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Journal articles on the topic 'Astroparticle Physics - Standard Model (SM)'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 7 September 2023

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1

Feng, Jonathan L., Felix Kling, Mary Hall Reno, Juan Rojo, Dennis Soldin, Luis A. Anchordoqui, Jamie Boyd, et al. "The Forward Physics Facility at the High-Luminosity LHC." Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics 50, no. 3 (January 20, 2023): 030501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6471/ac865e.

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Abstract High energy collisions at the High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (LHC) produce a large number of particles along the beam collision axis, outside of the acceptance of existing LHC experiments. The proposed Forward Physics Facility (FPF), to be located several hundred meters from the ATLAS interaction point and shielded by concrete and rock, will host a suite of experiments to probe standard model (SM) processes and search for physics beyond the standard model (BSM). In this report, we review the status of the civil engineering plans and the experiments to explore the diverse physics signals that can be uniquely probed in the forward region. FPF experiments will be sensitive to a broad range of BSM physics through searches for new particle scattering or decay signatures and deviations from SM expectations in high statistics analyses with TeV neutrinos in this low-background environment. High statistics neutrino detection will also provide valuable data for fundamental topics in perturbative and non-perturbative QCD and in weak interactions. Experiments at the FPF will enable synergies between forward particle production at the LHC and astroparticle physics to be exploited. We report here on these physics topics, on infrastructure, detector, and simulation studies, and on future directions to realize the FPF’s physics potential.

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BETTINI, A. "ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS." International Journal of Modern Physics A 22, no. 30 (December 10, 2007): 5550–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x07038815.

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Astroparticle is a very wide, expanding, sector of Physics; this report covers only a fraction of it complementing the plenary reports of Y. Takahashi and K. Inoue. I will focus, in particular, on the experimental evidence of new physics, beyond the Standard Model. Astroparticle and accelerator experiments will give complementary tools in the search of new particles, like those of the dark matter, and new fundamental fields, like the inflaton.

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Tinyakov, Peter, Maxim Pshirkov, and Sergei Popov. "Astroparticle Physics with Compact Objects." Universe 7, no. 11 (October 25, 2021): 401. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/universe7110401.

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Probing the existence of hypothetical particles beyond the Standard model often deals with extreme parameters: large energies, tiny cross-sections, large time scales, etc. Sometimes, laboratory experiments can test required regions of parameter space, but more often natural limitations lead to poorly restrictive upper limits. In such cases, astrophysical studies can help to expand the range of values significantly. Among astronomical sources, used in interests of fundamental physics, compact objects—neutron stars and white dwarfs—play a leading role. We review several aspects of astroparticle physics studies related to observations and properties of these celestial bodies. Dark matter particles can be collected inside compact objects resulting in additional heating or collapse. We summarize regimes and rates of particle capturing as well as possible astrophysical consequences. Then, we focus on a particular type of hypothetical particles—axions. Their existence can be uncovered due to observations of emission originated due to the Primakoff process in magnetospheres of neutron stars or white dwarfs. Alternatively, they can contribute to the cooling of these compact objects. We present results in these areas, including upper limits based on recent observations.

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GREEN, DAN. ""REDISCOVERING" THE STANDARD MODEL AT CMS." Modern Physics Letters A 26, no. 05 (February 20, 2011): 309–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732311035134.

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The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) began 7 TeV C.M. energy operation in April, 2010. The CMS experiment immediately analyzed the earliest data taken in order to "rediscover" the Standard Model (SM) of high energy physics. By the late summer, all SM particles were observed and CMS began to search for physics beyond the SM and beyond the present limits set at the Fermilab Tevatron. The first LHC run ended in Dec., 2010 with a total integrated luminosity of about 45 pb-1 delivered to the experiments.

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Kitahara, Teppei. "Standard Model and New physics for ε′k/εk." EPJ Web of Conferences 179 (2018): 01007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201817901007.

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The first result of the lattice simulation and improved perturbative calculations have pointed to a discrepancy between data on ε′k/εk and the standard-model (SM) prediction. Several new physics (NP) models can explain this discrepancy, and such NP models are likely to predict deviations of ℬ(K → πvv) from the SM predictions, which can be probed precisely in the near future by NA62 and KOTO experiments. We present correlations between ε′k/εk and ℬ(K → πvv) in two types of NP scenarios: a box dominated scenario and a Z-penguin dominated one. It is shown that different correlations are predicted and the future precision measurements of K → πvv can distinguish both scenarios.

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Okada, Nobuchika, Digesh Raut, and Desmond Villalba. "Domain-Wall Standard Model in non-compact 5D and LHC phenomenology." Modern Physics Letters A 34, no. 10 (March 28, 2019): 1950080. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732319500809.

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We propose a framework to construct “Domain-Wall Standard Model” in a non-compact 5-dimensional spacetime, where all the Standard Model (SM) fields are localized in certain domains of the 5th dimension and the SM is realized as a 4-dimensional effective theory without any compactification for the 5th dimension. In this context, we investigate the collider phenomenology of the Kaluza–Klein (KK) modes of the SM gauge bosons and the current constraints from the search for a new gauge boson resonance at the Large Hadron Collider Run-2. The couplings of the SM fermions with the KK-mode gauge bosons depend on the configuration of the SM fermions in the 5-dimensional bulk. This “geometry” of the model can be tested at the future Large Hadron Collider experiment, once a KK-mode of the SM gauge boson is discovered.

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Díaz Cruz, L. "The Higgs profile in the standard model and beyond." Revista Mexicana de Física 65, no. 5 Sept-Oct (September 2, 2019): 419. http://dx.doi.org/10.31349/revmexfis.65.419.

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We present a review of Higgs physics in the SM and beyond, including the tests of the Higgs boson properties that have been performed at LHC and have permitted to delineate its profile. After presenting the essential features of the BEH mechanism, and its implementation in the SM, we discuss how the Higgs mass limits developed over the years. These constraints in turn helped to classify the Higgs phenomenology (decays and production mechanisms), which provided the right direction to search for the Higgs particle, an enterprise that culminated with its discovery at LHC. So far, the constraints on the couplings of the Higgs particle, point towards a SM interpretation. However, the SM has open ends that suggest the need to look for extensions of the model. We discuss in general the connection of the Higgs sector with some new physics (e.g. supersymmetry, flavor and Dark matter), with special focus on a more flavored Higgs sector. Thus is realized in the most general 2HDM, and its textured version, which we study in general, and for its various limits, which contain distinctive flavor-violating signals that could be searched at current and future colliders.

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Koren, Seth. "A Note on Proton Stability in the Standard Model." Universe 8, no. 6 (May 30, 2022): 308. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/universe8060308.

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In this short note, we describe the symmetry responsible for absolute, nonperturbative proton stability in the Standard Model. The SM with Nc colors and Ng generations has an exact, anomaly-free, generation-independent, global symmetry group U(1)B−NcL×ZNgL, which contains a subgroup of baryon plus lepton number of order 2NcNg. This disallows proton decay for Ng>1. Many well-studied models beyond the SM explicitly break this global symmetry, and the alternative deserves further attention.

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9

Wolf, Günter. "Highlights in Subnuclear Physics." International Journal of Modern Physics A 18, supp01 (February 2003): 129–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x03016641.

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An overview on new developments in experimental particle and astroparticle physics is presented. This includes observation of CP violation in the B-sector, detection of direct CP violation in the K0-system, new measurements on solar neutrinos, cosmic microwave background radiation and properties of the universe, electroweak results from the large colliders and tests of the Standard Model, measurement of the anomalous magnetic moment of muons, structure of the proton at large energy transfers and virtualities, and heavy ion collisions at very high energies. Finally, the physics reach of TEVATRONII, LHC and TESLA, a linear e+e- collider proposed for the 0.5 - 1 TeV regime, is briefly reviewed.

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FUKUYAMA, TAKESHI. "SEARCHING FOR NEW PHYSICS BEYOND THE STANDARD MODEL IN ELECTRIC DIPOLE MOMENT." International Journal of Modern Physics A 27, no. 16 (June 17, 2012): 1230015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x12300153.

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This is a theoretical review of exploration of new physics beyond the Standard Model (SM) in the electric dipole moment (EDM) in elementary particles, atoms and molecule. EDM is a very important CP violating phenomenon and sensitive to new physics. Starting with the estimations of EDM of quarks–leptons in SM, we explore new signals beyond SM. However, these works drive us to wider frontiers where we search fundamental physics using atoms and molecules and vice versa. Paramagnetic atoms and molecules have great enhancement factor on electron EDM. Diamagnetic atoms and molecules are very sensitive to nuclear P and T odd processes. Thus EDM becomes the keyword not only of New Physics but also of unprecedented fruitful collaborations among particle, atomic and molecular physics. This review intends to help such collaborations over a wide range of physicists.

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Avrin, J. S. "ALONGSIDE THE STANDARD MODEL: UNIFICATION VIA GEOMETRY." International Journal of Modern Physics A 16, supp01c (September 2001): 916–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x01008485.

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A geometrical model (GM) featuring a visualizable reduction of the elementary particles and interactions down to common elements has been developed. As a consequence, a taxonomy of particles and various interactions emerge, all in consonance with the Standard Model (SM) of particle physics. However, the GM goes well beyond the SM, incorporating a number of fundamental phenomena and issues for which the latter has no explanation. Since the GMs largely diagramatic development cannot be displayed in this brief paper, only a summary of its conceptual basis and consequences is presented herein.

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WANG, SONG-MING. "SEARCHES FOR THE STANDARD MODEL HIGGS BOSON AT THE CDF EXPERIMENT." International Journal of Modern Physics A 24, no. 04 (February 10, 2009): 617–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x09043298.

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The understanding of the dynamics behind the breaking of the electroweak symmetry is one of the most important goals in the field of high energy physics. In the Standard Model (SM) Higgs mechanism plays a key role in the symmetry breaking, one manifestation of which is spin-0 Higgs boson. Thus the search for the Higgs boson is one of the flag-ship analyses at the Tevatron. Over the past few years the CDF experiment has made significant improvements in its sensitivity on the search for the SM Higgs boson. In this paper we summarize CDF's most recent results on the searches for the SM Higgs boson production at the Tevatron using data samples of integrated luminosities up to 3 fb-1. We also present the Tevatron's latest combined results on the SM Higgs boson search, and discuss the possibility that it could be found at the Tevatron in the near future.

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13

Rosner, Jonathan L. "Resource Letter: SM-1: The standard model and beyond." American Journal of Physics 71, no. 4 (April 2003): 302–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.1539087.

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14

Trifyllis, Lampros. "The Higgs di-photon decay in the standard model effective field theory." Facta universitatis - series: Physics, Chemistry and Technology 17, no. 1, spec.issue (2019): 89–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fupct1901089t.

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Starting from the Standard Model (SM) of elementary particle physics, we assume that new physics effects can be encoded in higher-dimensional operators added in the SM Lagrangian. The resulting theory, the SM Effective Field Theory (SMEFT), is then used for high-accuracy phenomenological studies. Through this paper, the di-photon decay of the Higgs boson is used as a sample of a concrete calculation in the SMEFT framework.

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15

Lapi, Andrea, Tommaso Ronconi, Lumen Boco, Francesco Shankar, Nicoletta Krachmalnicoff, Carlo Baccigalupi, and Luigi Danese. "Astroparticle Constraints from Cosmic Reionization and Primordial Galaxy Formation." Universe 8, no. 9 (September 10, 2022): 476. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/universe8090476.

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We derived astroparticle constraints in different dark matter scenarios that are alternatives to cold dark matter (CDM): thermal relic warm dark matter, WDM; fuzzy dark matter, ψDM; self-interacting dark matter, SIDM; sterile neutrino dark matter, νDM. Our framework is based on updated determinations of the high-redshift UV luminosity functions for primordial galaxies to redshift z∼10, on redshift-dependent halo mass functions in the above DM scenarios from numerical simulations, and on robust constraints on the reionization history of the Universe from recent astrophysical and cosmological datasets. First, we built an empirical model of cosmic reionization characterized by two parameters, namely the escape fraction fesc of ionizing photons from primordial galaxies, and the limiting UV magnitude MUVlim down to which the extrapolated UV luminosity functions steeply increased. Second, we performed standard abundance matching of the UV luminosity function and the halo mass function, obtaining a relationship between UV luminosity and the halo mass, whose shape depends on an astroparticle quantity X specific to each DM scenario (e.g., WDM particle mass); we exploited such a relationship to introduce (in the analysis) a constraint from primordial galaxy formation, in terms of the threshold halo mass above which primordial galaxies can efficiently form stars. Third, we performed Bayesian inference on the three parameters fesc, MUVlim, and X via a standard MCMC technique, and compared the outcomes of different DM scenarios on the reionization history. We also investigated the robustness of our findings against educated variations of still uncertain astrophysical quantities. Finally, we highlight the relevance of our astroparticle estimates in predicting the behavior of the high-redshift UV luminosity function at faint, yet unexplored magnitudes, which may be tested with the advent of the James Webb Space Telescope.

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Morais, António P., Roman Pasechnik, and Werner Porod. "Grand Unified Origin of Gauge Interactions and Families Replication in the Standard Model." Universe 7, no. 12 (November 25, 2021): 461. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/universe7120461.

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The tremendous phenomenological success of the Standard Model (SM) suggests that its flavor structure and gauge interactions may not be arbitrary but should have a fundamental first-principle explanation. In this work, we explore how the basic distinctive properties of the SM dynamically emerge from a unified New Physics framework tying together both flavor physics and Grand Unified Theory (GUT) concepts. This framework is suggested by a novel anomaly-free supersymmetric chiral E6×SU(2)F×U(1)F GUT containing the SM. Among the most appealing emergent properties of this theory is the Higgs-matter unification with a highly-constrained massless chiral sector featuring two universal Yukawa couplings close to the GUT scale. At the electroweak scale, the minimal SM-like effective field theory limit of this GUT represents a specific flavored three-Higgs doublet model consistent with the observed large hierarchies in the quark mass spectra and mixing already at tree level.

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17

SAMUEL, MARK A. "THE TAU-LEPTON AND TESTS OF THE STANDARD MODEL." Modern Physics Letters A 08, no. 26 (August 30, 1993): 2491–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732393002816.

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Using a new value for the mass of the tau-lepton we reconsider various tests of the Standard Model (SM) for the tau. The agreement with the SM is much improved. All tests agree within 1.2σ or smaller and the so-called “tau-lifetime problem” has disappeared. We also obtain bounds on the mass of the tau-neutrino. It is shown that an improved bound [Formula: see text] MeV at 95% C.L. can be obtained at the τ-charm factory in Spain or at a proposed B-factory.

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DAS, C. R., and LARISA LAPERASHVILI. "SEESAW SCALES AND STEPS FROM THE STANDARD MODEL TOWARDS SUPERSTRING-INSPIRED FLIPPED E6." International Journal of Modern Physics A 24, no. 32 (December 30, 2009): 6011–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x09047430.

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Recently in connection with superstring theory and with an alternative nonsupersymmetric "Exceptionally Simple Theory of Everything," E8 and E6 unifications became very promising. In the present paper we have investigated a number of available paths from the Standard Model (SM) to the E6 unification, considering chains of flipped models following the extension of the SM, also a chain with a left–right symmetry. We have presented four examples including nonsupersymmetric and supersymmetric extensions of the SM and different contents of the Higgs bosons providing the breaking of the flipped SO(10) and SU(5) down to the SM. It was shown that the final unification E6× U (1) or E6 at the (Planck) GUT scale M SSG depends on the number of the Higgs boson representations considered in theory.

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SAU, GOUTAM, and S. BHATTACHARYYA. "ON THE SPECIAL SIGNIFICANCE OF THE LATEST PAMELA RESULTS IN ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS." Modern Physics Letters A 27, no. 24 (July 31, 2012): 1250143. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021773231250143x.

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In continuation of their earlier measurements, the PAMELA group reported data on antiproton flux and [Formula: see text] ratios in 2010 at much higher energies. In the past we had dealt with these specific aspects of PAMELA data in great detail and each time we captured the contemporary data-trends quite successfully with the help of a multiple production model of secondary antiprotons with some nonstandard ilk and with some other absolutely standard assumptions and approximations. In this work we aim at presenting a comprehensive and valid description of all the available data on antiproton flux and the nature of [Formula: see text] ratios at the highest energies reported so far by the PAMELA experiment in 2010. The main physical implication of all this would, in the end, be highlighted.

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Çiftçi, A. K., and R. Çiftçi. "General structure of democratic mass matrix of lepton sector in E6 model." Canadian Journal of Physics 96, no. 7 (July 2018): 834–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjp-2017-0783.

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An extension of the Standard Model (SM) fermion sector, which is inspired by the E6 grand unified theory model, may be a good candidate to explain a number of unanswered questions in SM. Existence of the E6 leptons may explain great mass difference of charged and neutral leptons. Also, democracy on mass matrix elements is a natural approach in SM. In this study, we have given general structure of democratic mass matrix of lepton sector in E6 model.

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Jenni, Peter. "Early physics results." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 370, no. 1961 (February 28, 2012): 933–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2011.0463.

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For the past year, experiments at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) have started exploring physics at the high-energy frontier. Thanks to the superb turn-on of the LHC, a rich harvest of initial physics results have already been obtained by the two general-purpose experiments A Toroidal LHC Apparatus (ATLAS) and the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS), which are the subject of this report. The initial data have allowed a test, at the highest collision energies ever reached in a laboratory, of the Standard Model (SM) of elementary particles, and to make early searches Beyond the Standard Model (BSM). Significant results have already been obtained in the search for the Higgs boson, which would establish the postulated electro-weak symmetry breaking mechanism in the SM, as well as for BSM physics such as Supersymmetry (SUSY), heavy new particles, quark compositeness and others. The important, and successful, SM physics measurements are giving confidence that the experiments are in good shape for their journey into the uncharted territory of new physics anticipated at the LHC.

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22

Kawana, Kiyoharu. "Classical conformality in the Standard Model from Coleman’s theory." Modern Physics Letters A 31, no. 31 (September 23, 2016): 1650176. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732316501765.

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The classical conformality (CC) is one of the possible candidates for explaining the gauge hierarchy of the Standard Model (SM). We show that it is naturally obtained from the Coleman’s theory on baby universe.

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Vizgin, Vl P. "METAPHYSICAL ASPECTS OF THE STANDARD MODEL OF THE ELEMENTARY PARTICLES PHYSICS AND THE HISTORY OF ITS CREATION." Metafizika, no. 3 (December 15, 2020): 39–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2224-7580-2020-3-39-56.

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Metaphysical aspects of the standard model (SM) of the modern elementary particles theory are considered. This article briefly views a history of the formation of the SM (from fundamental paper of C. Yang and R. Mills (1954) to the completion of electroweak theory and quantum chromodynamics in the early 1970s). Three groups of the interrelated metaphysical aspects are discussed: local gauge symmetry’s structure of the theory, problem of the truth and reality and the role of the metaphysical factors in the construction of the theory. Scientific-realistic nature of the SM creator’s metaphysical views are emphasized. A. Einstein’s model of the theory’s construction (with “Einstein’s arc”), E. Wigner’s three layer scheme of the structure and the development of the scientific knowledge (with the symmetry principles as a main layer) and S.I. Vavilov’s “mistakability” сonception of the scientific knowledge development are proposed for the study of the metaphysical factors and their role in the formation of the SM.

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CHOUDHURY, S. RAI, A. S. CORNELL, NAVEEN GAUR, and G. C. JOSHI. "SIGNATURES OF NEW PHYSICS IN DILEPTONIC B-DECAYS." International Journal of Modern Physics A 21, no. 12 (May 10, 2006): 2617–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x06029491.

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Leptonic decays of B-mesons are theoretically very clean probes for testing the Standard Model (SM) and possible physics beyond it. Amongst the various leptonic decays of the B-meson, the pure dileptonic decay B → ℓ+ ℓ- is very important, as this mode is helicity suppressed in the SM but can be substantially enhanced in some of the models beyond the SM, such as supersymmetric (SUSY) theories and the two Higgs doublet model (2HDM). Although the purely dileptonic decay mode is helicity suppressed in the SM its associated mode B → ℓ+ ℓ-γ does not have the same suppression, due to the presence of γ in the final state. In this paper we will also analyze the effects of enhanced Z-penguins on these two decay modes.

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Datta, A. "Is there new physics in B decays?" Canadian Journal of Physics 85, no. 6 (June 1, 2007): 607–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p07-066.

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Rare decays of the B meson are sensitive to new physics effects. Several experimental results on these decays have been difficult to understand within the Standard Model (SM) though more precise measurements and a better understanding of SM theory predictions are needed before any firm conclusions can be drawn. In this note we try to understand the present data assuming the presence of new physics. We find that the data points to new physics of an extended Higgs sector and we present a two-Higgs-doublet model with a 2–3 flavor symmetry in the down-type quark sector that can explain the deviations from the Standard Model reported in several rare B decays. PACS Nos.: 11.30.Er, 11.30.Hv, and 13.20.He

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Lagouri, Theodota. "Review on Higgs hidden-dark sector physics." Physica Scripta 97, no. 2 (January 13, 2022): 024001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1402-4896/ac42a6.

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Abstract The Standard Model (SM), while extremely powerful as a description of the strong, electromagnetic and weak interactions, does not provide a natural candidate to explain Dark Matter (DM). Theoretical as well as experimental motivation exists for the existence of a hidden or dark sector of phenomena that couples either weakly or in a special way to SM fields. Hidden sector or dark sector states appear in many extensions to SM to provide a particular candidate DM in the universe or to explain astrophysical observations. If there is such a family of Beyond the Standard Model (BSM) particles and interactions, they may be accessible experimentally at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN and at future High Energy Colliders. In this paper, the main focus is given on selected searches conducted at LHC experiments related to Higgs Hidden-Dark Sector Physics. The current constraints and future prospects of these studies are summarized.

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Ma, Jian-Ping. "Chapter 1 Physics Goal of BES-III." International Journal of Modern Physics A 24, supp01 (May 2009): 3–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x09046412.

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The Standard Model (SM) has been successful at describing all relevant experimental phenomena and, thus, has been generally accepted as the fundamental theory of elementary particle physics. Despite its success, the SM leaves many unanswered questions. These can be classified into two main categories: one for subjects related to possible new physics at unexplored energy scales and the other for nonperturbertive physics, mostly related to Quantum Chromodynamics…

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HEWETT, JOANNE L., and THOMAS G. RIZZO. "$B_s^0 \ndash - \bar B_s^0 $ MIXING IN THE FOUR GENERATION STANDARD MODEL." Modern Physics Letters A 03, no. 10 (August 1988): 975–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732388001148.

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We examine the constraints imposed by recent data on [Formula: see text] mixing, ε′/ε, and |Vub|/|Vcb| on the size of [Formula: see text] mixing in the four generation standard model (SM). We show that, unlike the SM with only three generations, [Formula: see text] mixing need not be maximal in the four generation case. In particular, we show that it is quite likely that [Formula: see text] mixing is smaller than [Formula: see text] mixing.

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AZIZ, TARIQ. "INTERNAL SELF-CONSISTENCY OF WEAK NEUTRAL CURRENT DATA AT LEP/SLC FAVORS PHYSICS BEYOND STANDARD MODEL." Modern Physics Letters A 09, no. 20 (June 28, 1994): 1857–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732394001726.

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The recent measurements of Rb=Γb/Γhad together with other experimentally independent measurements of weak neutral current observables at LEP/SLC, display excellent internal self-consistency if the top dependent [Formula: see text] vertex correction is ignored. Extending this consistency further, the possibility of ignoring even the propagator/oblique corrections is not ruled out. Being a clean top mass indicator within SM, free from Higgs and strong interaction uncertainty, a comparison of Rb with the directly measured top quark mass at Tevatron clearly strengthens the above view. To preserve the weak radiative corrections of SM origin, for which evidence exists from measurements at low energies, independent of LEP/SLC, the most natural choice would be to invoke new radiative corrections of opposite sign from physics beyond SM. We stress that an improved measurement of Rb at LEP/SLC together with the direct measurement of top quark mass at Tevatron will play a clean and decisive role in this direction.

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Chekanov, Sergei, and Walter Hopkins. "Event-Based Anomaly Detection for Searches for New Physics." Universe 8, no. 10 (September 21, 2022): 494. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/universe8100494.

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This paper discusses model-agnostic searches for new physics at the Large Hadron Collider using anomaly-detection techniques for the identification of event signatures that deviate from the Standard Model (SM). We investigate anomaly detection in the context of a machine-learning approach based on autoencoders. The analysis uses Monte Carlo simulations for the SM background and several selected exotic models. We also investigate the input space for the event-based anomaly detection and illustrate the shapes of invariant masses in the outlier region which will be used to perform searches for resonant phenomena beyond the SM. Challenges and conceptual limitations of this approach are discussed.

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Campani, Alice, Valentina Dompè, and Guido Fantini. "Status and Perspectives on Rare Decay Searches in Tellurium Isotopes." Universe 7, no. 7 (June 26, 2021): 212. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/universe7070212.

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Neutrinoless double beta decay (0νββ) is a posited lepton number violating decay whose search is an increasingly active field in modern astroparticle physics. A discovery would imply neutrinos are Majorana particles and inform neutrino physics, cosmology and beyond-standard-model theories. Among the few nuclei where double beta decay (ββ) is allowed, tellurium isotopes stand for their high natural abundance and are currently employed in multiple experiments. The search for 0νββ will provide large exposure data sets in the coming years, paving the way for unprecedented sensitivities. We review the latest rare decay searches in tellurium isotopes and compare past results with theories and prospects from running experiments.

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Vizgin, Vladimir P. "Socio-Cultural Aspects of the Standard Model in Elementary Particles Physics and the History of Its Creation." Epistemology & Philosophy of Science 57, no. 3 (2020): 160–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/eps202057348.

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The article соnsiders the socio-cultural aspects of the standard model (SM) in elementary particle physics and history of its creation. SM is a quantum field gauge theory of electromagnetic, weak and strong interactions, which is the basis of the modern theory of elementary particles. The process of its elaboration covers a twenty-year period: from 1954 (the concept of gauge fields by C. Yang and R. Mills) to the early 1970s., when the construction of renormalized quantum chromodynamics and electroweak theory wеre completed. The socio-cultural aspects of SM are explored on the basis of a quasi-empirical approach, by studying the texts of its creators and participants in the relevant events. We note also the important role of such an “external” factor as large-scale state projects on the creation of nuclear and thermonuclear weapons, which provided personnel and financial support for fundamental research in the field of nuclear physics and elementary particle physics (the implementation of thermonuclear projects took place just in the 1950s, and most of the theorists associated with the creation of SM were simultaneously the main developers of thermonuclear weapons, especially in the USSR). The formation of SM is considered as a competition between two research programs (paradigms) – gauge-field and phenomenological, associated with the rejection of the field concept. The split of the scientific community of physicists associated with this competition is going on during this period. It’s accompanied by a kind of “negotiations”, which in the early 1970s lead to the triumph of the gauge field program and the restoration of the unity of the scientific community. The norms and rules of the scientific ethos played the regulatory role in this process. The scientific-realistic position of the metaphysical attitudes of the majority of theorists and their negative attitude to the concepts of philosophical relativism and social construction of scientific knowledge are emphasized. Some features of the history of SM creation are also noted, such as the positive role of aesthetic judgments; “scientific-school” form of research (in the USSR), its pros and cons; a connection to historical-scientific “drama of ideas” with “dramas of people” who made a wrong choice and (or) “missed their opportunities”.

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33

Sun, Ke-Sheng, Jian-Bin Chen, Xiu-Yi Yang, and Hai-Bin Zhang. "One-loop correction to Z → νν in the minimal R-symmetric supersymmetric Standard Model." Modern Physics Letters A 34, no. 07n08 (March 12, 2019): 1950058. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732319500585.

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We analyze the one-loop correction to [Formula: see text] decay in framework of Minimal R-symmetric Supersymmetric Standard Model (MRSSM) in detail with normal and inverse neutrino mass orderings, as a function of [Formula: see text], Dirac mass parameters [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], slepton mass [Formula: see text] that parametrize the mass matrices. The numerical results indicate that the branching ratio for [Formula: see text] decay is compatible with the experimental measurement and the SM expectation at [Formula: see text] level. For inverse neutrino mass ordering, the prediction exceeds the SM expectation at [Formula: see text] level. The prediction on [Formula: see text] increases proportionally to [Formula: see text] and inversely proportionally to [Formula: see text]. For normal neutrino mass ordering, the peak value of the prediction on [Formula: see text] exceeds the SM expectation at [Formula: see text] level.

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34

Ali, Ahmed. "Precision tests of the Standard Model: Rare B-meson decays." International Journal of Modern Physics A 32, no. 09 (March 23, 2017): 1741015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x17410159.

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The charge given to me by the organisers of the memorial meeting for Prof. Abdus Salam’s 90th birthday is to recall my personal impressions of him and review an aspect of the standard model (SM) physics related to my work. Salam was, first and foremost, a brilliant theoretical physicist whose work is still very much en vogue, currently being tested precisely by the experiments at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). Salam was, however, equally effective as a scientific advisor to many institutions, such as IAEA and CERN, but also to the government of Pakistan as the chief scientific strategist. He was also an untiring advocate of scientific research and higher education in developing countries, which took a concrete form in the International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP) in Trieste. I discuss these aspects of his scientific life seen from my perspective in the first part. In the second part of my talk, which may appear as a disjoint piece to the first, I summarise some selected topics in rare B-decays — the current flavour physics frontier. Experiments carried out over several decades are largely in agreement with the SM, thanks also to dedicated theoretical effort in their interpretation. However, this field is undergoing an anomalous phase in a number of key measurements, in particular reported by LHCb, triggering a very lively debate and model building. These anomalies, which I review here, are too numerous to be ignored, but none is individually significant enough to announce a breakdown of the SM.

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35

Matute, Ernesto A. "Presymmetry in the Standard Model with adulterated Dirac neutrinos." Modern Physics Letters A 30, no. 31 (September 14, 2015): 1550160. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732315501606.

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Recently we proposed a model for light Dirac neutrinos in which two right-handed (RH) neutrinos per generation are added to the particles of the Standard Model (SM), implemented with the symmetry of fermionic contents. The ordinary one is decoupled via the high scale type-I seesaw mechanism, while the extra pairs off with its left-handed (LH) partner. The symmetry of lepton and quark contents was merely used as a guideline to the choice of parameters because it is not a proper symmetry. Here we argue that the underlying symmetry to take for this correspondence is presymmetry, the hidden electroweak symmetry of the SM extended with RH neutrinos defined by transformations which exchange lepton and quark bare states with the same electroweak charges and no Majorana mass terms in the underlying Lagrangian. It gives a topological character to fractional charges, relates the number of families to the number of quark colors, and now guarantees the great disparity between the couplings of the two RH neutrinos. Thus, Dirac neutrinos with extremely small masses appear as natural predictions of presymmetry, satisfying the ’t Hooft’s naturalness conditions in the extended seesaw where the extra RH neutrinos serve to adulterate the mass properties in the low scale effective theory, which retains without extensions the gauge and Higgs sectors of the SM. However, the high energy threshold for the seesaw implies new physics to stabilize the quantum corrections to the Higgs boson mass in agreement with the naturalness requirement.

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36

Abbas, Gauhar. "Right–right–left extension of the Standard Model." Modern Physics Letters A 31, no. 19 (June 21, 2016): 1650117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732316501170.

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A right–right–left extension of the Standard Model is proposed. In this model, SM gauge group [Formula: see text] is extended to [Formula: see text]. The gauge symmetries [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] are the mirror counterparts of the [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], respectively. Parity is spontaneously broken when the scalar Higgs fields acquire vacuum expectation values (VEVs) in a certain pattern. Parity is restored at the scale of [Formula: see text]. The gauge sector has a unique pattern. The scalar sector of the model is optimum, elegant and unique.

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37

Ströher, Hans, Sebastian M. Schmidt, Paolo Lenisa, and Jörg Pretz. "Precision Storage Rings for Electric Dipole Moment Searches: A Tool En Route to Physics Beyond-the-Standard-Model." Particles 6, no. 1 (March 2, 2023): 385–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/particles6010020.

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Electric Dipole Moments (EDM) of particles (leptons, nucleons, and light nuclei) are currently deemed one of the best indicators for new physics, i.e., phenomena which lie outside the Standard Model (SM) of elementary particle physics—so-called physics “Beyond-the-Standard-Model” (BSM). Since EDMs of the SM are vanishingly small, a finite permanent EDM would indicate charge-parity (CP) symmetry violation in addition to the well-known sources of the SM, and could explain the baryon asymmetry of the Universe, while an oscillating EDM would hint at a possible Dark Matter (DM) field comprising axions or axion-like particles (ALPs). A new approach exploiting polarized charged particles (proton, deuteron, 3He) in precision storage rings offers the prospect to push current experimental EDM upper limits significantly further, including the possibility of an EDM discovery. In this paper, we describe the scientific background and the steps towards the realization of a precision storage ring, which will make such measurements possible.

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Moussa, Mohamed. "Constraining unparticle-inspired model parameters using dwarf stars." International Journal of Modern Physics D 30, no. 05 (February 23, 2021): 2150031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271821500310.

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The unparticle-inspired model of gravity suggested by Georgi is based on that the standard model (SM) may contain a massive but scale invariant particles, which can be exchanged between SM massive particles, leading to a new force called ungravity. This would add a perturbed term to the Newtonian law of gravity at low energy. We use the minimum mass of hydrogen burning (MMHB) to constrain the relevant parameters of unparticle inspired model of gravity, on scales [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text].

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Lagouri, Theodota. "Review on Higgs Hidden–Dark Sector Physics at High-Energy Colliders." Symmetry 14, no. 7 (June 22, 2022): 1299. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym14071299.

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The presence of a hidden or dark sector of phenomena that relates either weakly or in a particular way to Standard Model (SM) fields has theoretical as well as experimental support. Many extensions of SM use hidden or dark sector states to propose a specific candidate for dark matter (DM) in the universe or to explain astrophysical findings. If such a family of Beyond the Standard Model (BSM) particles and interactions exists, it is possible that they will be discovered experimentally at CERN’s Large Hadron Collider (LHC, √s≅14 TeV) and future High Energy Colliders. The primary emphasis is on a few examples of searches undertaken at the LHC that are relevant to Higgs Hidden–Dark Sector Physics. These studies’ existing constraints and prospects are also reported.

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GOLDFAIN, ERVIN. "FEIGENBAUM ATTRACTOR AND THE GENERATION STRUCTURE OF PARTICLE PHYSICS." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 18, no. 03 (March 2008): 891–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127408020756.

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The standard model (SM) for high-energy physics describes fundamental interactions between subatomic particles down to a distance scale on the order of 10-18 m. Despite its widespread acceptance, SM operates with a large number of arbitrary parameters whose physical origin is presently unknown. Our work suggests that the generation structure of at least some SM parameters stems from the chaotic regime of renormalization group flow. Invoking the universal route to chaos in systems of nonlinear differential equations, we argue that the hierarchical pattern of parameters amounts to a series of scaling ratios depending on the Feigenbaum constant. Leading order predictions are shown to agree reasonably well with experimental data.

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Robens, Tania. "Two-Real-Singlet-Model Benchmark Planes." Symmetry 15, no. 1 (December 22, 2022): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym15010027.

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In this manuscript, I briefly review the Benchmark Planes in the Two-Real-Singlet Model (TRSM), a model that enhances the Standard Model (SM) scalar sector by two real singlets that obey a Z2⊗Z2′ symmetry. In this model, all fields acquire a vacuum expectation value, such that the model contains in total three CP-even neutral scalars that can interact with each other. All interactions with SM-like particles are inherited from the SM-like doublet via mixing. I remind the readers of the previously proposed benchmark planes and briefly discuss possible production at future Higgs factories, as well as regions in a more generic scan of the model. For these, I also discuss the use of the W-boson mass as a precision observable to determine allowed/excluded regions in the models’ parameter space. This work is an extension of a white paper submitted to the Snowmass process.

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Zhao, Minggang. "New Physics Beryond the SM at BESIII." EPJ Web of Conferences 212 (2019): 06004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201921206004.

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Numerous astrophysical observations strongly suggest the existence of Dark Matter, which provides a hint of dark sector physics. There could exist many dark candidates predicted by theories BSM, such as dark photons and invisible things, that communicate with the Standard Model sector. The masses and decay modes of these particles are expected to be accessible at the BESIII experiment which is the only currently running tau-charm factory with the largest threshold charm samples and some other unique datasets. We have recently performed searches of dark photons and invisible things in several decay modes. Besides, FCNC processes, BNV/LNV processes are also investigated. This talk will summarize the recent results at BESIII on these searches for new physics BSM.

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Mavromatos, Nick E. "Small-Scale Cosmology “Crisis” and Self-Interacting Right-Handed Neutrino Warm Dark Matter." EPJ Web of Conferences 182 (2018): 01001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201818201001.

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In the lecture, I first review the basic problems of the ΔCDM model at small (galactic) scales, also known as “small-scale Cosmology crisis”, namely discrepancies between theoretical simulations and observations. I then argue how systems of righthanded neutrinos (RHN) with masses of order 50 keV in the galaxies can tackle these problems, provided appropriately strong RHN self-interactions are included. Such models may constitute interesting minimal extensions of the Standard Model. Combining galactic phenomenology with other astroparticle physics considerations of such models, one arrives at a narrow range 47 keVc-2 ≤ m ≤ 50 keVc-2 for the allowed mass m of RHN, thereby pointing towards the rôle of such particles as interesteding warm dark matter components.

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LONDON, DAVID. "CP VIOLATION IN THE B SYSTEM: MEASURING NEW-PHYSICS PARAMETERS." International Journal of Modern Physics A 19, no. 31 (December 20, 2004): 5463–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x04022712.

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I review CP violation in the standard model (SM). I also describe the predictions for CP violation in the B system, along with signals for physics beyond the SM. I stress the numerous contributions of Pat O'Donnell to this subject. Finally, I discuss a new method for measuring new-physics parameters in B decays. This knowledge will allow us to partially identify any new physics which is found, before its direct production at high-energy colliders.

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Cao, Jun, and Jie-Fen Shen. "Triple Higgs boson production at ILC in the Higgs triplet model." Modern Physics Letters A 29, no. 23 (July 24, 2014): 1450092. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732314500928.

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Besides the Standard Model (SM)-like Higgs boson h, the Higgs Triplet Model (HTM) predicts the existence of charged and doubly charged Higgs bosons (H±and H±±). In this paper, we focus on the study of the triple Higgs production at the International Linear Collider (ILC): e-e+→hH+H-and e-e+→hH++H–. We present the production cross-sections and discuss the relevant SM backgrounds. Our numerical results show that, with reasonable parameter values, the values of the cross-sections for two processes can reach the level several fb and tens of fb, respectively. Due to large production cross-section and small SM background, the possible signals of H±and H±±might be detected via these processes in the future ILC experiments.

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GROSS, EILAM, and PABLO YEPES. "SM HIGGS BOSON HUNTING AT LEP." International Journal of Modern Physics A 08, no. 03 (January 30, 1993): 407–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x93000175.

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The best Higgs hunting machine ever built, LEP, started operation in the summer of 1989. Since then the mass region explored in searching for the Standard Model Higgs boson has been extended by more than an order of magnitude. An overview of the searches performed by the four LEP collaborations by the end of 1991 is presented.

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Asner, D. M., I. I. Bigi, J. Charles, J. C. Chen, H. Y. Cheng, S. Descotes-Genon, K. L. He, et al. "Charm Physics." International Journal of Modern Physics A 24, supp01 (May 2009): 499–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x09046801.

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Nobody doubts that the discovery of hadrons with charm of the hidden and open variety – i.e. charmonium as well as D mesons – was instrumental in the acceptance of the Standard Model (SM) in general, and of quarks as physical degrees of freedom, rather than objects of mere mathematical convenience, in particular. Yet charm is all too often viewed as a quantum number with a great past and with no particularly interesting future. This is due to SM predictions of a rather dull electroweak phenomenology of CKM parameters, a low frequency for [Formula: see text] oscillations, tiny (at best) CP asymmetries, and extremely rare flavor changing neutral currents which, in any case, are swamped by huge backgrounds from long-distance dynamics…

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Asner, David. "Studying Standard Model-Like Higgs Bosons in Two-Photon Collisions at a Linear Collider." International Journal of Modern Physics A 18, no. 16 (June 30, 2003): 2817–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x03016288.

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We examine the potential for detecting and studying a SM-like Higgs boson in two-photon collisions at a future linear collider. Our study incorporates realistic two-photon spectra based on the most probable available laser technology.

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Khlopov, Maxim Yu. "Removing the conspiracy of BSM physics and BSM cosmology." International Journal of Modern Physics D 28, no. 13 (October 2019): 1941012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271819410128.

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The standard model (SM) of elementary particles finds no contradictions in the experimental data, but appeals to extensions for solutions of its internal problems and physical basis of the modern cosmology. The latter is based on inflationary models with baryosynthesis and dark matter/energy that involves Physics beyond the standard model (BSM) of elementary particles. However, studies of the BSM physical basis of the modern cosmology inevitably reveals additional particle model-dependent cosmological consequences that go beyond the modern standard cosmological model. The mutual relationship of the BSM particle physics basis of the modern cosmology and the nontrivial features of the corresponding cosmological scenario are the subject of this paper.

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Yamawaki, Koichi. "Hidden local symmetry and beyond." International Journal of Modern Physics E 26, no. 01n02 (January 2017): 1740032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301317400328.

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Gerry Brown was a godfather of our hidden local symmetry (HLS) for the vector meson from the birth of the theory throughout his life. The HLS is originated from very nature of the nonlinear realization of the symmetry [Formula: see text] based on the manifold [Formula: see text], and thus is universal to any physics based on the nonlinear realization. Here, I focus on the Higgs Lagrangian of the Standard Model (SM), which is shown to be equivalent to the nonlinear sigma model based on [Formula: see text] with additional symmetry, the nonlinearly-realized scale symmetry. Then, the SM does have a dynamical gauge boson of the SU[Formula: see text] HLS, “SM [Formula: see text] meson”, in addition to the Higgs as a pseudo-dilaton as well as the NG bosons to be absorbed in to the [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. Based on the recent work done with Matsuzaki and Ohki, I discuss a novel possibility that the SM [Formula: see text] meson acquires kinetic term by the SM dynamics itself, which then stabilizes the skyrmion dormant in the SM as a viable candidate for the dark matter, what we call “dark SM skyrmion (DSMS)”.

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