Journal articles on the topic 'Association for Social Knowledge'
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Kamath, Anant, and Robin Cowan. "Social cohesion and knowledge diffusion: understanding the embeddedness–homophily association." Socio-Economic Review 13, no. 4 (August 14, 2014): 723–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ser/mwu024.
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Bartol, Kathryn M., Wei Liu, Xiangquan Zeng, and Kelu Wu. "Social Exchange and Knowledge Sharing among Knowledge Workers: The Moderating Role of Perceived Job Security." Management and Organization Review 5, no. 2 (July 2009): 223–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1740-8784.2009.00146.x.
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Drawing on perceived organizational support (POS) theory and employee-organizational relationship theories, this research investigated the association between POS and knowledge sharing as well as the potential moderating effects of perceived job security. Study participants were 255 information technology professionals and their supervisors working in the information technology industry in China. Findings showed that POS was positively related to knowledge sharing, and, as expected, perceived job security moderated the association. More specifically, the positive association between POS and employee knowledge sharing held only for employees who perceived higher job security from their organization. In contrast, POS was not significantly associated with knowledge sharing when employees perceived their job security to be relatively low. This latter result is consistent with contentions from employee-organizational relationships theories that limited investment by employers is likely to lead to lower contributions from employees. The findings are also congruent with arguments from social exchange theory that meaningful reciprocity is built on a history of open-ended exchanges whose development may be inconsistent with a shorter-term employment horizon.
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Dezalay, Sara. "Legal Knowledge as Social and Political Capital." AJIL Unbound 117 (2023): 210–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aju.2023.34.
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The 150th anniversary of the Institut de Droit International (IDI) and the International Law Association (ILA) provides an opportunity to assess the role of legal scholarship in the codification and institutionalization of international law. This essay argues that academic expertise is a form of social and political capital that is at once individual, institutional, and structural. Empirically focused on international dispute settlement mechanisms (interstate adjudication and arbitration), this essay underscores that academic expertise shapes the professional status of international lawyers, and influences the clout of international institutions as codifiers of international law.
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Grosz-Ngaté, Maria. "Knowledge and Power: Perspectives on the Production and Decolonization of African/ist Knowledges." African Studies Review 63, no. 4 (December 2020): 689–718. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/asr.2020.102.
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AbstractAfrican scholarship on epistemic decolonization and African self-determination has generated reflection and debate among African Studies scholars for several decades. The debate has gained new force in recent years and has resonated in African studies in new ways, prompted in part by political events and social activism around enduring racism. Grosz-Ngaté’s 2019 Presidential Lecture provides an opportunity to reflect further on these issues. It explores questions related to the production and decolonization of knowledge in conversations with colleagues in Mali and Senegal and draws out the implications of these discussions for African Studies Association members and for the Association at large.
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Peng, Jianping, Jing Quan, Guoying Zhang, and Alan J. Dubinsky. "Knowledge Sharing, Social Relationships, and Contextual Performance." Journal of Organizational and End User Computing 27, no. 2 (April 2015): 58–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/joeuc.2015040103.
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A firm's core competitiveness results primarily from its ability to innovate. Knowledge sharing plays an important role in promoting sustained innovation. This research examines two factors that enable employee knowledge sharing. Using responses from a questionnaire that was distributed to professionals in a research and development (R&D) department of a Chinese commercial elevator firm, the investigation examines whether social relationships and contextual performance influence knowledge sharing through the moderating effect of employee IT competence. Study findings reveal that social relationships—which include both the degree of centrality of the employee's social network and frequency of interpersonal interaction—and employee contextual performance have a significant positive impact on knowledge sharing. This association, however, is found to be positively moderated by employee IT competence. The findings provide managerial and future research insights pertaining to promoting knowledge sharing by enhancing employee social relationships, rewarding contextual performance, and providing regular IT training for employees.
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Jani, Dwi, Deni Gunawan, and Nawanto Agung Prastowo. "The Association Between Knowledge, Attitudes, and Smoking Practice with Relating Factors in a Junior High School." IKESMA 16, no. 2 (September 15, 2020): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/ikesma.v16i2.18634.
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Smoking habit in adolescents has been increasing recently. Some factors are associated with the smoking habit. However, there are lacks of information regarding influencing factors to smoking habit in the adolescent. The study aimed to examine how knowledge, attitudes, practice, and other factors play a role in adolescents' smoking. There were 381 female and male students of a junior high school in Jakarta who participated. Influencing factors were knowledge, attitudes, practice, social influence, anti-smoking campaigns. The association between factors was analyzed using appropriate statistical tests. Most students had better knowledge, attitude, and practice. Only two students smoked cigarettes (0.5%). Gender was significantly associated with knowledge (p=0.048), social influence (p=0.000), an anti-smoking campaign (p=0.024). Knowledge had an association with social influence (p=0.002) and anti-smoking campaign (p=0.000), whereas attitudes with practice smoking (p=0.005) and anti-smoking campaign (p=0.000). Social influence was also associated with the anti-smoking campaign (p=0.000). In conclusion, students of Permai junior high school had good knowledge, attitudes, and practice of smoking. There are associations between factors that contribute to smoking habit in adolescents.
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Li, Jing, and Carla Barbieri. "Demystifying Members’ Social Capital and Networks within an Agritourism Association: A Social Network Analysis." Tourism and Hospitality 1, no. 1 (December 14, 2020): 41–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/tourhosp1010004.
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Membership associations are vital to build social capital and networks among their members through the exchange of information and resources, roles especially valuable for emerging entrepreneurs. That is the case of associations catering to professionals in agritourism, an enterprise bringing farming and tourism together. However, whether the exchange of information and resources among members holds true within agritourism associations is yet to be known. Filling this knowledge gap is critical given the stated benefits agritourism delivers to society and farmers’ necessity to expand their business networks to increase entrepreneurial success. Therefore, this study evaluated the extent of social capital and networks within a prominent agritourism-focused association in North America. Data were collected from members using a web-based survey in 2016. Analyses included descriptive statistical tests and Social Network Analysis (SNA). Results showed high levels of social capital among members, especially related to its relational dimension (e.g., share professional advice), as well as strong bi-directional (to/from) trust, cooperation, and reciprocity among members. SNA indicated members were well connected and had a healthy information exchange, without the organization intervention. Study results are discussed to provide managerial intelligence towards strengthening social capital and networks within associations catering to agritourism and other niche-tourism professionals.
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Abbas, Ammar. "Evaluation of Late Adulthood Knowledge about Social Frailty." Iraqi National Journal of Nursing Specialties 35, no. 2 (December 30, 2022): 51–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.58897/injns.v35i2.596.
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Objective(s): Evaluation of late adulthood knowledge about social frailty, measure the level of knowledge about social frailty, and to find out the relationship between knowledge and socio-demographic characteristics. Methodology: A descriptive study design was carried out to measure the late adults' level of knowledge at Technical Institute-Suwaira in Middle Technical University and to find out the association between late adults' knowledge and their socio-demographic characteristic. The study was started from 28th April 2022 to 15th August 2022. The sample was Non-probability (convenience) sample of (100) late adults were selected according to the study that are working in Technical Institute-Suwaira. The data were collected by direct interview using specific questionnaire that’s composed of two parts (24) items which are: Part (1) Socio-demographic characteristics which included 9 items. Part (2) which deals with knowledge about social frailty and includes 15 items. Data were analyzed by using (SPSS) package version 25. Descriptive data through determination of: Frequency, percentage, mean of score and standard deviation. Inferential statistical data analysis approach: used by enforcement of the Chi –square test used for determining the association between Socio-demographic characteristics and late adults' knowledge. Results: (64%) of them were (49-56) years old, (61%) were male, the late adults' more than half evaluation of knowledge is moderate, more than half level of knowledge is moderate about social frailty (61%), and present high significant relationship between late adults' knowledge and age. Conclusions: The findings concluded that late adults need more awareness and information to support their knowledge about social frailty. Age, gender, job title, life style of late adults' socio-demographic characteristics that has a significant relationship with social frailty. Recommendations: The study recommend that need to developing educational programs, lectures, courses and seminars about frailty and domains of frailty to increase knowledge of late adults that lead to change their lifestyle and go away the wrong behaviors and habits.
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Dearden, Thomas E., and Katalin Parti. "Cybercrime, Differential Association, and Self-Control: Knowledge Transmission Through Online Social Learning." American Journal of Criminal Justice 46, no. 6 (November 8, 2021): 935–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12103-021-09655-4.
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Yu, Chien, Tsai-Fang Yu, and Chin-Cheh Yu. "Knowledge Sharing, Organizational Climate, and Innovative Behavior: A Cross-Level Analysis of Effects." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 41, no. 1 (February 1, 2013): 143–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2013.41.1.143.
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We investigated individual-level knowledge sharing and innovative behavior of employees, organizational innovation climate, and interactions between the individual level of knowledge sharing and the climate of innovation within the organization as a whole. Employees of public corporations in the Taiwanese finance and insurance industries participated in this study. Hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) indicated a positive association between knowledge sharing and innovative behavior and a positive association between organizational innovation climate and innovative behavior. According to the results of HLM organizational innovation climate did not act as a moderator on the impact of knowledge sharing on innovative behavior.
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Komakech, Joel, Hasina Rakotomanana, Christine Walters, Deana Hildebrand, and Barbara Stoecker. "Maternal Social Support Is Associated with Knowledge and Attitudes on Fruit and Vegetable Consumption Among Refugee Mothers in Post- Emergency Settlements in Uganda." Current Developments in Nutrition 5, Supplement_2 (June 2021): 654. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzab045_036.
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Abstract Objectives Research on the effectiveness of maternal social support to improve knowledge, attitudes, and practices about the consumption of healthy diets is limited in Uganda. Our study examined the association between maternal social support and knowledge, attitudes, and practices of fruit and vegetable consumption among South Sudanese refugee mothers in post-emergency settlements in the West Nile region, in Uganda. Methods This cross-sectional study included 379 refugee mothers (15–49 years). Principal component analysis was used to determine scores for maternal knowledge, attitudes, and practices of fruit and vegetable consumption. The Medical Outcomes Study (MOS) Social Support Index was used to determine maternal social support scores. A mean score > 4 was considered optimal social support. Associations between maternal social support and knowledge, attitudes, and practices of fruit and vegetable consumption were determined by logistic regression, adjusted for confounders. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Results The mean maternal age was 27.8 ± 5.0. Although 62.3% of mothers had optimal social support scores, 37.7% did not have anyone to rely on for day-to-day support. Even though mothers with optimal social support were more likely to have more knowledge about fruit and vegetable consumption (AOR = 2.05 [1.32 – 3.19], p = 0.003), there was not a significant association between maternal social support and fruit and vegetable consumption (AOR = 0.75 [0.46 – 1.23], p = 0.242). Furthermore, mothers with optimal social support were less likely to be positive towards fruit and vegetable consumption (AOR = 0.13 [0.02 – 0.73], p = 0.023). Conclusions Social support interventions have the potential to improve maternal knowledge on fruit and vegetable consumption among mothers in post-emergency areas. A mixed-methods longitudinal study may further determine why social support is associated with increased knowledge but not with more positive attitudes about fruit and vegetable consumption. Funding Sources Esther Winterfeldt Summer Research Fellowship; The Nestlé Foundation.
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Grant, Elizabeth. "Conveying Sacred Knowledge through Contemporary Architectural Design: The Garma Cultural Knowledge Centre." Environment-Behaviour Proceedings Journal 1, no. 1 (June 26, 2016): 199. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/e-bpj.v1i1.216.
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The Indigenous peoples of north east Arnhem Land in Australia (Yolngu) overlay their culture with the customs and social behaviour of other societies to achieve positive outcomes and autonomy. Passing down cultural knowledge is intrinsic to the cultural identity of Yolngu. The paper discusses the recently completed Garma Cultural Knowledge Centre and examines the cultural knowledge conveyed through the medium of contemporary architecture design. The paper finds that the Garma Cultural Knowledge Centre combined aspects of non-Aboriginal and Aboriginal cultures to form a coherent whole with multi-facetted meanings. © 2016. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies, Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.Keywords: People and environments; cultural knowledge; architecture; indigenous architecture
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Dysvik, Anders, Robert Buch, and Bård Kuvaas. "Knowledge donating and knowledge collecting." Leadership & Organization Development Journal 36, no. 1 (March 2, 2015): 35–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/lodj-11-2012-0145.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether the relationship between employees’ knowledge donating and managers’ knowledge collecting is moderated by social leader-member exchange (SLMX) and economic leader-member exchange (ELMX). Design/methodology/approach – Data were obtained from 227 employee-leader dyads from four Norwegian organizations. Hierarchical moderated regression was used to test the hypotheses. Findings – Even though the authors observed a positive relationship between employees’ knowledge donating and managers’ knowledge collecting, the moderation analysis revealed a positive relationship only for high levels of SLMX relationships. Research limitations/implications – The data were cross-sectional, thus prohibiting causal inferences. Practical implications – SLMX relationships may be particularly important for the facilitation of knowledge exchange. Managers may draw on this finding to develop their relationships with employees by means of relationship-oriented behaviors. Originality/value – Given the importance of knowledge-sharing processes, a better understanding of the conditions under which knowledge donating related to knowledge collecting is particularly important. The present study advances knowledge on SLMX and ELMX relationships by demonstrating how SLMX moderates the association between knowledge donating and knowledge collecting.
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Wu, Wei-Li, Chien-Hsin Lin, Bi-Fen Hsu, and Ryh-Song Yeh. "Interpersonal trust and knowledge sharing: Moderating effects of individual altruism and a social interaction environment." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 37, no. 1 (February 1, 2009): 83–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2009.37.1.83.
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The relationship between interpersonal trust and knowledge sharing was explored, along with the impact of individual altruism and a social interaction environment. Participants were employees in Taiwanese high-tech industries. Employees' perceived interpersonal trust, of either their colleagues or supervisor, was found to be positively correlated with their knowledge-sharing behaviors in the workplace. Employees' altruism traits were found to be a factor for them to share knowledge in the workplace and the trait of altruism was also found to reduce the positive association between trust of colleagues and knowledge sharing. An organizational social interaction environment intensifies the positive association between trust of colleagues and knowledge sharing. Theoretical and managerial implications of the study are discussed.
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Sh Ahmad, Sabarinah, Mohammad Nidzam Rahmat, Rugayah Hashim, and Noorsalissa Saedan. "Translational Social Science and Humanities Research in Malaysia." Asian Journal of Behavioural Studies 1, no. 2 (July 1, 2016): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/ajbes.v1i2.32.
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Research outputin Malaysia is shown through publications, funding, intellectual property and knowledge transfer. This paper studies the issues of translating knowledge of social science and humanities research into beneficial products. Data is gathered from primary and secondary sources. The findings show slower output and fair amount of publications, reasonable funding for research, lack of quantified knowledge translation between universities and industry, and relatively new research culture. Conclusively, more effort is needed to translate research into practice for social science and humanities research in Malaysia.2398-4295 © 2016. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK.. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.Keywords: Translational research; social science; humanities; research to practice
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Gomes, Uilho Antonio, and Edmundo Mouod Carvalho. "Knowledge of People about Câncer Prevention in Brazil." Revista Brasileira de Cancerologia 45, no. 3 (September 21, 2022): 29–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.32635/2176-9745.rbc.1999v45n3.2781.
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Several associations between cancer and some risk factors mainly concerning lifestyle, are well established. In view of the importance to convey this knowledge to the population for effective cancer prevention, this research was carried out to assess the level of information in a population in the countryside of Brazil. A survey by household interview was carried out in a probabilistic sample of four towns in order to obtain data on the knowledge of people about the association between tobacco, alcohol, certain types of food and sunlight, and the occurrence of cancer. The sample was obtained in a two phases process (blocks and houses) and every person older than 20 years was interviewed in the selected house. A total of 1084 persons were interviewed and their level of knowledge about the association between cancer and the risk factors was low (60% for tobacco, 45% for alcohol, 39% for certain foods and 67% for solar irradiation). This level increased with schooling and socioeconomic levei and decreased with age for people older than 60 years. This did not occur for alcohol, for which the trend went in the opposite direction regarding schooling and social class. The level of knowledge about these associations was higher for women. These data permitted us to identify population groups which could benefit from programs aimed to change their style of life.
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Kim, Jeong Dong, Suk Hyung Hwang, and Doo Kwon Baik. "FCA-Based Data Analysis for Discovering Association Rules in Social Network Service." Applied Mechanics and Materials 764-765 (May 2015): 910–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.764-765.910.
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Recently, Formal Concept Analysis (FCA) have been widely used for various purposes in many different domains such as data mining, machine learning, knowledge management and so on. In this paper, we introduce FCA as the basis for a practical and well founded methodological approach for data analysis which identifies conceptual structures among data sets. As well as, we propose a FCA-based data analysis for discovering association rules by using polarity from social contents. Additionally, we show the experiments that demonstrate how our data analysis approaches can be applied for knowledge discovery by using association rules.
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Kassirer, Jay, Craig Lefebvre, Winthrop Morgan, Rebekah Russell-Bennett, Ross Gordon, Jeff French, L. Suzanne Suggs, Nancy Lee, and Brian J. Biroscak. "Social Marketing Comes of Age: A Brief History of the Community of Practice, Profession, and Related Associations, With Recommendations for Future Growth." Social Marketing Quarterly 25, no. 3 (August 11, 2019): 209–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1524500419866206.
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The emergence of the International Social Marketing Association (iSMA) and its affiliated regional associations is a key indicator that social marketing is maturing, both as a community of practice and as a profession. Through these associations, the international social marketing community has developed a consensus definition of the discipline and a consensus list of basic competencies for social marketing certificate programs. The associations are currently working on certification programs and a code of ethics. Continued movement toward professionalization can help social marketers be recognized and valued more highly for their relevant skills, knowledge, expertise, trustworthiness and altruism. At the same time, the discipline must address a number of key challenges and opportunities, to stay relevant and thrive.
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Wolff, Geoffrey, Soumitra Pathare, Jom Craig, and Julian Leff. "Community Knowledge of Mental Illness and Reaction to Mentally Ill People." British Journal of Psychiatry 168, no. 2 (February 1996): 191–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.168.2.191.
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BackgroundWe test the hypothesis that negative attitudes to mentally ill people may be fuelled by a lack of knowledge.MethodA census of knowledge of mental illness was conducted in two areas prior to the opening of long-stay supported houses for the mentally ill in each area. Three attitudinal factors (Fear and Exclusion, Social Control and Goodwill) which had been extracted by factor analysis of the Community Attitudes toward the Mentally III (CAMI) inventory (see previous paper) were analysed in respect of their associations with knowledge of mental illness.ResultsMost respondents (80%) knew of somebody who had a mental illness but a substantial proportion of respondents had little knowledge about mental illness. Social Control showed an association with knowledge of mental illness. Groups who showed more socially controlling attitudes (especially those over 50 years old, those of lower social class, and those of non-Caucasian ethnic origin) had less knowledge about mental illness. Regression analysis revealed that when knowledge was taken into account age had no effect on Social Control, and the effect of social class and ethnic origin was diminished Respondents with children, who showed more Fear and Exclusion, were not less knowledgeable about mental illness.ConclusionsThe results support the hypothesis that negative attitudes, especially in older people, are fuelled by a lack of knowledge. Negative attitudes among people with children are not related to a lack of knowledge.
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Tiwari, Tamanna, Anila Poravanthattil, Nayanjot Rai, and Anne Wilson. "Association of Acculturation and Latino Parents’ Oral Health Beliefs and Knowledge." Children 8, no. 3 (March 22, 2021): 243. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children8030243.
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The purpose of our study was to explore the association of acculturation and Latino parent behavioral and psychosocial characteristics. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 197 parent-children triads. Participating parents completed survey questions encompassing oral health knowledge, behaviors and beliefs from a validated oral health instrument. The mean score for acculturation in this sample was 3.8, where acculturation was dichotomized to a categorical variable. The bivariate associations between the independent variables (caregiver psychosocial factors and socio-economic factors (SES) factors) and acculturation (more/less acculturated) were conducted using logistic regression analysis, and for the final model a multivariate logistic regression model was used. In the bivariate analyses, less acculturated parents reported lower oral health knowledge (p = 0.02), higher social support (p = 0.028) and chronic stress (p = 0.015) and lower perceived susceptibility to dental caries in their children (p = 0.039). The bivariate analysis demonstrated that less acculturated parents had less education and employment (p < 0.0001) than more acculturated parents. The multivariate logistic model demonstrated that social support (p = 0.028), chronic stress (p = 0.015) and health beliefs as barriers to access dental care (p = 0.039) were higher in less acculturated parents compared to more acculturated parents. Less acculturated parents demonstrated lower oral health knowledge, higher stress and more barriers to accessing oral health care for their children. Oral health interventions for Latino families should incorporate strategies that include consideration of parental oral health beliefs.
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Wahi, Ashok Kumar, Yajulu Medury, and Rajnish Kumar Misra. "Social Media." International Journal of Service Science, Management, Engineering, and Technology 5, no. 3 (July 2014): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijssmet.2014070101.
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The purpose of this paper is to provide an understanding of the Web 2.0 phenomenon and social media and its implications on customer relationship management, in order to learn that online communities and social networking are at the core of the enterprise of future or Enterprise 2.0. A range of published articles and books regarding Web 2.0, Enterprise 2.0, CRM 2.0 and social networking are examined and critiqued. A model is proposed to establish the association between Enterprise 2.0 and Information Technology from the perspective of social media. The sources are divided into three basic elements: Web 2.0, Online Social Networking websites and CRM 2.0. If Enterprise 2.0 is the enterprise of future then Social Media is the future of enterprise. Customer engagement and customer value proposition form the core of Enterprise 2.0 and online communities and social media form the corresponding core for knowledge creation and integration of Enterprise 2.0. Social media should affect customer relationship management in organizations. In the knowledge society of the future extended enterprises will become the basis of business rather than the competitive strength of individual enterprises and therefore the need to proactively prepare for it.
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O’Brien, Kymberlee M., Jerrold Meyer, Edward Tronick, and Celia L. Moore. "Hair cortisol and lifetime discrimination: Moderation by subjective social status." Health Psychology Open 4, no. 1 (January 2017): 205510291769517. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2055102917695176.
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Discrimination has been associated with elevated cortisol as measured in saliva, blood, and urine. This study investigated the association between lifetime discrimination and hair cortisol concentrations, considered a measure of chronic stress. We recruited 180 young adults from diverse backgrounds. Participant responses to lifetime discrimination, home stress, and subjective status measures were recorded. Lifetime discrimination significantly predicted hair cortisol concentrations, supporting past research that discrimination experiences impact neuroendocrine systems. To our knowledge, these are the first findings associating hair cortisol concentrations with discrimination and supports prior evidence positing discrimination as a chronic stressor that serves as a risk factor for chronic disease.
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Genç, Erhan, Christoph Fraenz, Caroline Schlüter, Patrick Friedrich, Manuel C. Voelkle, Rüdiger Hossiep, and Onur Güntürkün. "The Neural Architecture of General Knowledge." European Journal of Personality 33, no. 5 (September 2019): 589–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.2217.
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Cognitive performance varies widely between individuals and is highly influenced by structural and functional properties of the brain. In the past, neuroscientific research was principally concerned with fluid intelligence, while neglecting its equally important counterpart crystallized intelligence. Crystallized intelligence is defined as the depth and breadth of knowledge and skills that are valued by one's culture. The accumulation of crystallized intelligence is guided by information storage capacities and is likely to be reflected in an individual's level of general knowledge. In spite of the significant role general knowledge plays for everyday life, its neural foundation largely remains unknown. In a large sample of 324 healthy individuals, we used standard magnetic resonance imaging along with functional magnetic resonance imaging and diffusion tensor imaging to examine different estimates of brain volume and brain network connectivity and assessed their predictive power with regard to both general knowledge and fluid intelligence. Our results demonstrate that an individual's level of general knowledge is associated with structural brain network connectivity beyond any confounding effects exerted by age or sex. Moreover, we found fluid intelligence to be best predicted by cortex volume in male subjects and functional network connectivity in female subjects. Combined, these findings potentially indicate different neural architectures for information storage and information processing. © 2019 European Association of Personality Psychology
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Kim, Joo Young, and Young Ook Kim. "The association of spatial configuration with social network for elderly in social housing." Indoor and Built Environment 29, no. 3 (September 19, 2017): 405–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1420326x17732612.
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This study aimed to investigate the association of spatial configuration with social interaction for elderly. A social housing in Seoul was selected for the case study. Using space syntax and social network analysis, the association was examined statistically. This research employed an integration indicator which is most closely related to space use pattern. Questionnaire and interview surveys were conducted to illustrate the pattern of social network. Using the collected data, NetMiner was utilized to conduct a quantitative analysis. Degree, closeness and betweenness indicators were employed to measure relationships in these networks and between individuals. The characteristics of the association established by the statistical analysis between spatial network of housing estate and social network of elderly were discussed. Our results show that spatial network properties can explain characteristics of social network. The accessibility of residential spaces for elderly individuals in social housing apartment complex has an effect on the strength of the social network with neighbours. Also, analysis of the spatial configuration accessibility for the elderly population with integration values has illustrated that the result was opposite to the general theory that ‘the locations with high accessibility could foster more interactions’. Our findings have suggested that we can have a better knowledge to foster more social network among elderly by planning improved spatial network.
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Marahatta, S. B., J. Kaewkungwal, P. Ramasoota, and P. Singhasivanon. "Risk factors of Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis in central Nepal: A pilot study." Kathmandu University Medical Journal 8, no. 4 (June 5, 2012): 392–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kumj.v8i4.6238.
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Introduction Tuberculosis is the most widespread infectious disease in Nepal and poses a serious threat to the health and development of the country. Incidences of drug resistant tuberculosis in Nepal are increasing and this tuberculosisis a major threat to successfully controlling tuberculosis . Objective The general objective of the study was to assess the risk factors of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis among the patients attending the National Tuberculosis Centre, Bhaktpur Nepal. Methods An observational study/ case-control study with a Atotal number of 55 multi-drug resistant tuberculosis cases and 55 controls. The study was conducted among the patient attending in the National Tuberculosis Centre , Bhaktpur Nepal for six months, between May–October 2010. sImulti-drug resistant tuberculosis wasThe collected data was analysed in SPSS 11.5 version. The association between categorical variables were analysed by chi-square tests, OR and their 95% CI were measured. Results The total number of patients used for the study was 110, of which among them 55 were cases and 55 were controls . Our study revealed that there were significant associations between history of prior TB MDR-TB OR =2.799 (95 % CI 1.159 to 6.667) (p=0.020); smoking habit OR =2.350 and (95%CI 1.071 to 5.159) (p=0.032); social stigma social stigma OR 2.655 (95%CI r 1.071 to 5.159) (p=0.013); knowledge on MDR-TB OR =9.643 (95% CI 3.339 to 27.846) (p < 0.001)and knowledge on DOTS Plus OR=16.714 (95% CI is ranging from 4.656 to 60.008) (p< 0.001). However, there was no association found between alcohol drinking habits and ventilation in the room. Conclusion Our study revealed that there were significant associations between history of prior tuberculosis, smoking habit social stigma social stigma, knowledge on multi-drug resistant tuberculosis and knowledge on DOTS Plus with multi-drug resistant tuberculosis However there was no association between alcohol drinking habit and ventilation in room with multi-drug resistant tuberculosis. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kumj.v8i4.6238 Kathmandu Univ Med J 2010;8(4):392-7
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Almeida, Deybson Borba de, Gilberto Tadeu Reis da Silva, Genival Fernandes de Freitas, Maria Itayra Padilha, and Igor Ferreira Borba de Almeida. "Discursive archaeology: constituting knowledge of militant nurses in trade associations." Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem 71, no. 3 (May 2018): 1128–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2017-0277.
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ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the constituting knowledge of militant nurses in trade associations. Method: Historical research, based on the oral history method, with a qualitative approach carried out with 11 nurses who are/were militants for professional issues since the 1980s in the state of Bahia. The data collected through semi-structured interviews were organized in the software n-vivo 10 and analyzed based on dialectical hermeneutics. Results: We identified pedagogical, administrative, public health, sociological, and trade union background knowledge as constituent of militant individuals. Final considerations: The constituting knowledge of militant nurses are inscribed in the Social Sciences, distanced from biomedical knowledge and power, pointing at ways for structuring nursing curricula. We identified the Brazilian Association of Nursing as a space for political formation.
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Azambuja, Marcos Adegas de, Carolina dos Reis, Neuza Maria de Fátima Guareschi, and Simone Maria Hüning. "Mapping out the subject of Brazilian social psychology in the production of the national association of research and post-graduate studies in psychology." Psicologia & Sociedade 25, spe (2013): 3–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-71822013000500002.
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This paper problematizes the Brazilian Social Psychology and its knowledge production on the registers of the Work Group (WG) of symposiums of the National Association of Research and Post-Graduation in Psychology (ANPEPP), during 1988 to 2010. Using Michel Foucault's archeo-genealogical perspective and the contributions by Ian Hacking about the historical ontology of subjects, we analyzed technologies of power and knowledge in the disciplines of Social Psychology. We selected the WG abstracts in which circulate the utterances that make up the discursive field of Brazilian Social Psychology. Using the narrative of WGs we outlined a discursive formation of identities/technologies of the subject. The knowledges of Social Psychology in the history of the ANPEPP's WGs contribute to the constitution of categories and psychological classifications which objectivize subjects. We think Social Psychology, in its criticisms related to psychological and social concepts comprises practices and regimes of truth about the subject of Social Psychology.
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Jo, Soojung, Keenan A. Pituch, and Nancy Howe. "The Relationships Between Social Media and Human Papillomavirus Awareness and Knowledge: Cross-sectional Study." JMIR Public Health and Surveillance 8, no. 9 (September 20, 2022): e37274. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/37274.
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Background Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection. HPV can infect both females and males, and it can cause many cancers, including anal, cervical, vaginal, vulvar, and penile cancers. HPV vaccination rates are lower than vaccination rates within other national vaccination programs, despite its importance. Research literature indicates that people obtain health-related information from internet sources and social media; however, the association between such health-seeking behavior on social media and HPV-related behaviors has not been consistently demonstrated in the literature. Objective This study aims to examine the association between social media usage and HPV knowledge and HPV awareness. Methods This study analyzed public health data collected through the Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS) conducted by the US National Cancer Institute. The analysis used data collected in 2020; in total, 2948 responses were included in the analysis. Six HPV-related questions were used to identify HPV awareness, HPV vaccine awareness, and HPV knowledge about HPV-related cancers. Four questions about social media usage and one question about online health information–seeking behavior were used to analyze the associations between social media usage and HPV-related behaviors. Initially, six logistic regressions were conducted using replicate weights. Based on the results, significant factors were included in a second set of regression analyses that also included demographic variables. Results About half of the respondents were aware of HPV (68.40%), the HPV vaccine (64.04%), and the relationship between HPV and cervical cancer (48.00%). However, fewer respondents were knowledgeable about the relationships between HPV and penile cancer (19.18%), anal cancer (18.33%), and oral cancer (19.86%). Although social media usage is associated with HPV awareness, HPV vaccine awareness, and knowledge of cervical cancer, these associations were not significant after adjusting for demographic variables. Those less likely to report HPV awareness and knowledge included older participants, males, those with a household income of less than US $20,000, those with a formal education equal to or less than high school, or those who resided in a household where adults are not fluent in English. Conclusions After adjusting for demographic variables, social media use was not related to HPV knowledge and awareness, and survey respondents were generally not aware that HPV can lead to specific types of cancer, other than cervical cancer. These results suggest that perhaps a lack of high-quality information on social media may impede HPV awareness and knowledge. Efforts to educate the public about HPV via social media might be improved by using techniques like storytelling or infographics, especially targeting vulnerable populations, such as older participants, males, those with low incomes, those with less formal education, or those who reside in the United States but are not fluent in English.
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B. K. Baines, G. "Ecocolonialism and indigenous knowledge systems - comment." Pacific Conservation Biology 1, no. 2 (1994): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc940087.
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In the South Pacific islands it is unrealistic to approach biodiversity conservation without, at the same time, addressing the social and economic needs of those who have a customary association with the area concerned. Cox and Elmqvist (1993) have recognized this and pursued an innovative course of action for rainforest protection. Their disappointment at the loss of an opportunity for external assistance to Tafua villagers for rainforest conservation is understandable. It is important that the reasons for this missed opportunity be known and understood.
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Newton, Ken, and Sonja Zmerli. "Three forms of trust and their association." European Political Science Review 3, no. 2 (April 1, 2011): 169–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1755773910000330.
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This article investigates the relationships between particular social trust, general social trust, and political trust and tests a variety of political, social-psychological, and social capital theories of them. This sort of research has not been carried out before because until the World Values Survey of 2005–07 there has been, to our knowledge, no comparative survey that includes measures of particular and other forms of trust. The new data challenge a common assumption that particular social trust is either harmful or of little importance in modern democracies and shows that it has strong, positive associations with other forms of trust. However, the relationships are not symmetrical and particular social trust seems to be a necessary but not sufficient cause of general social trust, and both forms of social trust appear to be necessary, but not sufficient conditions for political trust. Strong evidence of mutual associations between different forms of trust at both the individual micro level and the contextual macro level supports theories of rainmaker effects, the importance of political institutions, and the significance of social trust for political trust. In more ways than one, social trust, not least of a particular type, seems to have an important bearing on social and political stability.
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Anand, Aastha, and Meghna Sharma. "Social norms moderating the attitude-intention relationship in adopting sustainable products." Innovative Marketing 19, no. 4 (December 22, 2023): 284–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/im.19(4).2023.23.
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Rapid economic growth, global consumption patterns, and prevailing human practices are primary contributors to environmental degradation. This study aims to understand the moderating role played by social norms in shaping consumer attitudes and their intention to buy sustainable personal care products. Psychosocial factors related to the environment, including environmental orientation, environmental knowledge, and perceived environmental responsibility, were taken as independent variables. The research population includes urban educated consumers in the region of Delhi, the capital of India. The survey instrument was shared among 390 participants via e-mail, Google Groups, and other social networking sites. The data from 238 respondents using the convenience sampling technique were collected, and AMOS structural equation modeling (Version 23.0) was used for analysis. The results validate the role of social norms as a moderator in the association between attitude (β = 0.186, p &lt; 0.05) and intentions (β = 0.215 at p &lt; 0.05) to acquire sustainable personal care products. The results also indicated a positive relationship between consumer attitude and purchase intention (β = 0.301, p &lt; 0.01). The findings suggest a positive correlation between an individual’s environmental orientation, knowledge and responsibility, and inclination toward sustainable personal care products. The study shows a significant positive impact of environmental orientation on attitude toward sustainable personal care products (β = 0.332, p &lt; 0.01). Also, a positive association between environmental knowledge and attitude (β = 0.291, p &lt; 0.01) and perceived environmental responsibility (β = 0.227, p &lt; 0.05) was observed.
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Siliniece, Sandra, and Anika Miltuze. "Relationship Between Family History Knowledge, Identity Style and Resilience of 16-19 Year Old Adolescents." Baltic Journal of Psychology 23, no. 1/2 (December 20, 2022): 41–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.22364/bjp.23.03.
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The aim of the present study was to examine the relationships between family history knowledge, identity style and resilience of 16–19 year old adolescents. Participating in the study were 110 adolescents (75% female, 25% male), ages 16–19 year (M = 17,62; SD = 1,23). They completed the Do You Know scale (Duke, Lazarus & Fivush, 2008), the Identity Style Inventory (Berzonsky, 1992) and the Resilience Scale for Adults (Friborg et al., 2005). The results showed positive associations between knowledge of family history and informational, normative identity style and resilience; and negative association with diffuse identyty style. Knowledge of family history predicted identity style and resilience, with the exception of the social resource factor ratings. Relationships with mother predicted the resilience factors of self-perception, family cohesion and social resources. The internal resource factor of resilience provided partial mediation between knowledge of family history and informative identity style.
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Sichling, Florian, and Diane Beckerle O’Brien. "Knowledge That Changes Social Work Practice." Advances in Social Work 19, no. 2 (April 11, 2020): 383–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.18060/22918.
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There is continuing interest in the relationship between knowledge and practice in social work. Overly narrow conceptualizations of the EBP model deepened the gap between practice knowledge and formal research evidence in the profession. While much has been written about the dissemination and adaptation of research findings to practice, much less is known about the actual sources of knowledge social workers draw on in their practice. This paper reports findings from an exploratory survey about the sources and content of knowledge that changed professional practice among social work field instructors (n=250) in St. Louis. An analysis of open-ended responses revealed that co-workers and continuing education programs are the most important sources for knowledge and information that influence practice. While academic journals are perceived by practitioners to be relatively unimportant sources for such knowledge, research findings on the background and effectiveness of interventions, make up the primary content that appears to affect social work practice. The findings suggest that formal research knowledge is important but that it is primarily accessed through professional networks and training programs instead of directly from peer-reviewed journals. Social media platforms seemed to be insignificant sources for professional knowledge. These insights raise important questions about how social workers use social media and the role of occupational networks and associations for the dissemination of research findings. Finally, our findings suggest that agencies and researchers think more purposefully about the infusion of knowledge into practice through opportunities for professional socialization, the use of research briefs, and open-access, peer-reviewed journals.
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Qadar, Fazal, Imran, Sarfaraz Khan, Nazirullah, and Zahid Nasir. "Linking Social Connectedness to Subjective Well-Being: A Positioning Model of Mechanical Social Solidarity." Qlantic Journal of Social Sciences 4, no. 4 (December 30, 2023): 148–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.55737/qjss.065322229.
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The study measures the association between social connectedness and subjective well-being in rural communities. The study’s population was rural areas of District Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. A quantitative analysis was designed, and data was collected randomly with the help of a well-structured interview schedule from males and females at two Tehsils of Swat, i.e., Khwazakehla and Matta, with a sample size of (n=473). The collected data was analyzed through descriptive and inferential statistics. The results revealed that social connectedness has an association with subjective well-being among rural communities. In conclusion, the study highlights that community people share interests, ideas, and thinking about social networking, which ultimately helps poor, marginalized people and voluntarily informs the communities regarding communal problems. The study recommended to policymakers that knowledge from outside sources is essential and that extensive networks of individuals need more up-to-date information regarding the healthcare system and their expectations for the future.
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Araujo, Marcos Vinícius, Grégory Lo Monaco, and Kelly Lissandra Bruch. "Social Mobility and the Social Representation of Sparkling Wine in Brazil and France." Wine Economics and Policy 10, no. 1 (April 14, 2021): 89–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/wep-8873.
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Wine is a social object, established in the Old World and later migrated to the New World. Champagne is an internationally important and famous French sparkling wine, significantly present worldwide. Brazil, a New-World wine producer, has a recent but expanding history of sparkling wine production and consumption. As to its social aspect, this product has different representations and roles in both these countries. Therefore, this study aims to understand how culture and social status influence the organization of social representations associated with sparkling wines in Brazil and France. Thus, we used the Social Representation approach, a theory of knowledge and communication. For content collection, we carried out a verbal association task. Two hundred and thirteen Brazilians and one hundred ninety-eight French participants provided the first four words which came to mind after hearing four inducted words. The verbal associations were categorized using semantic contextualization. Then, we performed a Correspondence Factor Analysis. The results supported our hypothesis that culture, social status, and social origins all influence social representations associated with sparkling wine, revealing this kind of wine to be a product of social distinction and affluence.
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Mohammadi, Somayyeh, Victoria Bogle, Heather Cathcart, Sarah Park, and William C. Miller. "Poster (Knowledge Generation) ID 1969461." Topics in Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation 29, suppl (September 1, 2023): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.46292/sci23-1969461s.
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Background Individuals with SCI often receive care from their family members. Caregiving responsibilities lead to caregiver burden. Receiving social support may mitigate the negative impacts of caregiving. Caregivers can obtain support from people they meet in-person, such as family members and people with whom they interact through social platforms. Objectives Our objective was to investigate the moderating effect of in-person and online social supports on the association between relationship quality, caregiver competence, caregiver distress and caregiver burden. Methods/Overview 115 caregivers who resided in Canada or the United States, understood and spoke English, and self-identified as primary family caregivers of an individual with SCI were sampled. Participants completed measures assessing relationship quality, competence, distress, burden, and in-person and online social support. Three separate moderation analyses for each outcome variable (i.e. relationship quality, competence, and distress), were conducted. In analyses, burden was the predictor, and online and in-person support were moderators. Results Moderation analyses showed that online support moderates the link between caregiver burden and distress. Slope analyses revealed that the positive relationship between burden and distress was weaker when caregivers reported lower levels of online support (p=0.005); this relationship was more robust when caregivers reported higher levels of online support (p <.001). Other moderation analyses were not statistically significant. Conclusions Online support increases distress in family caregivers. It is likely that comparing their life with other caregivers or being exposed to other caregivers’ grief negatively affects caregivers. More research is needed to understand how online support impacts caregivers negatively.
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Zhang, Wenxue. "Religious Social Enterprises." China Nonprofit Review 7, no. 2 (November 20, 2015): 345–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18765149-12341299.
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Beijing Tianyi Nursing Home is a private non-profit nursing organization invested and sponsored by Catholic Patriotic Association with the ideal of rehabilitating the seniors. Tianyi Nursing Home is a typical religious social enterprise characterized by its background of Catholic faith, its purpose of social welfare, and its pursuit of sustainable development and balance of payments. Through field observations and in-depth interviews, the author studies the case of Tianyi Nursing Home, explores its different stages of historical development, reviews its successful experiences, strengths and deficits, and thus develops some knowledge about the growth process, operational mode and rules of religious social enterprises, and provides a reference for theoretical study and actual operation of religious social enterprises in mainland China.
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Dowling, Maritza, Hiroko Dodge, Antonio Puente, and Beverly Lunsford. "Can Social Connections Improve Dementia Knowledge Among Homebound Community-Dwelling Older African Americans?" Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 290. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.930.
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Abstract Despite the clear and compelling association between social connections and well-being, the underlying mechanisms that help stave off adverse health impacts are not well understood, particularly among older adults in disadvantaged groups. Social relationships in older age may be instrumental for exchanging and gaining knowledge that further influence health and help increase awareness about misconceptions and lifestyle behaviors known to delay or reduce cognitive decline. This study used cross-sectional survey data from 147(aged 58-90 years; 75% female) low-income African American homebound community dwellers to investigate heterogeneity in dementia literacy profiles and its association with social connectedness. Eleven items (false=0, true=1, don’t know=2) from a validated instrument were used to measure dementia literacy (DL). The Lubben’s social network scale was used for a social connectedness construct. We employed a 2-stage latent class modeling approach to examine heterogeneity in DL and estimate the regressions among the derived classes and the predictors (social connectedness, education level and age). A 3-class model produced a reasonable fit and classification (entropy=0.852) of “dementia literacy patterns” labeled as (high-literacy:37%), moderate-literacy:45.2%), low-literacy:17.8%)). Social connectedness was highly predictive of class membership. A high level of social relationships increased the probability of being in the “high-dementia-literacy” class compared to the “low-dementia-literacy” class (OR=2.189, p=0.016). For a unit increase in social connectedness, the odds of being in the “high-dementia-literacy” class compared to the “low-dementia-literacy” class increased by a factor of 2.2. Tailored and focused interventions to reduce social disconnectedness may also help increase dementia awareness and reduce barriers to early diagnosis.
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Rajhans, Purva, Fabio Mainardi, Sean Austin, Norbert Sprenger, Sean Deoni, Jonas Hauser, and Nora Schneider. "The Role of Human Milk Oligosaccharides in Myelination, Socio-Emotional and Language Development: Observational Data from Breast-Fed Infants in the United States of America." Nutrients 15, no. 21 (October 31, 2023): 4624. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu15214624.
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Infancy is a critical period for neurodevelopment, which includes myelination, synaptogenesis, synaptic pruning, and the development of motor, social-emotional, and cognitive functions. Human milk provides essential nutrients to the infant’s developing brain, especially during the first postnatal months. Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are a major component of human milk, and there is growing evidence of the association of individual HMOs with cognitive development in early life. However, to our knowledge, no study has explained these associations with a mechanism of action. Here, we investigated possible mediating associations between HMOs in human milk, brain myelination (measured via myelin water fraction), and measures of motor, language (collected via the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development (Bayley-III)), and socioemotional development (collected via the Ages and Stages Questionnaire: Social-Emotional Version (ASQ-SE)) in healthy term-born breast-fed infants. The results revealed an association between 6′Sialyllactose and social skills that was mediated by myelination. Furthermore, associations of fucosylated HMOs with language outcomes were observed that were not mediated by myelination. These observations indicate the roles of specific HMOs in neurodevelopment and associated functional outcomes, such as social-emotional function and language development.
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Joseena, Sr. "An Evaluation Study on Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHA)." Indian Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 9, no. 1 (March 15, 2021): 57–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.21088/ijog.2321.1636.9121.9.
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One of the core strategies of NRHM was to promote access to improved health care at household level through ASHA. A community based research study was conducted to assess the knowledge and functioning of ASHA with respect to three selected districts of Kerala and to analyze the problems faced by them in the delivery of Primary Health Care Services at the village level. A survey approach with selective employment of qualitative method was used.A descriptive cross sectional survey design was used. To represent the entire state of Kerala one district each from Northern (Wayanad, Central (Kottayam), and Southern (Thiruvananthapuram) region of Kerala was randomly selected. The Sample consists of 405 ASHAs and 73 JPHNs and they were selected using cluster sampling technique. Data collection instruments were structured knowledge questionnaire, self administered rating scale ,focus group interview guidelines, in-depth interview guidelines and opinionnaire. Quantitative analysis revealed that almost half (42.3%) of the ASHAs from Thiruvananthapuram belongs to the category of good knowledge level ,Thiruvananthapuram (good- 36.3%) has better functioning than Kottayam and Wayanad and Significant association was found between knowledge scores and educational status and level of satisfaction of ASHA workers(P>0.05). Themes derived from qualitative analysis are problems related to Maternal Child Health services, adoption of Family planning services, Communicable and Non communicable Disease monitoring, work load, Lack of transportation facilities, Inadequate payment structure, inappropriate Government health infrastructure ,lack of recognition by the Panchayat, lack of medicine kit, lack of follow up after initial training, inadequate knowledge and communication skill, lack of supervision and lack of co-operation from the families. Majority (49.3%) of the JPHNs have only average opinion regarding the functioning of ASHAs in the community. Only 16(21.9%) had good opinion about the services rendered by the ASHAs in the community. Key Words: ASHA; JPHN; Knowledge; Functioning; Primary Health Care Services.
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Moestue, Helen, Sharon Huttly, Lydia Sarella, and Sheik Galab. "‘The bigger the better’ – mothers' social networks and child nutrition in Andhra Pradesh." Public Health Nutrition 10, no. 11 (November 2007): 1274–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980007702896.
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AbstractObjectiveIt is hypothesised that mothers' social networks can positively affect child nutrition through the sharing of health knowledge and other resources. The present study describes the composition of mothers' networks, examines their association with child nutrition, and assesses whether health knowledge is shared within networks.Design and settingCross-sectional data for mothers of young children from Andhra Pradesh (south India) were combined with existing data from the Young Lives study, in which the mothers were participating (n = 282).ResultsThe composition of social networks varied between urban and rural areas, with urban networks being larger, more female, more literate and with a greater proportion of members living outside the household and being non-family. There was a positive association between child's height-for-age Z-score and mother's network size and network literacy rate. The association with network literacy was stronger among the poorest households. Women commonly reported seeking or receiving health advice from network members.ConclusionBig and literate social networks are associated with better child nutrition, especially among the poor. The dissemination of health knowledge between network members is a plausible way in which social networks benefit child nutrition in India. Further research into the underlying mechanisms is necessary to inform the development of interventions that channel health information through word of mouth to the most excluded and vulnerable families.
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Md. Sharif, Mohd Shazali, Mohd Salehuddin Mohd Zahari, Norazmir Md Nor, and Rosmaliza Muhammad. "Can Traditional Food Knowledge Be Transferred?" Asian Journal of Behavioural Studies 3, no. 11 (May 19, 2018): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/ajbes.v3i11.97.
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This study attempts to identify and recognize the approach of food knowledge transfer that can be applied by the younger generation practices. The observation and ethnographic technique performed during the actual food preparation process of the Malay festive celebrations. Purchasing food ingredients, making an observation, hands-on cooking, regular practices, attending ceremonial events and consume the Malay traditional food were the behaviour that's been identified in introducing and passing the Malay traditional food knowledge to the younger generations. Family food tradition should be passed down and evolved along with the social and technological progress to retain the ethnic cultural identity.Keywords: food knowledge, food practices, knowledge transfer, Malay foodeISSN 2398-4295 © 2018. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open-access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/ajbes.v3i11.97
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SNELLING, DANA, D. WALTER RASUGU OMARIBA, SUNGJIN HONG, KATHOLIKI GEORGIADES, YVONNE RACINE, and MICHAEL H. BOYLE. "HIV/AIDS KNOWLEDGE, WOMEN’S EDUCATION, EPIDEMIC SEVERITY AND PROTECTIVE SEXUAL BEHAVIOUR IN LOW- AND MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES." Journal of Biosocial Science 39, no. 3 (May 2007): 421–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932006001465.
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Summary.A fundamental public health strategy to reduce the risk of HIV/AIDS is to increase levels of awareness and knowledge about the disease. Although knowledge about HIV/AIDS and protective sexual behaviour are linked theoretically, relatively little is known about their empirical relationship. Using Demographic and Health Survey data from 23 low- and middle-income countries, this study used multilevel logistic regression models: to examine cross-national variability in the relationship between HIV/AIDS knowledge and protective behaviour (condom use and restricted sex); to investigate the moderating influences of women’s educational attainment on this relationship; and to test the extent to which severity of the HIV/AIDS epidemic accounts for cross-national variability in the association between HIV/AIDS knowledge and protective behaviour. There was an association between increased knowledge of HIV/AIDS and condom use that varied in strength and form cross-nationally. This cross-national variation was accounted for partially by the socioeconomic characteristics of women resident in the study countries and between-country differences in the severity of the HIV epidemic. While education modified the association between HIV/AIDS knowledge and protective behaviour – stronger associations at lower levels of education – epidemic severity exerted a stronger influence on behaviour than any other characteristic. Finally, this study indicates that protective sexual practices are disturbingly low. In eight of 23 countries, overall levels of condom use to prevent STDs and HIV/AIDS were less than 5·0%. Waiting for the spread of HIV/AIDS infection to change sexual practices in low- and middle-income countries will result in dramatic unnecessary suffering.
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Mehboob, Arshi, and Divya Sanghi. "Influence of Nutrition Knowledge on the Association between Maternal Nutrition and Birth Outcomes." International Journal of Child Health and Nutrition 12, no. 2 (May 25, 2023): 58–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.6000/1929-4247.2023.12.02.3.
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Maternal undernutrition is a complex condition that arises from various factors, including social, cultural, psycho-social, biological, and ecological factors. The intergenerational consequences of chronic malnutrition, starting with mothers and their children, account for a significant proportion of infant deaths, cognitive disability, and reduced productivity in adulthood. Therefore, having nutritional knowledge throughout pregnancy is crucial for better risk assessment of undernutrition and healthy pregnancy outcomes. The study examined whether trimester-specific nutrition education and awareness could significantly impact the relationship between maternal nutrition and birth outcomes and found that this association was stronger in women with higher levels of nutrition knowledge. As a result, a food-based approach that is both low-cost and high-nutrition can help meet the specific nutritional requirements of pregnancy, alter certain nutrients that target fetal metabolic vulnerabilities, or enhance fetal growth and development in the migrant population. The review explores recent research and discusses how nutrition literacy and knowledge influence pregnancy and birth outcomes, providing an overview of the current understanding of maternal nutritional trimester-specific needs and highlighting areas that still require further study. The findings emphasize the importance of considering diet diversity and peer support during pregnancy, considering the impact that nutrition knowledge has on pregnancy outcomes.
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Zanbar, Lea, Sagit Lev, and Yifat Faran. "Can Physical, Psychological, and Social Vulnerabilities Predict Ageism?" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 1 (December 22, 2022): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20010171.
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Ageism can be expressed as the discrimination, social exclusion, and even abuse of older adults. The literature suggests that certain vulnerabilities could be risk factors affecting people’s ageism. Based on the Social Identity Theory, the present study aimed to examine the association of physical/psychological and social vulnerabilities with ageism. The sample consisted of 200 Israelis from the general population who completed self-report questionnaires. Hierarchical regression indicated that low well-being, high post-traumatic distress, and limited social support were associated with ageism. Furthermore, the association of post-traumatic distress with ageism increased with age. The findings expand the knowledge of vulnerabilities as risk factors for ageism, perhaps reflecting its unconscious nature, and can assist in designing interventions for people interacting with older adults.
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Dalmaso, Mario, Giulia Pavan, Luigi Castelli, and Giovanni Galfano. "Social status gates social attention in humans." Biology Letters 8, no. 3 (November 16, 2011): 450–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2011.0881.
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Humans tend to shift attention in response to the averted gaze of a face they are fixating, a phenomenon known as gaze cuing. In the present paper, we aimed to address whether the social status of the cuing face modulates this phenomenon. Participants were asked to look at the faces of 16 individuals and read fictive curriculum vitae associated with each of them that could describe the person as having a high or low social status. The association between each specific face and either high or low social status was counterbalanced between participants. The same faces were then used as stimuli in a gaze-cuing task. The results showed a greater gaze-cuing effect for high-status faces than for low-status faces, independently of the specific identity of the face. These findings confirm previous evidence regarding the important role of social factors in shaping social attention and show that a modulation of gaze cuing can be observed even when knowledge about social status is acquired through episodic learning.
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Śniecińska, Justyna. "Associations Between Self-Reported Temperament and Self-Knowledge." Journal of Individual Differences 41, no. 3 (June 2020): 144–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1614-0001/a000313.
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Abstract. Temperament and self-knowledge are both considered important regulators of behavior. Although their areas of influence overlap to some point, little is known about their association. Thus, the aim of this study was to explore if and how they are related to each other, specifically if temperamental dimensions predict self-evaluations in four important domains of self-knowledge. The results showed that temperamental dimensions derived from the regulative theory of temperament were predictors of self-evaluations in all four domains of self-knowledge to a certain degree. Temperament accounted for the greatest amount of variance in self-evaluations of the agency domain, which were positively predicted by briskness and activity, and negatively predicted by emotional reactivity. Both interpersonal attractiveness and social acceptance were positively predicted by briskness, activity, and sensory sensitivity, whereas positive predictors of morality were briskness and sensory sensitivity.
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Jamiran, Nur Syuhada, and Salizar Mohamed Ludin. "Knowledge, Attitude and Practice on Infection - Control Among IIUM Kuantan Nursing Students During Coronavirus 2019 Disease (COVID-19) Outbreak." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARE SCHOLARS 4, Supp1 (December 9, 2021): 58–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.31436/ijcs.v4isupp1.219.
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Introduction: Infection Control (IC) is a procedure and evidence-based practice applied in healthcare settings that can prevent the transmission of pathogens and microorganisms to health care workers, patients and visitors. It is reported that nursing students were found lacking knowledge and skills regarding standard precautions in infection control. Low knowledge and skills were reported to have a negative effect on the students’ compliance to standard precautions. Objectives: This study aims to discover the knowledge, attitude and practice on infection control after COVID-19 outbreak among nursing students. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 194 nursing students in IIUM Kuantan using online self-administered questionnaire. Data was interpreted in descriptive and inferential analysis using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0. Results: From 194 nursing students who participated in the study, the nursing students with good knowledge, attitude and practice were 57.2%, 56.2 % and 53.1%, respectively. There is association between gender and level of attitude (p=0.047). The results presented show that nursing students that have good knowledge showed significantly good attitude (p=0.002) and good attitude showed significantly good practice (p=0.001). Conclusion: The nursing student’s level of knowledge, attitude and practice were fairly good. There are association between gender and level of attitude but there are no significant associations between the other sociodemographic characteristics and level of knowledge, attitude, and practice on infection control. There are also associations between level of knowledge, attitude, and practice on infection control.
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Zubair, Ahsan, Rizwan Shabbir, Muhammad Azeem Abro, and Mahmood A. Husain Mahmood. "Impact of consumer information acquisition confidence, social outcome confidence on information search and sharing." Bottom Line 32, no. 3 (August 13, 2019): 230–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bl-05-2019-0085.
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Purpose This study aims to highlight the impact of information acquisition confidence and social outcome confidence on information search and information share intention. Moreover, the role of subjective knowledge is analyzed as a mediating variable among these relations. Design/methodology/approach This study conducted a survey which generated 233 valid responses. The data were analyzed using component factor analysis and structural equation modeling. Whereas, to examine the mediating effect, Hayes and Preacher (2008) model for statistical mediation analysis was used. Findings The results mainly supported the model by confirming that subjective knowledge, information acquisition confidence and social outcome confidence are positively related to information search intention. No association between information acquisition confidence and information sharing intention was found. The study's findings also suggested a positive association of social outcome confidence, subjective knowledge and information acquisition confidence with information share intention. Moreover, the results revealed that there is a significant and positive mediating effect of subjective knowledge between information acquisition confidence and information search intention. Subjective knowledge also acts as a mediator in the relationship between social outcome confidence and information sharing intention. Practical implications This study will be helpful for marketers and policymakers for designing marketing strategies which can enhance the flow of information. Moreover, this study will ensure the importance of information to marketers. Originality/value This paper fulfills an identified need to study the impact of consumer information acquisition confidence, social outcome confidence on information search and sharing with mediating role of subjective knowledge.
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Knight, Carolyn. "Teaching Effectiveness in the Social Work Practice Class: BSW Students' Views." Journal of Baccalaureate Social Work 8, no. 1 (September 1, 2002): 97–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.18084/1084-7219.8.1.97.
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One hundred and ninety-two students from seven social work programs were surveyed regarding their instructor's use of classroom teaching behaviors, exams, papers, and role plays and the instructor's knowledge, experience, and ability to serve as a role model. The association between these variables and three measures of teaching effectiveness was examined. Results suggest that the instructor's knowledge of the field practicum, the ability to convey this knowledge to students, and help students link classroom and field learning are critical. The findings reveal the subtle role played by instructor experience in enhancing teaching effectiveness. Implications of the findings are discussed, including contradictions between what students found helpful and what they reported their instructor actually did.