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Journal articles on the topic 'Astronomical and Space Sciences'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 29 January 2023

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1

Al-Naimiy, Hamid M. K. "The role of astronomy and space sciences in Arab societies and cultures." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 5, S260 (January 2009): 429–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921311002626.

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AbstractAstronomy, Astrophysics and Space Sciences (AASS) play an effective rôle in Sciences, Technology and Community Development. Unfortunately, a small percentage of this knowledge is actually used in teaching at schools, universities and other academic institutions in Arab countries. The challenge is to provide effective professional development for AASS educators and researchers at all levels, from elementary school to university.There is an urgent need for a better communication channels among Arab astronomers and space scientists nowadays. In this respect, the best choice is to identify in the vast cultural heritage of the Arab basin, particularly in astronomy. Building modern and good observatories, planetariums and research centres in the region jointly by Arab astronomers and space scientists is essential and will be an excellent step towards developing AASS. The aim of this paper is to show the importance of the formal and informal astronomical research and education, giving examples of possible astronomical projects, and comments of the experiences that have been carried out in a few Arab Countries. We show as well the importance of the Astronomical Societies in developing Science and Technology in the fields of AASS, and the role of these societies on the community and the country development.

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2

Dulmaa, A., R. Tsolmon, Ch Lkhagvajav, Sh Jargalsuren, B. Bayartungalag, and M. Zaya. "Astronomical education in Mongolia." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 5, S260 (January 2009): 685–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921311003024.

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AbstractThe history, current situation, education and future directions of modern Mongolian space science and astronomy is reviewed. This paper discusses recent efforts to develop astronomy education and research capacity in Mongolia with cooperation of the International Astronomical Union. Various capacity-building initiatives in space science including remote sensing in Mongolia are discussed.

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3

Martinez, Peter. "The Working Group on Space Sciences in Africa." Transactions of the International Astronomical Union 24, no. 3 (2001): 364. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0251107x00001140.

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IAU membership is a good indicator of a nationally organized astronomical community. Although IAU membership statistics for Africa continue to be very poor, other indicators (such as publications) suggest that there are many individual scientists in Africa who are attempting research or promoting education in astronomy. The Working Group on Space Sciences in Africa seeks to support these individuals through various means. This poster provides an overview of astronomy in Africa and the activities of this Working Group.

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4

Qiu, Jane. "Great strides of China's space programmes." National Science Review 4, no. 2 (February 24, 2017): 264–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwx006.

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Abstract While China's almost flawless space endeavours—such as its space lab Tiangong-2, launched last year, and the 2012 mission that sent a rover to the surface of the Moon—have long impressed the world, space-science missions were not among its priorities until recently. The situation improved in 2011 when the Chinese Academy of Sciences won government support for a 10-year Strategic Pioneering Programme on Space Science—with a total budget of nearly 1 billion dollars. Since then, China has launched satellites to probe dark matter, detect black holes and conduct quantum experiments from space. This year will see the launch of an astronomy satellite and a highly anticipated mission to bring back rocks from the Moon. In a forum chaired by National Science Review's Executive Associate Editor Mu-ming Poo, space scientists discussed different types of Chinese space programmes, the science missions already launched or in development, the importance and challenges of international collaboration, and the uncertain future of the country's space-science development. Chunlai Li Deputy Director, National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing Ji Wu Director, National Centre of Space Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing Jianyu Wang Deputy Director, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai Branch Shuangnan Zhang Institute of High-Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing Yifang Wang Director, Institute of High-Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing Mu-ming Poo (Chair) Director, Institute of Neuroscience, Institute of High-Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai

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5

Riegler, Guenter R. "Science Operations for Future Space Astrophysics Missions." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 123 (1990): 317–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100077228.

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AbstractPlans for astrophysics science operations during the decade of the nineties are described from the point of view of a scientist who wishes to make a space-borne astronomical observation or to use archival astronomical data. In the process of preparing a proposal, making an observation, and carrying out data processing, analysis, and dissemination of results, the scientist will be able to use a variety of services and infrastructure, including the “Astrophysics Data System”. The current status and plans for these science operations services are described.

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Doran, Rosa, Lina Canas, Sara Anjos, Thilina Heenatigala, João Retrê, José Afonso, and Ana Alves. "Portuguese Language Expertise Center for the OAD." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 11, A29A (August 2015): 420–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921316003525.

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AbstractSupporting the use of astronomy as a tool for development in specific regions and languages, the International Astronomical Union's (IAU) Office of Astronomy for Development (OAD) has established a Portuguese ‘Language Expertise Centre for the OAD’ (PLOAD), hosted at Núcleo Interactivo de Astronomia (NUCLIO), in collaboration with the Institute of Astrophysics and Space Sciences (IA) in Portugal. The centre is one of the new coordinating offices announced at the IAU General Assembly in Honolulu, Hawaii on 13 August 2015.

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7

Kitamura, Masatoshi, Don Wentzel, Arne Henden, Jeffrey Bennett, H. M. K. Al-Naimiy, A. M. Mathai, Nat Gopalswamy, et al. "The United Nations Basic Space Science Initiative: the TRIPOD concept." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 2, SPS5 (August 2006): 277–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921307007156.

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AbstractSince 1990, the United Nations has held an annual workshop on basic space science for the benefit of the worldwide development of astronomy. Additional to the scientific benefits of the workshops and the strengthening of international cooperation, the workshops lead to the establishment of astronomical telescope facilities through the Official Development Assistance (ODA) of Japan. Teaching material, hands-on astrophysics material, and variable star observing programmes had been developed for the operation of such astronomical telescope facilities in the university environment. This approach to astronomical telescope facility, observing programme, and teaching astronomy has become known as the basic space science TRIPOD concept. Currently, a similar TRIPOD concept is being developed for the International Heliophysical Year 2007, consisting of an instrument array, data taking and analysis, and teaching space science.

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8

Wang, Jingxiu. "Astronomy Research in China." Transactions of the International Astronomical Union 24, no. 3 (2001): 210–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0251107x00000778.

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AbstractDecades of efforts made by Chinese astronomers have established some basic facilities for astronomy observations, such as the 2.16-m optical telescope, the solar magnetic-field telescope, the 13.7-m millimeter-wave radio telescope etc. One mega-science project, the Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST), intended for astronomical and astrophysical studies requiring wide fields and large samples, has been initiated and funded.To concentrate the efforts on mega-science projects, to operate and open the national astronomical facilities in a more effective way, and to foster the best astronomers and research groups, the National Astronomical Observatories (NAOs) has been coordinated and organizated. Four research centers, jointly sponsored by observatories of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and universities, have been established. Nine principal research fields have received enhanced support at NAOs. They are: large-scale structure of universe, formation and evolution of galaxies, high-energy and cataclysmic processes in astrophysics, star formation and evolution, solar magnetic activity and heliogeospace environment, astrogeodynamics, dynamics of celestial bodies in the solar system and artificial bodies, space-astronomy technology, and new astronomical techniques and methods.

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9

Bielo, James S. "Incorporating Space: Protestant Fundamentalism and Astronomical Authorization." Religions 11, no. 11 (November 10, 2020): 594. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel11110594.

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The problem of authority is vital for understanding the development of Protestant creationism. Two discursive fields have figured centrally in this religious movement’s claims to authoritative knowledge: The Bible and science. The former has been remarkably stable over a century with a continuing emphasis on inerrancy and literalism, while the latter has been more mutable. Creationism’s rejection of scientific evolution has endured, but its orientation to a range of scientific models, technologies, and disciplines has changed. Astronomy is a prime example; once relatively absent in creationist cultural production, it emerged as yet another arena where creationists seek to corrode scientific authority and bolster biblical fundamentalism. Drawing on archival documents of creationist publications and the ongoing media production of an influential creationist ministry based in Kentucky, this article illustrates how creationism has sought to incorporate astronomy into their orbit of religious authorization. Ultimately, the case of incorporating space helps clarify fundamentalism’s machinations of power.

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10

Bohlin, Ralph C. "Standard Astronomical Sources for the Space Telescope." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 111 (1985): 357–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900078955.

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The Space Telescope (ST) will require many types of standard sources for a diverse range of calibrations to be performed after launch. The scientific instruments are sensitive to a wide range of wavelengths from 1050 to 11,000Å and encompass a broad range of measurement capabilities including astrometry, photometry, imaging, polarimetry, and spectroscopy. To verify proper operations of each instrument and to provide quantitative calibrations, a diverse range of standard sources and fields are required. In order to select targets that satisfy the requirements of the Instrument Definition Teams and the long term responsibilities of the Science Institute, six groups containing a total of 25 astronomers are defining the calibration targets to be observed after launch. The six categories of ST standard sources are: 1)Ultraviolet Spectrophotometric2)Ground Based Spectrophotometric and Photometric3)Wavelength4)Astrometric5)Polarimetric6)Spatially Flat FieldThe data in these categories will be collected from the literature or through new observing programs as appropriate. These six reports of the working groups outline the calibrations and proposed targets for all of the scientific instruments on ST. The collected data on each set of standard sources should be published in the refereed literature.

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11

Dougherty, Kerrie A., and Matthew L. James. "Communicating Space Science to the Public." Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia 9, no. 1 (1991): 175–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1323358000025480.

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AbstractA version of this paper was originally presented at the Fifth National Space Engineering Symposium at Canberra in November 1989. A copy of the full paper will be found in the text of the Proceedings. It is presented here because the authors believe that the issues raised and strategies suggested are as relevant to the astronomical community as they are to other areas of space science and technology.

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12

King, Barbara Amelia, and Peter Martinez. "Karel Nel and COSMOS: A Far-Reaching Artist-in-Residence Collaboration." Leonardo 55, no. 1 (2022): 82–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/leon_a_02058.

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Abstract The phenomena of the universe form a common focus for the interrelationship between art that has space as its central concern and the astronomical sciences, as both disciplines strive to observe and express the mysteries of the cosmos. An unwavering mutual interest in space and mutual respect for each discipline form the nexus between the two. Some scientific projects have artist-in-residence programs that promote innovative art/science dialogues. Although most residencies are designed for the short term, one has certainly stood the test of time. The authors analyze one 15-year collaboration between visual artist Karel Nel and Caltech’s Cosmic Evolution Survey, COSMOS.

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13

Dluzhnevskaya, Olga, and Mikhail Marov. "Odyssey of Human Creative Genius: From Astronomical Heritage to Space Technology Heritage." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 11, A29A (August 2015): 134–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921316002611.

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Astronomy was one of the most important sciences in the ancient world. It was rooted in naked eye observations and primitive stone instruments for astrometric measurements to determine the positions of the Sun, Moon, planets and some stars that had both practical and sacred meaning. That is why the majority of archaeoastronomical monuments are simultaneously observatories and sanctuaries, with burials and altars.

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14

ADAMS, FRED C., MICHAEL T. BUSHA, AUGUST E. EVRARD, and RISA H. WECHSLER. "THE ASYMPTOTIC STRUCTURE OF SPACE-TIME." International Journal of Modern Physics D 12, no. 09 (October 2003): 1743–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021827180300402x.

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Astronomical observations strongly suggest that our universe is now accelerating and contains a substantial admixture of dark vacuum energy. Using numerical simulations to study this newly consolidated cosmological model (with a constant density of dark energy), we show that astronomical structures freeze out in the near future and that the density profiles of dark matter halos approach the same general form. Every dark matter halo grows asymptotically isolated and thereby becomes the center of its own island universe. Each of these isolated regions of space-time approaches a universal geometry and we calculate the corresponding form of the space-time metric.

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15

Leeuw, Lerothodi L., Kevin Govender, Charles M. Takalana, Zara Randriamanakoto, and Alemiye Mamo. "Science strategy of the African Astronomical Society (AfAS): An outcome of the Science Business held in synergy with the IAUS 356." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 15, S356 (October 2019): 379–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s174392132000349x.

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AbstractPresented here, is a summary of discussions at African Astronomical Society (AfAS) Science Business Meeting, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 10-11 October 2019. This summary was deliberated with delegates of the International Astronomical Union (IAU) Symposium 356, during a lunch session of the meeting.

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16

Tsolmon, R., V. Oyudari, and A. Dulmaa. "Astronomical Education for public and its future development in Mongolia." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 10, H16 (August 2012): 658. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921314012782.

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International activities for astronomy began when Mongolia joined the IAU at the General Assembly held in Prague in August 2006, because space scientists, astronomers and researchers in Mongolia are coming to understand that astronomy can help Mongolian socioeconomic development. For instance, astronomy can increase general interest and encourage public engagement in the sciences.

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17

Piironen, Jukka. "Astronomical Polarimetry." Icarus 128, no. 2 (August 1997): 483. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/icar.1997.5741.

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18

Zhang, Yong, Jie Jiang, and Guangjun Zhang. "Compression of Remotely Sensed Astronomical Image Using Wavelet-Based Compressed Sensing in Deep Space Exploration." Remote Sensing 13, no. 2 (January 15, 2021): 288. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13020288.

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Compression of remotely sensed astronomical images is an essential part of deep space exploration. This study proposes a wavelet-based compressed sensing (CS) algorithm for astronomical image compression in a miniaturized independent optical sensor system, which introduces a new framework for CS in the wavelet domain. The algorithm starts with a traditional 2D discrete wavelet transform (DWT), which provides frequency information of an image. The wavelet coefficients are rearranged in a new structured manner determined by the parent–child relationship between the sub-bands. We design scanning modes based on the direction information of high-frequency sub-bands, and propose an optimized measurement matrix with a double allocation of measurement rate. Through a single measurement matrix, higher measurement rates can be simultaneously allocated to sparse vectors containing more information and coefficients with higher energy in sparse vectors. The double allocation strategy can achieve better image sampling. At the decoding side, orthogonal matching pursuit (OMP) and inverse discrete wavelet transform (IDWT) are used to reconstruct the image. Experimental results on simulated image and remotely sensed astronomical images show that our algorithm can achieve high-quality reconstruction with a low measurement rate.

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19

Celebre, Cynthia P., and Bernardo M. Soriano. "Revitalizing Astronomy in the Philippines." Transactions of the International Astronomical Union 24, no. 3 (2001): 49–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0251107x00000420.

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AbstractAware of the possibility that astronomy in the Philippines will remain as lethargic as it has been for a hundred years if drastic changes are not made, various revitalizing activities were planned in 1997 and some have been implemented. These activities were divided into five categories and included the promotion of astronomy throughout the country and the attendance of some personnel of the Atmospheric, Geophysical and Space-Sciences Branch at various international meetings. Project proposals were also prepared and submitted to various local and foreign institutions in order to acquire astronomical equipment. The Philippines also applied for, and received, associate mebership of the International Astronomical Union.

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20

Tuohy, Ian R. "A Proposal for an Australian Space Astronomy Data Centre." Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia 7, no. 1 (1987): 80–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1323358000021901.

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AbstractThe concept of a national centre for the analysis of archival and contemporary space astronomy data has been identified as a highly desirable objective by the Australian astronomical community for a number of years. With the approaching launch of the Hubble Space Telescope (HST), the time is now appropriate to actively pursue this objective. HST will generate a data archive of unique astrophysical significance over the course of the ≥ 20 year mission. It is essential that Australian astronomers have efficient access to this resource, both to maintain our position at the forefront of astronomical research, and to complement our major ground-based facilities (particularly the AAT and the Australia Telescope). An Australian facility would provide efficient access to HST data and also to the analysis tools and expertise necessary for utilizing the data. Archival data from other NASA and ESA missions could also be supported, and in the longer term, the facility could become the science centre for the Lyman/Quasat missions.This paper presents the case for an Australian Space Astronomy Data Centre, reviews the astronomy missions of relevance, and addresses the role, scope and implementation timescale of the facility. Preliminary estimates are given for the resources that will be required, and possible routes for funding the centre are outlined. Above all, the report is intended as a Discussion Paper to promote further consideration of the concept and of the service that could be provided to the Australian astronomical community.

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YAMADA, Akihiro. "Satellite Operation Control Systems for Space Science, Space^|^mdash;based Astronomical Observations and Planetary Explorations." Journal of The Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan 131, no. 10 (2011): 673–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejjournal.131.673.

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22

Trimble, Virginia, Paul Zaich, and Tammy Bosler. "Productivity and Impact of Space‐based Astronomical Facilities." Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific 118, no. 842 (April 2006): 651–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/501249.

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23

Mikayelyan, Gor A., Sona V. Farmanyan, and Areg M. Mickaelian. "Armenian Astronomical Heritage and Big Data." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 15, S367 (December 2019): 269–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s174392132100048x.

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AbstractAstronomy in Armenia was popular since ancient times and Armenia is rich in its astronomical heritage, such as ancient and medieval Armenian calendars, records of astronomical events by ancient Armenians, the astronomical heritage of the Armenian medieval great thinker Anania Shirakatsi, etc. Armenian astronomical archives have accumulated vast number of photographic plates, films and other careers of observational data. The Digitized Markarian Survey or the First Byurakan Survey, is the most important low-dispersion spectroscopic database. It is one of the rare science items included in UNESCO “Memory of the World” Documentary Heritage list. The Byurakan Astrophysical Observatory (BAO) Plate Archive Project (2015–2021) will result in digitization and storage of some 37,000 astronomical plates and films and in creation of an Electronic Database for further research projects. Based on these data and archives and development of their interoperability, the Armenian Virtual Observatory was created and joined the International Virtual Observatory Alliance.

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24

Gancheva, Irina. "SecondSummer School оn Space Research, Technology аnd Applications." Natural Science and Advanced Technology Education 31, no. 4 (August 1, 2022): 352–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.53656/nat2022-4.03.

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The Second Summer School on Space Research, Technology and Applications took place between 3 – 10 July 2022 at the National Astronomical Observatory (NAO) in Rozhen, Bulgaria. The school is held for the second year and is organized by the Branch “Cosmos” of the Union of Physicists in Bulgaria. The event brought together PhD students and young scientists, researchers in the field of space sciences. Speakers from prestigious universities and research institutions gave six lectures and two short presentations. Three practical groups were formed, which lasted a whole week, and on the last day the participants presented their results. During three half-day workshops, participants learned about new business opportunities and worked on a practical task with real data and specialized software.

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25

Hirabayashi, Hisashi. "The VSOP Mission for Extragalactic Radio Sources." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 175 (1996): 529–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900081742.

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The VSOP (VLBI Space Observatory Programme) mission is being developed by the Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), in close collaboration with the National Astronomical Observatory (NAO) of Japan. NASA and NRAO of the USA are key collaborating institutions, and most radio-telescopes world-wide will participate in some VSOP observations.

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Borra, E. F., A. M. Ritcey, R. Bergamasco, P. Laird, J. Gingras, M. Dallaire, L. Da Silva, and H. Yockell-Lelievre. "Nanoengineered astronomical optics." Astronomy & Astrophysics 419, no. 2 (May 2004): 777–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361:20034474.

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27

Aller, Lawrence H. "An Astronomical Rescue." Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics 33, no. 1 (September 1995): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.aa.33.090195.000245.

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28

Connes, Pierre. "Absolute astronomical accelerometry." Astrophysics and Space Science 110, no. 2 (1985): 211–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00653671.

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29

Ribeiro, V. A. R. M., P. Russo, and A. Cárdenas-Avendaño. "A SURVEY OF ASTRONOMICAL RESEARCH: A BASELINE FOR ASTRONOMICAL DEVELOPMENT." Astronomical Journal 146, no. 6 (October 22, 2013): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0004-6256/146/6/138.

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Enke, Harry, Matthias Steinmetz, Hans-Martin Adorf, Alexander Beck-Ratzka, Frank Breitling, Thomas Brüsemeister, Arthur Carlson, et al. "AstroGrid-D: Grid technology for astronomical science." New Astronomy 16, no. 2 (February 2011): 79–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.newast.2010.07.005.

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Kleshchonok, V. V., V. L. Karbovsky, M. I. Buromsky, M. V. Lashko, Yu M. Gorbanev, V. I. Kashuba, C. R. Kimakovskiy, et al. "Star occultation by small bodies of the Solar system: current state of observations in Ukraine." Kosmìčna nauka ì tehnologìâ 28, no. 5 (October 28, 2022): 56–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/knit2022.05.056.

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Observations of stars’ occultations by small bodies of the Solar system allow solving of a series of problems described in this article. The Main Astronomical Observatory of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, together with the Astronomical Observatory of the Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, created a software and hardware complex for observing the star coatings with long-focus telescopes. The complex uses a highly sensitive Apogee Alta U47 CCD camera in time delay integration (TDI) mode. It also includes a focus reducer with a block of light filters. The stationary variant of the complex can be used on the AZT-2 telescope of MAO NAS of Ukraine and the AZT-14 of the Lesniki observation station. The mobile complex is also made on the basis of the telescope of Newton’s system (D = 203 mm, F = 1200 mm) and the computerized installation of Sky-Watcher EQ-5 with the GOTO system for field observations. The worth of occultation observations increases significantly when using several observation points. To this end, we have initiated the gathering of the group of observers and their instrumentation from Ukrainian astronomical institutions, both professional and amateur. The Odesa Astronomical Observatory is presented in the group by the Richie-Chrétien telescope OMT-800 (D = 800 mm, F = 2134 mm) with the CCD camera QHY174M GPS at the Mayaki station and Schmidt system telescope (D = 271.25 mm, F = 440 mm) with the “VIDEO SCAN-415-2001” camera at the Kryzhanivka station. The group also includes several amateur observatories. Among them, there are stations in the village of Petrovka in the Odesa region, the astronomical observatory of Lozova school in the Ternopil region, private astronomical observatory L33 at Ananiiv, the Odesa region, and private observatory L58 “Heavenly Owl” in the town of Velikodolinskoye, the Odesa region. A description of the equipment used in these observation points and several examples of effective observations of occultations obtained by this group are given.

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Wamsteker, W., and R. E. M. Griffin. "Astronomical archives and their importance for knowledge transfer in Basic Space Science." Astrophysics and Space Science 228, no. 1-2 (June 1995): 385–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00984992.

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Consolmagno, Guy. "Space and the Papacy." Religions 11, no. 12 (December 7, 2020): 654. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel11120654.

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There has always been a powerful connection in human consciousness between the beauty and otherworldliness of the night sky, and humanity’s religious yearnings toward a reality beyond the mundane. When Pope Leo XIII established an astronomical observatory in 1891, it was as a way of demonstrating the Church’s support of science; his choice of astronomy in particular was based primarily on the Holy See’s already established good reputation in the field, and specific opportunities for international collaborations. Nonetheless, since its founding, Popes have taken advantage of the natural connection between sky and “heaven” to promote the exploration of space as a way of coming closer, emotionally and intellectually, to the Creator. However, the nature of how this connection is understood has changed significantly over the past 125 years, most recently with the challenges of the Space Age.

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Klioner, S. A. "Relativistic scaling of astronomical quantities and the system of astronomical units." Astronomy & Astrophysics 478, no. 3 (December 12, 2007): 951–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361:20077786.

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Kuznetsov, E. D., T. I. Levitskaya, and A. M. Sobolev. "History and activities of the Kourovka astronomical observatory of the Ural university." Heritage and Modern Times 4, no. 3 (November 23, 2021): 314–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.52883/2619-0214-2021-4-3-314-327.

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The history of origin and scientific activities of the suburban Astronomical Observatory of the Ural University are associated with K.A. Barkhatova’s life and work, among her achievements were restoration of the Department of Astronomy and Geodesy in 1960, and the resumption of the training of specialists in astronomy and geodesy. The First satellite launch on October 4, 1957 was great stimulus for the opening of department. A station for optical observations of satellites was organized in Sverdlovsk. Successful scientific and academic work of the department required a modern, properly equipped suburban observatory. Yu.A. Gagarin flight around the Earth on April 12, 1961 aroused unprecedented interest in astronomy and space among people and accelerated the resolution of the issue of an observatory construction. K.A. Barkhatova, with the support of colleagues from the Astronomical Council of the USSR Academy of Sciences, other observatories of the country, rector of the Ural University, and the public took up the construction. In 1963 the observatory near Kourovka station was founded. January 12, 1965 is considered to be the birthday of the new observatory. K.A. Barkhatova was it’s scientific adviser; at present, the observatory is named after her. The observatory performs observations on modern equipment, conducts excursions for students, teachers and public. Each year, the observatory hosts a student scientific conference "Physics of Space" – a unique astronomical school for young students and graduate students.

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Stoeva, Penka, and Alexey Stoev. "Informal astronomy education in Bulgaria at the beginning of the XXI century: organization, continuum, results." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 15, S367 (December 2019): 363–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921321000016.

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AbstractThe report shows the current opportunities for obtaining astronomical knowledge in school and outside it, through the use of non-formal education. These are school and extracurricular activities, schools, astronomical competitions and Olympiads, observation expeditions. For 25 years Bulgaria has been participating in the International Olympiads in Astronomy and Astronomy and Astrophysics with National Teams. The role and place of the system of Public Astronomical Observatories and Planetaria in the system of non-formal education in astronomy are discussed (In Bulgaria there are 7 Public astronomical observatories with a planetarium). Specialized activities in their school forms allow the formation of sustainable astronomical knowledge and observational habits.

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WILL, CLIFFORD M. "Testing General Relativity in Space-borne and Astronomical Laboratories." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 571, no. 1 Texas Symposi (December 1989): 288–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1989.tb50516.x.

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38

Ye, Xinchen, Hailong Zhang, Yan Zhu, Jie Wang, Tohtonur Ergesh, and Huijuan Li. "Design and Implementation of Xinjiang Astronomical Observatory Astronomical Data Transmission Visualization System." Advances in Astronomy 2019 (April 2, 2019): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/8741027.

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With the development of astronomical observation technology, astronomical devices produce more data than ever. Astronomical telescopes are usually far away from city, so the long-distance data transmission between telescope and data center faces great challenges. Visualization system of astronomical data transmission with four-layer structure was built to manage data transmission. This visualization system has a four-layer structure: hardware layer, system layer, middle layer, and visualization layer. System function includes automatic data transmission, log recording of transmission process, and display of the transmission status in dynamic web pages. Besides, the middle layer contains an alarm subsystem that can automatically send system exceptions to administrator. We also design corresponding mechanisms to ensure the high stability of the system and to control the data transmission when the network is unstable through adaptive algorithms. In test, this visualization system can run stably for a long time in unmanned manner. This system also provides a solution for the astronomical observation bases to automatically transmit data to the data center.

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Chen, Tao, and Aigen Li. "Synthesizing carbon nanotubes in space." Astronomy & Astrophysics 631 (October 18, 2019): A54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201935789.

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Context. As the fourth most abundant element in the universe, carbon (C) is widespread in the interstellar medium (ISM) in various allotropic forms (e.g. fullerenes have been identified unambiguously in many astronomical environments, the presence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon molecules in space has been commonly acknowledged, and presolar graphite, as well as nanodiamonds, have been identified in meteorites). As stable allotropes of these species, whether carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and their hydrogenated counterparts are also present in the ISM or not is unknown. Aims. The aim of the present works is to explore the possible routes for the formation of CNTs in the ISM and calculate their fingerprint vibrational spectral features in the infrared (IR). Methods. We studied the hydrogen-abstraction and acetylene-addition (HACA) mechanism and investigated the synthesis of nanotubes using density functional theory (DFT). The IR vibrational spectra of CNTs and hydrogenated nanotubes (HNTs), as well as their cations, were obtained with DFT. Results. We find that CNTs could be synthesized in space through a feasible formation pathway. CNTs and cationic CNTs, as well as their hydrogenated counterparts, exhibit intense vibrational transitions in the IR. Their possible presence in the ISM could be investigated by comparing the calculated vibrational spectra with astronomical observations made by the Infrared Space Observatory, Spitzer Space Telescope, and particularly the upcoming James Webb Space Telescope.

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40

Redding, D. C. "Control challenges from space- and ground-based astronomical telescopes." Control Engineering Practice 2, no. 3 (June 1994): 469–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0967-0661(94)90785-4.

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TRIMBLE, VIRGINIA. "TIME SCALES FOR ACHIEVING ASTRONOMICAL CONSENSUS." International Journal of Modern Physics D 17, no. 06 (June 2008): 831–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271808012590.

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The history of science can be recounted in many ways: by addressing the work of one person or school; by starting with the ancients and working chronologically up to the present; by focusing on a particular century; or by tracing a particular important idea as far back and forward as it can be found. The present discussion does none of these. Rather, it adopts the ordering of a standard introductory astronomy textbook, from the solar system via stars and galaxies, to the universe as a whole, and in each regime picks out a few issues that were controversial or wrongly decided for a long time. For each, I attempt to identify a duration of the period of uncertainty or error and some of the causes of the confusion. This is surely not an original idea, though I am not aware of having encountered it elsewhere, and it is not one that is likely to appeal to most 21st century historians of science, for whom the question "Who first got it right?" is not necessarily an important, or even appropriate, one. Some of the stories have been told as historical introductions to conferences and are here summarized and brought up to date. Others I had not previously addressed.

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Kylafis, N. D., and C. Norman. "On pumping astronomical masers." Astrophysical Journal 300 (January 1986): L73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/184606.

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Cernicharo, J., C. A. Gottlieb, M. Guelin, T. C. Killian, G. Paubert, P. Thaddeus, and J. M. Vrtilek. "Astronomical detection of H2CCC." Astrophysical Journal 368 (February 1991): L39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/185943.

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Cernicharo, J., C. A. Gottlieb, M. Guelin, T. C. Killian, P. Thaddeus, and J. M. Vrtilek. "Astronomical detection of H2CCCC." Astrophysical Journal 368 (February 1991): L43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/185944.

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45

Elitzur, Moshe. "Fluctuations in astronomical masers." Astrophysical Journal 370 (March 1991): L45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/185973.

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Mao, Wei, Lei Yang, and Qiong-Xian Tie. "On Astronomical Atmospheric Refraction." Chinese Astronomy and Astrophysics 32, no. 4 (October 2008): 439–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chinastron.2008.10.011.

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47

Longair, Malcolm. "History of astronomical discoveries." Experimental Astronomy 25, no. 1-3 (February 5, 2009): 241–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10686-009-9145-x.

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Kahl Kristensen, L. "Astronomical refraction and airmass." Astronomische Nachrichten: News in Astronomy and Astrophysics 319, no. 3 (1998): 193–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/asna.2123190313.

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49

Kaifu, N. "Steps Toward the Moon-Based Astronomy Planning in Japan." Highlights of Astronomy 11, no. 2 (1998): 980–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1539299600019353.

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AbstractLunar surface is, in spite of disadvantages on payload compared with those in the distant orbits, extremely attractive for future astronomical observations with large and complicated observing instruments. The Moon will provide firm and large base, very stable temperature and low background in some selected sites. In addition, the aids of human activities on the Moon can be expected in the near future. We have been discussing the small but realistic steps toward the future Moon-based astronomy, as part of Japanese lunar exploration plans with HI rockets. The fundamental Policy of Japan’s Space Development which was approved by Space Activities Commission in 1996 described that Japan will continuously promote unmanned lunar exploration and study the feasibility of a systematic exploration program for science and possible activities on the Moon, under a phase-by-phase approach. The plan includes a possibility of astronomical observations on the lunar surface.Some pilot-type astronomical plans, starting from very small-size telescopes in optical/IR and mm-wave etc. are under discussion. We report here on the general background, discussion including proposed plans, and steps toward the future moon-based observatories.

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Yu, Yong, Jian-Hai Zhao, Zheng-Hong Tang, and Zheng-Jun Shang. "Digitizer of astronomical plates at Shanghai Astronomical Observatory and its performance test." Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 17, no. 3 (February 2017): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1674-4527/17/3/28.

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