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1
Chouana, Toufik. "Caractérisation structurale et activités biologiques des polysaccharides d'Astragalus gombo bunge." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CLFAC112/document.
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Astragalus gombo Bunge (Fabaceae) est une plante bien représentée dans le Sahara Septentrional Est Algérien (région de Ouargla, Algérie) et couramment utilisée comme fourrage pour les animaux ou en médecine traditionnelle. Malgré de nombreuses publications sur la richesse en polysaccharides d’autres espèces appartenant au genre Astragalus et la description de leurs propriétés biologiques putatives ou avérées, aucune étude ne s’est intéressée à l’espèce gombo. L’objectif de ce travail de thèse a donc été de réaliser des investigations sur plusieurs parties de cette plante en vue d’extraire, identifier et caractériser son contenu en polysaccharides. Dans un second temps les propriétés biologiques et rhéologiques de ces polymères ont été étudiées afin d’identifier d’éventuelles voies de valorisation. Les résultats obtenus ont permis de détecter la présence de composés pectiques et hémicellulosiques dans la tige d’Astragalus gombo et celle d’un galactomannane dans les graines. Le galactomannane est de haute masse moléculaire (1,1x106 Da) et est constitué d’une chaine principale de β-(1→4)-D-mannane ramifiée en α-(1→6) par des résidus Dgalactopyranoses avec un rapport M/G de 1,7. La caractérisation de ses propriétés rhéologiques a révélé un comportement typique rhéofluidifiant et des propriétés viscoélastiques. L’étude des activités biologiques associées à ce biopolymère a révélé son potentiel comme prébiotique et antioxydantAstragalus gombo Bunge (Fabaceae) is a terrestrial plant occuring in the East Septentrional Sahara (Ouargla, Algeria). It is commonly used as fodder or in traditional medicine by local populations. Despite numerous publications focusing on polysaccharidic contents of Astragalus species and the designation of their putative or proved biological activities, no study has examined those of A. gombo. The objective of this thesis was firstly to investigate several organs of this plant for their polysaccharide contents. In a second step, the biological and rheological properties of these biopolymers have been studied to identify ways of adding value. Results led to the identification of pectic compounds and hemicelluloses in the rods of Astragalus gombo whereas a galactomannan was detected in its seeds. This galactomannan was a high molecular weight macromolecule composed of a β-(1→4)-D-mannan skeleton ramified by residues of D-galactopyranoses. The M/G ratio was of 1.7. The characterization of its rheological behavior was typic of that of a rheofluidifiant fluid with viscoelastic properties. The study of its biological properties showed its potential as prebiotic and antioxidant agent
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Wang, Meili Shannon Dennis Alan. "Cultivation practices for Astragalus membranaceus in the southeastern United States." Auburn, Ala, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10415/1640.
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Cabannes, Emmanuelle. "Sulphate transporters and selenium accumulation in Astragalus." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.546495.
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Dizkirici, Ayten. "Evolutionary Relationships Among Astragalus Species Native To Turkey." Phd thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12614427/index.pdf.
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Evolutionary relationships within and among three Astragalus sections (Incani DC., Hypoglottidei DC., and Dissitiflori DC.) that were native to Turkey were inferred from variations of nucleotide sequences of both chloroplast and nuclear genome regions.
In the current study, Fifty-six species included in the three Astragalus sections were utilized to figure out phylogenetic relationships and estimate evolutionary divergence time based on DNA sequence of trnL intron (trnL5&rsquo-L3&rsquo
) , trnL3&rsquo
-F(GAA) (trnL-F intergenic spacer), trnV intron, matK (maturase kinase) cpDNA (chloroplast) and ITS (internal transcribed spacer) nDNA (nuclear) regions. Fifty-six Astragalus species with their replicas and one Cicer species as outgroup were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction amplification and DNA sequencing methods. Eleven unknown samples were also used in the current study to understand their section and species name. The results of the study indicated that unknown A35 and A52 samples could be named as A. dasycarpus, while unknown A65 and A66 samples as A. ovatus and lastly unknown A2 sample as A. nitens or A. aucheri. Section of unknown A3, A16, A20, A108, A109 and A110 samples were determined as Incani, but the exact species identification of these samples were not possible because of their close phylogenetic associations with more than one species. Highest genetic diversity was observed when the DNA sequences of ITS nrDNA (nuclear ribosomal) region comprising three subregions as ITS1, 5.8S and ITS2 was used, while the lowest one was calculated when DNA sequence of trnL-F cpDNA region was analyzed. The genetic divergence between Incani and Dissitiflori sections was highest whereas between Hypoglottidei and Dissitiflori was lowest based on all used regions. To figure out phylogenetic relationships among Astragalus species distributed in Turkey and in other regions of the World, DNA sequences of studied regions of foreign samples were collected from the NCBI database and were evaluated with DNA sequence of Turkish species used in the curent study. The Iranian samples either scattered in the phylogenetic tree or attached to our samples externally. South and North American samples (New World Astragalus or Neo Astragalus group) were nested within a different subcluster, which was located in the main cluster produced by samples of Old World Astragalus group (Turkish samples). With these results, we can say that New World Astragalus group is monophyletic and diverged from Old World Astragalus group. Evolutionary divergence time for Astragalus genus was estimated as about 12.5 - 14.5 million years (Ma), and that of New World Astragalus group as 5.0 - 4.0 Ma when rates of nucleotide substitutions of trnL intron and matK cpDNA regions were analyzed. In addition to evolutionary divergence time estimation for Astragalus and New World Astragalus group, divergence times among used three sections of the genus were also calculated by using DNA sequences of trnL, trnV intron and matK cpDNA regions and results indicated that Hypoglottidei and Dissitiflori sections diverged about 5.0-7.0 million years later than Incani section.
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Law, Pui Ching. "Study of the modulating effects of Astragalus saponins on tumor angiogenesis and invasiveness in colon cancer cells." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2010. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/1156.
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Sanderson, Michael John. "Patterns of homoplasy in North American Astragalus L. (Fabaceae)." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184764.
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Patterns in the distribution of homoplasy are investigated from theoretical and empirical perspectives. The history of the term "homoplasy" as used by morphologists, evolutionary systematists, cladists, and others is reviewed, especially in relation to its complement, "homology." Homoplasy is defined relative to homology, which is viewed as any similarity shared through an unbroken line of common ancestry. An investigation of levels of homoplasy based on a statistical analysis of 60 published phylogenies reveals a strong dependence of homoplasy on the number of taxa included. This relation is independent of number of characters, type of data, taxonomic rank, or organism, and suggests that large taxa should be the focus of empirical studies of homoplasy. Hence, a phylogenetic analysis of the large genus Astragalus was undertaken using 113 representative species (and varieties) found in North America. Fifty-seven binary and multistate characters were scored and the resulting matrix was subjected to numerical cladistic analysis. Two large sets of equally parsimonious trees were found at 595 and 596 steps. The sets were analyzed using consensus methods, robust clades were discussed in detail, and the phylogenies were compared to previous classifications. Character evolution of a large set of taxonomically important and morphologically varied traits was investigated. Statistical tests were developed to detect patterns of topological clustering of homoplastic character changes in cladograms. The tests use Monte-Carlo computer simulations of four null models of character evolution in an attempt to reject the hypothesis of random homoplastic distributions. For the Astragalus data set only two of 17 characters were significantly clustered, and this is close to random expectation. Another data set from the literature was also tested, and in it no characters were clustered at the 5 percent level. The explanation for these negative findings regarding homoplastic "tendencies" is explored with respect to "scope", "scale", and character "resolution," factors believed to play an important role in the analysis of character evolution.
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Watrous, Kristal M. "Reproductive Ecology of Astragalus filipes, a Great Basin Restoration Legume." DigitalCommons@USU, 2010. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/617.
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Astragalus filipes Torrey ex. A. Gray (Fabaceae) is being studied and propagated for use in rangeland restoration projects throughout the Great Basin. Restoration forbs often require sufficient pollination services for seed production and persistence in restoration sites. Knowledge of a plant's breeding biology is important in providing pollination for maximal seed set. Reproductive output from four manual pollination treatments (autogamy, geitonogamy, xenogamy, and distant xenogamy) was examined in a common garden. Pod set, seed set, and seed germination were quantified for each of the treatments. Seed set from four wild populations was compared to that of an openly visited common garden array. A. filipes was found to be self-compatible, but to benefit greatly from outcrossing. Less seed germinated from distantly outcrossed treatments than for any other treatment, indicating possible outbreeding depression. Common garden plants set less seed per pod than any wild population, possibly due to a depauperate pollinator guild in the common garden. Bees were surveyed at wild A. filipes populations to identify common pollinators. Solitary and social bee species were observed visiting A. filipes to estimate aspects of their pollination efficacies, particularly foraging tempo and frequency of stigmatic contact. The nesting biologies of bees that visit A. filipes were considered as a component of bee manageability. Bees in the genus Osmia (Megachilidae) dominated this pollinator guild. Bombus nevadensis queens were the fastest foragers; honey bees and native solitary bees did not differ in foraging tempo. Megachilid bees consistently contacted the stigma during foraging, but honey bees exhibited sideworking behavior, contacting stigmas far less frequently than any other bee species observed. Two solitary bee species (Osmia bruneri and Hoplitis hypocrita) are recommended as prospective pollinators for management in association with Great Basin rehabilitation efforts.
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周穎茵. "黃芪多糖的化學組成及其對免疫系統調節作用的探討." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2017. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/453.
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背景黃芪是中醫藥中最常用的補益藥之一，現代研究發現其多糖類成分具有抗疲勞、抗氧他和免疫調節等作用，因此研究黃芪多糖的生理活性已成為研究黃芪藥理作用新的主流方向。由於多糖類物質分子量較大，單糖組成及組成方式多樣，所以對多糖的研究除生理活性外還需探討解析其他學特征。目的初步驗證黃芪多糖對免疫系統的生理活性及其自身他學組成，探討展望未來對黃芪多糖研究的新方向。方法本實驗採用水提醇沉法提取分離除黃芪粗多糖，經除蛋白及透析等操作純忙得到黃百多糖。採用高效凝膠色譜分離法及超高效液相色譜法分別求得黃芪多糖相對分子量大小及其單糖組成成分免疫活性探究使用RAW264.7 細胞系巨噬細胞，以脂多糖為陽性對照，採用MTT 法測試細胞毒性，計算加藥后一氧化氮及細胞因子IL-6 和TNF－α 生成量，評價黃芪多糖的免疫調節作用。結果黃芪多糖相對分子量為108.02kDa(±2.73kDa），由阿拉伯糖、葡萄糖、半乳糖、葡萄糖醛酸和半乳糖醛酸組成。MTT 實驗表明黃芪多糖對細胞無明顯毒性﹔ NO 及細胞因子IL-6 和TNF－α 生成量表明其具有免疫調節功能，且作用強度與黃芪多糖濃度在一定範圍內呈正相關。結論黃芪多糖具有免疫調節活性，但其組成成分較多，他學結構複雜，仍需要進行更多研究探討其作用機制及其他學結構與免疫調節機制的關係。【關鍵詞】黃芪多糖﹔化學組成﹔免疫活性
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Watson, Robert James. "Isolation and characterisation of the potential immunomodulatory principles from Astragalus membranaceus." University of Southern Queensland, Faculty of Sciences, 2006. http://eprints.usq.edu.au/archive/00004786/.
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[Abstract]: This thesis describes an in-vivo evaluation of ethanolic extracts of Astragalus membranaceus and fractions derived from this extract administered either orally by gavage or by intraperitoneal injection to Balb/c mice. Total antibody titre was used as an indicator of humoral immune response. Cell mediated immune response was determined using Interferon-γ and Interleukin-12 as indicators. Additionally, mice were vaccinated with a killed Salmonella typhimurium vaccine, previously demonstrated to induce humoral response but not cell mediated immunity, to determine whether the acquired immune response was enhanced or suppressed. Serum was analysed for total antibody titre using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Serum and splenocyte culture supernatants were analysed for levels of interferon-γ and interleukin-12. No statistically significant differences were observed between groups either orally gavaged or intraperitoneally injected with extracts of Astragalus membranaceus, or orally gavaged with fractions derived from this extract when compared with the control groups.
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Wong, Daniella Pui Kwan. "Investigation of the role of GRP78 and the potential therapeutic use of radix astragali in diabetic complications." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2013. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/1546.
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Zarre-Mobarakeh, Shahin. "Systematic revision of Astragalus sect. Adiaspastus, sect. Macrophyllium and Pterophorus (Fabaceae) /." [S.l. : s.n.], 1998. http://www.gbv.de/dms/bs/toc/253246628.pdf.
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Siegwarth, Mark. "Boyce Thompson Arboretum and Desert Legume Program's Search for the Wild Astragalus." University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/556801.
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Висоцький, Ігор Юрійович, Игорь Юрьевич Высоцкий, Ihor Yuriiovych Vysotskyi, V. I. Vysotsky, Алла Анатоліївна Качанова, Алла Анатольевна Качанова, Alla Anatoliivna Kachanova, and A. V. Azhar. "The use of astragalus dasyanthus for prevention and treatment of toxic hepatopathy." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2016. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/45120.
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Astragalus dasyanthus (Astragalus dasyanthus Pall.) belongs to the family of leguminous (Fabaceae). The plant is growing in the Crimea, Moldova, the Black Sea coast and elsewhere. Experimental studies have found that preparations of Astragalus dasyanthus exhibit the sedative, hypotensive, and diuretic properties and also expanding the coronary vessels.
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Semmar, Nabil. "Analyse de la diversité chimique (flavonoïdes et saponines) de l'espèce Astragalus caprinus (fabaceae)." Lyon 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LYO10244.
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Dans le cadre d'une coopération scientifique franco-tunisienne, la biodiversité de l'espèce Astragalus caprinus a été analysée avec les produits du métabolisme secondaire : flavonoi͏̈des et triterpénoi͏̈des. Le plan d'échantillonnage a concerné 400 plantes qui ont été récoltées dans 3 secteurs biogéographiques du nord et du sud de la Tunisie : la montagne de Bougarine, la steppe de Sousse-Monastir et le subdésert de Médine-Djerba. L'analyse phytochimique conduite par HPLC a permis d'étudier la distribution de 13 principales molécules flavoniques. Sur cette base de données analytiques, des analyses multivariées d'ordination et de classification ainsi que les transformations graphiques basées sur les séries finies de Fourrier, ont révélé 4 systèmes de régulations métaboliques conduisant à l'organisation de l'espèce A. Caprinus autour de 4 chemotypes. Au plan structural, la plupart des flavonoi͏̈des tetraglycosylés acylés et flavonoi͏̈des diglycosylés acylés méthoxylés. Quelques structures ont été complètement démontrées à l'aide de la résonance magnétique nucléaire 1H et 13C. Les relations entre chimie et environnement ont été approchées en comparant les données des divers milieux à l'aide de tests de Kruskal-Wallis et de Mann-Whitney ; la finalisation ultime de ces relations a été atteinte par analyse factorielle discriminante. La relation entre molécules et voies métaboliques a été établie grâce aux corrélations non paramétriques de Spearman ; cette première séquence d'analyses a été suivie d'une simulation des divers comportements métaboliques à l'aide d'un processus de mélange basé sur les réseaux simplex de Scheffé. Pour ce qui concerne les saponines, 4 molécules majeures ont caractérisé le patron triterpénique général ; après purification par MPLC, l'une d'entre elles a été élucidée par RMN1H et 13 C.
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Abdel, Samad Farah. "Caractérisation écogéographique et génétique du genre Astragalus du Liban : approches de conservation biogéographique." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM4320.
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Le genre Astragalus L. (Fabaceae) est l'un des genres ayant le plus grand nombre de représentants parmi les angiospermes. Son centre d'origine et de diversité est situé dans les zones arides des montagnes de l'Asie centrale et sud-ouest. Au Liban, ce genre est aussi l'un des plus genres représentés dans la flore, avec 62 espèces et sous-espèces et 22 espèces endémiques identifiés. Les différents taxons de ce genre sont difficiles à identifier en se basant uniquement sur les caractères morphologiques et leur statut actuel de la distribution doit être évaluée. Les relations phylogénétiques, les variations dans la taille du génome et le rôle de la polyploïdie dans l'évolution du genre Astragalus dans les chaînes de montagnes du Liban ont été étudiés. Nos données confirment qu'un polymorphisme chromosomique interspécifique significatif existe dans le genre Astragalus du Liban et la polyploïdie et l'évolution subséquente du génome peuvent être d'importants moteurs de l'évolution de ce genre. Le processus de diversification du genre Astragalus qui a eu lieu au Liban a été analysé en utilisant des méthodes de datation phylogénétiques et moléculaires et des analyses des aires ancestrales. Nos résultats confirment que le Liban est le troisième centre de diversité pour les Astragales et doit être considéré comme un «berceau» de la biodiversité. Par conséquent, cette étude est une contribution à une meilleure compréhension de l'évolution et des processus biogéographiques à l'origine de la mise en place de la biodiversité au Liban, avec une finalité appliquée de conservation biogéographiqueThe genus Astragalus L. (Fabaceae) is one of the genera with the largest number of representatives among the angiosperms. Its center of origin and diversity is located in the arid mountains of Central and Southwest Asia. In Lebanon, this genus is also one of the most represented genera in the flora, with 62 species and subspecies and 22 endemic species identified. The different taxa of this genus are difficult to identify based only on morphological characters and their current status of distribution must be evaluated. Phylogenetic relationships, changes in genome size and the role of polyploidy in the evolution of Astragalus genus in the Lebanese mountains range were studied. Our data confirm that a significant interspecific chromosomal polymorphism exists in the genus Astragalus of Lebanon and polyploidy and the subsequent evolution of the genome may be important drivers of the evolution of this genus. The diversification process of Astragalus genus that took place in Lebanon was analyzed using phylogenetic and molecular dating methods and analysis of ancestral areas. Our results confirm that Lebanon is the third center of diversity and should be considered as a "cradle" of biodiversity. Therefore, this study is a contribution to a better understanding of evolutionary and biogeographic processes behind the development of biodiversity in Lebanon, with an applied purpose of biogeographic conservation
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Eldredge, Sean D. "Beneficial fungal interactions resulting in accelerated germination of Astragalus utahensis, a hard-deeded legume /." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2007. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd2206.pdf.
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Liu, Jing. "Comparative study on the chemical constituents and bioactivity between radix astragali and radix hedysari." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2011. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/1401.
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Walker, George Floyd. "Analysis of molecular variation in the federally endangered Astragalus jaegerianus (Fabaceae, Papilionoideae): A species with a restricted geographic range." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2005. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2743.
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The purpose of this study is to investigate the level and distribution of genetic variation in Astragalus jaegerianus by using molecular markers. The objectives of the study are: to estimate levels of genetic variation within and among populations of Astragalus jaegerianus; to test the hypothesis that levels and patterns of genetic variation in species of restricted ranges and few individuals is low and partitioned at the population level; and to discern whether, or how well, genetic partitioning of Lane Mountain milk vetch correlates with its geographic partitioning in the field.
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Eldredge, Sean D. "Beneficial Fungal Interactions Resulting in Accelerated Germination of Astragalus utahensis, a Hard-Seeded Legume." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2007. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/1231.
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Seed germination is pivotal in the life cycle of native plants in a restorative context because initiation of the metabolic processes critical to establishment is key to survival in such a competitive environment. Dormancy characteristics of some native plants including the subject species, Astragalus utahensis, have evolved mechanisms to control germination in order to maintain a seed bank and ensure germination at the right time under optimal conditions. In vitro germination studies confirm beneficial interactions between Alternaria and Aspergillus fungi and Astragalus utahensis seed. Inoculated seed trials (1.0 x 106 spores/mL) exhibited a highly significant difference in percent germination between the uninoculated control at 5.0 % germination and seeds inoculated with Alternaria and Aspergillus germinating at 95 % and 55 %, respectively. Germination trials conducted in the greenhouse revealed a beneficial relationship between fungal spore inoculation and seed germination. Control seeds germinated in soil at a rate of 16.0 %; three times as high as exhibited in vitro. Seed inoculated with either Alternaria or Aspergillus seeds germinated in soil at the same rate of 50.0 %. A seed germination trial conducted in the field demonstrated a beneficial response with Aspergillus inoculation. Fall plantings on two sites near Fountain Green and Nephi, Utah confirm this beneficial response to Aspergillus spore inoculation. These field trials indicated a highly significant response with the germination of scarified control seed at 14.7 % and the Aspergillus and Alternaria treated seed germinating at 29.3 and 19.3 %, respectively. Greenhouse germination trials with spore-inoculated seed indicated a 100% survival rate. Astragalus utahensis seeds germinated at an accelerated rate when inoculated with Aspergillus and Alternaria spores in-vitro. The beneficial germination response of fungal inoculated seeds indicates the efficacy of these treatments in dormancy contravention in hard-seeded species.
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Tin, Man Ying. "Study of the anticarcinogenic mechanisms of astragalus membranaceus in colon cancer cells and tumor xenograft." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2006. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/777.
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Liu, Wing-yee, and 廖穎宜. "Effects of bioactive constituents of Astragalus membranaceus on the proliferation of colon cancer and endothelial cells." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/206745.
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Uncontrolled cell growth may lead to pathological conditions such as cancer. During the progression of cancer, cancer cells stimulate endothelial cells for angiogenesis to support their growth and migration. Previous studies suggest that Astragalus membranaceus, of which the dried root [Astragali Radix] is used as a traditional Chinese medicine, and its bioactive components, astragalus saponins (AST), astragaloside IV (AS IV) and isoflavonoid calycosin, inhibit cancer growth. The present study aimed to examine whether or not these components inhibit the growth and/or metastasis of colon cancer cells and/or angiogenesis of endothelial cells, and to determine the possible mechanisms involved.
The growth of HCT 116 colon cancer cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) after 72 hours incubation with AST (1 to 25 μg/ml), AS IV (0.5 to 100 μM) or calycosin (10 to 200 μM) were detected with thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide assay. Wound healing migration and tube formation assays were used to examine the metastatic and angiogenic potential of HCT 116 cells and HUVEC. Moreover, the expressions of apoptotic [B-cell lymphoma 2 and procaspase-3] and metastasis/angiogenesis-related proteins [matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-9 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)] were measured with Western immunoblotting. To investigate the potential mechanism(s) through which astragalus components affect the proliferation and/or migration of HCT 116 cells and HUVEC, the activities of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases [extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2 (ERK1/2), p38 MAP kinase (p38) and c-Jun amino-terminal kinases] were studied by measuring the expressions of their phosphorylated and total proteins with Western immunoblotting.
Calycosin (200 μM) inhibited the growth of HCT 116 cells without affecting that of HUVEC. While it inhibited the migration of both cell types, it stimulated tube formation only in HUVEC. In HCT 116 cells, calycosin downregulated the expressions of procaspase-3, VEGF, MMP-2 and MMP-9 proteins, inhibited ERK1/2 but activated p38. These effects of calycosin were not observed in HUVEC. Neither AST nor AS IV had any significant effects on the parameters studied in HCT 116 cells. AST also showed no effect in HUVEC; AS IV, at 100 μM, appeared to increase the number of tube formation by HUVEC.
In conclusion, the present findings suggest that AST has no significant effect on both cancer and endothelial cells while AS IV may promote angiogenesis without any direct action in colon cancer cells. In colon cancer cells, calycosin induces apoptosis, possibly through activation of caspase-3 and p38, and inhibits metastasis, possibly by downregulating MMP-2 and MMP-9, and inhibiting ERK1/2. However, in endothelial cells, the effect of calycosin is not conclusive as it promotes tube formation but inhibits migration. These findings provide the pharmacological basis for the use of Astragali Radix in the treatment of colon cancer, and the scientific evidence for a therapeutic potential of calycosin in the management of this disorder. Further studies are needed to verify the effect of calycosin on endothelial cells. In order to better mimic the clinical situation, the interaction between cancer and endothelial cells [for example, tumor-induced angiogenesis] needs to be taken into consideration.published_or_final_version
Pharmacology and Pharmacy
Master
Master of Philosophy
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Kada, Abderrazik. "Contribution à l'étude biosystématique de quelques espèces du genre Astragalus L. (Papilionaceae) du Bassin méditerranéen occidental." Toulouse 3, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991TOU30257.
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L'etude taxonomique de 58 especes d'astragalus du bassin mediterraneen occidental a ete realisee par phytodermologie et seminologie. Les resultats traites par analyses statistiques contribuent a la systematique du genre. L'etude ontogenique montre la diversite des especes sur le plan stomatique. Il faut souligner une nette predominance des types anisocytiques mesoperigenes et mesogenes. Si les stomates primitifs sont presents dans tous les groupes, les evolues nous ont permis de definir des lignees evolutives. Par une etude biometrique nous avons mis evidence la diminution de taille des stomates evolues. Les recherches sur le trichome des feuilles et des gousses ont mis en evidence sa diversite avec une nette opposition entre les poils simples et bifurques. Les poils simples seraient d'un degre de specialisation evolutive bien inferieur a celui des poils bifurques. Nous avons observe: 1) des cires en cristaux de densite variable (feuilles), 2) des cires eparses (graines), 3) sur les feuilles et les gousses des especes des zones arides, semi-arides ou de haute montagne, des stomates enfonces dans des depressions. L'etude seminologique met en evidence divers types d'ornementation des teguments, en particulier des structures inconnues chez astragalus: microplis irreguliers et reticules, reseau. Ces resultats montrent une heterogeneite des astragalus avec une predominance des microplis irreguliers et reticules. Les relations phylogeniques que nous avons etablies entre les sections et les sous-genres modifient en grande partie les classifications existantes. Nous avons mis en evidence de nouveaux groupes plus coherents
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Zhang, Zhu. "Exploration of the anticancer mechanisms of novel chemotherapeutic adjuvants involving autophagy and immune system reprogramming in the treatment of pancreatic cancer." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2020. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/755.
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Pancreatic cancer is known to be one of the most life-threatening cancers characterized by aggressive local invasion and distant metastasis. The high basal level of autophagy in pancreatic cancer may be responsible for the low chemotherapeutic drug response rate and poor disease prognosis. However, the clinical application of autophagy inhibitors was unsatisfactory due to their toxicity and minimal single-agent anticancer efficacy. Hence, oncologists begin to consider the tumor microenvironment when exploring new drug targets. In the present study, the anti-tumorigenic mechanisms of two major phytochemicals derived from Chinese medicinal herbs had been investigated against pancreatic cancer development. Calycosin is a bioactive isoflavonoid of the medicinal plant Astragalus membranaceus. Our results have shown that calycosin inhibited the growth of various pancreatic cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo by inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Alternatively, calycosin also facilitated MIA PaCa-2 pancreatic cancer cell migration in vitro and increased the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) biomarkers in vivo. Further mechanistic study suggests that induction of the Raf/MEK/ERK pathway and facilitated polarization of M2 tumor-associated macrophage in the tumor microenvironment both contribute to the pro-metastatic potential of calycosin in pancreatic cancer. These events appear to be associated with calycosin-evoked activation of TGF-β signaling, which may explain the paradoxical drug actions due to the dual roles of TGF-β as both tumor suppressor and tumor promoter in pancreatic cancer development under different conditions. Isoliquiritigenin (ISL) is a chalcone obtained from the medicinal plant Glycyrrhiza glabra, which can be a precursor for chemical conversion to form calycosin. Results have shown that ISL decreased the growth and EMT of pancreatic cancer cells in vitro, probably due to modulation of autophagy. ISL-induced inhibition of autophagy subsequently promoted reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, leading to induction of apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells. Such phenomenon also contributed to the synergistic growth-inhibitory effect in combined treatment with the orthodox chemotherapeutic drug 5-fluorouracil. In addition, ISL-induced tumor growth inhibition in vivo was further demonstrated in a tumor xenograft mice model of pancreatic cancer. ISL promoted apoptosis and inhibited autophagy in the tumor tissues. Study on immune cells indicates that ISL could reduce the number of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) both in tumor tissue and in peripheral blood, while CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were increased correspondingly. In vitro test has revealed that ISL inhibited the polarization of M2 macrophage along with its inhibition of autophagy in M2 macrophage. These immunomodulating effects of ISL had reversed the pro-invasive role of M2 macrophage in pancreatic cancer.In conclusion, calycosin acts as a "double-edged sword" on the growth and metastasis of pancreatic cancer, which may be related to the dual roles of TGF-β and its influence on the tumor microenvironment. Alternatively, ISL consistently inhibited the growth and metastatic drive of pancreatic cancer through regulation of autophagy and reprogramming of the immune system. The differential modes of action of these compounds have provided new insights in the development of effective pancreatic cancer treatment adjuvants.
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Deng, Ruixia, and 邓瑞霞. "Astragaloside IV promotes haematopoiesis and enhances cytokines release by mesenchymal stromal cells mediated immune regulation." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/198839.
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Although tremendous efforts have been made to search for other novel growth factors in promoting marrow recovery after irradiation or chemotherapy, there have not been any efficient and safe agents discovered so far. Danggui Buxue Tang (當歸補血湯) as a traditional Chinese herbal decoction, is commonly used for replenishing blood loss in menstruating women, or enhancing erythropoiesis and immune responses in various settings. Our previous study confirmed that Danggui Buxue Tang promotes haematopoiesis and thrombopoiesis both in vitro & in vivo. Recent studies also showed that parenteral Astragalus regulates haematopoiesis in myelosuppressed mice and has protection effect on UV irradiated human dermal fibroblasts. However, astragaloside IV, as the major component of Astragalus, the "Monarch" (君葯) in Danggui Buxue Tang, the bioactivity and its possible mechanism on haematopoiesis remains unclear.
My studies showed that astragaloside IV had promoting effect on different lineages of haematopoietic CFUs forming including erythrocytes, granulocytes, monocytes and megakaryocytes both in normal and irradiated mice. In the K562 and CHRF apoptotic model, astragaloside IV exerted proliferation effect and induced K562 into megakaryocytic differentiation. Astragaloside IV up-regulated phosphorylation of ERK and it was abolished by PD98059. Meanwhile, astragaloside IV increased phosphorylated ERK migration into nuclei which enhanced cell survival and differentiation. EGFR inhibitor also attenuated the enhancing effect of astragaloside IV on ERK phosphorylation. It suggested that astragaloside IV is likely to function through EGFR with subsequent activation of ERK1/2 pathway. Furthermore, astragaloside IV also increased Bcl-2/Bax ratio by up-regulating Bcl-2 alone.
Bone marrow derived mesenchymal stromal cells are the major supporting cells involved in the haematopoietic microenvironment. My studies demonstrated that astragaloside IV also indirectly enhanced haematopoiesis by stimulating cytokine release from MSCs, especially IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1 and GRO1. I also found that matured and activated population of neutrophils was increased after cultured with mesenchymal stromal cells conditional medium stimulated by astragaloside IV. This finding further supported why there was a significant increment of CFU-GM in vitro culture with murine bone marrow collected from mouse model after astragaloside IV treatment, where MSCs serve as the feeder layer in such system in mice.
In conclusion, my studies explored the directly and indirectly dynamic and multiple targeted function of astragaloside IV on haematopoiesis. In addition to activating haematopoietic cells, astragaloside IV also stimulated mesenchymal stromal cells to secret cytokines that could modulate haematopoiesis and up-regulated neutrophil production and maturation. It provided a holistic view on how astragaloside IV induced synergistic effect on haematopoietic cells and mesenchymal stromal cells in the marrow microenvironment.published_or_final_version
Chinese Medicine
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy
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Barghi, Nasrine. "Les différents niveaux de la variabilité caryotypique et morphologique (développement hétéroblastique) dans les genres Glycyrrhiza L. Et Astragalus L." Paris 11, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA112356.
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Ce travail relatif à trois espèces de Glycyrrhiza (G. Echinata, G. Glabra – la Vraie Réglisse, G. Lepidota) et l’Astragalus glycyphyllos (Fausse Réglisse) a permis à différents niveaux (espèce, population, individu, organe) de mettre en évidence et d(étudier des variations d’ordre caryotypique (par exemple existence possible de mosaïques chromosomiques chez certains individus d’A. Glycyphyllos) ou morphologique (vitesse et intensité du développement hétéroblastique, phénomène de rajeunissement accompagnant la ramification). L’intégration de tous les résultats obtenus autorise à ranger de l’espèce la moins évoluée à l’espèce la plus évoluée G. Lepidota, G. Glabra, G. Echinata et A. Glycyphyllos. Sur un plan fondamental, il est montré tout l’intérêt que la prise en compte de la vitesse et la diversité des séquences du développement hétéroblastique peut avoir dans les études taxonomique et phylogéniqueThe present study, concerning three species of Glycyrrhiza (G. Echinata, G. Glabra –truth liquorice, G. Lepidota) and A. Glycyphyllos (falsehood liquorice) has permitted at different levels (species, populations, individuals, organs) to show and study two types of variations: karyotypical (for example, possible existence of chromosomical mosaic in some individual of A. Glycyphyllos) and morphological (speed and intensity of this developmental heterophylly, phenomenon of rejuvenation accompanied by ramification). The synthesis of our results has allowed us to order the species from the less to the more developed: G. Lepidota, G. Glabra, G. Echinata and A. Glycyphyllos. More fundamentally, the study of the speed and diversity of developmental heterophylly sequence has been shown of great relevance to taxonomic and phylogenic research
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Sokoloff, Paul C. "Taxonomic status of the narrow endemic Astragalus robbinsii var fernaldii (Fernald's Milkvetch - Fabaceae): molecules, morphology, and implications for conservation." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/28671.
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Astragalus robbinsii var. fernaldii (Fernald's Milkvetch) is a federally listed taxon of "special concern" due for re-assessment by COSEWIC. Restricted to the Strait of Belle Isle region of Atlantic Canada, its taxonomy in respect to two co-occurring congeners, Astragalus eucosmus and Astragalus robbinsii var. minor, has been questioned due to the variable states of the varieties' diagnostic characters. To clarify phylogenetic relationships within this species complex we studied variation in chloroplast DNA, AFLPs and morphology.
Chloroplast DNA sequence data distinguished A. r. var. minor from A. eucosmus and most A. r. var. fernaldii. Three A. r. var. fernaldii populations possessed the A. r. var. minor haplotype, and AFLPs revealed no population structure, indicative of gene flow between taxa and populations. Morphometric analysis indicates that A. r. var. fernaldii is closer to A. eucosmus than A. r. var. minor. Based on these results taxonomic recognition of A. r. var. fernaldii is unwarranted, and we recommend that the taxon be merged into A. eucosmus.
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Wei, Lai, and 魏来. "Induction of LTB4 12-hydroxydehydrogenase (LTB4DH) by Radix Astragali and Radix Paeoniae Rubra: a study of theactive compounds and related biological functions." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2009. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B44683443.
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Haruda, Ashleigh Francis. "Central Asian economies and ecologies in the Late Bronze Age : geometric morphometrics of the caprid Astragalus and zooarchaeological investigations of pastoralism." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/17496.
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Sheep and goat formed the foundation of pastoral activity across the Central Asian steppe through the Bronze Age. Theories of pastoral activity have assumed that flocks were uniform in association with ethnic groups that crossed the steppe with new ceramic forms and technologies. This study investigated differences between flocks of sheep and goat across the eastern Kazakh steppe in the Late and Final Bronze Age to elucidate the potential for animal exchange and mobility. Geometric morphometric techniques were applied to archaeological astragali from Ovis aries and Capra hircus. The methods for measurement and analysis were carefully developed to control only for inherited characteristics that relate to environmentally driven adaptations in the movement of the hind limb. Efficiency of movement in this limb is tied to survival and reproductive success of animals. Specimens were selected from three archaeological sites located in different ecozones across the steppe to maximize ecological variability. Geometric morphometric results revealed that flocks of sheep exhibited unique astragalus morphology, indicating that crossbreeding and exchange did not occur between sites. These sites were also subjected to full zooarchaeological analyses to investigate variability of economic subsistence patterns. The total number of species as well as investigations into survival and skeletal body part representation revealed that each site had unique subsistence patterns that were related to local ecological resource availability, despite material culture links. This variability in subsistence patterns and flock uniformity indicate that animal trade was not a feature of steppe networks. Local lifeways were specific to small patches of the steppe, despite overarching shared material cultures.
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Cano, Castillo Miriam. "Aplicación de la micropropagación y criopreservación a la conservación ex situ de especies vegetales de interés." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Alicante, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10045/35678.
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Searle, Allyson B. "Reproductive Success and Soil Seed Bank Characteristics of Astragalus ampullarioides and A. holmgreniorum (Fabaceae): Two Rare Endemics of Southwestern Utah." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2011. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3044.
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Astragalus ampullarioides and A. holmgreniorum are two rare endemics of southwestern Utah. Over two consecutive field seasons (2009-2010) we examined pre-emergent reproductive success, based on F/F and S/O ratios, from populations of both Astragalus ampullarioides and A. holmgreniorum, estimated the density of the soil seed bank of A. holmgreniorum as a measure of potential post-emergent reproductive success, and estimated seed persistence within the soil seed bank. Fruit/flower (F/F) ratios and seed/ovule (S/O) ratios varied significantly between populations and among years in both species, and showed low reproductive output in both taxa. In Astragalus ampullarioides F/F and S/O were 0.06±0.01 and 0.16±0.02, respectively (2009), and 0.14±0.01 and 0.41±0.02, respectively (2010). For Astragalus holmgreniorum F/F and S/O ratios were 0.11±0.01 and 0.38±0.02, respectively (2009), and 0.23±0.01 and 0.66±0.02, respectively (2010). Although Astragalus holmgreniorum exhibited a low soil seed bank density (4.3 seeds m-2), seed persistence data showed low a low percentage of seeds germinated during the first year in the soil seed bank. Seeds remaining in the seed bank maintained high percent viability. Soil seed persistence of Astragalus ampullarioides differed from A. holmgreniorum in that a high percentage of seeds germinated during the first year in the soil seed bank. A high percentage of viability in ungerminated seeds was also maintained in A. ampullarioides. Although these species differ in life histories and dependence on soil seed banks, an understanding of the strategies unique to each species will prove useful in management plans.
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Jara, Peña Enoc Efer. "Evaluación de Lupinus condensiflorus C.P.Sm., L. ballianus C.P. Sm. y Astragalus garbancillo Cav. (Fabaceae) en la restauración de suelos que contienen plomo, cadmio y zinc." Doctoral thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/9406.
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Los objetivos del estudio fueron conocer la viabilidad de las semillas, y evaluar el desarrollo de Lupinus ballianus, L. condensiflorus y Astragalus garbancillo en suelos contaminados con cadmio, plomo y zinc y el uso potencial de estas especies en la fitorrestauración de suelos contaminados con metales pesados. El trabajo fue realizado en el invernadero en Lachaqui, Canta, región Lima, y en el Laboratorio de Fitología Aplicada en la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. La prueba de germinación de las semillas fue realizada en placas petri e incubadas en una cámara de crecimiento a una temperatura de 21/15 °C, un fotoperiodo de 12 horas día / y 12 horas noche, humedad relativa (80% día/ 90% noche), y una iluminación de 4800 lux: La prueba de emergencia de las plántulas fue realizado en un sustrato preparado en un diseño experimental completamente al azar. El contenido de la humedad de las semillas fue calculado en base al peso seco. Asimismo, el desarrollo de las tres especies vegetales fue evaluado con 12 tratamientos de relave de mina, y la unidad experimental fue una maceta de 19 cm de diámetro y 5 kg de capacidad. El experimento se realizó mediante el diseño experimental factorial completo de 3 x 4, y la distribución de las unidades experimentales de los tratamientos se realizó al azar, con 5 repeticiones por cada tratamiento. La acumulación de cadmio, plomo y zinc en los tejidos de las plantas se determinó mediante el método de absorción atómica. Las semillas con escarificación mecánica de lijado de la testa e inducidas en oscuridad, permitió una alta germinación de Lupinus ballianus L. condensiflorus y Astragalus garbancillo. Por lo tanto, las semillas escarificadas favorecieron la emergencia de plántulas en el sustrato, y la mayor emergencia de plántulas se obtuvo en Astragalus garbancillo. El mayor contenido de humedad en las semillas fue registrado en Astragalus garbancillo. La longitud de planta, el número de hojas y la producción de biomasa en las tres especies disminuyeron significativamente con el tratamiento de 100% de relave de mina. Los mayores valores de acumulación de cadmio total, plomo total, zinc total; y el contenido de estos metales en las raíces de Lupinus ballianus, L. condensiflorus y en Astragalus garbancillo, fueron obtenidos con el tratamiento de 100% de relave de mina. El factor de bioconcentración de cadmio en las tres especies fue > 1. Pero, el factor de bioconcentración y de transferencia de plomo y zinc en las tres especies fue < 1, en conclusión, las tres especies son fitoestabilizadores de metales pesados.Tesis
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Fund, Adam J. "Novel Treatments for Native Forb Restoration in The Great Basin." DigitalCommons@USU, 2018. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/7010.
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Public land management agencies, conservation organizations, and landowners are interested in expanding the diversity of plant species used in rangeland restoration seedings. While the restoration of native grasses and shrubs in the Great Basin has become increasingly successful, restoration of native forbs continues to be problematic. In the Great Basin, soil water availability and soil fungal pathogens are thought to limit to restoration success. During the course of two years, we conducted two field experiments at three sites in the Great Basin that spanned a latitudinal gradient encompassing different precipitation and temperature patterns.
In the first experiment, we evaluated two treatments for enhancing native forb restoration – snow fences and N-sulate fabric. In addition, we tested whether multiple fungicide and hydrophobic seed coatings could reduce seed and seedling mortality from soil fungal pathogens. To quantify the effectiveness of treatments, we tracked the fate of sown seeds over four life stages: germination, seedling emergence, establishment, and second-year survival. We found that snow fences and N-sulate fabric had varying degrees of success for increasing seedling emergence or establishment but ultimately did not increase second-year survival. Seed coatings increased seedling emergence but did not increase establishment or second-year survival.
In the second experiment, we replicated the first experiment and also measured soil water availability to better understand how snow fences and N-sulate fabric alter soil water availability, and if differences in soil water availability can explain restoration outcomes. While we found that our treatments can increase soil water availability, increased soil water did not consistently result in better restoration outcomes. Snow fences did not benefit any life stage at any site while N-sulate fabric had positive and negative effects on forb restoration depending on the site. Seed coatings increased seedling emergence and establishment at all sites, warranting further research with other forb species. Results from both experiments provide insights for developing new treatments and techniques that can improve native forb restoration in the Great Basin and similar semiarid systems.
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Zhou, Rui Na. "Pharmacokinetic study of astragaloside IV, a saponin marker of Astragali Radix, and its intestinal bacterial metabolites in the rat." Thesis, University of Macau, 2012. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2590315.
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REVILLION, DOMINIQUE. "Les fractures de l'astragale : a propos de 33 cas." Aix-Marseille 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989AIX20298.
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Hu, Guang. "Pharmacological characterization of angiogenesis effect of Astragali Radix." Thesis, University of Macau, 2012. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2586303.
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TERNIER, FREDERIC. "Exploration tomodensitometrique des fractures de l'astragale." Aix-Marseille 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991AIX20813.
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Carrié, Didier. "Les luxations sous-astragaliennes : a propos de 34 cas." Amiens, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994AMIEM117.
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Lin, Hui Chao. "Proangiogenic effect of Angelica sinensis, Radix Astragali and Radix notoginseng in zebrafish." Thesis, University of Macau, 2006. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b1636291.
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Hu, Guang. "Quantitative determination of six flavones and saponins in Radix Astragali by HPLC-ELSD." Thesis, University of Macau, 2006. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b1636287.
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Wei, Wei. "Immunomodulating effects of natural polysaccharides isolated from astragali radix and dendrobii officinalis caulis /Wei Wei." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2016. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/350.
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Radix Astragali (the dried root of Astragalus membranaceous (Fisch) Bge.) and Dendrobii Officinalis Caulis (the dried stem of Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo) are two traditional Chinese tonic herbs. They are commonly used in the formula with other Chinese herbs for tonifying Qi, nourishing Yin, and treating various kinds of diseases, such as cancer, diabetes, inflammation, etc. The polysaccharides are considered the majority of the chemical components of decoction boiled from a formula including these two medicinal herbs. The previous study showed that the polysaccharides isolated from Radix Astragali (named RAP) and Dendrobii Officinalis Caulis (named DOP) have various pharmacological activities and most of their activities are closely related to their immunomodulating effects. Nonetheless, the exact mechanism of their immunomodulating effects, especially on macrophages is not known clearly. In the current study, we have conducted a comprehensive investigation of the bioactive properties and molecular mechanism of immunomodulating activities of DOP and RAP. We aimed to clarify the molecular immunomodulating mechanism of RAP on macrophages and the actual anti-fatigue activity of DOP in vivo. Results can be summarized as follows: RAP itself did not have any cytotoxic effect on mouse mammary carcinoma 4T1 cells, but it significantly enhanced cytotoxicity of the supernatant of RAW264.7cells on 4T1 cells. Furthermore, RAP enhanced the production of NO and cytokines in RAW264.7 cells, and significantly up-regulated gene expressions of TNF-α, IL-6, iNOS. All these bioactivities were blocked by the inhibitor of TLR4 (Toll-like receptor 4), suggesting that TLR4 is a receptor of RAP and mediates its immunomodulating activity. Further analyses demonstrated that RAP rapidly activated TLR4-related MAPKs, including phosphorylated ERK, phosphorylated JNK, and phosphorylated p38, and induced translocation of NF-κB as well as degradation of IκB-α. In addition, RAP induced higher gene expression of M1 marker, including iNOS, IL-6, TNF-a, CXCL10, compared with those of control group. RAP-induced BMDMs were polarized from M2 to M1 phenotypes. RAP stimulated RAW264.7 cells to express Notch1, Notch2, Jaddge1, Dll1 and SOCS3. Notch signaling pathway played an important role in the RAP-induced polarization of M1 phenotype macrophages. The RAP-induced BMDMs exhibited anti-cancer effect when they were transplanted with 4T1 cells together in vivo and it decreased tumor volume and tumor weight. DOP, the authentication marker of Dendrobii Officinalis Caulis, has immunomodulating activity in macrophage cell line RAW 264.7. DOP enhanced cell proliferation, TNF-α secretion, and phagocytosis in a dose-dependent manner. It induced the proliferation of lymphocytes alone and with mitogens. For further study the anti-fatigue effect of DOP in vivo, the weight-loaded swimming test was used, because it is an effective method for evaluation of the extent of fatigue. The results indicated that DOP treatment significantly increased the swimming endurance time, body weight, and food intake, compared to the positive control Rhodiola rosea extract. Moreover, the weight-loaded swimming test decreased the levels of glycogen in gastrocnemius muscle, SOD, GSH-Px in serum, and increased the levels of LDH, BUN, MDA, CK, TG, and LD in serum. All of these indicators of fatigue were inhibited to a certain extent by both DOP and Rhodiola rosea extract, and DOP's effects are stronger. Furthermore, DOP-feeding mice showed significantly increased cell variability of T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes, compared with control mice. In conclusion, RAP may induce cytokine production of RAW264.7 cells through TLR4-mediated activation of MAPKs and NF-κB. RAP-induced BMDMs were polarized from M2 to M1 phenotypes through Notch signaling pathway. The unique and dominant polysaccharide DOP is proven to be major, active polysaccharide markers of D. officinale, and showed stronger anti-fatigue activity than Rhodiola rosea extract. As such, DOP has promising potential for pharmaceutical development into anti-fatigue health product.
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Zhang, Yi. "The proangiogenic effect of Radix Astragali extract and astragaloside IV in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC)." Thesis, University of Macau, 2007. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b1676783.
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Dalpizolo, Cristiano Antonio. "Estudo analítico da presença de astragalina em cultivares de feijão phaseolus vulgaris l." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/139393.
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As plantas pertencentes à família das leguminosas apresentam um grande interesse econômico, sendo que o Brasil é um país com vasta utilização de plantas desta família. Neste contexto, destaca-se a leguminosa Phaseolus vulgaris L. popularmente conhecida como feijão, que contém uma boa fonte de constituintes bioativos. Espécie nativa da América Central e dos Andes peruanos possui grande importância econômica para o Brasil. Em sua composição química podemos encontrar os flavonóides. Inúmeros artigos científicos descrevem as atividades dos flavonóides como antioxidantes, antimutagêncio, anticarcinogênico e na captação de nitrogênio durante o desenvolvimento da planta. Sendo esta leguminosa um dos alimentos mais consumidos no mundo e de larga importância econômica, o presente trabalho visou avaliar o perfil cromatográfico do extrato metanólico de 47 cultivares de feijão através da técnica de Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Eficiência (CLAE) e também a validação do seu método. O material vegetal, sementes, teve seu teor de umidade estabelecido pelo método gravimétrico. Através do perfil cromatográfico das sementes dos cultivares de feijão, foi possível identificar a presença de flavonóides como a astragalina, um heterosídeo do canferol. O método foi devidamente validado por Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Eficiência (CLAE) de acordo com os métodos preconizados na literatura. Os cultivares TB 0224, TB0226, TB 0309, Rosinha Precoce e Amarelo Iolanda, foram os que apresentaram teor maior de astragalina, demonstrando que os feijões de cor possuem maior composição de deste composto.Plants belonging to the legume family have a big economic interest, being Brazil is a country with extensive use of plants in this family. In this context, we highlight the legume Phaseolus vulgaris L. popularly known as beans, which are a good source of bioactive compounds. This species is native of southern Brazil and the main food consumed by the population. In its chemical composition can meet the flavonoids. Numerous scientific articles describing the activities of flavonoids as antioxidants, antimutagênic, anticarcinogenic and nitrogen uptake during plant development. Since this is a legume consumed more food in the world and of great economic importance, this study sought to evaluate the chromatographic profile of the methanol extract of 47 cultivars of beans through the technique of High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and also the validation of their method. The plant material, seeds, water content was established by gravimetric method. Through the chromatographic profile of the seeds of bean cultivars, it was possible to identify the presence of flavonoids and astragalin, a kaempferol heteroside. The method was validated for High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) according to the methods suggested in the literature. The cultivars with colored TB 0224, TB0226, TB 0309, Rosinha Precoce and Amarelo Iolanda, were those with a higher content of astragalin, demonstrating that colored beans have a higher composition of astragalin.
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Giacchè, Edoardo. "Pianificazione e progettazione in-silico di interventi di protesi totale di caviglia: definizione e valutazione di diversi approcci anatomici e disegni “su misura”." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017.
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Lo scopo delle protesi totali di caviglia è di permettere il recupero del normale movimento, garantendo la possibilità di compiere le principali attività quotidiane. Il presente studio è parte di un progetto dell’Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, orientato alla personalizzazione degli impianti protesici, con una sezione dedicata alla “customizzazione” degli impianti per piccole articolazioni, in particolare a quelle di caviglia. Lo scopo generale di questo lavoro risiede nel determinare una procedura generale di pianificazione/ progettazione in-silico di interventi di protesi totale di caviglia su misura. Ciò dovrebbe garantire, a partire da un disegno protesico di riferimento, di replicare i criteri di orientamento e posizionamento in base allo stato dell’articolazione di caviglia dei pazienti. A tale scopo sono stati utilizzati modelli CAD provenienti sia dalla segmentazione di immagini ottenute tramite CT Dual Energy del complesso anatomico di caviglia, sia relativamente al tipo di protesi oggetto della pianificazione, la Box Ankle©. Tutte le procedure di pianificazione e progettazione sono state effettuate e valutate in ambiente software Geomagic Control™ e Studio™: le tre componenti costitutive del modello protesico sono state prima allineate ed, in seguito, valutate attraverso delle mappe di distanza. Tale allineamento ha prodotto risultati molto più accurati rispetto alle procedura standard. Per stimare il valore della procedura di personalizzazione è stata effettuata un’ulteriore operazione di scalatura a partire dalla taglia “medium” della protesi in oggetto. Il posizionamento complessivo delle tre taglie e della scalatura è stato raggiunto nel rispetto dei criteri di impianto generali, della Box nello specifico. Sono stati individuati utili risultati in termini di quantificazione del volume osseo da asportare nelle osteotomie, ed informazioni per la futura realizzazione di guide di taglio personalizzate talari/ tibiali e sul contatto ossa-protesi.
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Zierau, Oliver, Ken Y. Z. Zheng, Anja Papke, Tina T. X. Dong, Karl W. K. Tsim, and Günter Vollmer. "Functions of Danggui Buxue Tang, a Chinese Herbal Decoction Containing Astragali Radix and Angelicae Sinensis Radix, in Uterus and Liver are Both Estrogen Receptor-Dependent and -Independent." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-165221.
Full textAbstract:
Danggui Buxue Tang (DBT), a herbal decoction containing Astragali Radix (AR) and Angelicae Sinensis Radix (ASR), has been used in treating menopausal irregularity in women for more than 800 years in China. Pharmacological results showed that DBT exhibited significant estrogenic properties in vitro, which therefore suggested that DBT could activate the nuclear estrogen receptors. Here, we assessed the estrogenic properties of DBT in an ovariectomized in vivo rat model: DBT was applied to the ovariectomized rats for 3 days. The application of DBT did not alter the weight of uterus and liver, as well as the transcript expression of the proliferation markers including the estrogen receptors α and β. However, DBT stimulated the transcript expression of the estrogen responsive genes. In addition, the inductive role of DBT on the expression of members of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor family in uterus and liver of ovariectomized rats was confirmed. These responses of DBT however were clearly distinct from the response pattern detectable here for 17β-estradiol. Therefore, DBT exhibited weak, but significant, estrogenic properties in vivo; however, some of its activities were independent of the estrogen receptor. Thus, DBT could be an exciting Chinese herbal decoction for an alternative treatment of hormone replacement therapy for women in menopause without subsequent estrogenic side effects.
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Zierau, Oliver, Ken Y. Z. Zheng, Anja Papke, Tina T. X. Dong, Karl W. K. Tsim, and Günter Vollmer. "Functions of Danggui Buxue Tang, a Chinese Herbal Decoction Containing Astragali Radix and Angelicae Sinensis Radix, in Uterus and Liver are Both Estrogen Receptor-Dependent and -Independent." Hindawi Publishing Corporation, 2014. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A28666.
Full textAbstract:
Danggui Buxue Tang (DBT), a herbal decoction containing Astragali Radix (AR) and Angelicae Sinensis Radix (ASR), has been used in treating menopausal irregularity in women for more than 800 years in China. Pharmacological results showed that DBT exhibited significant estrogenic properties in vitro, which therefore suggested that DBT could activate the nuclear estrogen receptors. Here, we assessed the estrogenic properties of DBT in an ovariectomized in vivo rat model: DBT was applied to the ovariectomized rats for 3 days. The application of DBT did not alter the weight of uterus and liver, as well as the transcript expression of the proliferation markers including the estrogen receptors α and β. However, DBT stimulated the transcript expression of the estrogen responsive genes. In addition, the inductive role of DBT on the expression of members of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor family in uterus and liver of ovariectomized rats was confirmed. These responses of DBT however were clearly distinct from the response pattern detectable here for 17β-estradiol. Therefore, DBT exhibited weak, but significant, estrogenic properties in vivo; however, some of its activities were independent of the estrogen receptor. Thus, DBT could be an exciting Chinese herbal decoction for an alternative treatment of hormone replacement therapy for women in menopause without subsequent estrogenic side effects.
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Lin, Yu Jin, and 林郁進. "Pharmcolognostical studies on Huangqi (Astragali Radix) and tissue-culture of Astragalus membranaceus." Thesis, 1995. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/45890367704549509316.
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Sager, Ricardo Luis. "Estudio químico-toxicológico de Astragalus distinens Macloskie y Astragalus bergii Hieronimus." Tesis, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10915/1526.
Full textAbstract:
El estudio de Astragalus distinens Macloskie y Astragalus bergii Hieronimus surge de la necesidad de aportar soluciones a problemas de intoxicación de bovinos y ovinos que se producen anualmente en el sur de la Provincia de San Luis. La especie identificada como causante de estas intoxicaciones es A. distinens M. incluyéndose también en este estudio a A. bergii por compartir el área de distribución y por que ambas especies son muy similares. La búsqueda de compuestos tóxicos se realizó en base a la información bibliográfica consultada y que indica la presencia de ácido cian hídrico, saponinas y selenio. Paralelamente se incluyeron nitrocompuestos orgánicos alifáticos que han sido identificados en especies extranjeras de Astragalus. Los resultados obtenidos a través de técnicas cualitativas, cuantitativas, extractivas y espectrométricas indican sólo la presencia de Miserotoxina en ambas especies. Los ensayos del producto confirmaron la toxicidad de estos compuestos y la determinación de dosis indican 33,63 mg/kg de peso de 3-nitro-1-propanol como Dosis Tóxica 50 y 169,17 mg/kg de peso de 3-nitro-1-propanol como Dosis Letal 50.The study on Astragalus distinens Macloskie and Astragalus bergii Hieronimus arises from the necessity of giving a solution to the problems of poisoning in bovine and ovine that are produced yearly in the southern part of the San Luis Province. The species that was identified as the cause of these problems is A. distihens, but A. bergii has been included because both species share the same distribution area and also because both of them are quite similar. The search for its toxic compounds was done on the basis of the information reviewed, that they havehydrocianic acid, saponins and selenium. Also aliphatic nitrocompounds, that were identified in various Astragalus species from abroad, were included.
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Alexander, J. Andrew. "A taxonomic revision of Astragalus mokiacensis and allied taxa within the Astragalus lentiginosus complex of Section Diphysi /." 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/8118.
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"Immunomodulatory and anti-tumour activities of Astragalus membranaceus." Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1991. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5886879.
Full textAbstract:
by Cho Chi Shing.Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1991.
Includes bibliographical references.
Acknowledgements --- p.I
Table of Contents --- p.II
Abbreviations --- p.VII
Aim and Scope of This Dissertation --- p.X
Abstract --- p.XII
Chapter Chapter One --- General Introduction --- p.1
Chapter 1.1 --- An Overview of the Immune System --- p.1
Chapter 1.1.1 --- Humoral antibody immune responses --- p.2
Chapter 1.1.2 --- Cell-mediated immune responses --- p.3
Chapter 1.2 --- Immunomodulation --- p.4
Chapter 1.3 --- An Overview of the Anti-tumour Strategies --- p.6
Chapter 1.3.1 --- Immunological defense mechanisms against tumours --- p.8
Chapter 1.3.1.1 --- T and B lymphocytes --- p.9
Chapter 1.3.1.2 --- The monocytes/macrophages --- p.9
Chapter 1.3.1.3 --- Non-specific killer cells --- p.10
Chapter 1.3.2 --- Adoptive immunotherapy against tumours --- p.11
Chapter 1.3.3 --- Induction of tumour cell differentiation --- p.12
Chapter 1.4 --- Traditional Chinese Medicines as Potential Immunomodulators and Anti-tumour Agents --- p.13
Chapter 1.5 --- General Properties of Astragalus membranaceus --- p.16
Chapter Chapter Two --- Materials and Methods --- p.20
Chapter 2.1 --- Materials --- p.20
Chapter 2.1.1 --- Animals --- p.20
Chapter 2.1.2 --- Astragalus membranaceus --- p.20
Chapter 2.1.3 --- "Buffers, culture media and chemicals" --- p.20
Chapter 2.1.4 --- Cell lines --- p.25
Chapter 2.2 --- Methods --- p.28
Chapter 2.2.1 --- Extraction and fractionation of Astragalus membranaceus --- p.28
Chapter 2.2.2 --- Characterization of Astragalus membranaceus --- p.32
Chapter 2.2.3 --- In vivo drug treatment --- p.33
Chapter 2.2.4 --- Isolation and preparation of cells --- p.34
Chapter 2.2.5 --- Assays for the immunomodulatory activities of Astragalus membranaceus --- p.36
Chapter 2.2.6 --- Assays for the immunorestorative properties of Astragalus membranaceus --- p.42
Chapter 2.2.7 --- Assays for the anti-tumour activities of Astragalus membranaceus --- p.43
Chapter 2.2.8 --- Statistical analysis --- p.47
Chapter Chapter Three --- "Extraction, Fractionation and Characterization of Bioactive Components from Astragalus membranaceus" --- p.49
Introduction --- p.49
Results --- p.50
Chapter 3.1 --- Extraction and Fractionation of Astragalus membranaceus --- p.50
Chapter 3.2 --- Lack of Cytotoxicity of A.M. to Mouse Splenocytes --- p.51
Chapter 3.3 --- Mitogenic Effect of A.M. Fractions on Mouse Splenocytes --- p.51
Chapter 3.4 --- AP and AI Fractions Did Not Exhibit Lectin-like Activity --- p.52
Chapter 3.5 --- Heat Stability of AP and AI Fractions --- p.52
Chapter 3.6 --- Chemical Destruction of the Mitogenic Activity of AI by Sodium Periodate But Not by Acetic Acid Treatment --- p.53
Discussion --- p.54
Chapter Chapter Four --- The Immunomodulatory Activities of Astragalus membranaceus --- p.63
Introduction --- p.63
Results --- p.65
Chapter 4.1 --- Effect of Astragalus membranaceus on the Specific and Nonspecific Immunity --- p.65
Chapter 4.1.1 --- Mitogenic effect of AI on mouse splenocytes in vivo --- p.65
Chapter 4.1.2 --- Effect of AI on lymphocyte sub-populations --- p.66
Chapter 4.1.3 --- Co-mitogenic effect of AI on mouse splenocytes in vitro --- p.66
Chapter 4.1.4 --- Enhancement of the mitogen-induced lymphocyte transformation in vitro by oral administration of AI --- p.67
Chapter 4.1.5 --- Mitogenic and co-mitogenic effects of AI on human cord blood lymphocytes in vitro --- p.67
Chapter 4.1.6 --- Primary humoral immune response to SRBC in AI-treated mice --- p.68
Chapter 4.1.7 --- Effect of AI on interleukin-2 production --- p.68
Chapter 4.1.8 --- Effect of AI on interleukin-2 receptor expression on mouse splenocytes --- p.69
Chapter 4.1.9 --- Immunopotentiating effects of AI on macrophage functions --- p.70
Chapter 4.1.9.1 --- Effect of AI on the cytostatic activity of macrophages in vitro --- p.70
Chapter 4.1.9.2 --- In vivo migration and phagocytic activity of macrophages in AI-treated mice --- p.70
Chapter 4.1.9.3 --- Cytostatic activity of macrophages in AI-treated mice --- p.71
Chapter 4.1.9.4 --- Effect of AI on the Fc receptor expression on mouse resident peritoneal exudate cells --- p.71
Chapter 4.2 --- Immunorestorative Properties of Astragalus membranaceus --- p.72
Chapter 4.2.1 --- Effect of AI on lymphocyte blastogenesis in aging mice --- p.72
Chapter 4.2.2 --- Effect of AI on lymphocyte blastogenesis in tumour-bearing mice --- p.72
Chapter 4.2.3 --- Effect of AI on lymphocyte blastogenesis in cyclophosphamide- treated mice --- p.73
Discussion --- p.74
Chapter Chapter Five --- The Anti-tumour Activities of Astragalus membranaceus --- p.94
Introduction --- p.94
Results --- p.95
Chapter 5.1 --- Lack of Direct Cytotoxicity of AI to Murine and Human Tumour Cell Lines In Vitro --- p.95
Chapter 5.2 --- Cytostatic Effect of AI on Various Murine and Human Cell Lines In Vitro --- p.96
Chapter 5.3 --- Effect of AI on the Growth of Transplantable Tumour Cells In Vivo --- p.97
Chapter 5.4 --- Effect of AI on TNF Production in Tumour-bearing Mice --- p.97
Chapter 5.5 --- In Vitro Induction of Lymphokine-activated Killer Cell Activity by AI --- p.98
Chapter 5.6 --- Tumour Cell Differentiation-inducing Activity of AI --- p.99
Discussion --- p.100
Chapter Chapter Six --- General Discussion and Future Perspectives --- p.120
References --- p.130
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Chien, Yung-Liang, and 簡永亮. "Studies on Antioxidative Components from Seeds of Astragalus complantus, Flowers of Lanata camara, and Volatile Components from Seeds of Astragalus complantus." Thesis, 2000. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/63519975804874872526.
Full textAbstract:
碩士東海大學
食品科學系
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The purposes of this study were to investigate antioxidative components from seeds of Astragalus complantus and flowers of Lanata camara and volatile components from seeds of Astragalus complantus. The results were summerized as following: (1) The antioxidative components from the ethyl acetate extract of seeds of Astragalus complantus The ground powder of seeds of Astragalus complantus was extracted with methanol . Then the methanol extract was extracted with n-hexane, ethyl acetate and n-butanol in succession. The antioxidative activity of the extracts was measured by the ferric thiocyanate method. The antioxidative efficiency was found in following order : BHA＞ethyl acetate extract＞n-butanol extract＞α-tocopherol＞n-hexane extract＞control. The ethyl acetate extract was fractionated by various chromatographies to isolate three pure components. Two of the isolated components were identified to be 3,5-dihydroxy-4''-methoxy- 1,1''-(1''2-ethylenediyl) bis[benzene] and 6''-methoxy-7-methyl formononetin (7,4'',6''-trimethoxy isoflavone) respectively.The rest one was tentatively concluded to be p-coumaroyl triterpenoid ester. (2) The antioxidative components from the ethyl acetate extract of flower of Lanata camara The flowers of Lanata camara were extractd with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, chloroform and methanol in order. The antioxidative activity of extracts were measured by the ferric thiocyanate method. The antioxidative efficiency was found in following order : BHA＞ethyl acetate extract＞α-tocopherol＞n-hexane extract＞methanol extract＞chloroform extract＞control. The ethyl acetate extract was fractionated by various chromatographies to isolate two pure polyphenyl. They were identified to be 2''-(3",4",5"- trihydroxyphenyl)-ethyl -sterate and protocatechuic acid respectively. (3)Volatile components from seeds of Astragalus complantus The volatile extracts were obtained from seeds of Astragalus complantus by Likens-Nickerson extraction, supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) and the ethyl acetate extract. The 28 components of the volatile extracts had been identified by GC-MS,including 5 alkylenes, 5 aldehydes, 5 ketones, 5 acids, 3 esters and 1 alkane. The antioxidative activities of the volatile extracts and solvents extracts were analyzed by the ferric thiocyanate method and compared to that of BHA and α-tocopherol. The antioxidative activity of the ethyl acetate extraction was found to be better than those of Likens-Nickerson extraction and supercritical fluid extraction.