Journal articles on the topic 'Association for the Advancement of the Medical Education of Women'
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Lipscomb, Mary F., David N. Bailey, Lydia P. Howell, Rebecca Johnson, Nancy Joste, Debra G. B. Leonard, Priscilla Markwood, et al. "Women in Academic Pathology: Pathways to Department Chair." Academic Pathology 8 (January 1, 2021): 237428952110103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23742895211010322.
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The Association of Pathology Chairs, an organization of American and Canadian academic pathology departments, has a record percent of women department chairs in its ranks (31%), although still not representative of the percent of women pathology faculty (43%). These women chairs were surveyed to determine what had impeded and what had facilitated their academic advancement before becoming chairs. The 2 most frequently identified impediments to their career advancement were heavy clinical loads and the lack of time, training, and/or funding to pursue research. Related to the second impediment, only one respondent became chair of a department which was in a top 25 National Institutes of Health–sponsored research medical school. Eighty-nine percent of respondents said that they had experienced gender bias during their careers in pathology, and 31% identified gender bias as an important impediment to advancement. The top facilitator of career advancement before becoming chairs was a supportive family. Strikingly, 98% of respondents have a spouse or partner, 75% have children, and 38% had children younger than 18 when becoming chairs. Additional top facilitators were opportunities to attend national meetings and opportunities to participate in leadership. Previous leadership experiences included directing a clinical service, a residency training program, and/or a medical student education program. These results suggest important ways to increase the success of women in academic pathology and increasing the percent of women department chairs, including supporting a family life and providing time, encouragement and resources for research, attending national meetings, and taking on departmental leadership positions.
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Robbins, R., M. D. Weaver, L. K. Barger, S. F. Quan, S. Zhivotovsky, and C. A. Czeisler. "0251 Association Between Sleep Disruption and Workplace Productivity: The Hidden Cost of Caregiving." Sleep 43, Supplement_1 (April 2020): A96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsaa056.249.
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Abstract Introduction Caregiving for older spouses or family members is common with an aging population. The responsibilities caregivers maintain can disrupt sleep, which may present workplace productivity consequences. We sought to test whether caregiving-related sleep disturbance was associated with workplace productivity among adults caring for older spouses and family members. Methods Cross-sectional analysis of the 2011 National Study of Caregiving dataset was conducted. The dataset is comprised of family members and unpaid caregivers to older adults in the U.S. (age 65 and above) receiving assistance with self-care, mobility, or household activities. Caregivers reported the frequency of sleep disturbance (“In the last month, how often did caregiving cause your sleep to be interrupted”) from 0 (“never” or “rarely”) to 1 (“some nights”) and 2 (“most nights” or “every night”). Workplace measures included: 1) presenteeism, or the degree to which caregiving affected productivity at work, measured from 1 “not at all” to 10 “very much”; 2) absenteeism, or the proportion of hours missed from work due to caregiving to total hours worked, and 3) productivity loss, or the sum of absenteeism and presenteeism. Generalized linear models examined the relationship between workplace productivity and sleep disturbance, while controlling for relevant covariates, including age, income, education, and self-reported health. Results Participants comprised 2,007 caregivers. Mean (SD) age was 63.5 (12.9), and 66.4% of the participants were women (n=1,334). The most common relationship to the older adult was daughter (n=704, 35.1%), followed by spouse/partner (n=422,21.0%), and son (n=310,15.5%). Compared to no “rarely” or “never” experiencing sleep disruption, reporting disruption “most nights” or “every night” was associated with presenteeism (OR=1.2, 95%CI:1.1–1.2), absenteeism (OR=1.1, 95%CI: 1.0–1.1), and total productivity loss (OR=1.22, 95%CI: 1.1 to 1.3). Conclusion Caregiving-related sleep disruption is a risk factor for workplace productivity losses, hindering caregivers from professional advancement and further degrading their caregiver capacity. Future study of means for improving sleep among caregivers is warranted. Support T32HL007901
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Sallam, Malik, Kholoud Al-Mahzoum, Huda Eid, Areej M. Assaf, Maram Abdaljaleel, Mousa Al-Abbadi, and Azmi Mahafzah. "Attitude towards HPV Vaccination and the Intention to Get Vaccinated among Female University Students in Health Schools in Jordan." Vaccines 9, no. 12 (December 3, 2021): 1432. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9121432.
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Cervical cancer is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in women worldwide. The availability of prophylactic vaccines for high-risk types of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection represents an important advancement in the prevention of cervical cancer. In Jordan, the availability of the HPV vaccination is restricted to individuals who are willing to pay. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the willingness and attitude of female university students in health schools/faculties in Jordan to get HPV vaccination and their knowledge about the virus. A self-administered online questionnaire was distributed in October 2021, which comprised 27 items to evaluate HPV knowledge, history of HPV vaccination, intentions to get the HPV vaccine, and the reason(s) behind vaccine refusal for those who rejected vaccination. The study sample comprised 836 participants: medical students (39.7%), pharmacy students (26.0%), dental students (21.2%), and nursing students (13.2%). Only 524 participants had heard of HPV prior to the study (62.7%), of which 48.7% knew about the availability of HPV vaccines. The lowest level of HPV knowledge was observed among nursing students. Only 19/524 students reported a history of HPV vaccination (3.6%). The overall willingness to receive HPV vaccination if provided freely was 75.0%, while only 16.0% were willing to pay for the vaccine. The most common reason for HPV vaccine rejection was the perceived low risk to get HPV infection. Significantly higher intentions to get HPV vaccination were found among older participants and medical students. The embrace of vaccine conspiracy beliefs was associated with a significantly less willingness to get the HPV vaccination (p < 0.001). Dependence on the internet/social media as the source of HPV knowledge was associated with a significantly lower intention to get HPV vaccination (p = 0.002). The coverage of the HPV vaccination among female university students in health schools in Jordan appeared extremely low; however, three-fourths of the students who had heard of HPV were willing to receive the HPV vaccination if provided freely. Complacency appeared as a major factor for HPV vaccine rejection. Increasing the levels of knowledge and awareness of HPV infection and its association with cervical cancer through reliable sources is recommended. This can be helpful for the individual benefit of the students besides the potentially positive role they can play in community education. Countering vaccine conspiracy beliefs with proper education and awareness programs can be helpful to appraise the role of HPV vaccines in cancer prevention.
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Devi, N. Nomika, and Nongmeikapam Premika Devi. "Comparative Study Of Working Conditions Of Elementary School Teachers Under Different Management In Manipur." Thematics Journal of Geography 8, no. 9 (September 2, 2019): 31–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.26643/tjg.v8i9.8099.
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Teachers are required not only to impart knowledge in various subjects, they have also to develop the whole personality of the child-body, mind and spirit. The most important equipment of a teacher is his back ground of education and training. A teacher must represent a running stream and not a stagnant pool. The teaching community constitutes a very large segment of employees in Manipur. Both from the point of view of their number and their dispersal all over the state, they distributed a significant service under the state. According to National Policy on Educaion (1992), the living and working conditions of teachers includes pay and allowances, career advancement, retirement and medical benefits, housing facilities, provision of study leave special provisions for women teachers, service conditions, postings and transfers, Teacher’s Welfare teachers’ participation and recruitments. The main objective is to study the working conditions of teachers f elementary schools with respect to management. Out of 600 teachers, 268 teachers were from 38 Elementary Government school, 122 teachers from 26 Elementary Aided schools and 210 teachers from 32 Elementary Private schools. It was found that 47.62% of private schools have pucca building while that of Government and Aided schools are 35.82% and 20.48% respectively. Lack of the minimum essential facilities in elementary schools exist in all three types of school in which Government schools are much lacking behind the other counter parts. School inspection on regular basis is found to be lacking in Government (48.88%) and Aided schools (49.18%). Private school teachers show highest in Heavy work-load(61.90%) and miscillenious work(20.95%). service conditions of Government teachers are in better position as compared to Aided and Private school teachers. The majority of Private school teachers reported that Salaries are paid in time as compared to other counter parts. service conditions of Government teachers are in better position as compared to Aided and Private school teachers. Parents-Teachers Association (PTA) are found to be highest in Government schools (67.21%) and lowest in Private schools (53.33%). It was found 73.50% of Government, 72.89% of Aided and 43.33% of Private school teachers do not have computer knowledge.
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Donev, Doncho. "Macedonian Medical Association – Seventy Years from Its Establishment, 1945-2015." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 4, no. 4 (November 29, 2016): 733–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2016.105.
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AIM: To present the phases of development and activities over the 70-year period of existence and work of the Macedonian Medical Association, from its establishment in 1945 to 2015.METHODS: A retrospective study based on available archive materials, encyclopaedias and other sources of information and reviews of the relevant literature, and personal experiences and observations of the author.RESULTS: Macedonian Medical Association was established on August 12, 1945, with science and health educational mission and program. Dr Boris Spirov was elected as the first president of the Association, one of the main initiators and facilitators of activities in health care sector, including the establishment of the Faculty of Medicine in Skopje in March 1947. Over the past 70 years, the Association is the main carrier and has a key role and contribution in continuing medical education, vocational and scientific advancement of medical staff and improvement the dignity and reputation of the medical profession. The journal of the Association Macedonian Medical Review has contributed to spreading and advancement of knowledge and skills of modern medicine, as well as presenting professional and scientific achievements of physicians in the past 70 years. Macedonian Medical Association is a member of the World Medical Association and many other international associations and organisations contributing to international collaboration in education and science and promoting the Republic of Macedonia in Europe and worldwide.CONCLUSION:Macedonian Medical Association over the 70-year period of its existence has been one of the pillars and lighthouse in the healthcare system in the Republic of Macedonia with great contribution to the advancement of medical and related sciences and continuing medical education, strengthening of health services and health care for the population and overall socio-economic development of the Republic of Macedonia during the past 70 years.
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Farooq, Zainab, and Noor Zehra Shabbir. "Challenges faced by women in Medical Education and Trainings." Annals of King Edward Medical University 29, Spl3 (January 16, 2024): 216–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.21649/akemu.v29ispl3.5589.
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The development of a nation's health care system depends heavily on medical education and training. Like many other places in the world, Pakistan has historically had a male-dominated medical profession. But the number of women choosing jobs in medicine has increased commendably in recent years. Despite this encouraging development, Pakistani women still encounter many obstacles throughout their pursuit of medical education and training, which may impede their ability to advance professionally and make a contribution to the healthcare industry. Globally, female healthcare employees still have a lot of obstacles to overcome at work, including gender inequality, weak human resource policy, and family responsibilities that limit their ability to advance professionally. Work-family harmony has been cited in many nations as a substantial roadblock to career progress.
In addition to unequal compensation, bad working conditions, little prospects for career advancement, work-related stress, and unfavourable policies that support patriarchy, women in the health sciences also confront issues connected to poor work environments. And in our paper, this issue will be underlined.[1]
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P, Vijayakumar. "Tamizh Maathu Ko Swappaneshwari Ambal." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, SPL 2 (February 28, 2022): 160–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt22s225.
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Tamil Maadhu Swapneswari Ambal was a pioneer of feminism who had been doing various works for the advancement of women in the early twentieth century. He was the editor of Tamil Maadhu (1905). Thereby striving for the advancement of women. Born in 1846, he was heavily involved in the work of Iyothee Thass Pandit, a pioneer of the Buddhist renaissance. Pandit Rayapettai also attended the Sunday evening sermon at the Buddhist Association and delivered a sermon. He was presented with a section in the Tamil magazine 'Pengal Patthi' which was reserved for women. He wrote a series of short articles on a number of topics. After the demise of the Pandit, he converted to Buddhism and continued to practice Buddhism. Thus, he is identified by the Buddhists as 'Maha Upasaki'. She has run many organizations for the advancement of women, including the 'Women's Education Development Association' and the 'Widow Care Monastery' for widows. He put forward the idea that women who have lost their husbands should come forward to remarry without being paralyzed at home. He was keen to realize that women are enslaved by ignorance and to become rational thinkers. He protested against child marriages taking place at that time. He said that women in family life should not be dependent on others but should be meant to help others. Thus, she has been a voice for the advancement of women on many levels. Swapnaneswari Ambal. Today's Tamil world should know and praise her extensive social work and women's liberation work
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KRZYŻANOWSKA, MONIKA. "INTER-GENERATIONAL EDUCATIONAL ADVANCEMENT AND BODY HEIGHT." Journal of Biosocial Science 39, no. 3 (May 2007): 321–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932006001672.
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Summary.This study investigates the association between body height and inter-generational social advancement through education. Questionnaire data were collected from 2800 students (1023 men and 1777 women) from the universities of Wrocław, Poland. The questions referred to three generations: the students and their parents and grandparents. Information was collected on the age, body height and weight of the students and their parents, and on the parents’ and grandparents’ education. The lowest body heights were typically found for individuals from families with the lowest educational levels, whereas the greatest body heights were found for those brought up in families with a high educational status or in families who had upgraded their status. The size of the change in the educational level of parents is only associated with fathers’ and female students’ body height. Individuals who had advanced from a middle educational level or who came from families with this type of advancement were found to be significantly taller, on average, than those upgrading their educational level from the lowest position. The results show that, for men, educational advancement during the course of their lives or in the earlier generation is more favourable to achieving higher stature, whereas for women, the multi-generational tradition of a high educational status is of greater significance.
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Leboulleux, Lucie. "Maria Mitchell." Photoniques, no. 110 (October 2021): 28–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/photon/202111028.
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Maria Mitchell was a pioneer in many aspects: first observer of a comet with a telescope, she received the Gold Medal from the King of Denmark and became the first female astronomer and astronomy professor in the United States of America. But she also got involved in feminism, participating in the foundation of the Association for the Advancement of Women in 1873 as well as promoting the access to higher education for women and their inclusion in science.
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Macassa, Gloria, Cormac McGrath, Katarina Wijk, Mamunur Rashid, Anne-Sofie Hiswåls, and Joaquim Soares. "The Association between Fear of Crime, Educational Attainment, and Health." Epidemiologia 4, no. 2 (April 30, 2023): 148–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/epidemiologia4020016.
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Fear of crime is an important public health problem that impacts people’s quality of life, health, and wellbeing, and causes mental health ailments (e.g., anxiety). This study aimed to determine whether there was an association between fear of crime, educational attainment, and self-rated health and anxiety among women residing in a county in east-central Sweden. A sample (n = 3002) of women aged 18–84 years surveyed in the Health on Equal Terms survey carried out in 2018 was included in the study. Bivariate and multivariate regression analysis was performed on the relationship between the composite variables fear of crime, educational attainment, and self-rated health and anxiety. Women with primary education or similar who reported fear of crime had increased odds of poor health (odds ratio (OR) 3.17; 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.40–4.18) compared with women with primary education/similar and no fear of crime (OR 2.90; CI 1.90–3.20). A statistically significant relationship persisted in the multivariate analysis after controlling for other covariates, although the odds were reduced (OR 1.70; CI 1.14–2.53 and 1.73; CI 1.21–2.48, respectively). Similarly, in the bivariate analysis, women who reported fear of crime and who only had primary education had statistically significant odds of anxiety (OR 2.12; CI 1.64–2.74); the significance was removed, and the odds were reduced (OR 1.30; CI 0.93–1.82) after adjusting for demographic, socioeconomic, and health-related covariates. Women with only primary education or similar who reported fear of crime had higher odds of poor health and anxiety compared with those with university education or similar, with and without fear of crime. Future studies (including longitudinal ones) are warranted—on the one hand, to understand possible mechanisms of the relationship between educational attainment and fear of crime and its consequences to health, and on the other, to explore low-educated women’s own perceptions regarding factors underlining their fear of crime (qualitative studies).
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Araujo, Sabrina Magalhães, and Ricardo Cruz-Correia. "Incorporating Chatgpt In Medical Informatics Master's Education: understanding student perceptions and guiding experiential integration." Páginas a&b Arquivos & Bibliotecas, no. 21 (2024): 218–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.21747/21836671/pag21a12.
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ntegrating artificial intelligence (AI) technologies, such as ChatGPT, into the educational landscape has the potential to greatly enhance the learning experience in the field of Medical Informatics. This study aims to explore the perceptions of Master's students in Medical Informatics regarding the use of ChatGPT as a learning tool and provide guidance to professors for effectively incorporating ChatGPT in the "Health Information Systems and Electronic Health Records" course. By aligning with the recommendations of the International Medical Informatics Association (IMIA), this research aims to contribute to the advancement of AI education in the context of biomedical and health informatics.
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Suarez, A. D., L. A. Shraibman, and V. A. Yakupova. "Childbirth Education and Support During Labour: Association with Birth Satisfaction." Психологическая наука и образование 28, no. 2 (June 1, 2023): 70–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/pse.2023280206.
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<p>The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of antenatal education and individual labour support in the context of the actual experience of childbirth and its psychological perception. Types of antenatal education and individual labour support were analysed in relation to the childbirth experience (mode of delivery, number of medical interventions, obstetric violence, satisfaction with childbirth, physical well-being of women after childbirth). In February-March 2021, we conducted an online survey of 1645 mothers of infants aged 0-13 months. As a result, it was found that preparation for childbirth has no direct relationship with the mode of delivery, the woman's well-being after childbirth and the birth satisfaction. However, preparation for childbirth is associated with fewer medical interventions. Women who gave birth without individual support were less satisfied with their births, more likely to experience obstetric violence, more likely to give birth via caesarean section, with more medical interventions. Thus, support during labour is a safe way to improve the experience of childbirth and the quality of life for mothers in general.</p>
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Greil, Arthur L., Julia McQuillan, Karina M. Shreffler, Katherine M. Johnson, and Kathleen S. Slauson-Blevins. "Race-Ethnicity and Medical Services for Infertility." Journal of Health and Social Behavior 52, no. 4 (October 26, 2011): 493–509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022146511418236.
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Evidence of group differences in reproductive control and access to reproductive health care suggests the continued existence of “stratified reproduction” in the United States. Women of color are overrepresented among people with infertility but are underrepresented among those who receive medical services. The authors employ path analysis to uncover mechanisms accounting for these differences among black, Hispanic, Asian, and non-Hispanic white women using a probability-based sample of 2,162 U.S. women. Black and Hispanic women are less likely to receive services than other women. The enabling conditions of income, education, and private insurance partially mediate the relationship between race-ethnicity and receipt of services but do not fully account for the association at all levels of service. For black and Hispanic women, social cues, enabling conditions, and predisposing conditions contribute to disparities in receipt of services. Most of the association between race-ethnicity and service receipt is indirect rather than direct.
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Davidovitch, Nitza, and Eran Druckman. "UTILIZATION OF LEISURE TIME AND ACADEMIC CAREERS: A MULTIDISCIPLINARY GENDER PERSPECTIVE." Problems of Education in the 21st Century 75, no. 5 (October 25, 2017): 452–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.33225/pec/17.75.452.
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This research focuses on the advancement of women in academia from an interdisciplinary perspective. It examines the leisure activities of faculty from various departments from a gender-based point of view, with regard to the association between time devoted to research and teaching and time devoted to family and social life. In addition, other possible correlations between academic output (number of articles per year, number of conferences attended, research grants submitted, teaching feedback scores) and personal background data (marital status, size of family, age, country of birth, and ethnicity) were also explored. Many studies have dealt with the "glass ceiling" encountered by women in academia. The following case study is the first to explore performance measures of personnel at an academic institution in Israel from a gender perspective, in light of their leisure choices. The point of departure guiding the researchers was that the representation of women in academic personnel, including their research and teaching output, has a significance and influence on the system of higher education and, both in Israel and internationally. The research findings might help identify and develop interventions for utilization of time, with the goal of increasing academic output. Keywords: academic careers, academic output, gender perspective, leisure activities, social life.
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Aparicio, Alejandro, Humayun J. Chaudhry, Mark Staz, Frances Cain, William S. Mayo, Ann Karty, Sherry McAuliffe, and Delores Rodgers. "Supporting Physician Lifelong Learning Through Effective Continuing Medical Education and Professional Development." Journal of Medical Regulation 102, no. 1 (January 1, 2016): 7–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.30770/2572-1852-102.1.7.
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The medical profession has seen significant advancement in the availability of a variety of educational activities, across a range of formats and processes, to help physicians remain current and improve professional performance. The objectivity and quality of continuing medical education (CME) activities has been enhanced by the credit recognition systems of the American Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP), the American Medical Association (AMA), and the American Osteopathic Association (AOA). These credit systems also provide a metric for tracking compliance with a variety of regulatory requirements such as state medical licensure, hospital staff privileges, and health insurance plan participation, and are increasingly used as criteria for voluntarily obtaining and maintaining specialty certification and fulfilling requirements for membership in medical specialty societies. This article reviews the history of CME, the research that supports its value, and the opportunities that exist to address its challenges. It also explains how the Federation of State Medical Boards (FSMB) Maintenance of Licensure (MOL) framework incorporates and builds upon the research involving the effectiveness of CME for physician learning and improvement. Special focus is given to the CME credit systems and their features, the synergies among them, and the way in which various learning formats that can be certified for CME credit are aligned with the three recommended components of MOL.
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Ishikuro, Mami, Taku Obara, Keiko Murakami, Fumihiko Ueno, Aoi Noda, Tomomi Onuma, Fumiko Matsuzaki, et al. "Infertility Treatment and Hypertension in Pregnancy: The Tohoku Medical Megabank Project Birth and Three-Generation Cohort Study." Reproductive Medicine 4, no. 2 (April 18, 2023): 89–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/reprodmed4020010.
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Infertility treatment is a possible factor in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP). Identifying the characteristics of pregnant women who have undergone infertility treatment and have a potential risk for HDP is valuable for its prevention and treatment. Using data from 12,456 pregnant Japanese women from the Tohoku Medical Megabank Project Birth and Three-Generation Cohort Study, the association between infertility treatment and HDP was analyzed. A multiple logistic regression model showed an association between infertility treatment and HDP (odds ratio, 1.34; 95% confidence interval, 1.05–1.72). In vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection were also associated with HDP. Moreover, these associations were observed even among women who were not overweight and did not smoke. The application of infertility treatment should be carefully considered, even among women with low modifiable risk factors.
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Singh, Abhilasha. "Degendered leadership in the UAE: breaking the glass ceiling." International Journal of Educational Management 33, no. 6 (September 9, 2019): 1185–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijem-07-2018-0202.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate experiences of women working at managerial positions to develop a degendering of leadership. Design/methodology/approach The study was based on interview-based approach to investigate the work experience of a group of around 35 women from a total of 15 different institutions. Face-to-face and semi-structured interviews were conducted to study the leadership experiences within the organizations, unlike the positivist frame that make sense of their association to power structure. The results were analyzed through thematic analysis. Findings The results showed that the gender of a leader is inconsequential, where men and women are treated equally. The working-women at managerial posts have depicted high level productivity and performance in their work. The career advancement of women requires increased commitment and motivation. These factors are significant as they are likely to pose a significant impact on their ability to respond to the environmental influences. Originality/value These findings helped to understand the reasons regarding under-representation of women at managerial positions and gender segregation.
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Christofoletti, Marina, Anne Ribeiro Streb, and Giovani Firpo Del Duca. "Índice de Massa Corporal como preditor de multimorbidade na população brasileira." Brazilian Journal of Kinanthropometry and Human Performance 20, no. 6 (February 19, 2019): 555–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1980-0037.2018v20n6p555.
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Overweight is a health risk indicator, but little is known about its influence on the chronic non-communicable diseases (NCD) multimorbidity. The aim of this study was to identify the predictive values and sociodemographic factors associated with Body Mass Index (BMI) as a determinant of the occurrence of NCD multimorbidity in Brazilian men and women. Data from the “Surveillance of risk and protection factors for chronic diseases by telephone survey” - 2013 national survey were used. The population was composed of ≥18 year-old individuals and those living in house with a fixed telephone line in the 27 Brazilian’s capitals. The outcome variables were BMI and its respective predictive value for the occurrence of multimorbidity (≥2 NCDs). The exposure was age, marital status and educational level. Inferential statistics included the construction of Receiver Operating Characteristic curves (cutoff point defined by sensibility [Se] and specificity [Sp]) and the association by Poisson Regression, stratified by sex. The values with the best predictive capacity for multimorbidity were 26.7 kg/m² (Se = 60.9%, Sp = 60.2%) for men and 25.7 kg/m² (Se = 61.8%, Sp = 61.1%) for women. The predictive multimorbidity value followed the progress of age groups up to 55 to 64 years for both groups. Women with higher educational level showed an inverse association for the presence of the outcome. BMI can be considered a predictor of the occurrence of multimorbidity, and sociodemographic profile associated with this predictive value was advancement age and inversely associated with educational level in women.
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Fujitsubo, Lani C. "Developing and Enhancing Successful Intelligence in Introductory Psychology Students: An Interview with Robert J. Sternberg." Teaching of Psychology 25, no. 3 (July 1998): 227–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15328023top2503_19.
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Lani C. Fujitsubo (LCF) is an Associate Professor and the Director of Testing at Southern Oregon University. Her teaching interests are in General Psychology, Abnormal Psychology, Human Sexuality, Ethics, and Counseling. Her research has included cross-cultural issues within counseling and academia, celibacy and sexual choices among college students, and issues pertaining to women who have chosen to remain childless. Robert J. Sternberg (BJS) is a Professor of Psychology and Education at Yale University. He is a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science and was recognized by Science Digest as one of the 100 top young scientists in the United States. He is the recipient of numerous grants and awards and has written more than 500 articles and 40 books.
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Eghosa-Aimufua, Osa, Alicia Boam, Katie Louise Webb, and Julie Browne. "‘I felt forced to find an alternative’: a qualitative analysis of women medical educators’ narratives of career transitions." BMJ Open 12, no. 9 (September 2022): e059009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-059009.
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ObjectivesWhile institutional and systemic attempts to increase women’s participation in medical education have enabled increasing numbers to enter the field and achieve more senior positions, little is known about lived experiences of female clinical educators. Women clinicians are more likely to change careers and work less than full time. This study focuses on women medical educators’ narratives of career change, with the aim of exploring the interplay between factors affecting career decision-making, career trajectory and professional development. MethodsWe employed narrative enquiry approaches to two data sources (55 written accounts of turning points; 9 semistructured interviews reflecting on periods of career transition). Through analysing themes within each dataset before comparing and contrasting datasets simultaneously, we identified three areas of inconsistency and tension.ResultsParticipants reported feeling both drawn and pushed into medical education. Some respondents reported that they were compelled by circumstances to enter medical education. Participants’ narratives were ambiguous regarding personal and professional identities. Additionally, participants asserted their position as autonomous agents while acknowledging their powerlessness when encountering organisational, social and cultural expectations limiting the ability to make independent choices. Even where primary decisions to pursue medical education were positive and motivated by interest, subsequent disappointments and challenges led some participants to doubt their choices.ConclusionsCareer advancement in medical education may involve women taking significant personal or career sacrifices, partly due to the continued existence of a medical culture allowing men to dominate senior ranks. Women medical educators achieving satisfying senior roles in the field may harbour lingering regret and resentment at the personal and career costs.
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Weisenfeld, Leslie W., and Ida B. Robinson-Backmon. "Accounting Faculty Perceptions Regarding Diversity Issues and Academic Environment." Issues in Accounting Education 22, no. 3 (August 1, 2007): 429–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/iace.2007.22.3.429.
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Recently, the Association for the Advancement of Collegiate Schools of Business (AACSB) International began requiring a descriptive summary of strategies used to address and ensure diversity, particularly when determining an institution's eligibility for accreditation. As a result, business schools (accounting programs) will have to define diversity with respect to their missions and cultural contexts (demographic make-up). Therefore, this study's objective is to provide comparisons between majority and minority accounting faculty respondents regarding diversity issues and the current academic environment. Survey results indicate women (Caucasian) and minorities, more so than men (Caucasian), feel departments are not diverse with respect to gender and race, and cite under-representation in terms of tenure and higher ranks. The respondents' written comments note current problems with diversity initiatives related to reverse discrimination, “window dressing” rather than real commitment, and market constraints (supply and soaring salaries). While three-fourths of the respondents are comfortable with their current work environment, about 30 percent of the women and 23 percent of the minorities perceive gender and ethnic discrimination, respectively. Although somewhat more women and minorities want to leave their current institution, all three groups agree the top two reasons are for more money and a better academic environment.
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Shaikh, Saamia, Ameena Malik, Dessy Boneva, Shaikh Hai, Mark McKenney, and Adel Elkbuli. "Current Trends of Women Surgeon Speakers at National Trauma Surgery Conferences: The Trauma House Is Improving." American Surgeon 86, no. 7 (June 26, 2020): 803–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003134820933555.
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Background An invitation to speak at a national meeting represents the advancement of one’s career and indicates acceptance and the attention of the scientific community. Studies have revealed gender disparities across medical and surgical society meetings. The purpose of our study was to assess the current trend of women surgeon speakers at major national trauma surgery conferences during the last 4 years (ie, 2016-2019). Methods A retrospective analysis of conference programs of major trauma surgery association annual meetings including the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma (AAST), the Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma (EAST), and the Western Trauma Association (WTA) was conducted. Our primary outcome was the number and proportion of women surgeon speakers at each conference each year. Results Twelve conference programs from three national trauma surgery association annual meetings were reviewed. A total of 2029 speakers were included; 608 (30%) of which were female and 1421 (70%) of which were male. The proportion of women speakers ranged from 22.3% to 41.4%. The number of women speakers increased each year from 2016 to 2019: (EAST: 25.2%-39.8%, P = .049; AAST: 27.1%-41.4%, P < .00001, and WTA: 27.8%-33.3%, P = . 0.573). Conclusion The number of women surgeon speakers at national trauma surgery conferences significantly increased from 2016 to 2019. The increase in women trauma surgeon speakers is encouraging and should be celebrated, but organizational leadership should take this information into account while extending invitations to surgeons for speaking opportunities and continue to promote diversity and inclusivity.
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Howell, Lydia Pleotis, Mary Lipscomb Lyons, Ann Thor, and Valerie Dandar. "Sex Differences in Workplace Satisfaction and Engagement of Academic Pathologists: Opportunities to Enhance Faculty Diversity." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 139, no. 7 (July 1, 2015): 936–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/arpa.2014-0312-ep.
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Context There is attrition of women across professorial ranks in academic pathology. Women are underrepresented as leaders; 15.4% of academic pathology departments are chaired by women, according to the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC). Objective To identify areas for targeted interventions that can advance academic and leadership development of women faculty by examining (1) sex differences in career satisfaction in US medical school pathology departments participating in the AAMC's Faculty Forward Engagement Survey, and (2) findings from a survey of the Association of Pathology Chairs (APC). Design The AAMC Faculty Forward Engagement Survey data are from 14 US medical schools participating in the 2011–2012 survey. Pathologists' response rate was 66% (461 of 697). To investigate sex differences, t tests and χ2 analyses were used. The APC survey, administered to academic department chairs, had a 55% response rate (104 of 189). Results According to the Faculty Forward Engagement Survey, women report more time in patient care and less time in research. Women consider formal mentorship, feedback, and career advancement more important than men do and are less satisfied with communication and governance. The APC survey shows that 20% to 40% of nonchair department leaders are women. More than half of chairs report satisfaction with the sex diversity of their departmental leaders. Conclusion Opportunities exist for department chairs and professional organizations to create targeted interventions to support career satisfaction, recruitment, retention, and career and leadership development for women in academic pathology. Although chairs report satisfaction with diversity within department leadership, responses of women faculty indicate there is work to be done to grow more women leaders.
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Dickson, Kwamena Sekyi. "Women Empowerment and Skilled Birth Attendants among Women in Rural Ghana." BioMed Research International 2021 (December 24, 2021): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9914027.
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Background. A critical public health issue is maternal mortality. Around 810 women die per day from pregnancy and childbirth, with approximately 99 percent of these deaths recorded in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs). In sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), more than half of these mortalities are registered. The situation is remarkably similar in Ghana, with maternal mortality standing at 319 deaths per 100,000 live births in 2015. Methods. Using data from 2014 Demographic and Health Surveys, the study examined the association between women empowerment and skilled birth attendance among women in rural Ghana. Results. Women with medium decision-making ( OR = 0.75 , CI = 0.61 , 0.93), low knowledge level ( OR = 0.55 , CI = 0.40 , 0.76), high acceptance of wife beating ( OR = 0.68 , CI = 0.51 , 0.90), with less than 4 ANC visits ( OR = 0.25 , CI = 0.19 , 0.32), whose partner had higher education ( OR = 1.96 , CI = 1.05 , 3.64), and who had a big problem with the distance getting to the health facility ( OR = 0.63 , CI = 0.50 , 0.78) had a significant association with skilled birth attendants. Decision-making power, women’s knowledge level, acceptance of wife beating, antenatal care visit, partner’s education, getting medical help for self, and distance to health facility were seen to have a significant association with skilled birth attendants among women in Ghana. Conclusion. Efforts to increase the current SBA should concentrate on the empowerment of women, male involvement in maternal health problems, women’s education, and participation in the ANC. There is a need to review current policies, strategies, and services to improve maternal health conditions.
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Höschl, C., and L. Fialová. "European Psychiatric Association guidance on the conflicts of interest." European Psychiatry 27, no. 2 (February 2012): 142–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2011.09.003.
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AbstractConflict of interest (COI) is a set of circumstances that creates a risk that professional judgments or actions regarding a primary interest will be unduly influenced and compromised by a secondary interest. It might arise in clinical practice, research, and education, and might include individuals and institutions. Primary interests include the pursuit of well-being of patients, ensuring the independence of medical education, and protecting the objectivity and integrity of medical research. Secondary interests might involve financial interests, pursuit of recognition and professional career advancement. COI might result from the multiple roles of physicians in patient care, research, administration, provision of expert opinion and policy advice, and consultancy to commercial organizations. The purpose of the COI policy is to protect the interests of the patients, strengthen the integrity of the profession, and preserve public trust in medicine and psychiatry. The aim of the guidance is to eventually prevent these conflicts from arising rather than remediate them ex post. It is desirable to identify factors that might lead to their occurrence, offer a framework for their recognition and assessment, introduce the principles and standards of their disclosure, and provide recommendations for their transparent resolution.
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Akter, Sahera, Md Solayman Hosen, Md Shehab Khan, and Bikash Pal. "Assessing the pattern of key factors on women’s empowerment in Bangladesh: Evidence from Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey, 2007 to 2017–18." PLOS ONE 19, no. 3 (March 29, 2024): e0301501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0301501.
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Background With half a female population, empowering women can be a key factor in our country’s global advancement. Focusing on household decision-making and attitudes toward wife beating, our study addresses the dearth of research exploring how different socio-economic and demographic factors associated with women’s empowerment evolve over the past decade in Bangladesh (from BDHS 2007 to BDHS 2017–18). Methods Data from four waves of Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS, 2007 to BDHS, 2017–18) were used in this study. We put forth two domains—household decision-making and attitudes toward domestic violence—to assess women’s empowerment. Principal component analysis (PCA) was employed to create women’s empowerment index. To assess the unadjusted association between the selected covariates and women’s empowerment, Pearson Chi-square test and ANOVA F test have been used, while adjusted association has been analyzed through proportional odds model (POM). Results In BDHS 2017–18, women from urban areas experienced ‘high’ empowerment than women in rural areas (56.08% vs. 45.69%). A notable change has been observed in the distribution of women’s empowerment index by education over the survey years. Findings also showed that in all the survey years, division, place of residence, education level, number of living children, media exposure, wealth index, working status, and relationship with household head have been found to have significant association with women’s empowerment index. For instance, women who completed secondary education in 2007, 2011, 2014, and 2017–18, respectively have 14.4%, 31.8%, 24.6%, and 39.6% higher odds of having empowerment compared to those who were uneducated. Further, age at first marriage, spousal age gap, NGO membership etc. emerged as a contributing factor in specific survey years. Conclusion Our study affirmed that, over a ten-year period, women were more likely to protest against physical violence and to participate in various decision-making regarding their personal and social life. Empowerment is notably higher among women in urban residents, those with secondary education, 1–2 children, media exposure, and employment. Policy recommendations should emphasize targeted measures to raise awareness and empower uneducated, unemployed, economically disadvantaged, and physically oppressed women.
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Ahmed, Dr Nabiha. "DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY – A NEW HORIZON TOWARDS ADVANCEMENT IN PHYSICAL THERAPY." Pakistan Journal of Rehabilitation 3, no. 2 (July 5, 2014): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.36283/pjr.zu.3.2/001.
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Physical therapy is on the rise as it is among the flourishing disciplines of medical science and is an integral part of a Rehabilitation team. It is an independent health care profession that deals in identifying and optimizing quality of life within the spheres of promotion, prevention, treatment and restoration. The need of Physical Therapy education in Pakistan was acknowledged back in 1950’s, when a 2 years diploma was started which over the years advanced into a Bachelor’s degree. Later, this degree was upgraded to 5 years Doctor of Physical Therapy in order to meet the International standard following the “Vision 2020 of American Physical Therapy Association”.
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Wells, Janelle E., and Shannon Kerwin. "Intentions to Be an Athletic Director." Journal of Career Development 44, no. 2 (July 26, 2016): 127–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0894845316635821.
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The aim of this study was to evaluate senior athletic administrators’ expectations and intentions of becoming National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I athletic directors (ADs) and explore women and racial minority senior athletic administrators’ athletic workplace experience. To serve the purpose, two studies using social cognitive career theory (SCCT) were employed. First, demographic (i.e., gender and race) differences by SCCT variables were assessed through survey collection and multivariate analysis of variance. Second, content analysis of interviews was used to assess the experiences of athletic administrators. Results revealed women and racial minority senior athletic administrators’ had similar self-efficacy compared to White men, but they encountered more barriers, unfavorable outcome expectations, and lower choice goals associated with becoming an NCAA Division I AD. Further, findings show women and racial minority senior athletic administrators felt occupational segregation limited their access and opportunities for career advancement to a Division I AD position.
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Stadler, Dora J., Halah Ibrahim, Joseph Cofrancesco Jr, and Sophia Archuleta. "Fixing the leaky pipeline: Tips to promote gender equity in Academic Medicine." Asia Pacific Scholar 6, no. 4 (October 5, 2021): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.29060/taps.2021-6-4/gp2451.
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Introduction: Gender equity in academic medicine is a global concern. Women physicians lag behind men in salary, research productivity, and reaching top academic rank and leadership positions. Methods: In this Global Perspective, we provide suggestions for overcoming gender bias, drawn from a multidisciplinary literature and personal experiences working as clinician educators in the international academic arena. These suggestions are not exhaustive but inform a tool kit for institutions and individuals to support the advancement of women in academic medicine. Results: Barriers include limited access to same gender role models and mentors, fewer networking opportunities, fewer nominations for awards and speakership opportunities, as well as implicit gender bias. Institutional interventions can address disparities along the career continuum focusing on scholarship, promotion and leadership opportunities. Women faculty can also seek out professional development programmes and mentorship to support their own advancement. Informal and formal networking opportunities, using a variety of platforms, including social media, can help build relationships to enhance career development and success, and provide social, emotional and professional support to women at all stages of their career. The National University Health System’s Women in Science and Healthcare project is an example of a successful group formed to empower women and foster personal and professional development. Conclusion: Successful incentives and policies need to consider local institutional and cultural contexts, as well as approaches to mitigate implicit bias. Achieving gender parity in academic medicine will promote a personally and professionally fulfilled global healthcare workforce to improve patient care and clinical outcomes worldwide.
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Dannels, Sharon, Jean McLaughlin, Katharine A. Gleason, Sharon A. McDade, Rosalyn Richman, and Page S. Morahan. "Medical School Deans’ Perceptions of Organizational Climate: Useful Indicators for Advancement of Women Faculty and Evaluation of a Leadership Program’s Impact." Academic Medicine 84, no. 1 (January 2009): 67–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/acm.0b013e3181906d37.
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_, _., Deborah L. Benzil, Aviva Abosch, Isabelle Germano, Holly Gilmer, J. Nozipo Maraire, Karin Muraszko, et al. "The future of neurosurgery: a white paper on the recruitment and retention of women in neurosurgery." Journal of Neurosurgery 109, no. 3 (September 2008): 378–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns/2008/109/9/0378.
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Preface The leadership of Women in Neurosurgery (WINS) has been asked by the Board of Directors of the American Association of Neurological Surgeons (AANS) to compose a white paper on the recruitment and retention of female neurosurgical residents and practitioners. Introduction Neurosurgery must attract the best and the brightest. Women now constitute a larger percentage of medical school classes than men, representing approximately 60% of each graduating medical school class. Neurosurgery is facing a potential crisis in the US workforce pipeline, with the number of neurosurgeons in the US (per capita) decreasing. Women in the Neurosurgery Workforce The number of women entering neurosurgery training programs and the number of board-certified female neurosurgeons is not increasing. Personal anecdotes demonstrating gender inequity abound among female neurosurgeons at every level of training and career development. Gender inequity exists in neurosurgery training programs, in the neurosurgery workplace, and within organized neurosurgery. Obstacles The consistently low numbers of women in neurosurgery training programs and in the workplace results in a dearth of female role models for the mentoring of residents and junior faculty/practitioners. This lack of guidance contributes to perpetuation of barriers to women considering careers in neurosurgery, and to the lack of professional advancement experienced by women already in the field. There is ample evidence that mentors and role models play a critical role in the training and retention of women faculty within academic medicine. The absence of a critical mass of female neurosurgeons in academic medicine may serve as a deterrent to female medical students deciding whether or not to pursue careers in neurosurgery. There is limited exposure to neurosurgery during medical school. Medical students have concerns regarding gender inequities (acceptance into residency, salaries, promotion, and achieving leadership positions). Gender inequity in academic medicine is not unique to neurosurgery; nonetheless, promotion to full professor, to neurosurgery department chair, or to a national leadership position is exceedingly rare within neurosurgery. Bright, competent, committed female neurosurgeons exist in the workforce, yet they are not being promoted in numbers comparable to their male counterparts. No female neurosurgeon has ever been president of the AANS, Congress of Neurological Surgeons, or Society of Neurological Surgeons (SNS), or chair of the American Board of Neurological Surgery (ABNS). No female neurosurgeon has even been on the ABNS or the Neurological Surgery Residency Review Committee and, until this year, no more than 2 women have simultaneously been members of the SNS. Gender inequity serves as a barrier to the advancement of women within both academic and community-based neurosurgery. Strategic Approach to Address Issues Identified. To overcome the issues identified above, the authors recommend that the AANS join WINS in implementing a strategic plan, as follows: 1) Characterize the barriers. 2) Identify and eliminate discriminatory practices in the recruitment of medical students, in the training of residents, and in the hiring and advancement of neurosurgeons. 3) Promote women into leadership positions within organized neurosurgery. 4) Foster the development of female neurosurgeon role models by the training and promotion of competent, enthusiastic, female trainees and surgeons.
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Winengsih, Ecih. "SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS, KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDES OF PREGNANT WOMEN TOWARDS ACCEPTANCE OF THE COVID-19 VACCINE IN THE WORKING AREA OF THE RAJADESA PUSKESMAS, CIAMIS DISTRICT." JOMIS (Journal of Midwifery Science) 8, no. 1 (January 28, 2024): 51–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.36341/jomis.v8i1.4050.
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ABSTRACT
The SARS-CoV-2 virus causes the 2019 coronavirus epidemic (COVID-19). Pregnant women are a particularly sensitive population and one of the issues being encountered during the pandemic is connected to COVID-19 incidence in this population. Vaccination is an important tool in the fight against this illness. The study's objective was to examine the demographics, levels of education, and opinions of pregnant women in Ciamis Regency about getting the COVID-19 vaccination at the Rajadesa Community Health Center. This study used a quantitative cross-sectional strategy with a sample size of 167 pregnant women selected by proportionate stratified random selection. Chi-square was used to validate the bivariate data. Analisis multivariat with regression berganda. No significant association was found (p=0.77) between age, employment, or parity with the uptake of the Covid-19 vaccination. Pregnant women's acceptance of the Covid-19 vaccine is correlated with their level of vaccine education and vaccination history (p0.000). Attitude is the most influential factor in determining whether or not pregnant women receive the Covid-19 vaccine; pregnant women with a positive attitude are 13.72 times more likely to receive the vaccine than mothers with a negative attitude, as measured by the odds ratio (OR) value of 13.72. Acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccination is influenced by a number of factors, including sociodemographics (education), knowledge, and attitude of pregnant women, with attitude being the most important one. For further scientific advancement, the researcher proposes doing additional study using mixed methodologies research approaches.
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Leroux, Karen. "“Lady Teachers” and the Genteel Roots of Teacher Organization in Gilded Age Cities." History of Education Quarterly 46, no. 2 (2006): 164–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-5959.2006.tb00065.x.
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May the work of the L.T.A. go on ever upward and onward-gaining ground year by year; so that in future it will have its voice in the community, not low & sweet-but clear and resonant showing power and strength; may it gain that strength by increased membership, held together by strong bonds of love.Let us then be up and doing,With a heart for any fate;Still achieving, still pursuingLearn to labor and to wait.1Miss Ophelia S. Newell believed that teachers occupied a public office of unappreciated responsibility. As the secretary of the Lady Teachers' Association (LTA) in Boston, she penned these hopeful remarks as a coda to her 1875 annual report, borrowing the last stanza of a popular Henry Wadsworth Longfellow poem. For Newell and her fellow teachers, “learn to labor and to wait” underscored their steadfast commitment to the schools. They founded the association attempting to bring women teachers “nearer together in sympathy and friendship and also for a mutual benefit in debate and parliamentary rules.” Frustrated with being “accused of a lack of enthusiasm in our profession,” they hoped such criticism could “be remedied by an organization of this kind.” Honing their debating skills represented one of the women's objectives, but they aspired to do more than polish their chances for professional advancement.
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Khan, Adnan, Ijaz Ur Rehman, Muhammad Ilyas, Hussain Ahmad, Muhammad Marwat, and Ghazi Khan. "FREQUENCY AND DETERMINANTS OF DEPRESSIVE ILLNESS AMONG INFERTILE WOMEN." Gomal Journal of Medical Sciences 16, no. 3 (September 30, 2018): 71–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.46903/gjms/16.03.1933.
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Background: Depression is much more common among infertile women as compared to the general population. The objectives of our study were to determine the frequency of depression among infertile women and association of depression among infertile women with age groups, level of education, and duration of infertility. Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Department of Psychiatry, Gomal Medical College, D.I.Khan, Pakistan from 1st January 2018 to 31st December 2018. Sample size was 145 women with primary infertility selected through consecutive sampling technique. The demographic variables were; age groups, level education, duration of primary infertility and research variables was presence of depression. Observed and expected frequency for depression was analyzed by chi-square goodness-of-fit test. Association of depression with age groups, level of education and infertility duration were analyzed by chi-square test of independence. Results: Out of 145 infertile women. 122(84.1%;78.15-90.05%) had depression whereas 23(15.9%;9.95-21.85%) had no depression. Thirty seven out of 145(25.52%) women in the age group
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Zegeye, Betregiorgis, Mpho Keetile, Bright Opoku Ahinkorah, Edward Kwabena Ameyaw, Abdul-Aziz Seidu, and Sanni Yaya. "Association between Attitude towards Wife Beating and Childhood Diarrhea: A Demographic and Health Survey-Based Study in 25 Sub-Saharan African Countries." Scientific World Journal 2021 (November 13, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/4870994.
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Background. Childhood diarrhea remains a major public health problem in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Women empowerment reduces child mortality, and wife beating attitude is one of the indicators of women empowerment. There is a dearth of evidence about wife beating attitudes and childhood diarrhea in SSA. Therefore, the present study aimed to examine the association between attitude towards wife beating and diarrhea among under-five children. Methods. We used Demographic and Health Surveys from 25 countries in SSA that were conducted between 2010 and 2020. Using Stata version 14 software, we carried out the analysis on 153,864 children under five. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were applied, and the results were presented using adjusted odd ratios (aOR) at 95% confidence interval (CI). Results. The pooled results show that 71.4% of married women disagreed with wife beating. About 20.5% of under-five children of married women had diarrhea. Childhood diarrhea varied from highest prevalence in Chad (27.9%) to the lowest prevalence in Sierra-Leone (8.5%). The study showed lower odds of diarrhea among children of married women who disagreed with wife beating (aOR = 0.66 95% CI; 0.54–0.80) compared to children of married women who agreed with wife beating. Moreover, the study results show that women’s age (35–39 years-aOR = 0.48, 95% CI; 0.31–0.74, 40–44 years-aOR = 0.57, 95% CI; 0.35–0.93, 45–49 years-aOR = 0.35, 95% CI; 0.16–0.79) was negatively associated with childhood diarrhea, while husband’s education (primary school-aOR = 1.36, 95% CI; 1.05–1.77), parity (ever born 3-4 children-aOR = 1.36, 95% CI; 1.09–1.70, and 5+ children-aOR = 1.56, 95% CI; 1.14–2.12), and religion (Muslim-aOR = 3.56, 95% CI; 1.44–8.83) were positively associated with diarrhea among under-five children. Conclusions. The study shows association between women attitude towards wife beating and childhood diarrhea. Therefore, empowering women, especially young women by increasing awareness about domestic violence, their rights, and empowering them through education and economic advancement need to be considered in order to reduce childhood diarrhea. Moreover, fertility control or birth spacing and working closely with religious leaders are important factors to consider in reducing childhood diarrhea.
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Petrovic, Verica, Gordana Tesanovic, and Ljiljana Stanivuk. "Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and the association with sociodemographic characteristics in adult population of Banja Luka." Vojnosanitetski pregled 75, no. 5 (2018): 447–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vsp160716346p.
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Background/Aim. Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a cluster of metabolic and hemodynamic disorders that increase the risk of developing atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of MS and its components in adult population of Banja Luka and association with sociodemographic characteristics. Methods. A total of 685 participants (348 men and 337 women), aged 18 years and over, were analyzed. The diagnosis of the MS was based on definition set by the International Diabetes Federation (IDF). Results. The prevalence of the MS was high (37.5%), slightly higher in women (38.3%) than in men (36.8%), but without statistically significant difference (p = 0.686). Prevalence of each individual component of the MS in the study group was over 30% (systolic blood pressure ? 130 mmHg ? 42.0%; diastolic blood pressure ? 85 mmHg ? 31.0%; triglycerides ? 1.7 mmol/L ? 36.1%; high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol ? 1.03 for men and ? 1.29 for women ? 31.2%; glucose ? 5.6 mmol/L ? 32.8%; central obesity ? 94 cm male and ? 80 cm female ? 62.6%). The prevalence of the MS was not associated with gender, but with age. A number of participants increased with incresed age in the group with the MS with statistically significant difference compared to the group without the MS. The study showed an association between level of education and the MS. Low level of education was associated with the appearance of the MS with statistically significant differences (df = 3; p = 0.013). Association between level of education and the MS was shown in women (df = 3; p = 0.000), but not in men (df = 3; p = 0.883). Retirees and housewives were significantly present in the group with the MS, students and unemployed in the group without the MS, while employed participants showed no statistically significant difference. Conclusion: The MS was diagnosed in over one-third of adults in Banja Luka. Prevalence of MS was not associated with gender, but it was associated with age, level of education as well as with some categories of employment.
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Brown, Megan E. L., George E. G. Hunt, Ffion Hughes, and Gabrielle M. Finn. "‘Too male, too pale, too stale’: a qualitative exploration of student experiences of gender bias within medical education." BMJ Open 10, no. 8 (August 2020): e039092. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-039092.
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ObjectiveTo explore medical student perceptions and experiences of gender bias within medical education.SettingGender bias—‘prejudiced actions or thoughts based on the perception that women are not equal to men’—is a widespread issue. Within medicine, the pay gap, under-representation of women in senior roles and sexual harassment are among the most concerning issues demonstrating its presence and impact. While research investigating experiences of clinicians is gaining traction, investigation of medical students’ experiences is lacking. This qualitative study analyses medical students’ experiences of gender bias within their education to discern any patterns to this bias. Illuminating the current state of medical education gender bias will hopefully highlight areas in which student experience could be improved. Constructivist thematic analysis was used to analyse data, informed by William’s patterns of gender bias, intersectional feminism and communities of practice theory.ParticipantsThirty-two medical students from multiple UK medical schools participated in individual interviews. Nine faculty members were also interviewed to triangulate data.ResultsGender bias has an overt presence during medical student education, manifesting in line with William’s patterns of bias, impacting career aspirations. Physical environments serve to manifest organisational values, sending implicit messages regarding who is most welcome—currently, this imagery remains ‘too male, too pale…too stale’. Existing gender initiatives require careful scrutiny, as this work identifies the superficial application of positive action, and a failure to affect meaningful change.ConclusionsDespite progress having been made regarding overt gender discrimination, implicit bias persists, with existing positive action inadequate in promoting the advancement of women. Institutions should mandate participation in implicit bias education programmes for all staff and must strive to revise the imagery within physical environments to better represent society. Gender initiatives, like Athena Scientific Women’s Academic Network, also require large-scale evaluation regarding their impact, which this work found to be lacking.
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Widyaningsih, Sri Wahyu, and Dedi Kuswandi. "Examining Dewi Sartika's educational concept: Exploring the meaning behind her struggle and inspiration for contemporary education." Journal of Research in Instructional 3, no. 2 (December 28, 2023): 347–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.30862/jri.v3i2.306.
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This research examines the concept of education according to Dewi Sartika, the challenges faced, the support received, and the relevance of the education concept by current conditions. The research procedure used is library research. Such investigations contribute to the advancement of science, particularly in educational practice. The research results show that Dewi Sartika is an educational pioneer who is tireless in providing access to education for women. Its holistic educational concept, which involves academic, moral, and practical skills, has helped shape individuals who are not only intellectually intelligent but also ethical and have relevant skills. In addition, his recognition of the importance of local cultural values in education has contributed to maintaining and respecting Indonesia's cultural heritage. Dewi Sartika's dedication to creating an inclusive and values-centered education system has left an important mark in the history of Indonesian education that is still remembered today.
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Dahal, Anita, and Chahana Adhikari. "Homemakers’ Participation in Household Decision Making." Quest Journal of Management and Social Sciences 5, no. 2 (December 31, 2023): 275–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/qjmss.v5i2.61031.
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Purpose: This study is conducted to identify homemakers’ participation in household decision making who are the member of community-based organization.
Methods: The study was conducted in ward no. 30 of Pokhara Metropolitan City, where the ward represents the smallest unit of local government. The study interviewed homemaker women who were participating in Community-based Organization. The primary data were collected from purposively sampled 120 homemaker women using structured closed ended questionnaires schedule. The collected data are processed and analysed in SPSS software where the test of association (The Chi square test) was performed to find the relationship among the variables of household decision making, together with social-economic and demographic variables.
Findings: The findings show that homemakers included in study have actively participating in household decision making. The Chi square test result indicates that there is no association between age and number of children with level of homemakers’ participation in household decision making. Also, other demographic variables such as marital status, caste or ethnicity, education, and family type have no significance association with household decision making.
Conclusion: From this study we can say that the participation level of the women in household decision making who are the member of community-based organization is high. The participation of women in community-based organization like women’s group, saving and cooperatives, community committees empower the women and support to build confident in household decision making.
Keywords: Homemaker, Participation, Decision Making, Women, Community Based Organisation.
Paper type: Research Paper
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Vikram, Kriti, and Reeve Vanneman. "Maternal education and the multidimensionality of child health outcomes in India." Journal of Biosocial Science 52, no. 1 (May 21, 2019): 57–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932019000245.
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AbstractMaternal education plays a central role in children’s health, but there has been little research comparing the role of maternal education across health outcomes. It is important to distinguish child health outcomes from medical care outcomes. Health outcomes such as short-term morbidity and stunting are multifactorial in origin and determined by a range of factors not necessarily under a mother’s control. Mother’s education, given the necessary structural factors such as medical centres, is likely to lead to increased access to, and uptake of, medical services. Using data from the 2004–05 India Human Development Survey, eight separate logistic regressions were carried out on 11,026 women of reproductive age and their last-born child under five years of age. The results showed that maternal education had the strongest association with medical care, immunization (except polio) and iron supplementation for pregnant mothers, moderate association with underweight and weak association with short-term diseases and stunting. In addition, the study investigated whether maternal education impacts child health and medical care outcomes through the intervening roles of empowerment and human, social and cultural capital. These intervening linkages were found to be missing for short-term diseases and stunting, bolstering the argument that the influence of maternal education is limited for these outcomes.
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Deekala, Ravi Sankar, Sindhu Mandyam, Swetha Rao G, Visweswara Rao Guthi, and Pravallika Sudharani Rosivari. "A Study on Depression, Anxiety and Stress Among Medical Undergraduate Students of a Women’s Medical College, South India." National Journal of Community Medicine 14, no. 02 (February 28, 2023): 90–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.55489/njcm.140220232669.
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Background: Mental health of a medical student remains affected throughout training due to long study and working hours, extensive course content, examinations, peer competition, uninspiring environments, sleep deprivation. Objectives of this study is to estimate the proportion of Depression, Anxiety and Stress among Women medical undergraduate students and to determine the association between the Depression, Anxiety, Stress and Socio demographic factors among Women medical undergraduate students. Materials and methods: This were a cross sectional Study conducted among First, second, third and fourth year MBBS students of SVIMS - Sri Padmavathi Medical College for Women, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh. Medical students who were present and willing to participate voluntarily on the day of data collection were included. Sample size calculated was 375. Information collected was socio-demographic details and Depression Anxiety Stress scale [DASS 42] was used to assess depression, anxiety and stress levels. Results: The present study assessed Depression, Anxiety and Stress among 588 medical undergraduates, by using DASS 42 scale which revealed prevalence of depression was 34.7%, anxiety 44% and stress 30.3% and their association year of study, not satisfied, partially satisfied with own education, less consumption water, less sleeping hours and hours of usage of gadgets. Conclusion: The present study found that prevalence of depression 34.7%, anxiety 44% and stress 30.3% among medical undergraduates. Medical students under strain are either unaware of their situation or reluctant to seek help.
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Pomi, Shakina Sultana. "Impact of Microcredit on Rural Poverty Alleviation in the Context of Bangladesh." International Journal of Economics and Finance 11, no. 6 (April 25, 2019): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v11n6p70.
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Microcredit and poverty alleviation have become the two sides of a coin as the role of microcredit on poverty alleviation is well accepted in the arena of economic development. This study is an attempt to analyse the impact of microcredit on poverty alleviation in the rural areas namely Hathazari, Mirsharai and Sitakunda upazilla (sub-units of district ) of Chittagong district, Bangladesh. A cross sectional survey was conducted on the rural part of these three upazillas. Data have been collected through a well-structured questionnaire from 100 microcredit-recipients/borrowers of Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee (BRAC) and Association for Social Advancement (ASA) - two giant microcredit providers in Bangladesh and from 50 non-borrowers of the study areas. Respondents were selected randomly. Tabular method was used to describe the data. Hypothetically, the outcomes were found significant resulted from chi-square test (X ² -test) and ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) without an exception for clothing expenditure. The study revealed that microcredit disbursed through BRAC and ASA, plays a dynamic role to reduce poverty in the study areas by income generating activities of the poor women borrowers and by improving their living standard. It is found from the study that microcredit has positive impact on income, expenditure, condition of dwelling house, education, health and decision making ability of the poor women borrowers who spent at least five years in BRAC and ASA comparing to the non-borrowers.
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Keumala, Dina, Zaimah Zulkarnaini Tala, Sri Lestari, Sunna Vyatra Hutagalung, Ratna Akbari Ganie, and Delina Sekar Harum. "ANALYSIS OF LIFESTYLE, KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE, AND KNOWLEDGE OF WOMEN AGED 20-50 YEARS OLD WITH VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY-INSUFFICIENCY IN NORTH SUMATERA, INDONESIA." Sumatera Medical Journal 1, no. 01 (August 10, 2017): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/sumej.v1i01.75.
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Background: Study showed that 95% women had serum level of 25(OH)D lower than normal and women have riskier lifestyle than men, this is based on women’s lifestyle, such as avoiding sun rays, sunblock application, low vitamin D intake, and low physical activity. As result of the deficiency, there will be increasing number of metabolic disorders such as obesity and diabetes mellitus type 2.Objectives: To discover lifestyle, knowledge, attitude, and action of women aged 20-50 years old with vitamin D deficiency-insufficiency regarding risk of metabolic disorder caused by vitamin D deficiency.Method: Cross-sectional study engaging 98 women participants with vitamin D deficiency-insufficiency. Lifestyle including avoiding sunlight, low physical activity, and sunblock application were assessed. The scoring was to assess knowledge, attitude and action of women aged 20-50 years old with vitamin D deficiency-insufficiency regarding risk of metabolic disorder in Medan and then the result was analyzed.Result: The study engaged 98 women aged 20-50 years old with vitamin D deficiency-insufficiency, showed vitamin D level with mean 19.66±5.69 ng/ml. There were 95% participants categorized into vitamin D deficiency-insufficiency and 5% participants categorized into vitamin D suficiency. All subjects were found to be low on sun rays exposure, high incidence sunblock applicaton, low vitamin D intake, and low physical activities. According to knowledge about risk of metabolic disorder, there were 42.3% participants with sufficient knowledge and 57.7% with deficient knowledge, and regarding attitude, 48.52% had negative attitude and 51.5% had positive attitude, regarding action, 24.7% was sufficient and 75.3% was deficient. According to the analysis, there was no significant association between action and knowledge, attitude and knowledge, but there was significant association between action and knowledge based on education (p=0.01).Conclusion: Lifestyle, sufficient knowledge, and action could be the caused of low vitamin D level. There was significant association between action and knowledge based on education, but didn’t show any associations. Based on this result, knowledge needs to be improved in order to improve attitude and action with counseling or books that are easy to be understood about the importance of vitamin D
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Chaparro Piedrahita, Laura. "Discrimination and sexual violence against women and girls in conflict-related settings. An approach to the colombian case from the concluding observations of the CEDAW Committee." CES Derecho 13, no. 1 (May 27, 2022): 133–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.21615/cesder.6565.
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The concluding observations issuance by the Committee on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women is arguably the single most important activity of this human rights treaty body. It provides an opportunity to deliver a comprehensive overview of the status of human rights protection for women in a state party and the submission of forms of guidance that can stimulate systemic advancement. Although the Committee recognizes and welcomes the efforts of Colombia in undertaking legislative reforms in the health, education, and service sectors to eradicate discriminatory gender stereotypes, access for women to justice, especially in cases of sexual and domestic violence, guarantees for participation in political and public life, and other actions for the fulfillment of their rights, there are still serious concerns about gross human rights violations taking place in the country; one the most complex issue is sexual violence in the context of the armed conflict as many non-state actors are still using these brutal practices to achieve military purposes and as spoils of war. This paper aims to analyze the causes of conflict-related sexual violence, how they constitute a form of prejudice and the intersectionality of this phenomenon with other forms of discrimination against women. Finally, it introduces some recommendations on additional related issues that seem to have been omitted by the Committee, even though they constitute severe breaches of the obligations and duties of the government under international law.
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Hollon, Matthew F., Eric B. Larson, Thomas D. Koepsell, and Ann E. Downer. "Direct-to-Consumer Marketing of Osteoporosis Drugs and Bone Densitometry." Annals of Pharmacotherapy 37, no. 7-8 (July 2003): 976–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1345/aph.1c422.
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OBJECTIVE: To determine whether there is an association between a woman's exposure to direct-to-consumer (DTC) advertisements for 2 osteoporosis drugs and presentation for bone densitometry. METHODS: A matched case–control study was conducted between October and December 1998 at an academic primary care clinic in Seattle, WA. Seventeen women from the study population (aged ≥18 y, seen in the previous 2 y at the academic primary care clinic) presented for bone densitometry. All 51 women completed a self-administered questionnaire. RESULTS: Women familiar with 1 of 2 osteoporosis drugs due to exposure to advertisements had 9 times the odds of densitometry (unadjusted OR 9.3, 95% CI 1.0 to 86). Multivariate analysis, including confounders such as education level and whether a woman had previously had 3 screening tests (mammography, Pap smear, serum cholesterol), revealed a significant and strong association between exposure to advertisements and densitometry (adjusted OR 29, 95% CI 1.6 to 511). CONCLUSIONS: DTC marketing may increase health services utilization. Further independent evaluation of DTC marketing based on available observational evidence is feasible and warranted.
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Al-Serhan, Amani, Raeda Saada, and Niveen Alsayyed. "Women and Leadership in the Jordanian Armed Forces." Administrative Sciences 13, no. 2 (February 6, 2023): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/admsci13020045.
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Ever since gaining approval to be admitted to the Jordanian Armed Forces (JAF), Jordanian women have become more visible in this sector. Women were recruited in various fields across the military, including administrative posts, education, and human resources. There is a noticeable gap in the number of women reaching leadership positions despite the quality of their work and their tremendous contributions in this sector. The present study aims to explore the correlation between military culture and environment and women’s perceptions of leadership by drawing on quantitative data from female personnel at Al-Hussein Medical Center (HMC). A five-point Likert scale was adopted in the current questionnaire to test the extent of agreement with question items suggested for each aspect of work culture and environment construct. The results demonstrate that women at HMC perceive their work culture and environment positively, which in turn reflects their positive perceptions about their quality of work and their ability to lead. The female participants at HMC demonstrate positive perceptions of gender that challenge prevailing gender norms through gaining necessary support and opportunities for career advancement. The study results imply that supportive work environments have a greater impact on women’s aspirations to become leaders.
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Farhoumand-Sims, Cheshmak. "With All Our Strength." American Journal of Islam and Society 22, no. 1 (January 1, 2005): 118–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v22i1.1738.
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Anne Brodsky’s With All Our Strength provides an ethnographic study ofthe Revolutionary Association of the Women of Afghanistan (RAWA). Thisorganization was founded in 1977 by the enigmatic Meena as “the firstindependent feminist women’s organization in Afghanistan, whose solepurpose and aim was the advancement and equality of Afghan women” (p.43). RAWA’s main vehicle of empowerment is education, through literacyand political consciousness, and its vehicles for promoting these tasks are literacy classes and Payam-e-Zan, a quarterly political magazine (publishedin Dari and Pashtu) that includes political commentaries on a wide range ofissues relating to Afghanistan.The author describes RAWA as a humanitarian and political women’sorganization that has operated in Afghanistan and Pakistan since its foundingin 1977. She provides a good review of its philosophy and workingsthrough an impressive number of interviews and personal observationsgained while living and traveling with RAWAmembers. Her analysis offersinsight into Afghanistan’s patriarchal culture, as well as the customs andtraditions that have impacted its women. She presents readers with anexcellent analysis of the events that led to the conflict in Afghanistan, discussesthe country’s situation since the regime change of 1979, and highlightsthe humanitarian cost of war, focusing on the conflict’s impact onAfghani women. In addition, she describes the horrors women faced underthe Taliban regime and outlines the continued challenges that they face inpost-Taliban Afghanistan as well as RAWA’s response ...
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Alorini, Mohammed, Saeed Omar, Mutasim Abubaker, and Ishag Adam. "Multimorbidity in Sudanese women newly diagnosed with breast cancer: a retrospective cross-sectional study." F1000Research 12 (January 23, 2023): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.127325.1.
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Background: The association between multimorbidity and breast cancer is not yet fully understood. Few studies have published data on the association between multimorbidity and breast cancer in Africa, and none of them were conducted in Sudan. This study was conducted to estimate the prevalence and associated factors for multimorbidity (obesity, hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, asthma and tuberculosis, and HIV) and their association with breast cancer stage in women newly diagnosed with breast cancer in eastern Sudan. Methods: A retrospective cross -sectional study was conducted at East Oncology Center in Gadarif, eastern Sudan, from January to October 2021. Medical files were reviewed and sociodemographic, clinical data (comorbidities of hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, asthma, tuberculosis, and HIV) were retrieved. Logistics regression analysis was performed. Results: Medical files of 384 women who had newly diagnosed breast cancer were reviewed and included in this analysis. The median (interquartile) of their age was 50.0 (39.0‒60.0) years. Sixty-five women (16.9%) had multimorbidity. Obesity (77, 20.1%), hypertension (66, 17.20%), and diabetes mellitus (50, 13.0%) were the most common forms of morbidity among these women. Multivariate analysis showed that age was positively associated with multimorbidity (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.04, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.02‒1.07). Women with a lower level of education (AOR = 3.23, 95 % CI = 1.73‒6.04) and residing in urban areas (AOR = 2.22, 95% CI = 1.14‒4.34) were at higher risk for multimorbidity. Multivariate analysis showed that women with multimorbidity were at higher risk for presenting with newly diagnosed advanced breast cancer (AOR = 3.36, 95% CI = 1.85‒6.08). Conclusion: In eastern Sudan, older women, women with less education, and women residing in urban areas are at higher risk for multimorbidity associated with advanced newly diagnosed breast cancer.
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Sealy-Jefferson, Shawnita, and Dawn Misra. "Neighborhood Tax Foreclosures, Educational Attainment, and Preterm Birth among Urban African American Women." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 6 (March 13, 2019): 904. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16060904.
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Ecological evidence suggests that neighborhoods with more tax foreclosures also have more adverse birth outcomes. However, whether neighborhood-level tax foreclosures impact individual-level risk for adverse birth outcomes is unknown. We assessed whether living in a neighborhood with high tax foreclosures is associated with a woman’s preterm birth (PTB) risk and tested for effect modification by educational attainment, among urban African American women from the Life Influence on Fetal Environments Study (2009–2011; n = 686). We linked survey and medical record data to archival, block-group level tax foreclosure data from the county treasurer. We used Modified Poisson regression with robust error variance and included a foreclosure X education interaction in adjusted models. In the overall sample, neighborhood tax foreclosures did not predict PTB (adjusted relative risk: 0.93, CI: 0.74, 1.16), but the association was modified by educational attainment (interaction p = 0.01). Among women with lower education (n = 227), neighborhood tax foreclosures did not predict PTB risk. The association for women with higher education (n = 401) was statistically significant for a reduction in risk for PTB (adjusted relative risk: 0.74, CI: 0.55, 0.98) among those who lived in neighborhoods with high versus low tax foreclosures. Future studies should seek to identify the mechanisms of this association.
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Sultana, Mahmuda, Md Sazzad Hossain, Farhana Dewan, Jobaida Sultana, and Maliha Rashid. "Association of Toxoplasma Gondii Infection with Spontaneous Abortion." Bangladesh Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology 29, no. 2 (November 27, 2016): 87–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjog.v29i2.30486.
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Objective: To evaluate whether there is any association of Toxoplasma gondii infection with spontaneous abortion.Materials and Methods: This observational case control study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka (DMCH), over a period of one year from 31st December 2008 to 30th November 2009. A total 91 pregnant women were selected for this study. Among them 46 patients of spontaneous abortion were selected as case and 45 healthy pregnant women were selected as control purposively. Spontaneous abortion cases were diagnosed on the basis of history, clinical examination and USG findings. Patients with medical disorder, Rh-incompatibility, multiple pregnancy, cervical incompetence, septic abortion, threatened abortion, fibroid with pregnancy and uterine anomaly were excluded from the study. The clinical examination was done by standard method. Blood was collected from each subject, serum was separated. Main outcome measure was presence of toxoplasma antibodies in spontaneous abortion cases. Antibody was detected by ELISA method. A p value of <0.5 was considered as significant.Results: In both groups there was no difference in age, gestational age, socioeconomic status, living standard and educational status. Toxoplasma specific IgM was detected in higher percentage of women with spontaneous abortion (15.2%) than with controls (0%), which is statistically significant (<0.05). Seroprevalence for past Toxoplasma infection (IgG) was similar in both the groups, 17.4% and 8.9% for case and control respectively (p>0.05). Though there is no association between seropositivity and level of education, place of living, contact with cat, occupational status, parity and past history of spontaneous abortion, seropositivity is higher in the poor socioeconomic group.Conclusion: Seroprevalence for recent Toxoplasma gondii infection is higher in women with spontaneous abortion.Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2014; Vol. 29(2) : 87-93