asynchronous automata versus asynchronous cellular automata." Theoretical Computer Science 132, no. 1-2 (September 1994): 179–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3975(94)90232-1.

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Cori, R., Y. Metivier, and W. Zielonka. "Asynchronous Mappings and Asynchronous Cellular Automata." Information and Computation 106, no. 2 (October 1993): 159–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/inco.1993.1052.

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Mercado, Emily M. "Preservice Music Educators’ Perceptions of In-Person and Asynchronous Online Fieldwork Experiences." Journal of Music Teacher Education 31, no. 2 (December 9, 2021): 41–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10570837211061291.

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The purpose of this instrumental case study was to examine preservice music educators’ (PMEs) perceptions of a semester-long fieldwork experience first delivered in person and then asynchronously online. Using the community of inquiry (CoI) framework, I analyzed the PMEs’ perceptions of their teaching presence in both fieldwork experiences. Participants cited benefits and challenges with lesson plan organization, in-person and asynchronous instruction, and building consensus about effective teaching. Notably, the asynchronous fieldwork provided a non-reactive environment where the script and delivery of content took precedent over a rehearsal mindset, which was more responsive and occurred during the in-person fieldwork. Based on these findings, music teacher educators might consider asynchronous fieldwork when in-person fieldwork is unavailable or as a stepping stone to prepare PMEs for in-person fieldwork experiences.

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Rahman, Tasiransurini Ab, Nor Azlina Ab. Aziz, and Zuwairie Ibrahim. "A Performance of AFIRO among Asynchronous Iteration Strategy Metaheuristic Algorithms." ECTI Transactions on Computer and Information Technology (ECTI-CIT) 17, no. 3 (July 22, 2023): 319–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.37936/ecti-cit.2023173.251829.

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Asynchronous Finite Impulse Response Optimizer (AFIRO) is a metaheuristic algorithm that has been developed as a population-based solution with an asynchronous update mechanism. AFIRO is inspired by the Ultimate Unbiased Finite Impulse Response filter framework. AFIRO works with a group of agents where each agent performs the iteration update asynchronously. In the original paper, AFIRO was compared with the Particle Swarm Optimisation algorithm, Genetic Algorithm, and Grey Wolf Optimizer. Although AFIRO shows a better performance, the comparison seems unfair since the iteration strategy of AFIRO is different from those compared algorithms. Hence, this article further investigates the potential of AFIRO against three existent metaheuristic algorithms with the same iteration strategy, namely Asynchronous PSO (A-PSO), Asynchronous Gravitational Search Algorithm (A-GSA), and Asynchronous Simulated Kalman Filter (A-SKF). The CEC2014 test suite was applied to evaluate the performance, where the results revealed that AFIRO leads 18 out of 30 functions. The Holm post hoc showed that AFIRO performs significantly better than A-SKF and A-GSA while having the same performance as A- PSO. Moreover, the Friedman test disclosed that AFIRO has the highest ranking than A-PSO, A-SKF, and A-GSA. Therefore, it can be concluded that AFIRO performs well in the same iteration strategy category.

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Indriyani, Vivi, Jasmienti, and Hasri Fendi. "Asynchronous vs Synchronous: Effects of Online Learning on Students' Oral Presentation Skills." Journal of Education Technology 8, no. 1 (April 4, 2024): 165–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.23887/jet.v8i1.67113.

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Online learning has become popular globally in every field of education as a result of advances in information and communication technology despite the COVID-19 pandemic. Online learning can be done synchronously and asynchronously. Based on this explanation, the purpose of this study was to analyze and compare synchronous and asynchronous online learning on students' oral presentation skills. This research method is an experiment with a quasi-experimental design. Two classes were selected as the sample for this study using a purposive sampling technique. With the provisions of one class as experimental class 1 by treating students with asynchronous online learning, while the experimental class 2 learning is carried out synchronously online. The research instrument used was a performance test, in which students made oral presentations. Analysis of research data using SPSS with the stages of normality test, homogeneity test, and t test. The results of the study showed that there was a difference in the average student learning outcomes, namely oral presentation skills and synchronous and asynchronous online learning processes. Based on the average difference, it shows that students are better at making oral presentations when learning is carried out asynchronously. Based on the results of this research, it can be concluded that online learning can be used as an alternative for the learning process, especially asynchronously, especially in relation to oral presentations.

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Ranganathan, Aruna, and Aayan Das. "Marching to Her Own Beat: Asynchronous Teamwork and Gender Differences in Performance on Creative Projects." American Sociological Review 88, no. 5 (September 30, 2023): 901–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00031224231199502.

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Women have traditionally been held back from performing to their full potential in creative project teams, where they typically constitute a minority. However, due to recent technological developments, the structure of teamwork is rapidly evolving. Specifically, teamwork is now often performed asynchronously: members of teams work at different times, by themselves, rather than simultaneously and together. How will this shift to asynchronous teamwork affect the performance of men and women on creative project teams? This article argues that women will perform better when teamwork is asynchronous rather than synchronous, because working alone will afford them greater freedom for creative expression. We argue that men will not experience the same boost in performance, and thus the spread of asynchronous teamwork has the potential to reduce gender disparities in performance. We explore this question in the context of folk-music ensembles in eastern India. After collecting ethnographic and interview data from folk musicians to develop our theory, we conducted a field experiment in which individual singers, men and women, recorded a song both synchronously and asynchronously with the same set of instrumentalists. This article contributes to the study of gender inequality, creativity, and the temporal restructuring of work.

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Zeki, Semir. "A massively asynchronous, parallel brain." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 370, no. 1668 (May 19, 2015): 20140174. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2014.0174.

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Whether the visual brain uses a parallel or a serial, hierarchical, strategy to process visual signals, the end result appears to be that different attributes of the visual scene are perceived asynchronously—with colour leading form (orientation) by 40 ms and direction of motion by about 80 ms. Whatever the neural root of this asynchrony, it creates a problem that has not been properly addressed, namely how visual attributes that are perceived asynchronously over brief time windows after stimulus onset are bound together in the longer term to give us a unified experience of the visual world, in which all attributes are apparently seen in perfect registration. In this review, I suggest that there is no central neural clock in the (visual) brain that synchronizes the activity of different processing systems. More likely, activity in each of the parallel processing-perceptual systems of the visual brain is reset independently, making of the brain a massively asynchronous organ, just like the new generation of more efficient computers promise to be. Given the asynchronous operations of the brain, it is likely that the results of activities in the different processing-perceptual systems are not bound by physiological interactions between cells in the specialized visual areas, but post-perceptually, outside the visual brain.

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Di Gennaro, Thiago Marchi Di, and Jacques Waldmann. "Sensor Fusion with Asynchronous Decentralized Processing for 3D Target Tracking with a Wireless Camera Network." Sensors 23, no. 3 (January 20, 2023): 1194. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23031194.

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We present a method to acquire 3D position measurements for decentralized target tracking with an asynchronous camera network. Cameras with known poses have fields of view with overlapping projections on the ground and 3D volumes above a reference ground plane. The purpose is to track targets in 3D space without constraining motion to a reference ground plane. Cameras exchange line-of-sight vectors and respective time tags asynchronously. From stereoscopy, we obtain the fused 3D measurement at the local frame capture instant. We use local decentralized Kalman information filtering and particle filtering for target state estimation to test our approach with only local estimation. Monte Carlo simulation includes communication losses due to frame processing delays. We measure performance with the average root mean square error of 3D position estimates projected on the image planes of the cameras. We then compare only local estimation to exchanging additional asynchronous communications using the Batch Asynchronous Filter and the Sequential Asynchronous Particle Filter for further fusion of information pairs' estimates and fused 3D position measurements, respectively. Similar performance occurs in spite of the additional communication load relative to our local estimation approach, which exchanges just line-of-sight vectors.

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Srivastav, Ratnesh, G. C. Nandi, Rohit Shukla, and Harsh Verma. "Concurrent asynchronous robotic subsumption using actors & promises." IAES International Journal of Robotics and Automation (IJRA) 8, no. 4 (December 1, 2019): 217. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijra.v8i4.pp217-244.

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Fascinated with robotics open source integrated component MARIE [1], ROS [5] and open source component PLAYER/STAGE [2], CARMEN [3] available in the eld of robotics application. We aim at developing an asynchronous concurrent robotics application based on subsumption [6] architecture using PLAYER, STAGE and already available services freely available on the internet. We used wanderer and wall follower services embedded inside an actor [10][11] and integrated these services to two dierent robots of same congurations on our promise based frame-work that provides actor as service. The two robots switch their services based on color detected (red,green,blue) during their movement in an environment asynchronously. Using actor as a service lls the gap of SOA [4] & EDA [7] by providing<br />synchronous and asynchronous support for communication. We measured the performance of time taken in completion of services in promise [8] based implementation ,synchronous and asynchronous callback [9] based implementation. We developed a model to prove deadlock freeness in our integrated architecture using petrinet [15] interface composition. We have also been able to justify that component integrated on promise based framework takes less time in service completion than synchronous and asynchronous callback based services.

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Forte, N., F. Binda, A. Contestabile, F. Benfenati, and P. Baldelli. "Synapsin I Synchronizes GABA Release in Distinct Interneuron Subpopulations." Cerebral Cortex 30, no. 3 (August 30, 2019): 1393–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhz174.

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Abstract Neurotransmitters can be released either synchronously or asynchronously with respect to action potential timing. Synapsins (Syns) are a family of synaptic vesicle (SV) phosphoproteins that assist gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) release and allow a physiological excitation/inhibition balance. Consistently, deletion of either or both Syn1 and Syn2 genes is epileptogenic. In this work, we have characterized the effect of SynI knockout (KO) in the regulation of GABA release dynamics. Using patch-clamp recordings in hippocampal slices, we demonstrate that the lack of SynI impairs synchronous GABA release via a reduction of the readily releasable SVs and, in parallel, increases asynchronous GABA release. The effects of SynI deletion on synchronous GABA release were occluded by ω-AgatoxinIVA, indicating the involvement of P/Q-type Ca2+channel-expressing neurons. Using in situ hybridization, we show that SynI is more expressed in parvalbumin (PV) interneurons, characterized by synchronous release, than in cholecystokinin or SOM interneurons, characterized by a more asynchronous release. Optogenetic activation of PV and SOM interneurons revealed a specific reduction of synchronous release in PV/SynIKO interneurons associated with an increased asynchronous release in SOM/SynIKO interneurons. The results demonstrate that SynI is differentially expressed in interneuron subpopulations, where it boosts synchronous and limits asynchronous GABA release.

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Dadgar, Sherry, Zuyi Wang, Helen Johnston, Akanchha Kesari, Kanneboyina Nagaraju, Yi-Wen Chen, D. Ashley Hill, et al. "Asynchronous remodeling is a driver of failed regeneration in Duchenne muscular dystrophy." Journal of Cell Biology 207, no. 1 (October 13, 2014): 139–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201402079.

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We sought to determine the mechanisms underlying failure of muscle regeneration that is observed in dystrophic muscle through hypothesis generation using muscle profiling data (human dystrophy and murine regeneration). We found that transforming growth factor β–centered networks strongly associated with pathological fibrosis and failed regeneration were also induced during normal regeneration but at distinct time points. We hypothesized that asynchronously regenerating microenvironments are an underlying driver of fibrosis and failed regeneration. We validated this hypothesis using an experimental model of focal asynchronous bouts of muscle regeneration in wild-type (WT) mice. A chronic inflammatory state and reduced mitochondrial oxidative capacity are observed in bouts separated by 4 d, whereas a chronic profibrotic state was seen in bouts separated by 10 d. Treatment of asynchronously remodeling WT muscle with either prednisone or VBP15 mitigated the molecular phenotype. Our asynchronous regeneration model for pathological fibrosis and muscle wasting in the muscular dystrophies is likely generalizable to tissue failure in chronic inflammatory states in other regenerative tissues.

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Balbiani, Philippe, Hans van Ditmarsch, and Saúl Fernández González. "Asynchronous Announcements." ACM Transactions on Computational Logic 23, no. 2 (April 30, 2022): 1–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3481806.

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We propose a multi-agent epistemic logic of asynchronous announcements, where truthful announcements are publicly sent but individually received by agents, and in the order in which they were sent. Additional to epistemic modalities the logic contains dynamic modalities for making announcements and for receiving them. What an agent believes is a function of her initial uncertainty and of the announcements she has received. Beliefs need not be truthful, because announcements already made may not yet have been received. As announcements are true when sent, certain message sequences can be ruled out, just like inconsistent cuts in distributed computing. We provide a complete axiomatization for this asynchronous announcement logic ( AA ). It is a reduction system that also demonstrates that any formula in AA is equivalent to one without dynamic modalities, just as for public announcement logic. A detailed example modelling message exchanging processes in distributed computing in AA closes our investigation.

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Ahman, Danel, and Matija Pretnar. "Asynchronous effects." Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages 5, POPL (January 4, 2021): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3434305.

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James Lacy, G., and Rob Wilson. "Asynchronous logic." IEE Review 39, no. 5 (1993): 196. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ir:19930090.

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Davis, Al. "Asynchronous FUD." IEEE Design & Test of Computers 28, no. 5 (September 2011): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mdt.2011.97.

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Georgiou, Chryssis, Seth Gilbert, Rachid Guerraoui, and Dariusz R. Kowalski. "Asynchronous gossip." Journal of the ACM 60, no. 2 (April 2013): 1–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2450142.2450147.

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Calverd, Alan. "Asynchronous beats." Physics World 30, no. 3 (March 2017): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2058-7058/30/3/32.

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Leuschner, Torsten, and Daan Van den Nest. "Asynchronous grammaticalization." Contrasting contrastive approaches 15, no. 1 (April 3, 2015): 34–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lic.15.1.03leu.

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The present paper contrasts verb-first (V1-) conditionals in written usage in present-day English and German. Based on the hypothesis that V1-protases originated in independent interrogatives and then grammaticalized as conditional subordinate clauses in an asynchronous fashion in both languages, we use data from the British National Corpus (BNC) and the Deutsches Referenzkorpus (DeReKo) to investigate the lexical overlap of V1-protases with interrogatives and their functional overlap with ‘if-/wenn’-conditionals. The results show, inter alia, that English V1-conditionals are highly divergent from polar interrogatives and occupy a functional niche with respect to ‘if-’conditionals, with their German counterparts showing more transitional characteristics in both respects; they also suggest a special role for V1-protases with ‘should/sollte’ in expressing a subtype of neutral, rather than tentative, conditionality. Finally, prospects are discussed for future research regarding possible synchronic (i.e. discourse-functional) and diachronic (i.e. systemic) motivations for the differences and similarities observed between V1-conditionals in the two present-day languages.

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Aggarwal, A. K., Murray Turoff, Ron Legon, Gary Hackbarth, and Danni Fowler. "Asynchronous Learning." International Journal of Web-Based Learning and Teaching Technologies 1, no. 4 (October 2006): 54–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jwltt.2006100104.

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Aftandilian, Edward E., Samuel Z. Guyer, Martin Vechev, and Eran Yahav. "Asynchronous assertions." ACM SIGPLAN Notices 46, no. 10 (October 18, 2011): 275–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2076021.2048090.

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Brown, Geoffrey M. "Asynchronous multicaches." Distributed Computing 4, no. 1 (March 1990): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01783663.

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JUNG, E. G. "Asynchronous Reorder Buffer for Asynchronous On-Chip Bus." IEICE Transactions on Electronics E88-C, no. 12 (December 1, 2005): 2391–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ietele/e88-c.12.2391.

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Citrawati, Ni kadek, Ni Luh Putu Sri Adnyani, Ni Nyoman Padmadewi, and Ni Komang Arie Suwastini. "The Politeness Strategies Utilized by Postgraduate Students and Lecturers in Asynchronous online-learning Discussion." Lingua Didaktika: Jurnal Bahasa dan Pembelajaran Bahasa 15, no. 1 (June 22, 2021): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/ld.v15i1.112020.

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Politeness strategies are essential to communicate with others, either face-to-face or using computer-mediated communication synchronously or asynchronously. The advancement of technology also contributes to the development of the communication strategy. The study pointed at examining the politeness strategies utilized by students and teachers in an asynchronous online discussion. It used qualitative designed. The participants were 24 postgraduate students at a state university in North Bali. The data were gathered from the asynchronous online discussion on New Direction in ELT and Bilingual and Bilingual Education course. The study found that positive politeness is primarily used in the discussion. The result showed that the lecturers and students had a great awareness to apply politeness strategies in communicatio

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Fahmi, Muhammad Hanif, Lian Agustina Setiyaningsih, and Malikhatul Lailiyah. "Conveying Message Distortion: A Synchronous and Asynchronous Approach to Effective Aviation Communication Services." Jurnal Nomosleca 9, no. 1 (May 1, 2023): 139–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.26905/nomosleca.v9i1.9980.

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The study focuses on message distortion in aviation communication services, seen from the problem of using the media both synchronously and asynchronously. In doing so, 65 articles from reputable international journals, international journals, and accredited national journals were analyzed. The constructivism paradigm involves multidisciplinary information systems, communications, and media services. Excellent service in aviation is hampered by message distortion from customer service and customers exchanging information because communication media is dominated by asynchronous communication. The combination of approaches using synchronous and asynchronous media bridges the problem of message distortion in aviation communication services. Message distortions include physical disturbances, semantic disturbances, cultural and language differences, no feedback, status or position level differences, and information overload between communicators and communicants.

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Sari, Dwhy Dinda, and Muhammad Ilham. "APLIKASI PEMBELAJARAN SYNCHRONOUS DAN ASYNCHRONOUS DI PERGURUAN TINGGI." JURNAL TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI & KOMUNIKASI DALAM PENDIDIKAN 10, no. 2 (December 9, 2023): 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.24114/jtikp.v10i2.50671.

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Abstrak: Kemajuan teknologi saat ini telah menggerakkan dosen dan mahasiswa untuk menggunakan media pembelajaran berbasis teknologi informasi (TI) yang mendukung kegiatan perkuliahan. Penelitian ini melihat bagaimana penerapan aplikasi pembelajaran synchronous dan asynchronous di Fakultas Tarbiyah dan Ilmu Keguruan IAIN Lhokseumawe dan bagaimana perspektif mahasiswa terhadap penggunaan aplikasi pembelajaran synchronous dan asynchronous tersebut. Salah satu cara pembelajaran jarak jauh adalah pembelajaran Synchronous dan Asynchronous. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif. Hasil penelitian ditemukan jika dosen yang mengajar di Fakultas Tarbiyah dan Ilmu Keguruan IAIN Lhokseumawe ditemukan jika pada sistem pembelajaran synchronous, dosen banyak menggunakan aplikasi pembelajaran synchronous yaitu Zoom Meeting, WhatsApp, Google Meet atau Google Classroom dan aplikasi pembelajaran asynchronous yaitu video youtube, power point, e-book, canva, quizziz, kahoot. Sebanyak 89% mahasiswa tertarik dan merasa efektif menggunakan aplikasi pembelajaran synchronous dan 92% mahasiswa tertarik, merasa efektif dan termotivasi dengan penggunaan aplikasi pembelajaran asynchronous. Kata Kunci: aplikasi pembelajaran, synchronous, asynchronous. Abstract: Current technological advances have motivated faculty and students to use information technology-based learning media to support the teaching activities. This study looks at how the application of synchronous and asynchrone learning applications in the Faculty of education and teacher training IAIN Lhokseumawe and how the student's perspective towards the use of such synchronic and asymphonic learning applications. One way of distance learning is synchronous and asynchrone learning. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach. The results of the research were found if the lecturer who teaches at the Fakultas Tarbiyah dan Ilmu Keguruan IAIN Lhokseumawe found that on the synchronous learning system, the teacher used a lot of synchronized learning applications such as Zoom Meeting, WhatsApp, Google Meet or Google Classroom and asynchrone learning apps such as video youtube, power point, e-book, canva, quizziz, kahoot. 89% of students were interested and felt effective using synchronous learning applications and 92% were interested, felt effective and motivated by using asynchrone learning applications. Keywords: learning application, synchronous, asynchronou

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Chapman, Roger J., and Philip J. Smith. "Asynchronous Communications to Support Distributed Work in the National Airspace System." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 46, no. 1 (September 2002): 41–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120204600109.

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This research involved the evaluation of a multimodal asynchronous communications tool to support collaborative analysis of post-operations in the National Airspace System (NAS). Collaborating authors have been shown to provide different feedback with asynchronous speech based communications compared to text. Voice synchronized with pointing in asynchronous annotation systems has been found to be more efficient in scheduling tasks, than voice-only, or text only communication. This research investigated how synchronized voice and pointing annotation over asynchronously shared slide shows composed of post operations graphical and tabular data differs in its effect compared to text based annotation, as collections of flights ranked low by standard performance metrics are discussed by FAA (Federal Aviation Administration) and airline representatives. The results showed the combined problem solving and message creation time was shorter when working in the voice and pointing mode than the text based mode, without having an effect on the number and type of ideas generated for improving performance. In both modes the system was also considered useful and usable to both dispatchers and traffic managers.

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Jang, Suji, and Hyuk Lim. "AsyncFL: Asynchronous Federated Learning Using Majority Voting with Quantized Model Updates (Student Abstract)." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 36, no. 11 (June 28, 2022): 12975–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v36i11.21624.

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Federated learning (FL) performs the global model updating in a synchronous manner in that the FL server waits for a specific number of local models from distributed devices before computing and sharing a new global model. We propose asynchronous federated learning (AsyncFL), which allows each client to continuously upload its model based on its capabilities and the FL server to determine when to asynchronously update and broadcast the global model. The asynchronous model aggregation at the FL server is performed by the Boyer–Moore majority voting algorithm for the k-bit quantized weight values. The proposed FL can speed up the convergence of the global model learning early in the FL process and reduce data exchange once the model is converged.

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Khan, Muhammad Amir, Musleh Alsulami, Muhammad Mateen Yaqoob, Deafallah Alsadie, Abdul Khader Jilani Saudagar, Mohammed AlKhathami, and Umar Farooq Khattak. "Asynchronous Federated Learning for Improved Cardiovascular Disease Prediction Using Artificial Intelligence." Diagnostics 13, no. 14 (July 11, 2023): 2340. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13142340.

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Healthcare professionals consider predicting heart disease an essential task and deep learning has proven to be a promising approach for achieving this goal. This research paper introduces a novel method called the asynchronous federated deep learning approach for cardiac prediction (AFLCP), which combines a heart disease dataset and deep neural networks (DNNs) with an asynchronous learning technique. The proposed approach employs a method for asynchronously updating the parameters of DNNs and incorporates a temporally weighted aggregation technique to enhance the accuracy and convergence of the central model. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed AFLCP method, two datasets with various DNN architectures are tested, and the results demonstrate that the AFLCP approach outperforms the baseline method in terms of both communication cost and model accuracy.

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SHAPIRO, MICHAEL. "DETERMINISTIC AND NON-DETERMINISTIC ASYNCHRONOUS AUTOMATIC STRUCTURES." International Journal of Algebra and Computation 02, no. 03 (September 1992): 297–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218196792000189.

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Following the definition of asynchronous automatic structures in [3], we define non-deterministic asynchronous automatic structures and characterize these in terms of the asynchronous fellow traveller property. We show that any group with a non-deterministic asynchronous automatic structure has an asynchronous automatic structure. Non-deterministic asynchronous automatic structures are a labor saving method of showing that a group has an asynchronous automatic structure. They also allow one to define an equivalence relation on the class of non-deterministic asynchronous automatic structures which descends to the subclasses of deterministic asynchronous automatic structures and synchronous automatic structures.

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Cheng, Haoyu, Wenxing Fu, Chaoyang Dong, Qing Wang, and Yanze Hou. "Asynchronously finite-time H∞ control for morphing aircraft." Transactions of the Institute of Measurement and Control 40, no. 16 (February 26, 2018): 4330–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0142331217746737.

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This paper investigates the problem of asynchronously finite-time H∞ control for morphing aircraft with controller uncertainties. Based on the switched linear parameter-varying model of morphing aircraft, the inherent packet dropouts of system are taken into consideration, which will lead to asynchronous switching. The asynchronous switching means that the switching of controllers will lag behind the switching of corresponding subsystem. Moreover, in order to overcome the undesirable influence of controller uncertainties and guarantee that the corresponding closed-loop system is finite-time bounded with a specified H∞ performance index, the non-fragile finite-time H∞ controller is developed via asynchronously switched control. For the purpose of less conservative controller design, the finite-time robust stability analysis of the system is verified by combining mode-dependent average dwell time method and multiple Lyapunov functional method. The sufficient existing conditions and solutions of the controllers are found by solving a series of linear matrix inequalities. Finally, the method proposed in this paper is demonstrated by an illustrative numerical example.

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De Gaudenzi, Riccardo, Oscar del Rio Herrero, Guray Acar, and Eloi Garrido Barrabes. "Asynchronous Contention Resolution Diversity ALOHA: Making CRDSA Truly Asynchronous." IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications 13, no. 11 (November 2014): 6193–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/twc.2014.2334620.

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Kozyakin, V. S., N. A. Kuznetsov, and P. Yu Chebotarev. "Consensus in Asynchronous Multiagent Systems. I. Asynchronous Consensus Models." Automation and Remote Control 80, no. 4 (April 2019): 593–623. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0005117919040015.

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Martin, Alain J. "Asynchronous datapaths and the design of an asynchronous adder." Formal Methods in System Design 1, no. 1 (July 1992): 117–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00464358.

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Silaghi, Marius C., and Makoto Yokoo. "ADOPT-ing: unifying asynchronous distributed optimization with asynchronous backtracking." Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems 19, no. 2 (November 19, 2008): 89–123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10458-008-9069-2.

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Alattar, Reham. "The Effect of Synchronous and Asynchronous Enrichment Activities on the Achievement of Arabic Language Subject of Fifth Grade Student in Jordan." Dirasat: Human and Social Sciences 50, no. 1 (January 30, 2023): 293–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.35516/hum.v50i1.4413.

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The purpose of this study is to uncover the effect of synchronous and asynchronous interactive enrichment activities on fifth-grade students' achievement in the Arabic Language subject in Jordan. The study included 72 students who equally were distributed in two empirical groups. One of the groups included boys while the other group included girls. To achieve the objectives of the study, the researcher has prepared an achievement. The validity and reliability of the test were verified. To answer the two questions of the study, it used arithmetic means, standard deviations, and the One and Two-Way Analysis of Variance (ANCOVA). The results of the study indicated an improvement in students’ achievement in the Arabic Language subject, but the analysis of variance showed that there were no statistically significant differences at the significance level (α = 0.05) between the two study groups in the achievement test due to the synchronous or asynchronous interactive activities or interaction with sex. In light of the results of the study, the researcher figured out several recommendations, such as diversification of implementing interactive enrichment activities synchronously and asynchronously and conducting studies related to synchronous and asynchronous learning.

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Lee, Jia, Susumu Adachi, and Ferdinand Peper. "Reliable Self-Replicating Machines in Asynchronous Cellular Automata." Artificial Life 13, no. 4 (October 2007): 397–413. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/artl.2007.13.4.397.

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We propose a self-replicating machine that is embedded in a two-dimensional asynchronous cellular automaton with von Neumann neighborhood. The machine dynamically encodes its shape into description signals, and despite the randomness of cell updating, it is able to successfully construct copies of itself according to the description signals. Self-replication on asynchronously updated cellular automata may find application in nanocomputers, where reconfigurability is an essential property, since it allows avoidance of defective parts and simplifies programming of such computers.

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Alhazbi, Saleh, and Mahmood A. Hasan. "The Role of Self-Regulation in Remote Emergency Learning: Comparing Synchronous and Asynchronous Online Learning." Sustainability 13, no. 19 (October 7, 2021): 11070. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su131911070.

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Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, schools and universities across the world have had to switch to online learning, which is offered either synchronously or asynchronously. This study examined the role of self-regulation on students’ performance in each of these modes by comparing the use of self-regulation skills between high and low achievers in each mode and assessing the relationships of using these skills with students’ performance. The data were collected from students who enrolled in a data structures course in fall 2020 in either synchronous or asynchronous mode. The results show that self-regulation is an essential factor for learners’ success in both modes of online learning. However, there was a variance of using self-regulating learning strategies between students in synchronous and asynchronous modes.

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Gao, Peichang, and Peihong Yang. "Research on Speed Control of Three-Phase Alternating Current Asynchronous Motor Based on Back Propagation Neural Network Tuning Proportion Integration Differentiation Control." Journal of Nanoelectronics and Optoelectronics 17, no. 6 (June 1, 2022): 958–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jno.2022.3270.

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In order to optimize the speed control effect of three-phase AC asynchronous motor, the speed control method of three-phase AC asynchronous motor based on BP neural network tuning PID control is studied. The mathematical model of the three-phase AC asynchronous motor is constructed. After the three-phase AC asynchronous motor is transformed into a computer analytical calculation mode in the mathematical model mode, the current operating speed of the three-phase AC asynchronous motor is measured by the speed tracking measurement method of the three-phase AC asynchronous motor. The speed control method of three-phase AC asynchronous motor based on BP neural network tuning PID control is adopted to realize the speed control of three-phase AC asynchronous motor. The experimental results show that the proposed method can accurately measure the current running speed of three-phase AC asynchronous motor and complete the speed regulation of three-phase AC asynchronous motor within 15 s. It has significant application value in similar methods.

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Harada, Tomohiro, and Keiki Takadama. "Analysis of semi-asynchronous multi-objective evolutionary algorithm with different asynchronies." Soft Computing 24, no. 4 (May 20, 2019): 2917–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00500-019-04071-7.

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Gershman, A., A. Meisels, and R. Zivan. "Asynchronous Forward Bounding for Distributed COPs." Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research 34 (February 10, 2009): 61–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1613/jair.2591.

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A new search algorithm for solving distributed constraint optimization problems (DisCOPs) is presented. Agents assign variables sequentially and compute bounds on partial assignments asynchronously. The asynchronous bounds computation is based on the propagation of partial assignments. The asynchronous forward-bounding algorithm (AFB) is a distributed optimization search algorithm that keeps one consistent partial assignment at all times. The algorithm is described in detail and its correctness proven. Experimental evaluation shows that AFB outperforms synchronous branch and bound by many orders of magnitude, and produces a phase transition as the tightness of the problem increases. This is an analogous effect to the phase transition that has been observed when local consistency maintenance is applied to MaxCSPs. The AFB algorithm is further enhanced by the addition of a backjumping mechanism, resulting in the AFB-BJ algorithm. Distributed backjumping is based on accumulated information on bounds of all values and on processing concurrently a queue of candidate goals for the next move back. The AFB-BJ algorithm is compared experimentally to other DisCOP algorithms (ADOPT, DPOP, OptAPO) and is shown to be a very efficient algorithm for DisCOPs.

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Kudryashova, E. S., and A. A. Khusainov. "Generalized Asynchronous Systems." Modeling and Analysis of Information Systems 19, no. 4 (February 28, 2015): 78–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.18255/1818-1015-2012-4-78-86.

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The paper consider a mathematical model of a concurrent system, the special case of which is an asynchronous system. Distributed asynchronous automata are introduced here. It is proved that Petri nets and transition systems with independence can be considered as distributed asynchronous automata. Time distributed asynchronous automata are defined in a standard way by correspondence which relates events with time intervals. It is proved that the time distributed asynchronous automata generalize time Petri nets and asynchronous systems.

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Wu, Wei Hua, Jing Jiang, Xun Feng, and Chong Yang Liu. "Tracking a Maneuvering Target in Clutter by Asynchronous and Heterogeneous Sensors on Single Airborne Platform." Applied Mechanics and Materials 701-702 (December 2014): 154–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.701-702.154.

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A new algorithm is proposed for tracking a maneuvering target in clutter using heterogeneous sensors, such as active and passive sensors, which are carried on single moving airborne platform and report their observations asynchronously. The algorithm combining interacting multiple model (IMM) with probabilistic data association filter (PDAF) is sequentially implemented to cope with asynchronous reports. In addition, in order to close to practice, the algorithm is based on Earth-centered Earth-fixed (ECEF) coordinate system while it considers the effect of the platform’s attitude. So the algorithm extends previous algorithms from synchronous case to asynchronous case, from fixed station to moving airborne platform, and from local Cartesian coordinates to general ECEF coordinates. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm has a broader and more practical scope while being slightly worse than existing algorithm which only be applied under synchronous case.

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Villatoro, Tatiana, Katherine Lackritz, and Joanna S. Y. Chan. "Case-Based Asynchronous Interactive Modules in Undergraduate Medical Education." Academic Pathology 6 (January 1, 2019): 237428951988471. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2374289519884715.

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Undergraduate medical education traditionally consists of 2 years of lecture-based courses followed by 2 years of clinical clerkships. However, over the past couple decades, undergraduate medical education has been evolving toward non-lecture-based integrated curriculums, requiring a collaborative curriculum. Additionally, e-learning platforms have become efficacious and essential to delivering education asynchronously to students. At Thomas Jefferson University, the Pathology and Obstetrics and Gynecology departments collaborated to create a pilot series of case-based asynchronous interactive modules to teach gynecologic pathology in a clinical context, while interweaving other educational components, such as evidence-based medicine, clinical skills, and basic sciences. The case-based asynchronous interactive modules were given to third-year medical students during their obstetrics and gynecology clerkship. Students interpreted histologic and clinical images while being evaluated on clinical management skills, gynecologic diagnoses, general principles of population health and pathology. Sixty-eight students from 3 blocks completed a pre and posttest. All participants showed improvement in interpreting gynecologic pathology in routine clinical scenarios as well as improved case-based decision-making, with an average score increase by 5.7%. Learner feedback was positive, with suggestions to apply this method to other medical specialties, particularly radiology. Asynchronous interactive modules are an efficacious and popular method of pathology education.

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Zuhriyah, Mukminatus, and Elisa Nurul Laili. "Blended Synchronous and Asynchronous Learning: Its Effectiveness for Teaching Grammar." Lingua Didaktika: Jurnal Bahasa dan Pembelajaran Bahasa 16, no. 2 (September 6, 2022): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/ld.v16i2.116942.

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The online EFL teaching and learning in this COVID-19 pandemic era has been conducted synchronously and asynchronously. However, the implementation of blended synchronous and asynchronous learning in the online grammar class was still scarce. Therefore, this study was conducted with the purpose of knowing whether or not the use of blended synchronous and asynchronous learning was effective for teaching grammar. This study was a pre-experimental research using one-group pretest-posttest design. The population of this study was the students of the second semester in the English department of a private university located in East Java. Because there was only one class in this second semester so that the sample was the same as this population. There were fifteen students in this sample. In collecting the data, the researchers used the pretest and posttest of grammar. After the data of pretest and posttest were in the normal distribution, the testing of hyphothesis using t-test especially paired samples test was conducted. The result of this t-test showed that the Sig. (2-tailed) 0.000 was lower than 0.05. It revealed that the difference of the mean scores of pretest and posttest was significant. Thus, the use of blended synchronous and asynchronous learning was effective for teaching grammar.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Asynchronous'

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