Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Astrophysique – Appareils et matériel'
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Nitoglia, Elisa. "Gravitational-wave data analysis for standard and non-standard sources of compact binary coalescences in the third LIGO-Virgo observing run." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon 1, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023LYO10143.
Full textThis PhD thesis presents a comprehensive investigation into the detection of gravitational wave signals from compact binary mergers, with a specific focus on the analysis of data from the third observing run of the LIGO-Virgo Collaboration. The manuscript begins by providing an introduction to the fundamental principles of the theory of General Relativity, including the prediction of the existence of gravitational waves and an overview of the astrophysical sources that generate these waves. It also provides a detailed description of interferometers, the instruments used in gravitational wave observatories, and their basic functioning. Subsequently, the manuscript focuses on advanced data analysis techniques developed to extract gravitational wave signals from the detector noise. Special attention is given to the Multi-Band Template Analysis (MBTA) pipeline, which the author actively contributes to as part of the MBTA team. The functioning and methodology of the MBTA pipeline are described in detail, highlighting its role in the detection and analysis of gravitational wave signals. The manuscript then proceeds to present the results obtained from the standard analysis conducted to search for signals originating from the coalescence of binary black holes, binary neutron stars, and black hole-neutron star binaries in the data collected during the third observing run. The analysis includes a comprehensive examination of the observed signals, their properties, and the astrophysical implications of the detected mergers. Additionally, the manuscript explores the latest advancements in the search for gravitational waves emitted by sub-solar mass binaries, which involve binary systems comprising at east one object with a mass below the threshold of the mass of the Sun, providing an in-depth investigation into the methodology and results of the sub-solar mass search during the third observing run. Through this comprehensive investigation, the manuscript aims at contributing to the advancement of gravitational wave astronomy, offering a comprehensive exploration of gravitational wave research, encompassing the main achievement of the third observing run in both standard and sub-solar mass searches
Taillandier, Gérard. "Contribution à la réalisation d'une sonde parodontale électro-mécanique reliée à un traitement informatisé des données." Toulouse 3, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991TOU30276.
Full textRevilla, Rondón José Javier. "Développement et calibration d'une station sismologique trois composantes." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996GRE10095.
Full textKheder, Issa. "Analyse, modélisation rigoureuse et simulation dynamique d'une colonne de distillation par approche hybride." INSA de Rouen, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ISAM0018.
Full textPrevost, Joël. "Développement d'un appareillage de torsion-compression sur cylindre creux de roche : application à l'étude du comportement d'une craie blanche sous sollicitations rotationnelles." Lille 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LIL10155.
Full textMarty, Marie-Ange. "Equipement professionnel de l'odontologiste : en comprendre le fonctionnement, le dépanner, l'entretenir." Bordeaux 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BOR20060.
Full textSanchez, Jean-Baptiste. "Conception d'une micro-colonne chromatographique couplée à un capteur à oxyde semi-conducteur : application à la détection sélective de HF." Besançon, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BESA2033.
Full textRasoulifar, Rahi. "Processus de conception centé utilisateur à base de scenario : application à la conception d'instruments chirurgicaux innovants en chirurgie mini-invasive." Grenoble 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009GRE10319.
Full textThis PhD research is a contribution to the design process of innovative surgical instruments, particularly for minimally invasive surgery (MIS) for which the collaboration of surgeons and engineers is inevitable. Reviewing the literature shows that there is a gap between what surgeons need and what the engineers design. An approach to fill this gap is to build a design process which enables surgeons and engineers to work together, or in other words, enables the designer to integrate the surgeon in the design process. Taking the action research as the research method, this thesis went through the action of a 2-year design project of an MIS instrument, Protige, and observed and captured the experiment. The analyses of the corpus of observation showed new aspects of design process: the coevolution of product and usage during the process, and the role of the expert user in the design progression. These results led to propose new descriptions of design process, such as emulation step and expert- UCD, and provided bases for proposing a descriptive design process model for innovative surgical instruments. The validity of the proposed model was examined by applying to another MIS instrument design, and an informatic structure was proposed as a support for the process model
Adèle, Paul-Anthelme. "Le droit du dispositif médical : entre gouvernement du corps et normes de gouvernance." Paris 10, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA100179.
Full textProstheses, appliances, equipment either light or heavy, these products are referred to as “medical devices”. However, they are too diverse to be easily described in legal terms. When they are, it is by means of distinctive norms which form the law of medical device. These norms bear witness to innovative strategies as regard both the law-making process and the endeavours to influence people's behaviours. These norms are qualified as “norms of governance” since they reinvent the modalities of the interaction between law and the social world. On the one hand, they shape the perception of this world by public authorities. This is notably the case insofar as concerns rules of transparency in public decision-making, medical nomenclatures and classifications or evaluation methods of products. On the other hand, norms of governance revisit the means through which the social world is affected by the actions of public authorities. This is notably the case of the standardisation by the CE marking, the qualification of products for reimbursement by social welfare schemes or the health monitoring system. Finally, through this overall trend in the law of medical device, norms of governance refashion the relationship between human beings and their own bodies. They determine uses of health products through which the human body is no longer entirely distinct from the artefacts used to assist it, modify it or replace it. By means of law, little by little, human beings redefine their own nature
Lacoste, Paul. "Cinéma et matière : filmer la matière, rematérialiser le film." Toulouse 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU2A001.
Full textRisser, Michel. "Modélisation multiphysique et multiconfigurationnelle d'évaluation et d'optimisation des performances des systèmes de réfrigération magnétocalorique." Strasbourg, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011STRA6269.
Full textMagnetic refrigeration is a field of research that attempts to resolve problems related to the fields of refrigeration and heat pumping. The absence of refrigerant and noise, together with the potential energy efficiency of this technology makes it a prime candidate. Magnetic refrigeration is based on the Magnetocaloric Effect (MCE). It is an intrinsic property of magnetic materials which consists of an adiabatic temperature change resulting from the application of a magnetic field. MCE is implemented using a particular magneto-thermodynamic cycle in an Active Magnetic Regenerator (AMR). This thesis consisted in the designing of a numerical model of an AMR, an analytical model of magnetocaloric materials, and their validation with experiments performed on magnetic refrigerator prototypes. The numerical model is based on the simulation of three phenomena, magnetic, thermal and fluidic that are at work in an AMR. This model was used to perform an analysis of the functioning of an AMR in order to improve our understanding of it, to identify the influential parameters and study the interactions between the parameters and their impact on performance. It can help in the design of more efficient magnetic refrigeration systems in the future. This thesis was funded by the Agency for the Environment and the Energy Management (ADEME) and the Cooltech Applications Company (Holtzheim, 67, France) which also provided all the resources necessary for experimental tests
Calendreau, Christelle. "Validation du nettoyage du matériel de production d'un laboratoire pharmaceutique." Bordeaux 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR2P094.
Full textPaitry, Virginie. "L'instrumentation en cabinet de médecine générale : utilisation et hygiène : enquête sur 100 médecins généralistes du Var." Aix-Marseille 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AIX20031.
Full textGuillaud, Jean-Philippe. "Qualification décennale d'un autoclave." Paris 5, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA05P014.
Full textHor, Anis. "Simulation physique des conditions thermomécaniques de forgeage et d'usinage : caractérisation et modélisation de la rhéologie et de l'endommagement." Paris, ENSAM, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2011ENAM0002.
Full textDuring forging and machining processes materials undergo significant and rapid deformations responsible for localised heating, microstructural changes and damage. The modelling of such phenomena requires an accurate knowledge of behaviour and damage laws, for a large range of strains, strain rates and temperatures. Compression tests were performed on a Gleeble thermomechanical simulator and a Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar device on two steels (42CrMo4 and 100Cr6) and an aluminium alloy (2017-T4). Three behaviour domains are identified corresponding to cold, warm and hot working. The microtructural phenomena for each domain are analysed and linked to the observed rheological behaviour. After a review of various models from the literature, a new empirical model is proposed which properly accounts for the competition between work hardening and softening. Via coupling, it reproduces the effects of temperature and strain rate. The damage mechanisms at room temperature are characterised from in situ tensile tests performed in a Scanning Electron Microscope and using the digital image correlation method. The results from tensile tests on axisymmetrically notched specimens are used to characterise the damage at various temperatures. Two damage models are described and applied: Johnson-Cook's fracture criterion and Gurson-Tvergaard-Needleman's coupled micromechanical model. Finally the various behaviour models are applied and discussed for the Finite Element simulations of orthogonal cutting, shear tests on 'hat-shaped' specimens and plane strain tests
Ngueleu, Armelle. "Développement et étude de la validité d'une semelle instrumentée pour le comptage de pas." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/37366.
Full textInstrumented insoles are devices which can be used for quantifying steps and recognizing activities. Validity of many instrumented insoles varies from medium to high. This thesis has three objectives: 1) to systematically review the literature on the validity of existing instrumented insoles for posture, type of activities recognition, and step counting, 2) to develop an instrumented insole and 3) to study its criterion validity for step counting. For objective 1, five databases were used to select 33 articles on criterion validity of sixteen insole models for posture and type of activities recognition, and step detection. According to indicators used, validity values vary from 65.8% to 100% for activities and postures recognition and from 96% to 100% for detection of steps. In summary, few studies have used instrumented insoles for steps counting even though they demonstrated a very good validity. For objectives 2 and 3, we equipped a commercialized insole with five pressure sensors and tested three pressure signal processing methods for step quantification. These three methods are based on signal of each pressure sensor, average or cumulative sum of five pressure signals. Results showed that our instrumented insole detected steps with a success rate varying from 94.8 ± 9.4% to 99.5 ± 0.4% at self-selected walking speeds and from 97.0 ± 6.2% to 99.6 ± 0.4% at maximal walking speeds in indoor and outdoor settings with all three processing methods. However, cumulative sum method had the highest levels of accuracy for step counting.
Lemieux, Joanie. "Validation d'échantillonneurs d'air et biais sur la diversité." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/36720.
Full textDifferent types of air samplers are available to harvest bioaerosols. They all have their advantages and disadvantages, but of these types, one in particular is likely to introduce bias in the treatment and analysis of the results. Liquid-based samplers see a portion of their collection fluid evaporate during operation, which would favor either the loss of bioaerosols by re-aerosolization or their concentration in the fluid. Very little knowledge is known about re-aerosolization, concentration and their effects on results. The main purpose of this study was to document how the evaporation of the collection fluid impacts air sampling. In vitro experiments, in which collection vessels from two liquid samplers (Coriolisμ® and BioSampler®) were inoculated with known bacterial consortia, concluded that reaerosolization and concentration are complex phenomena. Indeed, they are difficult to predict and seem influenced by evaporation, the bacterial genus, the hydrophobicity of the bacterial membrane, the interaction with other bacteria, the composition of the collection fluid, the flow and capture mechanism of the sampler. In addition, experiments in a natural environment have made it possible to compare the diversity harvested by the liquid-based and filter-based samplers by high throughput sequencing methods. One of the peculiarities of this study was that a cassette containing a filter was connected to the BioSampler® air outlet to collect the re-aerosolized bacteria during sampling. The results are unequivocal, several bacterial genera are totally re-aerosolized from the BioSampler® collection vessel. More than half of the bacterial genera harvested by the Coriolisμ® differ from those of the BioSampler®, and vice versa. The filter samplers both harvested a similar bacterial diversity. These results are an important contribution to the scientific field since they prove the biases induced by liquid type samplers.
Duboeuf, François. "L'absorptiométrie à rayons X : évolution par rapport aux appareils à source isotopique." Lyon 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LYO1T060.
Full textVidor, Rémi. "Étude des jets générés par des ventilateurs axiaux : application à la ventilation dans les incendies." Le Havre, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LEHA0004.
Full textThe positive pressure ventilation used in the fight of fires consists in exercising an overpressure on a premises in fire by means of air jet. This overpressure allows, by making a release, to forward the products of combustion to the outside of the premises in fire. This study attempted to describe the complex air jets used, and their action in term of output flow rate and pressure on a compartment. These air jets are generated by axial fans. The measure by hot wire of the fields of speed stemming from simple axial fans allowed us to describe the differences between the simple annular jets and these complex air jets. In normal condition of use, ventilators used in PPV are put on the ground, and tilted upward about 20ʿ. We showed that the ground sucks up the jet. Finally, we showed through examples of intervention in complex cases that by optimizing the means and the techniques of ventilation, that it is possible to make decreasing in a significant way the temperature
Semet, Vincent. "Microscopie à projection de Fresnel : étude - conception - premiers résultats." Lyon 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LYO10049.
Full textRigal-Boivert, Pierre. "Qualification des appareils de laboratoire : application à un chromatographe en phase gazeuse." Bordeaux 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BOR2P099.
Full textCabrit, Florence. "Validation des procédés de nettoyage du matériel de laboratoire." Bordeaux 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR2P101.
Full textTaron, Maxime. "Ecalage et modélisation de formes avec incertitudes : contributions et applications à la segmentation avec a priori statistique." Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ENPC0734.
Full textNgo, Cong Khanh. "Étude et amélioration de l'organisation de la production de dispositifs médicaux stériles." Grenoble 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009GRE10044.
Full textIn health facilities, the sterilization of medical devices plays a key role in the fight against infections. A medical device is a surgical instrument or an exploration instrument used in operations or examinations. In this thesis we study and propose some improvements of the production organization of medical devices by applying methods commonly used to evaluate and improve the performance of industrial production systems. We elaborated a specific simulation model representing the sterilization service of Private Hospital Saint Martin of Caen. We show improvements obtained by modifying some aspects of the organization. Thereafter we tried to identify the specificities of sterilization services in several hospitals in order to perform a comparison of the different organization types and to identify the most efficient services. This comparison, realized with data obtained from a survey of establishments in region Rhône Alpes, relies on a ratio comparison, on the DEA method (Data Envelopment Analysis) and on a generic simulation model. In this thesis, we also offer tracks to analyze a generic sterilization service by using analytical stochastic methods. First, we present a survey on the use of stochastic models for the analysis of health care systems, then we study the possibility of using an analytical method to analyze our generic model of a sterilization service. Finally a queuing network model of a generic sterilization service is presented
Ménard, Laurent. "Étude, développement et évaluation clinique d'un imageur gamma per-operatoire." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999VERS0002.
Full textComas, Laurent. "Modèles et algorithmes pour la scintigraphie cardiaque." Besançon, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BESA2022.
Full textIn medicine, modeling is an essential step for the evaluation of the acquisition and reconstruction methods and image analysis. In the first part of this thesis, a bibliographical study of models was made. It allowed the selection of NCAT model for its qualities of realism and of flexibility for simulating myocardial single photon emission computerised tomography. This examination is used for evaluating perfusion and kinetics of the myocardium. In the second part, for the quantification, algorithms of image segmentation were developed in order to isolate the heart among the noise and the other tissues. In the third part, two applications were developed : acquisition defects, such as time tracer stability, were simulated and their impact on the reconstructed images was measured; an information compression algorithm, the Karhunen-Loeve transformation, was evaluated for its efficacy in detecting and quantifying serial changes in myocardial perfusion
Azouma, Yaovi Ouezou. "Intégration de la fabrication et de la maintenance dans une démarche de conception pluridisciplinaire d'équipements agricoles et agroalimentaires pour l'Afrique." Besançon, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BESA2006.
Full textManufacturing and maintenance integration as soon as possible in the life cycle of agricultural and food equipments allows reducing the possession cost for African producers and decreasing the risks of reconception or abandonment. The analysis of local designing practices in West Africa has shown that manufacturing and maintenance are rarely taken into account and are very often undergone. In order to enrich this analysis, and by using the concepts of integration of manufacturing and maintenance developed in the industrialized countries, a participatory design of a manure spreader for small farms having less than 5 ha in Africa has been achieved. Regarding the manufacturing, studies have allowed to propose using of ergonomics concepts and Design for Economic Manufacture (DEM) based on local manufacturing skills integrating a Specification of Materials and Spare parts Availability (SMSA). Necessary hygienic quality for food processing is also taken into account in equipment designing. Regarding the integration of reliability and maintenability of the equipment, several tools and recommendations are suggested : the Specification Equipment Availability (SEA), the Maintenance Distributed for Africa (MDA), the Failure Mode and Effects and Criticality Analysis (FMECA). As a multidisciplinary user centred design being the best way to promote equipments fulfilling the requirements of local demand in Africa, several perspectives of research are proposed
Rivero, Rodriguez Ricardo. "L'analyse d'exergie : application à la distillation diabatique et aux pompes à chaleur à absorption." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993INPL056N.
Full textExergy analysis is a systematic application of the two fundamental laws of Thermodynamics (the second law in particular) to energy analysis and optimization of industrial processes and systems. It is a precious tool which allows the consideration of energy Quality and the determination of a system's critical points where an energy improvement can be made. One of the applications of this methodology, resulting from the Theorem of Equipartition of Entropy Production, is called the Diabatic Distillation which consists in distributing, as uniformly as possible, the exergy losses of a distillation column in order to reduce them to a minimum. Diabatic Distillation can be applied to all processes and in particular to Absorption Heat Pumps technology where a diabatic separator, and eventually its complement (a mixer) will allow for a considerable increase of the energy yield and the scope of application
Maillet, Pierre. "Développement d'un robot pour la chirurgie orthopédique et d'une méthodologie pour sa mise en oeuvre." Montpellier 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MON20129.
Full textSeveral surgical procedures in orthopaedics, neurosurgery, maxillofacial or ENT need to mill, drill or cut bones accurately. In conventional surgery, motorized tools are positioned and held by the surgeon to realize these tasks. But bone cavity accuracy and surface roughness depend on the surgeon dexterity. In this thesis, we present a robot that has been developed for orthopaedic surgery as well as a registration method to position it with respect to the patient while satisfying constraints such as accessibility. In the two first section of the dissertation, the surgical constraint are presented and a state of art on current devices developed to assist ther surgeon's gesture is done. The third section details the BRIGIT device (Bone Resection Instrument Guidance by Intelligent tool) including its software and hardware architectures. A dedicated procedure for total knee replacement is also described. The last section presents the registration problem: two methods are proposed, one deriving a single robot solution, the second deriving a set of solutions that allows to position the robot in a more flexible manner
De, Vaulx Christophe. "Etude et développement d'un micro noyau réparti, temps-réel et tolérant aux fautes : dream." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003CLF21462.
Full textBlahuta, Samuel. "Etude et optimisation de matériaux scintillateurs pour l'imagerie médicale." Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066740.
Full textGiraud, Jean Yves. "Etude et mise en oeuvre d'un ostéotome assisté par ultrasons." Toulouse 3, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991TOU30264.
Full textEl-Obeid, Dany. "Etude de l'activité cardio-pulmonaire par télédétection : mesure, traitement et modélisation." Rennes, INSA, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ISAR0014.
Full textTouchless cardiopulmonary detection is essential in many applications where affixed electrodes of traditional electrocardiogram are perturbing or not applicable. Such situations include burn victims, newly born infant, and life signs detection for people under rubble. Microwave Doppler radar provides a prominent tool for such applications. In this PhD thesis, a new microwave system for the heartbeat detection is proposed. For a distance of 1 m, the heartbeat signal is detected using several operational frequencies: 2. 4, 5. 8, 10, 16, and 60 GHz. Besides, for a constant operational frequency of 2. 4 GHz, the heartbeat signal is detected at different power levels between -2 and -27 dBm. For all the performed measurements, both the heartbeat rate and the heart rate variability (HRV) are xtracted. Based on obtained measurements, models representing the cardiopulmonary activities are proposed. Several processing techniques are tested for the separation of the heartbeat and the respiration signals for SNR between 0 and -20 dB. Obtained results showed the possibility of detecting the heartbeat signal at distance of 1 m and at very low transmitted power. In addition, the application of wavelets transform to the modeling signal provides the possibility of extracting both the heartbeat rate and the HRV even at low SNR
Labergri, Fabien. "Modélisation du comportement dynamique du système pantographe-caténaire." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ECDL0012.
Full textThis study, a collaboration between ECL-SNCF-FAIVELEY TRANSPORT, proposes a mechanical model of current collection. It led to simulation software written in C++, named PACAT3D. The work includes the development of pantograph and of catenary models and numerical methods to deal with and the pantograph / catenary coupling equations. The pantograph is modelled with the help of multibody methods. Absolute nodal coordinates are used in order to simplify the definition of the joints. The non-linear damper of the pantograph has been thoroughly studied. A large experimental work has been used as a guideline for the models development and allowed their validation. The catenary is modelled by finite-elements. The non-linearity arising from the droper's release are taken into account. A study on the three dimension behaviour of the catenary has been carried out. Techniques to handle systems of equations with constraints are describe : their transform to fit with explicit integration methods, static calculus, constraint relaxation and reestablishment. Many strategies are tested in order to find out the contact force between the mobil pantograph and the discretized catenary; particulary the use of wire elements obtained through modal synthesis. An analytical method enable the validation of the pantographjcatenary coupling. It applies to the stationary response study of a moving pantograph under an infinite periodical catenary. Based upon the Fourier series decomposition of the variables expressed in the moving frame, it leads to the resolution of an eigen value problem
Belmehdi, Bouchra. "Le commerce électronique des produits informatiques, équipements ou logiciels : Les conditions de son développement en France." Paris 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA020043.
Full textBiray, Isabelle. "Incidence du recyclage sur les brackets metalliques (étude expérimentale)." Bordeaux 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BOR20080.
Full textMagimel-Pelonnier, Vincent. "Traitement d'images : vers l'extraction automatique de paramètres : application à la cardiologie en médecine nucléaire." Bordeaux 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985BOR10528.
Full textRodríguez-Donis, Ivonne. "Nouvelle méthode de distillation azéotropique discontinue pour la séparation de mélanges non idéaux." Toulouse, INPT, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002INPT004G.
Full textKasehgari, Hossein. "Mesure des faibles tensions de vapeur par la méthode statique : application à l'étude d'hydrocarbures peu volatils." Lyon 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO10153.
Full textWang, Yulin. "Robust cancellation of eccentricity and non-circularity tension disturbances in web winding systems." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003STR13022.
Full textWinding systems and web transport systems are systems subjected to quasi-periodic web tension disturbances caused by the eccentricity and the non-circularity of the rolls. This thesis focuses on removing the effect of these kind of disturbances with unknown amplitude and phase in web winding and transport systems. Two adaptive methods are proposed to reject these disturbances. The first algorithm is based on a phase-lock loop principle that estimates simutaneously the phase and amplitude of the perturbation. The second algorithm is based on the estimation of the amplitude of two components of the disturbance that are in phase quadrature to each other. A Bode plot of the system is used to design the parameters that are used in both algorithms. An approach for multi-harmonic perturbations is also studied. Finally, a novel approach is proposed based on a two degrees freedom linear parameter varying (LPV) H8 controller synthesis for compensation of disturbances with time-varying frequency. The analysis of robustness and stability shows that both adaptive algorithms have a large stability margin. They guarantee asymptotic perturbation cancellation, even if the parameters in the web system change. Simulations with the physical model and experimental measurements on a 3-motors web transport system setup demonstrate the validity of our theoretical analysis results and show the ability of the algorithms for the rejection of eccentricity and non-circularity perturbations
Ishac, Marcel. "Contribution à l'étude de l'hyperpropulsion mandibulaire par l'appareillage de Herbst." Lille 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LIL2A001.
Full textFargeot, Catherine. "Evaluation de la détergence protéique sur les dispositifs médicaux réutilisables dans le contexte du risque de transmission des prions en milieu hospitalier." Paris 5, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA05P625.
Full textBogalhas, Frédéric. "Développement d'une sonde positon per-opératoire pour la localisation et l'excision des tumeurs cérébrales." Paris 11, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA112326.
Full textNowadays, the precision of the surgical removal remains one of the major steps of the management of patients suffering from brain cancers, such as gliomas, and conditions, more than for all other cancers, the survival outcome and the quality of life of operated patients. The stake is to perform the excision as complete as possible to prevent recurrences while preserving normal tissue bordering the tumour. This thesis presents the development, the characterisation and the pre-clinical evaluation of a radioisotopic probe intended to guide the surgeon in the simultaneous detection and removal of brain tumour lesion labelled with positrons emitting radiotracers. The probe consists of an exchangeable detection head built around clear and scintillating plastic fibres, an optic fibre bundle and a transportable photodetection and an acquisition module including a multi-channel photomultiplier and an electronic read-out chip. An optimised prototype of the probe with regards to performances (detection efficiency and spatial resolution) and ergonomics was realised. Its evaluation using a brain phantom demonstrates the ability of the probe to detect, with a precision averaging the millimetre, small residual lesions (20mg) labelled with currently available fluorinated radiotracers. Moreover, the pre-clinical evaluation performed on a primate model proves that the simultaneous precise in vivo detection and removal of radiolabelled tissues was feasible being guided only by the imaging abilities of the probe coupled to an ultrasonic surgical aspirator
Jacquey, Frédéric. "Développement d'une technique de microspectrophotométrie rapide destinée à l'étude des signaux ioniques cytoplasmiques sur cellule unique." Lyon 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LYO10092.
Full textPalacios, Rios Joahnn Hernando. "Amélioration d'un échantillonneur à flux passif pour la mesure de l'oxyde nitreux (N₂O)." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/21967.
Full textCordier, Nicolas. "Développement et évaluation de stratégies de contrôle de ventilation appliquées aux locaux de grandes dimensions." Lyon, INSA, 2007. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2006ISAL0105/these.pdf.
Full textAir renewal in buildings represents at the same time a major issue of public health, taking into account harmful effects of interior’s pollutants on health, a main energy stake, considering induced consumptions, and in parallel a paramount environmental issue. As a result, the systems of conditioning and renewal of air from now on are thought by considering the capacity simultaneously to maintain indoor air quality, the faculty to ensure the thermal comfort of the occupants, and the effectiveness to minimize the energy expenditure. In this context and the particular case of the typology of the large-sized buildings, the interest of an optimal control of ventilation appears, and this more especially as the occupation in the room can appear highly variable in space and time. The adjustment of the renewal of the air to the real needs for the room, closely related to the occupation, makes it possible to optimize the energy expenditure of the systems by ensuring indoor air qaulity and thermal comfort of the occupants. The study presents the development and the evaluation of strategies of ventilation control applied to the large buildings, through a numerical and experimental study. The installation of an experimental platform allows the development of a thermo-aerodynamics model of a large-sized room, developed on the basis of code CFD. While being pressed on these tools, strategies of ventilation control, defining a whole of controllers, initially simple then more advanced with the integration of fuzzy logic, are worked out, analyzed then evaluated according to criteria and established functions of performance
Rimbert, Nicolas. "Contribution à l'étude de la pulvérisation et de la dispersion dans l'air de fluides newtoniens et non-newtoniens : application aux largages aériens d'eau et de fluide retardant." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003INPL007N.
Full textThe topic ofthis thesis is the modeling of the aerial dropping ofwater and retardant fluid by an airplane on a wildland fire. There are several levels of understanding: from qualitative description to fine prediction of the influence of the retardant fluid rheology on the spreading of the cloud. Most domains of fluid mechanics are concerned: turbulence and statistical mechanics, multiphase flows and complex fluid rheology. First part of this thesis is a bibliographical and qualitative study of characteristic scales of the problem. Emphasis is put on the similarity between aerial dropping and turbulent mixing in the Rayleigh-Taylor instability. Kinetic and potential energy in a typical dropping are around three and two mega Joules respectively and Reynolds number may be as high as 109, ln the second part, French retardant fluid rheological properties are studied. Lt is a mixture of water, ammonium polyphosphate, attapulgites clay, guar gum and iron oxides. Lt bas a complex rheological behavior but elasticity is quickly decreasing under shear stress so it can be efficiently modeled using a simple power-law viscosity. Third part develops a self-sitnilar stochastic process akin to a fragmentation equation whose solutions are given using P. Lévy stable laws. Lt is then shown from comparison with experimental data that it helps in fitting some experimental data in atomization study and may especially give a better fit to the small drop part of the p. D. F. Other spray characteristics (like intensity or Sauter mean diameter) may be efficiently computed using these p. D. F. Fourth part is a derivation of one-fluid and two-fluid macroscopic model of biphasic medium by averaging the microscopic equations. The notion of interfacial area concentration is developed in Ibis framework. A balance equation is calculated and necessary closure equations are obtained using extended irreversible thermodynatnics. Ln the fifth part, simulations of the dropping were divided in two stages: a trap opening stage computed on a fine mesh and a cloud spreading stage computed on a coarser mesh. Final solution of the trap opening stage is used to initialize the cloud spreading stage using a mesh coarsening method based on Germano's generalized central moments in order to compute new turbulent quantities
Paille, Joffrey. "La localisation spatiale d'outils chirurgicaux par systèmes électromagnétiques alternatifs : applications et domaines de validité des modélisations numériques." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004GRE19002.
Full textMagnetic tracking devices are the only systems that allow tracking movement of surgical tools inside the human body. Nevertheless, when used in a typical working environnement, these systems are usually disturbed by electromagnetic fields induced in nearby metals. The presence of metallic objects within the working field results in measurement errors which can be important, several millimeters for the most significant. Three-dimensional finite element modelling is presented, which is performed with FluxExpert software. This model is used to study the effect of the two metal-related phenomena that impinge on the performance of electromagnetic based trackers : eddy currents and ferromagnetism. Two numerical techniques have been developed. An experimental investigation was undertaken to validate the aumerical results. Validity domains of the numerical modellings have also been determined
Urvoy, Caroline. "Optimisation des cycles de stérilisation de flacons de solutés massifs : étude et validation pour un stérilisateur en continu." Paris 5, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA05P092.
Full textVerriest, Eric. "Conception et mise en oeuvre en temps réel d'un système de soustraction de bruit adaptatif pour antenne sonar." Lille 1, 1998. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1998/50376-1998-181.pdf.
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