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Academic literature on the topic 'Asymptomatic infection'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Asymptomatic infection"

&NA;. "Asymptomatic Giardia Infection." Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal 11, no. 3 (March 1992): 248. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006454-199203000-00022.

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Jewell, Mary E., and Donna E. Sweet. "Asymptomatic HIV infection." Postgraduate Medicine 92, no. 5 (October 1992): 155–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00325481.1992.11701490.

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Wormser, G. P., R. B. Nadelman, J. Nowakowski, and I. Schwartz. "Asymptomatic Borrelia burgdorferi infection." Medical Hypotheses 57, no. 4 (October 2001): 435–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1054/mehy.2001.1338.

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Williamson, W. Daniel. "Asymptomatic Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection." American Journal of Diseases of Children 144, no. 12 (December 1, 1990): 1365. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archpedi.1990.02150360091031.

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Millichap, J. Gordon. "Asymptomatic Aneurysms and HIV Infection." Pediatric Neurology Briefs 7, no. 2 (February 1, 1993): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.15844/pedneurbriefs-7-2-10.

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Simberkoff, Michael S. "Management of Asymptomatic HIV Infection." Disease Management & Health Outcomes 1, no. 2 (February 1997): 105–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00115677-199701020-00005.

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Ooi, Eng Eong, and Jenny G. Low. "Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection." Lancet Infectious Diseases 20, no. 9 (September 2020): 996–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1473-3099(20)30460-6.

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Sulis, Efisio, Paolo Lusso, and Licinio Contu. "Prolonged Asymptomatic HIV-1 Infection." New England Journal of Medicine 342, no. 16 (April 20, 2000): 1221–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/nejm200004203421617.

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Brito, M. J., J. M. Garrote, M. C. machado, M. H. Carreiro, M. C. Machado, S. Lopo, P. Palminha, et al. "168 Asymptomatic Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection." Pediatric Research 56, no. 3 (September 2004): 492. http://dx.doi.org/10.1203/00006450-200409000-00191.

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Steere, Allen C., Vijay K. Sikand, Robert T. Schoen, and John Nowakowski. "Asymptomatic Infection with Borrelia burgdorferi." Clinical Infectious Diseases 37, no. 4 (August 2003): 528–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/376914.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Asymptomatic infection"

Ibáñez, Lladó Laura. "Human Immunodeficiency Virus infection, asymptomatic atherosclerosis, and inflammation: A candidate gene study." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/292490.

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Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) was identified more than 30 years ago. The challenges for the clinicians and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-infected individuals have changed over the years. Nowadays, viral replication is suppressed with Antiretroviral Therapy (ART). ART prevents AIDS related complications and decreases morbidity and mortality in HIV-infected subjects. However, mortality rates among HIV-infected individuals remain 3-15 times higher than those observed in the general population. The excess of mortality observed among HIV-infected subjects can be partly attributed to HIV-related illnesses. However, more than half of the deaths observed among HIV-infected patients treated with ART are due to co-morbid disorders related to aging. It is nowadays considered that HIV-infected patients are aging prematurely. Multiple hypotheses have been made to explain this premature aging. Chronic systemic inflammation, reduced vascular endothelial reactivity, increased endovascular hypercoagulability and immune activation have been suggested as possible mechanisms. These processes are more prevalent in HIV-infected patients (treated and non-treated) than in the general population. Therefore, HIV-infected patients are prone to develop age-related diseases or co-morbidities. Among these co-morbidities, HIV-infected patients present increased cardiovascular risk, more prevalence of traditional cardiovascular risk factors and early onset of the atherosclerotic disease. However, the underlying mechanisms are not known yet. HIV-infection has been suggested as a potential contributor to atherosclerosis. Given the unique effects of HIV on the immune system, it is plausible to consider that HIV infection itself could be involved in atherosclerosis. The link between both may be the result of a generalized increase in the activity of the inflammatory pathways, especially the cytokine network. It is possible that these alterations in the inflammatory system may modulate the risk of atherosclerosis in HIV-infected individuals. These alterations may be caused by DNA sequence variants and/or by changes in the expression patterns of inflammatory pathway genes induced by the HIV-infection or by ART. The purpose of this study was to investigate the possible association between genetic variants and gene expression of genes involved in inflammation and cardiovascular risk measures in a cohort of HIV-infected subjects. The associations identified between genetic variants in the studied genes and CVR measures were modest. This suggests that SNPs may play a minor role and not be the underlying cause of the increased CVR observed in HIV-infected individuals. HIV-related CVD is probably influenced by non-genetic factors such as traditional CVR factors, the HIV-virus itself and by ART. The gene expression of the investigated genes is altered in HIV-related atherosclerotic disease. The findings regarding 5-LO pathway are the most relevant of this study. This part of the inflammatory pathway is important in the metabolism of lipids, which is closely related to atherosclerosis. To our knowledge this is the first study describing the implication of the 5-LO pathway in HIV-related atherosclerosis. Genetic variants in two key genes of this pathway (ALOX5 and ALOX5AP) were associated with HIV-related atherosclerosis. Although no differences were found in their gene expression, ART introduction reduced ALOX5AP gene expression levels, but not to the levels observed in uninfected controls justifying the importance of early ART initiation. Importantly, the 5-LO pathway interlinks lipid metabolism and inflammation and it is altered in HIV-infection. Thus, 5-LO pathway dysfunction may be critical in HIV-related atherosclerosis development. In summary, the findings reported in this thesis show that there is an intricate relationship among HIV-infection, antiretroviral treatment, atherosclerotic disease and the inflammatory pathway.

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Ng, Kwok-wai Roger. "Predictors of outcome of asymptomatic urinary tract infection in Hong Kong Chinese elderly persons /." View the Table of Contents & Abstract, 2007. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B38480475.

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Ng, Kwok-wai Roger, and 吳國偉. "Predictors of outcome of asymptomatic urinary tract infection in Hong Kong Chinese elderly persons." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2007. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45011436.

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Weilg, Claudia, Lucinda Troyes, Zoila Villegas, Wilmer Silva-Caso, Fernando Mazulis, Ammy Febres, Mario Troyes, Miguel Angel Aguilar-Luis, and Valle-Mendoza Juana del. "Detection of Zika virus infection among asymptomatic pregnant women in the North of Peru." BioMed Central Ltd, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/624624.

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Objective: To report an outbreak of ZIKV infection among asymptomatic pregnant women during 2016 in the city of Jaen, Cajamarca. Results: Zika virus RNA was detected in 3.2% (n = 36) of cases by RT-PCR. The mean age of patients positive for ZIKV infection was 29.6 years. 7 patients (19.4%) infected with ZIKV were in their first-trimester of gestation, 13 (36.1%) were in their second-trimester, and 16 (44%) were in their third-trimester. All of the infected pregnant women were asymptomatic. ZIKV infection remains a major public health issue that calls for constant epidemiological surveillance. It can cause the congenital Zika virus syndrome in the newborns of infected mothers. The lack of molecular diagnostic methods in isolated localities and the similarity of symptoms to other arboviral infections, lead to an under-diagnosis of this disease in endemic areas.
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Sifft, Kevin Christian [Verfasser]. "Asymptomatic only at first sight: malaria infection among schoolchildren in highland Rwanda / Kevin Christian Sifft." Berlin : Medizinische Fakultät Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1170876293/34.

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del, Valle-Mendoza Juana, Lorena Becerra-Goicochea, Miguel Angel Aguilar-Luis, Luis Pinillos-Vilca, Hugo Carrillo-Ng, Wilmer Silva-Caso, Carlos Palomares-Reyes, et al. "Genotype-specific prevalence of human papillomavirus infection in asymptomatic Peruvian women: a community-based study." BioMed Central Ltd, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/657339.

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Objective: To determine the general and genotype-specific prevalence of HPV and to identify potential risk factors for the infection in a population-based screening of Peruvian women. Results: A total of 524 samples were analyzed by PCR and a total of 100 HPV positive samples were found, of which 89 were high-risk, 19 were probably oncogenic, 9 were low-risk and 27 other HPV types. The 26–35 and 36–45 age groups showed the highest proportion of HPV positive samples with a total of 37% (37/100) and 30% (30/100), respectively. Moreover, high-risk HPV was found in 33.7% of both groups and probably oncogenic HPV in 52.6% and 31.6%, respectively. High-risk HPV were the most frequent types identified in the population studied, being HPV-52, HPV-31 and HPV-16 the most commonly detected with 17.6%, 15.7% y 12.9%, respectively. Demographic characteristics and habits were assessed in the studied population. A total of 62% high-risk HPV were detected in married/cohabiting women. Women with two children showed the highest proportion (33.8%) of high-risk HPV, followed by women with only one child (26.9%). Those women without history of abortion had a higher frequency of high-risk HPV (71.9%), followed by those with one abortion (25.8%).
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Aryee, Paul Armah. "Interaction between anaemia and human immuno-deficiency virus infection in an asymptomatic population in South Africa." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2009. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/188157/.

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Anaemia is common and frequent in HIV infection and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). This study was aimed at exploring the interactions between the effects of HIV infection and other related anaemia-causing effects (reductive adaptation, reduced energy/nutrient intake and inflammatory and/or metabolic alterations), which may be responsible for most anaemia in this population. It is postulated that these interactions can heighten the risk levels for anaemia even in an asymptomatic HIV-infected population. The study is based on a secondary analysis of data from the Transition and Health during Urbanisation of South Africans (THUSA) survey, a population-based, cross-sectional study carried out in the North West Province of South Africa. Out of a sample population of 1854 ‘apparently healthy’ adults, aged ≥15 years, 216 (11.8%) were HIV sero-positive. A validated quantitative food frequency questionnaire was used to assess dietary intake and standard conditions and protocols used for anthropometric and biochemical measurements. Anaemia was defined using WHO haemoglobin (Hb) and haematocrit (Hct) definitions. Univariate ANOVA statistics showed that HIV-sero-positive subjects had lower Hb, Hct, serum iron, ferritin, total iron binding capacity (TIBC) but higher % saturation compared to their sero-negative peers. However, only the differences in Hct were significant (p<0.001). Anaemia prevalence was generally high but was higher though not statistically significant in sero-positives than sero-negatives (51.4% cf. 45.8%,p=0.123). Anaemia in the study population was mostly mild (about 65%), with a higher proportion of anaemia of chronic inflammation than iron deficiency anaemia. Vitamin a deficiency was significantly associated with anaemia (p=0.022). High serum total proteins, alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST) and low albumin were significantly associated with HIV sero-positivity. Predictors of anaemia in the study population by logistic regression modelling were settlement type (aOR,1.7;CI,1.2-2.5;p=0.004), serum albumin (0.6;0.4-0.9;p=0.016), TIBC (1.5;1.0-2.2;p=0.008), vitamin E (0.6;0.4-0.9;p=0.006), serum gamma-glutamyl transferase (0.6;0.4-0.9;p=0.007), Direct bilirubin (0.5;0.5-1.0;p=0.0446), and abdominal skinfold (1.8;1.2-2.5;p=0.004). HIV infection was not a significant predictor of anaemia in this asymptomatic population, but the virus and related inflammatory conditions may play a crucial role in the development of anaemia. Where HIV and other inflammatory stressors are prevalent, the overall burden of anaemia could also be increased

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Espino, Carlos. "Active Surveillance and Incidence Rate of Dengue Infection in a Cohort of High Risk Population in Maracay, Venezuela." Scholar Commons, 2009. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/1626.

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In the absence of an effective vaccine, vector control and surveillance of dengue fever (DF) and dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) are the most important strategies currently used to reduce the impact of these diseases in affected population. The objectives of this study were to estimate the incidence of symptomatic and asymptomatic dengue cases, the prevalence of antidengue antibodies, and to evaluate the laboratory and clinical aspects related to an active surveillance of dengue cases. In this study, active surveillance was incorporated as a part of the study design. At total of 3,255 people from four high risk neighborhoods were followed in a two years prospective study whereby the participants' houses were visited three times a week. During these visits, dengue cases were characterized by identifying patients with fever as well as other symptoms that were compatible with dengue disease. In addition, a biannual blood sample was taken for each study participants, to establish the prevalence and six month incidence of dengue infection. We found a crude incidence density (ID) of 3.24 by 100,000 person/days (p/d) which changed from 5.69 by 100,000 p/d for the first year of the study to 1.45 by 100.000 p/d in the second year. In both years, the months from July through September had the highest ID of 8.81 by 100,000 p/d. Children displayed higher ID when compared to adults, RR: 3.92 (2.38 - 6.48). The Plaque Reduction Neutralization Test was used to assay for the presence of antidengue antibody in 2,125 study participants (65.3% of total). The prevalence of anti dengue antibodies was found to be 86.6% (1,840 positives). The prevalence of anti DENV-1 was 74%, while 65.2 % of the participants had anti- DENV-1 and anti- DENV-2 simultaneously. The cumulative incidence of anti IgG dengue antibody in the negative participants (283 at the start of the study) was 30% in the first 6 months period, 29.6% in the second 6 months, and 23.8 in the third one. The difference between the numbers of participants detected in the active surveillance, (270 confirmed and non confirmed dengue cases) with the numbers of people who showed sero-conversion to anti-IgG dengue antibody within a relatively short period of time suggested that there was a high number of asymptomatic dengue infections present in the population. Transmissibility of the virus, the surveillance of dengue, and vaccine implementation in the near future would all be affected by the large number of asymptomatic people in hyperendemic countries.

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Van, Graan Averalda Eldorine. "What is the optimum diet for asymptomatic HIV-infected people (AHIV)? : a public health approach / Averalda Eldorine van Graan." Thesis, North-West University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/1484.

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Chijioke-Nwauche, I. N. "Use of artemether-lumefantrine in the treatment of asymptomatic-malaria infection in HIV-positive and HIV-negative Nigerian adults." Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 2014. http://researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk/1856059/.

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Malaria /HIV co-infection is a major challenge to public health in developing countries and yet potential drug-drug interactions between antimalarial and antiviral regimens have not been adequately investigated in people with both HIV and Plasmodium falciparum infections. Earlier studies on the use of artemether-lumefantrine (AL) in Nigeria have neither addressed its use in HIV-positive subjects nor in asymptomatic-malaria infection. The present study investigated associations between drug resistant P. falciparum and the use of medication for HIV management, drug-drug interactions between artemether-lumefantrine and antiretroviral drugs (ARV) and the molecular markers of artemether-lumefantrine and other antimalarial drugs. Results of the study revealed an elevated day 7 lumefantrine concentrations in HIV subjects on nevirapine treatment compared to their HIV-negative counterparts. Associations between elevated day 7 levels of lumefantrine and the persistent parasitaemia could not be evaluated due to inadequate power. Genetic analysis by DNA sequence of P. falciparum isolates revealed strong selection for the pfmdr1codon86N allele among all treated individuals. This polymorphism is a strong indicator of AL treatment failure or slow clearance in vivo. There was a 72.6% prevalence of the pfcrt76T mutations in the population and this was observed to be higher in the HIV-positive subjects. Three new mutations F73S, S97L and G165R were detected on the pfmdr1 gene and the first case S436F mutation on the pfdhps gene to be reported in Nigeria. The dhpsK540E and dhfrI164L mutations, associated with high-level resistance to sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) were not observed in our small sample size. The study also revealed that HIV-positive subjects were more likely to harbour parasites, at a higher density, before and after treatment. Improvement of the immune status of HIV-infected patients was suggested by the increase of CD4 cell count level in about 68% of the HIV-positive patients. This is a preliminary study and first of its kind to investigate drug-drug interactions between ARVs and the antimalarial drug AL in HIV-positive patients co-infected with P. falciparum in relation to parasite clearance. The findings of the study are very important but more work is urgently needed with a larger sample size to confirm these findings.

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Books on the topic "Asymptomatic infection"

Wootten, Andrea Elizabeth. Evaluation of immune activation in hospitalised elderly patients with asymptomatic and symptomatic infection using urinary neopterin measurements. [Guildford]: University of Surrey, 1996.

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Holland, Paul V. The Human immunodeficiency virus and the spectrum of its infection: From asymptomatic antibody positive state toAcquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). Saluggia (Vercelli): Sorin Biomedica, 1986.

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Bowker, Lesley K., James D. Price, Ku Shah, and Sarah C. Smith. Infection and immunity. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198738381.003.0024.

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This chapter provides information on the ageing immune system, an overview of infection in older people, antibiotic use in older patients, meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), disease caused by MRSA, Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhoea, near-patient urine tests, asymptomatic bacteriuria, urinary tract infection, treatment of urinary tract infection, recurrent urinary tract infection, and varicella-zoster infection.

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Temesgen, Zelalem, and Mary J. Kasten. HIV Infection. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199755691.003.0357.

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Testing for HIV became available in the United States in 1985. Amazing gains in the understanding and treatment of HIV have been made during the past 25 years. HIV and other retroviruses cause a frequently symptomatic primary infection followed by a relatively asymptomatic period lasting months to years and a final stage of overt disease in most people. There are 2 types of HIV: HIV-1 and HIV-2. Most reported cases of HIV disease around the world are caused by HIV-1. HIV-2 is found predominantly in western Africa. Although HIV-1 and HIV-2 are clinically indistinguishable and have identical modes of transmission, HIV-2 appears to be less easily transmitted than HIV-1 and slower to progress to AIDS. Epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of HIV are also reviewed.

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Natarajan, Pavithra, and Nick Beeching. Protozoal infection: Gut organisms. Edited by Patrick Davey and David Sprigings. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199568741.003.0316.

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Protozoa are single-celled (unicellular) eukaryotic organisms. There are many protozoa causing parasitic infection in humans. This chapter will concentrate on the three that most commonly causes gastrointestinal disease worldwide and have the biggest impact in the UK: Giardia lamblia, Cryptosporidium spp., and Entamoeba histolytica. These three infections are of great significance worldwide, but are less common in Western settings. In the UK, they tend to be seen in more commonly in travellers returning from endemic countries, migrant populations, men who have sex with men, and the immunocompromised. The clinical features of all three infections vary from asymptomatic small- or large-bowel carriage with passage of cysts to infect others, to more serious manifestations.

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Sheerin, Neil. Urinary tract infection in the adult. Edited by Neil Sheerin. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0175.

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Infection of the urinary tract is one of the commonest human infections. It can vary in severity from asymptomatic colonization, through self-limiting but distressing lower tract infection, to life-threatening sepsis. Any site in the urinary tract can be affected. The site of infection determines the pattern of symptoms, but this is also influenced by the age at presentation. The age at presentation and the nature of symptoms will not only suggest a clinical diagnosis, but also guide investigation and treatment. This chapter acts as an introduction to others in this section which address the different presentations of infections of the lower and upper urinary tracts in adults.

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Thomas, David F. M. Urinary tract infection in children. Edited by David F. M. Thomas. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199659579.003.0114.

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Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the commonest conditions of childhood, affecting an estimated 10% of girls and 3% of boys in the first 16 years of life. Whereas asymptomatic bacteriuria and low-grade lower tract infection pose little or no risk of renal damage, pyelonephritis can cause severe systemic illness and poses a significant threat of long-term renal morbidity. The principal aim of investigation is to identify underlying abnormalities of the urinary tract, notably vesicoureteric reflux. Guidelines on investigation and management published by the National Institute of Clinical Excellence will be reviewed in this chapter. Treatment of dysfunctional voiding and other features of ‘elimination syndrome’ plays an important role in the prevention of urinary tract infection in this age group.

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Ali, Ased. Pathogenesis of urinary tract infection. Edited by Rob Pickard. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199659579.003.0001.

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The realization of the harms resulting from indiscriminate use of antibiotics for minor infection has added impetus to the need to understand better the interaction between urogenital tract epithelium and invading bacteria during the initial stages of urinary tract infection (UTI). It is thought that uropathogenic Escherichia coli clones develop in the gut and migrate across the perineum to the urethra and up into the bladder. The response of the epithelium to bacterial adherence and the evolution of the invading bacteria will then govern the clinical consequences. These can vary between rapid invasion and further migration to produce systemic sepsis to tolerance of the bacteria in a planktonic state in asymptomatic bacteriuria. The key to these differences is the activation of epithelial pathogen-associated molecular pattern receptors by expressed proteins on the bacterial cell wall. Increased understanding of these interactions will lead to non-antibiotic-based strategies for clinical management of urinary infection.

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Bayston, Roger. Hospital-acquired urinary tract infection. Edited by Rob Pickard. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199659579.003.0003.

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Urinary tract infections (UTIs) account for the majority of hospital-acquired infections (HAI), and most of these occur in catheterized patients. However, for most the presence of bacteria in the urine (bacteriuria) is asymptomatic, yet in many institutional and national surveillance studies it is still attributed as ‘infection’. Although guidance is that only symptomatic UTI should be treated, except in pregnancy, bacteriuria in catheterized patients is frequently overinvestigated and antibiotics overused. Most infections are caused by enteric bacteria such as Escherichia coli, but other bacteria such as Proteus mirabilis and staphylococci are more prominent in HAI. Aseptic technique for catheter insertion and during subsequent catheter care together with minimizing catheter duration are very important to prevent catheter-associated UTI (CAUTI). Prophylactic antibiotics should be avoided. National and international action to adopt evidence-based consensus protocols for management of catheterized patients and judicial use of antimicrobial chemotherapy promise to be of greatest benefit.

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Macintyre, Richard Charles. SEX, DRUGS AND T-CELLS: SYMBOLIC MEANINGS AMONG GAY MEN WITH ASYMPTOMATIC HIV INFECTION (IMMUNE DEFICIENCY). 1993.

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Book chapters on the topic "Asymptomatic infection"

Lowe, Gordon D. O. "Asymptomatic infection with human immunodeficiency virus." In Blood, Blood Products — and AIDS —, 183–200. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-3394-2_10.

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Panero, José Luis Calleja, Juan de la Revilla Negro, and Fernando Pons Renedo. "Should HCV-Positive Asymptomatic Patients with Mixed Cryoglobulinemia Be Treated with Combined Antiviral Therapy?" In HCV Infection and Cryoglobulinemia, 287–95. Milano: Springer Milan, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-1705-4_37.

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Jamrozik, Euzebiusz, and Michael J. Selgelid. "Surveillance and Control of Asymptomatic Carriers of Drug-Resistant Bacteria." In Ethics and Drug Resistance: Collective Responsibility for Global Public Health, 183–201. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-27874-8_12.

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Abstract Drug-resistant bacterial infections constitute a major threat to global public health. Several key bacteria that are becoming increasingly resistant are among those that are ubiquitously carried by human beings and usually cause no symptoms (i.e. individuals are asymptomatic carriers) until a precipitating event leads to symptomatic infection (and thus disease). Carriers of drug-resistant bacteria can also transmit resistant pathogens to others, thus putting the latter at risk of infections that may be difficult or impossible to treat with currently available antibiotics. Accumulating evidence suggests that such transmission occurs not only in hospital settings but also in the general community, although much more data are needed to assess the extent of this problem. Asymptomatic carriage of drug-resistant bacteria raises important ethical questions regarding the appropriate public health response, including the degree to which it would be justified to impose burdens and costs on asymptomatic carriers (and others) in order to prevent transmission. In this paper, we (i) summarize current evidence regarding the carriage of key drug-resistant bacteria, noting important knowledge gaps and (ii) explore the implications of existing public health ethics frameworks for decision- and policy-making regarding asymptomatic carriers. Inter alia, we argue that the relative burdens imposed by public health measures on healthy carriers (as opposed to sick individuals) warrant careful consideration and should be proportionate to the expected public health benefits in terms of risks averted. We conclude that more surveillance and research regarding community transmission (and the effectiveness of available interventions) will be needed in order to clarify relevant risks and design proportionate policies, although extensive community surveillance itself would also require careful ethical consideration.

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Kullar, Ravina, and Ellie J. C. Goldstein. "Role of Asymptomatic Carriers in Long-Term Care Facility Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile Transmission." In Clostridium Difficile Infection in Long-Term Care Facilities, 25–36. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-29772-5_3.

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Dahlberg, B. "Asymptomatic bacteriospermia." In Common Infections, 297–311. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4878-5_20.

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Cheadle, W. G., M. J. Hershman, S. R. Wellhausen, and H. C. Polk. "Monocyte HLA-DR Antigen Expression: Its Reproducibility in Asymptomatic Volunteers and Correlation with Clinical Infection." In Host Defense Dysfunction in Trauma, Shock and Sepsis, 349–54. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-77405-8_37.

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Gronthoud, Firza Alexander. "Asymptomatic Bacteriuria." In Practical Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 134–36. First edition. | Boca Raton : CRC Press, 2020.: CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315194080-4-3.

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Nicolle, Lindsay E. "Asymptomatic Bacteriuria and Bacterial Interference." In Urinary Tract Infections, 87–120. Washington, DC, USA: ASM Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/9781555817404.ch6.

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Lajiness, Michelle J., and Laura J. Hintz. "Diagnosis and Management of Urinary Tract Infections, Asymptomatic Bacteriuria and Pyelonephritis." In The Nurse Practitioner in Urology, 201–20. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45267-4_11.

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Hellinger, Walter C. "Urinary Tract Infections." In Mayo Clinic Infectious Diseases Board Review, 267–73. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199827626.003.0026.

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There are several terms important to a discussion of urinary tract infection (UTI). Bacteriuria is bacteria in the urine. Significant bacteriuria is at least 10⁵ bacteria/mL of voided urine. Asymptomatic bacteriuria is bacteria in the urine without symptoms associated with urinary tract infection. Urinary tract infection is bacteriuria (or funguria) and symptoms associated with upper UTI or lower UTI (or both). UTI s are sometimes characterized as asymptomatic or symptomatic, in which case asymptomatic UTI is synonymous with asymptomatic significant bacteriuria. Uncomplicated UTI is infection of a physiologically and anatomically normal urinary tract. Complicated UTI is infection of a physiologically or anatomically abnormal urinary tract. Cystitis is lower UTI typically associated with urinary frequency, dysuria, or urgency. Acute pyelonephritis is upper UTI of recent onset with renal involvement, often associated with fever, chills, flank pain, or nausea. Diagnosis and treatment of specific infections are also reviewed.

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Conference papers on the topic "Asymptomatic infection"

Zhai, Yiming, Yifan Liu, Ning Ding, Zhenyu Fan, and Guosheng Fang. "Improved SEIR model based on asymptomatic infection of COVID-19." In 2021 4th International Conference on Advanced Electronic Materials, Computers and Software Engineering (AEMCSE). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aemcse51986.2021.00135.

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Sharma, Vineeta, Pallavi Singhal, Anoop Kumar, V. G. Ramachandran, Shukla Das, and Mausumi Bharadwaj. "Association of TNF-α–rs 281865419 polymorphism with reproductive tract infections in Indian population." In 16th Annual International Conference RGCON. Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Private Ltd., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1685357.

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Aim: To investigate the presence of reproductive tract infections (RTIs) in symptomatic and asymptomatic women in North India and association of SNPs in TNF? gene (rs-281865419 C/T) with susceptibility to these RTIs. Methods: We collected 100 symptomatic (cases) and 100 asymptomatic women (controls) samples and screened them for RTIs. Then genotyping of TNF-? gene was performed by PCR-RFLP. Results: Among cases the frequencies of RTIs infection is higher than control. The prevalence of HPV, C. trachomatis, T. vaginalis, Bacterial vaginosis and N. gonorrhoeae are 28% and 6%; 11%, 32% respectively while in controls it was 5%, 2%, 1% and 8% and 1%. In the present study we found that the frequency of wild homozygous genotype (TT) was lower in cases 30% (6/20) as compared to controls 60% (12/20). The frequency of the heterozygous polymorphic genotype (CT) was higher in cases 65% (65/100) as compared to controls 32% (32/100). It was interesting to note that the frequency of the polymorphic homozygous genotype (CC) was higher in cases 15% (15/100) than controls 2% (2/100). While the frequency of the carrier genotype (CT + TT) was found to be more in cases 70% (70/100) than in controls 40/100 (40%). This study shows that T allele may be risk factor for reproductive tract infections as its percentage is higher in cases as compare to normal controls. Conclusion: TNF-? rs-281865419 locus may serve as an important biomarker for RTIs predisposition in Indian population though larger sample size is needed to validate the findings.

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Sharma, Vineeta, Pallavi Singhal, Anoop Kumar, V. G. Ramachandran, Shukla Das, and Mausumi Bharadwaj. "Association of TNF-α rs-281865419 polymorphism with reproductive tract infections in Indian population." In 16th Annual International Conference RGCON. Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Private Ltd., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1685270.

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Aim: To investigate the presence of reproductive tract infections (RTIs) in symptomatic and asymptomatic women in North India and association of SNPs in TNFα gene (rs-281865419 C/T) with susceptibility to these RTIs. Methods: We collected 100 symptomatic (cases) and 100 asymptomatic women (controls) samples and screened them for RTIs. Then genotyping of TNF-α gene was performed by PCR-RFLP. Results: Among cases the frequencies of RTIs infection is higher than control. The prevalence of HPV, C. trachomatis, T. vaginalis, Bacterial vaginosis and N. gonorrhoeae are 28% & 6%; 11%, 32% respectively while in controls it was 5%, 2%, 1% and 8% & 1%. In the present study we found that the frequency of wild homozygous genotype (TT) was lower in cases 30% (6/20) as compared to controls 60% (12/20). The frequency of the heterozygous polymorphic genotype (CT) was higher in cases 65% (65/100) as compared to controls 32% (32/100). It was interesting to note that the frequency of the polymorphic homozygous genotype (CC) was higher in cases 15% (15/100) than controls 2% (2/100). While the frequency of the carrier genotype (CT + TT) was found to be more in cases 70% (70/100) than in controls 40/100 (40%). This study shows that T allele may be risk factor for Reproductive tract infections as its percentage is higher in cases as compare to normal controls. Conclusion: TNF-? rs-281865419 locus may serve as an important biomarker for RTIs predisposition in Indian population though larger sample size is needed to validate the findings.

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Kumar, Neelam, Farid Bazari, Anita Rhodes, Felix Chua, and Brendan Tinwell. "Asymptomatic Granulomatous Pulmonary Nodules In Lymphoproliferative Disease: An Unusual Presentation Of Chronic Pneumocystis Jiroveci Infection." In American Thoracic Society 2011 International Conference, May 13-18, 2011 • Denver Colorado. American Thoracic Society, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2011.183.1_meetingabstracts.a5709.

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Goyal, Monika K., Stephen J. Teach, Gia Badolato, Maria Trent, and James M. Chamberlain. "Universal Screening for Sexually Transmitted Infections in Asymptomatic Teens Reveals a Low Prevalence of Infection in an Urban Pediatric Emergency Department." In Selection of Abstracts From NCE 2015. American Academy of Pediatrics, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.140.1_meetingabstract.13.

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Ajani, T., C. Elikwu, and C. Anaedobe. "P062 Asymptomatic trichomonas vaginalis infection among undergraduate students in a selected university in Ogun state, Nigeria." In Abstracts for the STI & HIV World Congress, July 14–17 2021. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-2021-sti.202.

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Amelia, Sri, Dian Dwi Wahyuni, Rina Yunita, and Tetty Aman Nasution. "The Prevalence of Asymptomatic Urinary Tract Infection and Its Relationship with Combur Strip Test Results among Pregnant Women." In International Conference of Science, Technology, Engineering, Environmental and Ramification Researches. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0010075104810485.

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Wulandari, Putri, and Rina Yunita. "The Proportion of Asymptomatic Bacteriuria among Pregnant Women in a Primary Health Centre Medan, Indonesia." In The 2nd International Conference on Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0009864102470252.

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Mudau, Maanda, Andrew Medina-Marino, Lindsey De Vos, Dawie Olivier, Dvora Joseph Davey, Remco P. Peters, James A. Mcintyre, Xiaoyan Wang, and Jeffrey D. Klausner. "P3.140 High prevalence of asymptomatic sexually transmitted infections among hiv-infected pregnant women in south africa." In STI and HIV World Congress Abstracts, July 9–12 2017, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-2017-053264.375.

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Quilter, Laura, Eve Obondi, Colin Kunzweiler, Duncan Okall, Robert Bailey, Fredrick Otieno, and Susan Graham. "P3.131 An empiric risk score to guide presumptive treatment of asymptomatic anorectal infections in men who have sex with men in kisumu, kenya." In STI and HIV World Congress Abstracts, July 9–12 2017, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-2017-053264.366.

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Reports on the topic "Asymptomatic infection"

Kain, Dylan, Nathan M. Stall, Vanessa Allen, Gerald A. Evans, Jessica Hopkins, Fiona G. Kouyoumdjian, Allison McGeer, et al. Routine Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Screen Testing of Ontario Long-Term Care Staff After COVID-19 Vaccination. Ontario COVID-19 Science Advisory Table, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47326/ocsat.2021.02.15.1.0.

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SARS-CoV-2 screen testing is routine serial testing of asymptomatic individuals outside of outbreak or known exposure settings to identify staff infectious with SARS-CoV-2 and exclude them from work. Routine asymptomatic screen testing of staff has been proposed as a potential mitigating strategy to reduce SARS-CoV-2 introduction and transmission in long-term care (LTC) homes. A rapid review of the literature found no real-world evidence to either support or refute screen testing in preventing LTC home COVID-19 outbreaks. There are several direct harms associated with screen testing, as well as opportunity costs, including exacerbating LTC staffing shortages. On the basis of the evidence reviewed, and given the high rates of protection of COVID-19 vaccines against symptomatic and asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection, the potential harms and costs of screen testing among vaccinated LTC home staff likely outweigh the benefits.

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Ragab, Mostafa, Erfan Masiha, and Melissa Davies. Asymptomatic bacteriuria and urinary tract infections in pregnancy. BJUI Knowledge, April 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18591/bjuik.0729.

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Treating asymptomatic MRSA on discharge from hospital reduces risk of later infection. National Institute for Health Research, April 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3310/signal-000766.

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Asymptomatic bacteriuria and urinary tract infections in pregnancy. BJUI Knowledge, March 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18591/bjuik.0545.

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