Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Astronomy research'
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1
Whitehouse, Matthew Robert. "Pleiades Visions for Organ Solo: A Composition Supported by Documented Research." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/265366.
Abstract:
Pleiades Visions is a three-movement work for organ solo inspired by indigenous music and mythology associated with the Pleiades (Seven Sisters) star cluster. Three cultural groups are represented in Pleiades Visions. The first movement, entitled "Uluru," draws from Australian Aboriginal music and mythology. The second movement, entitled "...life on other worlds," is based loosely on a Quechan (Yuman) Indian song. The concluding movement, entitled "Mauna Kea," is inspired by the opening lines of the Kumulipo, a creation chant of the Native Hawaiian culture. The source material for Pleiades Visions was identified through research incorporating techniques from the fields of cultural astronomy and ethnomusicology. This research represents a new line of inquiry for both fields. This document situates Pleiades Visions in the context of the organ literature, and suggests that Pleiades Visions might be the first organ work with a cultural astronomy inspiration. It also describes the research undergirding Pleiades Visions, demonstrates the manner in which that research informed the composition of the work, and addresses issues surrounding the use of indigenous source material in a culturally sensitive manner.
2
Bento, Joao Paulo da Silva. "Research and development of ground-based transiting extrasolar planet projects." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2012. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/54441/.
Abstract:
The search for exoplanets has gone from the realm of speculation to being one of the most prolific topics of modern astronomy in the space of just 20 years. In particular, the geometric alignment of transiting exoplanets provides the added opportunity to measure a host of properties of these systems, including studies of planetary atmospheres. The vast majority of known transiting exoplanets to date were found using dedicated ground-based surveys such as the SuperWASP project. Such enterprises comprise of multiple small telescopes designed to perform high-precision photometry over a wide field of view and rely on efficiently compensating for several noise contributions. An analysis of the sources of noise in the SuperWASP light curves was performed, focussing on systematic e↵ects fixed in detector space. A study of a set of detector maps produced from the average of the fractional residuals of the light curves in CCD coordinates has revealed that the current flat-fielding strategy is introducing a component of red noise into the light curves due to the wavelengthdependent nature of the CCDs. The possibility of using such maps as a basis for an additional decorrelation step in the software pipeline is discussed. The next phase in planetary discoveries from ground-based surveys consists of the search for smaller planets and those in longer orbits around their host stars. This process involves an observing strategy that focuses on intensive coverage of particular locations of the sky. We develop simulation software to aid the choice of observed fields for the SuperWASP and Next Generation Transit Survey (NGTS) projects in order to maximise the chances of finding planets at those locations. Moreover, this simulation can be used for comparative studies of the planet finding probability for several design choices and has been used to justify the necessity to commission the NGTS instrument at ESO’s Paranal Observatory in order to benefit from one of the World’s premier sites. The increasing number of known transiting planets has triggered a new phase of exoplanet exploration, in which the properties of the atmospheres of these planets are being explored using techniques such as transmission spectroscopy. This process consists of measuring an enhanced transit depth at particular wavelengths due to the presence of opacity sources in the atmospheres of exoplanets. We use the multiband photometer ULTRACAM to attempt a similar measurement via the technique of transmission photometry for the highly inflated planets WASP-15b and WASP- 17b. The data are found to be dominated by systematic errors and a detailed study of the possible sources is performed.
3
Slater, Stephanie Jean. "The Educational Function of an Astronomy REU Program as Described by Participating Women." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/194774.
Abstract:
The long-running REU-program is tacitly intended to increase retention and provide "an important educational experience" for undergraduates, particularly women, minorities and underrepresented groups. This longitudinal, two-stage study was designed to explore the ways in which REUs acted as educational experiences for 51 women in the field of astronomy, in an attempt to develop a theory of experience related to the REU. Stage-1 consisted of an ex post facto analysis of data collected over 8 years, including multiple interviews with each participant during their REU, annual open-ended alumni surveys, faculty interviews, and extensive field notes. All data were analyzed using a theoretical framework of continuity and interaction, in a search for transformative experiences. Four findings emerged, related to developing understandings of the nature of professional scientific work, the scientific process, the culture of academia, and an understanding of the "self." Analysis provided an initial theory that was used to design the Stage-2 interview protocol. In Stage-2, over 10 hours of interviews were conducted with 8 participants selected for their potential to disconfirm the initial theory. Results indicate that the REU provided a limited impact in terms of participants' knowledge of professional astronomy as a largely computer-based endeavor. The REU did not provide a substantive educational experience related to the nature of scientific work, the scientific process, the culture of academia, participants' conceptions about themselves as situated in science, or other aspects of the "self." Instead, the data suggests that these women began the REU with pre-existing and remarkably strong conceptions in these areas, and that the REU did not functional to alter those states. These conceptions were frequently associated with other mentors/scientist interactions, from middle school into the undergraduate years. Instructors and family members also served as crucial forces in shaping highly developed, stable science identities. Sustained relationships with mentors were particularly transformational. These findings motivate an ongoing research agenda of long-term mentoring relationships for women in the sciences, at a variety of stages and across multiple disciplines.
4
Campbell, Jacob L. "The Development of a Small Scale Radio Astronomy Image Synthesis Array for Research in Radio Frequency Interference Mitigation." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2005. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd1014.pdf.
5
Friedman, Vanessa Ann. "Identifying Long Period Variable (LPV) Stars Using Images from the Stardial Observatory." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/193423.
Abstract:
The study of variable stars is extremely important to the astronomical field of scientific research. Variable stars must be methodically studied, usually by amateur astronomers over a long period of time, in order to provide professional astronomers important data that allows them to further analyze variable star behavior.Variable stars are unique because their pulsation produces visible changes in luminosity. This pulsation allows amateur astronomers to visually observe and identify variable stars. This type of research and study is special because amateurs can make a real contribution to the field.My objective was to become an amateur astronomer in the hopes that I could discover variable stars and contribute my findings to the greater astronomical scientific community. In completing this task, my overall goal was to better understand the true nature of science in order to improve my teaching in a secondary science classroom.
6
Strömbäck, Gustav. "Common misconceptions about everyday astronomy-related phenomena among students in the 9th grade." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Lärarutbildningen (LUT), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-35016.
Abstract:
Students of all ages host a wide variety of scientifically inaccurate ideas and conceptions about everyday astronomical phenomena, such as the seasons, the moon phases, and gravity. The field of Astronomy Education Research has over the last decade experienced an accelerating growth, although the majority of studies have been conducted in the USA. In this work, the 9th grade students of a typical Swedish school were surveyed by means of a questionnaire in order to probe their conceptual understanding of several key concepts in astronomy. In the end, the number of respondents amassed to a total of 90. The results were analyzed with a constructivist approach in light of conceptual change theory and phenomenological primitives. In conjunction to this a postmodern view of the problem in question is presented. The compiled numbers were compared to the results of American high school students found in the large database of A Private Universe Project. The two samples were found to display only minor differences. Most notably, only around one in ten Swedish students could correctly account for the origin of the seasons, and only a very small percentage could point out the true distance-relation between the Earth and the Moon. In addition, approximately half of the students did not know the reason for why the Moon changes phase, and one in every four or five students believes there are stars between the planets in the Solar system. An analysis of the student sample was also made after separating out students who will obtain further education in astronomy in upper secondary school. With only one exception, no differences between the groups were found, suggesting that the misconceptions treated in this survey are present among all groups of students up to a certain educational level. However, in the group not intending to study more astronomy an astonishing 72 % had incorrect beliefs regarding the day/night cycle, indicating a possible fundamental lack of conceptual understanding about one of the most everyday astronomy-related concepts.
7
Wood, David Paul. "Design of a microprocessor-based control system for the Monterey Institute for Research in Astronomy 36 telescope." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/23861.
8
Phelps, Margot Hensler. "Hydroxide catalysis and indium bonding research for the design of ground-based gravitational wave detectors." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2018. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/30604/.
Abstract:
In 2015, a gravitational wave (GW) signal from a binary black hole merger passed through the arms of the US-based Advanced LIGO (aLIGO) interferometers, resulting in the first direct detection of gravitational waves. This long-awaited observation made worldwide news one hundred years after Einstein first predicted the existence of GWs in 1916. Since the first detection, four more binary black hole inspiral events have been detected, as well as the ground-breaking GW observation of a binary neutron star inspiral. To detect these signals, ground-based GW detectors like aLIGO and the French-Italian detector, Advanced Virgo, need to be sensitive to changes in separation of close to 10^-19m between freely suspended test masses spaced up to 4km apart. This has always been a challenge to achieve, thus 50 years of technological developments were needed to make these first detections possible. Following the first observations of coalescing black holes and neutron stars, it is essential to pursue technological advancements that improve the sensitivities of ground-based detectors. Doing so will increase the signal-to-noise ratio of future detectors, which will allow for the better extraction of astrophysical source parameters. Observing more types of astrophysical sources, and at greater distances from the Earth will further the field of GW astronomy. One such area of advancement is to pair the operation of detectors at cryogenic temperatures with improvements in mirror and suspension design, with the aim of improving sensitivities by lessening the effects of thermal noise. Fused silica, currently used for the mirror substrates and suspension fibre elements in all detectors that operate at room temperature, cannot be used in detectors that operate at cryogenic temperatures due to its unfavourable thermo-mechanical properties. Thus a change of mirror substrate and suspension material is necessary for the construction of cryogenic detectors. There are two promising candidates for cryogenic mirrors and suspension elements, sapphire and silicon. Currently one cryogenic detector, the Japan-based KAGRA observatory, is under construction using sapphire as a material for its mirrors and some suspension elements. Other future detectors currently in the design phase, such as the Einstein Telescope (ET) in Europe and Voyager, in the USA may use silicon or sapphire material in their mirror suspensions. In all ground-based detectors the test masses are supported in multi-stage pendulum suspensions, where the last stages are quasi-monolithic. In the quasi-monolithic stage, the test masses are suspended from penultimate masses via fibres, welded to an interface piece, or "ear". Currently these ears are connected to the test masses using a method called hydroxide catalysis bonding, which creates a strong, low noise joint. This bonding technique has been used successfully in room temperature detectors for 17 years. This thesis details research into hydroxide catalysis bonding, with a focus on its use to create cryogenic crystalline suspensions for future ground-based detectors. The use of indium as an alternative bonding technology for joints in low temperature crystalline suspensions is also investigated. The aim of this study is to research possible ways to implement indium bonding into suspension design along with hydroxide catalysis bonds to create a more versatile and easily repairable system. This work was completed with the aim of investigating novel ways of implementing bond techniques into GW detectors, and studying their material properties. The breaking stress and stability of different bond technologies were investigated, as well as their thermal noise levels and impact on overall detector sensitivity. The majority of substrate materials used in this thesis were sapphire and silicon, as these are the two materials of choice for use in future cryogenic detectors. Measurements of the Young's modulus of hydroxide catalysis bonds between fused silica were also completed and used to model the thermal noise contribution of bonds in a prototype test mass for the possible room temperature upgrade to aLIGO, A+. In Chapter 1 an overview of the field of gravitational wave research is given. An explanation of GW sources and a history of the different types of ground-based GW detectors are summarised here, with a focus on Michelson-type interferometric detectors, used to make the first direct GW detections. The noise sources that affect the sensitivity of interferometric detectors are also reviewed. In Chapter 2 there is a summary of several different bonding techniques that could be considered for making joints between the test masses and suspension elements of GW detectors. The mechanisms of bond formation as well as the advantages and disadvantages to each approach are covered, especially in the context of the requirements for use in a GW detector. Finally hydroxide catalysis and indium bonding are introduced as possible techniques to join the suspension and mirror elements in GW detectors. In Chapter 3 the breaking stresses of hydroxide catalysis bonds between c-plane sapphire substrates as a function of time is studied. The aim of this experiment is twofold. The breaking stress of bonds that have been allowed to cure for shorter lengths of time is investigated to gain insight into the chemical processes of the bonds as they develop. Additionally, it is crucial to know the breaking stress over longer periods of curing time to be assured that they will not fail in the long term. In fact, this study found that hydroxide catalysis bonded sapphire shows an initial drop in breaking stress, which then levelled off at 15-16MPa. These results agree with similar trends found in shorter curing time tests on sapphire and fused silica completed in the past. In Chapter 4 the effect of crystal orientation on the tensile strength of hydroxide catalysis bonded sapphire is investigated. Specifically, the breaking stress of bonds between a-a and m-m planes of sapphire jointed with hydroxide catalysis bonds is studied, using samples of the same geometry and jointed using the same bonding procedures as those presented in Chapter 3. These samples were allowed to cure at room temperature for 4 weeks, then the samples were strength tested. The breaking stresses were recorded and compared with the breaking stress results of c-c plane sapphire, also cured for 4 weeks at room temperature, reported in the previous chapter. In Chapter 5 a non-destructive technique of measuring the Young's modulus of hydroxide catalysis bonds between silica and between sapphire is developed. This approach uses acoustic pulses from an ultrasonic transducer transmitted through the bonded samples, and the portion of the acoustic wave that is reflected back from the embedded bond layer is recorded and studied. The bond Young's modulus was extracted from the data by analysis of the amplitudes of the acoustic pulses reflected from the bonds. A Young's modulus value of 15.3+/-5.2GPa for \hcbed sapphire and 21.5+/-6.6GPa for bonded fused silica was found with this approach. A Bayesian analysis model of the reflected acoustic signal and the underlying noise background was developed to analyse the low SNR signals of bonds between fused silica. A value of 18.5+/-2GPa, with a 90% confidence range was found with this approach, agreeing well with the results from the pulse amplitude analysis. In Chapter 6 the new Young's modulus value found in Chapter 5 is used to assess the mechanical loss and thermal noise budgets of hydroxide catalysis bonds in different mirror suspension geometries. Two room temperature test masses were modelled; a bonded aLIGO mass and a bonded prototype test mass, of a design suitable for use in A+. Three different cryogenic masses were also modelled; first a sapphire KAGRA mass, followed by a prototype sapphire ET mass, and a prototype silicon ET mass.The thermal noise budgets of the bonds in all of these cases were found to be below the anticipated technical noise requirement for bonds, which is based on each detector's current design sensitivity curves. This indicates that hydroxide catalysis bonds are suitable for use in current detectors and for the design of future ones. In Chapter 7 different approaches to creating indium bonding procedures for use in cryogenic ground-based detectors are studied. Hybrid suspension designs that utilize both indium and hydroxide catalysis bonding are being considered in cryogenic detector designs such as KAGRA or ET. It is proposed that the \hydroxide catalysis bonds would be used to fix the test masses to the suspension elements. This takes advantage of their high breaking stress under shear and peeling, as has been successfully demonstrated in the past for room temperature detectors such as Virgo, aLIGO, or the Germany-based detector GEO600. Indium's low tensile strength means it cannot be used as a joint under tensile or shear load. However it is being considered for use in compressive joints, such as between the fibres and ears or between the fibres and blade springs. This would be done for contingency reasons, since indium can be de-bonded and re-bonded relatively easily, whereas hydroxide catalysis bonds cannot. In the event of a fibre break or a test mass upgrade, the whole bonded test mass assembly could be removed by de-bonding the indium bond interface. It could then be replaced by re-bonding it, making it a good option for future cryogenic mirror suspensions. Two indium bonding approaches are investigated, diffusion bonding and induction bonding. In both cases the substrates used were polished silicon, and the indium layers between them were made with different combinations of thin thermally deposited films and foils. The tensile strength and a post-break visual inspection of the indium bonds were used as a standard by which to judge bond quality and repeatability.
9
Hunt, Maria, University of Western Sydney, of Science Technology and Environment College, and School of Engineering and Industrial Design. "Molecules in southern molecular clouds: a millimetre-wave study of dense cores." THESIS_CSTE_EID_Hunt_M.xml, 2001. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/116.
Abstract:
This thesis presents an observational study of molecular abundances in the dense cores of 27 prominent molecular clouds in the southern galactic plane.The molecular abundances and physical conditions in dense condensations have been derived from millimetre-wavelength observations of molecular rotational transitions.The study has produced a comprehensive data set of transition intensities and abundances for 10 different molecules in bright southern molecular clouds, and the general characteristics of emissions from these molecules such as optical depth, excitation and relative abundances are discussed. A comparison of different methods of calculating molecular hydrogen column density from observations of carbon monoxide emission is included.Both the analysis and the data collected provide an excellent starting point for further observational and theoretical studies of molecular clouds in the southern Milky Way utilising new instruments such as the millimeter-wave upgrade to the Australia Telescope Compact Array and the Attacama Large Millimetre Array (ALMA).Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
10
Ahmadi, Morteza, and University of Lethbridge Faculty of Arts and Science. "Aspects of black hole physics." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Faculty of Arts and Science, 2006, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/386.
Abstract:
In this thesis, aspects of the physics of black holes are reviewed and new results in
black hole thermodynamics are presented. First, general black hole solutions of Einstein’s equations of general relativity are mentioned and a proof of conservation law of energy and momentum in general relativity is presented. Aspects of the laws of black hole mechanics and Hawking radiation are then studied. Two proposals which attempt to explain the origin of black hole entropy (the brick wall model and entanglement entropy) are then discussed. Finally, some recent work related to the possible production and detection of black holes in colliders is presented.viii, 141 leaves ; 29 cm.
11
Spoto, D., O. Cosentino, and F. Fiorica. "Transmed, a Scientific Mission Based on Stratospheric Balloons Using S-Band Telemetry Telecommand." International Foundation for Telemetering, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/611634.
Abstract:
International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 30-November 02, 1995 / Riviera Hotel, Las Vegas, NevadaAfter briefly presenting the TRANSMED mission, the configuration of the Telemetry and Telecommand links is illustrated and the their dimensioning is analyzed. Both links operate at S-band with satellite grade standards. The system composition, the main equipment and the system growth potential are thereafter presented.
12
Eriksson, Urban. "Reading the sky : from starspots to spotting stars." Doctoral thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Avdelningen för Naturvetenskap, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-13268.
Abstract:
This thesis encompasses two research fields in astronomy: astrometry and astronomy education and they are discussed in two parts. These parts represent two sides of a coin; astrometry, which is about constructing 3D representations of the Universe, and AER, where for this thesis, the goal is to investigate university students’ and lecturers’ disciplinary discernment vis-à-vis the structure of the Universe and extrapolating three-dimensionality. Part I presents an investigation of stellar surface structures influence on ultra-high-precision astrometry. The expected effects in different regions of the HR-diagram were quantified. I also investigated the astrometric effect of exoplanets, since astrometric detection will become possible with projects such as Gaia. Stellar surface structures produce small brightness variations, influencing integrated properties such as the total flux, radial velocity and photocenter position. These properties were modelled and statistical relations between the variations of the different properties were derived. From the models it is clear that for most stellar types the astrometric jitter due to stellar surface structures is expected to be of order 10 μAU or greater. This is more than the astrometric displacement typically caused by an Earth-sized exoplanet in the habitable zone, which is about 1–4 μAU, making astrometric detection difficult. Part II presents an investigation of disciplinary discernment at the university level. Astronomy education is a particularly challenging experience for students because discernment of the ‘real’ Universe is problematic, making interpretation of the many disciplinary-specific representations used an important educational issue. The ability to ‘fluently’ discern the disciplinary affordances of these representations becomes crucial for the effective learning of astronomy. To understand the Universe I conclude that specific experiences are called. Simulations could offer these experiences, where parallax motion is a crucial component. In a qualitative study, I have analysed students’ and lecturers’ discernment while watching a simulation video, and found hierarchies that characterize the discernment in terms of three-dimensionality extrapolation and an Anatomy of Disciplinary Discernment. I combined these to define a new construct: Reading the Sky. I conclude that this is a vital competency needed for learning astronomy and suggest strategies for how to implement this in astronomy education.
13
Baleisis, Audra. "Joining a Discourse Community: How Graduate Students Learn to Speak like Astronomers." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/193776.
Abstract:
Almost half of all graduate students leave their doctoral programs without finishing. Who leaves, taking which skills and strengths with them, is still poorly understood, however, because it is hard to measure exactly what graduate students learn in their doctoral programs. Since the expertise required of a PhD holder is highly dependent on discipline, the development of a better understanding of graduate education and attrition requires studying the process at the departmental level.This is a qualitative study of the cultural values and norms of academic astronomy, as transmitted through the socialization of graduate students into giving talks, asking questions, and participating in departmental speaking events. This study also looks at the conflicts that arise when implicit cultural norms, which are practiced but remain unacknowledged, are inconsistent with the official, explicit values and norms for speaking in astronomy.Doctoral students and faculty members in a single astronomy department, at a large western university, filled out a short survey about the stakes involved in astronomy speaking events. A subset of these individuals was interviewed in-depth about the goals of, and their experiences with, five departmental speaking events: Coffee Hour, Journal Club, research talks, Thesis defense talks, and Colloquia. These interviewees were: (1) graduate students who had given a verbal presentation at one of these events, and (2) graduate students and faculty members who were in the audience at a graduate student's presentation.The desired outcomes which were expressed for these speaking events included: (1) lively, informal discussion among all participants, (2) increasing graduate student verbal participation in these events as they "learn to speak like astronomers," and (3) the utility of these events in helping graduate students learn and practice their speaking and reasoning skills related to astronomy research. In practice these goals were not achieved due to: (1) the ubiquitous, but unacknowledged practice of judging others' speech performance to come to negative conclusions about those individuals' intentions, intellectual abilities or efforts, (2) a lack of feedback for graduate students on their verbal performances, and (3) a lack of faculty members making explicit their own solutions to the inherent dilemmas of academic speaking.
14
Samtani, Laxman Ashok. "Technology transfer evaluation in the high technology industry : an interdisciplinary perspective." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2010. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/48492/1/Laxman_Samtani_Thesis.pdf.
Abstract:
The underlying objective of this study was to develop a novel approach to evaluate the potential for commercialisation of a new technology. More specifically, this study examined the 'ex-ante'. evaluation of the technology transfer process. For this purpose, a technology originating from the high technology sector was used. The technology relates to the application of software for the detection of weak signals from space, which is an established method of signal processing in the field of radio astronomy. This technology has the potential to be used in commercial and industrial areas other than astronomy, such as detecting water leakages in pipes. Its applicability to detecting water leakage was chosen owing to several problems with detection in the industry as well as the impact it can have on saving water in the environment. This study, therefore, will demonstrate the importance of interdisciplinary technology transfer. The study employed both technical and business evaluation methods including laboratory experiments and the Delphi technique to address the research questions. There are several findings from this study. Firstly, scientific experiments were conducted and these resulted in a proof of concept stage of the chosen technology. Secondly, validation as well as refinement of criteria from literature that can be used for „ex-ante. evaluation of technology transfer has been undertaken. Additionally, after testing the chosen technology.s overall transfer potential using the modified set of criteria, it was found that the technology is still in its early stages and will require further development for it to be commercialised. Furthermore, a final evaluation framework was developed encompassing all the criteria found to be important. This framework can help in assessing the overall readiness of the technology for transfer as well as in recommending a viable mechanism for commercialisation. On the whole, the commercial potential of the chosen technology was tested through expert opinion, thereby focusing on the impact of a new technology and the feasibility of alternate applications and potential future applications.
15
Damiani, Francesca. "Research, teaching and science popularization in the XVIII century: an analysis of the correspondence of Jacopo Belgrado with Giovanni Poleni." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/24843/.
Abstract:
Europoleni is a project promoted by the Centre for Correspondence and Diary Studies (CECJI) of the University of Brest, France. Its purpose is to digitalize the correspondence of the physicist Giovanni Poleni (1683-1761), the first professor of experimental physics at the Physics Cabinet of Padova. The letters he exchanged with Jacopo Belgrado (1704-1789), mathematics and physics professor, Jesuit abbot and founder of the astronomical observatory of Parma, have been transcribed and analyzed for this thesis. They will be then encoded to be available online, completed with a report of their scientific contents. Thanks to this work, it has been possible, besides widening the knowledge about Poleni, to bring back to light the figure of Belgrado. Not so many sources are available about this fascinating character, tirelessly busy on the spiritual and scientific fronts. Careful research allowed to study his life, works and experiments, and to contextualize them in the Enlightenment movement of the eighteenth century. Through this thesis, guided by his letter exchange with his colleague and friend Giovanni Poleni, we will discover the main steps of Belgrado’s lifeworks.
16
Costa, Vincenzo. "Study of protoplanet migration processes in sub-Keplerian conditions through SPH hydrodynamic simulations." Thesis, Universita' degli Studi di Catania, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10761/333.
Abstract:
The interest on exo-planetary systems has been growing for the last years, due to the improvements on the observational techniques used to detect extra-solar planets.
According to current theories, protoplanets-disc interaction plays a major role in determining the final masses and orbits of the newly born planets, through the protoplanets migration processes.
The formation of giant planets (Jupiter like) in particular should be contextual to their quick migration on a time-scale in the order of 10^5 years.
Such a time-scale should be smaller by an order of magnitude than that of gas accretion onto the protoplanet during the hierarchical growing-up of protoplanets by collisions with other minor objects.
These arguments have been analysed recently using N-body and/or fluid-dynamics simulations or a mixing of them.
An initial Keplerian distribution of the gas particles velocities is a common assumption. But consistent deviations from a perfect Keplerian kinematics, can occur. Both pressure forces and dissipative effects due to shock occurrence in accretion processes, produce a general sub-Keplerian kinematics, even in non viscous fluid dynamics.
In this work, inviscid 2D simulations are performed, using the SPH method, to study the migration of one or two protoplanets, to evaluate the effectiveness of the accretion disc in the protoplanet(s) dragging towards the central star, as a function of the mass of the planet(s) and of the disc tangential kinematics.
Both sub-Keplerian and Keplerian kinematic conditions are considered. The aim is to develop a parameter study of protoplanetary migration if moderate and consistent deviations from Keplerian kinematics occur.
For single planet systems, migration times of a few orbital periods for Earth-like planets in sub-Keplerian conditions are obtained, while for Jupiter-like planets estimates suggest that about 10^4 orbital periods occur until the orbital size is reduced to about a half of its initial value.
For two-planets systems, results show a quite general radial migration of the two protoplanets towards the inner radial zones of the disc. In sub-Keplerian disc kinematics the time-scale of the whole radial transport is mainly ruled by planet-disc interaction.
Gravitational radial oscillations (GRO) of each component of the two-planets system are also observed as expected in systems with two Jovian planets. In the case of one internal Jovian planet and an external Terrestrial planet, a slingshot effect may occur.
17
Puglia, Sebastiana Maria Regina. "The resonant cross sections of 10,11B(p,a) reactions at astrophysical energies: indirect measurements via the THM." Thesis, Universita' degli Studi di Catania, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10761/361.
Abstract:
The study of the nucleosynthesis of the light elements, Lithium, Beryllium and Boron, plays a key role in understanding of several astrophysical problems related to cosmology as well as to stellar structure and evolution. Moreover, the knowledge of their abundances can be a precious tool for the investigation of the inner stellar structure, especially to understand the mixing processes in stellar plasma. These elements, LiBeB, are mainly destroyed in stellar interior through (p,alpha) reactions induced at temperature of the order of 106 K, corresponding to the Gamow energy EG of a few keV's. In this energy region the direct determination of the cross section for charged particle induced reactions is affected by the presence of the Coulomb barrier between the interacting nuclei, and by the electron screening effect. Thus, precise measurements of the cross section for such processes are very complex and sometimes not possible. In the thesis, is presented the study of the 10B(p,alpha)7Be and 11B(p,alpha)8Be reactions which are the main responsible for the Boron destruction in stellar environments. The study of these reactions has been performed by means of the indirect Trojan Horse Method, that allows to overcome the effects due to the presence of the Coulomb barrier and electron screening. The method provides the bare nucleus two-body astrophysical-factor in the energy region of interest for astrophysics, from the quasi-free (QF) contribution of a suitable three-body reaction. The approach allows to avoid the extrapolation, usually made on the direct measurements. The experimental procedure and the results regarding the extracted Sb(E)-factor are reported in the thesis, as well as the electron screening potential Ue determined by means of the comparison with direct data.Lo studio della nucleo sintesi degli elementi leggeri, Litio, Berillio e Boro, svolge un ruolo fondamentale nella comprensione di alcuni problemi astrofisici legati sia alla cosmologia, che alla comprensione della struttura e dell'evoluzione stellare. Inoltre la conoscenza delle abbondanze di tali elementi puo' costituire un prezioso strumento nell'indagine della struttura interna stellare , in particolare nella comprensione dei processi di mixing che avvengono nel plasma stellare. Nelle stelle in fase quiescente, questi elementi,LiBeB, vengono distrutti principalmente attraverso reazioni (p, alpha) indotte alla temperatura dell'ordine di 106 K, corrispondente all'energia di Gamow EG di qualche keV. In questa regione energetica la determinazione diretta della sezione d'urto per reazioni indotte da particelle cariche influenzata dalla presenza della barriera Coulombiana tra i nuclei interagenti, e dall'effetto di screening elettronico. Pertanto per questi processi le misure della sezione d'urto sono molto complesse e a volte non realizzabili. Nella tesi,e' riportato lo studio delle reazioni 10B (p,alpha) 7Be e 11B(p,alpha)8BE che sono le principali reazioni nucleari responsabili della distruzione di Boro in ambiente stellare. Lo studio di queste reazioni e' stato eseguito attraverso il metodo indiretto del Trojan Horse (THM), che permette di superare gli effetti dovuti alla presenza della barriera colombiana e di screening elettronico. Tale metodo fornisce il fattore astrofisico di nucleo nudo Sb(E) nella regione energetica di interesse per l'astrofisica, dalla selezione del contributo quasi-libero (QF) di una opportuna reazione a tre corpi. L' approccio consente di evitare l'estrapolazioni, che di norma vengono usate nelle misure dirette. Nella tesi viene riportata in dettaglio, per entrambe le reazioni suddette, la procedura sperimentale e vengono inoltre mostrati i risultati ottenuti, sia del fattore astrofisico S b(E) che del potenziale di screening elettronico Ue.
18
Upton, Brianna M. "Assessing the Effectiveness of Studio Physics at Georgia State University." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2010. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/phy_astr_theses/10.
Abstract:
Previous studies have shown that many students have misconceptions about basic concepts in physics which persist after instruction. It has been concluded that one of the challenges lies in the teaching methodology. To address this, Georgia State University (GSU) has begun teaching studio algebra-based physics. Although many institutions have implemented studio physics, most have done so in calculus-based sequences. Additionally, the unique environment of GSU’s population as a diverse, urban research institution is considered. The effectiveness of the studio approach for this demographic in an algebra-based introductory physics course was assessed. This five-semester pilot study presents demographic survey results and compares the results of student pre- and post-tests using the Force Concept Inventory (FCI). FCI results show that 1) the studio approach yields higher learning gains than the conventional course, 2) there are significant performance differences among ethnic groups, and 3) a gender gaps exists regardless of instructional method.
19
Meyers, Margaret B. "Telling the Stars: A Quantitative Approach to Assessing the Use of Folk Tales in Science Education." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2005. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1090.
Abstract:
This research examines the impact of paired folk tales and science explanations on students in third through sixth grades who viewed program modules from the SkyTeller Project of Lynn Moroney and the Lunar and Planetary Institute of Houston, Texas. The audience consisted of over 3500 students in eight locations in the United States. Because few quantitative studies have been conducted to examine the use of stories in science education, the development of an instrument to assess students' attitudes toward science and stories forms a major part of this research. During the final stage of testing, the revised instrument and methods found significant increase in positive attitude toward science after the presentations. Questionnaires, telephone calls, and on-site visits with program presenters and teachers confirmed quantitative results. Despite the difficulties of conducting large-scale studies and the traditionally small response compliance, quantitative assessment can provide useful information for evaluating storytelling media.
20
Martin, Claudette. "Examining Visitor Attitudes and Motivations at a Space Science Centre." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Vetenskapskommunikation, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-1162.
Abstract:
The H.R. MacMillan Space Centre is a multi-faceted organization whose mission is to educate, inspire and evoke a sense of wonder about the universe, our planet and space exploration. As a popular, Vancouver science centre, it faces the same range of challenges and issues as other major attractions: how does the Space Centre maintain a healthy public attendance in an increasingly competitive market where visitors continue to be presented with an increasingly rich range of choices for their leisure spending and entertainment dollars?This front-end study investigated visitor attitudes, thoughts and preconceptions on the topic of space and astronomy. It also examined visitors’ motivations for coming to a space science centre. Useful insights were obtained which will be applied to improve future programme content and exhibit development.
21
Hunt, Maria. "Molecules in southern molecular clouds: a millimetre-wave study of dense cores." Thesis, View thesis View thesis, 2001. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/116.
Abstract:
This thesis presents an observational study of molecular abundances in the dense cores of 27 prominent molecular clouds in the southern galactic plane.The molecular abundances and physical conditions in dense condensations have been derived from millimetre-wavelength observations of molecular rotational transitions.The study has produced a comprehensive data set of transition intensities and abundances for 10 different molecules in bright southern molecular clouds, and the general characteristics of emissions from these molecules such as optical depth, excitation and relative abundances are discussed. A comparison of different methods of calculating molecular hydrogen column density from observations of carbon monoxide emission is included.Both the analysis and the data collected provide an excellent starting point for further observational and theoretical studies of molecular clouds in the southern Milky Way utilising new instruments such as the millimeter-wave upgrade to the Australia Telescope Compact Array and the Attacama Large Millimetre Array (ALMA).
22
Rubio, da Costa Fatima. "Solar Chromospheric Flares: Observations in Ly-alpha and H-alpha and Radiative Hydrodynamic Simulations." Thesis, Università degli Studi di Catania, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10761/213.
Abstract:
This thesis is divided into two main parts: a multi-wavelength observational study of solar flares, focusing mainly in the chromosphere in Ly-alpha and H-alpha, and an application of a radiative transfer code and a radiative hydrodynamic code, to compare the results obtained by observations with the simulated ones.
The Ly-alpha emission is a very interesting line because it is a natural tracer of the solar activity in the chromosphere. The Transition Region And Coronal Explorer satellite observed a small number of flares in the Ly-alpha passband, but apart from this, these events have not often been observed in this strong chromospheric line. Because TRACE has a broad Ly-alpha channel, in order to estimate the ``pure'' Ly-alpha emission, we had to apply an empirical correction.
We found that there is a reasonable coverage in TRACE 1216 A and the TRACE 1600 A for two different flares: on 8 September 1999 and on 28 February 1999. Studying them we estimated, for the first time, the pure Ly-alpha flare signature, being on the order of 10^{25} erg/s at the flare peak.
The study of the first flare gave us the possibility to calculate the electron energy budget using the X-ray data from Yohkoh/HXT in the context of the collisional thick target model, finding that the Ly-$\alpha$ power is less than 10% of the power inferred by the electrons.
The morphology and evolution of the second flare were described in different wavelengths by using imaging data acquired by TRACE and by BBSO in white light and in H-alpha. We studied the magnetic topology using the magnetic field provided by SOHO/MDI, extrapolating the photospheric magnetic field lines, assuming a potential field. We found different morphologies in the magnetic configuration before and after the flare, confirming the occurrence of a reconnection process.
The H-alpha line is the most important line in the chromosphere. We studied the H-alpha emission of a flare which occurred on 3 July 2002 using some spectroscopical observations from the Ondrejov Observatory. Analyzing the available data in other wavelengths, we made a morphological study of the active region from three hours before the flare to seven hours after it.
The results obtained by observations, both in the form of integrated intensity as a function of time, and detailed line profiles, motivated the second part of the thesis. In this, we used a radiative transfer code applying different atmospheric models as input parameters in order to compute the hydrogen spectral lines and study how they are affected by the temperature and microturbulent stratification. In particular, the intensity of the Ly-alpha and H-alpha lines is related to the temperature stratification of the atmospheric model, the position of the transition region being a key factor. The variation of the microturbulent velocity does not significantly affect the resulting intensities, but we observed that an increase of the microturbulent velocity broadens the line profiles.The RADYN Radiative HydroDynamic code was applied to solar flares, modelling a flare loop from its footpoints in the photosphere to its apex in the corona by adding non-thermal heating at the lower atmosphere and soft X-ray irradiation. The majority of this work was to deal with investigating the dynamical response of the solar chromosphere to energy injected in the form of non-thermal electrons during solar flares. We studied the flare energy transport and radiation production in the chromosphere as well as the H-alpha and Ly-alpha emission. The Ly-alpha intensity is affected by the flux of the initial beam of electrons injected at the top of the loop, while the H-alpha intensity appears to be less affected by the flare model. Comparing the observational results in Ly-alpha and H-alpha with the computed ones from the radiative code and the RADYN code, we found that the RADYN code fits better the H-alpha intensities to the observations than the Ly-alpha intensities, concluding that the code gives a better description of processes in the lower chromosphere than those in the upper layers.
23
Jiang, Feng. "Capturing event metadata in the sky : a Java-based application for receiving astronomical internet feeds : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Computer Science in Computer Science at Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand." Massey University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/897.
Abstract:
When an astronomical observer discovers a transient event in the sky, how can the information be immediately shared and delivered to others? Not too long time ago, people shared the information about what they discovered in the sky by books, telegraphs, and telephones. The new generation of transferring the event data is the way by the Internet. The information of astronomical events is able to be packed and put online as an Internet feed. For receiving these packed data, an Internet feed listener software would be required in a terminal computer. In other applications, the listener would connect to an intelligent robotic telescope network and automatically drive a telescope to capture the instant Astrophysical phenomena. However, because the technologies of transferring the astronomical event data are in the initial steps, the only resource available is the Perl-based Internet feed listener developed by the team of eSTAR. In this research, a Java-based Internet feed listener was developed. The application supports more features than the Perl-based application. After applying the rich Java benefits, the application is able to receive, parse and manage the Internet feed data in an efficient way with the friendly user interface. Keywords: Java, socket programming, VOEvent, real-time astronomy
24
Lee, Annette. "The effects on student knowledge and engagement when using a culturally responsive framework to teach ASTR 101." University of the Western Cape, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7274.
Abstract:
Philosophiae Doctor - PhDThe U.S. has a problem: it is not effectively utilizing all the bright young minds available to its science & engineering workforce. In 2012 the President’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology (PCAST) reported that a million more STEM professionals in the U.S. workforce were needed over the next decade. PCAST reported that the situation is far worse for underrepresented students, who make up 70% of undergraduate students but only 45% of the STEM degrees. Recent reports suggest women in science and engineering have made small gains, while historically underrepresented ethnic groups (Blacks, Hispanics, American Indians) continue to be significantly underrepresented. The lack of diversity in the U.S. workforce is not reflected in the USA population nor is it reflected in the undergraduate student population. As the U.S. aspires to retain a leadership role in research and development in an increasingly diverse and globally interconnected society, this disparity is unsustainable. What if having more culturally interesting, more culturally responsive STEM classes is a way of increasing the diversity of the science and engineering workforce in the U.S.? This study focuses on a topic that has been generally overlooked by the STEM educational community, but one that is directly relevant to student engagement and learning outcomes: the role of culture as a variable in student learning. This study examines how different pedagogical approaches shape student outcomes in Astronomy 101 courses. In a comparative study two different pedagogical approaches were analyzed using both quantitative and qualitative methods in a semiexperimental nonequivalent group research design. The theories of culturally responsive pedagogy (CRP), active learning theory in STEM, and Indigenous knowledge systems (IKS) ground this approach. The findings of this study show important gains for all students. Underrepresented minority students (URM) in the course with increased culturally responsive pedagogy were exceptionally engaged and learning gains soared. By measure of the concept inventory, the URM students in the course with increased culturally responsive pedagogy outperformed all other students in the study. As the U.S. will have a non-white majority by the year 2045 and diversity in STEM faculty lags there is a need for tangible, evidence-based, culture-based curriculum and pedagogy. There is a problem and based on the evidence found in this study, there is a way to fix it.
The U.S. has a problem: it is not effectively utilizing all the bright young minds available to its science & engineering workforce. In 2012 the President’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology (PCAST) reported that a million more STEM professionals in the U.S. workforce were needed over the next decade. PCAST reported that the situation is far worse for underrepresented students, who make up 70% of undergraduate students but only 45% of the STEM degrees. Recent reports suggest women in science and engineering have made small gains, while historically underrepresented ethnic groups (Blacks, Hispanics, American Indians) continue to be significantly underrepresented. The lack of diversity in the U.S. workforce is not reflected in the USA population nor is it reflected in the undergraduate student population. As the U.S. aspires to retain a leadership role in research and development in an increasingly diverse and globally interconnected society, this disparity is unsustainable. What if having more culturally interesting, more culturally responsive STEM classes is a way of increasing the diversity of the science and engineering workforce in the U.S.? This study focuses on a topic that has been generally overlooked by the STEM educational community, but one that is directly relevant to student engagement and learning outcomes: the role of culture as a variable in student learning. This study examines how different pedagogical approaches shape student outcomes in Astronomy 101 courses. In a comparative study two different pedagogical approaches were analyzed using both quantitative and qualitative methods in a semiexperimental nonequivalent group research design. The theories of culturally responsive pedagogy (CRP), active learning theory in STEM, and Indigenous knowledge systems (IKS) ground this approach. The findings of this study show important gains for all students. Underrepresented minority students (URM) in the course with increased culturally responsive pedagogy were exceptionally engaged and learning gains soared. By measure of the concept inventory, the URM students in the course with increased culturally responsive pedagogy outperformed all other students in the study. As the U.S. will have a non-white majority by the year 2045 and diversity in STEM faculty lags there is a need for tangible, evidence-based, culture-based curriculum and pedagogy. There is a problem and based on the evidence found in this study, there is a way to fix it.
25
Morris, Nathaniel R. "Adaptive Optics System Baseline Modeling for a USAF Quad Axis Telescope." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1504637969197981.
26
Carneiro, Dalira Lúcia Cunha Maradei. "Divulgação científica : as representações sociais de pesquisadores brasileiros que atuam no campo da Astronomia." Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, 2014. https://repositorio.ufu.br/handle/123456789/13683.
Abstract:
Science dissemination has unquestioned role on intermediate science and society and it is a
wide subject of research in education, considering that the construction of knowledge flows in different spaces, and, consequently, produces and disseminates representations. It presents as a motivator for reflection and as a necessary tool to prevent that knowledge do not become
synonymous with domination and power. Thereby, the Astronomy assumes a remarkable role
as a trigger of scientific dissemination process, due to its interdisciplinary character. From this viewpoint and the theoretical and methodological framework of the Theory of Social Representations (TRS), grounded by Serge Moscovici, this research, qualitative in nature,
seek to answer: What are the social representations about scientific dissemination of Brazilian
researchers that act in the field of astronomy? The work was based on Longhini, Gomide and
Fernandes (2013) research, which delineate the Brazilian scientific community involved in
Astronomy, identifying two groups of researchers with different training paths: one with
postgraduate in education and related fields, and other with postgraduate in Physics or
Astronomy. Thus, this study had the subquestion: Does the researchers of these groups have different conceptions about the practices of science dissemination? A sample was composed
of six subjects, three of each formative course, who participated in semi-structured interviews
analyzed following the steps outlined by Spink (2012). The results show that the science
dissemination is part of the researches schedule s, with a positive image relative to promote scientific knowledge to population and similar on practical approach between the two groups.
Point to two social representations of science dissemination: one for society in general, moved
by passion, anchored in values and beliefs, in satisfaction of seeing the results that their
actions bring to people's lives; and the other to their pairs. Regarding the first, the core of this
work, emerge gaps that hinder the practice of science dissemination, such as lack of
professionalism and difficulty of using language accessible to the lay public; the lack of appreciation, so far, of the area and the bureaucracy required in the execution of projects,
which come from institutions and sponsoring agencies, and the negative representation about the media, in general, are added to the list of obstacles, inferring that science dissemination is
a paradigm in construction. Other considerations are that astronomy is not part of basic education systematic way or the media in general and, not infrequently, in these areas, this science presents with misconceptions. And there is an intersection between science education
and science dissemination, wherein the researcher must approach to the elementary school teachers and the population. There is an indication of expanding non-formal spaces of
education and the creation of a specific policy for Astronomy. In short, the found representations ponder some of the concerns currently present in society and that are echoed in the theoretical framework of this study, demonstrating that, in Brazil, despite advances, in
general, science dissemination, science education, and, specifically, Astronomy Education,
are in a social fragility context.A divulgação científica tem função inconteste na intermediação entre ciência e sociedade e é um campo fértil de investigação na educação, considerando que a construção do conhecimento flui em diferentes espaços, e, consequentemente, produz e dissemina representações. Apresenta-se como terreno motivador à reflexão e como ferramenta necessária para impedir que o conhecimento não seja sinônimo de dominação e poder. Nesse prisma, a Astronomia assume papel relevante como desencadeadora do processo de divulgação científica, devido ao seu caráter interdisciplinar. Sob esse olhar e à luz do referencial teórico-metodológico da Teoria das Representações Sociais (TRS), fundamentada por Serge Moscovici, esta pesquisa, de natureza qualitativa, buscou responder: Quais as representações sociais sobre divulgação científica de pesquisadores brasileiros que atuam no campo da Astronomia? O trabalho teve como base a pesquisa de Longhini, Gomide e Fernandes (2013), que mapearem a comunidade científica brasileira envolvida com a Astronomia, identificando dois grupos de pesquisadores com diferentes trajetórias formativas: um com pós-graduação em Educação e áreas afins e outro com pós-graduação em Física ou Astronomia. Assim, este estudo teve como subquestão: Os pesquisadores desses grupos têm concepções diferenciadas sobre as práticas da divulgação científica? Foi composta uma amostra de seis sujeitos, sendo três de cada trajetória formativa, que participaram de entrevistas semiestruturadas analisadas conforme os passos sugeridos por Spink (2012). Os resultados mostram que a divulgação científica faz parte da agenda dos pesquisadores, com uma representação positiva em relação a divulgar conhecimento científico à população e similar na abordagem prática entre os dois grupos. Apontam para duas representações sociais da divulgação científica: uma para sociedade em geral, movida pela paixão, ancorada em valores e crenças, na satisfação de ver os resultados que suas ações trazem à vida das pessoas; e outra para os seus pares. No que tange à primeira, âmago deste trabalho, emergem lacunas que obstaculizam a prática da divulgação científica, como a falta de profissionalização e a dificuldade de utilizar linguagem acessível ao público leigo; a falta, até então, de valorização da área e a burocracia exigida na execução de projetos, advinda das instituições e agências de fomento, e a representação negativa sobre a mídia, em geral, somam-se à lista dos obstáculos, inferindo-se que a divulgação científica é um paradigma em construção. Outras considerações são que a Astronomia não faz parte de forma sistemática do ensino básico e nem da mídia em geral e, não raro, nesses âmbitos, essa ciência apresenta-se com erros conceituais. E que existe uma intersecção entre a educação científica e a divulgação científica, sendo que o pesquisador deve se aproximar dos professores do ensino básico e da população. Há a indicação de se expandir espaços não formais de educação e da criação de uma política específica para a Astronomia. Em suma, as representações ora encontradas ponderam algumas das preocupações presentes atualmente na sociedade e que encontram eco no corpo teórico deste trabalho, demonstrando que, no Brasil, apesar dos avanços, de modo em geral, a divulgação científica, a educação em ciências e, especificamente, a Educação em Astronomia, encontram-se num contexto de fragilidade social.
Doutor em Educação
27
Albin, Thomas [Verfasser], and Ralf [Akademischer Betreuer] Srama. "Machine learning and Monte Carlo based data analysis methods in cosmic dust research / Thomas Albin ; Betreuer: Ralf Srama." Stuttgart : Universitätsbibliothek der Universität Stuttgart, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1191182770/34.
28
Karus, Michael [Verfasser], and J. [Akademischer Betreuer] Blümer. "Development of a Calibration Stand for Photosensors for Extremely High-Energy Cosmic Ray Research / Michael Karus. Betreuer: J. Blümer." Karlsruhe : KIT-Bibliothek, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1100089071/34.
29
Dong, Chunyu [Verfasser], and Lucas [Akademischer Betreuer] Menzel. "Assessing the availability of remote sensing, hydrological modeling and in situ observations in snow cover research / Chunyu Dong ; Betreuer: Lucas Menzel." Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1180616294/34.
30
Modiri, Sadegh [Verfasser], Harald [Gutachter] Schuh, José M. [Gutachter] Ferrándiz, and Alireza A. [Gutachter] Ardalan. "On the improvement of earth orientation parameters estimation: using modern space geodetic techniques / Sadegh Modiri ; Gutachter: Harald Schuh, José M. Ferrándiz, Alireza A. Ardalan ; GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences." Potsdam : Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1237615275/34.
31
Hefny, Mohamed Mokthar [Verfasser], Jan [Gutachter] Benedikt, and Achim von [Gutachter] Keudell. "Experimental study of cold atmospheric plasma for plasma medicine research and applications / Mohamed Mokthar Hefny ; Gutachter: Jan Benedikt, Achim von Keudell ; Fakultät für Physik und Astronomie." Bochum : Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1177364018/34.
32
Hefny, Mohamed Mokthar Verfasser], Jan [Gutachter] Benedikt, and Achim von [Gutachter] [Keudell. "Experimental study of cold atmospheric plasma for plasma medicine research and applications / Mohamed Mokthar Hefny ; Gutachter: Jan Benedikt, Achim von Keudell ; Fakultät für Physik und Astronomie." Bochum : Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1177364018/34.
33
Hefny, Mohamed Mokthar Verfasser], Jan [Gutachter] [Benedikt, and Achim von [Gutachter] Keudell. "Experimental study of cold atmospheric plasma for plasma medicine research and applications / Mohamed Mokthar Hefny ; Gutachter: Jan Benedikt, Achim von Keudell ; Fakultät für Physik und Astronomie." Bochum : Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1177364018/34.
34
Perrot, Clément. "Imagerie directe de systèmes planétaires avec SPHERE et prédiction des performances de MICADO sur l’E-ELT." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCC212/document.
Abstract:
Cette thèse s'inscrit dans la thématique de l'étude de la formation et de l'évolution des systèmes planétaire grâce à la méthode de l'imagerie à haut contraste, aussi appelée imagerie directe, par comparaison aux méthodes de détection dites "indirectes". Le travail que je présente dans ce manuscrit s'articule en deux parties bien distinctes. La première partie concerne la composante observationnel de ma thèse, à l'aide de l'instrument SPHERE installé au Very Large Telescope, au sein du consortium du même nom. L'instrument SPHERE a pour objectif la détection et la caractérisation de jeunes et massives exoplanètes mais également de disques circumstellaires allant des très jeune disques protoplanétaires aux disques de débris, plus âgés. Ainsi, je présente dans ce manuscrit ma contribution au programme SHINE, un grand relevé de 200 nuits dont le but est la détection de nouvelles exoplanètes ainsi que la caractérisation spectrale et orbitale des quelques compagnons déjà connus. J'y présente également les deux études de disques circumstellaires que j'ai réalisées, autour des étoiles HD 141569 et HIP 86598. La première étude ayant permis la découverte d'anneaux concentriques à quelques dizaine d'UA de l'étoile ainsi que de asymétrie dans le flux du disque inhabituelle. La seconde étude porte sur la découverte d'un disque de débris présentant également une asymétrie en flux inhabituelle. La deuxième partie concerne la composante instrumentale de mon travail de thèse, au sein du consortium MICADO, en charge de la conception de la caméra du même nom qui sera l'un des instruments de première lumière de l'Extremely Large Telescope Européen (ELT). Dans ce manuscrit, je présente l'étude que j'ai menée afin de définir le design de certain composant du mode coronographique de MICADO tout en tenant compte des contraintes de l'instrument qui n'est pas dédié à l'imagerie haut contraste, contrairement à SPHEREThis thesis is performed in the context of the study of the formation and evolution of planetary systems using high contrast imaging, also known as direct imaging in contrast to so-called "indirect" detection methods. The work I present in this manuscript is divided into two distinct parts.The first part concerns the observational component of my thesis, using the SPHERE instrument installed at Very LargeTelescope. This work was done as part of the consortium of the same name. The purpose of the SPHERE instrument is to detect and characterize young and massive exoplanets, but also circumstellar disks ranging from very young protoplanetary disks to older debris disks. In this manuscript, I present my contribution to the program SHINE, a large survey with an integration time of 200 nights' worth of observation, the goal of which is the detection of new exoplanets and the spectral and orbital characterization of some previously-known companions. I also present the two studies of circumstellar disks that I made, around the stars HD 141569 and HIP 86598. The first study allowed the discovery of concentric rings at about ten AU of the star along with an unusual flux asymmetry in the disk. The second study is about the discovery of a debris disk that also has an unusual flux asymmetry. The second part concerns the instrumental component of my thesis work done within the MICADO consortium, in charge of the design of the camera of the same name which will be one of the first light instruments of the European Extremely Large Telescope (ELT). In this manuscript, I present the study in which I define the design of some components of the coronagraphic mode of MICADO while taking into account the constraints of the instrument - which is not dedicated to high contrast imaging, unlike SPHERE
35
Liaw, Chun-ta, and 廖俊達. "The Introductory Research of In-Service Teacher Join Astronomy Teaching Workshop : Astronomy Content Knowledge, Astronamy Pedagogical Knowledge, Participating Motivation and Expectation." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/61264801887250633686.
Abstract:
碩士國立臺南大學
材料科學系碩士班
96
In-service teachers still with limited content knowledge, and often misrepresent the astronomy knowledge to students. It is necessary to retraining in-service teacher to overcome incomplete content knowledge when teaching an astronomy unit. The purpose of this study was to describe how the long-term astronomy ( 9 weeks ) teaching workshop attempted to promote teacher’s astronomy content knowledge, and find out teacher’s thinking about the astronomy teaching in classroom and expectation of the astronomy workshop. We developed a diagnostic assessment of astronomy content knowledge and collected various data such as teacher’s scores of pre-test and post-test. In addition, the weekly journals by teacher, the teaching strategies of textbook, and the interviews with teachers. After analyzing the data, the conclusions of this study are as follows: (1) The teachers’ performance on the pro-test and post-test had improved on “celestial object’s move” and “galaxies and universe” topics of astronomy (p<.05). (2) Astronomy teaching would be influenced by astronomical observations and student’s spatial ability to understand star move. (3) The participative motives of the teachers are personal interest, teach demands, received teaching credential or course credit for learning and examination demands. (4) Teachers expect that astronomy workshop can promote their astronomy content knowledge and provide the module curriculum for astronomy teaching.
36
Raffner, Philippe Angelo. "Nova Aetas: astronomy research and visitors centre." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/11735.
Abstract:
Astronomy in South Africa remains one of the most uncelebrated of the natural sciences, this despite the country’s almost 200 year history of involvement in its international development
and proud contemporary standing in its practice. This is largely because South Africa has only greatly dispersed and inadequate avenues through which the public can broaden its knowledge
of astronomy and its many related disciplines. The Nova Aetas Astronomy research and visitor’s centre aims to rectify this situation through the creation of a new place for Astronomy
in South Africa, one which will create both a new formal hub for the science as a profession and also stand as a new facilitator of public astronomical education. Through doing this, the
centre will allow for a public emersion and experience in and of all avenues of Astronomical practices in South Africa. The centre will do this though its use of functional program, the appropriate
choice of site and several unique and relevant architectural styles and devices.
The intention of the project raises several important discussions surrounding these afore mentioned criteria. Firstly one must consider the choice of site and determine a project placement
which is relevant to the practice of astronomy, both in a contemporary and historic sense, within the broader context of South Africa. After a series of investigations the site of the Old
Royal Observatory in Observatory, Cape Town, was chosen as the location of the project. This was due to its strong historic ties to the birth of South African Astronomy, its modern day
connection to the South African Astronomical Observatory for which it currently serves as headquarters, its strong degree of public regard and ease of public accessibility,
Using both the public and private functional models of the present day observatory as precedent, an appropriate series of new functional programs can be developed to ensure the correct
facilitation of the project’s key intentions of public integration and emersion.
Finally one must decide upon what aesthetic devices and architectural languages should be used in the generation of the centre’s design. This was done through an in-depth analysis of the
relationship between astronomy and architecture throughout the ages- isolating key lessons learned during each epoch of realisation.
Contained in this document are written accounts of these various explorations (Chapters 1-5), supported by relevant imagery and graphic explorations and a detailed explanation of how each
of these explorations were interpreted into the final design of the Nova Aetas Centre and finally an in depth explanation and analysis of the proposed Nova Aetas design
37
Shiouh-Jyuan, Chou, and 周秀娟. "The Research of Ku Kuan-Kuang's Mathematics and Astronomy." Thesis, 1995. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/72196794927618410216.
38
Chen, Chin-Hsiang, and 陳金香. "The action research of the history in Chinese astronomy teaching." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/58470790949120177518.
Abstract:
碩士臺中師範學院
自然科學教育學系
90
The action research of the history in Chinese astronomy teaching Chen, Chin-Hsiang Abstract This is the research for the possibility of teaching Chinese astronomy in the senior grade at a primary school. Based on the importance of applying science history in teaching and the hardness of put the teaching in practice, this research is looking for how to resolve the problem of bringing the science history into a formal class by practicing the teaching. Therefore, with applying the action research, we show the process of practicing the science history teaching, including the problem brought out by teaching science history in science, the method of resolve the problem, the change of the teaching method, the feeling of the students and the growth of the teacher. This research was based on the science history teaching of a primary school teacher in her science class. The topic was Chinese astronomy history, including Chinese astronomy observation record, Chinese universe view and the Chinese export in astronomy —Chang Han. Two classes’ students in fifth grade were the objects of this study. By observation, interview, record and video, we collect materials and analyze the problem. With correcting and reflect so many times, we make progress in the astronomy history teaching. Through the practice of the teaching, we the conclusion as the following: First, the science history should be interesting and living related material. And according to the students’ level, we show the science history with an easier understanding way. Second, we should make varied teaching methods. By this way, we found that most students show highly interesting in this field and get lot of knowledge. Third, through the teaching, the teacher felt those materials are so much and so hard, with changing the teaching method, yet she still used lot of oral teaching. The students’ learning will and the teaching time arrangement are the hardest parts of this teaching. In the end, according to the results of the research, we provide some suggestions for the design of the science history material, the practice of this teaching field and the research in the future.
39
Chung, Yun Chang, and 鍾昀璋. "Action Research of Teacher’s Developing Reading Material in Astronomy Subject." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/12893346108973989853.
Abstract:
碩士國立臺中教育大學
科學應用與推廣學系科學教育碩士班
101
The objective of the research is to exploring the process of nine grade students’ learning astronomy by reading scientific essays created by the teacher. The process will be discuss in three aspects: the effects on concept changing by reading the essays, the perception of the students about the teacher’s essay creating, and the professional progress of the teacher during the creating process. The duration of the action research is one year, and 106 students in the school that the researcher served at are adopted in the research. The creation of the essays focuses on the subjects that students are more likely confused with or misunderstanding in papers or in their current teaching materials. The subjects of the essays include: the cause of daily rhythm and seasonal cycle, the motions of celestial bodies, and the tides. During the process of creation, the essays are revised according to the information: the result of content knowledge questionnaires in pre-test and post-test, the feedback, and the semi-structured interview. The finishing finding follows: 1.The essays created by the teacher have significant effect on students’ concept change; however, the efficacy of different editions of the essays variates by subjects. Moreover, information indicats that some students’ concept changing occurs beyond reading the essays. 2.The opinions and expectations of the teacher’s essay creating: (1) For most of the students, the motivation of reading the essays is Test-orientation. (2) Over 90% of the students think that the abundant content of the essays recover the information shortage of current teaching materials. (3)Recall and satisfying the students’ need of comprehension. (4)The consolidation of the professional image of the teacher. 3.The professional progress of the teacher during the creating process: (1)The promoting of practical experience of creating essays. (2) Acquiring the ability of 3D drafting, and applying with 2D drafting to promote the efficiency of the essays creating. (3)The prospect of the assistant of 3D models in teaching. (4)The cautious attitude toward assessing the efficacy of the essays and teaching. (5)The self-expect emerging from the feedback by the students. (6)The progress of professional knowledge. (7)The function orientation of the essays. Finally, based on the research results, some suggestions about the applying of the essays in teaching, the essay creating, and follow-up research are proposed.
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Rong-GuanDai and 戴榮冠. "The Research of Compilation and Interpretation System of Guweishu:Aimed at Astronomy and Calendar." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/kxan32.
Abstract:
博士國立成功大學
中國文學系
104
Summary Guweishu as China’s first Chenwei specialty collection is considerably influential to the later School of Chenwei collection. So far there have been few research results related to the study of Guweishu, hence Guweishu needs urgently to be investigated by scholars. This topic belongs to the interdisciplinary research, which contains throughout the study of Confucian classics, Chenwei, philology, text communication, text analysis, and the ancient Chinese astronomy and calendar, and has the development value. Therefore, the author selects Guweishu as the research objects, and applies the methods of literature review, textual research and analysis, book-writing style investigation, and textual acceptance criticism to carry out the discussion, in the hope of doing their part and contributing to the Chinese academic thinking through combining the interpretation of the teaching of justice and Chenwei, so as to fit it to the direction of future development of academic research. Keywords: Guweishu, Sun Jue, Chenwei, Views on Chenwei Introduction Guweishu is China’s first written work that focuses on Chenwei literature and carries out a comprehensive compilation and annotation. It holds a very special position in the history of the study of Chenwei and Chenwei development. Because the book does not cite the place of references from the original text of Chenwei, later scholars find it very inconvenient to cite hence all turn to compile Chenwei themselves and criticize the lack of Guweishu, thus even though the book is the origin of Chenwei compilation specialty but it is unable to get the equivalent historical evaluation. Via the author’s summaries of the views from the Chin Dynasty, it is discovered that Guweishu’s controversies are mainly problems such as “cited annotation but no citation from the original text of Chenwei”, “disorderly editing styles”, “more description but little original points, objectives unclear”, “ordering of Chenwei different from others”. To focus on the above described problems and to carryout in depth research is the issue this thesis wants to solve. Materials and Methods After reviewing the current Guweishu and Chenwei research results and considered the direction this thesis can take, focusing on Guweishu’s research, the author first selects His- Tso Chien’s Shoushange Books in Series which mainly focuses on Guweishu and uses the various Chenwei compilations written works from Chin Dynasty as complements. This thesis aims to adapt the “literature compilation textual analysis method” to review the actual citations of Guweishu from the original text of Chenwei, and further adapts the “book editing style inquiry method” to analyze the reasons why Guweishu does not cite the references from the original text of Chenwei and other phenomena such as disorder editing styles. Secondly, adapting the “text analysis method” to review Guweishu’s compilation objectives and its themes of discussion, this is the main content for Guweishu text analysis. Finally, adapting “text acceptance research method” to explore Guweishu’s dissemination and accepted appearance in Chin Dynasty, and to restore the deserved value of Guweishu, such are the research method for this thesis. Result and Discussion Via the author’s research steps by “themes” to carry out discussions in different chapters, the several incomprehensible phenomena about Guweishu are now known, namely “unknown biography and works by Sun Jue”, “cited annotation but no citation from the original text of Chenwei”, “disorderly editing styles”, “inclusion of many non Chenwei texts”, “large reference of ancient text as annotation without explanation”, “ordering of Chenwei different from prior scholars”, “ordering of Chenwei different from other schools of studies”, “only listed the annotation but lacking an explanatory system” such issues, through this thesis’ chapters of discussion , various incomprehensive phenomena are discovered and all involve Sun Jue’s viewpoint on the meaning of Chenwei. Because of Sun Jue’s expectation on Chenwei compilation and interpretation many “Contigent” were produced in the compilation styles and interpretation content. Through the research of this thesis, five specific results are obtained, firstly “clarifying Guweishu’s sources of references from the Chenwei orginal, emphasizing the results of Chenwei compilation results in Ming Dynasty”, secondly, “ revealing Guweishu’s editing styles, clarifying the reasons for not citing Chenwei original”, thirdly “ comprehensive exploration of Guweishu’s content, elucidating Guweishu’s objectives”, fourthly “listing the acceptance condition by the Ching Dynasty, commenting on Guweishu’s influences in Ching Dynasty”. Conclusion This paper is the first attempt on conducting the comprehensive study aimed at the appearance of citation, compilation content, editing styles and dissemination acceptance such facets of Guweishu at home and abroad. With the aim to clear former negative and bias criticism about the book, hence via the discussion of this thesis in hope to carry out comprehensive review on Guweishu, enabling Guweishu to obtain its deserved objective evaluation in history of Chenwei development, so as to highlight (manifest) the value of Guweishu
41
Coetzer, Glenda Lorraine. "Designing a geodetic research data management system for the Hartebeeshoek radio astronomy observatory." Diss., 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/25466.
Abstract:
The radio astronomy and space geodesy scientific instrumentation of the Hartebeesthoek Radio Astronomy Observatory (HartRAO) in Gauteng, South Africa, generate large volumes of data. Additional large data volumes will be generated by new geodesy instruments that are currently under construction and implementation, including a lunar laser ranging (LLR) system, seismic and meteorological systems and a Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) global observing system (VGOS) radio telescope. The existing HartRAO data management and storage system is outdated, incompatible and has limited storage capacity. This necessitates the design of a new geodetic research data management system (GRDMS). The focus of this dissertation is on providing a contextual framework for the design of the new system, including criteria, characteristics, components, an infrastructure architectural model and data structuring and organisation. An exploratory research methodology and qualitative research techniques were applied. Results attained from interviews conducted and literature consulted indicates a gap in the literature regarding the design of a data management system, specifically for geodetic data generated by HartRAO instrumentation. This necessitates the development of a conceptual framework for the design of a new GRDMS. Results are in alignment with the achievement of the research questions and objectives set for this study.Information Science
M.A. (Information Science)
42
Noeth, Graeme. "The design of an International School of Astronomy & Astro-Tourism Centre in Sutherland, Karoo." 2014. http://encore.tut.ac.za/iii/cpro/DigitalItemViewPage.external?sp=1001637.
Abstract:
M. Tech. Architecture (Professional)Over the last decade, South Africa (RSA) has experienced a substantial growth in the field of astronomy and astrophysics. Post 2005, the largest optical telescope in the Southern hemisphere, known by its acronym, SALT, was constructed in RSA. It is expected that by 2024, this country will host the largest array of radio telescopes in the world, the Square Kilometre Array (SKA). It could be argued that RSA is at the forefront of modern cosmological research. This exponential growth in the field of astronomy has resulted in local astronomical bodies and universities falling behind in astronomy education. This provides a unique opportunity to strengthen the latter. The aim of this dissertation is to design an International School of Astronomy and Astro-Tourism Centre. The proposed building aims to introduce a unique facility in the Northern Cape that would benefit the field of astronomy worldwide. The proposed facility is situated at the South African Astronomical Observatory (SAAO) in Sutherland. It is nested within the South-west-embankment of the mountain, currently hosting the Southern Africa Large Telescope (SALT). The resultant design takes on a linear building typology with radial aspects to document astronomical events. The project investigates the semi-arid Karoo climate and how the resultant architecture reacts to harsh environmental conditions.
43
Contreras, Palacios Hugo Alejandro. "Research and Development of the Purification and Cryogenic Systems for the XENON1T Dark Matter Experiment." Thesis, 2015. https://doi.org/10.7916/D8WH2P43.
Abstract:
The evidence supporting the presence of Dark Matter in the universe ranges over many length scales: from the rotational curves within galaxies that cannot be explained only by the dust and other visible component to the anisotropies in the cosmological microwave background that sets the most precise quantification for the DM content in the universe at 26.8% of the energy density. One of the candidates for DM with the most theoretical support is a family of particles that appear in extensions of the Standard Model of Particles. These new particles, known as Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs), provide a natural solution to the missing mass in the universe that interact only via weak interaction and whose origin dates back from the very early universe. The XENON Dark Matter search experiments aim to the direct detection of WIMPs via scattering off xenon nuclei. Following the success of the first prototype, XENON10, the XENON100 detector has been, up to late 2013, the most sensitive DM detector setting an upper bound limit on the spin-independent WIMP-nucleon cross-section of 2. × 10 −45 cm 2 and the spin-dependent equivalent of 3.5 × 10 −44 cm 2 . The detector consists of a dual-phase xenon Time Projection Chamber (TPC) with an inner target of 62 kg, located at the un- derground facility at Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (LNGS) in Italy. XENON100 is still in operation, currently testing new calibration sources of potential use for the next generation XENON1T experiment, under commissioning in Hall B of LNGS, aims to im- prove the XENON100 sensitivity by two orders of magnitude by increasing the xenon target mass in the detector to the tonne scale and by reducing the intrinsic background rate and consequently, increase the expected number of WIMP events per year. The scale-up of a liquid xenon TPC imposes many technical challenges that needed to be addressed prior to the realization of the XENON1T phase of the project. The focus of my thesis work has been the research and development of Dark Matter detectors operated with a xenon mass at the tonne scale. In particular, the topic of purification of a large amount of Xe gas to reduce the concentration of electronegative impurities to levels below afew parts per billion in a reasonable amount of time has been a driver in my work with the XENON1T Demonstrator facility at the Columbia Nevis laboratories. Two complementary approaches were followed in order to address this problem: i) a study of the performance of XENON100 concerning the electron lifetime (eLT) among other parameters that depend on the purity and ii) the construction of a full-size Xe TPC prototype to test multiple technologies with the goal of an optimized XENON1T TPC, with several tonnes of Xe. In addition to my work on the XENON1T Demonstrator, I have also contributed to the operation and analysis of data from XENON100. In particular, I developed a cut based on the information theory concept of entropy to reduce the electronic noise in the data. A detailed description of the motivation and implementation of the entropy cut is presented in Chapter 3. The experience gained from the successful performance of XENON100 and the information from variety of measurements with the XENON1T Demonstrator have influenced the design of XENON1T and will impact other next-generation Dark Matter detectors using LXe in a TPC. More specifically, the design of the XENON1T cryogenic system which is at the heart of the experiment, has been guided by this experience. The testing of the system was performed at Nevis where the various components were assembled and leak checked before being shipped to LNGS. The XENON1T detector’s cryostat and its cryogenics system, designed by the Columbia University XENON group were installed underground in the Hall B of the LNGS laboratory in Summer/Fall 2014. Their commissioning represent a major milestone in the realization of XENON1T. The last chapter of the thesis summarizes the status of XENON1T, with particular focus on the design of the cryogenic, purification and cryostat system influenced by the R & D with the Demonstrator.
44
HUANG, KUO-SHENG, and 黃國勝. "A Research of Intergrating Scientific Text Reading into Astronomy Teaching to Enhence the Learning Effect on Sixth Grade Elementary School Students:An Example of “Moon Unit”." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/34161091136643184164.
Abstract:
碩士國立高雄師範大學
工業科技教育學系
105
ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of learning astronomy, the moon unit, by incorporating scientific texts into astronomy teaching. This study implemented the quasi experimental design to explore the effect of astronomy teaching and learning. Ninety-four students from a public school in South District, Kaohsiung City, were chosen to be the participants for this research. There were forty-six students in the experimental group adopted the method of scientific text reading in learning astronomy. While in the control group, there were forty- eight students adopted the traditional textbook reading process. Both two groups conducted the same moon unit. The Cognitive Questionnaire(ISRA) and the Mysterious Concept Test were used as the instrument of the study by comparing the participants' post-test scores to their pre-test scores. Data analyze were conducted with analysis of convariance to compare the effectiveness of scientific text reading abilitiy and learning outcome among two groups. Besides, this study also used analysis of convariance to compare the effectiveness of scientific text reading abilitiy and learning outcome among male and female students of experimental group. The results of the study are as follows: In terms of astronomy learning effect, there was a significant difference found between two groups. The experimental group which adopted the method of scientific text reading in learning astronomy had better achievement than the control group. There was no significant difference observed between gender in learning scientific text reading abilitiy and learning effect. Accordingly, implications of the findings were discussed and the topics for further studies were suggested. It is a feasible and effective teaching mode to integrate into astronomy teaching with scientific text reading comprehension.
45
Кравцов, І. П. "Огляд північного неба з метою пошуку джерел спорадичного радіовипромінювання декаметрових хвиль." Thesis, 2018. http://dspace.univer.kharkov.ua/handle/123456789/14435.
Abstract:
Дисертація присвячена проведенню повного огляду Північного неба з метою пошуку джерел спорадичного радіовипромінювання в декаметровому діапазоні довжин хвиль (далі – Огляд). Проаналізовані переваги та недоліки
декаметрового діапазону при проведенні такого дослідження. Розглянуті пошукові огляди таких джерел, що проводилися на інших радіотелескопах та на більш високих частотах радіодіапазону. Також розглянуті різні типи
радіочастотних завад, що імітують сигнали космічної природи. Були проведені необхідні радіоастрономічні спостереження на УТР-2,
отримані дані оброблені спочатку програмами автоматичної обробки («довгим конвеєром»), а потім – розробленим комплексом програм для
напівавтоматичної обробки («коротким конвеєром»). Було показано, що знайдені сигнали не могли бути породжені мерехтіннями континуальних радіоджерел на неоднорідностях іоносфери. З’ясовано, що випадкові викиди
інтенсивності не можуть генерувати сигнали з відносною інтенсивністю, яка перевищує С/Ш = 8, тому із розгляду були усунуті імпульси із С/Ш менше 8 (після цього лишилося 380 спалахів). Були побудовані розподіли різних параметрів сигналів, таких як відносна інтенсивність (С/Ш), час появи, міра дисперсії та галактична широта. Аналіз розподілів вищезгаданих параметрів сигналів підтверджує припущення про те, що знайдені сигнали породжені космічними джерелами
радіовипромінювання. Вперше був проведений повний огляд всієї доступної небесної сфери.
Завдяки багатопараметричному аналізу було відібрано 380 сигналів, що відповідають критеріям космічного походження, побудовані та проаналізовані розподіли їх параметрів. Порівняння з аналогічними розподілами параметрів відомих джерел показало, що знайдені сигнали мають космічне походження і, таким чином, у роботі було відкрито 380
нових джерел транзієнтного радіовипромінювання в декаметровому
діапазоні.
46
Baruch, John E. F. "Practical science has a global reach and appeal." 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/10605.
47
Chastenay, Pierre. "Conception et évaluation d’une intervention didactique à propos des phases de la Lune dans un planétarium numérique." Thèse, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/9893.
Abstract:
Depuis l’entrée en vigueur du Programme de formation de l’école québécoise en 2001, l’astronomie est à nouveau enseignée dans les classes du Québec. Malheureusement, l’école est mal outillée pour enseigner des concepts astronomiques complexes se déroulant pour la plupart en dehors des heures de classe et sur de longues périodes de temps. Sans compter que bien des phénomènes astronomiques mettent en jeu des astres se déplaçant dans un espace tridimensionnel auquel nous n’avons pas accès depuis notre point de vue géocentrique. Les phases de la Lune, concept prescrit au premier cycle du secondaire, sont de ceux-là. Heureusement, l’école peut compter sur l’appui du planétarium, musée de sciences dédié à la présentation, en accéléré et à toute heure du jour, de simulations ultra réalistes de divers phénomènes astronomiques.
Mais quel type de planétarium secondera l’école ? Récemment, les planétariums ont eux aussi subi leur propre révolution : ces institutions sont passées de l’analogique au numérique, remplaçant les projecteurs optomécaniques géocentriques par des projecteurs vidéo qui offrent la possibilité de se déplacer virtuellement dans une simulation de l’Univers tridimensionnel complètement immersive. Bien que la recherche en éducation dans les planétariums se soit peu penchée sur ce nouveau paradigme, certaines de ses conclusions basées sur l’étude des planétariums analogiques peuvent nous aider à concevoir une intervention didactique fructueuse dans ces nouveaux simulateurs numériques. Mais d’autres sources d’inspiration seront invoquées, au premier chef la didactique des sciences, qui conçoit l’apprentissage non plus comme la transmission de connaissances, mais plutôt comme la construction de savoirs par les apprenants eux-mêmes, avec et contre leurs conceptions premières. La conception d’environnements d’apprentissages constructivistes, dont le planétarium numérique est un digne représentant, et l’utilisation des simulations en astronomie, complèteront notre cadre théorique et mèneront à la conception d’une intervention didactique à propos des phases de la Lune dans un planétarium numérique s’adressant à des élèves âgés de 12 à 14 ans.
Cette intervention didactique a été mise à l’essai une première fois dans le cadre d’une recherche de développement (ingénierie didactique) visant à l’améliorer, à la fois sur son versant théorique et sur son versant pratique, par le biais de multiples itérations dans le milieu « naturel » où elle se déploie, ici un planétarium numérique gonflable de six mètres de diamètre. Nous présentons les résultats de notre première itération, réalisée en compagnie de six jeunes de 12 à 14 ans (quatre garçons et deux filles) dont nous avons recueilli les conceptions à propos des phases de la Lune avant, pendant et après l’intervention par le biais d’entrevues de groupe, questionnaires, mises en situation et enregistrement des interventions tout au long de l’activité. L'évaluation a été essentiellement qualitative, basée sur les traces obtenues tout au long de la séance, en particulier sous la voûte du planétarium. Ce matériel a ensuite été analysé pour valider les concepts théoriques qui ont mené à la conception de l'intervention didactique, d'une part, mais aussi pour faire émerger des améliorations possibles visant à bonifier l'intervention. Nous avons ainsi constaté que l'intervention provoque effectivement l'évolution des conceptions de la majorité des participants à propos des phases de la Lune, mais nous avons également identifié des façons de rendre l’intervention encore plus efficace à l’avenir.Since the Quebec Education Program came into effect in 2001, Quebec classrooms have again been teaching astronomy. Unfortunately, schools are ill-equipped to teach complex astronomical concepts, most of which occur outside school hours and over long periods of time. Furthermore, many astronomical phenomena involve celestial objects travelling through three-dimensional space, which we cannot access from our geocentric point of view. The lunar phases, a concept prescribed in secondary cycle one, fall into that category. Fortunately, schools can count on support from the planetarium, a science museum dedicated to presenting ultra-realistic simulations of astronomical phenomena in fast time and at any hour of the day. But what type of planetarium will support schools? Recently, planetariums also underwent their own revolution: they switched from analogue to digital, replacing geocentric opto-mechanical projectors with video projectors that offer the possibility of travelling virtually through a completely immersive simulation of the three-dimensional Universe. Although research into planetarium education has focused little on this new paradigm, certain of its conclusions, based on the study of analogue planetariums, can help us develop a rewarding teaching intervention in these new digital simulators. But other sources of inspiration will be cited, primarily the teaching of science, which views learning no longer as the transfer of knowledge, but rather as the construction of knowledge by the learners themselves, with and against their initial conceptions. The conception and use of constructivist learning environments, of which the digital planetarium is a fine example, and the use of simulations in astronomy will complete our theoretical framework and lead to the conception of a teaching intervention focusing on the lunar phases in a digital planetarium and targeting students aged 12 to 14. This teaching intervention was initially tested as part of development research (didactic engineering) aimed at improving it, both theoretically and practically, through multiple iterations in its “natural” environment, in this case an inflatable digital planetarium six metres in diameter. We are presenting the results of our first iteration, completed with help from six children aged 12 to 14 (four boys and two girls) whose conceptions about the lunar phases were noted before, during and after the intervention through group interviews, questionnaires, group exercises and recordings of the interventions throughout the activity. The evaluation was essentially qualitative, based on the traces obtained throughout the session, in particular within the planetarium itself. This material was then analyzed to validate the theoretical concepts that led to the conception of the teaching intervention and also to reveal possible ways to improve the intervention. We noted that the intervention indeed changed most participants’ conceptions about the lunar phases, but also identified ways to boost its effectiveness in the future.
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