Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'ASTIDE model'
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Marchewka, Astrid [Verfasser]. "A numerical simulation model of valence-change-based resistive switching / Astrid Marchewka." München : Verlag Dr. Hut, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1137023686/34.
Full textRakow, Astrid [Verfasser], and Eike [Akademischer Betreuer] Best. "Slicing and reduction techniques for model checking Petri nets / Astrid Rakow. Betreuer: Eike Best." Oldenburg : IBIT - Universitätsbibliothek, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1022124684/34.
Full textGärdes, Astrid [Verfasser]. "A bilateral model system for the molecular investigation of diatom-bacteria interactions / Astrid Gärdes." Bremen : IRC-Library, Information Resource Center der Jacobs University Bremen, 2010. http://d-nb.info/1035032279/34.
Full textHo, Wing-yan Glos, and 何詠茵. "Toward an Olympics-national identity model: astudy of the Beijing Olympics in Hong Kong and Macao." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2009. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B43223850.
Full textČegan, Jakub. "Detekce síťových útoků pomocí statistických modelů nad netflow daty." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta informačních technologií, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-236589.
Full textNiederle, Astrid Elisa [Verfasser]. "Local Aspects of the Bose Glass – Phase transitions of the disordered Bose–Hubbard model / Astrid Elisa Niederle." München : Verlag Dr. Hut, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1113334800/34.
Full textMarchewka, Astrid [Verfasser], Rainer [Akademischer Betreuer] Waser, and Christoph [Akademischer Betreuer] Jungemann. "A numerical simulation model of valence-change-based resistive switching / Astrid Marchewka ; Rainer Waser, Christoph Antonius Jungemann." Aachen : Universitätsbibliothek der RWTH Aachen, 2017. http://d-nb.info/116249879X/34.
Full textArnold, Astrid [Verfasser]. "Therapeutische Angiogenese - ein Modell zur Untersuchung der präklinischen Aspekte der biologischen Sicherheit eines Gentransferarzneimittels / Astrid Arnold." Lübeck : Zentrale Hochschulbibliothek Lübeck, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1017496420/34.
Full textNiederle, Astrid Elisa [Verfasser], and Heiko [Akademischer Betreuer] Rieger. "Local aspects of the Bose glass : phase transitions of the disordered Bose-Hubbard model / Astrid Elisa Niederle ; Betreuer: Heiko Rieger." Saarbrücken : Saarländische Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1115721445/34.
Full textDroin, Jean-Baptiste. "Modélisation d’un transitoire de perte de débit primaire non protégé dans un RNR-Na." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAI044/document.
Full textWithin the framework of the Generation IV Sodium-cooled Fast Reactor (SFR) R&D program of CEA (French Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives), safety in case of severe accidents is assessed.Such transients are usually simulated with mechanistic codes (such as SAS-SFR and SIMMER III). As a complement to these codes, which give reference accidental transient calculations, a new physico-statistical approach is currently followed by the CEA; its final objective being to derive the variability of the main results of interest for safety. This approach involves a fast-running description of extended accident sequences coupling physical models for the main phenomena to advanced statistical analysis techniques. It enables to perform a large number of simulations in a reasonable computational time and to describe all the possible bifurcations of the accident transient.In this context, this PhD work presents the physical tool (models and results assessment) dedicated to the initiation and primary phases of an Unprotected Loss Of Flow accident (i.e. until the end of sub-assemblies degradation and before large molten pools formation). The accident phenomenology during these phases is described and illustrated by numerous experimental evidences.It is underlined that the features of the new heterogeneous core concept (called CFV of the French ASTRID prototype) leads to different kinds of ULOF transients than those occurring in the previous past homogeneous cores (SuperPhenix, Phenix...). Indeed, its negative void effect drops the nuclear power when sodium heats-up and possibly boils. This enables three types of ULOF transients characterized by various core final states; the first two types leading to final coolable core states in natural circulation flow (the first one in single phase, the second one in stabilized two-phase flow) whereas the core undergoes a flow excursion followed by sub-assemblies degradation in the last type. In this study, a particular attention is paid to stabilize boiling occurrence which leads to minimize severe accident consequences.The phenomena occurring during the various ULOF transients are modelled in accordance to the level of details required to catch all the possible bifurcations of the transient. The tool coupled different (2D, 1D and 0D) models of thermics, thermo-hydraulics, core degradation (material melting and motions) and neutronics. The assumptions associated to these models are highlighted, discussed and validated. The physical tool capability of simulating the various realistic ULOF transients (without boiling, with stabilized boiling or flow excursion after boiling) is demonstrated by comparisons to experimental results (GR19, SCARABEE experiments) and to mechanistic simulations (CATHARE2 and SIMMER III).Parametric studies are then carried out on two variables: the fuel burn-up and the model of neutronic feedbacks. They underline the important influence of these parameters on the transient and the final core state. Finally, a preliminary sensitivity analysis (2000 simulations) is performed on 26 uncertain parameters (linked to initial core configuration, accident features, model uncertainties and radial nodalization). The variability of the final core state is underlined and quantified; only around 25% of cases lead to core degradation. The main influent parameters on transient phenomena are also identified, enabling to prioritize core design and safety studies.In the future, this tool will be used for safety-informed design and stability analyses of fast reactor systems, allowing to emphasize the main dominant phenomena and trends of significance for safety assessment
Kosinska, Anna [Verfasser], Michael [Akademischer Betreuer] Roggendorf, and Astrid [Akademischer Betreuer] Westendorf. "Improvement of therapeutic vaccination for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B in a preclinical model (woodchuck) / Anna Kosinska. Gutachter: Astrid Westendorf. Betreuer: Michael Roggendorf." Duisburg, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1015428320/34.
Full textHerrmann, Astrid [Verfasser], and Andreas [Gutachter] Hirsch. "Synthesis of Multi-Porphyrin-Fullerene Conjugates as Models for Photosynthetic Light-Harvesting and Charge-Transfer Events / Astrid Herrmann ; Gutachter: Andreas Hirsch." Erlangen : Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 2017. http://d-nb.info/1140642472/34.
Full textGoff, George Ahmad IV. "The Influence of College among Undergraduate Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) Majors on Career-Decision-Making Self-Efficacy." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1458463422.
Full textBurlaka, Vladimir [Verfasser], Astrid [Akademischer Betreuer] [Gutachter] Pundt, Hans Christian [Gutachter] Hofsäss, Hans-Ulrich [Gutachter] Krebs, Michael [Gutachter] Seibt, Vasily [Gutachter] Moshnyaga, and Helmut [Gutachter] Klein. "Critical thicknesses in Nb-H thin films: coherent and incoherent phase transitions, change of precipitation and growth modes and ultrahigh mechanical stress / Vladimir Burlaka. Betreuer: Astrid Pundt. Gutachter: Astrid Pundt ; Hans Christian Hofsäss ; Hans-Ulrich Krebs ; Michael Seibt ; Vasily Moshnyaga ; Helmut Klein." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1110148135/34.
Full textDeinert, Anika Verfasser], Sven [Akademischer Betreuer] [Voelpel, Astrid C. [Akademischer Betreuer] Hohmann, and Adalbert F. X. [Akademischer Betreuer] Wilhelm. "Determinants of leaders' success: Toward an integrated model of personality, beliefs, behavior, and diversity / Anika Deinert. Betreuer: Sven Voelpel. Gutachter: Sven Voelpel ; Astrid C. Hohmann ; Adalbert F. X. Wilhelm." Bremen : IRC-Library, Information Resource Center der Jacobs University Bremen, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1087295211/34.
Full textMoser, Astrid U. [Verfasser], Hans [Akademischer Betreuer] [Gutachter] Pretzsch, Johannes [Gutachter] Kollmann, and Stephan [Gutachter] Pauleit. "Structure and Growth of Urban Trees and Their Impacts on the Environment - From Assessment to Model / Astrid U. Moser ; Gutachter: Hans Pretzsch, Johannes Kollmann, Stephan Pauleit ; Betreuer: Hans Pretzsch." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1123729352/34.
Full textSoliz, Martinez Michele Catherine. "The Influence of Institutional Practices and Resources on Latino Baccalaureate Completion Rates." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1351176263.
Full textKaraki, Soumaya. "Effets immunorégulateurs de la protéine GILZ (Glucocorticoid-induced leucine Zipper) sur la fonction des cellules dendritiques dans la réponse immunitaire allergique : étude Clinique et expérimentale." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00923138.
Full textChilds, Sidney Robert. "Impact of the Student Support Services/TRIO Programming on Persistence and Academic Achievement." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1372075402.
Full textDetwiler, Robert R. "Assessing Factors Influencing Student Academic Success in Law School." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1318730664.
Full textDumas, Milne Edwards Orianne. "Risques professionnels dans l'asthme." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00914719.
Full textUsina, Phyllis. "Impact of a California Community College's General Education Information Literacy Requirement." ScholarWorks, 2015. http://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1723.
Full textGore, Shanda Laine. "An Examination of Involvement Behaviors and Minority Student Retention at Academic Medical Institutions." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1236199762.
Full textSiao, Him Fa Valérie. "Phénotypes et endotypes de l'asthme sévère préscolaire de l’enfant : rôle du muscle lisse bronchique dans le remodelage précoce." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0109.
Full textBackground : Severe asthma in childhood is associated with decreased lung function in adulthood. This is linked to airway remodeling and increased BSM mass. Aim: To describe severe asthma endotype and phenotype in preschool children Material & methods : Prospective study conducted in 2 tertiary-care university Hospitals including preschool children (1 to 4 years old) with severe asthma (modified ATS criteria) in the « P’TI TASTHME » cohort. Bronchial biopsy obtained by bronchoscopy were studied by optic and electronic microscopy. Airway smooth muscle cell (ASMc) were cultured to study ASMc proliferation and mitochondrial biogenesis. Results 50 preschool children with severe asthma were separated in 2 groups : big ASM and small ASM.Big ASM was defined by a z-score alpha-smooth muscle actin (immunochemistry) > + 2 SD and small ASM <+ 2 SD (vs controls). Severe asthmatic Preschool chidren with big ASM had more severe exacerbations vs small ASM. Conclusion ASM have a pivotal role in the severity of asthma in preschool children. Mitochondria may represent a new target to treat BSM proliferation in severe childhood asthma
Bianchi, Andrea. "Magnetic resonance imaging techniques for pre-clinical lung imaging." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0060/document.
Full textIn this work, ultra-short echo time (UTE) Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) sequences are investigated as flexible tools for the noninvasive study of experimental models of lung diseases in mice. In small animals radial UTE sequences can indeed efficiently limit the negative impact on lung image quality due to the fast spin dephasing caused by the multiple air/tissue interfaces. In addition, radial UTE sequences are less sensitive to motion artifacts compared to standard Cartesian acquisitions. As a result, radial UTE acquisitions can provide lung images in small animals at sub-millimetric resolution with significant signal to noise ratio in the lung parenchyma, while working with physiological conditions (freely-breathing animals). In this thesis, UTE proton MRI sequences were shown to be efficient instruments to quantitatively investigate a number of hallmarks in longitudinal models of relevant lung diseases with minimal interference with the lung pathophysiology, employing easilyimplementable fast protocols. The synergic use of positive contrast agents, along with anadvantageous administration modality, was shown to be a valuable help in the increase of sensitivity of UTE MRI. At the same time, UTE MRI was shown to be an extremely useful and efficacious sequence for studying positive contrast agents in lungs
Lin, I.-chun, and 林怡君. "Astudy ont eh Production-Distribution Model of Global Logistics Management." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/92905362128529510630.
Full text國立雲林科技大學
全球運籌管理研究所碩士班
97
With the development of technology, the change of consumer demand style, and the economical globalization trend tide of the economic globalization trend, the enterprises should transfer their strategy to get with such a huge uncertainty environment. The way they can choose is expending their operating region in other countries to seek more sources and consumers. Because of it, the supply chain of industry is spreading overseas to obtain advantage for operation and enhance competitive ability. Therefore, the issue of global logistics management is crucial in modern society. Taking a broad view of former research, most papers investigate the global logistics management of the enterprise situation through case studies. The research of mathematical model establishment for global logistics system is necessary. The globalization problem should take many factors into account more than the operating problem in single country. The objective of this paper is to present a model in global perspective with limited resources. In addition, the impact of exchange rate and tariff is one of the topics of this research.
Wu, Kuan-Chieh, and 吳冠頡. "Astudy of adaptive diagnosis for large faults in hypercubes under the comparison model." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/31298456953696107877.
Full text國立東華大學
資訊工程學系
104
To diagnose the faulty processor correctly with a real-time and efficient way is always an important issue of a distribution system. For a network system of multiprocessors, no one can promise that all processors always work correctly. It might be broken any time and we could not know how many processors are broken. For this problem,my thesis proposes an algorithm which can diagnose all faulty processors with-in six test rounds. Also, we implement the related parallel programs and simulate them on MPICH2 platform. By our algorithm, all faulty processors can be identified as long as the number of faulty processor is less or equal than T(N), evaluated by the dimension of the hypercube. We also study the scenario that the number of faulty processors over T(N) to present the fault-tolerant ability of this algorithm.
Ruck, Astrid [Verfasser]. "On the asymptotics of the LRT in mixture models / vorgelegt von Astrid Ruck." 2005. http://d-nb.info/975118803/34.
Full textLai, Ming-Chang, and 賴明昌. "The Effects of Customer Retention Strategies on Integrated Model of Behavioral Intentions-AStudy of a Security in Taiwan." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/43788764701664908046.
Full text國立臺北科技大學
商業自動化與管理研究所
91
Most of the past studies of service marketing take consumer view but less takes industrial view. Their constructs mostly adopt service quality, customer satisfaction, and price. From the industrial high-level interview, we know factors that affect customer retention are service quality, price, and image, so the constructs that the psat studies adopt are not enough. Varki and Colgate add price into their study of the integrated model of behavioral intentions according the lack of the past studies but their study still lack image. Grönroos proposes customer retention strategies that include service, core product, price, and image and the four customer retention strategies cover more and complete constructs. Grönroos’ customer retention strategies not only covers the outcomes of security interview but also fetch up the lack of Varki and Colgate’s model.What’s more, it causes this study to adopt Grönroos’ four customer retention strategies and Varki and Colgate’s integrated model of behavioral intentions. As a result, this study decides to use four strategies to discuss the effects on behavioral intention by the mediators relationship quality and customer value. This study uses LIREL 8.51 as the tool to discuss causal model. The reliability, validity, and quality indexes of this model are very good. Finally, this study uses analysis of variance to proceed analysis according to customer characteristics. The conclusions are as follows: First, service and image have positive effects on relationship quality and customer value. Second, price doesn’t have a positive effect on customer value. Third, relationship quality and customer value have positive effects on behavior intention. Fourth, price is the most minded factor by customers, but service has the most important effect on customer behavioral intentions. It demonstrates that price doesn’t necessarily win customer’s loyalty. Fifth, industry type, area, and position of decision maker affect the total evaluation of security service and core product.
Wachter, Astrid [Verfasser]. "Quantitative models of AGB populations with subsolar metallicities and their mass loss / vorgelegt von Astrid Wachter." 2007. http://d-nb.info/983740283/34.
Full textChen, Hung-Yu, and 陳虹宇. "Astudy of the small and medium Taiwanese enterprises' outward investment model and strategy the case of Taiwanese enterprises in Thailand." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/09101653847436120288.
Full text國立暨南國際大學
東南亞研究所
93
Abstract Taiwan’s small and medium enterprises (SMEs) are the motive power and the main part of the development of Taiwan from manufacturing the original equipment and exporting the original equipment in 1960’s to 1980’s to investing outward foreign directly, designing the products and their own brand, and marketing after the middle term in 1980’s. The SMEs are in the vanguard of Taiwanese enterprises entering the international market. The distinguishing characteristic of the SMEs is its greatly outward-looking development. When the SMEs precede investment, they have the problems to obstruct the development of these enterprises, such as the lack of capital, the lack of the ability of research and development, the lack of the ability of organization and management. In order to enhance the competitiveness, the SMEs must practice the management to better the working efficiency and induce the production costs; moreover, the SMEs get the resources and share the risks by the strategic alliances in business. Documentary-historical method is applied to this study to analyze the modes of the investment and management and the models of the strategic alliances. We prove the modes of the investment and management of the SMEs in Thailand through the fieldwork and data collection. Besides, we discuss that how the SMEs reduce the production costs and enhance the competitiveness by the way of the strategic alliances in business. We found that even though the SMEs have the problems of lacking the professionals in technical and management and the enterprises are hard to borrow money from the bank in the investment market of Thailand for a long time, the specialized cooperative network of the SMEs from Taiwan is shaped and considerable in Thailand. Meanwhile, it is the advantages that the Taiwanese SMEs have. There are all kinds of enterprises’ investment in Thailand. The SMEs from Taiwan can combine the competitive advantages and expand the market of hinterland in Thailand or they center on Thailand and enlarge their market to the countries of Southeast Asia because of Thailand is located at the core of Indochina Peninsula. Secondly, the Taiwanese SMEs in Thailand often invest in the Thai market by single. This kind of investment could achieve a great achievement in the primary stage, but could not be effective for the development of the SMEs over a long period of time. Therefore, the SMEs use the strategic alliances to help them get the resources that they need and avoid wasting the reduplicate resources to enhance the competitiveness. However, after interviewing the SMEs in Thailand, we found that the SMEs are afraid that the competitors copy their advantages and they are unfamiliar with the way of the strategic alliances, so the strategic alliances are often excluded by the SMEs. At the same time, the SMEs interest in the alliances of enlarging the market, for example, the strategic alliance of co-marketing. It shows that the SMEs’ unwilling to participate the strategic alliances for they are unfamiliar with the way of cooperating, and then they would lose the chance of increasing competitiveness. Finally, with Mainland China opened its doors for investment of overseas countries, it made lots of foreign enterprises invest in Mainland China. There are many snares of investment in Mainland China; it is riskful for the SMEs, which have the competition ability, to invest in China. Nevertheless, the Taiwanese SMEs in Thailand have known the modes of trading and the environment of investing. If Taiwan Merchant Association in Thailand and the Taiwan government can help the SMEs and the SMEs can base on the strategic alliances, which is for expanding the market in Thailand at first, it would expand the market and the enterprises would be familiar with the strategic alliances as a reference for the changing of business in the future and raising the competitiveness.
Huang, Shih-Hsiung, and 黃勢雄. "Professional Competencies of HR Graduate Students in Taiwan: an Application of the ASTD WLP Competency Model." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/78124638231699815578.
Full text南台科技大學
休閒事業管理系
97
This study investigated the perceived competency level of Human Resource (HR) graduate students in Taiwan in five selected Areas of Expertise (AOE) from the 2004 American Society for Training & Development (ASTD) Competency Study: Mapping the Future. These areas were selected because they have the highest weighting in the ASTD Certified Professional in Learning and Performance (CPLP) exam, and therefore can be considered as the most critical for success as a Human Resource Development (HRD) practitioner. The findings indicated that the perceived current level of knowledge for HR graduate students in Taiwan was below what they perceived would be needed as a future HRD practitioner for the five AOE’s included in this study. This may be a cause for concern. The result of this study should be useful to both the faculty as well as to program advisory councils. It may also be of interest to the prospective employers of program graduates.
Leja, Astrid [Verfasser]. "The lectin-like TNF domain : role in experimental models of pulmonary edema reabsorption and Trypanosoma brucei infection / vorgelegt von Astrid Leja." 2004. http://d-nb.info/97288128X/34.
Full textMassoud, Amir Hossein. "The anti-inflammatory properties of intravenous immunoglobulin in a murine model of allergic airway disease ; effects on the development of regulatory T-cells." Thèse, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/9890.
Full textIntravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) is a therapeutic preparation of normal human polyclonal IgG derived from pooled plasma from a large number of healthy donors. Initially used as replacement therapy for patients with primary and secondary immune deficiencies, IVIg is now also widely used for the treatment of a variety of autoimmune, allergic and systemic inflammatory disorders, at high immunomodulatory doses. The beneficial effect of IVIg in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases has been attributed to different mechanisms. Increasing evidence shows that IVIg induces expansion and enhances the suppressive function of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in different experimental animal models and human subjects, through an unknown mechanism. Human inflammatory and autoimmune diseases are known to be associated with Treg deficiency. Therefore, a more precise understanding of the mechanisms by which IVIg modulate Treg populations seems to be needed for more rational use of this compound as an alternative therapy in context of various inflammatory and autoimmune disorders. Using a robust antigen-driven model of allergic airway disease, we have demonstrated that IVIg markedly attenuates airway inflammation and this effect is associated with the induction of Tregs from non-regulatory T cells in pulmonary tissues. We have also demonstrated that the antiinflammatory actions of IVIg, in our model are dependent on a population of pulmonary CD11c+ dendritic cells (DCs), as the action of IVIg could be completely replicated by adoptive transfer of CD11c+ DCs from IVIg-treated mice. we have shown that tolerogenic DCs involve in the peripheral induction of Tregs. Given the requirement of DCs in the induction of Tregs, we explored the mechanism by which IVIg interacts and modulate these cells and for the first time demonstrated that the purified sialylated fraction of human IgG (SA-IVIg) (that consists 2-5% of whole IgG) interacts with an inhibitory C-type lectin receptor on dendritic (DCIR) and this interaction triggers an ITIM intracellular signaling cascade. This subsequently results in rendering tolerogenic activities to DCs and peripheral induction of Tregs. The anti-inflammatory activity of SA-IVIg has been shown in previous studies, but the mechanism by which it modulates DCs functions is not well understood. We also demonstrated that DCIR facilitates the internalization of IgG molecules into DC and this internalization appears to be a crucial step for induction of Tregs. IVIg is a costly therapeutic compound. Characterization of the mechanism of action of IVIg can lead to a better application of this plasma based therapy in a wide range of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.
Taghiakbari, Mahsa. "Développement et validation de modèles pour le diagnostic de l'asthme professionnel." Thèse, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/20562.
Full textBullone, Michela. "Reversibility of airway remodeling in equine asthma : contribution of anti-inflammatory and bronchodilator therapies." Thèse, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/18381.
Full textAirway remodeling and inflammation are the hallmarks of asthma. Both airway smooth muscle (ASM) mass and extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition are increased in the central and peripheral airways of asthmatic patients, which contribute to airway obstruction. Few studies have investigated the ability of current asthma medications to reverse airway remodeling, especially the increased ASM mass. Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) and long-acting β2-agonist combinations (ICS/LABA) are more effective than ICS monotherapy to control asthma exacerbations. However, their efficacy at modifying bronchial inflammation and remodeling at the peripheral level of the lung is not well-described. In fact, most work has been performed using endobronchial biopsy samples obtained from asthmatic subjects, which completely disregard the alterations occurring in peripheral airways. Ethical considerations limit the possibility of biopsying the peripheral airways in humans due to the invasiveness of the procedure. Equine asthma, or heaves, is a naturally-occurring disease of adult horses and a recognized animal model of human asthma characterized by neutrophilic inflammation as well as ASM and ECM remodeling of peripheral airways. This thesis has assessed the contribution of ICS and LABA, alone or combined, to the reversal of remodeling and inflammation in central and peripheral airways using the equine asthma model. To attain this goal, we have first optimized and validated the application of endobronchial biopsy and endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) in the equine species. EBUS reliably estimates the bronchial ASM. Subsequently, asthmatic horses with ongoing airway remodeling and inflammation were treated with ICS, LABA, ICS/LABA, or antigen avoidance. Lung function, airway remodeling and inflammation were then assessed weekly for 3 months. Our results demonstrated a 30% decrease of peripheral ASM remodeling attained with ICS and ICS/LABA pharmacological treatment. A decrease of a similar magnitude of peripheral ASM was previously reported after 6 and 12 months of ICS monotherapy and antigen avoidance, respectively. A synergistic effect of ICS/LABA was observed on ECM deposition and airway lumen neutrophils. ICS/LABA decreased the ECM fraction of the ASM layer both peripherally and centrally, while the same effect on the lamina propria was observed only in central airways. Both ICS/LABA and ICS monotherapy decreased submucosal inflammation in central airways, while only ICS/LABA and antigen avoidance decreased bronchoalveolar neutrophilia. In conclusion, our results suggest that the enhanced therapeutic effect of ICS/LABA over ICS monotherapy in asthmatic horses was associated with a reduction of ECM deposition, mainly observed within the large airways, and possibly also with a decreased airway neutrophilia. However, ICS/LABA did not provide additional benefit to ICS monotherapy in terms of peripheral ASM remodeling as both induce a 30% decrease of the ASM mass in 3 months.
Setlakwe, Emilie L. "Subepithelial collagen content in the peripheral airways of heaves-affected and control horses." Thèse, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/6886.
Full textExtracellular matrix remodelling is present in the human asthmatic lung, and is characterized by increased collagen or fibrosis of the subepithelial area of the airway. Heaves, a naturally occurring chronic lower airway inflammatory condition in horses shares aspects of pathophysiology with asthma, including features of airway remodelling. We thus hypothesize that airway fibrosis is a characteristic of remodelling in heaves. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of fibrosis in the subepithelial area of the peripheral airways of heaves-affected horses. Peripheral lung biopsies acquired under thoracoscopic guidance were obtained from 5 control and 6 heaves-affected horses, both before (T0) and after a 30 day antigenic challenge with mouldy hay and straw. Prior to the study, diseased horses were in clinical remission and exhibited no clinical signs of disease. Obtained samples were microscopically examined using picrosirius-red, a collagen specific histological staining technique. Collagen area in the subepithelial layer, e.g. the region between the airway smooth muscle and the epithelial layer was measured, and corrected for airway size using standard morphometric techniques. In comparison with controls, heaves-affected horses had an increased collagen content in the airway subepithelial area (p<0.1). No change in fibrosis of the subepithelial area was observed in diseased horses after the 30 day antigenic challenge. Peripheral airway subepithelial collagen at baseline was positively associated with maximal changes in transpulmonary pressure and pulmonary resistance in horses with heaves but not in controls. Results of this study indicate that fibrosis of the subepithelial area is present in the peripheral airways of heaves-affected horses, and may play a role in residual lung function deficits observed in diseased horses even while in clinical remission.
Dinh, Laurent. "Reparametrization in deep learning." Thèse, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/21139.
Full text