Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Asylum, Right of – Europe'
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Karlén, Anna. "The right to seek asylum and the common European asylum system." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-127650.
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Hattrell, Felicity Ruth. "Redefining the Limits of Refugee Protection? -- The Securitised Asylum Policies of the 'Common European Asylum System'." Thesis, University of Canterbury. National Centre for Research on Europe, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/5311.
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This thesis employs discourse analysis to examine the human rights contradictions contained in the Common European Asylum System (CEAS). It follows the development of the CEAS since its inception in 1999. However, the principal emphasis of the thesis falls on the scope for realising a rights-based asylum regime in the post-Lisbon context.
The research takes the form of policy analysis, and is grounded in a human rights framework of inquiry. This human rights perspective is used to examine the normative and legal inconsistencies inherent to the EU’s securitised approach to asylum, and to put forward suggestions for an approach to asylum in the EU, which engenders a rights-based approach to protection. The analysis of contemporary EU asylum policy and practice demonstrates the extent to which securitisation is present in EU asylum policymaking. It shows that, until the security paradigm in this policy area is supplanted, the realisation of a rights-based asylum system in the EU will not be possible. It also addresses the further challenges to the realisation of the EU as a ‘single asylum space,’ which stem from the limitations in the current instruments of the acquis, most notably the absence of burden-sharing mechanisms to ensure that the EU’s humanitarian obligations are shared equally amongst Member States. The recent ratification of the Treaty of Lisbon holds significant potential for the development of a rights-based asylum regime in the EU. However, it remains in question whether Member States have the political will necessary to accomplish this.
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Da, Lomba Sylvia. "Law reform proposals for the protection of the right to seek refugee status in the European Community." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.340292.
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Shoemaker, Melissa K. "A house divided evolution of EU asylum policy after the Bosnian war /." Fairfax, VA : George Mason University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1920/4508.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--George Mason University, 2009.Vita: p. 279. Thesis director: Janine Wedel. Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Public Policy. Title from PDF t.p. (viewed June 10, 2009). Includes bibliographical references (p. 223-278). Also issued in print.
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Lambert, H. "The right of political asylum and the status of refugees in Belgium, Switzerland and the United Kingdom." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.304452.
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Nissander, Sam. "Pushing the Border Outwards : A Critical Discourse Analysis of the European Commission’s Securitisation of Migration and the Right to Asylum." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Teologiska institutionen, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-443545.
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This thesis scrutinises the European Commission’s discourse surrounding the externalisation of migration and asylum policies and discusses what potential implications this may have on the right to asylum. The aim of this work is to increase the understanding of how migration and security are discursively connected and identify what this discourse looks like. The study is placed in the context of a scientific debate on the Securitisation of migration and the externalisation of migration management. By means of a Critical Discourse Analysis, based on the work of Norman Fairclough, speeches and press releases produced by the European Commission are analysed. The analysis departs from the theoretical framework of the Copenhagen School of Security Studies and the concept of Securitisation, which suggests that political narratives have direct effects on policies. The theory also argues that when a phenomenon is securitised, policy measures that would otherwise not be acceptable, become legitimised in dealing with a constructed threat. The thesis presents three findings. The first main finding is that the Commission legitimises the externalisation of EU borders through a humanitarian discourse, arguing that the increased restrictions and shifting of responsibilities to third countries are necessary to protect migrants from human smugglers. Second, the current EU agenda risks limiting mobility in countries outside of the EU, thus creating large camps with substandard living conditions. And finally, from a human rights perspective, there is a great risk with the continued collective expulsions and pushbacks from EU territory, given that the mandate of Frontex is only seen to increase.
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Lai, I. Tak. "Towards the EU common migration and asylum policy : challenges or opportunities?" Thesis, University of Macau, 2010. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2555551.
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Pétin, Joanna. "La vulnérabilité en droit européen de l'asile." Thesis, Pau, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PAUU2012/document.
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Parler de vulnérabilité en droit d’asile peut, à première vue, surprendre, tant la vulnérabilité des demandeurs de protection internationale semble être inhérente à leur statut et à leur parcours d’exil. La Cour européenne des droits de l’homme dans son arrêt M.S.S. contre Belgique et Grèce a d’ailleurs reconnu la vulnérabilité de l’ensemble des membres du groupe des demandeurs de protection internationale. Mais, cette approche globalisante s’oppose à l’approche individualisée de la vulnérabilité des demandeurs de protection internationale retenue dans le régime d’asile européen commun. Or, à plusieurs égards, c’est cette dernière approche qui permet de révéler tout l’intérêt du recours à la vulnérabilité en droit. Son analyse, à travers cette étude, permet d’affirmer que celle-ci tend à identifier des particularismes, des spécificités individuelles appelant une protection spécifique. En exigeant une individualisation de la vulnérabilité par l’existence d’une faiblesse caractérisée par des besoins particuliers en termes d’accueil et de procédure, le droit de l’UE circonscrit la notion de personne vulnérable à un nombre limité de demandeurs de protection internationale. Mais plus encore, cette acception retenue révèle la fonction principale de tout recours au concept de vulnérabilité en droit : assurer une protection renforcée et adaptée. C’est en effet à travers sa fonction, ici, une prise en charge physique et procédurale adaptée des demandeurs de protection internationale vulnérables, que se révèle l’effectivité de la vulnérabilité en droit européen de l’asile. D’un point de vue juridique, tous les demandeurs de protection internationale ne sont pas tous vulnérables, seulement certains d’entre eux, à savoir ceux ayant des besoins particuliers, peuvent être effectivement qualifiés de vulnérables. Cette étude de la vulnérabilité en droit européen de l’asile permet ainsi plus largement d’appréhender et de délimiter les contours et la fonction de la vulnérabilité en droitAt first sight, talking about Vulnerability in the field of European Asylum Law could sound surprising, as the vulnerability of applicants for international protection seems to be inherent to their status and their exile course. The European Court of Human Rights in the M.S.S. versus Belgium and Greece case recognized indeed the vulnerability of the whole group of applicants for international protection. However, this globalizing approach is opposed to the individualized approach set in the instruments of the Common European Asylum System. In many ways, this last approach is the one that reveals the interest of using the concept of Vulnerability in Law. The analysis of Vulnerability, through the research conducted, allows to assert that Vulnerability aims at identifying particularities, individual specificities that require special protection. While demanding an individualization of Vulnerability through the existence of a characterized weakness entailing special needs in terms of reception and procedural guarantees, the EU Law effectively confines the notion of vulnerable person to a limited number of individuals. But, above all, it reflects the principal function of the use of Vulnerability in Law: to ensure an enhanced protection. It is indeed through its function, namely a material and procedural support adapted to the special needs of vulnerable applicants for international protection, that the effectiveness of Vulnerability is revealed in the field of the European Asylum Law. All the applicants for international protection are not per se vulnerable, just few of them are: only those who have special needs can be qualified as vulnerable. This analysis of the concept of Vulnerability in the field of European Asylum Law allows thus to comprehend and delimit its outlines and its functions in Law
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Miloradovic, Jovana. "Temporära migrationslösningar och mänskliga rättigheter : En kritisk granskning av EU:s flyktingpolitik." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Teologiska institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-395543.
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This study analyzes whether the EU's migration agreement with Turkey and negotiations on a agreement with Libya correspond with the requirements that can be imposed on the EU in regards to respect the rights of refugees. The purpose of this thesis is to provide a critical approach of EU's agreements with these two countries, from a legal and moral perspective. The study contains the central protections for refugees and asylum seekers in international law and European Union law. The moral perspective consists of an independent notion defining the respect for human dignity with regarding perceptions of Elena Namli and Seyla Benhabib. This study shows that EU's agreement with Turkey and negotiations on a agreement with Libya means displacing of EU's responsibility to ensure the protection of refugees. From the agreements it may be concluded that EU’s refugee policy prioritizes security issues over respect for human dignity.
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PENA, DIAZ FRANCISCO DE ASIS. "'LOS DERECHOS DE LOS SOLICITANTES DE ASILO LGBTI TRAS LA AGENDA EUROPEA DE MIGRACIÓN'." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/699332.
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Since its inception, International Human Rights Law has been concerned with protecting those most exposed to violence and discrimination. However, their development in the aftermath of World War II ignored LGBTI people. The acknowledgment of this group as subjects of human rights has progressed slowly but inexorably. A good example of this is the 1950 European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms. Although its provisions do not mention LGBTI people, it has eventually included them in its scope thanks to the case-law of the Court of Strasbourg. The same tendency is echoed in the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees. As a result, the refugee definition has evolved to accommodate persons who are very different in all probability from the people conceived by its drafters. Since the 1980s, LGBTI asylum-seekers have gradually acceded to refugee status. This is no small achievement. All too often, the violence suffered by these people is perpetrated while national authorities remain impassive or even participate in the oppression. Against this backdrop, many LGBTI people are forced to flee their countries of origin seeking the protection their States cannot or refuse to provide. However, the definition of refugee of the Geneva Convention fails to address issues of gender, sexual orientation, gender identity or expression and sexual characteristics, being more suitable to protect a male, European, cisgender and heterosexual refugee than an LGBTI asylum seeker. Although persecution on the grounds of sexual orientation or gender identity is now widely accepted in International Refugee Law, LGBTI asylum applications present a high degree of complexity, leading to many and varied issues affecting every element of the refugee definition. A sizeable number of these refugees flee to European States, whose societies portray themselves to the outside world as the strongest bulwarks of the LGBTI. However, European States are currently caught up in a primarily securitarian logic that sees refugees and irregular migrants as threats to their security, stability and "European way of life". As a result, regulations governing asylum status and procedures have been developing in an increasingly repressive way. The crisis of the Common European Asylum System that followed the arrival of large numbers of asylum seekers has led to a "new normal" in which the limitation of the rights of asylum seekers is not only legitimate and possible, but also desirable. In this thesis, we examine how this approach to migration affects LGBTI asylum seekers.
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Kuosmanen, Jaakko Niilo. "Right to asylum and its protection." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/6454.
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The topic of this thesis is justice and asylum. The central argument in the thesis is that citizens of all states have a moral right that entitles them to asylum in certain circumstances of deprivation. The right to asylum can be understood as a general derivative right, and it is grounded in the more fundamental entitlement to basic needs. More specifically, I argue that all persons whose basic needs are insufficiently protected in their home states have the right to asylum when they cannot be assisted with other remedial instruments by the international community within a reasonable timeframe. By using the right to asylum as a normative evaluative standard, I also argue that the existing refugee protective institutions are morally unsatisfactory, and that a 'moral refugee regime' should be established to replace the current protective institutions. Then the questions becomes, what specific form these institutions should take. In the thesis I focus primarily on one institutional proposal, 'the tradable quota scheme', and its ethical dimensions. I defend the tradable quota scheme against several lines of criticism, and suggest that the scheme constitutes a normatively viable alternative for the existing institutional framework. Finally, I examine obligations in the protection of the right to asylum in circumstances of partial compliance. I conclude that the citizens of complying states have the obligation to 'pick up the slack' and assist those bearers of the right to asylum who are unjustly denied assistance by the non-complying states.
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Rizza, Laura Santa. "Il sistema europeo comune di asilo: la protezione internazionale dello straniero in Europa." Doctoral thesis, Università di Catania, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10761/4027.
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La tesi di dottorato dal titolo il sistema europeo comune di asilo: la protezione internazionale dello straniero in Europa nasce da un progetto di ricerca avviato alla fine del 2013 e volto a individuare la portata normativa europea in materia di protezione internazionale degli stranieri alla luce delle problematiche emerse nella prassi applicativa e quindi, in parte, connesse all attuale crisi migratoria. L obiettivo iniziale era quello di cogliere le differenze in tema di tutela del diritto di asilo tra due diversi piani ordinamentali: quello internazionale e quello europeo. In questa prima fase, e segnatamente nel I capitolo, il lavoro di ricerca si è incentrato sulla ricostruzione del processo di evoluzione del concetto di asilo nel diritto internazionale.
Ne è seguita una disamina delle questioni giuridiche sottese alla costruzione del sistema europeo comune di asilo, il cui obiettivo è sancito nell art. 78 del TFUE, completato dall art. 18 della Carta dei diritti fondamentali dell Unione europea, nonché, bilanciato e arricchito dalla giurisprudenza della Corte di giustizia dell Unione europea e della Corte Edu. Pertanto, i capitoli II e III sono stati dedicati rispettivamente alla nascita e all evoluzione della normativa dell Unione europea in materia e al quadro complessivo della vigente legislazione europea sul tema.
La crisi migratoria del 2015, e il suo acuirsi negli anni successivi, hanno consigliato di orientare la tesi verso uno studio più approfondito delle ragioni di disfunzione del sistema europeo comune di asilo al fine di identificare e proporre soluzioni giuridiche nuove e potenzialmente idonee a realizzare di un diritto di asilo europeo informato a criteri più rispettosi dei diritti della persona.
A tal proposito nel IV capitolo, dedicato ai principi fondanti il sistema europeo comune di asilo, ci si è soffermati sull opportunità o meno di valorizzare la c.d. clausola di sovranità al fine di salvaguardare la tutela dei richiedenti asilo dal subire trattamenti inumani e degradanti entro la stessa Unione europea nell applicazione dei c.d. trasferimenti Dublino; tale ultima eventualità è stata foriera di quella che si potrebbe definire crisi del principio di fiducia reciproca tra gli Stati membri. In quest ottica, si sono sollevati alcuni rilievi critici al parere n. 2/2013 della Corte di giustizia sull adesione dell Unione europea alla Convenzione europea dei diritti dell uomo. In particolare si sono rilevate le idiosincrasie della Corte di giustizia rispetto alle pronunce della Corte Edu in tema di tutela equivalente dei diritti umani nell Unione europea e applicazione del c.d. sistema Dublino. Di conseguenza, si è ricostruito il quadro giurisprudenziale di riferimento con specifica attenzione alle più rilevanti e recenti pronunce della Corte di giustizia, della Corte Edu e delle giurisdizioni nazionali di Inghilterra, Germania e Italia.
Infine, nel V e ultimo capitolo sono state analizzate criticamente le più recenti proposte normative avanzate dalla Commissione europea nel 2016 finalizzate a riformare il c.d. pacchetto asilo.
Inoltre, precipua attenzione è stata riservata all Accordo UE - Turchia del 18 marzo 2016 e al c.d. approccio hotspot. Queste due azioni volute dal Consiglio europeo e dalla Commissione europea sono state analizzate quali espressioni di una nuova tendenza europea che si caratterizza per l incapacità di adottare norme giuridiche seguendo le procedure legislative previste dai Trattati istitutivi.
In conclusione, la tesi propone l individuazione di un approccio diverso e potenzialmente idoneo a migliorare la condizione di vita dei richiedenti protezione internazionale. La soluzione, in una prospettiva futura e ambiziosa, risiederebbe nel superamento della necessità del requisito della territorialità per proporre domanda di asilo e nell adozione di una normativa europea in materia d ingressi legali dei richiedenti protezione internazionale.
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Viennet, Carole. "Des droits sociaux pour l'intégration des réfugiés en Europe : les droits à la santé, au logement, à l’éducation et au travail des personnes ayant besoin d’une protection internationale, dans les Droits de l’homme et le Droit des réfugiés." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAA022/document.
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L’intégration des réfugiés requiert l’accès aux soins et au logement, la scolarisation, la formation professionnelle et l’entrée sur le marché du travail. La question est, en somme, celle de la garantie de leurs droits sociaux. Pour y répondre, cette thèse pose les jalons de la protection des droits à la santé, au logement, à l’éducation et au travail de chacune des catégories de personnes ayant besoin d’une protection internationale. Les principales normes des Droits de l’homme et du Droit des réfugiés adoptées dans le cadre des Nations unies, du Conseil de l’Europe et de l’Union européenne sont ainsi, pour la première fois sur ce sujet, confrontées, lues en combinaison et mises en perspective avec les réformes à venir. Il en ressort, en particulier, une cartographie des garanties offertes en fonction des statuts migratoires et situations personnelles, la définition des critères généraux déterminants émergés de la comparaison des systèmes, ou encore des arguments juridiques innovantsThe integration of refugees includes providing access to healthcare and housing, schooling, vocational training and entry into the labour market. In short, it is about guaranteeing their social rights. Examining these issues, this thesis paves the way for the protection of rights to health, housing, education and work of every category of person in need of international protection. The main human rights and refugee norms adopted under the respective frameworks of the United Nations, the Council of Europe and the European Union are, for the very first time in this field, challenged, read in conjunction and put in to perspective in light of forthcoming reforms. The results are, in particular, a mapping of the various guarantees available according to one’s migration status and personal circumstances, the definitions of general determinative criteria which emerge from a comparison of respective systems, as well as innovative legal arguments
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Tamulevičiūtė, Asta. "The application of human rights for EU asylum policy." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2008. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2008~D_20080616_103404-57088.
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This paper explores the application of human rights in the EU asylum policy. The prevention of terror and the strengthening of the area of Justice, Freedom and Security require tighter border controls, which consequently reflect negatively on asylum seekers and their human rights. Therefore this paper sets the aim to explore the application of human rights for EU asylum policy in respect to international obligations. There are three main objectives to be attained in the paper: to determine if the treatment of asylum seekers, Conventional Refugees and persons granted Subsidiary Protection in the EU corresponds to human rights obligations; to explore how certain rules regarding asylum are used for the purpose of migration controls; to assess the impact of such policies for the people in the need of international protection. The research has to determine the correctness of the hypothesis claiming that the application of human rights in the EU asylum policy is often oriented to migration controls rather than humanitarian obligations. The research is based on a theoretical analysis and uses primary as well as secondary data sources.
The research determines that the hypothesis has been approved. Theoretical analysis based on the social-constructivist neo-institutionalism indicates the need for the incorporation of human rights into the EU asylum rules, the application of which is currently very vague. A remarkable part of the rules related to the EU asylum policy does not... [to full text]Šiame darbe nagrinėjamas žmogaus teisių taikymas ES prieglobsčio politikoje. Terorizmo prevencija bei Teisingumo, laisvės bei saugumo erdvės stiprinimas reikalauja griežtesnės sienų kontrolės, kas neigiamai atsiliepia prieglobsčio prašytojams bei jų žmogaus teisėms. Ryšium su tuo, šio darbo tikslas – ištirti žmogaus teisių taikymą ES prieglobsčio politikoje tarptautinių įsipareigojimų atžvilgiu. Darbe siekiama įgyvendinti tris pagrindinius uždavinius: nustatyti, ar elgesys su prieglobsčio prašytojais, konvenciniais Pabėgėliais bei asmenims, kuriems suteikta Papildoma apsauga, atitinka tarptautinius žmogaus teisių įsipareigojimus; ištirti, kaip tam tikros su prieglobsčiu susijusios taisyklės yra naudojamos migracijos kontrolės tikslais; įvertinti atitinkamos politikos poveikį asmenims, kuriems reikalinga tarptautinė apsauga. Tyrimu siekiama patvirtinti arba paneigti hipotezę, teigiančią, jog dažnais atvejais žmogaus teisių taikymas ES prieglobsčio politikoje yra orientuotas ne į humanitarinius įsipareigojimus, bet į migracijos kontrolę. Darbas paremtas teorine analize, naudojant pirminius bei antrinius šaltinius. Tyrimu nustatyta, jog iškelta hipotezė pasitvirtino. Teorinė analizė, paremta socialkonstruktyviuoju neoinstitucionalizmu, identifikavo poreikį į ES prieglobsčio politikos taisykles įtraukti žmogaus teises, kurių taikymas šiuo metu yra labai vangus. Ženkli su ES prieglobsčio politika susijusių taisyklių dalis neatitinka žmogaus teisių įsipareigijimų. Non-entré... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
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Boccardi, Ingrid. "Europe and refugees : towards an EU asylum policy /." The Hague [u.a.] : Kluwer, 2002. http://www.gbv.de/dms/sub-hamburg/345637224.pdf.
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Wollmer, Anna. "International refugee law and the common European asylum system : Conformity or human rights violation?" Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-233208.
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Chari, Raj Samavedam. "Spain, taking it right into Europe?" Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq38303.pdf.
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Persson, Malin. "Asylum - not an EU problem? Qualitative analysis of the readmission agreements in the asylum and migration policy of the European Union." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-22758.
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In the European Union asylum and migration policy, the expressions “exclusion” and “externalization” are often used and encountered because the EU transfers the responsibility of migration control to non-EU states through readmission agreements. The EU does not have the capacity to receive all migrants, refugees and asylum seekers that seek protection in Europe, hence the agreements are constituted between the EU and other countries outside the EU on the basis of returning nationals and third country nationals who have been denied asylum. The purpose of this thesis is to explore how and to what extent are human rights embedded in the readmission agreements and in the materials that constitute the basis for the decision to enter into readmission agreements. This thesis also tends to analyze if and on what basis the readmission agreements pose potential consequences for asylum seekers, refugees and migrants. In order to answer the posed research questions, I have used a qualitative research method of case study and text analysis. I have used a theoretical framework of externalization and studied the cases of the EU-Ukraine agreement and the EU-Pakistan agreement. Today, the EU cannot guarantee the safety individuals that are being returned to either Ukraine or Pakistan, because both Ukraine and Pakistan lack functional human rights institutions and cannot practice what human rights instruments ordain because they lack the capacity to do so. The EU’s failing of safe returns for asylum seekers, refugees and migrants has consequently created situations of orbit and chain refoulment where migrants, refugees and asylum seekers risks being returned to their country of origin or passed around between countries.
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Kirby, Larry Joseph. "Sanctuary the right of asylum in the Corpus iuris canonici /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 2005. http://www.tren.com.
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Mweni, Sabelo Kenneth. "The right to education of asylum seeker and refugee children." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/27907.
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This research reviews the application of the law on the right of refugee children to education and the challenges inhibiting this right. Radical changes in the legal framework protecting refugee children's right to education has occurred since South Africa became a democratic state in 1994. The enactment of international law into the 1994 Constitution contributed into the protection of various children right and insured equal access into the education system. However, refugee children have been prejudiced in the right to access education based on numerous challenges. The lack of access education for refugee children is an unconstitutional practice in schools rather than a legislative injustice. This paper uses journal reports, newspaper articles, academic writing on both national and international perspective on the infringement of education rights on refugee children. The findings provide clarity on unconstitutional practices and the legal standpoint on such practices. The right to education constitutes a valuable foundation for integration. South Africa is obligated by both national and international law to provide immediate education to refugee children.
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López, Åkerblom Alicia. "Frontex and the right to seek asylum - A critical discourse analysis." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-23480.
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The European Union’s border control agency, Frontex, was established in 2004. Since its founding it has received ongoing critique from international human rights organizations stating that it prevents people from claiming their right to seek asylum. Therefore, the aim of this study is to understand how Frontex legitimizes its approach to the management of the union’s external borders in relation to the right to seek asylum. The theoretical framework of the thesis consist of Michel Foucault’s theories of power and knowledge structures in institutional discourse, which helps understand how the discourse is determined by power relations and consequently how Frontex legitimizes its work. A critical discourse analysis was conducted following Norman Fairclough’s three-dimensional model. The model consist of a text analysis, an interpretation and a contextualization of the text. The material analyzed is a report produced by Frontex to the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights.The results show that Frontex describes its relation to human rights with words that have a positive connotation such as ‘protect’ and ‘respect’, and at the same time aim to legitimize its work in technical terms of ‘development’ and ‘effectiveness’. The results indicate that the knowledge produced in the report dehumanizes migrants and asylum seekers in order for Frontex to treat migration as a legal and technical issue. Furthermore, Frontex partially legitimizes its work by regularly referring to the UN and other NGO’s while emphasizing their previous support of the institution’s work. These power relations influence how Frontex chooses to discursively legitimize its work in respect to human rights. The results of this study only reflect Frontex’s legitimization in the aforementioned report and cannot be generalized to the whole institution. However, it contributes to the knowledge which may improve the situation for those in need to exercise their right to seek asylum.
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Weber, Wiebke. "Behind Left and Right. The meaning of left-right orientation in Europe." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/107624.
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The left-right concept is considered to facilitate communication and
orientation in the political world. It has a long tradition in European
politics due to its capacity to absorb different associations over
time. However, this dynamic nature of the concept requires
periodical reassessments in order to assure that a common
conceptualisation endures. This dissertation focuses on reassign
what individual left-right orientation means. Usually, this is
measured by asking people to place themselves on a scale labelled
‘left’ and ‘right’ at its endpoints. The first empirical analysis of this
dissertation shows that this measure is comparable across groups
and countries. Thereafter, the relationship between an individual’s
issue preference and left-right orientation is considered. The second
empirical analysis shows that this relationship is conditioned by the
importance people assign to the respective issues. The final analysis
demonstrates that what explains left-right orientation is contingent
on individual and contextual factors. This implies that in order to
understand left-right orientation, it is not enough to identify what
has an impact on a person’s position but also account for all those
factors that predict variation between individuals. Given this
complexity, my conclusion is that the left-right concept runs the risk
of becoming too complicated to serve as an analytical tool to shed
light on political attitudes and behaviour.El concepte esquerra-dreta és considerat com un factor facilitador de la comunicació en el món polític. Té una llarga tradició’ en la política europea degut a la seva capacitat d’absorbir diferents associacions a través del temps. Tanmateix, aquesta natura dinàmica del concepte requereix revisions periòdiques per assegurar que persisteix una conceptualització comuna. La present tesi es centra en resignar el que significa l’orientació esquerra-dreta. Normalment, es mesura tot demanant als enquestats posicionar-se a ells mateixos en una escala que va de l’esquerra a la dreta. El primer anàlisi empíric de la present tesi mostra que aquesta mesura és comparable entre grups i països. Seguidament, es considera la relació entre les preferències temàtiques dels individus i llur orientació esquerra-dreta. El segon anàlisi empíric mostra que aquesta relació està condicionada per la importància que les persones assignen als temes respectius. L’anàlisi final demostra que el que explica l’orientació esquerra-dreta depèn de factors contextuals i individuals. Això implica que per entendre l’orientació esquerra-dreta no és suficient identificar què té un impacte en la posició d’una persona sinó també una explicació per a tots aquells factors que preveuen la variació entre individus. Donada aquesta complexitat, la meva conclusió és que el concepte esquerra-dreta corre el risc de convertir-se en massa complicat per a servir com a eina analítica per a l’estudi de les actituds i el comportament politics.
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Rogowicz, Eva. "Asyl- und Flüchtlingsrecht : ein Vergleich des materiellen Asyl- und Flüchtlingsrechts sowie ausgewählter Aspekte des Asylverfahrensrechts in den Ländern Deutschland und Polen unter Berücksichtigung der Entwicklung einer europäischen Asyl- und Flüchtlingspolitik /." Hamburg : Kovac, 2009. http://swbplus.bsz-bw.de/bsz288515331cov.htm.
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Mackinlay, Liz. "On-shore asylum seekers : an analysis of the Australian policy at end of 2001 /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2002. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe16959.pdf.
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Formanek, Alexandra. "Managing asylum : a critical examination of emerging trends in European refugee and migration policy." Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=82703.
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This thesis takes a critical approach to examine recent developments in European asylum and migration policy. Specifically, this research is interested in addressing the emerging paradigm of "migration management" and its impact on the nature of refugee protection and asylum in an integrated Europe. Two approaches are used in this analysis. First, from a functionalist perspective, this work considers how migration management has responded to contemporary realities of international migration. Secondly, from a critical theory perspective, the thesis analyzes how refugee protection becomes subsumed within the broader goals of migration management. This thesis will argue that the paradigm of migration management has effectively shifted the contours of the asylum debate by linking refugee and asylum policy with broader issues of labor migration, illegality and foreign relations. This has resulted in the separation of asylum from territoriality and more broadly, the submersion of the humanitarian considerations to the overarching goals of migration management.
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McNamara, Robert Emmett. "The politics of asylum : U.S. response to Salvadorans /." Genève : Université de Genève, Institut universitaire de hautes etudes internationales, 1988. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/fy0709/90127172.html.
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Woloshyn, Donald Frederick. "Canadian compliance with international law respecting the right of asylum of refugees." Thesis, McGill University, 1986. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=66024.
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Browne, Ruth Hannah. "The right to education for refugees and asylum-seekers in South Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/4684.
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Ryngbeck, Annica. "EU NGOs’ impact on shaping the EU future migration and asylum policies." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-23895.
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In 1999 the European Union (EU) defined for the first time common priorities in the area of migration and asylum. In 2014 the Justice and Home Affairs Council is deciding on the fourth multi-annual strategic guidelines. This thesis examines the role of non-governmental organisations (NGOs) in the EU influencing these guidelines through the European Commission public consultation, and their impact on shaping the future agenda for migration and asylum. While the EU has gained more competences in this field and increased legal protection standards across the EU, member states favour restrictive and security-oriented policies. EU NGOs represent a more liberal rights based approach, and having difficulties getting their points across. A step-by-step process tracing reveals the factors that enabled influence, such as a structured civil dialogue with opportunities for input. However, there were also elements disabling this influence, related to the disconnection between civil society and the Council, which partly undermined the purpose of the consultation.
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Michels, Mia-Maria. "To what extent does the European recast Qualification Directive protect refugee women seeking asylum on the basis of gender-related claims?" Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/9178.
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Includes bibliographical references.The Qualification Directive intended to achieve the harmonization of the asylum determination procedures among European states. The Qualification Directive introduced minimum standards for the determination of asylum claims, aiming at equal outcomes in decision-making processes, especially on first instance levels. While all member states had to change their national legislation to comply with the provisions of this Directive, they were allowed to adopt more favorable legislation. However, after a period of four years and an assessment of the situation, it became clear that the Qualification Directive failed its goal at least partly, since imbalances in asylum determination processes still existed. These resulted in immense differences in recognition rates of same country nationals in European states, despite the goal of the concept to reach uniform standards. The cause was said to be insufficient guidance coming from the Qualification Directive for the decision-making authorities. Consequently, the European Commission adopted a recast Qualification Directive in 2011. It demanded national legislation to be adapted accordingly by the 21st of December 2013. The international refugee regime is governed by the 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees (hereinafter 1951 Convention). Being a party to that Convention is a prerequisite for joining the EU. Thus all European states are bound by the obligations arising from the 1951 Convention. Consequently, the recast Qualification Directive is “based on the full and inclusive application” of the 1951 Convention. Nonetheless, due to the development of international human rights law, in terms of the protection of women’s rights, it is evident that the 1951 Convention lacks sufficient clarification and guidance for asylum claims arising from women’s experiences of traditional harmful practices. Those harmful and discriminatory practices comprise for example forced marriage, female genital mutilation, domestic violence including rape, China’s one child policy and the risk of forced sterilization emerging in this context as well as in others, traditional dress codes, dowry burning or honor killings. This list is not meant to be exhaustive, since women might be subjected to several other norms, customs, rules or policies, which they try to escape from and base their asylum claims on. Asylum claims that deal with these forms of harm are often referred to as gender-related asylum claims. However, under the refugee definition of the 1951 Convention a specific ground of ‘gender’ or ‘sex’ is missing.
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Nelson, Robert Colin. "The Right to Health: Conflicting Paradigms of Health as Commodity vs. Health as Human Right." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2007. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002010.
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Morieson, Nicholas George. "Religion and the populist radical right in western Europe." Thesis, Australian Catholic University, 2019. https://acuresearchbank.acu.edu.au/download/48f5b47c364a35b05b34377138212b09aba392f44ba0f4a39b6cdba9b59ab1da/1464675/Morieson_2019_Religion_and_the_populist_radical_right.pdf.
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To test this hypothesis, the thesis analyses the discourse of two populist radical right parties in Western Europe: The National Front (now known as National Rally) of France, and the Party for Freedom of the Netherlands. This analysis has two parts: The first tests part of my hypothesis: that Europeans’ encounter with Islam in Europe has (1) revealed the non-universal nature of European secularism to Europeans, and (2) demonstrated the secularisation of Christianity into ‘culture.’ The second consists of Critical Discourse This thesis seeks to understand the role of religion in the discourse of Western Europe’s populist radical right parties. Populist radical right parties have made extraordinary electoral gains in a number of Western European nations. Many of these parties call for a return to Christian and/or Judeo-Christian values, and for the Christian and/or Judeo-Christian identity of their respective nations to be respected and preserved. Muslims, in particular, are singled out by the populist radical right as a threat to Western Christian values and identity. Yet these populist radical right parties do not appear to be advocates of a religious doctrine or way of life; rather, they most often frame themselves as defenders of secularism. This is curious: if populist radical right parties in Western Europe are secular, when then has Christian or Judeo-Christian identity become such an important aspect of their discourse? Building on sociologist Rogers Brubaker’s observation that populist radical right parties in Western Europe are not genuinely religious, but rather Christian identitarian in orientation, this thesis contends that populist radical right parties use religion in their discourse in order to exclude Muslims from European society, and to protect their respective secular nationalisms. Therefore the primary question asked in this thesis is: why is religion used as a tool to differentiate ‘the people’ from ‘the other’ in the discourse of the populist radical right in Western Europe? The thesis proposes a hypothesis: Western Europeans’ encounter with Islam in Europe has (1) revealed the non-universal nature of Western European secularism to Europeans, and (2) demonstrated the secularisation of Christianity into Western European ‘culture.’ This recognition that Christianity has been secularised into ‘culture’ has allowed secular Europeans to identify themselves – and their nation and ultimately Western civilisation – as Christian or Judeo-Christian. These effects have precipitated the formation of Christianist secularism, a type of Christian identitarian politics which perceives contemporary European culture to be ‘Christianity secularised.’ A group of populist radical right parties in Western Europe, then, have embraced Christianist secularism, which they use to define their respective national identities in religio-civilisational terms, i.e. as (Judeo-)Christian. In doing so, they are able to exclude Muslims from their society, on the grounds that Islam is an alien religion which – unlike Christianity and possibly Judaism – has not and cannot be secularised into ‘culture'. Analysis of three selected texts produced by the respective leaders of the National Front and Party for Freedom, Marine Le Pen and Geert Wilders, produced during the 2012-2017 period. The Critical Discourse Analysis seeks answers in the selected to the following questions: (1) does the discourse display the key elements of Christianist secularism? (2) How is Islam constructed in the discourse? (3) How is Christian identity used to exclude Muslims from European society?
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Lubbers, Marcel. "Exclusionistic electorates : extreme right-wing voting in Western Europe /." [Netherlands] : ICS, Interuniversity center for social science theory and methodology, 2001. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb388640618.
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Fletcher, Jody D. (Jody Daniel). "The Pull to the Right in Western Europe: an Analysis of Electoral Support for the Extreme-Right." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1998. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278202/.
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This study develops a model explaining support for contemporary extreme-right parties. The history and political setting of relevant countries are examined. The research explores necessary state-level conditions, which are postindustrialism, convergence to the center by major parties, and proportional representation. Individual support is probed using survey data with bivariate and probit analyses. Being male and younger proved to be significant variables, while socio-economic status did not. Concerning issues, personal disaffection for immigrants, favoring nationalistic hiring practices, and free-market tendencies were significant variables. Opposition to feminism and pride to be from one's nation were insignificant explanations for extreme-right support. Implications of the analysis are discussed as are issues concerning future research.
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Robertson, Julie, and n/a. "Of scarecrows and straw men : asylum in Aoteroa New Zealand." University of Otago. Department of Anthropology, 2006. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20060914.101145.
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Asylum seekers have become the primary symbols of - as well as participants in - contemporary struggles over geo-political, intellectual and moral terrain. By moving place, by their mere presence in western industrial states, by demanding their refugee status claims be examined, by exposing themselves to all the techniques of scrutiny and evaluation in the presentation of their claims, asylum seekers displace traditional western ways of feeling at 'home,' and of knowing about and acting in the world. In doing so, they reveal the extent to which the legal system of rights upon which the international refugee regime is based is a messy zone of contested demands, refracted by the varying material circumstances and political power of participants. This thesis looks at asylum in Aotearoa New Zealand from the perspective of those most involved; asylum seekers, lawyers, adjudicators, members of non-government organisations and medical professionals. Situated mid-way between abstract human rights talk and the details of individual claims, it presents refugee status determination as a complex negotiation through culturally-laden frameworks of understanding and operation that are as prevalent as they are often camouflaged. In doing so, it explores how we are to evaluate the credibility and legitimacy of representations of the cultural 'other.'
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Szczepaniková, Alice. "Constructing a refugee : the state, NGOs and gendered experiences of asylum in the Czech Republic." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2008. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/2044/.
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This study is an exploration of an institutionalised world that refugees inhabit in today’s Europe. It argues that the institutional system that organises the reception of refugees and their settlement in a receiving country is based on historically and politically contingent constructions of “a refugee”. The research was conducted in the Czech Republic – an emerging country of immigration and asylum at the semiperiphery of the European Union. It draws on qualitative empirical data generated in interviews and participant observations among state officials, intergovernmental and nongovernmental workers, asylum seekers and refugees from Armenia, Belarus and Chechnya. The thesis brings together the key actors that shape the construction of “a refugee” and examines the key sites of the refugee system where this construction takes place: asylum and immigration legislation, refugee determination process, refugee camps and nongovernmental spaces of assistance and public representation of refugees. “A refugee” is analysed as an idealised concept that underlies asylum policymaking; as an object of governance that shapes institutional practices; and as a lived and performed gendered experience that forms and transforms identities. The dominant view of refugees as people of little or no choice is challenged by presenting them as knowledgeable actors who act strategically in an unevenly contoured terrain of the refugee system. Also the view of institutions as operating in a consistent and unified manner is questioned. Their actions are described as often contradictory and dissenting voices are incorporated into the analysis. Moreover, the institutions of the refugee system are presented as tied together by mutually constitutive relationships in the context of unequal power relations.
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Colin, Mariana. "Evil Looks Right Back at You: Portrayals of Catholicism in American Horror Story: Asylum." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/579240.
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Religion has been a defining theme in the horror genre since the beginning of film as a medium. Horror stories with religious themes are almost always filtered through the lens of Catholicism, and as such, bring along with them a number of expectations and tropes set about the Catholic Church. One can expect to see Catholic iconography displayed in a domineering and symbolic way, with sacred icons used as physical conduits for religious power. Church clergy are often used as representations of Church suppression and the corruption and secrecy that is often suspected of the Catholic hierarchy. Throughout history, Catholicism has been used to convey a kind of occult expertise that is not present in other Christian denominations. American Horror Story (2011-) is a pastiche of American horror tropes, using horror standards of decades past with an outrageous aesthetic derived from a mashup of different horror themes. The second season, Asylum, depicts a Catholic-run insane asylum in the 1960's. In this paper, I explore the use of Catholic horror themes within the show, first depictions of clergy, then the use of iconography and Church doctrine, finally relating its portrayal of the Church to the show's ultimate goal of social commentary.
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Tolliner, Lina. "The right to life in Europe : Its beginning and end." Thesis, Örebro University, School of Law, Psychology and Social Work, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-10917.
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The European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (“the Convention”) was adopted in 1950. One of the most important rights established therein is the right to life, which can be found in article 2.
The purpose of this thesis is to examine how far the scope of this right reaches concerning the beginning and the end of life. This is mainly done by examining the case-law of the European Court of Human Rights (“the Court”) which is set to monitor the observance of the rights. To make this thesis manageable, the three areas of abortion, euthanasia and the death penalty have been chosen as the starting-point of the examination.
The position of the three areas among the member states varies. Abortion and euthanasia have been regarded by the Court as sensitive areas in which the states have a wide margin of appreciation to decide on their own. This is much due to the lack of consensus within the states as to how they should be regulated.
Whether the unborn foetus is protected by the Convention and in such case to what extent is still in dispute. This is also the case concerning when life begins. The Court has stated that any right the foetus may possess is limited by the rights of the mother. They have also said that they do not want to impose a certain view on the member states.
The Commission has stated that if the foetus would have an absolute right to life under the Convention, then it would lead to serious implications for the mother, as she would not be able to have an abortion in any circumstance. Also, in Vo v. France one of the dissenting judges stated that the foetus’ right to life have to be narrower in scope than the right of the born.
In the case Pretty v. the United Kingdom the Court unanimously ruled that article 2 does not include a right to die. However some member states, like the Netherlands, have made euthanasia legal without being found to violate its obligations under the Convention. Consequently, it does not seem to be against the Convention for states to make their own legislation allowing for euthanasia to be practiced.
One important aspect to this debate is whether one considers life to be inalienable or not. The Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe has said that even though the rights of the terminally ill should be respected, it does not mean that one has the right to die at the hands of someone else. The Court has also said that in this area, it is important to protect those vulnerable from being used, and therefore states have the right to legislate against euthanasia.
The situation is different when it comes to the death penalty. Two additional protocols have been adopted restricting or completely abolishing the penalty since the adoption of the Convention. In 1950 there was no possibility to exclude the right to use the death penalty from the Convention since many European states still retained it in their domestic laws. However, the development since has moved towards a complete abolition. This is for instance evident since aspiring members of the Council of Europe have to be willing to abolish the penalty to be accepted.
The Court has dealt with the death penalty in several cases. In Soering v. the United Kingdom they said that extraditing someone to a state where he or she risks being executed not automatically means a violation of the right to life or the prohibition of torture. In Öcalan v. Turkey they established that the imposition of the death penalty after an unfair trial was a violation of article 3. Also, they considered the death penalty to now be regarded as an unacceptable punishment in peace time. Abolition of the death penalty is something the Council of Europe has worked for in decades to realise.
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Ahlemeyer, Volker. "The coalition potential of extreme right parties in Western Europe." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.614238.
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Marasca, Giulia <1994>. "Individual vs structural vulnerability in the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights: the case of female asylum seekers." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/16857.
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Nelle campagne di sensibilizzazione focalizzate sui temi delle migrazioni internazionali e sulla questione dei rifugiati, si riscontra come le immagini più comuni che vengono proposte alla società ritraggono donne e bambini come soggetti principali di una narrazione mirata a presentarli come gli attori più vulnerabili durante il processo migratorio. Lo scopo di questa ricerca è esattamente quello di proporre una visione critica del concetto di vulnerabilità e di come questa, seppur abbia rappresentato lo strumento fondamentale per il riconoscimento delle esperienze delle donne migranti nell’ambito dell’asilo, abbia comportato una visione generalizzata delle donne come un gruppo omogeneo e vittime di una cultura oppressiva e per questo incapaci di maturare una coscienza dei loro diritti.
La centralità del concetto di vulnerabilità personale delle richiedenti asilo è stata riscontrata anche nello studio delle sentenze della Corte Europea dei Diritti dell’Uomo, la quale ha utilizzato questo parametro come sostentamento nelle sue sentenze ritendendo che donne che possedevano un buon grado di istruzione o che avevano alle spalle un sostentamento economico non fossero a rischio di tortura, trattamenti inumani e degradanti non riscontrando quindi una violazione dell’art.3 della Convenzione. Questo tipo di sentenza, basata su una condizione personale va a discapito di quella che si ritiene essere la vera valutazione della vulnerabilità delle donne richiedenti asilo: una condizione che non è dipesa da caratteristiche individuali, ma che deriva da un sistema di discriminazione e ineguaglianza dalla quale deve essere protetta non grazie alla sua resilienza, ma attraverso un giudizio sulla capacità dello stato di proteggere.
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Pellegrino, Claudia Lea. "La Cour constitutionnelle italienne et son rôle en matière de garantie des droits fondamentaux des étrangers." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019EHES0186.
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Le présent travail se propose d’examiner le rôle joué par la Cour Constitutionnelle italienne dans la garantie des droits fondamentaux des individus, inscrits dans la Constitution, eu égard notamment à la catégorie des étrangers, n’ayant aucun lien de citoyenneté avec l’Etat.La recherche a été menée dans une perspective de reconstruction historique qui part de l’évolution de la justice constitutionnelle en Europe et des travaux de l’Assemblée constituante en Italie concernant l’institution du« Juge des lois ».Dans la première partie de la thèse, on a approfondi les profils de la structure de la Cour, de son fonctionnement, des instruments décisoires et des mécanismes d’accès au jugement constitutionnel sur les lois. A l’égard de ces derniers, on a voulu focaliser l’attention sur le recours incident tel qu’il est configuré dans notre système de justice constitutionnelle, en analysant ses points de force et ses limites et en opérant, ensuite, une comparaison avec la question prioritaire de constitutionnalité introduite, il y a dix ans, dans le système français.Objet d’étude a été également, le manque, dans le système italien, de toute forme de recours direct de la part des particuliers qui leur permette de saisir la Cour, même à défaut d’un jugement à quo engendrant la saisine de la question de légitimité constitutionnelle.On a pris, par conséquent, en considération les propositions législatives concernant l’introduction d’une telle institution et les orientations doctrinales qui se sont exprimées en termes positifs ou négatifs par rapport à cette possibilité.La deuxième partie, représentant le cœur du travail, concerne la contribution de la Cour constitutionnelle à la définition du statut juridique de l'étranger et à la mise en œuvre du droit constitutionnel d'asile. L’évolution de la jurisprudence constitutionnelle en matière d’immigration se caractérise par une certaine autolimitation de la part de la Cour par rapport au pouvoir discrétionnaire du législateur. L'attitude de la Cour varie toutefois également en fonction des aspects réglementés et des droits présumés violés par la législation soumise au contrôle de constitutionnalité.En définitive, la Cour a contribué considérablement à un ajustement dynamique du statut des droits et des devoirs des étrangers, également avec des déclarations d'inconstitutionnalité visant à assurer la reconnaissance effective des droits de l’homme, consacrés dans la Constitution et dans le droit supranational et international, qui doivent être appliqués quelle que soit la possession du status civitatis ou le caractère régulier du séjour. En ce qui concerne le droit constitutionnel d’asile, la disposition de référence est l’article 10, paragraphe 3 de la Constitution.Le punctum crucis de la réflexion sur l'asile tel qu’il est défini par la Constitution est représenté par la relation de cet institut avec ceux de la protection internationale (statut de réfugié et protection subsidiaire) régis par la législation interne de transposition des directives européennes faisant partie dudit « Système européen commun d’asile » ainsi que de la forme résiduelle de protection interne dite "humanitaire", envisagée dans notre système jusqu'à sa récente abrogation. On a tenté de répondre à deux questions : le droit constitutionnel d'asile peut-il être considéré comme "absorbé" par les instruments de protection indiqués ci-dessus et, par conséquent, mis en œuvre dans notre système juridique?Quel rôle la Cour constitutionnelle a-t-elle joué dans la définition de la nature juridique de cette institution et des droits qui lui sont associés, en l’absence d’une loi mettant en œuvre la réserve de législation prévue par la disposition constitutionnelle susmentionnée?Le travail se conclut donc par le souhait d’une intervention plus significative de la Cour, sanctionnant l’absence d’une discipline prescrite par la Constitution, afin de rétablir le droit autonome de l’individu à l’asile constitutionnelThe present work aims to investigate the role of the Italian Constitutional Court in the protection of fundamental rights of individuals, enshrined in the Constitution. Special reference will be made to the category of third-country nationals, who are untied from the State by any bond of citizenship.This research is conducted following a perspective of historical reconstruction, starting from the evolution of constitutional justice in Europe and the works of the Italian Constituent Assembly concerning the establishment of a “Judge of laws”.The first section of the thesis analyses the Court’s structure, its functioning, the decision-making tools and the mechanisms of access to the constitutional judgment of the laws. With regard to the latter, it is intended to focus attention on the mechanism of cross-claim as it is designed in the Italian constitutional justice’s system, by analyzing its strengths and limits and by making a comparison with the “question prioritaire de constitutionnalité” introduced in France ten years ago.Furthermore, research aims to investigate the absence, in the Italian system, of any forms of direct appeal by the individuals, which may allow them to send a referral to the Court in the absence of an a quo judgment in which an opportunity for the referral of the question of constitutional legitimacy can be initiated.Moreover, object of analysis are the legislative proposals for the establishment of such an instrument, as well as the doctrinal orientations that have spoken in favor or against this opportunity.The second part, which constitutes the more original contribution of the work, relates to the role that the Constitutional Court has provided in defining the legal status of foreigners and in implementing the constitutional right of asylum. The evolution of the constitutional jurisprudence in the matter of immigration is characterized by a trend of self-restraint by the Court as far as the discretion of the legislator is concerned.However, the attitude of the Court also varies according to the aspects governed by sectorial legislation and the rights that are presumed to be violated by the laws subjected to the scrutiny of constitutionality.Ultimately, the Court has considerably contributed to a dynamic adjustment of the status of the rights and duties of foreigners, also with declarations of unconstitutionality aimed at ensuring effective recognition of human rights, enshrined in the Constitution and in supranational and international law, which must be applied regardless of the possession of the status civitatis or regularity of the stay.As for constitutional right of asylum, the reference provision is Article 10, paragraph 3 of the Constitution.The punctum crucis of the reflection on constitutional asylum is represented by the relationship of this institution with those of international protection(refugee status and subsidiary protection) governed by the internal legislation transposing the European directives forming part of the so-called "Common European Asylum System" as well as of the residual form of so- called "humanitarian" internal protection, contemplated in the Italian system until its recent repeal.An attempt was made to answer two questions: can the constitutional right of asylum be considered as "absorbed" by the tools of protection indicated above and, therefore, implemented in our legal system?What role has the Constitutional Court played in defining the legal nature of this institution and the rights associated with it, in the absence of a provision implementing the rule of law/statutory reservation provided by the aforementioned constitutional provision?The work concludes, therefore, with the hope of a more meaningful intervention by the Court, that may sanction the absence of a constitutionally prescribed discipline, in order to restore the autonomous right of the individual to constitutional asylum
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El, Refaie Elisabeth. "'Flooding fortress Europe' : metaphor and visual rhetoric in Austrian newspaper discourses about asylum seekers." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.543580.
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Finney, Nissa Ruth. "Asylum seeker dispersal : public attitudes and press portrayals around the UK." Thesis, Swansea University, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.515729.
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Derlien, Jochen. "Asyl : die religiöse und rechtliche Begründung der Flucht zu sakralen Orten in der griechisch-römischen Antike /." Marburg : Tectum-Verl, 2003. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/364695358.pdf.
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Bar-on, Tamir. "The ambiguities of the intellectual European New Right, 1968-1999 /." Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=36750.
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The subject of this dissertation is the intellectual European New Right (ENR), also known as the nouvelle droite. A cultural "school of thought" with origins in the revolutionary Right and neo-fascist milieus, the nouvelle droite was born in France in 1968, the year of the spectacular student and worker protests. In order to rid the Right of its negative connotations, the nouvelle droite borrowed from the New Left ideals of the 1968ers. In a Gramscian mould, it situated itself exclusively on the cultural terrain of political contestation in order to challenge what it considered the ideological hegemony of dominant liberal and leftist elites. This metapolitical focus differentiated the nouvelle droite from both the parliamentary and radical, extra-parliamentary forces on the Right.This dissertation traces the cultural, philosophical, political, and historical trajectories of the French nouvelle droite in particular and the ENR in general. The dissertation argues that the ENR worldview is an ambiguous synthesis of the ideals of the revolutionary Right and New Left, and that it is neither a new form of cultural fascism, nor a completely novel political paradigm. In general, the ENR symbiotically fed off the cultural and political twists of the Left and New Left, thus giving it a degree of novelty. In the 1990s, the ENR has taken on a more left wing and ecological aura rather than a right-wing orientation. As a result, some critics view this development as the formulation of a radically new, post-modern and post-fascist cultural and political paradigm. Yet, other critics contend that the ENR has created a repackaged form of cultural fascism.
The nouvelle droite has been able to challenge the main tenets of its "primary" enemy, namely, the neo-liberal Anglo-American New Right. Moreover, it has restored a measure of cultural respectability to a continental right-wing heritage battered by the burden of 20th century history. In an age of rising economic globalization and cultural homogenization, its anti-capitalist ideas embedded within the framework of cultural preservation might make some political inroads into the Europe of the future.
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Gugwana, Monde Barrington. "The position of asylum seekers in South African social security law." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/6159.
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The legal position of asylum seekers in South African social security system is more nuanced as a result of their transitional stay or status in the country. Asylum seekers may often be present in South Africa for a quite a long time but their social security entitlement is more restricted, and similar to that of temporary residents. For example, asylum seekers’ social security position is completely different from that of refugees. Refugees enjoy the same social security treatment similarly to South African citizens and permanent residents. Refugees qualify for the constitutionally entrenched right to have access to social security, including appropriate social assistance. Refugees also qualify for other socio-economic rights contained in the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996. The exclusion of asylum seekers occurs despite the fact they are one of the vulnerable groups of noncitizens. Such exclusion forces asylum seekers to live under precarious conditions. It is fundamentally accepted that the drafters of the Constitution included the right to have access to social security, in order to ensure that everyone, irrespective of nationality and citizenship enjoys an acceptable standard of living. It is also fundamentally accepted that the right to have access to social security contained in section 27(1)(c) is limited by section 27(2) of the Constitution. Section 27(2) requires the State to take reasonable legislative measures, within its available resources, to achieve the progressive realisation of the right to have access to social security. The South African courts had on several occasions confirmed that the content of section 27(1)(c) is limited by section 27(2) of the Constitution and that the state cannot implement the right to have access to social security on demand. It had also been confirmed that the right to have access to social security is enforceable. This means the beneficiaries of this right may seek recourse from the courts of law when they are not satisfied about the progress relating to the implementation of the programmes relevant to the right to have access to social security. The right to have access to social security is also limited by section 36(1) of the Constitution. In the international arena, the right to have access to social security is recognised as the entitlement of everyone, but in some instances differential treatment can be made by the states. Such differential treatment should serve the legitimate state objective and all noncitizens should be treated equally.
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Toksabay, Burcu. "The Health Right Of Refugees In Turkey." Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12611661/index.pdf.
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The main objective of this thesis is to analyze the access of refugees to the right of health in Turkey. There are significant problems in the access of refugees to the available health services and there are no special health services designed to meet the needs of the refugees. Through field research in a city where refugees are settled, the problems related with the access to health services by refugees were examined. In a qualitative study design, this piece of research involved in depth interviews with health professionals, representatives of the NGOs working with refugees and refugees to understand the problems associated with the access of refugees to health services and the dynamics of the clinical encounter between the health professionals and refugees. The study has found that refugees cannot reach sufficient and appropriate health services in Turkey and their fundamental right of access to the right to health is not realized in practice. Moreover, it was found that the provision of health services is riddled with many difficulties, such as the lack of professional translators, the stereotypes common among health professionals about refugees. The legislation about health services and health insurance should be revised in a way to cover all asylum-seekers and to provide special health services for refugees such as comprehensive medical screenings on arrival and trauma and psychological counseling.
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Vo, Quyen. "The scope of British refugee asylum, 1933-93." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609586.
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Winn, Meredith. "This Land is My Land: The Dynamic Relationship between Migration and the Far-Right." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2020. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1752370/.
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This dissertation examines the dynamic intersections of the relationship between migration and the far-right through three empirical, stand-alone chapters. The first substantive chapter re-evaluates existing theories of far-right support using a novel theory and comprehensive dataset to assess how immigration opinion and immigration levels interact to shape individual far-right support. The findings suggest that increases in asylum-based migration are associated with increased far-right voting, but that this is effect is mainly observed in those with negative or neutral opinions toward immigration. The second substantive chapter examines the other side of this relationship by analyzing the impact of far-right electoral and legislative success on asylum-recognition rates in EU member states. The results of empirical analyses show that when far-right parties gain legislative seats, the expected rate of asylum approvals decreases. This suggests that far-right parties in legislatures have measurable effects on migration outcomes. Finally, the third substantive chapter uses original field research to assess how far-right politics impacts the lived experiences of immigrants in France and Switzerland, relying on a small survey and interviews conducted in the field. The results show that immigrants are generally aware of far-right parties and distrustful toward them. However, undocumented migrants and asylees are among the most negatively impacted by far-right activity. Overall, this dissertation moves beyond the entrenched debate of how migration does or does not facilitate far-right support and contributes to the academic understanding of how migration and far-right politics interact.
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Babo, Markus. "Kirchenasyl - Kirchenhikesie : zur Relevanz eines historischen Modells im Hinblick auf das Asylrecht der Bundesrepublik Deutschland /." Münster ;Hamburg [u.a.] : Lit, 2003. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/339833645.pdf.
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