Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Astronomical and Space Sciences'
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Tshenye, Thapelo Obed. "Quality control of astronomical CCD observations." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/4409.
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Lawrence, Tracy Jean. "Assessing high school students' conceptions of the size, age, and distance of astronomical objects." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2004. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2525.
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The purpose of this research study is to identify student conceptions about the size, distance, and age of various objects associated with space science. After reviewing the literature related to this study, there seems to be a need for continued research at the high school level in the field of astronomy conceptualization.
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Mushaikwa, Ngonidzashe. "Investigating Pre-service Natural Science Teachers’ perceptions of earth in space through spatial modelling and argumentation." University of the Western Cape, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4427.
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Magister Educationis - MEdThis study involves a group of pre-service teachers who are specialising in Science and Mathematics education at a university in the Western Cape province of South Africa. The aim of the study was to investigate perceptions about the earth in space held by the pre-service natural science teachers. A related aim was to create awareness among the prospective teachers about various views that people hold about the earth as against the scientifically valid view (Govender, 2009, Plummer & Zahm, 2010, Schneps & Sadler, 1989). To determine and improve the prospective teachers’ perceptions and awareness about the significance of the earth in space the study adopted the dialogical argumentation model (DAIM) and spatial modelling as a theoretical framework (Ogunniyi, 2013). Further, the study used pre- and post-test data based on the responses of the pre-service teachers to questionnaires, focus group interviews and reflective diaries. The data set was analysed using a mixed methods approach (qualitative and quantitative). Results from the study show that most the pre-service teachers involved in the study hold both scientific and alternative conceptions about the earth in space. However, they seem to suppress the latter because they believe them to be unscientific. In addition they believe that their role is to impart scientific knowledge to learners. As has been revealed in a number of studies, some of the prospective teachers did not have much background in geography.
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Moore, Christopher Samuel. "Atomic Layer Deposition Re ective Coatings for future Astronomical Space Telescopes and the Solar Corona viewed through the MinXSS (Miniature X-ray Solar Spectrometer) CubeSats." Thesis, University of Colorado at Boulder, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10680697.
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Advances in technology and instrumentation open new windows for observing astrophysical objects. The first half of my dissertation involves the development of atomic layer deposition (ALD) coatings to create high reflectivity UV mirrors for future satellite astronomical telescopes. Aluminum (Al) has intrinsic reflectance greater than 80% from 90 ? 2,000 nm, but develops a native aluminum oxide (Al2O3) layer upon exposure to air that readily absorbs light below 250 nm. Thus, Al based UV mirrors must be protected by a transmissive overcoat. Traditionally, metal-fluoride overcoats such as MgF2 and LiF are used to mitigate oxidation but with caveats. We utilize a new metal fluoride (AlF3) to protect Al mirrors deposited by ALD. ALD allows for precise thickness control, conformal and near stoichiometric thin films. We prove that depositing ultra-thin (~3 nm) ALD ALF3 to protect Al mirrors after removing the native oxide layer via atomic layer etching (ALE) enhances the reflectance near 90 nm from ~5% to ~30%. X-ray detector technology with high readout rates are necessary for the relatively bright Sun, particularly during large flares. The hot plasma in the solar corona generates X-rays, which yield information on the physical conditions of the plasma. The second half of my dissertation includes detector testing, characterization and solar science with the Miniature X-ray Solar Spectrometer (MinXSS) CubeSats. The MinXSS CubeSats employ Silicon Drift Diode (SDD) detectors called X123, which generate full sun spectrally resolved (~0.15 FWHM at 5.9 keV) measurements of the sparsely measured, 0.5 ? 12 keV range. The absolute radiometric calibration of the MinXSS instrument suite was performed at the National Institute for Standards and Technology (NIST) Synchrotron Ultraviolet Radiation Facility (SURF) and spectral resolution determined from radioactive sources. I used MinXSS along with data from the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites (GOES), Reuven Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager (RHESSI), Hinode X-ray Telescope (XRT), Hinode Extreme Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrometer (EIS) and Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) to study the solar corona. This resulted in new insights on the coronal temperature distribution and elemental abundance variations for quiescence, active regions and during solar flares.
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Rao, Yong. "The astronomical observation system of 12" telescope : its automatic control system and astronomical application /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1997. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B1877698X.
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De, Smet Elsa. "Voir pour Savoir. La visualisation technique et scientifique de l’aventure spatiale dans le monde occidental entre 1840 et 1969." Thesis, Paris 4, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA040160.
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Entre la première photographie jamais prise de la Lune en 1840 par J.W. Draper et la première photographie prise depuis le sol de notre satellite en 1969 par la mission Apollo 11, l’aventure spatiale occidentale a donné lieu à une vaste production d’images. Toutes ont cherché à comprendre, capturer et communiquer au plus grand nombre l’aspect du cosmos. Absorbé comme une évidence par la culture collective, ce corpus hétérogène, protéiforme et aux délimitations complexes, relève d’une histoire culturelle qui reste difficile à classer, entre histoire des sciences et histoire des images. Les visualisations qui en résultent, marquées par les traditions de l’histoire de la représentation et fabriquées en parallèle des évolutions technologiques de l’astronomie et de ses moyens d’observation, ont tout autant façonné le regard de l’astronomie physique et la culture visuelle de ses observateurs néophytes. L’analyse de la formation et de l’épanouissement de l’Art spatial au XXe siècle nous ouvre ainsi les yeux sur un corpus visuel où la coalescence entre science et style est une condition nécessaire à son existence. A l’épreuve de l’histoire de l’histoire de l’art et des études visuelles, ce dernier trouve également toute sa place dans une analyse qui vise à dévoiler la puissance et la qualité performative des images. Qu’il s’agisse d’une imagerie vulgarisant le savoir savant à des fins didactiques, d’une volonté de saisir l’image du cosmos pour le découvrir ou d’une dissémination culturelle au cœur des grands mythes du siècle, l’exploration spatiale fut aussi une entreprise du regard qu’il nous incombe d’observerBetween the first photograph taken from the moon in 1840 by J.W. Draper and the first photograph taken from our satellite’s ground in 1969 by Apollo 11’s mission, western space odyssey led to a wide range of images. They all had the common goal of understanding, apprehending and sharing the aspect of cosmos with as many people as possible. Evidently absorbed by a collective culture, this heterogeneous and multifaceted corpus with many complex boundaries is based on a cultural history, which remains hard to classify, between science history and images history. The resulting visualizations, heavily influenced by the traditions of the history of representation and made in parallel of the technical evolutions of astronomy and its means of observation, have equally shaped the look of physical astronomy and of the visual culture of its neophyte observers. The analysis of the creation and the fulfilment of Space Art in the twentieth century make us open our eyes on a visual corpus where the coalescence between science and style is a necessary condition to its really existence. Confronted to History of Arts and to visual studies, this corpus finds its place within an analysis, which pursues to disclose the power and the performative quality of images. Whether it be an imagery popularizing the deepest knowledge for teaching purposes, a will of grabbing the image of cosmos in order to discover it or a cultural dissemination at the heart of the most important myths of the century, spatial exploration was also an experience of the look we need to observe
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饒勇 and Yong Rao. "The astronomical observation system of 12" telescope: its automatic control system and astronomical application." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1997. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31214587.
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Rauf, Kani Mustafa. "Astronomical relevance of materials from Earth and space : a laboratory study." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2010. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/55014/.
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The present study used scanning and transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive analysis of X-rays (EDAX) and spectroscopy (FTIR, UV-Visible and fluorescence) to examine terrestrial materials of possible astronomical significance (Oedogonium sp., Enteromopha intestinalis, Pelvetia canaliculata, Fucus vesiculosus, Bacillus cereus, Staphyllococcus aureus, poppy seed, chlorophylls 'a' and 'b', Panicum maximum, anthracite, bituminous coal, naphthalene), the Tagish lake and Carancas meteorites, a Kerala red rain sample and stratospheric air particles collected at altitudes of 38-41 km. The study was designed to determine if any of the terrestrial samples could be proposed as an effective model for the interpretation of astronomical spectroscopic observations. The study also set out to search for evidence to shed light on the origin of these meteorites, red rain and stratospheric air particles. The spectra of all the terrestrial samples (including the meteorites) exhibited absorptions in the Mid-IR region, similar to astronomical features displayed by a variety of galactic sources. Algae (Odeogonium sp.) in particular produced the largest number of absorption peaks, most of which matched those of the astronomical emission spectra of PPNe and also the UIBs. Based on these observations, algae could be defended as a biological model for the interpretation of UIBs and PPNe, and a potential candidate for interstellar material. Coal and semi anthracite, that can be regarded as steps in the degradation of biomaterial, preserve the UIB-PPNe spectral features to varying degrees. The results are consistent with the panspermia theory of Hoyle and Wickramasinghe. UV-Visible studies were also conducted on all these materials. The main absorption feature was one close to 217.5 nm (2175 A). The normalized (averaged) spectrum of the whole sequence of biological materials and their degradation products absorption feature at 217.5 nm (2175 A) further support the contention that aromatic molecules in biological materials are responsible for the interstellar absorption feature centred at 217.5 nm.
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Jones, Scott Curtis, and University of Lethbridge Faculty of Arts and Science. "Astronomical submillimetre Fourier transform spectroscopy from the Herschel Space Observatory and the JCMT." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Dept. of Physics & Astronomy, c2010, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/2486.
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Fourier transform spectroscopy (FTS) is one of the premier ways to collect source information
through emitted radiation. It is so named because the principal measurement technique
involves the analysis of spectra determined from the Fourier transform of a time-domain
interference pattern. Given options in the field, many space- and ground-based instruments
have selected Fourier transform spectrometers for their measurements.
The Herschel Space Observatory, launched on May 14, 2009, has three on-board
instruments. One, SPIRE, comprises a FTS paired with bolometer detector arrays.
SCUBA-2 (Submillimetre Common User Bolometer Array) and FTS-2 have recently
been commissioned and will be mounted within the collecting dish of the James
Clerk Maxwell Telescope by Fall, 2010.
The use of FTS in these two observatories will be examined. While work towards
each project is independently useful, the thesis is bound by the commonality between the
two, as each seeks similar answers from vastly different viewpoints.xvii, 123 leaves : ill. (some col.) ; 29 cm
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Koen, Marthinus Christoffel. "The analysis of some bivariate astronomical time series." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/17341.
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Bibliography: pages 75-76.In the first part of the thesis, a linear time domain transfer function is fitted to satellite observations of a variable galaxy, NGC5548. The transfer functions relate an input series (ultraviolet continuum flux) to an output series (emission line flux). The methodology for fitting transfer function is briefly described. The autocorrelation structure of the observations of NGC5548 in different electromagnetic spectral bands is investigated, and appropriate univariate autoregressive moving average models given. The results of extensive transfer function fitting using respectively the λ1337 and λ1350 continuum variations as input series, are presented. There is little evidence for a dead time in the response of the emission line variations which are presumed driven by the continuum. Part 2 of the thesis is devoted to the estimation of the lag between two irregularly spaced astronomical time series. Lag estimation methods which have been used in the astronomy literature are reviewed. Some problems are pointed out, particularly the influence of autocorrelation and non-stationarity of the series. If the two series can be modelled as random walks, both these problems can be dealt with efficiently. Maximum likelihood estimation of the random walk and measurement error variances, as well as the lag between the two series, is discussed. Large-sample properties of the estimators are derived. An efficient computational procedure for the likelihood which exploits the sparseness of the covariance matrix, is briefly described. Results are derived for two example data sets: the variations in the two gravitationally lensed images of a quasar, and brightness changes of the active galaxy NGC3783 in two different wavelengths. The thesis is concluded with a brief consideration of other analysis methods which appear interesting.
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O'Donnell, D. V. (Daniel V. ). 1983. "An infrared survey of galaxy clusters with the Spitzer Space Telescope /." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=111564.
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We present the observations, reduction and preliminary analysis of a sample of 45 mid-to-high redshift galaxy clusters imaged with the Spitzer Space Telescope's MIPS camera at 24 ~m and selected from the Red Sequence Cluster Survey. The purpose of the data set is motivated by a broad review of studies into the evolutionary trends of galaxy clusters and their constituent galaxy populations, focusing specifically on recent results that indicate clusters are environmental drivers of dusty starburst and active galactic nuclei activity. To accommodate the large amount of data in hand, we have constructed an extensive data reduction pipeline for the MIPS data and describe its development and output in detail. Using the resulting catalogues for introductory analysis, we find strong evidence for an excess luminous infrared galaxy population in galaxy clusters at high redshift and discuss the implications of this discovery in terms of cluster evolution and motivate future work.
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Kim, Jihun. "Assembly of a large common mount astronomical interferometer." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3559991.
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A large multi-aperture telescope has the potential to reach the diffraction limit corresponding to its baseline. To do so, Adaptive Optics (AO) and beam combination are critical to good performance. Operation as an interferometer is a complicated mode for the telescope. The system now has much tighter tolerances and is difficult to align. The alignment process needs to be planned in multiple steps, and tolerance and sensitivity analysis needs to be performed for each step. Alignment tools can be prepared based on the resolution found in the sensitivity analysis in each step.
Random fluctuation is another critical factor that reduces system performance. If noise sources near the telescope are characterized and identified, image quality can be improved by post-image processing.
Measuring the outer scale of atmosphere is also helpful for understanding the system performance. The fringe tracking method in the Large Binocular Telescope Interferometer (LBTI) system provides optical path difference (OPD) variation, and the power spectral density of the OPD variation is used to estimate the size of the outer scale. However, this method is limited by the baseline of the LBTI by 5[special characters omitted] B, where B is the baseline, and by this equation the outer scale size which is able to be estimated should be more than 125 m.
AO simulation can provide an understanding of new AO system concepts and parameter variations before they are applied to the real system. In this dissertation study, we simulated an LBTI system with structural vibration of 10 Hz and 20 Hz and with various amplitudes. From the simulation, we learned that the slower bandwidth of piston-correcting systems allows stars as faint as ~13the magnitude to be observed. If there is significant vibration on the structure, the increased bandwidth will limit the phasing stars to 10~11th magnitudes. This demonstrates the limits of the LBTI system regarding structural vibration.
An alternative phasing sensor for the LBTI system, the pseudo phasing sensor, can be used for more than 1000 m of outer scale of atmosphere. If the direct phasing sensor embedded in the LBTI system cannot be used for a very faint star, the pseudo phasing sensor, which approximately estimates the phase difference by AO wavefront sensor, can be useful for atmospheric conditions with estimated outer scale of about 1000 m.
The analyses in this dissertation provide a partial guide for developing large-scale telescopes and astronomical instruments.
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Saint-Jacques, David. "Astronomical seeing in space and time : a study of atmospheric turbulence in Spain and England, 1994-98." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1999. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/251667.
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Bosson, Jonathan. "Multi-Touch Interfaces for Public Exploration and Navigation in Astronomical Visualizations." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Medie- och Informationsteknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-141687.
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OpenSpace is an interactive data visualization software system that portrays the entire known universe in a 3D simulation. Current navigation interface requires explanations, which prohibits OpenSpace to be displayed effectively in public exhibitions. Research has been shown that using large tangible touch surfaces with a multi-touch navigation interface is more engaging to users than mouse and keyboard as well as enhances the understanding of navigation control, thus decreasing the required instructions to learn the systems user interface. This thesis shows that combining a velocity-based interaction model together with a screen-space direct-manipulation formulation produces a user-friendly interface. Giving the user precise control of objects and efficient travels in between in the vastness of space. This thesis presents the work of integrating a multi-touch navigation interface with a combined formulation of velocity-based interaction and screen-space direct-manipulation into the software framework OpenSpace.
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Ruprecht, Jessica Dawn. "Astronomical studies of solar system bodies 2060 Chiron and 1 Ceres." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/82301.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, 2013.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 43-45).
In this thesis two separate projects are investigated, a stellar occultation by 2060 Chiron and rotationally resolved spectra of 1 Ceres. On 29 November 2011 UT, 2060 Chiron occulted a 14-mag star; data were successfully obtained at the 3-m IRTF on Mauna Kea and 2-m Faulkes North Telescope at Haleakala. The IRTF lightcurve shows a solid-body detection of Chiron's nucleus with a chord lasting 16.04 seconds, corresponding to a chord length of 158±14 km. Symmetric, dual extinction features in the Faulkes light curve indicate the presence of optically thick material roughly 300 km from the body midpoint. The duration of the features indicates a ~ 3 km feature separated by 10-14 km from a second - 7 km feature. The symmetry, optical thickness, and narrow size of these features allows for the intriguing possibility of a near-circular arc or shell of material. Rotationally resolved spectra of Ceres in the 0.43-0.85 micron range were observed using the DeVeny spectrograph on the Perkins 72-inch telescope at Lowell Observatory. Spectral differences as a function of phase were investigated. It is concluded that Ceres' surface is uniform at the 1% level at visible wavelengths. Additionally, the 0.6 and 0.67 pm features reported by Vilas and McFadden [1992] and Fornasier et al. [1999] are not seen at any phase at the 1% level.
by Jessica Dawn Ruprecht.
S.M.
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Hashmi, Ali Javed. "Novel architectures for broadband free-space optical communications: deep-space and terrestrial optical links." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/33992.
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The main objective of this research is to design, simulate, and evaluate telescope array-based receiver architectures for the inter-planetary optical communication links, which is able to provide broadband data support for future deep-space and universe exploration missions. The major aspects of this research are as follows: (1) evaluation and performance comparison of telescope arrays-based receiver with a large, monolithic telescope-based receiver, (2) mathematical modeling and analysis of the impact of various limiting factors (i.e., background noise, atmospheric turbulence, synchronization and tracking errors) on the performance of optical array receiver, (3) design and evaluation of subsystems and adaptive signal processing algorithms for the mitigation of the above-mentioned deleterious effects, and (4) development of an end-to-end simulation and analysis platform for an optical communication link between a transmitter in Mars orbit and an Earth-based array receiver after integration of the proposed sub-systems.
In the second part of this research, I aim to extend the analysis to the free-space, short-range, terrestrial optical communication links. In this part, the objective is the development of the efficient simulation tools for the analysis of receiver performance and optical beam propagation through turbulent atmospheric channel. In the experimental part of the research, the investigation of the use of adaptive optics (AO) subsystems for turbulence and background noise compensation in the deep-space optical communication links will be carried out.
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Leite, Cristina. "Formação do professor de Ciências em Astronomia: uma proposta com enfoque na espacialidade." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/48/48134/tde-05062007-110016/.
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Trata-se do desenvolvimento e da avaliação de um curso de formação continuada no tema da Astronomia, dirigido aos professores de Ciências da escola pública de São Paulo. Cerca de treze atividades foram articuladas, levando-se me consideração o desenvolvimento de elementos da espacialidade, como proporções e mudanças de perspectivas. A principal razão desse enfoque está na grande dificuldade dos professores em relação ao que Piaget chama de \'centração\' ou \'não coordenação\' de perspectivas, ou seja, um apego ao ponto de vista único e primeiro, com ausência de articulações entre o que eles vêem e aquilo que estudam. Dessa forma, o embate entre as observações primeiras e, algumas vezes, ingênuas dos professores e o conhecimento cientifico em questões fizeram parte de todas as atividades do curso. Algumas das atividades do curso são: debates sobre a forma da Terra e dos demais astros, movimentos da Lua e da Terra na explicação dos fenômenos, a construção em escala das dimensões \'tempo\' e \'espaço\' no estudo das proporções e da dinâmica de movimento dos planetas no Sistema Solar, visita a um planetário e estudo de um programa simulador da observação celeste. Também fez parte do curso a discussão sobre o aprendizado dos professores em relação à forma, às proporções e, principalmente, ao estabelecido estabelecimento de conexões entre o todo e a parte, relativas não apenas aos objetivos astronômicos como às relações entre eles através dos fenômenos. Participaram da pesquisa dez professores de Ciências que já tinham ministrado conteúdo de Astronomia no ensino fundamental. Uma construção tridimensional do Universo através de uma maquete, realizada individualmente, foi utilizada como pré-teste. No final do curso, em re-olhar avaliativo de cada professor sobre a sua construção inicial fez parte da avaliação do curso. O material de analise, além dos pré e pós-teste, foram gravações em vídeo das atividades e gravações e áudio das avaliações diárias dos membros da equipe de pesquisadores. Verificamos que os temas que necessitamos de mudanças de perspectivas mais freqüentes foram os mais difíceis de serem compreendidos, como as fases da Lua, em que os movimentos tanto da Lua quanto da Terra nos obrigam a rever constantemente suas posições relativas. Os professores relatam em vários momentos que sua percepção em relação à Terra, à Lua, às estações do ano e às proporções do Sistema Solar melhorou muito e que a natureza tridimensional das atividades foi importante para a compreensão da composição espacial dos astros, tornando a concepção destes mais real e dinâmica para eles. Observamos, pela natureza das reflexões dos professores, que este curso ultrapassou a dimensão do conteúdo, possibilitando a eles re-pensarem a sua prática docente ao tomar consciência das habilidades e das dificuldades inerentes a estufo da Astronomia.It is about the development and the evaluation of a course of continuing teaching in the theme of the Astronomy, to the Science teachers of the public school of São Paulo. About thirteen activities were articulated, being taken into account the development of elements of the three-dimensional space, as proportion and perspective changes. The main reason of that focus is the teacher\'s great difficulty concerning to what Piaget calls centered or no coordination of perspectives, in other words, an insistence on the only and first point of view, with absence of articulations between what they see and what they study. In what, the confrontation between the first and, sometimes, naïve observations of the teachers and the scientific knowledge was part of all of the course activities. Some of the course activities were: debates about the form of the Earth and the other stars, movements of the Moon and of the Earth for the explanation of the phenomena, the construction in scale of \'time\' and \'space\' during the study of the proportions and the dynamics of the planets movement in the Solar System, the visitation of a planetarium and the study of a program simulator of the celestial observation. The teachers\' learning about the form, the proportion and, mainly, the establishment of connections between the whole and the part, relative not just to the astronomical objects, but also to the relationship among them through the phenomena were also part of the course discussion. Ten teachers of science that already taught contents of Astronomy in the elementary school participated in the research. The individual construction of a three-dimensional Universe through a maquette was used as pretest. As part of the course evaluation, each teacher evaluated his/her own initial construction. Video recordings of the activities and audio recordings of the daily evaluations of the members of the researchers\' team were also material of analysis. We verified that the themes that need more frequent changes of perspectives were the most difficult of being understood, as the phases of the Moon, in which the movements of the Moon and of the Earth force us to review their relative positions constantly. The teachers tell in several moments that their perception of the Earth, of the Moon, of the seasons and of the proportion of the Solar System got better and that the three-dimensional nature of the activities was important to the comprehension of the spatial composition of the stars, turning this conception more real and dynamic for them. We observed, by the nature of the teachers\' reflections, that this course crossed the dimension of the content, making possible for them to reflect about their educational practice when they take conscience of the abilities and the inherent difficulties to the Astronomy study.
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Jeffries, Lindies, Sameep Arora, Ryan Bronson, Marco Colpo, Evelyn Hunten, Lindies Jeffries, Sameep Arora, Ryan Bronson, Marco Colpo, and Evelyn Hunten. "Space Objects Behavioral Sciences Telescope." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625013.
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Traditional academic Space Situational Awareness (SSA) research has relied on Consumer Off the Shelf (COTS) systems for collecting metric and lightcurve data. Herein, we present an alternative approach to develop a sensor system for space object characterization. Two 0.6-meter F/4 electro-optical (EO) systems were developed for collecting lightcurve and spectral data. The optomechanical design includes over 200 individual parts and was modeled using SolidWorks. Optical design analysis was performed with raytracing software (ZEMAX). A combinations of test, analysis, inspection, and demonstration procedures verified the components of the design. Methods to complete this project include finite element analysis of mechanical components, optical testing methods (Focault Knife Edge Test and Couder Mask Test), tests to verify the function of the thermometers, and a final pointing model test. The entire cost of the design and fabrication of these two EO systems was significantly lower than a COTS alternative. With careful planning and coordination, the deployment times were also reduced compared to a commercial system. This project shows that development of hardware and software for SSA research could be accomplished in an academic environment.
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Denis, Jean Marc. "Characterization of online archives of astronomical imaging vis-a-vis serendipitous asteroids, and their astrometric properties." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2012. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/5186.
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The identification of known asteroids on existing CCD pictures would allow us to obtain accurate astrometric and photometric asteroid properties. Some asteroids might have ambiguous orbital elements, thus their identification along with their exact positions on multiple picture frames could significantly improve their orbital elements. Furthermore, the possibility of identifying known asteroids on older pictures, sometimes preceding their discovery date, might allow the study of non-gravitational effects like the Yarkovsky effect. Identifying a potential Yarkovsky effect on asteroids is challenging because it is extremely weak. However, this effect cumulates with time, therefore, it is necessary to find astronomical pictures that are as old as possible. In addition, we need to collect high quality CCD pictures and use a methodology that would allow obtaining a statistically significant sample of asteroids. To accomplish this, we decided to use the online archive of the Subaru telescope at Mauna Kea Hawaii because it has a prime-focus camera with a very high resolution of 80 millions pixels very well suited to capture serendipitous asteroids. In addition, the Subaru online archive has pictures from the last 10 years. The methodology used in this thesis is to build a database that contains the orbital elements of all the known asteroids, allowing us to write a program that calculates the approximate position of all the asteroids at the date and time of each CCD picture we collect. To obtain a more precise position, the program also interfaces the JPL NASA Horizons on-line computation service. Every time an asteroid is found on a picture, Horizons sends its theoretical location back to the program. A later visual identification of this asteroid at this theoretical location on the picture triggers its input into our sample for further study. This method allowed us to visually confirm 508 distinct asteroids on 692 frames with an average diameter of 3.6 km. Finally, we use the theory (given in appendix A) to calculate the theoretical drift of these asteroids that we compare with the one we measured on the CCD pictures.ID: 031001319; System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader.; Mode of access: World Wide Web.; Title from PDF title page (viewed March 27, 2013).; Thesis (M.S.)--University of Central Florida, 2012.; Includes bibliographical references (p. 192-195).
M.S.
Masters
Physics
Sciences
Physics
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Maharaj, Doraisamy Ashok. "Space for "development": US-Indian space relations 1955 -1976." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/45973.
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Through four case studies of technological systems - optical tracking of satellites, sounding rockets, instructional television through a geosynchronous satellite, and a launch vehicle--I explore the origins and development of the Indian space program from 1955 through 1976, a period critical in shaping the program's identity and its relationship to the state. Institutionalized, and constructed in different geographic regions of India, these systems were embedded in the broader political, economic, and social life of the country and served as nodes around which existing and new scientific and technological communities were formed. These organic, highly networked communities in turn negotiated and developed a space program to meet the social and strategic demands of a new modernizing nation state. That modernizing program was, in turn, embedded in a broader set of scientific, technological and political relationships with industrialized countries, above all the United States. The United States' cooperation with India began with the establishment of tracking stations for plotting the orbits of artificial satellites. Cognizant of the contributions made by Indian scientists in the field of astronomy and meteorology, a scientific tradition that stretched back several decades, the officials and the scientific community at NASA, along with their Indian counterparts outlined a cooperative program that focused on the mutual exploration of the tropical space for scientific data. This initial collaboration gradually expanded and more advanced space application projects brought the two democratic countries, in spite of some misgivings, closer together in the common cause of using space sciences and technologies for developing India. In the process India and the United States ended up coproducing a space program that responded to the ambitions of the postcolonial scientific and political elite of India. The global Cold War and the ambiguities, desires and tensions of a postcolonial nation-state vying for leadership among the newly decolonized states in the Afro-Asian region are critical for understanding the origins and the trajectory of India's space program. Without this political context and the construction of a transnational web of relationships, it is highly unlikely that the Indian scientific and technological elite, along with their industrial and political partners, would have succeeded in putting India on the space map of the world.
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Mineiro, Michael. "The dilemma of national security and international cooperation in outer space: space technology trade and proliferation controls and their impact on global civil space cooperation." Thesis, McGill University, 2011. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=103692.
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In this thesis space technology trade and proliferation controls are analyzed, focusing on two substantive issues that illustrate the challenges and opportunities of reform. The first substantive issue examined is the challenge of domestic law and policy reform in light of international regulatory divergence. This issue is examined through a case study of the U.S. commercial communication satellite export control regime. The second issue is the international implications of space technology trade and proliferation control on global civil space cooperation. The unifying demonstration of this doctoral thesis is that States operate in an international legal system that perpetuates a self-justified security dilemma whose basis originates in the sovereign legal right of States to produce, procure, and maintain space technologies of a military nature. As a result, the international legal system governing space technology trade and proliferation creates a tension between perceived national security needs and the benefits of global cooperation.Cette thèse a pour objet l'étude des contrôles du commerce et de la prolifération de la technologie spatiale. Elle se concentre sur deux questions majeures illustrant d'une part les défis que poseraient une future réforme et d'autre part les perspectives que cette dernière serait susceptible d'ouvrir. La première question examinée est le défi posé par une réforme de la politique et du droit interne au regard de la diversité de la règlementation internationale. Elle est abordée à travers une étude de cas portant sur le régime américain de contrôle des exportations de satellites de communication. La seconde question concerne les conséquences internationales induites par le contrôle du commerce et de la prolifération de la technologie spatiale sur la coopération spatiale civile mondiale. Cette thèse vise à démontrer que les Etats opèrent dans un système juridique international qui entretient un dilemme sécuritaire auto-justifié provenant du droit international des Etats à produire, acquérir et entretenir des technologies spatiales d'ordre militaire. Par conséquent, le système juridique international gouvernant le commerce et la prolifération de la technologie spatiale génère une tension entre les besoins de sécurité nationale tels qu'ils sont perçus et les bénéfices d'une coopération mondiale.
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Brown, Alexa. "A historical perspective on wind data: time, space and vector relationships between ship log data and Cape Royal Astronomical Observatory wind data between 1834 and 1854." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/24453.
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This dissertation assesses the extent to which data from the Climatological Database for the World's Oceans (CLIWOC) reflect newly digitized historical wind data captured at the Royal Astronomical Observatory (RAO) in Cape Town, South Africa from 1834-1854. This follows the historical precipitation reconstructions for Southern Africa by Hannaford et al. (2015), using wind data from the CLIWOC database. This project also forms part of a bigger project that is recovering and digitising historical instrumental meteorological data for Southern Africa that have never been analysed before. For Southern Africa, the opportunity to compare historical instrumental data seldom arises due to the paucity of reliable data. However, there is an opportunity to analyse and compare two different wind data sources for a twenty-one year cross over period for south western Africa. Wind, as an indicator of atmospheric conditions, has not been assessed extensively in South African, therefore this project fills an academic gap in historical climatology for the region, and provides newly digitised historical data. Digitisation and pre-processing steps ensure that the RAO dataset is comparable to the CLIWOC dataset. This is done by replicating wind direction and speed measurement conversions and formatting (Garcia-Herrera et al., 2005), and by mirroring the available time steps of data in each dataset (eliminating data were the other dataset has erroneous or missing data). Spatially scattered data recorded over the sea compared to data recorded at a fixed position introduces inherent limitations, error and noise into the data comparison. Therefore, to eliminate as many uncertainties as possible and minimise the noise in the data, the CLIWOC data are refined further by a) a single observation per day, b) separating three regions of differing seasonal synoptic air flow regimes (west coast, south west peninsula and south coast) and c) all analyses based on seasonally grouped data. Temporal, spatial and vector relationships are established for each season using scatter plot graphs and Pearson correlations. The different relationships between the data are derived from corresponding wind data (i.e. data of the same day and time), in each dataset for wind speed and wind direction separately. No significant correlation (all p values>0.05) or signal is evident over time, or as the difference in distance changes. However, seasonality is represented consistently in the wind vector distribution heat maps. Significant findings include the observations of anomalous north westerly winds in summer at the RAO, where the CLIWOC data did not pick up similar data for the corresponding region on the west coast. Historical wind data used herein prove to be reliable by the expected seasonal synoptic flow patterns and characteristics seen in each study region. There is no correlation between the datasets over time and space and the data do not present any clear signals or return events over time. Although corresponding data do not show any correlations, there are typical synoptic flow regimes in each study region which prove that wind data was recorded correctly. Therefore, the datasets are mutually exclusive, but accurate in their intrinsic value. It is only the anomalous summer north westerlies at the RAO which question the reliability of the data, as the same wind regimes were not identifiable in the corresponding CLIWOC data. This anomaly was noted but not studied further. This project highlights the major inconsistencies and limitations in the CLIWOC data. Researchers in the future should use CLIWOC data appropriately to suit the research question and be aware of the inconsistencies that may introduce noise.
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DiPaolo, Andrea. "Space law and the protection of cultural heritage: the uncertain fate of humanity's heritage in space." Thesis, McGill University, 2014. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=121600.
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As numerous governments and commercial entities plan ambitious expeditions into outer space and to celestial bodies, humanity's heritage in space is threatened. This Thesis examines the protections currently available to those objects and sites that represent the great achievements of humankind in using and exploring space, with a focus on Tranquility Base, the Apollo 11 landing site. Existing protections are analyzed under both cultural heritage law and space law, focusing primarily on the language of relevant treaties in these fields. There have been several endeavors undertaken in the United States to protect the Apollo landing sites in general and Tranquility Base in particular. These actions are reviewed herein for appropriateness and efficacy. Recommendations to optimize the protection of space heritage in the future are then presented. This Thesis concludes that the most effective approach, which is also likely to succeed, consists of a multi-step process including unilateral actions, bilateral treaties, and a multilateral soft law solution, ideally culminating in a multilateral treaty, and possibly leading to the formation of customary international law. Fundamentally, cooperation and good faith are the cornerstones of any solution to this issue of international law. It is important that the legal rules governing interaction with and preservation of these objects and sites be clearly determined to avoid irreversible damage to a unique and irreplaceable resource.Alors que de nombreux gouvernements et entités commerciales prévoient d'ambitieuses expéditions dans l'espace extra-atmosphérique et dans les corps célestes, le patrimoine de l'humanité dans l'espace est menacé. Cette thèse examine les protections actuellement disponibles pour les objets et sites qui représentent les grandes réalisations de l'humanité concernant l'utilisation et l'exploration de l'espace, avec une attention particulière portée sur la Base de la Tranquillité, le site d'atterrissage d'Apollo 11. Les protections existantes sont analysées en vertu du droit du patrimoine culturel et du droit de l'espace, et se concentrent principalement sur le langage des traités en ces domaines. Il y a eu plusieurs tentatives menées aux États-Unis pour protéger les sites d'atterrissage d'Apollo, en particulier concernant la Base de la Tranquillité. Ces mesures sont examinées dans les développements de la thèse afin d'évaluer leur pertinence et leur efficacité. Les recommandations pour optimiser la protection du patrimoine de l'espace dans le futur sont ensuite présentées. Cette thèse conclut que l'approche la plus efficace, qui est également la plus susceptible de réussir, consiste en un processus en plusieurs étapes, comprenant des mesures unilatérales, des traités bilatéraux et une solution multilatérale de soft law, aboutissant idéalement à un traité multilatéral, et pouvant éventuellement conduire à la formation de droit international coutumier. Fondamentalement, la coopération et la bonne foi sont les pierres angulaires de toute solution à ce problème de droit international. Il est important que les règles juridiques régissant l'interaction et la préservation de ces objets et de ces sites soient clairement déterminées, afin d'éviter que des dommages irréversibles ne soient causés à une ressource unique et irremplaçable.
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Bourgeois, Michel 1954. "The carriage of goods in space /." Thesis, McGill University, 1985. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=65371.
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Ekweozoh, Irene. "Rethinking state responsiblity in international space "environmental" law: a case for collective responsibility for space debris prevention." Thesis, McGill University, 2014. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=121488.
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This thesis assesses the current legal regime of State Responsibility in the exploration and use of outer space as it concerns space debris prevention. It argues that the proliferation of space debris is attributable to a lack of clarity in the current regime regarding the duty imposed on state and non-state actors for its prevention. It is contended that this concern must be addressed through regulation in order to be meaningful. In support, it interrogates the current status quo of state responsibility for the space activities of non-state entities and how this differs from state responsibility in international environmental law. The objective is to show that the vicarious responsibility of states for non-state actors under current international space law and the disharmony between international space law and environmental law reinforces irresponsible conduct in space activity. As a preventive measure, it advocates for a return to the jurisprudence on "Mankind" that was the basis of the Outer Space Treaty. It suggests that concern for "all mankind" can be used to impose a duty of due regard on all space actors. In this regard, it advances a case for collective responsibility of all space actors by recommending a "Protocol on Collective Responsibility in the Prevention of Space Debris" to be executed by all space actors as a mandatory mechanism to compel the pursuit of uniform space debris prevention measures.La présente thèse décrit le régime légal de responsabilité des Etats dans l'exploration et l'utilisation de l'espace en ce qui concerne la lutte contre les débris spatiaux. Un régime obscur quant aux devoirs des Etats et autres acteurs est à l'origine de la prolifération de ces débris. Ce problème doit être réglé par la voie réglementaire, afin d'avoir un impact efficace. Pour ce faire, le présent statu quo dans la responsabilité des Etats pour les activités de leurs nationaux dans l'espace est étudié. L'objectif est de démontrer que la responsabilité du fait d'autrui des Etats dans le cadre du présent droit international de l'espace ainsi que la discorde qui existe entre ce dernier et le droit environnemental encourage les comportements irresponsables dans les activités spatiales. Comme mesure préventive, la présente thèse propose un retour à la doctrine de « l'humanité » qui était à la base du Traité de l'espace. La prise en compte de « toute l'humanité » peut permettre d'imposer un devoir de respect à tous les acteurs de l'espace. A cette fin, cette thèse propose un régime de responsabilité collective de tous ces acteurs au travers d'un « Protocole sur la responsabilité collective pour la limitation des débris spatiaux » qui serait signé par ceux-ci. Ce mécanisme obligatoire imposerait l'adoption de mesures uniformes de lutte contre les débris spatiaux.
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Mussie, Ezana. "Dark Matter, White Space." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-21571.
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This thesis addresses the ambiguous role of Malmö’s latest megaproject in the context of the city’s racializing urban development trajectory. The project is a public/private congress center, concert hall and hotel complex called Malmö Live. Malmö Live is problematized as the height of spectacle and challenge as it is expected to be the city’s most prominent cultural and social meeting place. The inquiry is directed to how its expectation of relevancy came about and utilizes a Foucauldian inspired genealogical methodology. The result stems from an investigation of the historical, present, local and global conditions that constitutes the expectancy of its relevancy. The investigation notes the divisiveness of tourism and how it affects ways of thinking and doing government on multiple scales, and in particular how it motivates the case in question. The result shows that there are affinities between tourism- during-colonialism and the contemporary tourism industry. Where the former was appropriated by colonialism and overtly racializing, the latter is allowed appropriacy by a currency ascribed to selected geographies and histories. By describing the becoming of this megaproject and the use of tourism knowledge and technology, the how-question about the expectation of Malmö Live’s relevancy leads to a genealogical reconstruction of Malmö Live as a wager on whiteness. The wager on whiteness hold no guarantees, but the power of it is the ability to be persuasive and believed, and the currency it holds for those who perform it. The thesis ends with a discussion on what is at stake with Malmö Live, i.e. Malmö’s whiteness.
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Denault, Alexandre. "Journey, a shared virtual space middleware." Thesis, McGill University, 2011. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=96773.
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The complexity of developing multiplayer games, along with their popularity, has grown tremendously in the recent years. The most complex of these, Massively Multiplayer Games (MMOGs), require developers to deal with many issues, such as scalability, reliability and cheat prevention. Although individual solutions to these problems exists, very little academic work has been done to address all these issues simultaneously. In addition, experimentation in these areas can require a significant implementation effort.In this work, we present Journey, a unified framework that address all these issues in a simple, modular and efficient architecture leveraging replicated objects. Scalability is addressed through the use of a dynamic cell load-balancing strategy while fault tolerance and cheat prevention are achieved by leveraging existing replicated objects in the system. The proposed framework is implemented using numerous enhancements not found in traditional replication, like obstacle-aware partitioning and remote procedure call systems.The efficiency of this framework is illustrated through the use of Mammoth, a massively multiplayer research framework. Using experimental data from human players, artificial players (NPC) were built and used to stress test and gather performance data. Analysis of this data demonstrated that load balancing provides important scalability benefits while very little overhead is incurred from the fault tolerance and cheat prevention systems.Dans les dernières années, la popularité des jeux multi-joueurs a connu une croissance sans égale. Cette croissance a aussi provoqué une augmentation importante dans la complexité de développement, surtout pour les jeux en ligne massivement multi-joueurs (MMOGs). Ces jeux posent des problèmes sérieux, tel que la croissance de capacité, la fiabilité et la prévention de la tricherie. Quoiqu'il existe de nombreuses solutions pour chacun de ces problèmes, très peu de travail académique adresse tous ces problèmes ensembles. De plus, l'expérimentation dans ces domaines nécessite de grands efforts de développement.Ce document présente Journey, un cadre de librairies informatiques unifiées qui adresse tous ces problèmes avec une architecture simple, modulaire et efficace tirant parti de la technologie des objets répliqués. Journey utilise un système d'équilibrage de charge avec cellule dynamique pour pallier aux problèmes de capacité. De plus, les défis de tolérance des failles et la prévention de la tricherie peuvent être adressés à l'aide des objets déjà répliqués dans le système. L'outil proposé utilise plusieurs améliorations qui n'existe pas dans la réplication traditionnelle, tel que la division des espaces prenant compte des obstacles et l'exécution de méthode distantes.La performance de Journey est évaluée à l'aide de Mammoth, un outil de recherche pour les environnements massivement multi-joueurs. À l'aide de données expérimentales de joueurs humains, des joueurs artificiels on été construits pour mesurer la capacité et la performance de l'outil proposé. L'analyse de ses données démontre que l'équilibre des charges démontre une grande augmentation de capacité. De plus, les systèmes de tolérance de fautes et de prévention de la tricherie on très peu d'impact sur la performance du système.
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Bhola, Gaurav. "India and China space programs from genesis of space technologies to major space programs and what that means for the international community /." Orlando, Fla. : University of Central Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/CFE0002745.
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Rodrigues, Danilo Miranda. "O conceito de espaço e a evolução das distâncias astronômicas: construção de um material didático." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/14/14135/tde-29012018-224420/.
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O conceito de espaço é um dos mais fundamentais da natureza e tem sido, ao longo da história da ciência, objeto de estudo de diversos filósofos, físicos e também astrônomos. Do ponto de vista epistemológico, este conceito foi de grande importância para algumas das mais famosas visões cosmológicas: desde a concepção aristotélica, passando pela gravitação newtoniana até a formulação da teoria geral da relatividade. Por outro lado, reconstruir a evolução das medidas de distancias astronômicas é uma forma de abordar a própria história da Astronomia. Essa história é repleta de construções, desconstruções e mudanças de paradigmas. Tal dinamismo é um elemento instigante e motivador, mas estranhamente não se reflete, na maioria dos casos, nos livros didáticos e nas aulas de ciências como um todo. Este trabalho consiste na elaboração e na aplicação de um material didático composto por atividades e oficinas que, utilizando as muitas formas de abordar pedagogicamente o conceito de espaço, buscam estimular alunos e até mesmo professores a refletir sobre como nos relacionamos com a natureza por meio da ciência. As atividades, construídas e aplicadas, ao longo de dois anos, a alunos do nono ano do Ensino Fundamental e do primeiro ano do Ensino Médio, foram divididas segundo dois objetivos específicos. As primeiras exploraram algumas questões ainda em aberto estudadas pela física de partículas e a grande controvérsia existente durante séculos que marcou a transição da visão Geocêntrica para a Heliocêntrica no século XVI. Tais questões foram elaboradas no sentido de ressaltar o quão dinâmico é o nosso entendimento sobre a natureza. A segunda parte do trabalho de campo consistiu na elaboração e na aplicação de oficinas de determinação de distâncias astronômicas por métodos consagrados ao longo da história da ciência. O relato dos alunos e a avaliação dos resultados das oficinas nos mostraram que, de fato, os famosos experimentos reconstruídos pelos alunos durante as oficinas levaram a resultados próximos dos valores conhecidos pela literatura e, muito mais importante, revelaram o caráter dinâmico e evolutivo do conhecimento científico.The concept of space is one of the most fundamental of the nature and it has been, throughout the history of science, an object of study by several philosophers, physicists and astronomers. From the epistemological point of view, this concept has been of great importance for some of the most famous cosmological visions: from the Aristotelian conception, through Newtonian gravitation until the formulation of the General Theory of Relativity. On the other hand, reconstructing the evolution of measurements of astronomical distances is a way of approaching the history of astronomy itself. This story is full of constructions, deconstructions and paradigmatic changes. Such dynamism, despite being an exciting and motivating element, has not been reflected in textbooks and in the general learning of science. This work consists in the elaboration and application of a didactic material composed by activities and workshops that, considering the plenty of approaches for the concept of space in the pedagogical context, seeks to stimulate students and even teachers to reflect on how we relate to nature through science. The activities were prepared and applied over two years to students from the last year of elementary school, and first year in high school, those activities were grouped according to two specific objectives. The first one intended to explore some open questions studied by particle physics and the great controversy over the centuries that marked the transition from the Geocentric to the Heliocentric view in the sixteenth century. Both questions wished to emphasize how dynamic our understanding of nature is. The second part of the fieldwork consisted of the elaboration and application of workshops to determine some astronomical distances by methods well established throughout the history of science. The students\' reports and the evaluation of the workshops results showed that, in fact, the famous experiments reconstructed by them during the workshops led to results close to the values known by the specific literature and, more importantly, revealed the dynamic and evolutionary character of the scientific knowledge.
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Straubel, Michael S. "United States' regulation of commercial space activity." Thesis, McGill University, 1989. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=55691.
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Huang, Jiefang. "The common interest principle in space law /." Thesis, McGill University, 1985. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=64496.
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Russell, April A. (April Anne) 1981. "Trojan asteroid spectroscopy and space weathering." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/28614.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, 2004.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 48-49).
Trojan asteroids orbit the Sun at Jupiter's L4 and L5 stability points. They are included in the D-class group of asteroids because of their characteristically steep spectral slope. In accordance with spectra of other asteroid classes, we expected that the larger the diameter is of a D-class asteroid, the redder (visually) the asteroid should be in the visible spectrum. Approximately ninety Trojan asteroids have been examined, fourteen of which come from our own observations, and five of which are small and come from the SMASS I data set. The results did not confirm our original hypothesis. Instead, space weathering appears to affect Trojans in a different way than it does other asteroid classes due to their different composition.
by April A. Russell.
S.M.
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Van, der Post Leda. "Creating a space for integrative education within the sciences." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1012677.
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This thesis documents an action research project that was carried out within the Department of Computing Sciences at the Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University (NMMU), South Africa, from January 2010 to December 2011. The overall aim of the research was to foster an environment in which academics could explore ways to teach using an integrative approach to education. Previous research within the department had raised the concern that students were graduating without the type of high-level cognitive skills that were required in the workplace. While the students’ technical skills were perceived as being excellent, employers indicated that students would benefit from opportunities to develop or improve skills such as communication, teamwork, innovative thinking and time management. These skills include high-level cognitive skills, and are often referred to as “soft skills”. The academics participating in the research project came to believe that it was essential to develop teaching methods that would provide opportunities for students to develop these soft skills, in conjunction with the content and technical knowledge currently addressed in their courses. The research project followed the living theory approach to action research. A living theory action research project allows the researcher to investigate her own teaching, and develop a theory of practice. The theory of practice can be applied to the issues under investigation, to improve the situation or solve problems. At the same time, the theory of practice can contribute to the body of knowledge within the academic domain of the research. Action research is an iterative, cyclical process. There were four research cycles, each one semester in length, during the two years of the project. The project will continue, with a fifth research cycle, starting in January 2012. By the end of the fourth research cycle—Semester Two, 2011—there were eleven academics actively participating in the research group. The project had extended its influence to include academics from the Department of Mathematics at NMMU. The academics ranged from senior, long-serving professors to junior lecturing staff. The results of the research, or the researcher-practitioner’s living theory, explain the process by which an effective and enthusiastic community of practice, dedicated to improving the academics’ teaching and learning practice, was developed. The living theory is applicable to academics within a scientific discipline, desiring to explore and improve their education practice. My living theory explains the characteristics of the TLC (The Learning Community) space, and the action strategies for creating such a space. The explanation of the process of this project includes an analysis of the development process of the research group, typical characteristics of the environment or “space” of the group, and action strategies that other academics could use to create a similar community of practice.
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Scheiner, Joachim, and Gerhard Bahrenberg. "Verkehr(ter) Raum : does space matter?; ein Disput." Universität Potsdam, 2002. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2008/2471/.
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Inhalt:
Joachim Scheiner: Die Angst der Geographie vor dem Raum
1 Verkehrswissenschaftliche Raumversessenheit und geographische Raumvergessenheit
1.1 Verkehrswissenschaftliche Diskussion
1.2 Sozialgeographische Diskussion
2 Verkehrshandeln – raumstrukturell erzwungen oder Ergebnis freier Entscheidung?
2.1 Raumontologie oder Empirie?
2.2 Darstellung der Vorgehensweise Bahrenbergs
3 Fazit
Gerhard Bahrenberg: Space matters? Ja, aber welcher 'Raum", wofür, wie und wieviel!
1 Eine chorologische Perspektive und ihre Konsequenzen
2 Zur Kritk Scheiners
2.1 Handwerkliche Fragen
2.2 Methodologie, Theorie und Interpretation der Ergebnisse
3 Zum Dilemma einer raumzentrierten Verkehrsplanung
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Hoeft, Alexandra. "Properties and Legacies of Tsirelson Space." VCU Scholars Compass, 2013. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/553.
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Tsirelson space is a reflexive, separable Banach space constructed by Boris Tsirelson to be the first example of a Banach space that does not contain an isomorphic copy of the sequence spaces c_0 or l_p for 1\leqslant p
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Nascimento, Emmilyne Christine do. "A política espacial brasileira entre 1961-2012: a cooperação Brasil/Ucrânia e a empresa binacional Alcântara Cyclone Space." Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, 2013. http://tede.bc.uepb.edu.br/tede/jspui/handle/tede/2061.
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This paper analyzes the reasons why Brazil and Ukraine builded the binational company Alcantara Cyclone Space (ACS), which aims at international marketing of satellite launches from Launch Center of Alcantara (LCA). Thus, sought to reflect on the feasibility of this partnership to the expected results by the two States. It is understood that cooperation between Brazil and Ukraine falls within the parameters of Brazilian South-South technical cooperation, where one can already see that this partnership changed the course trodden by the Brazilian space program, considering that Brazil (which does not have a rocket launch itself), joining with Ukraine, might as well join the group of countries that has a complete space program. We conclude that the need to address the limitations and the desire to compete in the space sector are moving to Brazil and Ukraine to join forces to keep the company ACS in activity and to continue in the process of cooperation, which is heading towards a breakthrough both technical (exchange of students and technicians from both countries) and technological (joint construction of the next rocket ACS, Cyclone-5). It is understood that the marketing of space services is the focus of the project ACS and intentions as technology transfer is part of the partnership as a possibility, but not as a reality.
O presente trabalho analisa os motivos que levaram o Brasil e a Ucrânia a construírem a empresa binacional Alcântara Cyclone Space (ACS), visando à comercialização internacional de lançamentos de satélites a partir do Centro de Lançamento de Alcântara (CLA). Buscou-se assim, refletir sobre a viabilidade dessa parceria e o quanto ela pode proporcionar aos dois Estados na concretização dos interesses esperados com a referida empresa. Entende-se que a cooperação entre o Brasil e a Ucrânia enquadra-se nos parâmetros brasileiros de cooperação técnica sul-sul, de onde já se pode perceber que tal parceria mudou os rumos trilhados pelo programa espacial brasileiro, tendo em vista que o Brasil (que não possui um foguete de lançamento próprio), ao se unir com a Ucrânia, pode assim ingressar no grupo restrito de países que detém um completo programa espacial. Conclui-se que a necessidade de suprir as limitações e o desejo de competir no setor espacial estão movendo o Brasil e a Ucrânia a unir forças para manter a empresa ACS em atividade e a dar continuidade em seu processo de cooperação, que caminha para um avanço tanto no âmbito técnico (intercambio de alunos e técnicos de ambos os países) quanto tecnológico (construção conjunta do próximo foguete da ACS, Cyclone-5). Entende-se que a comercialização de serviços espaciais é o foco do projeto ACS e que intenções como a transferência de tecnologia é parte da parceria como uma possibilidade, mas não como uma realidade atual.
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Knutsson, Thomas. "Traveling the Outer Dimensions of Vector Space." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för datavetenskap, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-38920.
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One of the most prominent trends of our time is the emergence of an information society. The amount of data available is absolutely surging, at the same time as we are becoming more and more dependent on constant access to updated and relevant information. To derive high quality information from a large quantity of textual data, we need efficient methods for structuring and querying the data. One way is to use the Vector Space Model (VSM), a mathematical way of representing the relationship between words and documents. Wellknown examples of this approach are Latent Semantic Indexing (LSI) and Random Indexing (RI). This thesis describes the implementation of an information retrieval system based on the VSM that uses fragments of parse trees to index data.
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Mackevicius, Emily Lambert. "Building a state space for song learning." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/120871.
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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, 2018.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 159-177).
Song learning circuitry is thought to operate using a unique representation of each moment within each song syllable. Distinct timestamps for each moment in the song have been observed in the premotor cortical nucleus HVC, where neurons burst in sparse sequences. However, such sparse sequences are not present in very young birds, which sing highly variable syllables of random lengths. Furthermore, young birds learn by imitating a tutor song, and it was previously unclear precisely how the experience of hearing a tutor might shape auditory, motor, and evaluation pathways in the songbird brain. My thesis presents a framework for how these pathways may assemble during early learning, using simple neural mechanisms. I start with a neural network model for how premotor sequences may grow and split. This model predicts that the sequence-generating nucleus HVC would receive rhythmically patterned training inputs. I found such a signal when I recorded neurons that project to HVC. When juvenile birds sing, these neurons burst at the beginning of each syllable, and when the birds listen to a tutor, neurons burst at the rhythm of the tutor's song. Bursts marking the beginning of every tutor syllable could seed chains of sequential activity in HVC that could be used to generate the bird's own song imitation. I next used functional calcium imaging to characterize HVC sequences before and after tutor exposure. Analysis of these datasets led us to develop a new method for unsupervised detection of neural sequences. Using this method, I was able to observe neural sequences even prior to tutor exposure. Some of these sequences could be tracked as new syllables emerged after tutor exposure, and some sequences appeared to become coupled to the new syllables. In light of my new data, I expand on previous models of song learning to form a detailed hypothesis for how simple neural processes may perform song learning from start to finish.
by Emily Lambert Mackevicius.
Ph. D.
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Poorthuis, Ate. "Social Space and Social Media: Analyzing Urban Space with Big Data." UKnowledge, 2015. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/geography_etds/41.
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This dissertation focuses on the key role that big data can play in minimizing the perceived disconnect between social theory and quantitative methods in the discipline of geography. It takes as its starting point the geographic concept of space, which is conceptualized very differently in social theory versus quantitative methodology. Contrary to this disparity, an examination of the disciplinary history reveals a number of historic precedents and potential pathways for a rapprochement, especially when combined with some of the new possibilities of big data. This dissertation also proposes solutions to two common barriers to the adoption of big data in the social sciences: accessing and collecting such data and, subsequently, meaningful analysis. These methods and the theoretical foundation are combined in three case studies that show the successful integration of a quantitative research methodology with social theories on space. The case studies demonstrate how such an approach can create new and alternative understandings of urban space. In doing so it answers three specific research questions: (1) How can big data facilitate the integration of social theory on space with quantitative research methodology? (2) What are the practical challenges and solutions to moving “beyond the geotag” when utilizing big data in geographical research? (3) How can the quantitative analysis of big data provide new and useful insight in the complex character of social space? More specifically, what insights does such an analysis of relational social space provide about urban mobility and cognitive neighborhoods?
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Bellflower, John. "The influence of law upon command of space." Thesis, McGill University, 2009. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=67047.
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The importance of law in military operations has grown exponentially over the course of history. From humble beginnings of regulating particular weapons to governing when war is permissible, law has developed into a tool, or means, of war. Lawfare, as it is called, has significant meaning in the realm of military operations in outer space, especially since both are relatively new phenomena. Although there is a significant body of work applicable to war and military operations that can be adapted to apply to outer space, none of these works consider the impact of law on spatial military operations. While an exhaustive exploration of law's impact on such operations is not possible within the constraints of a thesis, it is hoped that this work can provide a foundation from which a more in-depth approach can be launched. Thus, this thesis will examine the concept of command of space by providing a legal basis for its legitimacy before turning to an examination of lawfare with respect to two main legal issues involved in attaining and maintaining such command: the concept of vertical sovereignty and space debris.Au cours de l'histoire, le rôle exercé par le droit dans les opérations militaires a connu une croissan ce exponentielle. De débuts modestes, où sa fonction se cantonnait à régir l'usage de certaines armes, au point de déterminer l'admissibilité d'une guerre en tant que telle, le droit est devenu lui-même une arme ou un outil de guerre. La « guerre juridique », ou « lawfare » selon le terme consacré par la langue anglaise, revêt une signification importante dans les opérations militaires spatiales, du fait du caractère relativement récent des deux phénomènes. Bien que le droit de la guerre et les opérations militaires aient fait l'objet de nombreux développements, qui peuvent être transposés au domaine spatial, aucune étude spécifique n'a été à ce jour consacrée à la question de l'impact du droit sur les opérations militaires spatiales. Si aborder toutes les dimensions que comporte cette problématique dépasserait le cadre du présent mémoire, celui-ci souhaite jeter les bases sur lesquelles une étude plus approfondie du sujet pourrait se fonder. Ainsi, le présent mémoire entend examiner et légitimer le concept de contrôle de l'espace, en lui conférant un fondement juridique, avant d'étudier la guerre juridique à la lumière des deux principales questions qu'elle suscite, s'agissant d'atteindre et de maintenir le contrôle de l'espace : le concept de souveraineté verticale et les débris spatiaux.
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Bunker, Donald H. (Donald Harry) 1940. "Space opportunity, risk & liability : a banker's perspective." Thesis, McGill University, 1985. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=64472.
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Aganaba, Timiebi. "Towards space sustainability: lessons from environmental liability regimes." Thesis, McGill University, 2012. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=106614.
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This thesis is about space sustainability and the need to protect the outer space environment for the long term. It attempts to address this by assessing the outer space liability regime, particularly the fundamental flaw that it does not directly account for damage caused to the space environment. Jurisprudential lessons can be learnt from existing environmental liability regimes for hazardous activities on earth, to protect the outer space environment. While it is acknowledged that there are short comings in the environmental liability regimes as they stand, if the inherent weaknesses are remedied environmental liability could be a good tool for deterrence and accountability for damage caused to the space environment by polluters.Cette thèse est sur la soutenabilité de l'espace et la nécessité de protéger l'environnement spatial à long terme. Elle traite du problème en regardant le régime de responsabilité civile spatiale, notamment en se penchant sur le fait qu'il ne tient pas compte des dommages causés à l'environnement spatial. Des leçons de jurisprudence peuvent être tirées des régimes actuels de responsabilité environnementale pour les activités dangereuses sur terre, pour protéger l'environnement spatial. Alors qu'il est reconnu qu'il y a des limitations dans les régimes de responsabilité tels qu'ils se présentent, si l'on remédie aux faiblesses inhérentes, la responsabilité environnementale pourrait être un bon outil de dissuasion et de responsabilité pour les dommages causés à l'environnement spatial par les pollueurs.
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Vora, Parul Shailesh 1979. "Simulacrum : situated memory for architectural space." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/62961.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Architecture and Planning, Program in Media Arts and Sciences, 2003.Includes bibliographical references (p. 76-78).
The immediacy and transportability of digital images has changed the spatial and temporal relationship between the viewer and the image. The malleability and large volume of these images affords us the ability to set up new such relationships. This thesis introduces a system that creates an asynchronous channel of connection and interaction by allowing two people or two groups of people to simultaneously inhabit a temporally neutral space. Construed as an elastic collective memory, the system intelligently documents audio and visual activities in a social space. This data is dynamically recomposed and manifested in the present as an interactive display environment that composites the past with the present, collapsing the temporal gap between them.
by Parul Shailesh Vora.
S.M.
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McGuire, Jeffrey Joseph 1972. "Space-time rupture properties of large earthquakes." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/59870.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, 2000.Includes bibliographical references (p. 169-179).
Slow earthquakes have been hypothesized to be compound events, i.e. comprised of both an ordinary earthquake and a smooth moment-release transient of longer duration. Low-frequency normal-mode based studies which support the compound event hypothesis have suggested that low-frequency source-spectra of some slow earthquakes require that the slow-component initiated before the fast component. We present observations of low-frequency P-wave energy arriving prior to the high-frequency, mainshock for two oceanic transform fault events. Both the 1994, M, 7.0, Romanche and 1997, M, 6.8, Prince Edward Island events show clear time-domain evidence for episodes of smooth moment release that preferentially radiated energy at low frequencies. Inversions for the moment-rate functions of these events yield compound event sequences where the derivative of the moment-rate function is 2-3 orders of magnitude smaller during the slow event than during the ordinary fast event. The smoothness of the moment-rate function implies that the smooth components of the compound events have rupture and slip velocities which are orders of magnitude smaller than those during ordinary earthquakes. Determining the space-time rupture histories of earthquakes that are only recorded teleseismically is a difficult and non-unique process. We developed a method to determine the 2nd degree polynomial moments of an earthquake's space-time moment release distribution using frequency dependent measurements of global surface- and body-wave arrivals. Our method incorporates both current 3-D earth models and the physical constraint that the source-region have non-negative volume. The 2nd moments provide estimates of the duration, spatial extent, and directivity of an event's rupture. In addition, they can be used to systematically resolve the fault-plane ambiguity. Our values of the 2nd moments for the 1995, Mw 8.0, Jalisco Mexico earthquake agree well with those determined from local slip inversions, and our inversion for the 1st-degree moments of the 1995 Kobe earthquake shows that the measurement errors resulting from unmodeled lateral heterogeneity are small. By estimating the 2nd moments for a catalog of large earthquakes, we are able to systematically resolve the fault-plane ambiguity on a global scale. While the 2nd moments of most large earthquakes are aligned along one of the candidate fault-planes of the event's moment tensor, the 2nd moments of the Romanche and Prince Edwards events are oriented at a high angle to both of their candidate fault-planes. The only type of source-model that can satisfy the observed 0th, 1st, and 2nd degree moments of these events is one that involves slip on two parallel faults. This observation agrees with subevent locations determined using travel-time picks which suggest that multiple parallel faults ruptured in both of these earthquakes. The geometry of both event sequences is consistent with a scenario in which a slow-event on the main transform fault redistributes stress in the region, triggering subevents on both the main and sub-parallel adjacent faults. This evidence for co-seismic rupture of multiple faults combined with other seismic and marine geologic data suggest that deformation at oceanic transforms can be distributed over a wide region (~100 km) on both long (geologic) and short (co-seismic) time-scales.
by Jeffrey Joseph McGuire.
Ph.D.
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Toljan, Irena. "Urban Space Index." Thesis, KTH, Urbana och regionala studier, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-256001.
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Architects and urban designers have a unique background to deal with the experiential qualities of cities. Quality of urban spaces is an essential aspect of livability (Southworth, 2003). The quality of urban spaces is important, specifically the interaction between buildings and the street, and it has been explored by Jane Jacobs, Jan Gehl and many more. BIM and CIM is new technology to analyze and design buildings and cities. With fast technology development, there are many options today on how to deal with the experiential qualities and make a 3D model using image-based input.
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Phear, Nicolette. "Creating Space| Engaging Deliberation about Climate Action." Thesis, Prescott College, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3642993.
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In the United States public discourse, climate change is often framed as a polarized and intractable issue. The purpose of this dissertation was to explore deliberation about climate action, and to evaluate whether effective responses to climate change can be facilitated through new structures and processes that enable and encourage dialogue on the subject of how to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Working with sustainability leaders at the University of Montana and in the community of Missoula, Montana, the author convened three public deliberations, in which a variety of solutions to climate change were discussed. Three questions guided this study: 1) what motivated individuals to engage in deliberation about climate action; 2) how did individual engagement vary and affect the quality of the deliberation; and 3) how effective were the deliberations in building a sense of individual agency and generating collaborative action strategies to address climate change. Based on a rigorous statistical analysis of survey responses combined with qualitative data, this action research study offers a holistic exploration of the three deliberative events convened. The deliberative processes generated collaborative action strategies and increased participants' sense of agency to take action on climate change; the findings also revealed differences in the ways individuals engaged and affected the quality of the overall group deliberation. This dissertation contributes to the literature on collaborative responses and collective action on climate change, broadens understanding of deliberative processes, and provides new insight into opportunities for leading deliberation about climate action.
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Liesenjohann, Thilo. "Foraging in space and time." Phd thesis, Universität Potsdam, 2010. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2010/4856/.
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All animals are adapted to the environmental conditions of the habitat they chose to live in. It was the aim of this PhD-project, to show which behavioral strategies are expressed as mechanisms to cope with the constraints, which contribute to the natural selection pressure acting on individuals. For this purpose, small mammals were exposed to different levels and types of predation risk while actively foraging. Individuals were either exposed to different predator types (airborne or ground) or combinations of both, or to indirect predators (nest predators). Risk was assumed to be distributed homogeneously, so changing the habitat or temporal adaptations where not regarded as potential options. Results show that wild-caught voles have strategic answers to this homogeneously distributed risk, which is perceived by tactile, olfactory or acoustic cues. Thus, they do not have to know an absolut quality (e.g., in terms of food provisioning and risk levels of all possible habitats), but they can adapt their behavior to the actual circumstances. Deriving risk uniform levels from cues and adjusting activity levels to the perceived risk is an option to deal with predators of the same size or with unforeseeable attack rates. Experiments showed that as long as there are no safe places or times, it is best to reduce activity and behave as inconspicuous as possible as long as the costs of missed opportunities do not exceed the benefits of a higher survival probability. Test showed that these costs apparently grow faster for males than for females, especially in times of inactivity. This is supported by strong predatory pressure on the most active groups of rodents (young males, sexually active or dispersers) leading to extremely female-biased operative sex ratios in natural populations.
Other groups of animals, those with parental duties such as nest guarding, for example, have to deal with the actual risk in their habitat as well. Strategies to indirect predation pressure were tested by using bank vole mothers, confronted with a nest predator that posed no actual threat to themselves but to their young (Sorex araneus). They reduced travelling and concentrated their effort in the presence of shrews, independent of the different nutritional provisioning of food by varying resource levels due to the different seasons. Additionally, they exhibited nest-guarding strategies by not foraging in the vicinity of the nest site in order to reduce conspicuous scent marks. The repetition of the experiment in summer and autumn showed that changing environmental constraints can have a severe impact on results of outdoor studies. In our case, changing resource levels changed the type of interaction between the two species.
The experiments show that it is important to analyze decision making and optimality models on an individual level, and, when that is not possible (maybe because of the constraints of field work), groups of animals should be classified by using the least common denominator that can be identified (such as sex, age, origin or kinship). This will control for the effects of the sex or stage of life history or the individual´s reproductive and nutritional status on decision making and will narrow the wide behavioral variability associated with the complex term of optimality.Das Verhalten von Tieren ist das Ergebnis eines kontinuierlichen Anpassungsprozesses im Laufe der Evolution einer Art und damit der Veränderung der Umgebung in der es lebt und der Interaktion mit anderen Arten. Dies wird besonders deutlich im Verhalten von potentiellen Beutetieren, ihre Strategien beinhalten meist ein möglichst unauffälliges Verhalten im Zusammenspiel mit reduzierter Bewegung und möglichst guter Tarnung. Dementgegen stehen essentielle Bedürfnisse, wie zum Beispiel die Nahrungssuche, die Verteidigung von Ressourcen (zum Beispiel Territorien, Futterstellen) und die Suche nach Paarungspartnern. Beutetiere leben also in einem Spannungsfeld indem sie Ihr Verhalten optimieren müssen. Hierbei stehen die Ernährung, erfolgreiche Verpaarung und andere Chancen auf der einen Seite, die Vermeidung von Begegnungen mit Prädatoren auf der anderen. Vor allem Kleinsäuger sind häufig als Beutetiere mit einer Vielzahl von Prädatoren aus der Luft und auf dem Boden konfrontiert. Sie müssen für die verschiedenen Bedrohungen adaptive Verhaltensanpassungen bereit haben und in der Lage sein, auf die optischen, olfaktorischen oder akustischen Signale, die die Gefahr durch Prädatoren anzeigen, mit plastischen Verhaltensmustern zu reagieren. Die vorliegende Dissertation beschäftigt sich mit bisher als Konstanten behandelten Faktoren und untersucht anhand von Verhaltensexperimenten mit wilden Wühlmäusen (Microtus arvalis) folgende Fragestellungen: - Wie verhalten sich Tiere, die einer homogenen Risikoverteilung ausgesetzt sind, zum Beispiel weil ihr Prädator genauso gross ist wie sie, im gleichen Habitat lebt und es keinen sicheren Ort gibt? - Mit welchen Anpassungen reagieren Tiere, wenn sie gleichzeitig verschiedenen Prädatoren ausgesetzt sind? - Wie unterscheiden sich die Nahrungssuchstrategien von Männchen und Weibchen? - Wie verhalten sich laktierende Weibchen, die einer permanenten, indirekten Gefahr, z.B. durch einen Nestprädator ausgesetzt sind? Die Ergebnisse der verschiedenen Versuche in künstlichen Arenen und Aussengehegen zeigen, dass die Mäuse in der Lage sind, adaptive Verhaltensanpassung an homogenes Risiko und verschiedene Prädationstypen abzurufen. So sind sie in der Lage, Luft- von Bodenprädatoren zu unterscheiden und jeweils das Verhalten zu zeigen, dass die größtmögliche Sicherheit mit sich bringt. Die simultane Kombination von verschiedenen Prädatoren bewirkt hierbei additive Effekte. Gibt es keine Auswahl zwischen Habitaten, sondern nur unterschiedliche homogene Risikolevel, reagieren sie auf steigendes Risiko immer mit verminderter Aktivität und konzentrieren ihre Nahrungssuche auf weniger Futterstellen, beuten diese dafür jedoch länger aus. Die Wertigkeit von Futterstellen und alternativen Optionen verändert sich also mit dem Risikolevel. Ähnliches zeigt sich auch in den unterschiedlichen Futtersuchstrategien von Männchen und Weibchen. Die untersuchte Art ist polygyn und multivoltin, dementsprechend verbinden die Männchen mit ihrer Nahrungssuche Aktivitäten wie die Suche nach Paarungspartnern und unterscheiden sich die Aktivitätsmuster zwischen Männchen und Weibchen. Zusätzlich zeigen die Ergebnisse, das laktierende Weibchen in der Lage sind, das Risiko für sich und für Ihre Jungen abzuschätzen, wenn sie mit einem Nestprädator (Sorex araneus) konfrontiert werden. Für die Interaktion zwischen diesen beiden Arten ist jedoch die Saison (und damit die Ressourcenlage), in der sie sich begegnen, von entscheidender Bedeutung. Wühlmäuse reagieren mit entsprechenden Verhaltensanpassungen zum Schutz des Nestes um die Überlebenschancen ihrer letzten Würfe im Herbst zu erhöhen. Die vorliegende Arbeit konnte grundsätzliche Probleme der antiprädatorischen Verhaltensanpassung von Beutetieren klären und wichtige Faktoren der Entscheidungsfindung unter Prädationsdruck analysieren. Sie zeigt, dass Tiere das Risiko in ihrer Umgebung nicht unbedingt über direkt Signale wahrnehmen, sondern ihre Verhaltensstrategien einem empfundenen Gesamtrisikolevel anpassen. Dies ermöglicht ihnen, adaptive Strategien zu verfolgen, auch wenn sie keine Auswahl an sicheren Habitaten haben. Sie zeigt auch die unterschiedliche Wahrnehmung von Risiken durch Männchen und Weibchen, die durch die unterschiedlichen mit der Aktivität zusätzlich wahrgenommenen Chancen verknüpft zu sein scheint. Zusätzlich wurde der Einfluss des reproduktiven Status (z.B. laktierend), sowie der Ressourcenlage (z. B. je nach Saison) nachgewiesen.
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Schuett-Hall, Clare A. "Addressing Sexuality: Organizations in Undefined Space." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2017. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/1027.
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People with disabilities are often desexualized and excluded from many aspects of society. In America, historical and societal conditions contributed to the development of Surrogate Partner Therapy, designed to build client self-awareness and skills in the areas of physical and emotional intimacy. Surrogate Partner Therapists are certified through the International Professional Surrogates Association (IPSA). IPSA and other organizations work in a highly stigmatized field providing sexual education and experiences for marginalized people, including people with disabilities.
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Bosco, Joseph A. "Liability for outer space activities : a United States' perspective." Thesis, McGill University, 1985. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=65375.
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Vasilogeorgi, Isavella. "Military uses of outer space: legal limitations, contemporary perspectives." Thesis, McGill University, 2012. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=106625.
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After the end of the Cold War, a dramatic swift has been observed in the space activities of States. Whereas in the beginning the various space programmes where more peace-oriented, the increased commercialization of outer space led to the need to increase defensive technology in space as well. The problems arising out of the intensified militarization of outer space over the last decades form part of the analysis of the present Thesis. The interrelation of general international law and of space law is at the background of all relevant argumentation presented in this paper. The modern trends in State practice are also presented and analysed, within the context of the current legal regime. Suggestions and comments on the different proposals presented for solving the problems, real or fictional, of space law, have been included in the Thesis.The conclusion drawn from the research performed for the writing of this paper indicates that the current legal regime governing space law is sufficient for the regulation of almost all issues created by modern technology. The only necessary change is that of a change of attitude and conviction of the States towards the law, and perhaps a few minor adjustments to address completely novel concepts.Après la fin de la guerre froide, une rapidité spectaculaire a été observée dans les activités spatiales des États. Alors que dans le début des programmes spatiaux différents, où plus orientée vers la paix, la commercialisation accrue de l'espace a conduit à la nécessité d'accroître la technologie de défense dans l'espace aussi bien.Les problèmes découlant de l'intensification de la militarisation de l'espace au cours des dernières décennies font partie de l'analyse de la présente thèse. L'interrelation entre le droit international général et le droit de l'espace est au fond de tous les arguments pertinents présentés dans ce document.Les tendances modernes dans la pratique des États sont également présentées et analysées dans le contexte du régime juridique actuel. Suggestions et commentaires sur les différentes propositions présentées pour résoudre les problèmes, réels ou fictionnels, de droit de l'espace, ont été inclus dans la thèse.La conclusion tirée de la recherche effectuée pour la rédaction de ce document indique que le régime juridique actuel régissant le droit spatial est suffisant pour la réglementation de presque tous les problèmes créés par la technologie moderne. Le seul changement nécessaire est celle d'un changement d'attitude et la conviction des États envers la loi, et peut-être quelques ajustements mineurs à l'adresse des concepts totalement inédits.