Academic literature on the topic 'Association of Universalist Women of Illinois'
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Journal articles on the topic "Association of Universalist Women of Illinois"
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Wilde, Melissa, and Hajer Al-Faham. "Believing in Women? Examining Early Views of Women among America’s Most Progressive Religious Groups." Religions 9, no. 10 (October 20, 2018): 321. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel9100321.
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This paper examines views of women among the most prominent “progressive” American religious groups (as defined by those that liberalized early on the issue of birth control, circa 1929). We focus on the years between the first and second waves of the feminist movement (1929–1965) in order to examine these views during a time of relative quiescence. We find that some groups indeed have a history of outspoken support for women’s equality. Using their modern-day names, these groups—the United Church of Christ, the Unitarian Universalist Association, and to a lesser extent, the Society of Friends, or Quakers—professed strong support for women’s issues, early and often. However, we also find that prominent progressive groups—the Protestant Episcopal Church, the Methodist Episcopal Church, and the United Presbyterian Church—were virtually silent on the issue of women’s rights. Thus, we conclude that birth control activism within the American religious field was not clearly correlated with an overall feminist orientation.
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Bergo, Cara Jane, Bethany Dominik, Stephanie Sanz, Kristin Rankin, and Arden Handler. "Persisting Gaps in Coverage and Services of Illinois Women Who Acquired Insurance After Implementation of the Affordable Care Act." Public Health Reports 134, no. 4 (June 6, 2019): 417–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0033354919853265.
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Objectives: Before implementation of the Affordable Care Act, many uninsured women in Illinois received care through safety-net programs. The new law allowed them to acquire health insurance through Medicaid or the Illinois Health Exchange. We examined (1) the health care experiences of such women who previously used a safety-net program and acquired this new coverage and (2) persisting gaps in coverage for breast and cervical cancer services and other health care services. Methods: We interviewed a stratified random sample of 400 women aged 34-64 in Illinois each year during 2015-2017 (total N = 1200). We used multivariable logistic regression models to determine the association between health insurance status (Illinois Health Exchange vs Medicaid) and past 12-month gaps in coverage (ie, delaying care, not having a recent mammogram, having a medical cost, and having a medical cost not covered) for the 360 women who were former participants of the Illinois Breast and Cervical Cancer Program. We calculated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), adjusting for race/ethnicity, age, income, and education. Results: We found no significant differences by health insurance status in the prevalence of delaying preventive, chronic, or sick care; timeliness of the most recent mammogram; and having a major medical cost. However, of women who reported a major medical cost, women with health insurance through the Illinois Health Exchange had a higher prevalence of not having a cost covered than women with Medicaid (adjusted OR = 4.86; 95% CI, 1.48-16.03). Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that many women who gained health insurance lacked adequate coverage and services. Safety-net programs will likely continue to play an essential role in supporting women as they navigate a complex system.
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Handler, Arden, Trang Ngoc Doam Pham, and Kristin Rankin. "Women's Preventive Services Utilization in Illinois in the Aftermath of the ACA and the COVID-19 Pandemic." Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved 35, no. 2 (May 2024): 672–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/hpu.2024.a928639.
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Abstract: This study explores the association between health system changes over the last decade and women's preventive care utilization in Illinois. A cross-sectional analysis using Illinois Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) data from 2012–2020 among women aged 21–75 (n=21,258) examined well-woman visit (WWV) receipt and breast and cervical cancer screening overall and over several time periods. There was an increase in the prevalence of receiving a WWV for Illinois women overall from 2012–2020. However, the overall adjusted prevalence difference was only significant for the 2020 versus 2015–2019 comparison and not for 2015–2019 versus 2012–2014. The COVID-19 pandemic was not associated with a decrease in the prevalence of mammogram use but was manifest for cervical cancer screening, particularly for Black women. Finally, those reporting having a WWV in the past year had a significantly higher prevalence of being up to date with screening compared with those not reporting a WWV.
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Hatcher, K. M., R. L. Smith, Z. Li, J. A. Flaws, C. R. Davies, and M. M. Mahoney. "0343 Associations of Endogenous Hormones and Phthalate Exposure with Subjective and Objective Sleep Measures in Midlife Women." Sleep 43, Supplement_1 (April 2020): A130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsaa056.340.
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Abstract Introduction Impaired sleep during the menopausal transition reduces quality of life and increases risk of multiple diseases. The changing hormonal milieu during midlife is associated with impaired sleep. Endocrine disrupting chemicals, such as phthalates, may also contribute to the increased prevalence of sleep disturbances in midlife women. Phthalates are known to impact the endogenous hormones associated with sleep. However, the link between phthalate exposure and sleep quality remains unexplored. Methods We recruited 26 midlife women (median age 50 years) through the Carle Regional Sleep Disorders Center in Urbana, Illinois. Subjective sleep was assessed through the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Epworth Sleepiness Scale, and self-reported frequency of sleep disturbances, insomnia, and restless sleep. Objective sleep was measured using actigraphy and manual sleep logs (7-day average). Serum levels of follicle-stimulating hormone, estradiol, progesterone, testosterone, free estradiol, and free testosterone were quantified using ELISAs from a single sample from each participant. Phthalate metabolites were quantified from urine using high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). Covariates, including depression, hot flashes, quality of life, demographics, and lifestyle factors, were measured via surveys. Results Preliminary unadjusted logistic regression was used to determine the association between hormone values and subjective sleep quality binomial variables, including daytime sleepiness, sleep efficiency, sleep onset latency, sleep duration, number of sleep disturbances, and frequency of sleep disturbances. Each of these subjective sleep measures is significantly associated with one or more hormones. Conclusion Our results are consistent with literature identifying associations between hormones and subjective sleep in midlife women. Additional analyses will determine associations between hormones and objective sleep, and phthalates with both subjective and objective sleep measures. Excitingly, our study will be among the first to investigate the association between endocrine disruption and sleep quality in this population. Support Carle Illinois Seed Grant Program
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Lange, Elizabeth M. S., Scott Segal, Carlo Pancaro, Cynthia A. Wong, William A. Grobman, Gregory B. Russell, and Paloma Toledo. "Association between Intrapartum Magnesium Administration and the Incidence of Maternal Fever." Anesthesiology 127, no. 6 (December 1, 2017): 942–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aln.0000000000001872.
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Abstract Background Intrapartum maternal fever is associated with several adverse neonatal outcomes. Intrapartum fever can be infectious or inflammatory in etiology. Increases in interleukin 6 and other inflammatory markers are associated with maternal fever. Magnesium has been shown to attenuate interleukin 6–mediated fever in animal models. We hypothesized that parturients exposed to intrapartum magnesium would have a lower incidence of fever than nonexposed parturients. Methods In this study, electronic medical record data from all deliveries at Northwestern Memorial Hospital (Chicago, Illinois) between 2007 and 2014 were evaluated. The primary outcome was intrapartum fever (temperature at or higher than 38.0°C). Factors associated with the development of maternal fever were evaluated using a multivariable logistic regression model. Propensity score matching was used to reduce potential bias from nonrandom selection of magnesium administration. Results Of the 58,541 women who met inclusion criteria, 5,924 (10.1%) developed intrapartum fever. Febrile parturients were more likely to be nulliparous, have used neuraxial analgesia, and have been delivered via cesarean section. The incidence of fever was lower in women exposed to magnesium (6.0%) than those who were not (10.2%). In multivariable logistic regression, women exposed to magnesium were less likely to develop a fever (adjusted odds ratio = 0.42 [95% CI, 0.31 to 0.58]). After propensity matching (N = 959 per group), the odds ratio of developing fever was lower in women who received magnesium therapy (odds ratio = 0.68 [95% CI, 0.48 to 0.98]). Conclusions Magnesium may play a protective role against the development of intrapartum fever. Future work should further explore the association between magnesium dosing and the incidence of maternal fever.
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Subak, Erdem, Kaan Kaya, Şaban O. Viga, Muhammed H. Ocak, Ceren Ağaoğlu, and Aslı Bekiroğlu. "Association between body composition, physical activity level and Illinois agility test performance in young males and females." Physical education of students 26, no. 4 (August 31, 2022): 180–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.15561/20755279.2022.0403.
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Background and Study Aim. Agility performance, which is a skill related to fast change of direction, explosiveness, and quickness, is a vital performance component for team sports. Illuminating factors that affect agility is substantial to understand the ability requirements and improve. This study aims to investigate correlations of the body analyze parameters and agility performance.
Material and Methods. One hundred twenty three young participants (93 male, 30 female) were included in this research. Height, weight, fat (%), fat (kg), fat-free mass (FFM), muscle mass, total body water (TBW, kg, and %), bone mass, basal metabolic rate (BMR), metabolic age, visceral rating, and body mass index (BMI) measured for all participants. Illinois Agility Test (IAT) was used to analyze agility performance. A questionnaire including questions about the physical activity level of participants was applied to all participants after IAT.
Results. Results showed that height was a dominant determinant of IAT performance. There were significant positive correlations between height (negative correlation in women), body weight, fat percentage, fat mass, and visceral rating level (p < 0.05). TBW (%) had a negative relation with IAT duration (p < 0.001). There was a statistically significant difference in terms of IAT between the participants who stated their physical activity levels as low, medium and high (p = 0.025*). Increased daily physical activity level and daily step count increased the agility performance (p < 0.05).
Conclusions. Coaches and athletes should be considered especially body weight, fat (%), hydration status, and daily physical activity level to improve agility performance.
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Osibogun, Olatokunbo, Oluseye Ogunmoroti, Martin Tibuakuu, Eve-Marie Benson, and Erin D. Michos. "Sex differences in the association between ideal cardiovascular health and biomarkers of cardiovascular disease among adults in the United States: a cross-sectional analysis from the multiethnic study of atherosclerosis." BMJ Open 9, no. 11 (November 2019): e031414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-031414.
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ObjectivesThis study investigated the sex differences in the associations between ideal cardiovascular health (CVH), measured by the American Heart Association’s Life’s Simple 7 metrics, and cardiovascular disease (CVD)-related biomarkers among an ethnically diverse cohort of women and men free of clinical CVD at baseline.SettingWe analysed data from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis conducted in six centres across the USA (Baltimore, Maryland; Chicago, Illinois; Forsyth County, North Carolina; Los Angeles, California; New York, New York; and St Paul, Minnesota).ParticipantsThis is a cross-sectional study of 5379 women and men, aged 45–84 years old. Mean age (SD) was 62 (10), 52% were women, 38% White, 11% Chinese American, 28% Black and 23% Hispanic.Primary measuresThe seven metrics (smoking, body mass index, physical activity, diet, total cholesterol, blood pressure and blood glucose) were each scored as 0 points (poor), 1 point (intermediate) or 2 points (ideal). The total CVH score ranged from 0 to 14. The CVD-related biomarkers studied were high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, D-dimer, fibrinogen, homocysteine, high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T, N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and interleukin 6. We examined the association between the CVH score and each biomarker using multivariable linear regression, adjusting for age, race/ethnicity, education, income and health insurance status.ResultsHigher CVH scores were associated with lower concentrations of all biomarkers, except for NT-proBNP where we found a direct association. There were statistically significant interactions by sex for all biomarkers (p<0.001), but results were qualitatively similar between women and men.ConclusionA more favourable CVH score was associated with lower levels of multiple CVD-related biomarkers for women and men, except for NT-proBNP. These data suggest that promotion of ideal CVH would have similarly favourable impact on the reduction of biomarkers of CVD risk for both women and men.
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Jacobs, Ira A., C. K. Chang, and George I. Salti. "Coexistence of Pregnancy and Cancer." American Surgeon 70, no. 11 (November 2004): 1025–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000313480407001120.
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The purpose of this study was to review patients with cancer during pregnancy, the effectiveness of the available methods of treatment, and their prognosis. A retrospective chart review was conducted of all women diagnosed with pregnancy-associated cancer between 1974 and 2002 at the University of Illinois at Chicago Medical Center. The demographics, clinical presentation, time and mode of diagnosis, treatment, pregnancy outcome, and maternal survival were noted. The incidence of carcinoma in pregnancy in the series was 0.32/1000 deliveries. The age ranged from 16 to 41 years (mean 30.5 years). No patient underwent a therapeutic abortion, and all patients delivered a healthy infant with no malformations. Metastases developed in three patients with median time of 44 months (range 13–96 months) to presentation of metastases from the time of initial diagnosis. Association of cancer with pregnancy is a rare occurrence. Rates of specific cancers in pregnant and nonpregnant women appear to be equivalent. Pregnant women with cancer are often diagnosed at a later stage compared to their nonpregnant counterparts. Though the cancer may be diagnosed at a more advanced stage, pregnant patients with cancer do not appear to have a more aggressive clinical course.
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Archer, SL, JE Hilner, AR Dyer, KJ Greenlund, LA Colangelo, CI Kiefe, and K. Liu. "Association of education with dietary intake among young adults in the bi-ethnic Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) cohort." Public Health Nutrition 6, no. 7 (October 2003): 689–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/phn2003488.
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AbstractObjective:To examine associations of changes in dietary intake with education in young black and white men and women.Design:The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study, a multi-centre population-based prospective study. Dietary intake data at baseline and year 7 were obtained from an extensive nutritionist-administered diet history questionnaire with 700 items developed for CARDIA.Setting:Participants were recruited in 1985–1986 from four sites: Birmingham, Alabama; Chicago, Illinois; Minneapolis, Minnesota; and Oakland, California.Subjects:Participants were from a general community sample of 703 black men (BM), 1006 black women (BW), 963 white men (WM) and 1054 white women (WW) who were aged 18–30 years at baseline. Analyses here include data for baseline (1985–1986) and year 7 (1992–1993).Results:Most changes in dietary intake were observed among those with high education (≥ 12 years) at both examinations. There was a significant decrease in intake of energy from saturated fat and cholesterol and a significant increase in energy from starch for each race-gender group (P < 0.001). Regardless of education, taste was considered an important influence on food choice.Conclusion:The inverse relationship of education with changes in saturated fat and cholesterol intakes suggests that national public health campaigns may have a greater impact among those with more education.
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Chen, Binli, Xiying Wang, and Yutong Gao. "Does Friend Support Matter? The Association between Gender Role Attitudes and School Bullying among Male Adolescents in China." Children 9, no. 8 (July 29, 2022): 1139. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children9081139.
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This study investigated the association between gender role attitudes, perceived friend support, and school bullying among male adolescents from 11 schools in two cities in China. A total of 3172 Chinese adolescents between 12 and 20 years of age (48.80% girls and 51.20% boys) completed questionnaires that included measures of bullying, gender role attitudes, and perceived social support. In terms of outcome measures, the Chinese version of the Illinois Bully Scale (IBS), Attitudes toward Women Scale for Adolescents (AWSA), and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) were used to assess bullying perpetration, gender role attitudes, and perceived friend support, respectively. Based on masculinity theories and the stress-buffering theory, the study found that male adolescents held more traditional gender role attitudes (t = 30.78, p < 0.001) and reported higher prevalence of bullying behaviors (36.02%) than girls (31.20%). In addition, boys’ bullying behaviors were significantly predicted by gender role attitudes through perceived friend support. That is, male youth with more conservative gender role attitudes reported less perceived friend support (adjusted OR = 1.055; SE = 0.013), which elevated their risks of bullying perpetration (adjusted OR = 2.082; SE = 0.302). These findings have critical implications for bullying intervention and prevention through gender equity education.
Books on the topic "Association of Universalist Women of Illinois"
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Mary, Junge, ed. 100 years of liberation: Association of Universalist Women, Minneapolis, 1905-2005. Saint Paul, Minn: Ytterli Press, 2005.
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Folsom, Ida M. A brief history of the work of Universalist women, 1869 to 1955. Edited by Spencer Ellen. Boston: Unitarian Universalist Women's Federation, 1993.
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Adelman, Charlotte. WBAI 75: The first 75 years. Paducah, Ky: Turner Pub. Co., 1992.
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Collins, Gail. Writing Re-Creatively: A Spiritual Quest for Women. Skinner House Books, 1994.
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Feminization of the clergy in America: Occupational and organizational perspectives. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997.
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Caldwell, Kia Lilly. Black Women’s Health Activism and the Development of Intersectional Health Policy. University of Illinois Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252040986.003.0003.
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This chapter examines black women health activists’ contributions to an intersectional reconceptualization of health that links gender health equity and racial health equity. The analysis explores the development of black women’s organizations in Brazil and their advocacy and policy work related to reproductive health, female sterilization, and HIV/AIDS. The analysis also focuses on black women’s local, national, and transnational activism, particularly related to the 2001 World Conference Against Racism. The chapter argues that black women’s efforts to promote the development of non-universalist health policies underscores the importance of activists, scholars, and the Brazilian state reconceptualizing health disparities in ways that acknowledge the interrelationship among racial, gender, and socio-economic inequalities.
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Fousekis, Natalie M. “We Need to Stand Together”. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252036255.003.0005.
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This chapter focuses on two women leaders, Theresa Mahler and Mary Young, and describes how they helped the coalition navigate female networks, create alliances with men inside and outside the legislature, and finally secure a permanent public child care program, even if only for California's low-income working mothers. As legislative chair for the Northern California Association for Nursery Education (NCANE), Mahler served as the key spokeswoman for nursery school educators and child care supervisors throughout the postwar struggles to secure permanent, publicly funded child care. A soft-spoken, unassuming woman who became president and later legislative chairman of the California Parents' Association for Child Care (CPACC), Young spoke on behalf of California's low-income working families, particularly single mothers.
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Ramey, Jessie B. Institutionalizing Orphans. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252036903.003.0002.
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This chapter discusses how almost every historical account of the founding of the United Presbyterian Orphan's Home (UPOH) begins by paying homage to Rev. James Fulton, the young pastor of the Fourth United Presbyterian Church of Allegheny. While Fulton was a central figure in the founding of the United Presbyterian Women's Association of North America (UPWANA), he was not alone; dozens of women set to work establishing the orphanage. Similarly, founding stories often credit Rev. Fulton with inspiring another group of religious women, the Women's Christian Association (WCA), with starting the Home for Colored Children (HCC) in 1880. Nevertheless, it was women who played the crucial role in founding and managing these “sister” orphanages. The women's religious and social motivations shaped the institutions as they developed during their first fifty years.
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Goodier, Susan. Using Enfranchisement to Fight Woman Suffrage, 1917–1932. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252037474.003.0006.
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This chapter tells of the expected end of the anti-suffrage movement, highlighting much of the public and residual animosity toward women's enfranchisement. The women antis restructured the New York State Association Opposed to Woman Suffrage as the Women Voters' Anti-Suffrage Party and worked against a federal amendment. The Woman Patriot Publishing Company absorbed the National Association Opposed to Woman Suffrage. Although New York State anti-suffragists had always been influential in national level work, in 1917, with a change in leadership, they moved the national headquarters to Washington, D.C., and continued their efforts to prevent the passage of the federal amendment. Men increasingly dominated the movement, and the anti-suffrage tone became desperate-sounding and even venomous. The national movement operated in a far different mode from the previous women's anti-suffrage movement under its second president, Alice Hay Wadsworth, and her successor, Mary G. Kilbreth.
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Timmermann, Marybeth, trans. Beauvoir’s Deposition at the Bobigny Trial. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252039003.003.0028.
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(The witness is sworn in.)MS. HALIMI:Ms. de Beauvoir is a character witness. She knows Ms. Chevalier.SIMONE DE BEAUVOIR:Ms. Chevalier is a member of the Choisir [To Choose] Association, of which I am president.MS. H.:I would like to ask Ms. de Beauvoir why this law is above all a law that oppresses women?...
Book chapters on the topic "Association of Universalist Women of Illinois"
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Hendricks, Wanda A. "“Women Are Awakening”." In The Life of Madie Hall Xuma, 54–74. University of Illinois Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252044564.003.0004.
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Social reform organizations like Young Women’s Christian Association (YWCA) had rooted themselves in Winston-Salem in the first decade of the twentieth century to mobilize and harness white women’s voluntary work and by the end of the second decade solidified a place among Black female activists. Chapter 3 demonstrates how the gendered face of Jim Crow shaped the entre of Black female reform activists like Madie Hall into voluntary social reform organizational culture. It also illustrates the ways in which Black activist women like her utilized the relationships cultivated with prominent white female activists to advance agendas in their own segregated female organizations and expand their role in the public sphere.
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David, Emmanuel. "Going National." In Women of the Storm. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252041266.003.0013.
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This chapter documents Women of the Storm’s efforts to expand its membership base by partnering with national-level women’s organizations, including the Association of Junior Leagues International, the National Council of Jewish Women, The Links, and the Women’s Initiative of the United Way. The chapter examines the rationale for organizational expansion and the reasons for claiming a broader constituency. The chapter also focuses on group continuities, including the ongoing efforts by members like Lindy Boggs to use their power and influence to convince lawmakers to accept the invitation to visit.
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Freeman, Tyrone McKinley. "Activism." In Madam C. J. Walker's Gospel of Giving, 105–42. University of Illinois Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252043451.003.0005.
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Chapter 4 discusses Walker’s gift of political and social activism and her leveraging of the number and voices of her agents to challenge Jim Crow. In a manner reflective of leading black women’s clubs and fraternal organizations of the day, Madam Walker organized her sales agents into local clubs and a national umbrella association to legitimize beauty culture as a profession, strengthen relations between them, and enlist them in doing charity and advocacy work in their communities that would last long after her death. The National Beauty Culturists’ and Benevolent Association of Madam C. J. Walker Agents, Inc., developed a model of associationalism, ritualism, and activism that galvanized Walker agents to serve their communities and the cause of racial uplift. Through it, agents regularly donated money to black schools and other organizations, held fundraising events, organized programs, and cared for the vulnerable in their communities. Together, they sent a resolution to President Woodrow Wilson demanding legislative action against lynching. The chapter reviews Walker’s unique ability to interact with black women across class differences, as exhibited by her engagement of working-class women in her agent clubs and the elite black women of the era through the National Association of Colored Women (NACW). Through these clubs and their rituals, Walker agents staked claims for themselves as respectable professionals, performed charitable works in black communities, and used their formidable numbers to speak out against lynching and Jim Crow.
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Ruth, Greg. "Women’s Professional Tennis in the Early Open Era." In Tennis, 217–36. University of Illinois Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252043895.003.0013.
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This chapter discusses the ways three important women shaped professional tennis leading up to and into the first decade of Open Tennis. Gladys Heldman published World Tennis, the leading tennis periodical of the time, and helped popularize both professional tennis and professional women players. Heldman also helped found the women’s professional tour by offering players contracts and tournament scheduling before stepping aside to allow for the well-funded and hugely popular Virginia Slims Tour. Billie Jean King came to lead the women professionals in the newly formed player’s union called the Women’s Tennis Association. That organization faced a major challenge when considering whether or not Renée Richards should be allowed to play women’s tennis tournaments.
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Russell, Catherine. "Gambling Ladies." In The Cinema of Barbara Stanwyck, 80–90. University of Illinois Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252045042.003.0008.
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Stanwyck’s characters gamble in many films, and this chapter looks at two of them: Gambling Lady (1934) and The Lady Gambles (1949). While the first is a pre-Code example of the New Woman’s social climbing through hard work and virtue on the fringes of society, the second is an exemplary social problem film in which the gambling woman is pathologized. The saloon girl is also analyzed as an exemplary female gambler in Hollywood and a key mode of empowerment for women in the western genre. Stanwyck’s affinity for gambling women is analyzed through Walter Benjamin’s association of gambling with play, innervation, and spontaneity within the Hollywood economy of spectacle.
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Bell, Melanie. "Organizing Work." In Movie Workers, 17–64. University of Illinois Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252043871.003.0002.
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This chapter begins by outlining the general contours of the British film industry. It sketches out the historical emergence of the industry's leading trade union, the Association of Cine-Technicians (ACT), before analyzing its evolution and how it favored men and their work at the expense of women in the workforce. The chapter then describes the chief characteristics of the ACT's membership records. Finally, the chapter presents an analysis of the women granted membership of the ACT for the six decades between 1930 and 1989. This discussion is structured into six main categories: Floor; Research, Development, and Publicity; Art and Effects; Camera, Sound and Stills; Cartoon and Diagram; and Postproduction. The analysis highlights the patterns of discrimination and opportunity for women in the context of technological and market shifts and trade union changes across the era.
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Jabour, Anya. "Defining Equality." In Sophonisba Breckinridge, 142–68. University of Illinois Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252042676.003.0007.
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Chapter 6 explores the “equality versus difference” debate--a defining feature of feminism in modern America--through the lens of Breckinridge’s work in both the national suffrage organization, the National American Woman Suffrage Association, and its successor organization, the League of Women Voters. By exploring Breckinridge’s work with national feminist organizations during and after the suffrage struggle, this chapter highlights both women’s continuous activism and their ideological differences, especially their debate over the Equal Rights Amendment and so-called “protective legislation.”
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McClearen, Jennifer. "The Fight for Labor Equity." In Fighting Visibility, 135–60. University of Illinois Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252043734.003.0006.
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Chapter 5 delves into the unionization efforts by former UFC fighter Leslie Smith and the fighters’ association she cofounded, Project Spearhead. Smith has legally challenged the UFC’s classification of fighters as underpaid independent contractors--a classification that makes these athletes a relatively inexpensive and expendable investment for the UFC. The chapter considers potential solutions for gendered labor inequity in sports media by centering political visibility as a viable avenue for illuminating labor inequalities and improving workers’ rights within the UFC. While a union might benefit all fighters, those who stand to gain the most from a fighters’ union are White women and women of color because historically the most disenfranchised identities recuperate the most rights when unions collectively advocate for the equal treatment of all workers.
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Correia Castro Bastos, Felipe Barradas. "Ethnicity, Migrant Labor, and Anticolonialism." In Global Labor Migration: New Directions, 79–96. University of Illinois Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252044700.003.0005.
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This chapter assesses a portion of the heterogeneous Mozambican Makonde community engaged in the British colonial economy as rural workers, especially those who worked in the sisal industry in Tanganyika, contemporary Tanzanian mainland. The objectives of the chapter are to flesh out historical contexts pertaining to colonialism, commodity production, and migrant labor in twentieth-century East Africa, specifically the political mobilization of Makonde migrant workers, to posit that labor migration across different colonial territories had a significant imprint on the creation of anticolonial organizations across East Africa. The analysis focuses on the Wamakonde Association of Tanganyika—an association of Makonde migrant sisal workers whose leaders convened a momentous demonstration that was massacred by the Portuguese in the Makonde heartland in June 1960—to highlight how the associative experiences of Mozambican Makonde men and women who undertook labor migration to Tanganyika were an instrumental ingredient in the making of anticolonial activism in East Africa in the mid-twentieth century.
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Bell, Melanie. "Introduction Women’s Work in Film Production." In Movie Workers, 1–16. University of Illinois Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252043871.003.0001.
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This introductory chapter provides an overview of the work done by women in film production in the twentieth century. One of the common misunderstandings of women in film production is that after the pioneering days of early cinema — when women directed and headed up their own production companies — they contributed little of substance to film production until the feminist developments of the 1970s. This book challenges that view as too limiting and instead offers a fresh assessment of women and their work in the British film industry in the decades following the introduction of sound. It focuses on the six decades between 1930 and 1989, when employment in the film industry was tightly regulated by the Association of Cine-Technicians (ACT), the country's leading film union. Mapping women's work by decade, and in fiction and nonfiction filmmaking, the book examines women's economic and creative contribution to film production in the many “below-the-line” roles in which they were typically employed. It also highlights new lines of inquiry in the relationship between women and cultural production, reflects on issues of gender and creativity, and opens up fundamental questions about how we write film history.