Journal articles: 'Asthmatic primary school children'

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Elnady, Hala G., Lobna S. Sherif, Rania N. Sabry, Dina Abu Zeid, Hanan Atta, Amal I. Hassanain, Walaa A. Fouad, Thanaa Rabah, and Ayman A. Gobarah. "Relation of Asthma Control with Quality of Life among a Sample of Egyptian Asthmatic School Children." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 7, no. 17 (August 13, 2019): 2780–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2019.649.

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BACKGROUND: Asthma is considered a chronic health illness that not only resulted in physical symptoms but also emotional effects. It is; therefore, so important to assess the quality of life of asthmatic patients besides their level of disease control. AIM: To determine the correlation of asthma control with the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of asthmatic children in Egypt. METHODS: One hundred and twenty-eight asthmatic Egyptian children were enrolled in the study. They were subjected to asthma severity grading, asthma control questionnaire (ACQ) and pediatric asthma quality of life questionnaire (PAQLQ). Studied cases were taken from 6 primary and preparatory schools, Giza governorate. RESULTS: The mean child control score was significantly higher in not well-controlled asthmatics compared to well-controlled asthmatics (p < 0.005). The not well controlled asthmatic children showed significantly lower activity limitation score, symptoms score, and overall asthmatic score compared to controlled asthmatic children (p < 0.05). The severity of asthma shows significant positive correlation with symptoms score, emotional function score and overall asthmatic score (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The quality of life for the asthmatic children is strongly correlated with the level of asthma control and severity.

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Pitstick, Claire. "Asthma knowledge among primary and secondary school teachers in rural northern Costa Rica." UNED Research Journal 7, no. 1 (June 5, 2015): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.22458/urj.v7i1.858.

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Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways. It is very common among children and is a major cause for emergency room visits and missed school days. Costa Rica has one of the highestrates of childhood asthma in the world; so it is important for teachers to know how to prevent and treat asthma attacks in the classroom. Since schools in rural Costa Rica had not yet been studied, teachers were sampled from six schools in Venecia and Aguas Zarcas, San Carlos. During March and April 2014, 185 asthma questionnaires were collected.Among these teachers, 51% were aware of asthmatic students in their classes, and 19% recalled witnessing an asthma attack in the classroom. Interest in asthma training was high among 85% of the teachers,and the preferred format was a lecture or workshop. Greater asthma knowledge was significantly related to living with an asthmatic person (p=0,014), but not with being asthmatic, having asthmatic students,witnessing an asthma attack in the classroom, sex, age, education level, or teaching experience. Greater interest in asthma training was related to awareness of asthmatic students (p=0,031), prior experience with an asthma attack in the classroom (p=0,033), and greater asthma knowledge (p=0,022). Primary school teachers were more likely to be aware of asthmatic students in their classes compared to secondary school teachers (p=0,002)

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SMITS, A. J., E. HAK, W. A. B. STALMAN, G. A. VAN ESSEN, A. W. HOES, and Th J. M. VERHEIJ. "Clinical effectiveness of conventional influenza vaccination in asthmatic children." Epidemiology and Infection 128, no. 2 (April 2002): 205–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268801006574.

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Influenza immunization rates among young asthmatics remain unsatisfactory due to persistent concern about the impact of influenza and the benefits of the vaccine. We assessed the effectiveness of the conventional inactivated trivalent sub-unit influenza vaccine in reducing acute respiratory disease in asthmatic children. We conducted a two-season retrospective cohort study covering the 1995–6 and 1996–7 influenza outbreaks in 22 computerized primary care practices in the Netherlands. In total, 349 patients aged between 0 and 12 years meeting clinical asthma-criteria were included; 14 children were lost to follow-up in the second season. The occurrence of physician-diagnosed acute respiratory disease episodes including influenza-like illness, pneumonia, bronchitis, bronchiolitis, asthma exacerbation and acute otitis media in vaccinated and unvaccinated children were compared after adjustments for age, prior health care and medication use. The occurrence of acute respiratory disease in unvaccinated children was 28% and 24% in the 1995–6 and 1996–7 season, respectively, and was highest in children under 6 years of age (43%). The overall pooled clinical vaccine effectiveness was 27% (95% confidence interval −7 to 51%, P = 0·11) after adjustments. A statistically higher vaccine protectiveness of 55% (95% CI 20–75%, P = 0·01) was observed among asthmatics under 6 years of age compared with −5% in older children (95% CI −81 to 39%). The occurrence of acute respiratory disease among asthmatic children during influenza epidemics is very high, notably in the youngest. Influenza vaccination may reduce morbidity in asthmatic infants and pre-school children. However, larger, preferably experimental, studies are needed to establish the benefits of vaccination, notably in older asthmatic children.

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R. M. Salih, Muhannad, Arwa Y. Abd, and Hayder Adnan Fawzi. "Awareness of asthma and its management in primary school teachers in Baghdad, Iraq." F1000Research 11 (September 26, 2022): 367. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.73495.2.

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Background: Asthma is a major global health issue characterized by chronic airway inflammation. It is linked to a high disease burden and disproportionately high healthcare utilization in severe, uncontrolled cases compared to non-severe asthma. We aimed to conduct this survey among primary school teachers in Baghdad, Iraq, to assess their level of knowledge about asthma and confidence in managing school children with asthma. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in Baghdad. The study adopted a questionnaire for assessing the asthma knowledge and confidence scores regarding the management of asthmatic children. This questionnaire contained 29-multiple true-false questions based on different aspects, including facts about asthma and the management of asthma by teachers. The questionnaire for testing teachers’ knowledge of asthma and confidence scores regarding the management of asthmatic children was distributed to 150 teachers. Results: The questionnaire was completed by 103 teachers.. Approximately 71% of teachers answered the question ‘What are the three main symptoms of asthma?’ correctly i.e., answering either one symptom (35.9%) or two symptoms (35.9%) correctly. A relatively smaller number of teachers (16.5%) mentioned all three symptoms correctly. Across the 29-multiple true-false questions, more than 75% of teachers answered 11 questions correctly, 50-74% of teachers answered the rest of eight questions appropriately, and <50% of teachers answered the remaining 10 questions properly. The statistical evaluation indicated that the mean total knowledge score about asthma for all the teachers was 20.27 ± 2.97 and the mean total confidence score regarding the management of asthmatic children was 72.44 ± 13.61. Conclusions: This study suggests that teachers from the schools in Baghdad appear to be self-confident in their ability and knowledge to help and manage children with asthma.

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R. M. Salih, Muhannad, Arwa Y. Abd, and Hayder Adnan Fawzi. "Awareness of asthma and its management in primary school teachers in Baghdad, Iraq." F1000Research 11 (March 30, 2022): 367. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.73495.1.

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Background: Asthma is a major global health issue characterized by chronic airway inflammation. It is linked to a high disease burden and disproportionately high healthcare utilization in severe, uncontrolled cases compared to non-severe asthma. We aimed to conduct this survey among primary school teachers in Baghdad, Iraq, to assess their level of knowledge about asthma and confidence in managing school children with asthma. Methods: This was a prospective cross-sectional study conducted in the Karkh and Rusafa areas of Baghdad. The study adopted a questionnaire for assessing the asthma knowledge and confidence scores regarding the management of asthmatic children. This questionnaire contained 29-multiple true-false questions based on different aspects, including facts about asthma and the management of asthma by teachers. Results: The questionnaire for testing teachers’ knowledge of asthma and confidence scores regarding the management of asthmatic children was distributed to 150 teachers. 103 (68%) teachers completed the questionnaire fully. Approximately 71% of teachers answered the question ‘What are the three main symptoms of asthma?’ correctly i.e., answering either one symptom (35.9%) or two symptoms (35.9%) correctly. A relatively smaller number of teachers (16.5%) mentioned all three symptoms correctly. Across the 29-multiple true-false questions, more than 75% of teachers answered 11 questions correctly, 50-74% of teachers answered the rest of eight questions appropriately, and <50% of teachers answered the remaining 10 questions properly. The statistical evaluation indicated that the mean total knowledge score about asthma for all the teachers was 20.27 ± 2.97 and the mean total confidence score regarding the management of asthmatic children was 72.44 ± 13.61. Conclusions: This study suggests that teachers from the schools in Karkh and Rusafa areas of Baghdad appear to be self-confident in their ability and knowledge to help and manage children with asthma.

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Kawafha, Mariam M. "Ability of School Teachers to Manage Asthmatic Attacks Among School Going Children in Jordan." Global Journal of Health Science 10, no. 5 (April 4, 2018): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v10n5p55.

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BACKGROUND: Chronic asthma has been characterized by recurrent episodes of wheezing and breathing. However, the frequency and severity of the disease vary from one person to another. PURPOSE: The study aims to assess the ability of school teachers for providing appropriate mediation for the students, who suffer asthmatic attack at school.DESIGN: The study has incorporated descriptive cross sectional quantitative research design to investigate the capability of school teachers in managing asthmatic attack among children. METHODS: Teachers from primary schools have been recruited by using cluster random sample, and a structured questionnaire has been used for data collection. The data acquired from the questionnaire was analyzed using SPSS version 20.0.RESULTS: The results showed that the teachers lack awareness about asthma and unable to manage students with asthma. None of the teachers had received educational conference or workshop about asthma.CONCLUSION: The study has concluded that the level of knowledge of school teachers regarding asthma is limited and not satisfactory; and teachers are also unable to take care for students with asthma.

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Zakaria, Junaidah, Zailina Hashim, Lye Munn Sann, and Saidi Moin. "Impact of Air Pollution on Respiratory Health of Asthmatic Primary School Children." Epidemiology 22 (January 2011): S274—S275. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.ede.0000392541.64870.e4.

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Lipworth, Brian J., Kaninika Basu, Helen P. Donald, Roger Tavendale, Donald F. Macgregor, Simon A. Ogston, Colin N. A. Palmer, and Somnath Mukhopadhyay. "Tailored second-line therapy in asthmatic children with the Arg16 genotype." Clinical Science 124, no. 8 (January 8, 2013): 521–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs20120528.

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The Arg16 β2 receptor genotype confers increased susceptibility to exacerbations in asthmatic children taking regular LABA (long-acting β2 agonists). We therefore evaluated using montelukast as an alternative to salmeterol as tailored second-line asthma controller therapy in children expressing this susceptible genotype. A total of 62 persistent asthmatic children with the homozygous Arg16 genotype were randomized to receive salmeterol (50 μg, b.i.d.) or montelukast (5 or 10 mg, once daily) as an add-on to inhaled fluticasone for 1 year. School absences (the primary outcome) were reduced with montelukast compared with salmeterol {difference in score=−0.40 [95% CI (confidence interval), −0.22 to −0.58]; P=0.005}. Salbutamol use was also reduced with montelukast compared with salmeterol [difference in score=−0.47 (95% CI, −0.16 to −0.79); P<0.0001]. Greater improvements occurred in both symptom and quality of life scores with montelukast against salmeterol, whereas there was no difference in FEV1 (forced expiratory volume in 1 s). In conclusion, montelukast may be suitable as tailored second-line controller therapy instead of salmeterol in asthmatic children expressing the susceptible Arg16 genotype, a move towards a personalized medicine approach to management.

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P. "Asthma Severity and Environmental Health Risk Factor among Asthmatic Primary School Children in the Selected Areas." American Journal of Applied Sciences 9, no. 10 (October 1, 2012): 1553–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3844/ajassp.2012.1553.1560.

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Janks, Michaela, Sara Cooke, Aimee Odedra, Harkeet Kang, Michelle Bellman, and Rachel E. Jordan. "Factors Affecting Acceptance and Intention to Receive Pandemic Influenza A H1N1 Vaccine among Primary School Children: A Cross-Sectional Study in Birmingham, UK." Influenza Research and Treatment 2012 (October 17, 2012): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/182565.

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UK pandemic influenza strategy focused on vaccination of high risk groups, although evidence shows that school-age children have the highest infection rates. Vaccination of children might be an additional strategy. We undertook a cross-sectional study amongst 149 parents of primary school children aged 4–7 years in Birmingham, UK to quantify intention to accept pandemic influenza vaccine and identify factors affecting uptake. Ninety-one (61.1%, 95% CI 52.8, 68.9) had or would accept vaccine for their child. The most common reasons for declining vaccine were concerns about safety (58.6% reported this), side effects (55.2%), or believing their child had already had swine flu (12.1%). Parents of nonwhite ethnicity (OR 2.4 (1.1, 5.0)) and with asthmatic children (OR 6.6 (1.4, 32.1)) were significantly more likely to accept pandemic vaccine, as were those whose children had ever received seasonal vaccine and those who believed swine flu to be a serious threat (OR 4.2 (1.9, 9.1)). Parents would be more likely to accept vaccination if they received a letter of invite, if the government strongly encouraged them, if it were administered at school, and if it were more thoroughly tested. Accurate media portrayal of safety of the vaccine during future pandemics will be essential.

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Nour, Arwa, Ahmad R. Alsayed, and Iman Basheti. "Prevalence of Asthma amongst Schoolchildren in Jordan and Staff Readiness to Help." Healthcare 11, no. 2 (January 6, 2023): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11020183.

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Assessing asthma prevalence and management in schools is crucial. Improving school policies may reduce asthma morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of asthma among schoolchildren in Amman, Jordan. Second, we evaluated Jordanian school staff on asthma first-aid knowledge and competence. This cross-sectional study was conducted over five months in 2019. The researcher visited primary schools (private and public), and the availability of proper first-aid tools and teachers’ knowledge were assessed. The participated schools included ten public schools with 100 participating teachers and ten private schools with 100 participating teachers. Less than 25% of all schools reported having an asthma first-aid kit, and 65% reported having medical reports for chronic diseases, including asthma. The mean number of students in the schools involved in the study was 455.31 ± 212.92, out of whom 10.38 ± 7.26 were asthmatic children. The prevalence of asthma was 2.38% among schoolchildren in Amman, Jordan. Schools were found to have insufficient medical reports for the asthma children, in addition to a lack of first aid kits. The asthma knowledge of teachers in schools was weak. There is a need for educators to develop more awareness. These findings shed light on important concerns that require immediate attention.

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Garina, Lisa Adhia, Faisal Yunus, Ina Susianti Timan, Widhy Yudistira Nalapraya, and Bambang Supriyatno. "The impact of obstructive sleep apnea on quality of life in children with asthma." Paediatrica Indonesiana 62, no. 3 (June 2, 2022): 166–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.14238/pi62.3.2022.166-73.

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Background In children with asthma, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a comorbidity of concern. The presence of OSA has been associated with asthma exacerbations and decreased quality of life. Leukotriene played a role in tonsil hypertrophy which is one of the risk factors for OSA. Objective To evaluate the influence of OSA on quality of life in children with asthma. Methods This cross-sectional study in asthmatic children aged 7?15 years was conducted from August 2020 to June 2021 at government elementary and primary high schools in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia. Asthma was diagnosed by peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) and OSA was diagnosed by polysomnography. Leukotriene was examined by an ELISA method and quality of life assessed by the Pediatric Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (PAQLQ). Results Using the ISAAC questionnaire distributed through teachers to parents, 206 (6.9%) of 2,964 children stated that they had been diagnosed with asthma, 80 of whom were included in our study. Subjects’ mean age was 12 (SD 2) years and most were male. Intermittent asthma and history of allergy was dominant. Thirty-two children had OSA, mostly mild OSA. The mean level of leukotriene was not different between asthmatic children with and without OSA. The percentage of PEFR in asthmatic children with OSA was significantly lower than in those without OSA. The total PAQLQ score in asthmatic children with OSA and all PAQLQ domains were significantly lower than in those without OSA. Conclusion Obstructive sleep apnea in children with asthma is significantly associated with decreased peak expiratory flow rate and lower quality of life.

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ALTENBURGER, KARL M. "More Concerning Asthma and Exercise." Pediatrics 85, no. 3 (March 1, 1990): 385. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.85.3.385.

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To the Editor.— In the position paper on Exercise and the Asthmatic Child,1 the Sections on Allergy and Immunology and Diseases of the Chest fail to focus on the primary obstacle facing these children. In most educational settings, the free and easy access to metered dose inhalers is denied. Most school systems "allow" the used of metered dose inhalers but require students to keep their inhalers in a central administrative office or nurse's station. In practice, this means that students are separated from their peers (and thus made to feel "different") and, if they are lucky, after 10 to 15 minutes (too often longer) they are able to rejoin their classmates whose physical activities are already well underway.

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., Dhirja, Mukesh C. Sharma, Jagdish P. Goyal, and Remiya M. "Knowledge and practices among parents of asthmatic children: a quasi-experimental study conducted at tertiary care center of Western India." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 8, no. 7 (June 25, 2021): 3430. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20212598.

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Background: Asthma is one of the most common chronic respiratory disease of childhood and emerging as a global health issue. It is primary cause of school absences and the third leading cause of hospitalization in children younger than the age of 15 years. Parents as the primary caregiver plays an important in management of the disease. The main objective of this study was to assess the knowledge and practices of parents of asthmatic children and improve it with the help of an informational booklet at AIIMS, Jodhpur.Methods: It was a quasi-experimental, pre-test post-test control group design on 60 parents of children suffering from asthma (30 in control group and 30 in experimental group) coming to paediatric OPD. Non probability purposive sampling was used to select the subjects. Self-structured tools like socio-demographic information, knowledge questionnaire and practices extended questionnaire were used to collect the required data. Reliability and validity of tools were analysed. Data analysis was performed in SPSS version 16.Results: The study findings reveal that most of the subjects had unsatisfactory level of knowledge and practices regarding asthma which significantly improvement in knowledge (t=11.449, p<0.05) and practices (t=-8.079, p<0.05) after application of informational booklet. Knowledge level of subjects were found to have significant association with education, occupation and monthly income of family.Conclusions: Prevention is better than cure. Parents are primary caregiver of children and spend most of the time with them. Their sufficient knowledge regarding asthma and right practices can help in reducing sudden asthma attacks and hospital visit in these children. Informational booklet have a positive impact on improving the knowledge and practices among parents.

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Delyagin, W. V. "Inhalation therapy for bronchial asthma in the conditions of paediatric section." Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council, no. 10 (July 29, 2020): 108–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.21518/2079-701x-2020-10-108-114.

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The prevalence of bronchial asthma among children in different regions of Russia ranges from 10.9–9.6‰ to 50–55‰. The frequency of bronchial asthma among lyceum students is 33.1‰, while in the most overcrowded school it is 45.8‰. Bronchial asthma occurs more frequently in the mild, less frequently in the medium form. Therefore, the main burden on the management of such patients falls on the ambulatory segment. Diagnosed on the basis of respiratory symptoms such as wheezing, difficulty breathing, strain and bloating of the chest, coughing. Asthmatic attack with bronchial asthma of any degree of severity can be as severe or even asthmatic status, which, along with the prevalence of bronchial asthma, determines the primary importance of ambulatory control of the disease. It is fundamental to suppress local bronchial inflammation and remove bronchospasm. Adequacy and systematic treatment is essential for the outcome of bronchial asthma in children. Timely anti-inflammatory treatment can lead to remission. Inhalation techniques of anti-inflammatory drugs and bronchodilators are the most optimal. The possibility of application of beclometasone (inhalation glucocorticosteroid), a combination of fluticasone and salmeterol, ipratropium bromide of Russian manufacture, which efficiency is proved in practical work and economically justified, is considered. IGCS, acting locally, have a pronounced anti-inflammatory activity, suppressing both acute and chronic inflammation. Clinical examples of children with atopic dermatitis and the revealed diagnosis of bronchial asthma, with an optimum choice of treatment are given. It is proved that application of modern inhalation drugs in complex treatment leads to bronchial asthma remission.

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Mentz, Graciela, Thomas G. Robins, Stuart Batterman, and Rajen N. Naidoo. "Effect modifiers of lung function and daily air pollutant variability in a panel of schoolchildren." Thorax 74, no. 11 (September 18, 2019): 1055–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/thoraxjnl-2017-211458.

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BackgroundAcute pollutant-related lung function changes among children varies across pollutants and lag periods. We examined whether short-term air pollutant fluctuations were related to daily lung function among a panel of children and whether these effects are modified by airway hyperresponsiveness, location and asthma severity.MethodsStudents from randomly selected grade 4 classrooms at seven primary schools in Durban, participated, together with asthmatic children from grades 3–6 (n=423). The schools were from high pollutant exposed communities (south) and compared with schools from communities with lower levels of pollution (north), with similar socioeconomic profiles. Interviews, spirometry and methacholine challenge testing were conducted. Bihourly lung function measurements were performed over a 3-week period in four phases. During all schooldays, students blew into their personal digital monitors every 1.5–2 hours. Nitrogen dioxide (NO2), nitrogen oxide (NO), sulphur dioxide and particulate matter (<10 μm diameter) (PM10) were measured at each school. Generalised estimating equations assessed lag effects, using single-pollutant (single or distributed lags) models.ResultsFEV1 declines ranged from 13 to 18 mL per unit increase in IQR for NO and 14–23 mL for NO2. Among the 5-day average models, a 20 mL and 30 mL greater drop in FEV1 per IQR for NO2 and NO, respectively, among those with airway hyperresponsiveness compared with those without. Effects were seen among those with normal airways.ConclusionsThis first panel study in sub-Saharan Africa, showed significant declines in lung function, in response to NO and NO2 with effects modified by airway hyperresponsiveness or persistent asthma.

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Korsten, Koos, Christiana A. Naaktgeboren, Louis J. Bont, Cornelis K. van der Ent, and Marieke L. A. de Hoog. "Defining asthma in children: how well do parents, doctors and spirometry agree?" ERJ Open Research 6, no. 4 (October 2020): 00348–2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/23120541.00348-2019.

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BackgroundBecause diagnosing asthma in school-aged children is challenging, a variety of proxies for asthma are used in clinical practice and research settings as indicators of this disease. We aimed to provide insight into the agreement between various asthma indicators based on parental report, medical diagnosis and spirometry.MethodsChildren from the WHISTLER birth cohort performed spirometry and were followed up with parental ISAAC (International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood) questionnaires about asthma at 5 and 8 years of age. Medical data were extracted from primary care records. We compared 15 asthma indicators based on parental report, medical diagnosis and spirometry using positive agreement, κ statistics and latent class cluster analysis.ResultsAt 5 years of age, 1007 children completed a study visit, while 803 children visited at 8 years of age. Depending on the indicator, the responder and child's age, the asthma prevalence ranged from 0.2% to 26.6%. Cluster analysis revealed classes related to the presence of recent symptoms and a decreased lung function. Agreement between parents and doctors was generally low with κ coefficients ranging from 0.07 (recent wheeze) to 0.52 (recent asthma medication). Additionally, parental report showed to be sensitive to recall bias over time.ConclusionsDependent on the asthma indicator, the responder and the age of the child, substantial differences in agreement were observed between commonly used indicators associated with asthmatic disease in school-aged children. Most agreement between parents and doctors was seen for objective and recent indicators such as the recent use of asthma medication. We advocate caution when literature with different asthma indicators is compared.

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Rylance, Sarah, Beatrice Chinoko, Bright Mnesa, Chris Jewell, Jonathan Grigg, and Kevin Mortimer. "An enhanced care package to improve asthma management in Malawian children: a randomised controlled trial." Thorax 76, no. 5 (January 21, 2021): 434–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/thoraxjnl-2020-216065.

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BackgroundShortages of clinical staff make chronic asthma care challenging in low-income countries. We evaluated an outpatient asthma care package for children, including task-shifting of asthma management roles.MethodsWe conducted a non-blinded individually randomised controlled trial at a tertiary-level government hospital in Blantyre, Malawi. Children aged 6–15 years diagnosed with asthma were recruited from outpatient clinic, stratified by Childhood Asthma Control Test (cACT) score and allocated 1:1 from a concealed file, accessed during electronic questionnaire completion. The intervention, delivered by non-physicians, comprised clinical assessment, optimisation of inhaled treatment, individualised asthma education. The control group received standard care from outpatient physicians. Primary outcome for intention-to-treat analysis was change in cACT score at 3 months. Secondary outcomes included asthma exacerbations requiring emergency healthcare and school absence.FindingsBetween September 2018 and December 2019, 120 children (59 intervention; 61 control) were recruited; 65.8% males, with mean (SD) age 9.8 (2.8) years, mean (SD) baseline cACT 20.3 (2.6). At 3 months, intervention children (n=56) had a greater mean (SD) change in cACT score from baseline (2.7 (2.8) vs 0.6 (2.8)) compared with standard care participants (n=59); a difference of 2.1 points (95% CI: 1.1 to 3.1, p<0.001). Fewer intervention children attended emergency healthcare (7.3% vs 25.4%, p=0.02) and missed school (20.0% vs 62.7%, p<0.001) compared with standard care children.InterpretationThe intervention resulted in decreased asthma symptoms and exacerbations. Wider scale-up could present substantial benefits for asthmatic patients in resource-limited settings.Trial registration numberPACTR201807211617031.

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Krug, Jasmin, Alexander Kiefer, Julia Koelle, Tytti Vuorinen, Paraskevi Xepapadaki, Barbara Stanic, Mircea T. Chiriac, et al. "TLR7/8 regulates type I and type III interferon signalling in rhinovirus 1b-induced allergic asthma." European Respiratory Journal 57, no. 5 (December 10, 2020): 2001562. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.01562-2020.

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IntroductionInterferon (IFN) responses have been reported to be defective in rhinovirus (RV)-induced asthma. The heterodimeric receptor of type I IFN (IFN-α/β) is composed of IFN-αR1 and IFN-αR2. Ligand binding to the IFN-α/β receptor complex activates signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) proteins STAT1 and STAT2 intracellularly. Although type III IFN (IFN-λ) binds to a different receptor containing IFN-λR1 and interleukin-10R2, its triggering leads to activation of the same downstream transcription factors. Here, we analysed the effects of RV on IFN type I and III receptors, and asked about possible Toll-like receptor 7/8 (TLR7/8) agonist R848-mediated IFN-αR1 and IFN-λR1 regulation.MethodsWe measured IFN-α, IFN-β and IFN-λ and their receptor levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) supernatants and cell pellets stimulated with RV1b and R848 in two cohorts of children with and without asthma recruited at pre-school age (PreDicta) and at primary school age (AGENDAS) as well as in cell supernatants from total lung cells isolated from mice.ResultsWe observed that R848 induced IFN-λR mRNA expression in PBMCs of healthy and asthmatic children, but suppressed IFN-αR mRNA levels. In murine lung cells, RV1b alone and together with R848 suppressed IFN-αR protein in T-cells compared with controls and in total lung IFN-λR mRNA compared with RV1b infection alone.ConclusionsIn PBMCs from pre-school age children, IFN-αR mRNA was reduced and IFN-λR1 mRNA was induced upon treatment with the TLR7/8 agonist R848, thus suggesting new avenues for induction of antiviral immune responses in paediatric asthma.

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Lilley, Andrew. "ASSESSING THE BENEFITS THAT COMMUNITY PHARMACIES CAN HAVE ON CHILDHOOD ASTHMA OUTCOMES." Archives of Disease in Childhood 101, no. 9 (August 17, 2016): e2.48-e2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2016-311535.52.

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IntroductionThe local Clinical Commissioning Group has funded an innovative one-year pilot project to assess the value of providing specialist paediatric pharmacist and physiotherapist support direct to families and health care professionals (GP's, community pharmacists, practice nurses etc.) regarding asthma in the primary care setting. Community pharmacies are the one service that asthmatic children come in contact with in order to pick up their medications it was decided to encourage staff to provide interventions at the point of collection.Methods22 large chain, small chain and independent community pharmacy branches were included in the pilot (out of 152 within CCG area) with a total of 31 pharmacists and 67 assistants trained to provide the service. The plan was to provide ‘back to basics’ leaflets on collection of prescription to help improve education on the medications being used; provide inhaler technique counselling on the collection of all prescriptions for children; encourage pharmacist's to perform medicines use reviews and the new medicines service in asthmatic children of high school age (for which they could collect the standard NHS fee). In order to assess the benefits of this, the pharmacist or assistant would first perform the standard asthma control test, marked out of 25 with the parent/patient completing an online version one month later to assess any improvement in symptom management. In order to trace the number of MURs, NMS, inhaler counselling sessions and leaflets given out a tally chart was completed each month by the branches involved.ResultsUnfortunately of the 22 branches that signed up to the pilot only 15 returned tally charts to the team. Over a six month period 23 MUR's, 3 NMS and 32 inhaler technique sessions were performed with 67 leaflets distributed. Of a possible 55 asthma control tests (MURs and inhaler technique counselling sessions) only 23 patients completed the four week post intervention online form. Of those completed the average asthma control test score increased by 7 points (30% increase). In particular feedback from the pharmacists involved was that the inhaler counselling sessions were of particular benefit to parents/patients.Feedback from the pharmacy teams in general was positive with many stating it was good to be more involved in the care of children's conditions; however many stated in order for the service to roll out to a wider audience the scheme would have to provide a financial incentive for the large chains to take part.ConclusionsIt is clear that interventions performed by the community pharmacy teams can help improve symptom control in asthmatic children. In particular ensuring patients are using their medications correctly appears to be key to symptom control. Encouraging pharmacists to provide child friendly MURs should be investigated further to prove the benefit of this service further. It should be noted that ensuring patients are using their medications correctly is already part of the essential service contract for pharmacies.

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Mangini, Lauren D., Mark D. Hayward, Yeyi Zhu, Yongquan Dong, and Michele R. Forman. "Timing of household food insecurity exposures and asthma in a cohort of US school-aged children." BMJ Open 8, no. 11 (November 2018): e021683. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-021683.

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ObjectiveFood insecurity is positively associated with asthma, the most common chronic childhood disease, yet directionality is unclear. The objective was to determine the association between exposure to food insecurity in early childhood and the odds of asthma later in childhood.DesignData from four waves of the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Kindergarten (ECLS-K) cohort, a prospective, dual-frame, multistage probability cluster sampling study of school-aged US children were entered in multivariate logistic regression models, adjusted for covariates. Exposures to food insecurity were based on parental responses to the validated USDA 18-item module at each wave.SettingPublic and private primary and secondary schools between 1998 and 2007.ParticipantsAt its inception (1999), the ECLS-K had 20 578 kindergarteners; by the spring of eighth grade (2007), the cohort dropped to 9725 due to attrition. Children missing an exposure, outcome or confounding variable were excluded, final n=6731.Primary outcome measureChild’s diagnosis of asthma by a healthcare professional as reported by the parent.ResultsHousehold food insecurity (vs food security) in the year before kindergarten and in second grade had a higher odds of asthma by 18% (95% CI 1.17 to 1.20) and 55% (95% CI 1.51 to 1.55). After removing asthmatics before third grade from the model, food insecurity in second grade was associated with higher odds of asthma at fifth or eighth grades (OR 1.55; 95% CI 1.53 to 1.58), whereas food insecurity in the year before kindergarten had a lower odds at fifth or eighth grades.ConclusionsFood insecurity in the year before kindergarten and in second grade were associated with a higher odds of asthma in third grade. Food insecurity in second grade retained the signal for increased odds of asthma after third and through eighth grades. Additional research is needed to explore childhood windows of vulnerability to asthma.

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Rapp, Kristi Isaac, Leonard Jack, Candice Wilson, Sandra Carr Hayes, Robert Post, Ellen McKnight, and Floyd Malveaux. "Improving Asthma-Related Outcomes Among Children Participating in the Head-Off Environmental Asthma in Louisiana (HEAL), Phase II Study." Health Promotion Practice 19, no. 2 (November 22, 2017): 233–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1524839917740126.

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Purpose. Pediatric asthma disproportionately affects low-income and minority children. The HEAL (Head-Off Environmental Asthma in Louisiana), Phase II Project was a collaborative effort with a primary focus to improve pediatric asthma management in New Orleans, Louisiana. The purpose of this article is to report clinical outcomes captured at baseline and 12-month follow-up. Method. HEAL (Head-off Environmental Asthma in Louisiana), Phase II was a pre–post intervention study that enrolled children ages 2 to 18 years of age with a diagnosis of asthma to receive asthma education within the clinic setting. Enrollees received an asthma education intervention, an environmental evaluation, and a 12-month follow-up session. Endpoints included symptom days, level of asthma control, asthma exacerbations, emergency room visits, hospitalizations, and missed school days. Results. The majority of participants were aged 5 years and older, male, Black, and persistent asthmatics. Emergency room visits decreased from 41% to 20% ( p < .001). Improvements in coughing (83% to 62%, p < .001), wheezing (50% to 26%, p < .001), and chest tightness (29% to 18%, p < .001) were also seen. Conclusion. The novel intervention was associated with improved asthma outcomes among pediatric patients receiving care at the clinical sites in the Greater New Orleans area.

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AbdulWahab, Atqah, Aseel Zeidan, Tony Avades, Prem Chandra, and Ashraf Soliman. "Serum Zinc Level in Asthmatic and Non-Asthmatic School Children." Children 5, no. 3 (March 16, 2018): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children5030042.

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Lilley, Andrew, and Leanne Turner. "ASSESSING THE BENEFITS OF HAVING A SPECIALIST PAEDIATRIC PHARMACIST AND PHYSIOTHERAPIST IN THE COMMUNITY TO IMPROVE CHILDHOOD ASTHMA OUTCOMES." Archives of Disease in Childhood 101, no. 9 (August 17, 2016): e2.56-e2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2016-311535.6.

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IntroductionThe local Clinical Commissioning Group has funded an innovative one-year pilot project to assess the value of providing specialist paediatric pharmacist and physiotherapist support direct to families and health care professionals (GP's, community pharmacists, practice nurses etc.) regarding asthma in the primary care setting. Currently no such support is provided within community setting by physiotherapy or pharmacy.MethodsJoint holistic reviews by the clinical specialist physiotherapist and specialist paediatric pharmacist were performed in the patient's home environment or school. The review involved a thorough respiratory review and in-depth medication optimisation review ensuring patients were on appropriate regimes and using devices appropriately. Specifically, if an inhaler was indicated a device that the patient was comfortable using was chosen. Furthermore, parents, patients, teachers and school support workers were counselled on how to self manage asthma exacerbations. In order to review benefits patients answered the five question asthma control test (score out of 25), a standardised quality of life questionnaire (score out of 92) and hospital admissions were monitored.ResultsAt the six-month stage of the project a total of 42 patients had been reviewed and followed up by the project. During the review period there was a total of 1 hospital admission and 1 attendance to the accident and emergency, this is in comparison to the 8 hospital admissions and 47 accident and emergency attendances with this group of patients in the same period the previous year. All patients had an improvement in outcome measures. The average improvement in asthma control test after intervention was 7 points (30%) and a 30% increase in QoL score. We found that symptomatic children had poor FEF25-75 values (<80%) indicating poor lower airways function possibly due to poor drug deposition. After interventions these scores returned to normal limits (>80%). Compliance to medications regimes was noted to be improved after optimisation.ConclusionsIt can be clearly seen that joint multidisciplinary reviews by physiotherapy and pharmacy can help improve the outcomes of asthma patients. The joint review of inhaler technique in particular was key. Pharmacy services will tend to concentrate on the use of the device itself whereas physiotherapy monitor the strength and depth of breathes taken. It is well known that good drug deposition is key to the success of inhaled medications. By combining pharmacy and physiotherapy both the use of the device and breathing patterns were optimised both contributing to better drug deposition and improved FEF 25–75% reading. Optimisation of medication was also vital. By ensuring the patient was happy with the device they were using and that it had little negative impact on their daily routine compliance with medications was increased. At the six month stage of the pilot this aspect has proven vital to outcomes in asthmatic patients.

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Zollner, E. W., C. J. Lombard, U. Galal, F. S. Hough, E. M. Irusen, and E. Weinberg. "Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Suppression in Asthmatic School Children." PEDIATRICS 130, no. 6 (November 12, 2012): e1512-e1519. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.2012-1147.

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Mesters, Ilse, Ree Meertens, and Neeltje Mosterd. "Multidisciplinary co-operation in primary care for asthmatic children." Social Science & Medicine 32, no. 1 (January 1991): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0277-9536(91)90128-y.

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Lin, Shiou-Ian, Tung-Hu Tsai, Yiing-Jenq Chou, and Nicole Huang. "Characteristics Associated with Utilization of Asthma-Related Traditional Chinese Medicine Services among Asthma Children in Taiwan: A Nationwide Cohort Study." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2015 (2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/108961.

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Introduction. Previous studies have demonstrated the advantages of TCM use among asthmatic children. However, there is a paucity of epidemiologic reports on features of TCM users among asthmatic children. This cohort study aimed to investigate child’s, parent’s, and provider’s characteristics associated with the use of asthma-related TCM services among newly diagnosed asthmatic children.Materials and Methods. A nationally representative cohort of one million National Health Insurance beneficiaries was used. The newly diagnosed asthma children who received asthma medication from western medicine providers from 2005 to 2010 were selected as our sample for analysis. Generalized estimating equation was applied to identify the child’s, parents’, and provider’s characteristics associated with the use of asthma-related TCM among the newly diagnosed asthmatic children.Results. Of 20,080 children who were enrolled and followed up for one year, 4,034 children used TCM for asthma-related treatment. Children with prior experience of TCM, pre-school and school aged children, boys, those with more severe asthma or poorer health, with higher income parents were more likely to use asthma-related TCM. Herbal medicine was the most common modality among asthmatic children.Conclusions. There were only 20% newly diagnosed asthmatic children using TCM. The findings may shed light on possible integration of TCM with western medicine services.

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Iikura, Yoji, Toshihiko Obata, Minoru Okuma, Tadashi Uekusa, Akiyoshi Sasamoto, and Masaru Kishida. "CONTROL AND DAILY CARE OF SICK CHILDREN AT SCHOOL: The Management of Asthmatic Children at School." Pediatrics International 27, no. 3 (September 1985): 426–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-200x.1985.tb00663.x.

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Tyler-Hill, Yasmin C., Gretchen B. LeFever, Cynthia S. Kelly, John P. Pestian, Patrick M. Hannon, and Ardythe L. Morrow. "Asthmatic Children Treated in School: A Population-Based Survey† 583." Pediatric Research 41 (April 1997): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1203/00006450-199704001-00603.

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Zincone, Chiara, and Heather Mohay. "Factors Affecting the School Achievements of Asthmatic Children: A Review." Australian Educational and Developmental Psychologist 5, no. 2 (November 1988): 17–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0816512200025906.

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ABSTRACTAsthma is a chronic respiratory disease which is experienced by a large number of Australian school children. Although these children are of comparable intelligence to their non-asthmatic peers, they generally achieve less well at school. In the paper we review the literature on the following factors in an attempt to explain the depressed educational achievements: 1) neurological damage resulting from anoxia during asthma attacks; 2) side effects of medication used to control asthma; 3) frequent absence from school, and 4) attitudes and expectations of teachers, parents and peers. Clearly more research is required to investigate the interaction between these factors.

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PERIN, PATRICK V., STEPHEN J. McGEADY, and HERBERT C. MANSMANN. "Effect of Residential Care for Asthmatic Children on School Attendance." Pediatric Asthma, Allergy & Immunology 6, no. 3 (January 1992): 211–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/pai.1992.6.211.

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Sapien, Robert, L. Fullerton‐Gleason, and N. Allen. "Teaching School Teachers to Recognize Respiratory Distress in Asthmatic Children." Journal of Asthma 41, no. 7 (2004): 739–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/jas-200027983.

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Sapien, Robert E., L. Fullerton-Gleason, and N. Allen. "Teaching School Teachers to Recognize Respiratory Distress in Asthmatic Children." Journal of Asthma 41, no. 7 (January 1, 2004): 739–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/jas-12199900.

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Al-Ayed, Mohammed Saeed, Khaled Sadeq Al-Shaibari, Dhafer Alshehri, Mohammed Jamaan Alzahrani, Iman Nasser, Hamdan Saad Alaamri, Wed Ahmad Alaseeri, et al. "Serum Ghrelin Levels in Saudi Obese Asthmatic School-Children—Correlation with Interleukin-4, Interleukin-5, and Interleukin-21." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 5 (March 4, 2020): 1656. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17051656.

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Ghrelin is a peptide hormone with direct or indirect effects on obesity and asthma. More data are required to understand the effect of ghrelin on the control and pathogenesis of these diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate ghrelin levels in selected groups of children to identify the association between serum ghrelin, obesity, and the severity of asthma. The study included 401 school children selected from the Najran area and grouped into non-obese asthmatics, obese asthmatics, obese non-asthmatics and controls (non-obese non-asthmatics). Blood levels of ghrelin, interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5 and IL-21 were determined by ELISA. The mean ghrelin values were insignificantly increased in obese children compared with non-obese children. The highest blood ghrelin values were in the non-obese asthmatic group. Serum ghrelin, IL-4 and IL-21 levels were significantly increased in asthmatic children compared with non-asthmatic children (p < 0.05), and there were significant positive correlations between ghrelin and IL-4, IL-5, and IL-21 in asthmatic children. Furthermore, ghrelin, IL-4, and IL-21 levels were significantly higher in uncontrolled asthmatics compared with controlled-asthmatic children (p < 0.05). Asthma was the only significant risk factor for high ghrelin values. This study provides evidence supporting the anti-inflammatory role of ghrelin in the pathogenesis of asthma. Asthma might be considered as an important determinant of high ghrelin values in children.

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Pañella, P., M. Casas, D. Donaire-Gonzalez, R. Garcia-Esteban, O. Robinson, A. Valentín, J. Gulliver, et al. "Ultrafine particles and black carbon personal exposures in asthmatic and non-asthmatic children at school age." Indoor Air 27, no. 5 (April 26, 2017): 891–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ina.12382.

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Baan, Esmé J., Hettie M. Janssens, Tine Kerckaert, Patrick J. E. Bindels, Johan C. de Jongste, Miriam C. J. M. Sturkenboom, and Katia M. C. Verhamme. "Antibiotic use in children with asthma: cohort study in UK and Dutch primary care databases." BMJ Open 8, no. 11 (November 2018): e022979. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-022979.

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ObjectivesTo compare the rate, indications and type of antibiotic prescriptions in children with and without asthma.DesignA retrospective cohort study.SettingTwo population-based primary care databases: Integrated Primary Care Information database (IPCI; the Netherlands) and The Health Improvement Network (THIN; the UK).ParticipantsChildren aged 5–18 years were included from January 2000 to December 2014. A child was categorised as having asthma if there were ≥2 prescriptions of respiratory drugs in the year following a code for asthma. Children were labelled as non-asthmatic if no asthma code was recorded in the patient file.Main outcome measuresRate of antibiotic prescriptions, related indications and type of antibiotic drugs.ResultsThe cohorts in IPCI and THIN consisted of 946 143 and 7 241 271 person years (PY), respectively. In both cohorts, antibiotic use was significantly higher in asthmatic children (IPCI: 197vs126 users/1000 PY, THIN: 374vs250 users/1000 PY). In children with asthma, part of antibiotic prescriptions were for an asthma exacerbation only (IPCI: 14%, THIN: 4%) and prescriptions were more often due to lower respiratory tract infections then in non-asthmatic children (IPCI: 18%vs13%, THIN: 21%vs12%). Drug type and quality indicators depended more on age, gender and database than on asthma status.ConclusionsUse of antibiotics was higher in asthmatic children compared with non-asthmatic children. This was mostly due to diseases for which antibiotics are normally not indicated according to guidelines. Further awareness among physicians and patients is needed to minimise antibiotic overuse and limit antibiotic resistance.

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Fowler, Mary Glenn, Marsha G. Davenport, and Rekha Garg. "School Functioning of US Children With Asthma." Pediatrics 90, no. 6 (December 1, 1992): 939–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.90.6.939.

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Data from the 1988 US National Health Interview Survey on Child Health, a nationally representative cross-sectional survey, were used to determine national estimates of school outcomes (grade failure, learning disabilities, and suspension/expulsion) and mean number of absences for children with asthma (CWA) compared to well children without current health conditions. Families indicated that 536 (4.9%) of the 10 362 survey children in grades 1 through 12 had had asthma in the previous 12 months. Families reported 18% of CWA vs 15% of well children had grade failure, 9% of CWA vs 5% of well children had learning disabilities, and 5% of CWA vs 6% of well children had been expelled or suspended. Children with asthma averaged 7.6 school days absent compared with 2.5 days for the well group. Multiple logistic regression was used to compare the odds of grade failure, learning disabilities, and suspension/expulsion among CWA and well children, overall and stratified by income. Similar methods were used to assess the role of health status among asthmatic children. After adjustment for demographic factors, CWA had similar risks of grade failure and suspension/expulsion, but 1.7 times the risk of learning disability compared with well children. Also, among families with incomes below $20 000, CWA had twice the odds of grade failure compared with well children. For asthmatic children, reported health status was an important predictor of learning disability. Ten percent of CWA were reported to be in fair-poor health. After adjustment for demographic factors, those in fair-poor health were twice as likely to have a reported learning disability compared with those in good-excellent health. These national data suggest a modestly increased risk of academic problems among children with asthma compared with well children.

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Rachelefsky, Gary S., Julie Wo, Judith Adelson, M. Ray Mickey, Sheldon L. Spector, Roger M. Katz, Sheldon C. Siegel, and Albert S. Rohr. "Behavior Abnormalities and Poor School Performance Due to Oral Theophylline Use." Pediatrics 78, no. 6 (December 1, 1986): 1133–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.78.6.1133.

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Studies evaluating adverse effects of oral theophylline on learning and behavior have been performed on children with asthma receiving long-term theophylline therapy. To further differentiate the effects of asthma itself from the drugs used, we evaluated 20 asthmatic children (6 to 12 years of age) who had not received oral bronchodilators for at least 6 months. A double blind, placebo-controlled, parallel format was used with a 4-week theophylline or placebo period preceded by a 2-week baseline. Theophylline serum levels were maintained between 10 to 20 µg/mL. During baseline and treatment periods, the child's home and school behavior/performance were monitored independently by their parents and teachers using standardized report forms. A battery of psychologic tests was administered at the end of baseline and treatment periods. Seven children receiving theophylline were noted to have a change in school behavior and/or performance during their 4 weeks on drug compared to baseline, whereas none of the children receiving placebo were noted to be different (P = .004). Thus, the short-term administration of theophylline to asymptomatic asthmatic children not receiving oral bronchodilators can adversely affect school performance and behavior. Because this population represents the majority of asthmatic children, one needs to use theophylline cautiously in this age group, monitor school performance closely, or seek other treatment modalities.

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Abdul Wahab, Atqah, Muna M. Maarafiya, Ashraf Soliman, Noura B. M. Younes, and Prem Chandra. "Serum Leptin and Adiponectin Levels in Obese and Nonobese Asthmatic School Children in relation to Asthma Control." Journal of Allergy 2013 (December 17, 2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/654104.

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There is growing evidence of a positive correlation between asthma and obesity in children and adults. Leptin and adiponectin regulate several metabolic and inflammatory functions. This study aims to evaluate serum leptin and adiponectin concentrations in asthmatic school children to investigate their association with obesity and the degree of asthma control. Obese asthmatic (OA) and nonobese asthmatic (NOA) children, aged 7 to 14, were randomly enrolled in this prospective study. Data on demographic, anthropometric, serum lipids, and spirometric measures and allergy status were collected and analyzed. Serum leptin was significantly higher (25.8±11.1 versus 8.7±11.1; P<0.0001) and adiponectin levels were lower (2.5±1.2 versus 5.4±2.9; P<0.0001) in OA compared to NOA children. The uncontrolled group had higher leptin and lower adiponectin levels compared to well and partially controlled asthma. BMI was positively correlated with leptin (r=0.79; P<0.001) and negatively with adiponectin (r=-0.73; P<0.001). Mean BMI and leptin levels were observed to be higher in girls compared to boys. Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis showed that higher BMI and female gender had significant effect on serum leptin levels. Among asthmatic children higher serum leptin and lower adiponectin levels were significantly associated with obesity and showed no significant association with degree of asthma controls.

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Boechat, José Laerte, Cláudia Azevedo, Olga Magalhães, and Luís Delgado. "COVID-19 “infodemics” and asthmatic children: The return to school challenge." Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice 9, no. 7 (July 2021): 2940. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaip.2021.04.069.

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Merikallio, Virpi Johanna, Kirsi Mustalahti, Sami Tapani Remes, Erkka Juhani Valovirta, and Minna Kaila. "Comparison of quality of life between asthmatic and healthy school children." Pediatric Allergy and Immunology 16, no. 4 (June 7, 2005): 332–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3038.2005.00286.x.

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Noah, T. L., F. W. Henderson, M. M. Henry, D. B. Peden, and R. B. Devlin. "Nasal lavage cytokines in normal, allergic, and asthmatic school-age children." American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 152, no. 4 (October 1995): 1290–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm.152.4.7551384.

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Buchvald, Frederik, Mette N. Hermansen, Kim G. Nielsen, and Hans Bisgaard. "Exhaled Nitric Oxide Predicts Exercise-Induced Bronchoconstriction in Asthmatic School Children." Chest 128, no. 4 (October 2005): 1964–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1378/chest.128.4.1964.

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Ong, Li Hui, Siok Khoon Soh, Shu-Jun Ho, and May Yan Melissa Yeong. "Primary-School Teachers’ Expectations of Handwriting Skills in Primary-School Children." American Journal of Occupational Therapy 73, no. 4_Supplement_1 (August 1, 2019): 7311505212p1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5014/ajot.2019.73s1-po8036.

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Lin, Hsin-Chia, Hao-Pai Lin, Hsin-Hui Yu, Li-Chieh Wang, Jyh-Hong Lee, Yu-Tsan Lin, Yao-Hsu Yang, Pei-Yi Li, Wei-Zen Sun, and Bor-Luen Chiang. "Tai-Chi-Chuan Exercise Improves Pulmonary Function and Decreases Exhaled Nitric Oxide Level in Both Asthmatic and Nonasthmatic Children and Improves Quality of Life in Children with Asthma." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2017 (2017): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/6287642.

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Tai-Chi-Chuan (TCC) is an exercise of low-to-moderate intensity which is suitable for asthmatic patients. The aim of our study is to investigate improvements of the lung function, airway inflammation, and quality of life of asthmatic children after TCC. Participants included sixty-one elementary school students and they were divided into asthmatic (n=29) and nonasthmatic (n=32) groups by the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) questionnaire. Among them, 20 asthmatic and 18 nonasthmatic children volunteered to participate in a 60-minute TCC exercise weekly for 12 weeks. Baseline and postintervention assessments included forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) level, and Standardised Pediatric Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (PAQLQ(S)). After intervention, the level of FeNO decreased significantly; PEFR and the FEV1/FVC also improved significantly in both asthmatic group and nonasthmatic group after TCC. The asthmatic children also had improved quality of life after TCC. The results indicated that TCC could improve the pulmonary function and decrease airway inflammation in both children with mild asthma and those without asthma. It also improves quality of life in mild asthmatic children. Nevertheless, further studies are required to determine the effect of TCC on children with moderate-to-severe asthma.

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Routon, J. Randy, and Claudine Sherrill. "Attitude toward Physical Education and Self-Concepts of Asthmatic and Nonasthmatic Children Taught by Physical Education Specialists." Perceptual and Motor Skills 68, no. 3_suppl (June 1989): 1320–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1989.68.3c.1320.

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50 asthmatic and 741 nonasthmatic children in Grades 4 to 6 were compared on attitudes toward physical education and self-concept. Data were collected using the Children's Attitude Inventory Toward Physical Education, a paired-comparison inventory for indicating preferences among 10 school subjects, and the Children's Self-concept Scale. Analysis of variance and χ2 indicated no significant differences between asthmatic and nonasthmatic children on the three measures.

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Cvietusa, Peter. "REDUCTION OF MORBIDITY IN ASTHMATIC CHILDREN GIVEN A SPACER DEVICE." Pediatrics 96, no. 2 (August 1, 1995): 395. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.96.2.395a.

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Introducing a spacer device to patients in a busy, inner-city pediatric emergency department is an effective and efficient intervention that improves the function of asthmatic children by shortening the time to resolution of cough and wheeze, and by reducing school absenteeism.

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WEINBERGER, MILES, SCOTT LINDGREN, and JESSE JOAD. "School Performance and Theophylline." Pediatrics 80, no. 1 (July 1, 1987): 124–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.80.1.124.

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To the Editor.— Dr Rachelefsky and his colleagues reported, first in USA Today (Dec 2, 1986, p 1) and later in Pediatrics (1986;78:1133-1138) that theophylline adversely affected school performance. Specifically, they stated, "Teachers said kids couldn't sit still, they weren't remembering as well, they were acting up, and their handwriting had changed" (USA Today). They concluded that "the short-term administration of theophylline to asymptomatic asthmatic children not receiving oral bronchodilators can adversely affect school performance and behavior" (Pediatrics).

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Tomilova, Svetlana Dmitrievna. "READING PRIORITIES OF PRIMARY SCHOOL CHILDREN." Pedagogical Education in Russia, no. 2 (2020): 127–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.26170/po20-02-15.

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Ahmed Elsayed, Sabah Mohamed, Nadia Hamed Frahat, and Wafaa Khalil Ibrahim. "Physical Abuse among Primary School Children." Egyptian Journal of Health Care 11, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 191–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/ejhc.2020.74779.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Asthmatic primary school children'

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