Journal articles on the topic 'Asthma Treatment Australia'
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1
Paterson, NA, JK Peat, CM Mellis, W. Xuan, and AJ Woolcock. "Accuracy of asthma treatment in schoolchildren in NSW, Australia." European Respiratory Journal 10, no. 3 (March 1, 1997): 658–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/09031936.97.10030658.
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Insufficient use of anti-inflammatory drugs, such as inhaled corticosteroids and cromoglycate, may contribute to the disease burden associated with asthma. Conversely, aggressive treatment of mild disease may result in avoidable costs and/or adverse drug effects. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between asthma severity and inhaled corticosteroid/cromoglycate use in a large (n=4,909) random sample of children, aged 8-11 yrs, in NSW, Australia. Asthma and its treatment were assessed by questionnaire responses. Asthma, defined as diagnosis plus current wheeze, was present in 901 children (18% of the sample), of whom 225 (5%) had moderate asthma, defined as asthma plus additional symptoms (sleep disturbance), utilization (hospital, casualty), or disability (reduced activity, school absence). Use of inhaled corticosteroid/cromoglycate was reported by 636 children (13% of the sample). Determinants of use included: asthma diagnosis, current wheeze, and troublesome dry nocturnal cough. There was also a strong relationship between anti-inflammatory treatment and a multicomponent asthma severity score constructed for each child. Inhaled corticosteroids and/or cromoglycate were used by 56% of the children with asthma (24% daily) and by 76% of children with moderate asthma (42% daily). Undertreatment, defined as less than daily inhaled corticosteroids/cromoglycate in moderate asthma, was identified in 130 children (14% of those with asthma or 3% of the sample). Conversely, apparently aggressive treatment, defined as inhaled corticosteroid/cromoglycate use in children with persistent minimal symptoms (asthma severity score of less than 3) was identified in 101 children (2% of the sample). Although there were significant differences between regions in the choice of anti-inflammatory drugs and in the prevalence both of undertreatment and apparently aggressive treatment, there was no clear relationship to regional utilization of emergency and hospital services for asthma. Nevertheless, the frequency of undertreatment suggests an opportunity to reduce asthma morbidity by more consistent application of current therapeutic guidelines.
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Beyene, Tesfalidet, Erin S. Harvey, Joseph Van Buskirk, Vanessa M. McDonald, Megan E. Jensen, Jay C. Horvat, Geoffrey G. Morgan, et al. "‘Breathing Fire’: Impact of Prolonged Bushfire Smoke Exposure in People with Severe Asthma." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 12 (June 16, 2022): 7419. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19127419.
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Wildfires are increasing and cause health effects. The immediate and ongoing health impacts of prolonged wildfire smoke exposure in severe asthma are unknown. This longitudinal study examined the experiences and health impacts of prolonged wildfire (bushfire) smoke exposure in adults with severe asthma during the 2019/2020 Australian bushfire period. Participants from Eastern/Southern Australia who had previously enrolled in an asthma registry completed a questionnaire survey regarding symptoms, asthma attacks, quality of life and smoke exposure mitigation during the bushfires and in the months following exposure. Daily individualized exposure to bushfire particulate matter (PM2.5) was estimated by geolocation and validated modelling. Respondents (n = 240) had a median age of 63 years, 60% were female and 92% had severe asthma. They experienced prolonged intense PM2.5 exposure (mean PM2.5 32.5 μg/m3 on 55 bushfire days). Most (83%) of the participants experienced symptoms during the bushfire period, including: breathlessness (57%); wheeze/whistling chest (53%); and cough (50%). A total of 44% required oral corticosteroid treatment for an asthma attack and 65% reported reduced capacity to participate in usual activities. About half of the participants received information/advice regarding asthma management (45%) and smoke exposure minimization strategies (52%). Most of the participants stayed indoors (88%) and kept the windows/doors shut when inside (93%), but this did not clearly mitigate the symptoms. Following the bushfire period, 65% of the participants reported persistent asthma symptoms. Monoclonal antibody use for asthma was associated with a reduced risk of persistent symptoms. Intense and prolonged PM2.5 exposure during the 2019/2020 bushfires was associated with acute and persistent symptoms among people with severe asthma. There are opportunities to improve the exposure mitigation strategies and communicate these to people with severe asthma.
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Sharrad, Kelsey, Zoe Kopsaftis, Andrew Tai, Nicola Spurrier, Ross Smith, Adrian Esterman, Ian Gwilt, Helen Stallman, and Kristin Carson-Chahhoud. "Mixed Reality Technology as a Delivery Mechanism for Psychological Intervention in Adolescents With Asthma: A Qualitative Protocol." International Journal of Qualitative Methods 20 (January 1, 2021): 160940692110083. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/16094069211008333.
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Australia has one of the highest asthma prevalence rates in the world, with this chronic and debilitating condition affecting one in nine people. The health and mental wellbeing of young people with asthma are worse than not only their peers without asthma but also worse than that of people with asthma at other ages. Psychological interventions could be beneficial in treating symptoms of elevated psychological distress in patients with asthma. However, evidence suggests that engagement with mental health services is low in this population. Technology-based solutions that engage youth may overcome barriers to service uptake for both mental health and asthma management. To fast-track the successful translation of evidence-based treatment into practice, interactive, mixed-reality technologies such as augmented reality (AR), virtual reality (VR) and holographic technology may provide a novel, low-cost solution, yet to date, methodological rigor in the evaluation of mixed reality for this purpose is lacking. To evaluate the perceived usability and acceptability of these technologies, mixed reality tools will be developed by the author team to deliver a component of a psychological intervention for treatment of elevated psychological distress among young people with asthma. Qualitative research will be conducted through one-on-one interviews with young people with asthma, parents/caregivers of young people with asthma, and with health professionals, during which participants will have time to interact with the resources. Moderator guides will be used to direct interviews, and will be supplemented with a questionnaire, including Likert-type measures of usability and acceptability to facilitate triangulation of data. Understanding and data obtained through this study will be used to develop version 2.0 mixed reality tools, which will be tested for feasibility in a RCT. Improving access to and uptake of evidence-based treatments for elevated psychological distress in young people with asthma may reduce the burden of this highly prevalent disease.
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Semprini, Ruth, Nick Shortt, Stefan Ebmeier, Alex Semprini, Rachel Varughese, Cecile T. J. Holweg, John G. Matthews, et al. "Change in biomarkers of type-2 inflammation following severe exacerbations of asthma." Thorax 74, no. 1 (July 18, 2018): 95–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/thoraxjnl-2018-211657.
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We investigated the time course of change of type-2 asthma biomarkers after a severe asthma exacerbation. Blood eosinophils were lowest immediately after treatment was initiated (0.07 vs 0.33×109/L, p<0.001) while serum IgE levels were at their highest (339 vs 249 U/L, p<0.001). Fractional exhaled Nitric Oxide levels were lowest 2 weeks after treatment (23 vs 33 ppb, p=0.06) and serum periostin levels were lowest 1 week after treatment (45·9 vs 50·9 ng/mL, p<0.001). A delay of 4–8 weeks following a severe exacerbation is required if these biomarkers are used to guide the ongoing management of patients with asthma.Trial registration numberPost-results; The Australia New Zealand Trial Registry, >ACTRN12614000443695.
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Harris, Mark F., Jane Lloyd, Yordanka Krastev, Mahnaz Fanaian, Gawaine Powell Davies, Nick Zwar, and Siaw-Teng Liaw. "Routine use of clinical management guidelines in Australian general practice." Australian Journal of Primary Health 20, no. 1 (2014): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py12078.
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Significant gaps remain between recommendations of evidence-based guidelines and primary health care practice in Australia. This paper aims to evaluate factors associated with the use of guidelines reported by Australian GPs. Secondary analysis was performed on a survey of primary care practitioners which was conducted by the Commonwealth Fund in 2009: 1016 general practitioners responded in Australia (response rate 52%). Two-thirds of Australian GPs reported that they routinely used evidence-based treatment guidelines for the management of four conditions: diabetes, depression, asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and hypertension – a higher proportion than in most other countries. Having non-medical staff educating patients about self-management, and a system of GP reminders to provide patients with test results or guideline-based intervention or screening tests, were associated with a higher probability of guidelines use. Older GP age was associated with lower probability of guideline usage. The negative association with age of the doctor may reflect a tendency to rely on experience rather than evidence-based guidelines. The association with greater use of reminders and self-management is consistent with the chronic illness model.
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Jarvis, Debbie, Roger Newson, Christer Janson, Angelo Corsico, Joachim Heinrich, Josep M. Anto, Michael J. Abramson, et al. "Prevalence of asthma-like symptoms with ageing." Thorax 73, no. 1 (October 3, 2017): 37–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/thoraxjnl-2016-209596.
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BackgroundChange in the prevalence of asthma-like symptoms in populations of ageing adults is likely to be influenced by smoking, asthma treatment and atopy.MethodsThe European Community Respiratory Health Survey collected information on prevalent asthma-like symptoms from representative samples of adults aged 20–44 years (29 centres in 13 European countries and Australia) at baseline and 10 and 20 years later (n=7844). Net changes in symptom prevalence were determined using generalised estimating equations (accounting for non-response through inverse probability weighting), followed by meta-analysis of centre level estimates.FindingsOver 20 years the prevalence of ‘wheeze’ and ‘wheeze in the absence of a cold’ decreased (−2.4%, 95% CI −3.5 to −1.3%; −1.5%, 95% CI −2.4 to −0.6%, respectively) but the prevalence of asthma attacks, use of asthma medication and hay fever/nasal allergies increased (0.6%, 95% CI 0.1 to 1.11; 3.6%, 95% CI 3.0 to 4.2; 2.7%, 95% CI 1.7 to 3.7). Changes were similar in the first 10 years compared with the second 10 years, except for hay fever/nasal allergies (increase seen in the first 10 years only). Decreases in these wheeze-related symptoms were largely seen in the group who gave up smoking, and were seen in those who reported hay fever/nasal allergies at baseline.InterpretationEuropean adults born between 1946 and 1970 have, over the last 20 years, experienced less wheeze, although they were more likely to report asthma attacks, use of asthma medication and hay fever. Decrease in wheeze is largely attributable to smoking cessation, rather than improved treatment of asthma. It may also be influenced by reductions in atopy with ageing.
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Yusuf, Rasaq A., Phoka C. Rathebe, and Wells Utembe. "Study Protocol to Determine Association between Environmental Triggers and Asthma among Children in King Williams Town." Methods and Protocols 4, no. 3 (September 10, 2021): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mps4030064.
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Asthma affects over 330 million people worldwide, with relatively higher disease burdens in Australia, New Zealand, Africa, the Middle East, and South America. The symptoms associated with asthma were reported to be prevalent in children from the period of 1993 to 2013, in many low- and middle-income countries, due to changes in environmental conditions, such as domestic lifestyle, and urban and industrial developments. (1) Background: Several studies have also shown that children are prone to a severe type of asthma, because of their narrow respiratory airways and susceptibility to irritation from environmental agents. This study aimed to assess the association between environmental exposure and asthma among children in King Williams Town, South Africa. (2) Methodology: This study adopted a cross-sectional design method, with an estimated sample size of 262 participants. The eligible study participants were enrolled while attending Grey hospital in King Williams Town, for asthma management. Information will be collected from eligible, stable participants, on asthma treatment, through in-person interviewing in 2021. A semi-structured questionnaire will be administered to the participants. However, as a result of the prevailing COVID-19 pandemic, data may be abstracted from the asthma medical record of the eligible participants. Multivariate regression will be utilized, to describe the correlation between the variables, and the odds ratio will be calculated as well. (3) Discussion and conclusion: The study will objectively identify the local environmental agents that are associated with asthma among children in King Williams Town, in order to reprioritize treatment and preventative strategies. Ethical approval was obtained from the Research Ethics Committee, Faculty of Health Sciences at the University of Johannesburg.
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Tudball, Jacqueline, Helen K. Reddel, Tracey-Lea Laba, Stephen Jan, Anthony Flynn, Michele Goldman, Kirsty Lembke, Elizabeth Roughead, Guy B. Marks, and Nick Zwar. "General practitioners' views on the influence of cost on the prescribing of asthma preventer medicines: a qualitative study." Australian Health Review 43, no. 3 (2019): 246. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah17030.
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Objective Out-of-pocket costs strongly affect patient adherence with medicines. For asthma, guidelines recommend that most patients should be prescribed regular low-dose inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) alone, but in Australia most are prescribed combination ICS–long-acting β2-agonists (LABA), which cost more to patients and government. The present qualitative study among general practitioners (GPs) explored the acceptability, and likely effect on prescribing, of lower patient copayments for ICS alone. Methods Semistructured telephone interviews were conducted with 15 GPs from the greater Sydney area; the interviews were transcribed and thematically analysed. Results GPs reported that their main criteria for selecting medicines were appropriateness and effectiveness. They did not usually discuss costs with patients, had low awareness of out-of-pocket costs and considered that these were seldom prohibitive for asthma patients. GPs strongly believed that patient care should not be compromised to reduce cost to government. They favoured ICS–LABA combinations over ICS alone because they perceived that ICS–LABA combinations enhanced adherence and reduced costs for patients. GPs did not consider that lower patient copayments for ICS alone would affect their prescribing. Conclusion The results suggest that financial incentives, such as lower patient copayments, would be unlikely to encourage GPs to preferentially prescribe ICS alone, unless accompanied by other strategies, including evidence for clinical effectiveness. GPs should be encouraged to discuss cost barriers to treatment with patients when considering treatment choices. What is known about the topic? Australian guidelines recommend that most patients with asthma should be treated with low-dose ICS alone to minimise symptom burden and risk of flare ups. However, most patients in Australian general practice are instead prescribed combination ICS–LABA preventers, which are indicated if asthma remains uncontrolled despite treatment with ICS alone. It is not known whether GPs are aware that the combination preventers have a higher patient copayment and a higher cost to government. What does this paper add? This qualitative study found that GPs favoured combination ICS–LABA inhalers over ICS alone because they perceived ICS–LABA combinations to have greater effectiveness and promote patient adherence. This aligned with GPs’ views that their primary responsibility was patient care rather than generating cost savings for government. However, it emerged that GPs rarely discussed medicine costs with patients, had low knowledge of medicine costs to patients and the health system and reported that patients rarely volunteered cost concerns. GPs believed that lower patient copayments for asthma preventer medicines would have little effect on their prescribing practices. What are the implications for practitioners? This study suggests that, when considering asthma treatment choices, GPs should empathically explore with the patient whether cost-related medication underuse is an issue, and should be aware of the option of lower out-of-pocket costs with guideline-recommended ICS alone treatment. Policy makers must be aware that differential patient copayments for ICS preventer medicines are unlikely to act as an incentive for GPs to preferentially prescribe ICS alone preventers, unless the position of these preventers in guidelines and evidence for their clinical effectiveness are also reiterated.
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Callander, Emily J., Lisa Corscadden, and Jean-Frederic Levesque. "Out-of-pocket healthcare expenditure and chronic disease – do Australians forgo care because of the cost?" Australian Journal of Primary Health 23, no. 1 (2017): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py16005.
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Although we do know that out-of-pocket healthcare expenditure is relatively high in Australia, little is known about what health conditions are associated with the highest out-of-pocket expenditure, and whether the cost of healthcare acts as a barrier to care for people with different chronic conditions. Cross-sectional analysis using linear and logistic regression models applied to the Commonwealth Fund international health policy survey of adults aged 18 years and over was conducted in 2013. Adults with asthma, emphysema and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) had 109% higher household out-of-pocket healthcare expenditure than did those with no health condition (95% CI: 50–193%); and adults with depression, anxiety and other mental health conditions had 95% higher household out-of-pocket expenditure (95% CI: 33–187%). People with a chronic condition were also more likely to forego care because of cost. People with depression, anxiety and other mental health conditions had 7.65 times higher odds of skipping healthcare (95% CI: 4.13–14.20), and people with asthma, emphysema and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease had 6.16 times higher odds of skipping healthcare (95% CI: 3.30–11.50) than did people with no health condition. People with chronic health conditions in Canada, the United Kingdom, Germany, France, Norway, Sweden and Switzerland were all significantly less likely to skip healthcare because of cost than were people with a condition in Australia. The out-of-pocket cost of healthcare in Australia acts as a barrier to accessing treatment for people with chronic health conditions, with people with mental health conditions being likely to skip care. Attention should be given to the accessibility and affordability of mental health services in Australia.
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C K, Amritha, Suma C, Ananya V M, Thushara P V, and Deepak V S. "PHYTOCHEMICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF JUSTICIA PROCUMBENS L.: A REVIEW." International Journal of Research in Ayurveda and Pharmacy 11, no. 5 (October 30, 2020): 190–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.7897/2277-4343.1105167.
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Justicia procumbens L. is usually known as water willow which belongs to family Acanthaceae growing widely in southern regions of China, Japan, Vietnam, India and Australia. It is one of the important herbal being used in Ayurvedic system of medicine. The plant contains various active compounds like arylnaphthalide and diarylbutane lignans, glycosides, flavonoids. Few pharmacological properties including anti-inflammatory, anti-arthritic, anti-arrhythmic, anti-asthmatic, anti-proliferative, anti-allergic, antibacterial, cytotoxic and anti-HIV activities activity have been reported for this plant. Conventionally, it is used for the treatment of fever, inflammation, cold, cough, asthma, cancer, snake bites etc. The current review is created with an intended to focus on the numerous ethnobotanical and traditional uses as well as the phytochemical and pharmacological report on Justicia procumbens.
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Van Ly, David, Nicholas J. C. King, Lyn M. Moir, Janette K. Burgess, Judith L. Black, and Brian G. Oliver. "Effects of β2 Agonists, Corticosteroids, and Novel Therapies on Rhinovirus-Induced Cytokine Release and Rhinovirus Replication in Primary Airway Fibroblasts." Journal of Allergy 2011 (October 24, 2011): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/457169.
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Rhinovirus-(RV-) induced asthma exacerbations account for high asthma-related health costs and morbidity in Australia. The cellular mechanism underlying this pathology is likely the result of RV-induced nuclear-factor-kappa-B-(NF-κB-) dependent inflammation. NF-κB may also be important in RV replication as inhibition of NF-κB inhibits replication of other viruses such as human immunodeficiency virus and cytomegalovirus. To establish the role of NF-κB inhibitors in RV-induced IL- 6 and IL-8 and RV replication, we used pharmacological inhibitors of NF-κB, and steroids and/or β2 agonists were used for comparison. Primary human lung fibroblasts were infected with RV-16 in the presence of NF-κB inhibitors: BAY-117085 and dimethyl fumarate; β2 agonist: salmeterol; and/or corticosteroids: dexamethasone; fluticasone. RV-induced IL-6 and IL-8 and RV replication were assessed using ELISAs and virus titration assays. RV replicated and increased IL-6 and IL-8 release. Salmeterol increased, while dexamethasone and fluticasone decreased RV-induced IL-6 and IL-8 (P<0.05). The NF-κB inhibitor BAY-117085 inhibited only RV-induced IL-6 (P<0.05) and dimethyl fumarate did not alter RV-induced IL-6 and IL-8. Dimethylfumarate increased RV replication whilst other drugs did not alter RV replication. These data suggest that inhibition of NF-κB alone is unlikely to be an effective treatment compared to current asthma therapeutics.
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Akhtar, Most A., Ritesh Raju, Karren D. Beattie, Frances Bodkin, and Gerald Münch. "Medicinal Plants of the Australian Aboriginal Dharawal People Exhibiting Anti-Inflammatory Activity." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2016 (2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/2935403.
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Chronic inflammation contributes to multiple ageing-related musculoskeletal and neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, and inflammatory bowel disease. More recently, chronic neuroinflammation has been attributed to Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s disease and autism-spectrum and obsessive-compulsive disorders. To date, pharmacotherapy of inflammatory conditions is based mainly on nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs which in contrast to cytokine-suppressive anti-inflammatory drugs do not influence the production of cytokines such as tumour necrosis factor-α or nitric oxide. However, their prolonged use can cause gastrointestinal toxicity and promote adverse events such as high blood pressure, congestive heart failure, and thrombosis. Hence, there is a critical need to develop novel and safer nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs possessing alternate mechanism of action. In this study, plants used by the Dharawal Aboriginal people in Australia for the treatment of inflammatory conditions, for example, asthma, arthritis, rheumatism, fever, oedema, eye inflammation, and inflammation of bladder and related inflammatory diseases, were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory activity in vitro. Ethanolic extracts from 17 Eucalyptus spp. (Myrtaceae) were assessed for their capacity to inhibit nitric oxide and tumor necrosis factor-α production in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Eucalyptus benthamii showed the most potent nitric oxide inhibitory effect (IC50 5.57±1.4 µg/mL), whilst E. bosistoana, E. botryoides, E. saligna, E. smithii, E. umbra, and E. viminalis exhibited nitric oxide inhibition values between 7.58 and 19.77 µg/mL.
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Tilden, D., S. Cottrell, L. Tocchini, C. Frenzel, and M. A. Bonney. "PRS30 Identifying the Patient Population Where Treatment of Severe Allergic Asthma with Omalizumab (XOLAIR®) Exhibits Optimal Cost-Effectiveness in Australia." Value in Health 14, no. 7 (November 2011): A492—A493. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jval.2011.08.1417.
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Prabowo, Doni MS, and Haris B. Widodo. "Nicotine stomatitis in smokers: a case report." Journal of Dentomaxillofacial Science 3, no. 1 (April 1, 2018): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.15562/jdmfs.v3i1.708.
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Objective: The aim of this study is to describe and analyse nicotine stomatitis in smokers. Of the world population that consumes tobacco, Asia and Australia make up 57% of tobacco consumers. Tobacco can be consumed by various ways such as smoked tobacco, commonly known as cigarettes, or smokeless tobacco. Cigarettes are known to cause nicotine stomatitis in the oral cavity.Methods: A 28-year-old man patient came with complaints of white spots on his hard palate. The patient has a medical history of asthma as a child and has been taking salbutamol. The patient has been smoking 3 packs of cigarettes a day since being 16 years old.Results: Nicotine stomatitis that occurs on the hard palate appears as circular reddish shapes on the orifice of minor salivary glands. These lesions are formed from physically irritation caused by smoking. The lesions were benign and reversible.Conclusion: Thought appropriate examination and treatment, these lesions were healed.
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Mitchell, Rebecca, Cate M. Cameron, Reidar P. Lystad, Olav Nielssen, Anne McMaugh, Geoffrey Herkes, Carolyn Schniering, and Tien-Ming Hng. "Impact of chronic health conditions and injury on school performance and health outcomes in New South Wales, Australia: a retrospective record linkage study protocol." BMJ Paediatrics Open 3, no. 1 (September 2019): e000530. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjpo-2019-000530.
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IntroductionChildren who have sustained a serious injury or who have a chronic health condition, such as diabetes or epilepsy, may have their school performance adversely impacted by the condition, treatment of the condition and/or time away from school. Examining the potential adverse impact requires the identification of children most likely to be affected and the use of objective measures of education performance. This may highlight educational disparities that could be addressed with learning support. This study aims to examine education performance, school completion and health outcomes of children in New South Wales (NSW), Australia, who were hospitalised with an injury or a chronic health condition compared with children who have not been hospitalised for these conditions.Method and analysisThis research will be a retrospective population-level case-comparison study of hospitalised injured or chronically ill children (ie, diabetes, epilepsy, asthma or mental health conditions) aged ≤18 years in NSW, Australia, using linked health and education administrative data collections. It will examine the education performance, school completion and health outcomes of children who have been hospitalised in NSW with an injury or a chronic health condition compared with children randomly drawn from the NSW population (matched on gender, age and residential postcode) who have not been hospitalised for these conditions.Ethics and disseminationThe study received ethics approval from the NSW Population Health Services Research Ethics Committee (2018HRE0904). Findings from the research will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at scientific conferences.
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Tettey, Prudence, Dylan Siejka, Steve Simpson Jr, Bruce Taylor, Leigh Blizzard, Anne-Louise Ponsonby, Terence Dwyer, and Ingrid van der Mei. "Frequency of Comorbidities and Their Association with Clinical Disability and Relapse in Multiple Sclerosis." Neuroepidemiology 46, no. 2 (2016): 106–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000442203.
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Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) patients may be at an increased risk of comorbidities due to the debilitating and chronic nature of the disease. An increased understanding of comorbidities and disease course in MS may provide new insights and enhance MS management. We aimed at investigating the frequency of comorbidities and their associations with clinical disability and relapse in MS. Methods: A prospective cohort of 198 MS patients was followed during 2002-2005 and queried about specific doctor-diagnosed comorbidities. In Australia, the MS cohort was compared to the 2007 general population with regard to the prevalence of comorbidities. Multilevel mixed-effects linear regression was used to assess the difference in subsequent disability between those who reported comorbidities and those who did not. The association of comorbidities with the hazard of relapse was assessed using survival analysis. Results: The age-standardised prevalence of hypertension, dyslipidaemia, asthma, psoriasis, eczema and anaemia was significantly higher in the MS cohort compared to that in the general Australian population. The level of disability (Multiple Sclerosis Severity Score) in those who reported overweight/obesity (β: 0.76 (95% CI 0.04-1.48), p = 0.037), or dyslipidaemia (β: 1.05 (95% CI 0.07-2.02), p = 0.036) was significantly higher compared to those who did not report these comorbidities, even after adjustment for potential confounders. There were no significant associations between comorbidities and change in disability. For relapse analyses, rheumatoid arthritis and anaemia were associated with more than threefold (hazard ratio, HR 3.70 (95% CI 1.80-7.58), p < 0.001) and twofold (HR 2.04 (95% CI 1.11-3.74), p = 0.022) increased risk of subsequent relapse respectively. Conclusions: The prevalence of some comorbidities was higher in MS patients and associated with greater disability and relapse risk. Treatment of these comorbidities in patients with MS has the potential to improve disease course and help in the understanding of the prognosis and outcomes of MS.
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White, Katherine, and Wiebke Arlt. "Adrenal crisis in treated Addison's disease: a predictable but under-managed event." European Journal of Endocrinology 162, no. 1 (January 2010): 115–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eje-09-0559.
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ContextAdrenal crisis is a life-threatening event that occurs regularly in Addison's patients receiving standard replacement therapy. Patient reports suggest that it is an underestimated and under-managed event.ObjectiveTo assess the frequency of adrenal crisis in diagnosed patients and to understand the factors contributing to the risks of adrenal crisis.DesignWe conducted a postal survey of Addison's patients in four countries, UK (n=485), Canada (n=148), Australia (n=123) and New Zealand (n=85) in 2003, asking about patients' experiences of adrenal crisis and their demographic characteristics. In 2006, a shorter follow-up survey was conducted in the UK (n=261).MethodThe frequency and causes of adrenal crisis were compared across both surveys. Demographic data from the 2003 survey were analysed to establish the main variables associated with an elevated risk of crisis.ResultsAround 8% of diagnosed cases can be expected to need hospital treatment for adrenal crisis annually. Exposure to gastric infection is the single most important factor predicting the likelihood of adrenal crisis. Concomitant diabetes and/or asthma increase the frequency of adrenal crises reported by patients.ConclusionThe endocrinologist has a responsibility to ensure that Addison's patients have adequate access to life-saving emergency injection materials and repeated, practical training sessions in how to use them, while the general practitioner plays a vital role as in arranging prompt emergency admissions.
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Foo, Damien, Mohinder Sarna, Gavin Pereira, Hannah C. Moore, and Annette K. Regan. "Prenatal influenza vaccination and allergic and autoimmune diseases in childhood: A longitudinal, population-based linked cohort study." PLOS Medicine 19, no. 4 (April 5, 2022): e1003963. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1003963.
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Background Few studies have evaluated the effect of maternal influenza vaccination on the development of allergic and autoimmune diseases in children beyond 6 months of age. We aimed to investigate the association between in utero exposure to seasonal inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV) and subsequent diagnosis of allergic and autoimmune diseases. Methods and findings This longitudinal, population-based linked cohort study included 124,760 singleton, live-born children from 106,206 mothers in Western Australia (WA) born between April 2012 and July 2016, with up to 5 years of follow-up from birth. In our study cohort, 64,169 (51.4%) were male, 6,566 (5.3%) were Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander children, and the mean age at the end of follow-up was 3.0 (standard deviation, 1.3) years. The exposure was receipt of seasonal IIV during pregnancy. The outcomes were diagnosis of an allergic or autoimmune disease, including asthma and anaphylaxis, identified from hospital and/or emergency department (ED) records. Inverse probability of treatment weights (IPTWs) accounted for baseline probability of vaccination by maternal age, Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander status, socioeconomic status, body mass index, parity, medical conditions, pregnancy complications, prenatal smoking, and prenatal care. The models additionally adjusted for the Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander status of the child. There were 14,396 (11.5%) maternally vaccinated children; 913 (6.3%) maternally vaccinated and 7,655 (6.9%) maternally unvaccinated children had a diagnosis of allergic or autoimmune disease, respectively. Overall, maternal influenza vaccination was not associated with diagnosis of an allergic or autoimmune disease (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 1.02; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.95 to 1.09). In trimester-specific analyses, we identified a negative association between third trimester influenza vaccination and the diagnosis of asthma (n = 40; aHR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.50 to 0.97) and anaphylaxis (n = 36; aHR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.47 to 0.95).We did not capture outcomes diagnosed in a primary care setting; therefore, our findings are only generalizable to more severe events requiring hospitalization or presentation to the ED. Due to small cell sizes (i.e., <5), estimates could not be determined for all outcomes after stratification. Conclusions In this study, we observed no association between in utero exposure to influenza vaccine and diagnosis of allergic or autoimmune diseases. Although we identified a negative association of asthma and anaphylaxis diagnosis when seasonal IIV was administered later in pregnancy, additional studies are needed to confirm this. Overall, our findings support the safety of seasonal inactivated influenza vaccine during pregnancy in relation to allergic and autoimmune diseases in early childhood and support the continuation of current global maternal vaccine programs and policies.
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Odiase-Omoighe, J. O., and B. O. Agoreyo. "Identification of Bioactive Compounds in Sclerotia Extracts from Pleurotus tuber-regium (Fr.) Sing. using Gas Chromatograph– Mass Spectrometer (GC-MS)." Nigerian Journal of Biotechnology 38, no. 1 (June 6, 2022): 39–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njb.v38i1.4s.
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King tuber mushroom (Pleurotus tuber-regium) is a tropical mushroom commonly seen in Australia, Africa and Asia. Trado-medical practitioners use the sclerotia for the treatment of various health disorders. This research aimed at identifying the biologically active compounds present in the sclerotia of this mushroom. In this study, the fungus was first extracted with methanol and re-extracted with ethyl acetate (EA) and dichloromethane (DCM) separately to obtain EA and DCM extracts. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometric (GC-MS) technique was used for the identification of compounds present in EA and DCM extracts. Results revealed the presence of a total of at least twenty-six (26) compounds with 14 and 12 from EA and DCM extracts respectively. The bioactives include n-Hexadecanoic acid, Oleic acid, 10-Octadecenal, Palmitoleic acid, 9, 17-octadecadienal-(z), 11-octadecenoic and methyl ester-(z). In EA extract, n-Hexadecanoic acid had highest concentration (37.67%) followed by 20.65% of 9,12 Octadecadienoic acid and the least was 9,17 Octadecadienal with 0.539%. In DCM extract, 11-Octadecenoic acid methyl ester was most abundant (18.344%) followed by Pentadecanoic acid 14 methyl-methyl ester (14.105%) and the least (4.058%) was 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid. These compounds possess various reported medicinal properties (such as the treatment of high blood pressure, diabetes, asthma, fever and cancer) that could be harnessed for health benefits. Other identified compounds with unknown functions are Trans-2-Dodecen-1-ol trifluoroacetate, cis-11-Hexadecenal, Methyl-18-methylnonadecanoate and Methyl-18-methyl-tetracosanoate. This identification is useful for the establishment of the medicinal properties of the mushroom and isolation of the bioactive compounds, which production can further be enhanced by cost-effective biotechnology techniques.
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Rizwan, Komal, Ismat Majeed, Muhammad Bilal, Tahir Rasheed, Ahmad Shakeel, and Shahid Iqbal. "Phytochemistry and Diverse Pharmacology of Genus Mimosa: A Review." Biomolecules 12, no. 1 (January 5, 2022): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom12010083.
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The genus Mimosa belongs to the Fabaceae family and comprises almost 400 species of herbs, shrubs and ornamental trees. The genus Mimosa is found all over the tropics and subtropics of Asia, Africa, South America, North America and Australia. Traditionally, this genus has been popular for the treatment of jaundice, diarrhea, fever, toothache, wound healing, asthma, leprosy, vaginal and urinary complaints, skin diseases, piles, gastrointestinal disorders, small pox, hepatitis, tumor, HIV, ulcers and ringworm. The review covered literature available from 1959 to 2020 collected from books, scientific journals and electronic searches, such as Science Direct, Web of Science and Google scholar. Various keywords, such as Mimosa, secondary metabolites, medicines, phytochemicals and pharmacological values, were used for the data search. The Mimosa species are acknowledged to be an essential source of secondary metabolites with a wide-ranging biological functions, and up until now, 145 compounds have been isolated from this genus. Pharmacological studies showed that isolated compounds possess significant potential, such as antiprotozoal, antimicrobial, antiviral, antioxidant, and antiproliferative as well as cytotoxic activities. Alkaloids, chalcones, flavonoids, indoles, terpenes, terpenoids, saponins, steroids, amino acids, glycosides, flavanols, phenols, lignoids, polysaccharides, lignins, salts and fatty esters have been isolated from this genus. This review focused on the medicinal aspects of the Mimosa species and may provide a comprehensive understanding of the prospective of this genus as a foundation of medicine, supplement and nourishment. The plants of this genus could be a potential source of medicines in the near future.
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Joos, Than H. "WHAT DO HEALTH CARE PROFESSIONALS KNOW ABOUT CHILDHOOD ASTHMA?" Pediatrics 94, no. 2 (August 1, 1994): 262. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.94.2.262.
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Purpose of the Study. Salbutamol (albuterol) metered dose inhalers are a nonprescription, over-the-counter medication in Australia. In some instances, therefore, the only health care professional to advise asthmatics is the pharmacist. The present study was performed to assess the asthma knowledge base of pharmacists, general practitioners, and pediatric nurses in a given geographic area. Methods. A questionnaire that was developed and tested with medical students and parents of asthmatics was mailed to the above groups of health care professionals in the New Castle region of New South Wales, Australia. Results. An overall return rate of 50% was obtained. The following areas of significant knowledge deficiencies were noted: 1) Pharmacists—Fifty-six percent were unaware of the three cardinal symptoms of asthma: cough, wheeze, and breathlessness, 52% were unaware that asthma often worsens at night, and 57% did not know that viral infections were common triggers of asthma. 2) General Practitioners—Thirty-four percent believed childhood asthma damages the heart, 28% were unable to name three treatments useful in an acute attack, and 18% could not name two asthma preventative drugs. 3) Pediatric nurses—Fifty percent were uninformed regarding the need to seek medical care if nebulizer treatments were required more frequently than every two hours, 40% said inhaled medicines caused more side effects than their oral counter parts, and 40% thought auscultation was the best way to assess asthma. Reviewer's Comments. How would we in America compare, if asked to participate in such an exercise? I would let the reader decide, but in general we need to enlarge our educational programs.
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Bauman, A., L. Young, J. K. Peat, J. Hunt, and P. Larkin. "Asthma under-recognition and under-treatment in an Australian community." Australian and New Zealand Journal of Medicine 22, no. 1 (February 1992): 36–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1445-5994.1992.tb01706.x.
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Bhushan, Apoorva, and Mayank Kulshreshtha. "Cardioprotective Activity of Agaricus bisporus Against Isoproterenol- Induced Myocardial Infarction in Laboratory Animals." Current Nutrition & Food Science 15, no. 4 (June 28, 2019): 401–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573401314666180427161119.
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Background: Agaricus bisporus (A. bisporus) is an edible basidiomycete mushroom native to grasslands in Europe and North America. A. bisporus, commonly known as white button mushroom (WBM), is widely cultivated in most countries, and it constitutes the bulk of all mushrooms consumed in the United States and Australia. Traditionally this fungus has used in the treatment of heart diseases. Also it has anti-ageing property.Mushrooms have been found effective against cancer, cholesterol reduction, stress, insomnia, asthma, allergies and diabetes. Objective: The present research was designed to appraise the cardioprotective activity of a hydroalcoholic extract of Agaricus bisporus (EEAB) on Isoproterenol (ISO) induced myocardial infarction (MI) in Albino Wistar rat. Traditionally, Agaricus bisporus is reported in the treatment of heart diseases, cancer, cerebral stroke and anti-ageing property. Materials and Methods: Wistar rats of different sex were randomly split into five groups namely positive control, negative control, standard, test-1 and test-2 and received distilled water, ISO (85 mg/kg), Simvastatin (10 mg/kg/day, oral) and EEAB (200 and 400 mg/kg/day, p.o.) for 30 days, respectively. MI was induced in rats by ISO at an interval of 24 hrs on 31 and 32 day and on the next day, blood was amassed through retro-orbital plexus for the assessment of biochemical markers (cholesterol, lowdensity lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, very low-density lipoprotein, triglycerides, alanine aminotransferase and total protein) and finally, the rats were immolated by cervical dislocation. The heart tissue was reaped instantly, cleaned with chilled isotonic saline and clasped in 10% buffered formalin and used for the histopathological analysis. Results: ISO p.o. administration significantly elevated the cholesterol, low density lipoprotein, very low density lipoprotein, triglycerides, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels while it decreases high-density lipoprotein and total protein in plasma and administration of EEAB decreases the level of cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, very low-density lipoprotein, triglycerides, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels while it increases high-density lipoprotein and total protein levels. Pretreatment with EEAB protected the cardiotoxicity induced by ISO. The histopathological findings support the analysis of biochemical parameters, ISO-induced myocardium showed infracted zone with edema, inflammatory cells, lipid droplets, myocardial necrosis and vacuolization of myofibrils which were reduced. Conclusion: It can be an outcome that EEAB possessed cardioprotective activity against experimental and clinical studies of ISO-induced myocardial infarction in rats.
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Ospina, Maria B., Donald C. Voaklander, Michael K. Stickland, Malcolm King, Ambikaipakan Senthilselvan, and Brian H. Rowe. "Prevalence of Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Aboriginal and Non-Aboriginal Populations: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Epidemiological Studies." Canadian Respiratory Journal 19, no. 6 (2012): 355–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/825107.
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BACKGROUND: Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have considerable potential for inequities in diagnosis and treatment, thereby affecting vulnerable groups.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate differences in asthma and COPD prevalence between adult Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal populations.METHODS: MEDLINE, EMBASE, specialized databases and the grey literature up to October 2011 were searched to identify epidemiological studies comparing asthma and COPD prevalence between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal adult populations. Prevalence ORs (PORs) and 95% CIs were calculated in a random-effects meta-analysis.RESULTS: Of 132 studies, eight contained relevant data. Aboriginal populations included Native Americans, Canadian Aboriginals, Australian Aboriginals and New Zealand Maori. Overall, Aboriginals were more likely to report having asthma than non-Aboriginals (POR 1.41 [95% CI 1.23 to 1.60]), particularly among Canadian Aboriginals (POR 1.80 [95% CI 1.68 to 1.93]), Native Americans (POR 1.41 [95% CI 1.13 to 1.76]) and Maori (POR 1.64 [95% CI 1.40 to 1.91]). Australian Aboriginals were less likely to report asthma (POR 0.49 [95% CI 0.28 to 0.86]). Sex differences in asthma prevalence between Aboriginals and their non-Aboriginal counterparts were not identified. One study compared COPD prevalence between Native and non-Native Americans, with similar rates in both groups (POR 1.08 [95% CI 0.81 to 1.44]).CONCLUSIONS: Differences in asthma prevalence between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal populations exist in a variety of countries. Studies comparing COPD prevalence between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal populations are scarce. Further investigation is needed to identify and account for factors associated with respiratory health inequalities among Aboriginal peoples.
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Craig, Simon, Colin V. E. Powell, Gillian M. Nixon, Ed Oakley, Jason Hort, David S. Armstrong, Sarath Ranganathan, et al. "Treatment patterns and frequency of key outcomes in acute severe asthma in children: a Paediatric Research in Emergency Departments International Collaborative (PREDICT) multicentre cohort study." BMJ Open Respiratory Research 9, no. 1 (March 2022): e001137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjresp-2021-001137.
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RationaleSevere acute paediatric asthma may require treatment escalation beyond systemic corticosteroids, inhaled bronchodilators and low-flow oxygen. Current large asthma datasets report parenteral therapy only.ObjectivesTo identify the use and type of escalation of treatment in children presenting to hospital with acute severe asthma.MethodsRetrospective cohort study of children with an emergency department diagnosis of asthma or wheeze at 18 Australian and New Zealand hospitals. The main outcomes were use and type of escalation treatment (defined as any of intensive care unit admission, nebulised magnesium, respiratory support or parenteral bronchodilator treatment) and hospital length of stay (LOS).Measurements and main resultsOf 14 029 children (median age 3 (IQR 1–3) years; 62.9% male), 1020 (7.3%, 95% CI 6.9% to 7.7%) had treatment escalation. Children with treatment escalation had a longer LOS (44.2 hours, IQR 27.3–63.2 hours) than children without escalation 6.7 hours, IQR 3.5–16.3 hours; p<0.001). The most common treatment escalations were respiratory support alone (400; 2.9%, 95% CI 2.6% to 3.1%), parenteral bronchodilator treatment alone (380; 2.7%, 95% CI 2.5% to 3.0%) and both respiratory support and parenteral bronchodilator treatment (209; 1.5%, 95% CI 1.3% to 1.7%). Respiratory support was predominantly nasal high-flow therapy (99.0%). The most common intravenous medication regimens were: magnesium alone (50.4%), magnesium and aminophylline (24.6%) and magnesium and salbutamol (10.0%).ConclusionsOverall, 7.3% children with acute severe asthma received some form of escalated treatment, with 4.2% receiving parenteral bronchodilators and 4.3% respiratory support. There is wide variation treatment escalation.
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Serhal, Sarah, Bandana Saini, Sinthia Bosnic-Anticevich, Ines Krass, Frances Wilson, and Carol Armour. "Medication Adherence in a Community Population with Uncontrolled Asthma." Pharmacy 8, no. 4 (October 7, 2020): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy8040183.
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It is well documented that the use of medications in asthma and allergic rhinitis is often suboptimal, and consequently, patients remain symptomatic. This study aimed to determine the extent and type of medication-related issues contributing to poor asthma control by profiling medication management in those most at risk—a population with clinically uncontrolled asthma. Participants (n = 363) were recruited from Australian community pharmacies, and a dispensed medication history report for the previous 12 months was collected to examine medication adherence and factors affecting adherence. Information was also collected regarding participant asthma control and asthma/allergic rhinitis (if applicable) management. The participants’ mean asthma control score was 2.49 (± 0.89 SD, IQR = 1.20) (score ≥ 1.5 indicative of poorly controlled asthma), and 72% were either non-adherent or yet to initiate preventer therapy. Almost half had been prescribed high doses of inhaled corticosteroid and 24% reported use of oral corticosteroids. Only 22% of participants with concomitant allergic rhinitis were using first line treatment. A logistic regression model highlighted that participant health care concession status and hospital admissions were associated with better adherence. Suboptimal medication management is evident in this at-risk population.
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Kelly, A. M., C. Powell, and D. Kerr. "Snapshot of acute asthma: treatment and outcome of patients with acute asthma treated in Australian emergency departments." Internal Medicine Journal 33, no. 9-10 (September 2003): 406–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1445-5994.2003.00469.x.
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Smith, Babette. "Ann Janet Woolcock 1937–2001." Historical Records of Australian Science 25, no. 2 (2014): 313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hr14023.
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Ann Woolcock graduated in medicine from the University of Adelaide and pursued postgraduate studies in respiratory medicine with Professor John Read at the University of Sydney. Her MD thesis, awarded in 1967, was on the mechanical behaviour of the lungs in asthma. From 1966 to 1968 she worked with Professor Peter Macklem at McGill University in Canada, then returned to the University of Sydney to continue researching asthma. Her work in asthma and epidemiology showed that asthma was caused by allergens but that there is a genetic component. Her clinical research was a major contribution to better outcomes in asthma, in particular, the demonstration and practical measurement of airway hyperresponsiveness and her subsequent research that examined its contribution to asthma severity and the ways in which treatments were able to reduce it. In 1989 she wrote, with others, the world's first national guidelines for asthma management, the Australian Asthma Management Plan. In 1984, she was appointed to a personal chair of Respiratory Medicine at the University of Sydney. She founded the Institute of Respiratory Medicine in 1985, based at Sydney's Royal Prince Alfred Hospital. After her death, the Institute was renamed the Woolcock Institute of Medical Research in her honour.
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Harvey, Erin S., David Langton, Constance Katelaris, Sean Stevens, Claude S. Farah, Andrew Gillman, John Harrington, et al. "Mepolizumab effectiveness and identification of super-responders in severe asthma." European Respiratory Journal 55, no. 5 (March 5, 2020): 1902420. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.02420-2019.
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Severe asthma is a high-burden disease. Real-world data on mepolizumab in patients with severe eosinophilic asthma is needed to assess whether the data from randomised controlled trials are applicable in a broader population.The Australian Mepolizumab Registry (AMR) was established with an aim to assess the use, effectiveness and safety of mepolizumab for severe eosinophilic asthma in Australia.Patients (n=309) with severe eosinophilic asthma (median age 60 years, 58% female) commenced mepolizumab. They had poor symptom control (median Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ)-5 score of 3.4), frequent exacerbations (median three courses of oral corticosteroids (OCS) in the previous 12 months), and 47% required daily OCS. Median baseline peripheral blood eosinophil level was 590 cells·µL−1. Comorbidities were common: allergic rhinitis 63%, gastro-oesophageal reflux disease 52%, obesity 46%, nasal polyps 34%.Mepolizumab treatment reduced exacerbations requiring OCS compared with the previous year (annualised rate ratio 0.34 (95% CI 0.29–0.41); p<0.001) and hospitalisations (rate ratio 0.46 (95% CI 0.33–0.63); p<0.001). Treatment improved symptom control (median ACQ-5 reduced by 2.0 at 6 months), quality of life and lung function. Higher blood eosinophil levels (p=0.003) and later age of asthma onset (p=0.028) predicted a better ACQ-5 response to mepolizumab, whilst being male (p=0.031) or having body mass index ≥30 (p=0.043) predicted a lesser response. Super-responders (upper 25% of ACQ-5 responders, n=61, 24%) had a higher T2 disease burden and fewer comorbidities at baseline.Mepolizumab therapy effectively reduces the significant and long-standing disease burden faced by patients with severe eosinophilic asthma in a real-world setting.
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Hagmeyer, Lars. "Bronchiale Thermoplastie bei Asthmapatienten mit schwerer Obstruktion: Benefit und Komplikationsrisiko." Kompass Pneumologie 8, no. 1 (2020): 24–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000504589.
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Background: Randomized clinical trials of bronchial thermoplasty (BT) were conducted in patients with a baseline FEV1 greater than 50%. There is a paucity of data regarding BT in patients with more severe obstruction, and consequently these patients are often excluded from receiving BT. The purpose of this study was to compare safety and efficacy outcomes in a large cohort of patients with an FEV1 less than 50% with those of a cohort of less obstructed patients. Methods: Consecutive patients with severe asthma were drawn from the Australian BT Registry. Patients were grouped into (1) those with a baseline prebronchodilator FEV1 % predicted <50% (n = 32) or (2) those with an FEV1 ≥50% (n = 36). Adverse outcomes were defined as (1) remaining in hospital longer than the planned 24-hour admission posttreatment or (2) being readmitted to hospital for any cause within 30 days of a treatment. Efficacy outcomes were evaluated 6 months after BT. Results: More severely obstructed patients were no more likely to have experienced any adverse event. Significant improvements in Asthma Control Questionnaire score, exacerbation frequency, reliever medication use, and requirement for daily oral steroids were observed in both groups, and were of a similar degree. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that BT can confidently be offered to patients with asthma with an FEV1 that is 30% to 50% of predicted without risk of more frequent or more severe adverse events, and with the expectation of the same degree of response as patients with better lung function.
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Abaza, Haitham, and Michael Marschollek. "mHealth Application Areas and Technology Combinations." Methods of Information in Medicine 56, S 01 (January 2017): e105-e122. http://dx.doi.org/10.3414/me17-05-0003.
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SummaryBackground: With the continuous and enormous spread of mobile technologies, mHealth has evolved as a new subfield of eHealth. While eHealth is broadly focused on information and communication technologies, mHealth seeks to explore more into mobile devices and wireless communication. Since mobile phone penetration has exceeded other infrastructure in low and middle-income countries (LMICs), mHealth is seen as a promising component to provide pervasive and patient-centered care.Objectives: The aim of our research work for this paper is to examine the mHealth literature to identify application areas, target diseases, and mHealth service and technology types that are most appropriate for LMICs.Methods: Based on the 2011 WHO mHealth report, a combination of search terms, all including the word “mHealth”, was identified. A literature review was conducted by searching the PubMed and IEEE Xplore databases. Articles were included if they were published in English, covered an mHealth solution/intervention, involved the use of a mobile communication device, and included a pilot evaluation study. Articles were excluded if they did not provide sufficient detail on the solution covered or did not focus on clinical efficacy/effectiveness. Cross-referencing was also performed on included articles.Results: 842 articles were retrieved and analyzed, 255 of which met the inclusion criteria. North America had the highest number of applications (n=74) followed by Europe (n=50), Asia (n=44), Africa (n=25), and Australia (n=9). The Middle East (n=5) and South America (n=3) had the least number of studies. The majority of solutions addressed diabetes (n=51), obesity (n=25), CVDs (n=24), HIV (n=18), mental health (n=16), health behaviors (n=16), and maternal and child’s health (MCH) (n=11). Fewer solutions addressed asthma (n=7), cancer (n=5), family health planning (n=5), TB (n=3), malaria (n=2), chronic obtrusive pulmonary disease (COPD) (n=2), vision care (n=2), and dermatology (n=2). Other solutions targeted stroke, dental health, hepatitis vaccination, cold and flu, ED prescribed antibiotics, iodine deficiency, and liver transplantation (n=1 each). The remainder of solutions (n=14) did not focus on a certain disease. Most applications fell in the areas of health monitoring and surveillance (n=93) and health promotion and raising awareness (n=88). Fewer solutions addressed the areas of communication and reporting (n=11), data collection (n=6), tele-medicine (n=5), emergency medical care (n=3), point of care support (n=2), and decision support (n=2). The majority of solutions used SMS messaging (n=94) or mobile apps (n=71). Fewer used IVR/phone calls (n=8), mobile website/email (n=5), videoconferencing (n=2), MMS (n=2), or video (n=1) or voice messages (n=1). Studies were mostly RCTs, with the majority suffering from small sample sizes and short study durations. Problems addressed by solutions included travel distance for reporting, self-management and disease monitoring, and treatment/medication adherence.Conclusions: SMS and app solutions are the most common forms of mHealth applications. SMS solutions are prevalent in both high and LMICs while app solutions are mostly used in high income countries. Common application areas include health promotion and raising awareness using SMS and health monitoring and surveillance using mobile apps. Remaining application areas are rarely addressed. Diabetes is the most commonly targeted medical condition, yet remains deficient in LMICs.
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Reid, David, Michael Abramson, Joan Raven, and Haydn E. Walters. "Management and treatment perceptions among young adults with asthma in Melbourne: The Australian experience from the European Community Respiratory Health Survey." Respirology 5, no. 3 (September 2000): 281–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1843.2000.00265.x.
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Craig, Simon, Win Sen Kuan, Anne‐Maree Kelly, Oene Van Meer, Justina Motiejunaite, Gerben Keijzers, Peter Jones, et al. "Treatment and outcome of adult patients with acute asthma in emergency departments in Australasia, South East Asia and Europe: Are guidelines followed? AANZDEM/EuroDEM study." Emergency Medicine Australasia 31, no. 5 (February 25, 2019): 756–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1742-6723.13242.
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Gilbert, Monica M., James A. Chamberlain, Carolynne R. White, Paul W. Mayers, Brendan Pawsey, Danny Liew, Matthew Musgrave, Kerry Crawford, and David J. Castle. "Controlled clinical trial of a self-management program for people with mental illness in an adult mental health service - the Optimal Health Program (OHP)." Australian Health Review 36, no. 1 (2012): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah11008.
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Objective. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect and cost-effectiveness of a self-management intervention, delivered as part of routine care in an adult mental health service. Method. In a community mental health setting, routine care was compared with routine care plus a nine-session intervention (the Optimal Health Program) using a non-randomised controlled design. Adult (18–65 years) consumers of mental health services in the Australian Capital Territory were eligible for participation. Results. The Optimal Health Program was associated with significant improvements in health and social functioning as measured by the Health of the Nation Outcome Scale (average change relative to control: –3.17; 95% CI –4.49 to –1.84; P < 0.001). In addition, there was a reduction in hospital admissions in the treatment group (percentage of time in hospital reduced from 3.20 to 0.82; P = 0.07). This translated into a net cost saving of over AU$6000 per participant per year (uncertainty range AU$744 to AU$12 656). Conclusions. This study shows promising results for incorporating a self-management program into routine care to improve the health and social functioning of mental health consumers in a cost-effective manner. What is known about the topic? Current literature supports the efficacy of structured self-management programs for chronic conditions such as diabetes (type 1 and 2) and asthma, but there remains limited evidence that self-management programs improve outcomes for people with mental illness. What does this paper add? This study adds to the body of evidence supporting self-management as a cost-effective adjunct to routine care in mental health services. What are the implications for practitioners? Our study supports the feasibility of clinicians delivering cost-effective self-management programs as part of routine mental health service delivery.
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"Bioboard." Asia-Pacific Biotech News 14, no. 10 (October 2010): 5–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219030310000479.
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AUSTRALIA – Australian Scientists Make Breakthrough on HIV's Infectious Grip. AUSTRALIA – Australian Researchers Developing New Dengue Vaccine. AUSTRALIA – Heart Attack Genes Discovered. AUSTRALIA – Australian Researchers Find Blindness Genes. AUSTRALIA – Innovative Spinal Surgery Performed at Austin Health. AUSTRALIA – Future Risks for Child Cancer Survivors Seven Times Higher. AUSTRALIA – Triggers Found on Asthma Risk. AUSTRALIA – One-dose Malaria Killer Drug. BANGLADESH – 589 People Confirmed to be infected by Anthrax in Bangladesh. CHINA – Banned Chemical Found in China Cosmetics. CHINA – China PharmaHub Corp. Introduces A 'Magic Bullet' Liver Cancer Therapy. INDIA – BARC Develops Radionuclides for Inoperable Cancers, Arthritis. INDIA – Vaccine Makers to Lobby for Higher Immunization Coverage. SINGAPORE – Singapore and Seattle Eye Banks Collaborate to Increase World Supply of Tissue for Sight-Restoring Corneal Transplants. SINGAPORE – Doctors Discover Tamiflu-Resistant H1N1 Superbug. SINGAPORE – P&G Partners A*STAR to Strengthen R&D Presence in Singapore. SINGAPORE – NCCS-led Study Helps Doctors to Better Identify Treatment for Colorectal Cancer Patients. OTHER REGIONS — EUROPE – Gene Therapy Success for Anemia Patient. OTHER REGIONS — NORTH AMERICA – Researchers Find Genes Linked to Ovarian Cancer.
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"BIOBOARD." Asia-Pacific Biotech News 15, no. 11 (November 2011): 5–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219030311000656.
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AUSTRALIA – IVF Treatment Linked to Tumours. AUSTRALIA – GAT-1 Drives Withdrawal Symptoms. AUSTRALIA – Winners of Student Excellence Awards Showcase Australia's Promising Future in Bio-Sciences. AUSTRALIA – Asthma Treatment Hope After Genetic Discovery. CHINA – Scientists Make Human Blood Protein from Rice. CHINA – India and China Enter Lucrative Biotech Drugs Foray. CHINA – Antibiotics Heavily Overused in China. CHINA – Supplements in China Found to Contain Vet Drugs. INDIA – Health Benefits of Indian Herbs Need Global Focus. KOREA – Stem Cell Breakthrough May Lead to Cure for Parkinson's and Diabetes. KOREA – Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis Poses Public Health Risk in N. Korea. KOREA – Drug firm GSK fined US$2.6m for Collusion. SINGAPORE – Platforms for Singapore, Europe Scientists to Collaborate. SINGAPORE – Singapore Experts and Japanese Chemical Leaders Share Green Innovations for Industry. OTHER REGIONS — NCKU Professor Receives Korea's Research Award. OTHER REGIONS — Rejuvenated Stemcells Coaxed from Centenarian. OTHER REGIONS — 'Promising' Step for World's First Malaria Vaccine.
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Ahmad, Numan, and Kaleem Murtaza Buttar. "Role of Ipratropium bromide in management of Thunderstorm asthma." World Family Medicine Journal /Middle East Journal of Family Medicine 20, no. 10 (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.5742/mewfm.2022.9525181.
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Epidemic thunderstorm asthma has been reported to have occurred around twenty times over the past three decades in locations around the world. Thunderstorm asthma events are characterized by a significant increase in asthma presentations, which on occasion can overwhelm local medical services and result in fatalities. Thunderstorm asthma (TA) typically presents during an aeroallergen season in individuals, sensitized to perennial rye grass pollen (RGP) in Australia, in combination with meteorological factors such as thunderstorms and lightning activity. Short acting beta agonist (SABA) only treatment is sub-optimal therapy for prevention of asthma exacerbations. The combined treatment includes inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) and SABA but is found to be contentious. So the present review focuses on suitable alternative, short acting muscarinic antagonist (SAMA), Ipratropium bromide and its efficacy on the management of allergic asthma. Salbutamol induces bronchodilation rapidly but it elicits profound cardiovascular event as the side effects. Meanwhile, ipratropium also has equivalent effect of salbutamol with low side effect profile. Ipratropium also minifies the asthmatic response to grass pollen, allergen induced bronchoconstriction. Further, it also reduces allergen induced early and late asthmatic response and also inhibits the response towards histamine inhalation. In this regard, ipratropium may be considered as a suitable agent in the management of thunderstorm asthma and future trials are highly warranted. Keywords: Thunderstorm asthma, grass pollen, rye grass, short acting beta agonist, Ipratropium bromide
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"Bioboard." Asia-Pacific Biotech News 14, no. 01 (January 2010): 3–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219030310000029.
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AUSTRALIA – Researchers Find Bacterium to Trip Malarial Mosquitoes. AUSTRALIA – One Dose of H1N1 Vaccine May Provide Sufficient Protection for Infants and Children. AUSTRALIA – Cosmetic Therapy Uses Patient's Own Plasma to Fix Wrinkles. AUSTRALIA – Asthma Summer Warning. AUSTRALIA – Link Between Sun Exposure and Food Allergies in Kids Revealed. AUSTRALIA – Colon Simulator Reduces Cancer. AUSTRALIA – Farmers Turn Organic for Personal Health. AUSTRALIA – Rise in Dengue Cases Causes New Outbreak Fears. CHINA – Western Corporations Move Key Offices to China. CHINA – China Treating Severe Swine Flu with Blood Plasma. CHINA – Traditional Medicine Beats H1N1 Virus. CHINA – Sars Victims Suffer After-Effects. CHINA – Higher Lung Cancer Risk in Eastern China. CHINA – Experts Warn of Cancer Linked to Certain Herbs. INDIA – CSIR Completes First Ever Human Genome Sequencing in India. INDIA – India among Top 5 Government Funders of Neglected Diseases. INDIA – Doctors Use Stem Cells to Regrow Teeth in Children. INDIA – Delhi to Have First Govt-owned Liver Institute. JAPAN – Israel, Japan Unite For First Time to Study Brain, Stem Cells. PHILIPPINES – Stem Cell Therapy as Rejuvenation and Other Disease Treatment. SINGAPORE – Scientists Discover Natural Compound in Palm Oil Kills Breast Cancer Cells. SINGAPORE – More than 200 Scientists Attend A*STAR Biomedical Sciences Symposium. SINGAPORE – Global Phase III Clinical Trial to Treat Head and Neck Cancer Begins. EUROPE – Stem Cell Treatment Helps Regain Eyesight.
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"BIOBOARD." Asia-Pacific Biotech News 17, no. 04 (April 2013): 6–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219030313000244.
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INDIA – Lack of access to technology ‘hampers detection of substandard drugs’. JAPAN – Daiichi Sankyo announces development of nucleic acid treatment for Duchenne muscular dystrophy utilizing proprietary technology. SINGAPORE – IBN creates unlimited source of human kidney cells. SINGAPORE – Dyesol and Singapore's NTU sign agreement. THE PHILIPPINES – Global biotech/GM crop plantings increase 100-fold from 1996. AUSTRALIA – Phosphagenics further expands pain portfolio. AUSTRALIA – Primary Health Care signs Australia distribution agreement for iGeneScreen™ prenatal test. AUSTRALIA – Folic acid in pregnancy linked with reduced autism risk. AUSTRALIA – Phylogica and Bio-Link collaborate to commercialize anti-inflammatory Phylomers. AUSTRALIA – ABRAXANE® plus gemcitabine improves survival in Phase III study of patients with advanced pancreatic cancer. CANADA – Verisante Technology, Inc. announces first sales of aura, a revolutionary medical device for the detection of skin cancer. EUROPE – Project eyes robust medical technology for poor countries. UNITED KINGDOM – Asthma sufferers have more lung fungi. UNITED KINGDOM – Pioneering drug discovery gets major funding to move to next stage. UNITED STATES – Gilead's sofosbuvir for hepatitis C meets primary endpoint in fourth pivotal Phase III study. UNITED STATES – Eleven Biotherapeutics publishes data on EBI-005, a novel IL-1 inhibitor protein for topical treatment of dry eye disease. UNITED STATES – Phase I/II trial of ADXS-HPV in anal cancer conducted by Brown University Oncology Group. UNITED STATES – Scopolamine: An old drug with new psychiatric applications. UNITED STATES – New bioengineered ears look and act like the real thing. UNITED STATES – To trap a rainbow, slow down light. UNITED STATES – AB SCIEX responds to milk contamination concerns with new method to detect dicyandiamide.
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Long, David, Jason Bendal, and Andrew Bower. "Out-of-hospital administration of corticosteroids to patients with acute asthma: A case study and literature review." Australasian Journal of Paramedicine 6, no. 4 (July 16, 2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.33151/ajp.6.4.475.
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Introduction Asthma is an important health problem in Australia with more than 2.2. million Australians currently diagnosed with Asthma. Asthma is associated with significant mortality and frequent use of emergency medical services. The objectives of this paper were to: a) present a case study of a near-fatal episode of severe acute asthma in which the patient was administered corticosteroids by an Ambulance Service of New South Wales Extended Care Paramedic; b) review the epidemiology and pathophysiology of acute asthma as well as current pharmacotherapy in asthma management; and c) conduct a literature search and critical appraisal of existing evidence supporting the out-of-hospital administration of corticosteroids for acute asthma by paramedics. Methods The purpose of the literature search was to identify comparative studies of adult patients with “acute” asthma treated by paramedics with corticosteroids prior to arrival at the emergency department (ED) to evaluate whether this intervention is associated with improved outcomes. A literature search of databases included the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (Cochrane Reviews Issue 4 2008), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (Clinical Trials), Medline (1950- November 2008), EMBASE and CINAHL. A pre-hospital filter was applied to increase the sensitivity of the searches as appropriate. MeSH headings included exp/asthma, exp/hydrocortisone, exp/prednisone, exp/prednisolone and exp/glucocorticoids. Searched text words included asthma, hydrocortisone, prednisone and prednisolone. Titles and abstracts of interest were inspected to identify relevant articles with the full text of selected articles retrieved. Identified papers were independently appraised by two reviewers. Results Only two original studies were identified. The first was a retrospective comparative study of adult patients with moderate to severe asthma who received 125 mg methylprednisolone prior to transport to hospital or after arrival in the ED. The second study was a retrospective chart review to determine whether the out-of-hospital administration of systemic steroids to asthmatic patients had any effect on hospital admission rates. Conclusion Corticosteroids have been widely used in the hospital setting for many years in the treatment of acute asthma and there is good evidence to support their early administration in an ED setting. Out-of-hospital studies provide only weak evidence of benefit. There is insufficient evidence of adequate quality to determine if corticosteroids should be routinely used by paramedics. A prospective randomised controlled trial is needed to determine the true value of early corticosteroid administration in the ambulance setting.
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Purkiss, Shaun, Tessa Keegal, Dennis Wollersheim, and Hassan Vally. "Chronic Disease Prevalence. A perspective using Administrative Data from Australia." International Journal of Population Data Science 3, no. 2 (June 15, 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.23889/ijpds.v3i2.574.
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BackgroundPharmaceutical administrative data can provide an alternative method to assess chronic disease prevalence. The data within prescription exchanges includes the specific nature of the medication dispensed which can be utilised for case definition by proxy of certain chronic diseases.
ObjectivesThis study examines the potential of Australian administrative pharmaceutical data to define chronic disease and provide population prevalence estimates. The utility of allocated World Health Organization Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) codes to the treatment supplied will be assessed and the validity of the results generated compared with other Australian sources of chronic disease prevalence.
Methods23 chronic conditions were defined by ATC codes within an Australian (administrative) Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) dataset. This enabled calculation of chronic disease prevalences for the period 2003 to 2014 using Australian census data as denominator values.
FindingsPrevalence estimates from PBS data when compared with questionnaire based studies demonstrated homogeneity overall (Mann-Whitney P>0.05). PBS prevalence estimates of diabetes, gout and asthma showed respective correlations of 0.999, 0.8385 and 0.58 to 0.82 with community surveys. In general, the prevalence of most chronic conditions rose. Cardiovascular disorders, iron deficiency treatment, HIV and prescription pain medication however demonstrated notable increases. Prevalence estimates were influenced by artefactual factors including new government regulation in 2012. For diabetes prevalence estimates this improved the correlation associated with community survey data.
ConclusionsAustralian pharmaceutical administrative data have potential utility for chronic disease prevalence estimates. Advantages include low costs, speed of analysis, high power and good representation. We consider the technique offers a complimentary perspective of chronic disease prevalence providing new insights into population health.
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"Bioboard." Asia-Pacific Biotech News 12, no. 08 (June 2008): 5–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219030308000505.
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AUSTRALIA — New Meningococcal Test to Identify Genetic Predisposition AUSTRALIA — Scientists Discover the Double Life of Proteins AUSTRALIA — Gene Discovery Offers Cancer Hope CHINA — The American Psychiatric Association's Awards for Young Scientists Encourage Research Expertise in China CHINA — DuPont Partners with China to Increase Farm Productivity CHINA — Deadly Enterovirus Afflicts Chinese Children CHINA — CAS Researchers Decode Genome of Mosquito-Killing Bacterium CHINA — CAS, Local Governments to Jointly Set Up a Biomedical Institute in Suzhou CHINA — Chinese and US Scientists Map Papaya Genes CHINA — Genzyme to Build New R&D Center in Beijing INDIA — Avesthagen Launches Bioactive Teestar INDIA — Scientists Find Kala-azar Protein INDIA — Bayer Launches Disease-Resistant Hybrid Rice Arize Dhani INDIA — SCHOTT Forms Pharmaceutical Joint Venture in India INDIA — IIT Mumbai Develops Chip to Detect Myocardial Infarction INDIA — Tamil Nadu Plans Poison Treatment Center in Every District INDIA — RFCL Opens Integrated Manufacturing Plant in India JAPAN — Pfizer to Launch Champix® – The First Prescription Oral Smoking Cessation Aid in the Country NEW ZEALAND — Asthma Linked to High Fat Diet PHILIPPINES — Surge in Dengue Cases in the Philippines SOUTH KOREA — Bird Flu Outbreaks Spread in South Korea SINGAPORE — Edwards Lifesciences Opens Its First Heart Valve Manufacturing Facility in Singapore SINGAPORE — Bioimaging and Stem Cell Research in Singapore gets a Million Dollar Boost from Latest Grant Calls by A*STAR SINGAPORE — Maccine Receives Bio-Industry Award for Best Preclinical or Clinical CRO in Asia TAIWAN — New Group for Biomedical Electronics Established TAIWAN — Stroke Evaluation Indicator Discovered VIETNAM — Vietnam Bird Flu Vaccine Returns Positive Results
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"BIOBOARD." Asia-Pacific Biotech News 20, no. 11 (November 2016): 46–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219030316000835.
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SINGAPORE – Singapore eHealth Innovations Summit Announces the First EMRAM Stage 7 Hospital in Singapore and Emphasized Technology as Transformative Agent in Specialty Functions. TAIWAN – Health2Sync Strategically Partners with Taiwan's Ministry of Health and Welfare in Asia's First Government Supported Online Diabetes Care Program. UNITED STATES – Scientists Identify Protein Involved in Restoring Effectiveness of Common Treatment for Breast Cancer. UNITED STATES – Scientists Reveal How Signals from Pathogenic Bacteria Reach Danger Sensors of Cells. UNITED STATES – Scientists Find New Path in Brain to Ease Depression. UNITED STATES – Tips for Living a Heart Healthy Lifestyle. CANADA – Review Suggests Eating Oats Can Lower Cholesterol as Measured by a Variety of Markers. SOUTH KOREA – CSA Group Opens Highly Advanced Electro - Medical Laboratory in Seoul. AUSTRALIA – Cynata’s Technology Significant Efficacy in Preclinical Asthma Study. INDIA – Essilor Launches ‘Love to See Change’ Campaign to Educate People about Need to Preserve Visual Health.
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Wijs, L., D. A. Doherty, J. A. Keelan, B. Penova-Veselinovic, P. Burton, J. L. Yovich, G. L. Hall, P. D. Sly, P. G. Holt, and R. J. Hart. "O-087 Asthma and allergies in a cohort of adolescents conceived after assisted reproductive technologies (ART)." Human Reproduction 37, Supplement_1 (June 29, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/humrep/deac104.101.
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Abstract Study question Are adolescents conceived after assisted reproductive technologies (ART) at an increased risk of asthma and allergies, compared to their counterparts conceived without ART? Summary answer No difference in asthma prevalence, better lung-function, and an increase in allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, food allergies and positive skin-prick tests are reported in the ART cohort. What is known already Over 8 million children have been born after conception with ART worldwide. Emerging evidence shows an increased risk of atopic disorders, such as asthma and allergies, in such children, potentially due to epigenetic alterations or underlying parental subfertility and perinatal risk factors. Studies to date are highly heterogeneous, including non-standardized diagnostic tools, non-representative reference populations, and lacking appropriate covariate adjustment. With the increase in atopic disorders worldwide, and the burden they bring to the life of individuals and to society, in combination with the increase in ART, it is important to further investigate the risk of atopy in such offspring. Study design, size, duration The Growing Up Healthy Study (GUHS) is a prospective study that recruited 303 offspring conceived after ART (aged 13-21), born 1991-2001 in Western Australia. Their health parameters, including asthma and allergy assessments, were compared with those of counterparts conceived without ART, from the Raine Study Generation 2 (Gen2). The 2,868 Gen2 participants are representative of the local population. At age 14 (2013-2017), 152 GUHS participants replicated atopy assessments previously completed by similarly aged Gen2 participants. Participants/materials, setting, methods Asthma and allergy assessments consisted of a parent-completed modified version of the ‘International Studies of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood’ (ISAAC) questionnaire, spirometry, methacholine challenge- and skin-prick testing (SPT). Chi2, Fisher’s Exact and Mann-Whitney U tests, performed in SPSS V25, examined cohort differences, and generalized estimating equations adjusted for (a subset of) the following covariates: sex, age, height, singleton pregnancy, gestational age, birthweight, mode of delivery, primary caregiver smoking, and being an only child. Main results and the role of chance Current asthma and asthma severity, based on the ISAAC questionnaire, appeared similar between the cohorts. Lung function (mean Forced Expiratory Volume [FEV1], Forced Vital Capacity [FVC] and FEV1/FVC ratio) was better in the ART cohort (3.10 vs. 2.96 L, p = 0.011; 3.72 vs. 3.29 L, p < 0.001; 85.5 vs. 91.8%, p < 0.001, respectively). No difference in mean Forced Expiratory Flow was reported. Bronchial hyperresponsiveness was significantly less prevalent in the ART cohort (8.8% vs.18.6% p = 0.006). Current allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (ARC) rates were significantly higher in the ART cohort (32.4% vs. 25.2%, aOR 1.52 [1.03-2.26], p = 0.036), while prevalence of current atopic dermatitis did not differ. Food allergies were twice as prevalent in the ART cohort (20.7 vs. 10.9%, aOR 1.89 [1.17-3.06], p = 0.010). Significantly more GUHS participants had a positive SPT (68.0% vs. 45.4%, aOR 3.034 [1.989-4.628], p < 0.001). The percentage of polysensitisation (> 1 allergen) did not differ between the cohorts. Sub-analyses comparing offspring conceived after in vitro fertilisation (IVF)[n = 100] and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI)[n = 40], and fresh and frozen embryo transfers (ETs n = 82, FETs n = 58) within the ART cohort, showed no significant differences, although all allergy outcomes appeared more prevalent in the ET group. Limitations, reasons for caution Despite substantial study size, numbers did not allow for adjustment for all covariates. Sub-analyses (IVF vs. ICSI and ET vs. FET), were conducted with limited power and require replication in larger cohorts. Both cohorts were largely of Caucasian decent (>88.0%), which reduces applicability of findings to other ethnicities. Wider implications of the findings Reassuringly, adolescents conceived after ART had better lung-function than their counterparts and no differences in asthma prevalence. The reported increase in allergies in ART conceived adolescents is of importance to families and healthcare providers, and opens possibilities for targeted screening and treatment. Further studies are required to confirm our findings. Trial registration number Not applicable
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Bagade, Tanmay, Kailash Thapaliya, Erica Breuer, Rashmi Kamath, Zhuoyang Li, Elizabeth Sullivan, and Tazeen Majeed. "Investigating the association between infertility and psychological distress using Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health (ALSWH)." Scientific Reports 12, no. 1 (June 25, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-15064-2.
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AbstractInfertility affects millions of people globally. Although an estimated 1 in 6 couples in Australia are unable to conceive without medical intervention, little is known about the mental health impacts of infertility. This study investigated how infertility impacts the mental health of women. The study used nationally representative Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health (ALSWH) data. We analysed data from survey periods 2–8 conducted every three years between 2000 and 2018 for 6582 women born in 1973–78. We used a Generalised Equation Modelling (GEE) method to investigate the association of primary, secondary and resolved fertility status and psychological distress over time. Multiple measures were used to measure psychological distress: the (1) the mental health index subscale of the 36-item short form survey (SF-36), (2) the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CESD-10), (3) the Goldberg Anxiety and Depression Scale (GADanx) anxiety subscale; and a (4) composite psychological distress variable. About a third (30%) of women reported infertility at any of the survey rounds; a steady increase over 18 years from 1.7% at round 2 to 19.3% at round 8. Half of the women reporting primary or secondary infertility reported psychological distress, with the odds of having psychological distress was higher in women reporting primary (odds ratio (OR) 1.24, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.06–1.45), secondary (OR 1.27, 95% CI 1.10–1.46) or resolved infertility (OR 1.15, 95% CI 1.05–1.26) compared to women reporting normal fertility status. Women with partners, underweight or higher BMI, smoking, and high-risk alcohol use had higher odds of psychological distress, whereas women in paid work had significantly lower odds of psychological distress (p < 0.001). Diabetes, high blood pressure, asthma, and other chronic physical illness were independently associated with higher odds of psychological distress. Infertility has a significant impact on mental health even after it is resolved. Frequent mental health assessment and a holistic approach to address the lifestyle factors should be undertaken during the treatment of infertility.
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SHARMA, GANESH N., HARJINDER KAUR, BIRENDRA SHRIVASTAVA, and SATISH CHANDER ARORA. "A REVIEW FROM HISTORICAL TO CURRENT-CELASTRUS PANICULATUS." International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, June 25, 2020, 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ijpps.2020v12i8.38470.
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Celastrus paniculatus is commonly known as “Malkangani”, widely distributed in the Maldives, Australia, China, Cambodia, Malaysia, Taiwan, Nepal, Thailand as well as in the Pacific Islands and all over India mainly Maharashtra, Orissa and Andaman and Nicobar group of Islands on an altitude of 1800m. It climbs up to over 10m. The leaves are ovate or elliptic in shape with dentate margin. Seeds are ellipsoid or ovoid, yellowish-brown in color and grow inside the capsules. Celastrus paniculatus (Malkangni) is used in Ayurveda as a nervine tonic, tranquilizer and diuretic and in rheumatism, gout, leprosy and asthma. Different Parts of Celastrus paniculatus after extraction and fractionation give different active constituents such as sesquiterpene esters-malkanguinol, malkangunin, sesquiterpene alkaloids-celapanin, celapanigin, alkaloids-celastrine, paniculatine, fatty acids-oleic acid, palmittic acid, linoleic acid and stearic acid, crystalline substance tetracasanol and sterol. Different pharmacological activities are anti-rheumatic, anti-fungal, nootropic activity, antimalarial activity, anti spermatogenic effect, anti-anxiety and anti-atherosclerotic effect. In the present review, our target is to search, bring together and compile the data of Celastrus paniculatus, which have less side effects and very valuable for the treatment of rheumatism. Related information is procured from various scientific publications using online, seek out engines such as Google scholar, Pubmed and Science Direct. A total of 200 articles was reviewed out of which 55 articles are selected to review for the description of the plant, parts used, chemical constituents, traditional uses and for reported activities.
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"INSIDE INDUSTRY." Asia-Pacific Biotech News 18, no. 07 (July 2014): 52–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219030314000494.
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Sanford-Burnham and Daiichi Sankyo form alliance to study novel drug targets in cardiovascular metabolic diseases. Sigma-Aldrich® to launch Austrianova's Cell-in-a-Box® Kit for research use. ASLAN Pharmaceuticals signs agreement with CSL to develop novel therapy for asthma. Self-assembling peptides for bone regeneration and drug delivery. Verisante Technology, Inc. receives the 2014 North American Technology Innovation Leadership of the Year Award from Frost & Sullivan. Agilent Technologies partners Women in Science, Engineering and Technology in Korea. Mundipharma and Genewel sign agreement across key global markets for licensing and promotion of Medifoam®. Janssen collaborates with ViiV Healthcare to develop two-drug single tablet regimen for the maintenance treatment of people living with HIV. AbbVie opens expanded manufacturing facility in Sligo, Ireland. AMRI to Acquire Oso Biopharmaceuticals Manufacturing. Merck to collaborate with Sysmex Inostics on a blood-based RAS biomarker test. Igenbio establishes direct presence in Japan. Mesoblast accelerates plans for commercial manufacturing operations in Singapore. Celerion and Korean Drug Development Fund form collaboration to strengthen early phase clinical research in South Korea. Dr. Carolyn Mountford, University of Newcastle, Australia receives Agilent Technologies Thought Leader Award. PHARM Connect – The business summit covering a full industry. New topics for the Next Generation Sequencing & Single Cell Genomics Asia Congress confirmed. Registration opened for Oxford Global's 6th Annual Next Generation Sequencing Congress. Registration opened for Oxford Global's 4th Annual Next Generation Sequencing Asia Congress.
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Ali, Heena, and Ubaid Yaqoob. "Traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicity of Arisaema (Areaceae): a review." Bulletin of the National Research Centre 45, no. 1 (February 24, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s42269-021-00489-y.
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Abstract Background The genus Arisaema (Areaceae), popularly known as cobra lilies and jack in pulpit is mainly found in temperate to tropical areas of all continents except South America, Europe and Australia and contain about more than 250 species. Arisaema genus is being used by the different folks of human populations for medicinal as well as food purposes. Arisaema plants are used for the treatment of different types of diseases. There have been several attempts to highlight different aspects of genus Arisaema by describing it in terms of phytochemistry and medicinal uses. The present study is, however, an attempt to put together all the former data available related to the phytochemistry and medicinal uses of genus Arisaema. Main body The phytochemicals of the plant include alkaloids, phenols, terpenes, flavonoids, lectins, saponins, glycosides, triterpenoids, stigmasterols, n-alkanes, n-alkanols sitosterols, campesterol, oxalates, coumarins, tannins etc. Moreover, the properties such as antioxidant, antifungal, antibacterial, insecticidal, antimicrobial, cytotoxic, nematocidal, antiallergic antitumour and anticancer activities are also shown by the plants belonging to genus Arisaema. Arisaema plants have been traditionally used to treat various ailments such as resolving phlegm, dampness, and to treat asthma, bronchitis, cold, cough, and laryngitis etc. It has been found that there are several species which are toxic by nature. The development of clinical applications of arisaematis rhizomes had been seriously constrained due to its toxic properties like, mouth and lingua pain, even respiration slowing and suffocation, mucous membrane and skin irritation etc. and this toxicity of arisaematis rhizomes is due to raphide components. Conclusions The collection of data available on the phytochemistry of genus Arisaema is not sufficient as further work is required to do on phytochemical and medicinal basis. The data available on phytochemistry and medicinal properties of the plants belonging to genus Arisaema throws light on various species of Arisaema which are medicinally important and have been exploited to treat different types of diseases in the world.
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Wattananon, Saranya, Wilart Pompimon, Phansuang Udomputtimekakul, Puttinan Maepowpan, Thanatcha Taratong, Amornrat Khamkaew, Atchariyaporn Mookaewkrue, et al. "Characterization of Chemical Constituent and Biological Activity of Roots from Cleistanthus oblonggifolius (Roxb.) Mull. Arg." Asian Journal of Applied Chemistry Research, December 2, 2022, 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajacr/2022/v12i2219.
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Background: C. oblongifolius is a species of Asian trees, originally described by William Roxburgh and later placed by Johannes Müller Argoviensis; it is now included in the family Phyllanthaceae. Distributed throughout Indochina and Malesia, its name in Vietnam is cọc rào; it has been recorded from the Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Australia (Queensland), Bangladesh, Borneo, Cambodia, Java, Lesser Sunda Islands, peninsular Malaysia, Maluku, Myanmar, New Guinea, Philippines, Solomon Islands, Sulawesi, Sumatera, Vietnam and Thailand. Several species of this genus are highly poisonous (C. collinus), some are brewed for treating dysentery (C. decurrens), and used for treatment of asthma (C. myrianthus).
Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the effect of crude extract and purified substance on inhibition of AIDS and cancer.
Methods: Phytochemical studies were extracts from these solvents used for the study: hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol. The dried herbs were ground and extracted by chromatography. Extracts and compound have been tested for HIV-1 RT, anti-syncytium and cytotoxicity. The obtained purification compounds were used to determine the structure by spectroscopic techniques such as UV. IR, NMR and MS.
Results: The study found that compound 3-O-methylellagic acid 4'-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside from the roots of this plant, it was also found that ethyl acetate and methanol class extracts inhibited anti-HIV-1 RT up to 100% and 65% pure substance. For all extracts and purified compounds, syncytium inhibition assay showed inhibition HIV with EC50 <7.8 µM, TI>2.31. SH-SY5Y anticancer was showed with ED50 = 6.7 µM.
Conclusion: C. oblongifolius extract, most of these fractions were potent in inhibiting HIV-1 RT and syncytium (MC99+1A2) inhibition. In addition, hexane extract inhibited the growth of SH-SY5Y cancer cells more than other cancer cells. However, the isolated purified compound only had an inhibitory effect on HT-29 cells with ED50 10.11 µg/mL.
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Golshan Tafti, Mohammad, Najmeh Abdollahi, Ahmad Shajari, and Vajiheh Almodersi. "The Association between Obesity and Severityof Asthma in Children." Journal of Tolooebehdasht, March 9, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/tbj.v17i6.493.
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Introduction: Asthma is the most common chronic airway disease in children, which is caused by genetic and environmental factors such as obesity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between obesity and asthma severity in children.
Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study included 200 asthmatic children aged 6 to 12 years in Yazd Shohadaye Kargar hospital in 2015 - 2016. The participants' demographic data were recorded. According to the Australian National Asthma Campaign, they were categorized into mild, moderate, and severe groups considering their severity of asthma. In order to compare the studied variables t, chi-square, and Mann-Whitney tests were used by SPSS 18.
Results: The results showed that 11 (27.5%) obese children had severe asthma, but only 7 children (4.4%) with normal BMI had severe asthma (P <0.001). It was also found that the mean BMI in children with severe asthma was 21.68, in children with moderate asthma was 19.73, and in children with mild asthma was 18.27 (P <0.001). Other variables including age, birth weight, maternal age, socioeconomic status, and educational level did not have any significant effect on the severity of asthma (P> 0.05).
Conclusion: Our study showed that the prevalence of severe asthma was high in obese children and this relationship was stronger in boys. Therefore, obese children have a higher risk for severe asthma. To reduce obesity in children, treatments such as regimen are required.