Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Assisted suicide Psychological aspects'
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Shepherd, Nicole. "Suicide survivors and the reactive suicide phenomenon." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=99563.
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A mail survey was conducted with 49 suicide survivors from 13 different suicide support groups across Canada. Participants were asked about their experiences of grieving a suicide and if the suicide was part of a cluster. Quantitative and qualitative research methodology was used in the coding and analysis of the data. A theory diagram was devised to test four hypotheses. Results of the regression analyses contradicted one hypothesis: showing that an increase in coping mechanisms may heighten levels of grief for a suicide survivor. The number of possible suicide linkages was highly significant with 5 of the 49 participants answering positively when asked if the suicide they were grieving was part of a cluster. Suicide bereavement groups were consistently rated as beneficial or very beneficial by participants. Lastly, content analysis of the open-ended questions showed a common experience of stigma associated with a suicidal death for survivors.
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Morrison, Rebecca. "Suicidal thinking and psychological distress : the role of personality and cognitive factors." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/1108.
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Objectives. This thesis aimed to examine a series of personality and cognitive factors as prospective predictors of suicidal thinking and psychological distress. A secondary objective was to examine any causal relationship between rumination and attentional biases. Method. In order to achieve the above objectives, a series of four studies were conducted. Studies one and three were prospective studies, using analogue samples, to examine the role of personality and cognitive factors in distress and suicidal thinking. In addition, study one also investigated the effect on attentional bias of manipulating rumination. Study two was an experimental study in which two different methods of manipulating attentional bias were piloted. The final study in this thesis employed a clinical sample of general hospital parasuicide patients to investigate whether relationships between personality and cognitive factors were replicable in a clinical population. Results. The personality and cognitive factors understudy were investigated within a research framework to examine their interactive effects. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed a number of moderating and mediating relationships between these personality and cognitive factors to prospectively predict both suicidal thinking and psychological distress. In addition, rumination was found to have a causal influence on positive attentional bias. Conclusions. Evidence from this thesis links personality and cognitive factors to both suicidal thinking and psychological distress in a series of moderating and mediating relationships. These are discussed in relation to the possible theoretical and clinical implications.
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Berger, Marcia. "A morally justified policy for assisted euthanasia." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/51578.
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Assignment (MPhil)--University of Stellenbosch, 2000.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study was undertaken to evaluate whether a mentally competent mature human being, who is suffering an intolerable, irremediable existence resulting from an incurable agonising or devastating paralysing disease; has a moral, personal and civic right to end that life or have it ended by requesting assistance in meeting death in a humane, compassionate and dignified manner. ~ The righteousness of such assistance can only be gauged if it follows the repeated and voluntary request of someone who is presently not suffering from any psychiatric disorder, is presently mentally competent or had made such a written or verbal witnessed advance directive while mentally competent to do so. ~ This study will not deal with assistance in dying either active or passive which is performed on severely mentally and physically handicapped new-born babies with scant prospect of survival; nor with euthanasia for the relief of malignant or paralysing disease in those with life-long [anoxic, congenital, inflammatory or traumatic] mental incompetencies who have never had decision-making capacity. ~ This study will not address issues of aid-in-dying for mentally incompetent persons suffering from senile dementia, Alzheimer's disease, or permanent vegetative states due to brain pathology following anoxic, circulatory, infective, malignant or traumatic events, who have not made advance directives and who had never stated preferences concerning assisted euthanasia. The aim of this study is to outline the moral case advanced by those in favour of legalising Voluntary Assisted Euthanasia [VAE] also called Assisted Euthanasia [AE] and to develop ethically sound and practical proposals for policy and actions contributing towards the resolution of the moral dilemma faced daily by doctors when asked by mentally competent patients suffering from irremediable malignant or paralysing diseases or the agonising symptoms of end-stage Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) for assistance to end their lives. }ii> This study will cover and discuss the more important objections of those opposed to the legalising of assisted suicide for mentally-competent terminal patients who are irremediably suffering in their bodies or from dehumanising incurable endstage paralysing diseases and are near to an inevitable death. }ii> The insights of philosophers, theologians, physicians and sociologists on the subject of suicide and aid-in-dying, have been researched in the extensive literature that exists (both in print and in cyberspace) on these subjects and are presented with the study. }ii> The study tries to show that a competent adult in certain grim circumstances should have an inalienable human right, if not a constitutional one, to request assisted euthanasia or aid-in-dying or assistance in ending their lives. }ii> Such assistance must be subject to peer review, after careful assessment by a multidisciplinary team in the healing [both physical and spiritual] professions This paper will try to determine whether the actionalisation of voluntary assisted suicide or assisted euthanasia is murder or an act of compassion and empathy performed out of respect for a fellow human being's autonomy and in deference to their right to self-determination and self-realisation. ~ The relevance of this situation is that aid-in-dying is becoming one of the major, moral, religious, philosophical and bio-medical dilemmas at this time. ~ The author's position is that it is neither just nor ethical to prevent a mentallycompetent human being, who is tormented by agonising, incurable terminal physical or irremediable paralysing disease, from deciding to chose to die when he/she can no longer bear the torment and asking for professional assistance to effect this. This relief should be given not only to those who are able to make an enduring, informed contemporaneous decision, but also to those who [when they still had decision-making capacity] had previously made a considered informed advance directive about the use of ordinary and extraordinary medical methods of sustaining a life that had become merely an existence.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die studie is onderneem om te evalueer of 'n bevoegde, volwasse mens wat 'n onverduurbare en ongeneesbare bestaan het a.g.v. 'n ongeneesbare, folterende of vernietigende siekte, 'n morele, persoonlike of burgerlike reg het om daardie lewe te beeïndig of hulp te vra om dit te laat beeïndig, ten einde die dood op 'n menswaardige wyse tegemoet te gaan. ~ Die regverdigbaarheid van bogenoemde hulp kan slegs bepaal word as dit volg op die herhaalde en vrywillige versoeke van iemand wat nie, wanneer hy/sy dit versoek, ly aan 'n geestessiekte nie, wat bevoeg is of wat so 'n geskrewe of mondelinge versoek, met getuies, gemaak het terwyl die persoon kompetent was. ~ Die studie handel nie oor bystand-in-sterfte, aktief of passief, waar dit uitgevoer word op fisies of psigies ernstig gestremde pasgebore babas met 'n skrale kans op oorlewing nie; ook nie oor genadedood ter verligting van kwaadaardige of verlammende siekte in diegene met lewenslange [anoksiese, kongenitale, inflammatoriese of traumatiese] geestelike ongesteldhede, wat nog nooit besluitnemende kapasiteit gehad het nie. ~ Die studie ondersoek nie gevalle van bystand-met-sterfte waar inkompetente persone wat ly aan seniliteit, Alzheimer se siekte, of permanente vegetatiewe toestande a.g.v. brein patologie n.a.v. anoksiese, sirkulatoriese, infektiewe, kwaadaardige of traumatiese gebeure, nie direk gevra het vir genadedood of nooit die voorkeur vir geassisteerde genadedood uitgespreek het nie. Die doel van hierdie studie is om die morele saak van diegene ten gunste van die wettiging van Vrywillige Geassisteerde Genadedood, ook bekend as Geassisteerde Genadedood, te stel en om praktiese sowel as eties verantwoordbare voorstelle te maak vir beleid en optrede wat kan bydra tot die oplos van die morele dilemma wat dokters daagliks in die gesig staar wanneer hulle deur geestelik bevoegde pasiënte wat ly aan ongeneesbare, kwaadaardige of verlammende siektes, of die folterende simptome van die finale stadium van Verworwe Immuniteits Gebrek Sindroom [VIGS], gevra word vir bystand in die beeïndiging van hulle lewens. ~ Die studie sal die belangriker besware van diegene aanspreek wat teen die wettiging is van geassisteerde genadedood vir geestelik bevoegde terminale pasiënte wat ongeneesbaar ly of van dehumaniserende ongeneesbare finale stadium siektes en wat naby is aan 'n onafwendbare dood. ~ Die insigte van filosowe, teoloë, dokters en sosioloë oor bystand-met-sterfte en selfmoord, is nagevors in die wye literatuur beskikbaar is (beide in druk en kuberruimte) oor hierdie onderwerpe en word saam met die studie angebied. ~ Die studie probeer aantoon dat 'n bevoegde volwassene in sekere erge omstandighede 'n onvervreembare mensereg, indien nie 'n konstitusionele reg nie, behoort te hê om bystand tydens genadedood te versoek. ~ Sulke bystand moet onderworpe wees aan groepsevaluasie, na versigtige ondersoek deur 'n multi-dissiplinêre span in die gesondheidsprofessies [beide fisies en psigies]. Die studie sal probeer bepaal of die uitvoering van vrywillige geassisteerde selfmoord of geassisteerde genadedood moord is, of 'n aksie van empatie, uitgevoer uit respek vir 'n medemens se outonomie, sy/haar reg tot selfdeterminasie en self-realisasie. )lo- Die relevansie van hierdie situasie lê daarin dat bystand-met-sterfte besig is om een van die belangrikste morele, religieuse, filosofiese en biomediese dilemmas van ons tyd te word. )lo- Die outeur se posisie is dat dit nie regverdig of eties is om te verhoed dat 'n geestelik bevoegde mens, wat ly aan folterende, ongeneesbare terminale fisiese of ongeneesbare verlammende siekte, self kies om te sterf wanneer hy/sy nie meer die lyding kan verdra nie en vir professionele bystand vra om dit uit te voer. Die verligting behoort gegee te word, nie net aan diegene wat in staat is om 'n bindende en ingeligte besluit te maak nie, maar ook aan -diegene wat [toe hulle nog besluitnemende kapasitiet gehad het] vroeër 'n oorweegde, ingeligte vroegtydige versoek gemaak het aangaande die gebruik van gewone en buitengewone mediese metodes vir die verlenging van 'n lewe wat bloot 'n bestaan geword het.
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Rasmussen, Susan Anette. "Understanding psychological distress and suicidality : the predictive utility of perfectionism and autobiographical memory." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/2131.
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Objective. Previous research has implicated personality and cognitive factors in the experience of suicidal thoughts and behaviours. On the basis of two psychological models of suicide (Escape from Self; Baumeister, 1990; Cry of Pain, Williams, 1997), this thesis investigated an integrative model involving the relationship between perfectionism, motivation, and autobiographical memory recall to predict psychological distress (hopelessness, depression/anxiety, suicide ideation). Methodology. Four inter-related, but independent, prospective studies were conducted to address a number of research questions in both university students (Studies 1,2 & 3) and parasuicide patients (Study 4). Results. The main findings of this thesis are that slow or over-general recall of negative and positive memories moderates the relationship between perfectionism and psychological distress. Furthermore, it was found that perfectionism serves as a mediator in the relationship between behavioural inhibition motivation (BIS) and psychological distress. Overall, the results suggest that much knowledge can be gained from investigating the psychological processes underlying suicidal behaviour, and we highlight the utility of employing integrative psychological models. The results are discussed in terms of their therapeutic implications, as well as their implications for future research.
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Fu, King-wa, and 傅景華. "Do harm or do less harm: identifying and addressing research gaps in media influences on suicidality." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2009. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B41634123.
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De, Bruin Carmelitia Elmarie. "Suicide ideation among police members in the Eastern Cape." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/146.
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Suicide, the endpoint of the continuum that begins with suicide ideation, is known to be an important precursor of attempted suicides. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of suicide ideation of police members and to determine the differences between suicide ideation of various demographic variables, in particular, the gender, rank and race groups of police members. The convenience sample (N = 111) was drawn from police stations in the Nelson Mandela Metropole in the Eastern Cape Province. The Adult Suicide Ideation Questionnaire (ASIQ) and a Biographical Questionnaire were administered. The results indicated that 1.4 % of the sample showed significant levels of suicidal ideation scoring a high score above 31 (i.e., above the 97th percentile by ASIQ). The T-test, One-way (ANOVA) and the Pearson Chi-Square analysis showed no significant differences between suicide ideation and the demographic variables based on the police station, age, gender, race, rank, years of service, years of current position, educational qualifications, marital status, presence of medical conditions, number of alcoholic drinks consumed per week, smoking behaviour and exercise behaviour. However, participants with previous suicide attempts had significant high scores on ASIQ.
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Edmonson, Jimmie R. "Hopelessness, Self-Efficacy, Self-Esteem and Powerlessness in Relation to American Indian Suicide." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2000. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5509/.
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The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between the independent variables of age, gender, residence, tribal affiliation, and perceived government control over tribal rights and the dependent variables of hopelessness, self-efficacy, and self-esteem. These attitudes are then explored as to their relationship to possible feelings of powerlessness among American Indians. The survey instruments used are the Beck Hopelessness Scale consisting of 20 items (Beck, Weissman, Lester, and Trexler, 1974), (Reproduced by permission of publisher, Psychological Corporation), the Self-Efficacy Scale consisting of 30 items (Sherer, Maddox, Merchandante, Prentice-Dunn, Jacobs, and Rodgers, 1982) (Reproduced by permission of Dr. Ronald W. Rogers), the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale consisting of 10 items (Rosenberg, 1972) (Reproduced by permission of Dr. Florence Rosenberg) and a demographic questionnaire consisting of 6 items. These instruments were administered to 60 American Indians that make up the sample population of 25 respondents from tribal lands (reservation setting) and 35 respondents from an urban setting. Statistical analysis consists of crosstabulations using Chi-Square and t-tests (used to verify Chi-Square) to determine the significance of the relationship of the independent variables to the dependent variables previously mentioned. Fifteen hypotheses (page 10) were tested to explore the relationships between the above independent variables and the dependent variables. Out of the 15 hypotheses that were investigated two were supported. The two hypotheses are hypothesis 10 and 11. Hypothesis 10 states; American Indians who live on a reservation have more hopelessness than those who live in an urban setting. This hypothesis was indicated to be marginal by Chi-Square analysis but when a t-test was conducted it was shown to be significant. Hypothesis 11 states; American Indians in urban residency will have more self-efficacy than reservation residents. While the data provided minimal support for the theory that hopelessness, self-efficacy, and self-esteem have a relationship to feelings of powerlessness and thus suicide in the American Indian population the outcome of the study provides pertinent data for future research.
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McLaughlin, Jennifer. "An investigation of the relationship between intimate partner abuse and suicidality : a test of a model." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/16956.
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Objectives This thesis aimed to investigate the relationship between intimate partner abuse and suicidality, to deepen our understanding of the factors and mechanisms involved in increasing suicide risk in this group. This investigation was carried out using the framework of the Integrated Motivational-Volitional (IMV) Model of Suicidal Behaviour (O’Connor, 2011), and this research aimed to act as a test of this theoretical model. Method In order to achieve the above objectives, two major studies were conducted. These were prospective studies, with Study one being exploratory and utilising a large scale survey design, and Study two carrying out an in-depth investigation. These studies utilised a general population sample consisting of both males and females, and compared those with and without experience of intimate partner abuse. Both studies are reported over two chapters, one focusing on the relationship between intimate partner abuse and suicidality, and the other reporting the testing of the IMV Model. Results This research identified a number of key aspects relating to intimate partner abuse which are involved in increasing suicide risk within this group, such as the frequency of the abuse experienced, levels of control within the abusive relationship, and severity of stalking and harassment behaviours experienced. Investigation of the key elements of the IMV Model revealed that perceptions of internal entrapment play a significant mediating role in the relationship between intimate partner abuse and suicidality. In addition, social support and future thinking were found to act as moderators of this relationship. Conclusions This research makes a valuable contribution to the understanding of intimate partner abuse and suicidality, and highlights a number of important issues with regards to the conceptualisation and measurement of IPA. It has also identifies the importance of considering aspects such as stalking, perceptions of internal entrapment, and levels of control within relationships, when investigating suicidality within this group. This research used the context of IPA and suicidality to test the IMV Model, which has significantly increased out understanding of suicidality in relation to IPA. The IMV Model was shown to be a useful framework for understanding this relationship, however limitations of the model were identified. Further research is needed to test the model further and to explore the relationship of some of the elements within the context of IPA and suicidality.
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Latham, Charles V. (Charles Vernon). "The Effect of Color in Computer Assisted Instruction on Vocabulary Retention Rates and Computer Attitudes of Selected Upward Bound Students." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1990. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc331796/.
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The purpose of this study was to determine the effect on selected Upward Bound students' vocabulary retention rate and attitude toward computers when using color in a computer assisted instructional (CAI) program. Past research on the use of color in the educational process does not answer questions about possible effects it may have when used in CAI programs. Specific areas addressed by this study include: (1) differences in color computer assisted instructional software and achromatic versions of the lesson, (2) differences in the short-term vocabulary retention rate for color versus achromatic versions, (3) differences in the long-term vocabulary retention rate for color versus achromatic versions, (4) differences on the affective attitude scale for color versus achromatic versions, (5) differences in short-term memory based on gender and computer experience, (6) differences in long-term memory based on gender and computer experience and (7) differences on the affective attitude scale based on gender and computer experience. Subjects in the experiment were high school students participating in Upward Bound programs at Texas Christian University and the University of North Texas. A pretestposttest design was used and data were obtained from seventy-one students. A CAI program presented students with twenty words and definitions via a drill and practice mode. The words came from Schuster's list of rare and seldom used words considered easy to learn. Two computer systems were used in this study, achromatic and color. Students completed the Computer Attitude Scale at the beginning and end of the CAI lesson. A pretest, immediate posttest and two week delayed posttest were administered to both experimental groups. Analysis of the data revealed a significant difference in long-term memory based on gender and computer experience. Girls using the color version of the lesson scored significantly higher on the delayed posttest than girls using the achromatic version.
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Shai, Yee-man, and 佘綺雯. "Effects of computer presentation formats on learning among elderly andyounger adults: the role of cognitiveabilities." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B35804440.
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Schotte, David Evert. "Problem-solving skills in suicidal psychiatric patients." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/71257.
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Both popular clinical folklore and the findings of empirical research have suggested a relationship between cognitive rigidity and suicidal behavior. Specifically, it has been hypothesized that individuals deficient in the capacity for flexible thought become increasingly hopelessness and suicidal in the face of high levels of environmental stress. That is, these persons are thought to be cognitively unprepared to deal with negative life events. The present study sought to evaluate this model with hospitalized psychiatric patients placed on suicidal precautions status by hospital staff. Suicidal and non-suicidal control subjects completed measures of life stress, depression, cognitive rigidity, hopelessness, and suicidal intent. In addition, these subject also completed two measures of interpersonal problem-solving. Suicidal subjects were found to report higher levels of negative life stress in the previous year than members of the control group. Suicidal subjects were also significantly more cognitively rigid and the rigidity appears to have been reflected in their performance on the interpersonal problem-solving measures. Overall, suicidal subjects were observed to be poorer problem-solvers than the non-suicidal control group members on both measures of interpersonal problem-solving skills. More specific analyses showed that these subjects were not able to generate as many potential solutions to interpersonal problems from their own lives and when asked to evaluate these solutions, the suicidal subjects tended to rate them more negatively than did the control subjects. Suicidal subjects were also less likely than control subjects to employ these alternatives when subsequently attempting to solve the presented problem. Additionally, the suicidal subjects tended more often to implement irrelevant solutions. Although the suicidal subjects were significantly more hopeless than the non-suicidal subjects, it appears that this variable contributed independently to the level of suicide intent, rather than resulting from cognitive rigidity and interpersonal problem-solving deficits. Results are interpreted as supporting Beck's (1979) viewpoint that both deficits in problem-solving skills and hopelessness need to be addressed in the treatment of suicidal patients.Ph. D.
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Felton, David. "An exploratory examination of the relationship between substance use and suicidal ideation." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2004. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/820.
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Drug use has long been considered a risk factor when assessing the likelihood of an individual committing suicide (Weiss & Hufford, 1999). The research to date is primarily correlative and provides little guidance to the clinician when assessing the role that drug use plays in influencing the risk of suicide for a given individual. Clinical observations within the literature (Downey, 1991; Motto, 1999) report that alcohol or other drug (AOD) use may provide the means to regulate emotional distress. No published studies were found that examined the proposition that AOD use may have a range of positive as well as negative impacts en suicide risk. The aim of the current research was to gather perspectives on the relationship between AOD and coexisting suicidal ideation from which recommendations informing clinical practice were sought. Two samples were interviewed in an exploratory qualitative study. The first sample comprised clinicians who have experience in working with substance use issues and suicidal clients; the second comprised clients which have both substance use problems and have recently been suicidal. Eleven clinicians were drawn from a wide range of work settings and disciplines. Each had extensive clinical experience with suicidal young people who use nonprescribed substances. The client sample consisted of ten clients (19-24 years of age) drawn from either a mental health service or an outpatient drug treatment service. They were required to have had a clinically significant level of suicidal ideation in the three months prior to the interview along with meeting DSM IV criteria for substance dependence or substance abuse
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Wong, Yim-kuk Aileen, and 黃艷菊. "Stress and coping for women from infertility to assisted reproductive treatments." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31250907.
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Catino, Robert J. "Relationship Between Flow Experience, Flow Dimensions, and the Equivalence of Challenges and Skills in the Web-Based Training Environment." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2000. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2582/.
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This study applied components of Csikszentmhalyis flow theory to the Web-based Training (WBT) environment. Specifically considered were how the equivalence of a learners perceived challenges and skills for an activity can effectively predict the emergence of flow in the WBT environment. Also considered was the ability of flow dimensions defined in flow theory to predict and model the occurrence of flow during WBT activities. Over a period of about one hour, students (n=43) from a southwestern US university engaged in WBT learning activities pertaining to on-line coursework or self-study. A special Web-based software installed on the students computers sporadically reminded them to complete a series of on-line questionnaires which collected data on their flow experience, learning activities, and flow dimensions. The data collection method employed by this study is effectively an electronic, Web-enabled version of, and functionally equivalent to, the Experience Sampling Method (ESM) used in other flow studies. This study employed questionnaires used in prior flow studies to collect data regarding respondents flow experiences and flow dimensions, and developed an on-line instrument to collect data on students learning experiences based on instructional events found in computer-based lessons from Gagné. Significant findings (p<.05) from this study suggest that, in the WBT environment studied, as the relative level of challenge and skill of a learning activity increases, so does the level of flow experienced by the individual. This study also found that flow dimensions are good predictors of flow experience. The results of this study should have important implications for WBT users and instructional designers. Since flow is a positive experience that most individuals wish to repeat, understanding how to facilitate the occurrence of flow, from both the WBT users and instructional designers perspective, is likely to be beneficial to the rapidly emerging field of WBT.
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Fogg, Richard John. "The effects of feedback and strategy on self-efficacy and computer task performance." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1995. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1023.
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Yang, Bin. "Life stress, social support, and problem-solving skills in depression, hopelessness, and suicide ideation for an Asian student population : a test of a model /." Thesis, This resource online, 1992. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-12042009-020043/.
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Salem, Houda Sahal Mohamed. "The perceptions and implications of techno-stress in an E-learning environment : an exploratory case study." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2809.
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Thesis (MTech) Information Technology))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2018.The rapid growth of digital technology has exceeded society’s expectations. The overload and pace of technological advances causes many individuals at the workplace or organisations of higher learning, such as universities of technology, to become exposed and prone to stress. Students in higher education environments often find themselves vulnerable to technological stress. The problem is that we do not know the extent of the perceived implications of techno-stress, and it is not clear what the perceived psychological and emotional implications of techno-stress may have on the academic performance of higher education students. The study investigated the perceptions and implications of techno-stress in an e-learning environment to explore and describe the implications of techno-stress; the physical, mental and behavioural outcomes also how it impacts on the academic performance of students at higher education institutions. The questions of the study were focused on finding what the implications of techno-stress are as perceived by students on their studies; what the types and elements of techno-stress that students experience at universities; what the potential causes of techno-stress are as perceived by students; and how students think techno-stress impacts on their academic performance. The qualitative methods approach was used. It was found that students were more stressed over technology when problems occur as they lack the ability to manage or control it, and it was evident that this influence had an undesirable consequence on students’ results. The research concluded that despite the importance technology plays in an e-learning environment by allowing students to conduct their research, download class material and learn online, students perceive technology as an important source of stress. Despite technology’s advantages mentioned above, technology can be unpredictable and when problems occur, students exhibit lack of skills to manage or control it. It was recommended that universities of technology such as CPUT should design a program that helps students to cope with techno-stress.
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Stander, Adrie. "Computer user interfaces in a multicultural society." Thesis, Cape Technikon, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1369.
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Thesis (MTech(Information Technology))--Cape Technikon, Cape Town, 1997This research discusses some of the cultural issues that could influence the human computer encounter in a multicultural community. The results of research to determine differences in computer usage caused by cultural differences when using computer user interfaces in simulated and real-world environments are also discussed. Various cultural aspects could possibly influence the effectiveness of the user interface in a multicultural society. Language is an important factor and studies have shown that simple translation will increase productivity (Bodley, 1993:23). However all languages do not contain the necessary technical vocabulary. Mothers from a lower social class typically use a limited language code when communicating with their children (Mussen et aI.,1984:206). As this causes the children to think in more concrete and less conceptual terms, it may influence the human computer interaction, particularly where a high degree of abstraction, such as in graphical interfaces, is used. Symbolism is problematic as symbols like light bulbs, recycle bins and VCR controls do not feature in the life of users living in slum and backward rural conditions. Lack of exposure to technology might negatively influence user attitude (Downton, 1991:25) with a corresponding inhibition of learning and performance. All external locus of control is common among disadvantaged groups due to the high degree of rejection, hostile control and criticism they experience. As the sense of being out of control is largely associated with the indication to avoid stressful situations, users from these groups might prefer to avoid situations where they do not feel in control. The strong differentiation between the roles of the sexes in certain cultures can also influence the encounter with the computer (Downton, 1991:10) It has been shown that the different gender orientations towards problem solving in these cultures can have an important influence on computer usage. The intracultural factors of social class play a significant role in determining how a person acts and thinks (Baruth & Manning, 1991 :9-1 0). Such differences may sometimes be more pronounced than those resulting from cultural diversity and may influence the orientation of the user towards abstraction and generalization.
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Kondowe, Zandile Ziyanda. "Ukuzotywa kwabalinganiswa abafunzele ukuzibulala kwimidlalo ekhethiweyo yesiXhosa." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/536.
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Olu phando lugqale kubalinganiswa abafunzele ukuzibulala kwimidlalo ekhethiweyo yesiXhosa. Kwisahluko sokuqala ngumkhombandlela wolu phando, intshayelelo, injongo yophando, ubume besifundo namagqabantshintshi ngentyila bomi zababhali endicaphule kwiincwadi zabo namagama angundoqo. Kwezinye izahluko ingcingane ezahlukeneyo nalapho endingabalula ekaFreud isayikho-analisisi ndinaba ngokubanzi kumabakala awabekileyo afana nokuzalwa, isini, odiphasi khompleksi nephupha nenxaxheba yakhe ekugubhululeni okuyimfihlakalo ngokuthi aphande ubomi bomntu obadlulayo ukuze kubenokunyangwa impixano ekuye ngaphakathi. Enye ingcingane esetyenzisiweyo yile ingokuzibulala nalapho kuphononongwa ukuba ngobani abazibulalayo, abaqinisekileyo ngokufa kwabo, ukuzibulala ngesivumelwano nembalelwano abazishiyayo xa umntu ezibulala. Kwezinye izahluko ndiyibeka icace intsusa neziphumo zokuzibulala kwamaxhoba, ndayiphicotha nendlela ekuxhatshazwe ngayo amalungelo abalinganiswa ngabazali babo kuba benyanzela le mitshato yebhaxa ngenjongo yokuzuza ikhazi ngentombi zabo, nayo imixholo enxulumene nolu phando ndiyicaphule imixholo efana neyothando noqhankqalazo nomxholo wokutshatiswa kwabantwana ngebhaxa. Isahluko sesihlanu ngumqukumbelo jikelele nophononongo ngolu phando.
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Fillpot, James Michael. "Computer-generated speech training versus natural speech training at various task difficulty levels." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1991. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/746.
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Keeney, Janice E. "Effects of Heart Rate Variability Biofeedback-assisted Stress Management Training on Pregnant Women and Fetal Heart Rate Measures." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2008. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc9073/.
Full textAbstract:
This study examined effectiveness of heart rate variability (HRV) biofeedback-assisted stress management training in reducing anxiety and stress in pregnant women and the effect of maternal stress management skills practice on fetal heart rate measures in real time. Participants were seven working pregnant women who volunteered in response to recruitment announcements and invitations from cooperating midwives. Reported state and trait anxiety and pregnancy specific stress were measured during five 45- to 50-minute training sessions. Training included bibliotherapy, instruction in the use of emotion-focused stress management techniques, and HRV biofeedback. Subjects used portable biofeedback units for home practice and were encouraged to practice the skills for 20 minutes a day and for short periods of time during stressful life events. At the end of training, fetal heart rate was monitored and concurrent maternal HRV measures were recorded. Repeated measures ANOVA and paired samples t-test analysis of study data revealed no statistically significant reductions in state or trait anxiety measures or in pregnancy specific stress measures. Partial eta squared (n²) and Cohen's d calculations found small to medium effect sizes on the various test scales. Friedman's analysis of variance of biofeedback measures showed a statistically significant decrease in low HRV coherence scores (X2 = 10.53, p = .03) and medium HRV coherence scores (X2 = 11.58, p = .02) and a statistically significant increase in high HRV coherence scores (X2 = 18.16, p = .001). This change is an indication of improved autonomic function. Results of concurrent maternal and fetal HRV recordings were generally inconclusive. A qualitative discussion of individual subject results is included. During follow-up interviews five subjects reported that they felt they were better able to cope with stress at the end of the study than at the beginning, that they used the stress management skills during labor, and that they continue to practice the skills in their daily lives.
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Campbell, Penny Renae. "Effects of Time Spent on Computer-Assisted Instruction on Attitudes of Sixth Grade Students Toward Computers." Thesis, North Texas State University, 1987. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc332374/.
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The purposes of this study were threefold: (1) to examine the effects of time spent on CAI on student attitudes, (2) to examine the effects of time spent on CAI among ability groups, and (3) to determine whether initial attitudes would be maintained throughout a school year, and if not, determine variables associated with an attitude shift.
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Iwamasa, Dawn A. "The effect of music-assisted relaxation training on measures of state anxiety and heart rate under music performance conditions for college music students." Scholarly Commons, 1998. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/2324.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a music-assisted relaxation training program as a treatment method for college music students suffering from performance anxiety. A total of 40 participants were randomly assigned to the experimental (n=20) and wait-list control (n=20) groups. The experimental group received six music-assisted relaxation training sessions while the wait-list control group received no contact. Dependent measures included pre- and post-test State Trait Anxiety Inventory (ST AI) scores and heart rate measurements during individual jury examinations (performance condition).
Results found no differences in ST AI scores and heart rate measurements between groups. Factors such as years of formal training and memorization of performance showed no differences in dependent measures. The experimental group rated their performance quality as significantly higher than the wait-list control group.
All participants who received the relaxation training program felt they benefited from it, and_ found it helpful in feeling more "in control" and "focused on their music" during performances.
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Cheung, Kwok-wing, and 張國榮. "Exploring students' technology acceptance in working online." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2005. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31598651.
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McVay, Richard B. "An examination of computer anxiety related to achievement on paper-and-pencil and computer-based aircraft maintenance knowledge testing of United States Air Force technical training students." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2002. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3082/.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this study was to determine whether varying levels of computer anxiety have an effect on computer-based testing of United States Air Force technical training students. The first chapter presents an overview of computer-based testing, defines key terms, and identifies questions addressed in the research. The rationale for conducting this study was that little research had been done in this area. The second chapter contains a review of the pertinent literature related to computer-based testing, computer anxiety, test reliability, validity, and gender differences in computer use. Due to the lack understanding concerning any effects of computer anxiety on computer-based testing, this has been a worthwhile topic to explore, and it makes a significant contribution to the training field. The third chapter describes the qualitative research methodology used to conduct the study. The primary methodology was an analysis of variance comparison for groups of individuals who displayed high or low computer anxiety to their respective mean computer-based or paper-based aircraft maintenance knowledge testing scores. The research population consisted of United States Air Force aircraft maintenance craftsmen students attending training at Sheppard Air Force Base, Texas. The fourth chapter details the findings of the study. The findings indicate that there was no significant difference between the groups of students rated with high computer anxiety and low computer anxiety while testing with computers. Additionally, no significant differences were detected while testing alternative hypotheses covering differences between groups of students rated with high computer anxiety and low computer anxiety testing by traditional paper-and pencil methods. Finally, a reference section identifying the literature used in the preparation of this dissertation is also included.
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Ryan, Dorothy. "A study of Vietnam combat veteran's perception toward depression: Ten years after the war." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1985. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2038.
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Crabb, Brooke Evangeline. "Perceptions of the transition to assisted living as a function of psychological well-being, instrumental activities of daily living, and coping: A prospective study." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2003. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2439.
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This study examined the influence of three predictor variables on perceptions of assisted living: psychological well-being, functional status, and coping strategies. A multiple regression analysis was used to examine the influence of these factors on perceptions of the transition to assisted living.
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Adhyatman, Alexandra Anggraini. "Investigating the aptitude treatment interaction: Age, gender, computer self-efficacy and computer training." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1995. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/998.
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何健昌 and Kin-cheong Ho. "A study of stress experienced by teachers using IT in teaching." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B43894951.
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Swigert, Silvia. "Computer learning motivation and indicators of computer skill in employee populations." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1995. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/984.
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Leslie, P. Jason. "The Effects of Video-Computerized Feedback on Competitive State Anxiety, Self-Efficacy, Effort, and Baseball Hitting-Task Performance." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1998. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278280/.
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This study examined the effects of frame-by-frame video-computerized feedback on competitive state anxiety, self-efficacy, effort, and baseball performance of high school players. Players were randomly assigned to one of three feedback conditions: (a) Hitting score, (b) Hitting score and frame-by-frame analysis of a mechanically correct swing, (c) Hitting score and frame-by-frame analysis of participant's swing and a mechanically correct swing. Once per week for six weeks, the players completed three questionnaires: (a) Hitting Self-Efficacy Scale, (b) Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2C, and (c) Performance Effort Scale, and performed a hitting task. Results of the 3 (Group) x 6 (Trials) ANOVAs revealed no significant effects. This study does not support previous confidence-baseball hitting research.
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Getchell, Kristoffer M. "Enabling exploratory learning through virtual fieldwork." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/923.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation presents a framework which supports a group-based exploratory approach to learning and integrates 3D gaming methods and technologies with an institutional learning environment. This provides learners with anytime-anywhere access to interactive learning materials, thereby supporting a self paced and personalised approach to learning. A simulation environment based on real world data has been developed, with a computer games methodology adopted as the means by which users are able to progress through the system. Within a virtual setting users, or groups of users, are faced with a series of dynamic challenges with which they engage until such time as they have shown a certain level of competence. Once a series of domain specific objectives have been met, users are able to progress forward to the next level of the simulation. Through the use of Internet and 3D visualisation technologies, an excavation simulator has been developed which provides the opportunity for students to engage in a virtual excavation project, applying their knowledge and reflecting on the outcomes of their decisions. The excavation simulator enhances the student learning experience by providing opportunities for students to engage with the archaeological excavation process in a customisable, virtual environment. Not only does this provide students with an opportunity to put some of the theories they are familiar with into practice, but it also allows for archaeology courses to place a greater emphasis on the practical application of knowledge that occurs during the excavation process. Laconia Acropolis Virtual Archaeology (LAVA) is a co-operative exploratory learning environment that addresses the need for students to engage with archaeological excavation scenarios. By leveraging the immersive nature of gaming technologies and 3D multi-user virtual environments (MUVEs), LAVA facilitates the adoption of exploratory learning practices in environments which have previously been inaccessible due to barriers of space, time or cost.
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Fassbender, Eric. "VirSchool the effect of music on memory for facts learned in a virtual environment /." Phd thesis, Australia : Macquarie University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.14/76852.
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Thesis (PhD)--Macquarie University, Faculty of Science, Dept. of Computing, 2009.Bibliography: p. [265]-280.
Introduction -- Literature review -- Method -- Experiments -- Conclusion.
Video games are becoming increasingly popular and their level of sophistication comes close to that of professional movie productions. Educational institutions and corporations are beginning to use video games for teaching purposes, however, not much is known about the use and effectiveness of video games for such purposes. One even less explored factor in video games is the music that is played throughout the course of the games. Little is known about the role that this music plays in cognitive processes and what effect background music has on players' memory. It is this question that the present thesis explores by asking which effect background music has on participants' memory for facts that are learned from a virtual environment. -- To answer the research question, a computer-animated history lesson, called VirSchool, was created which used the history of the Macquarie Lighthouse in Sydney as a basis for two experiments. Different musical stimuli accompanied the audio-visual presentation of the history topic. These stimuli were tested for their effectiveness to support participants' memory. The VirSchool history lesson was first presented in a Reality Center (a highly immersive, semi-cylindrical 3 projector display system) and one soundtrack was identified which showed a statistically significant improvement in the number of facts that participants remembered correctly from the VirSchool history lesson. Furthermore, Experiment 1 investigated how variations of tempo and pitch of the musical stimuli affected memory performance. It was found that slow tempo and low pitch were beneficial for remembrance of facts from the VirSchool history lesson. -- The beneficial soundtrack that was identified in Experiment 1 was reduced in tempo and lowered in pitch and was subsequently used as the sole musical stimulus in Experiment 2. Furthermore, because of equipment failure, Experiment 2 offered the opportunity to compare memory performance of participants in the Reality Center and a 3-monitor display system, which was used as a replacement for the defect Reality Center. Results showed that, against expectation, the memory for facts from the VirSchool history lesson was significantly better in the less immersive 3-monitor display system. Moreover, manipulated background music played in the second five and a half minutes of the VirSchool history lesson in the Reality Center resulted in a statistically significant improvement of participants' remembrance of facts from the second five and a half minutes of the VirSchool history lesson. The opposite effect was observed in the 3-monitor display system where participants remembered less information from the second five and a half minutes of the VirSchool history lesson if music was played in the second five and a half minutes of the VirSchool history lesson. -- The results from the present study reveal that in some circumstances music has a significant influence on memory in a virtual environment and in others it does not. These findings contribute towards and encourage further investigation of our understanding of the role that music plays in virtual learning environments so that they may be utilised to advance learning of future generations of students.
Mode of access: World Wide Web.
280 p. ill. (some col.)
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Mokgoadi, Beatrice Dorcus. "Psychological experiences of suicide bereavement by family members in Limpopo Province." Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/3369.
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Thesis (Ph.D.(Psychology)) -- University of Limpopo, 2020Suicide is one of the major global public health challenges, with evidence showing that an interplay of multiple factors leads to someone taking their life. While suicide is often a solitary act, its impact on other people is far-reaching. When someone commits suicide, family and friends are almost always left behind to grieve, trying to understand the reasons for the suicide and having to learn to continue with their lives. Because suicide happens within families, its impact on the remaining members is of paramount importance. Understanding the impact of suicide on the surviving family members is a critical step in determining how to assist survivors. The study comprised eleven (11) participants who were all nuclear family members bereaved by suicide in the Capricorn District of Limpopo Province, South Africa. They were all from the Sepedi-speaking ethnic group. Data was collected through in-depth, semi structured, individual face-to-face interviews. Data analysis was done through the use of Hycner’s phenomenological explication process. The following themes were extracted from the participants’ case studies: knowledge of suicide; causes of suicide; methods used in the act; the impact of suicide on the family; prevention of suicide; coping strategies; grief following suicide and grief following other causes of death; concerns about the topic of suicide; and, suggestions in terms of support for suicide bereaved families. The current study reveals that there is still a lot of secrecy around psychological problems which lead people to suicide with the survivors not knowing who or what to blame. It is also evident from the findings that suicide bereaved people tended to be psychologically disturbed, less likeable and more blameworthy than non-suicidally bereaved. The psychological impact experienced includes depression, self-blame, aggression, suicidal ideations and also resulting in hospitalisation for some. Suicide can lead to longer and more complicated grief reactions because family members cannot share their experiences or thoughts, particularly the feelings of guilt that they are struggling with. The stigma from society does not make it any easier for survivors to deal with their grief, leading them to isolate themselves with fear of being judged. Based on the study findings, a culturally informed psychological model of suicide bereavement was developed to explain the lived experiences of African family v members bereaved by suicide. The model incorporates some ideas from Bowen’s structural family theory and the Afrocentric theory. This model proposes that suicide may cause a break-up within the family system and that cultural beliefs may be unfavourable in some instances. For instance, in this study, it was found that some Africans still believe that suicide is a taboo and a curse, which contradicts the psychological importance of viewing the victim’s body by family members. Being unable to view the deceased causes complications in the bereavement process, which leads to psychological problems. It further proposes that African culture is broad and still follows the norms and values in most situations, while these norms and values also play a role in the outcome of the bereavement process. These norms and values may lead to a breakdown of the family structure, leaving them with conflicts or complicated grief, leading to more psychological problems.
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Descoins, Simone. "Seasonal, monthly and weekly variation of suicide in Pietermaritzburg and the relationship between suicide and meteorological factors." Thesis, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/3786.
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This study investigated the seasonal, monthly and weekly variation of fatal suicidal behaviour in Pietermaritzburg, as well as the relationship between fatal suicidal behaviour and climate. Secondary analysis was performed on suicide data collected for two unpublished honours theses. Results indicate that there is significant monthly variation in the distribution of fatal suicidal behaviour in Pietermaritzburg, with the expected spring-summer peak and winter trough . This pattern was more pronounced for adults than for the youth or the elderly. There was no significant variation in the weekly distribution of suicide, and suicides did not reach a peak on Monday as has been evidenced in previous research. Instead, the distribution showed a peak on Sunday with a steady decrease towards the end of the week. An increase in humidity, ambient temperature and minimum temperature was associated with an increase in suicide rates . Overall this relationship was stronger for violent, than non-violent suicide. However, a significant negative relationship was found between hours of sunshine and suicide, but this was only significant for non-violent suicide. This study was largely descriptive, and further research is indicated in order to develop a theoretical framework for understanding the temporal distribution of suicide .Thesis (M.Soc.Sc.)-University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2000.
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Kinsella, Jacqueline. "Die belewenis van persone na aan selfmoordslagoffers." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/10063.
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M.Cur. (Psychiatric Nursing)Suicide is the intentional, self-induced action leading to death - an action regarded by the World Health Organisation (WHO) as the third largest cause of death among people under the age of 20 years in the Western World. In South Africa the occurrence of suicide has risen from'0,73 percent of the population in 1987 to 1,12 percent. Suicide has both financial and emotional implications for the community, who pays for it, either directly or indirectly. Suicides and attempted suicides place a burden on the health system and the public by way of higher taxes, increased medical fund contributions and higher insurance premiums. Health and welfare costs escalate because disability pensions are paid of work functions have become impeded in cases where suicide attempts have failed and for the rehabilitation (physical and psychological) of the person whose suicide attempt has failed, as well as for the surviving members of a family where a suicide attempt was successful. Between seven ten people are affected by every person who commits suicide. Not only do they experience shock, denial and helplessness as in the case of a 'normal' death, but also feelings of anger guilt and emotional distress, together with the development of physical symptoms. They become anxious, weepy and are afraid to be alone. They tend to use more sedatives and, tragically, become higher suicide risks themselves than the average population. Therefore, suicide is not only the beginning of an unprepared, intense grief reaction, but also a psychiatric trauma which leaves people emotionally vulnerable and thereby negatively influences their quest for wholeness. People close to suicide victims require the mobilisation of resources to facilitate their quest for wholeness. This study is aimed at exploring the experiences of people close to suicide victims and to determine guidelines for supporting people close to suicide victims, to enable to nurse and mobilise the resources that will facilitate their quest for wholeness. The researcher used the Nursing for the Whole Person Theory as a point of departure. The research is of an exploratory and descriptive nature and contextually bond due to the fact that an effort was made to obtain new perceptions and understanding of the experiences of people close to suicide victims. A phenomenological method of naive sketches was used to obtain data. The random sample population consisted of ten participants obtained by way of purposive, convenient random test and which complied with specific selection criteria. Data was analysed by way of content analysis. The experiences of persons close to suicide victims are contained in experiences in the internal environment, the external environment and patterns of interaction according to the results of the research and a literary control. Certain themes are identified according to which guidelines can be set, namely: chaos immediately after being notified of the suicide, avoidance and denial as defence mechanisms, deranged perceptions concerning the suicide, mixed feelings, the development of empathy, a need for reason and meaning in the suicide, disturbed relationships, a need for ventilating and the occurrence of questions concerning the suicide. Guidelines for support are discussed in three phases of support. The first phase entails support immediately after being notified of the suicide, the second phase offers support by way of helping the persons close to the suicide victim to integrate the reality of the suicide, while the third phase of support addresses the lengthened grief process. General information, non-professional support and professional support are regarded as sources of support.
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Hamilton, Adele. "A pilot investigation into the relationship between suicide and HIV/AIDS." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/1446.
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This pilot study aimed to contribute to the development of a methodology for researching various aspects of the relationship between HIV/AIDS and suicide in South Africa. To date, few systematic studies into this relationship have been conducted in South Africa. Specifically this study investigated the aspect of suicidal ideation in relation to HIV seroposivity, CD4 cell counts and social support. Although this study did not find increased suicidality in this sample of people living with HIV, the findings highlighted variables that may need to be studied in greater depth and outlined suggestions for further research methodology. Further research could indicate the extent to which suicide assessment and counselling is needed for people living with HIV/AIDS. This in turn could inform policy makers as to the inclusion of suicide assessment into the protocol for Voluntary Counselling and Testing (VCT).Thesis (M.A.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2007.
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Mandim, Leanne. "Conversations with survivors of suicide :." Diss., 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/18110.
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Fasser, Eron. "Judging lives: autonomy, dignity and human well-being in cases of voluntary assisted suicide in a South African context." Thesis, 2017. https://hdl.handle.net/10539/24525.
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Master’s thesis submitted to Faculty of Humanities in partial fulfilment of
Master of Arts: Applied Ethics for Professionals
University of the Witwatersrand Department of Philosophy, 2017In this thesis I explore the issue of voluntary assisted suicide in a South African constitutional context through the tri-coloured normative prism of autonomy, dignity and human well-being. I will focus on the way South Africa, as a secular society, ought to engage with this highly emotive issue in light of the socio-legal framework in which we are embedded and which framework carries with it profound normative implications. I divide the discussion into two broad sections. In the first section I articulate, from an ethical standpoint, what I take to be the strongest positive case for South African society to permit voluntary assisted suicide. I argue that by permitting voluntary assisted suicide South African society would be giving proper expression to (i) individual autonomy (ii) human dignity, and (iii) human well-being. In articulating the positive case I also analyse the triumvirate concepts of individual autonomy, dignity and human well-being as well as their relationship to each other. I argue that individual autonomy is an essential component of a good human life, that is to say, a worthwhile life and that to speak of a dignified life is, in turn, to speak of the sort of life that is worthy of respect, reverence and honour. I then turn to an examination of two of the principal ethical arguments against the moral permissibility of voluntary assisted suicide in the literature, namely (i) the Sanctity of Life Argument, and (ii) the Social Harm Argument. I argue that neither argument is sufficiently persuasive to rebut the positive case in favour of voluntary assisted suicide. However, certain critical considerations are raised that do speak to the need for effective oversight and regulation of such a practice in South African society. Accordingly, I advance the view that, in light of the failure of these two principal arguments (and in the absence of any stronger arguments) voluntary assisted suicide ought to be permitted in South Africa subject to uniform, public and specifiable oversight criteria applicable to each individual who wishes to end his life with the assistance of another. In the second section, I describe the South African legal standpoint on voluntary assisted suicide in light of (i) the normative underpinnings of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 (and in particular the Bill of Rights) and (ii) the present legal status of voluntary assisted suicide, taking into account both the common law and the South African Law Commission Report on Euthanasia and Artificial Preservation of Life, 1998. This analysis involves an examination of (i) the recent decision of Stransham-Ford v Minister of Justice and Correctional Services & Others1 handed down on 4 May 2015 in which the North Gauteng High Court granted, for the first time in South African legal history, an application allowing a terminally ill man the right to die and to be actively assisted to do so by a consenting physician; as well as (ii) the subsequent Supreme Court of Appeal decision in The Minister of Justice and Correctional Services & Others v Estate Late Stransham Ford2 that overturned the original decision. I argue that the best way to understand the socio-legal framework in which we find ourselves is as a social contract that ‘instantiates’ or ‘gives expression to’ a rights-based ethic, which in turn protects vital human interests. I argue further that this constitutional legal framework is capable of tracking and incorporating the positive ethical case for voluntary assisted suicide admirably. Finally, I posit that the quickest and most effective way to implement a permissive policy for voluntary assisted suicide is through the development of the common law. In the process, I tentatively suggest what appropriate safeguards and oversight of voluntary assisted suicide might look like, the practical implementation of which would allow South African society – specifically through the judicial branch of government - to more sagaciously and compassionately judge lives.
XL2018
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Verwey, Andri. "Tangible space: centre for animal assisted therapy." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/15475.
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This document is submitted in partial fulfilment for the degree:
Master of Architecture [Professional] at the University of the Witwatersrand,
Johannesburg, South Africa, in the year 2013.In the Centre for Animal Assisted Therapy, animals act as a therapeutic intervention to improve the well-being of therapy patients. The main medical success of this mode of therapy lies within the tactile experience of touch. This thesis is about discovering an architecture that acts as a platform for interaction between humans and domesticated animals. The human-animal relationship and the architectural spaces it would require to enhance the gathering, are investigated. It explores an architectural language that is inclusive, involved and focused on a worthy spatial perception based on enhanced tactile experiences.
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Gonzales, David H. "A comparison of smoking patterns between counseling assisted and unassisted heavy smokers with early chronic obstructive pulmonary disease." Thesis, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/36344.
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Smoking patterns were described and compared
retrospectively for 5395 participants in the Lung Health
Study at 12 and 24 months. 3592 participants were assigned
to a special intervention (SI) group that received a
counseling assisted smoking cessation intervention that
included nicotine gum and 1803 participants were assigned to
a usual care (UC) group that received no assistance in
quitting smoking. Participants were smokers diagnosed with
mild to moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
(COPD) and averaged 31.4 cigarettes/day at entry.
Significant differences were found regarding smoking
outcomes and smoking patterns between groups as well as
within each group. Counseling assisted participant's
continuous abstinence rate at 24 months was 25.1% compared
to 3.5% for unassisted smokers. Counseling assisted men were
more successful at remaining abstinent at 24 months (27.1%)
compared to (21.8%) for counseling assisted women. No gender
differences were found for unassisted smokers. Abstinence
rates were biochemically validated.
Differences were also found in smoking patterns between
groups for those unable to achieve continuous abstinence at
24 months. Counseling assisted participants smoked fewer
cigarettes, made more quit attempts, smoked fewer months and
stayed quit longer. Mixed results were found for baseline
demographic and smoking history variables. Age started
smoking, other smokers in the household, education and
social support were not significant. Cigarettes smoked per
day, previous quit attempts, longest period quit and
alcoholic drinks per week were significant.Graduation date: 1992
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Changwatchai, Jantrathip. "Student perceptions of a collaborative online learning environment." Thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/1881.
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Waring, John Clifton. "Problem solving appraisal, hopelessness and coping resources : a test of a suicide ideation model /." Diss., 1995. http://www.newcastle.edu.au/service/library/adt/public/adt-NNCU20030331.070105/index.html.
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Moodley, Janice K. "An investigation of the association between bonding family social capital and bonding peer social capital and adolescent suicide risk." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/462.
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Kim, Hyojin. "The effects of interactivity on learning: implications for stereotype change." Thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/1591.
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Pheme, Jerminah Maragane. "Perceptions of childless women on surrogacy as an assisted reproductive technique at Capricorn District, Lepelle Nkumpi Municipality." Thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/2337.
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Thesis (M. A.(Social Work)) --University of Limpopo, 2018Involuntary childlessness and infertility affects women from various cultural and religious backgrounds. Childless women suffer from social and psychological ailments because of their circumstances. Previous research reveals that women who suffer from infertility and childlessness experience social exclusion and ridicule from their women folk who have children. In South Africa reproduction is a human right and everyone is allowed to make decisions on whether or not they should have children. Surrogacy as an assisted reproductive technique is allowed and governed through the Children’s Act 38 of 2005. However, the knowledge of childless women on surrogacy, their belief system and willingness to take up surrogacy as a way to have children is unknown to the researcher. The aim of this study was to explore the perceptions of childless women on surrogacy as an assisted reproductive technique. The study was exploratory and qualitative in nature. The participants were identified through purposive and snowball sampling. Data was collected until saturation point and seven participants were interviewed. Unstructured, face to face interviews were conducted. An audio recorder was utilised during the interviews. Thematic analysis was employed in data analysis and trustworthiness was used to establish the credibility, transferability, dependability and conformability of the study. Most women in this study mentioned that they had heard and were aware of surrogacy but they were not well-informed about the relevant legislation. Women in this study were willing to take up surrogacy as an option to have their own children.
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Barnard, Ilonka. "Opvoedkundige sielkundige riglyne vir die hantering van die agterblywende gesinslede van die selfmoordslagoffer." Thesis, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/18061.
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Text in AfrikaansSelfmoord is 'n kontroversiele aangeleentheid wat beide omstanders en agterblywendes met onsekerheid vervul. 'n Belangrike rede hiervoor is dat dit 'n onnatuurlike afsterwe is wat teen baie mense se norme en waardes indruis. ldiografiese navorsing is onderneem om die belewenisse van agterblywende gesinslede te ondersoek aangesien hulle die eintlike slagoffers van 'n selfmoord is wat met 'n komplekse realiteit gelaat word. Die doel van die navorsing was om riglyne daar te stel vir die hantering en ondersteuning van hierdie mense. Vanuit 'n in-diepte literatuurstudie, het dit geblyk dat die grootste probleme waarmee agterblywendes gekonfronteer word, wentel random problematiese emosies, veroordeling deur omstanders en belewings van persoonlike onvermoe om te midde van intense rousmart selfaktualisering optimaal te volvoer. 'n Vraelys wat aspekte (socs dit uit die literatuurstudie geblyk het) inkorporeer, is opgestel en aan agterblywendes gegee om te beantwoord. Van die belangrikste elemente wat na vore gekom het, is dat intense verhoudingskomplikasies na 'n selfmoord figureer, dat agterblywendes 'n behoefte het om rouverwerking teen hul eie tempo te doen, dat agterblywendes verkies dat omstanders nie voortdurend die gebeure sal ontleed en soek na oorsake in die teenwoordigheid van agterblywendes nie en dat elke agterblywende persoon se roubelewing persoonlik en uniek is. 'n Hoofstuk is gewy aan 'n wye verskeidenheid terapeutiese tegnieke wat geimplementeer kan word tydens hulpverlening aan agterblywendes. Die studie beskryf ook 'n gevallestudie en die verloop van sestien individuele terapeutiese sessies. In die terapeutiese insette is daar hoofsaaklik gebruik gemaak van hipnoterapie as 'n vorm van ontspanningsterapie waartydens daar gelokus word op problematiese emosies en persepsies wat voortgesette kwalitatiewe selfaktualisering belemmer. In die studie word Opvoedkundige Sielkundige riglyne vir hulpverlening aan agterblywendes, wat benut kan word deur hulpverleners (soos sielkundiges, onderwysers en ander ondersteuningsisteme). verskaf. Die studie bevestig dat die agterblywendes as die werklike slagoffers na 'n selfmoord agtergelaat word, maar dat sinvolle intervensie hierdie persone in staat kan stel om ten spyte van die gebeure weer optimaal te selfaktualiseer.
Suicide is a controversial topic. It causes both bystanders and survivors to feel insecure. An important reason for this is that it is an unnatural death which directly opposes the norms and values of the majority of people. ldiografic research has been undertaken to closely examine the experiences of suicide survivors as they are the real victims who are left to cope with a complex reality after a suicide. The objective of this study was to provide guidelines to effectively manage and render assistance to survivors. From an in depth review of available literature it appeared that troubled emotions, being denounced by bystanders and the inability to proceed with continued qualitative self-actualization are some of the most important problems survivors have to cope with. A questionnaire, incorporating significant aspects reported in literature, was compiled and given to survivors to complete. From their responses certain facets seemed to be problematic. Among the more problematic aspects were complicated interpersonal relations, the basic need to grieve at their own pace, the preference that bystanders avoid analysing the suicide and possible contributing factors (especially in the presence of survivors) and the recognition that each survivor's grief is personal and unique. A chapter has been devoted to a wide range of therapeutic techniques that can be implemented to facilitate the support given to survivors. The study also describes a case study as well as the progression of sixteen individual therapy sessions. Therapeutic intervention was mainly based on hypnotherapy as a form of relaxation therapy during which the focus is placed on problematic emotions and perceptions which prevent continued qualitative self-actualization. Educational Psychological guidelines along which assistance can be rendered by psychologists, teachers as well as other support services are given. This study not only confirms that the survivors are the actual victims of a suicide, but also that it is possible to assist these people to achieve optimal self-actualization through meaningful intervention.
Psychology of Education
D. Ed. (Sielkundige Opvoedkunde)
48
Wang, Yaohua. "Contributions of emotion-focused and problem-focused coping, marital adjustment, and social support on Taiwanese women's distress while undergoing assisted reproductive technologies." 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/11775.
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Teichert, Werner Melgeorge. "The experience of psychologists after the suicide of their patient." Diss., 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/13285.
Full textAbstract:
Considering the high incidence of suicide in the South African context, the fact that suicide is considered an occupational hazard for psychologists, with more than half experiencing the suicide of a patient in their career and the dearth of post-suicide qualitative research among psychologists, the purpose of this study is to explore and describe the experience of psychologists after the suicide of their patient, and to develop guidelines as a framework of reference to assist psychologists in dealing with the suicide of their patient.
In keeping with a social constructionist ontological and ecosystemic epistemological theoretical framework, data was collected by means of meaning-making conversations with six purposively selected psychologists, with a minimum of five years‟ experience and at least one year having passed after the suicide of their patient.
The data was analysed independently by the researcher and an independent coder using Tesch‟s open and descriptive method. The present study found that, following the suicide of their patient, the participants were propelled into a myriad of acutely distressing emotions. They often described a suffocating sense of responsibility for the suicide and the lingering presence of their patient. The participants experienced feelings of guilt and self-doubt, often questioning their own professional competence.
The post-suicide process was described as being both a personally and professionally isolating event, due to the sense of having to carry the burden of the suicide alone for ethical reasons and fear of social stigmatisation.
The participants appeared to grapple with the paradoxical dance between their personal emotional realities and what they perceived to be “clinically” or “professionally” acceptable.
Having gone through the traumatic experience of losing a patient to suicide, most of the participants eventually found new wisdom, which helped them become wounded healers.
Based on these findings, post-vention guidelines with practical actions were developed to assist psychologists in dealing with the suicide of their patient. Recommendations are made with regard to suicidology research, suicide education and psychologists‟ practice.Psychology
M.A. (Clinical Psychology)
50
Stebbins, Jon William. "Understanding the experiences of the bereaved : interpreting how the bereaved give meaning to their loss in the context of a suicide-bereaved self-help support group." 2002. http://eprints.infodiv.unimelb.edu.au/00000565/01/Stebbins.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Empowerment for those supporting the bereaved lies in understanding the processes by which meaning is constructed out of a loss. My concern is that models currently underpinning understanding and practice in grief recovery provide limited assistance to loss and grief practioners. These theories, based around set stages and tasks with pre-determined objectives, offer stereotypic "after the event" perspectives on the recovery process. This has value as background information, but in the extreme promotes a clinical, de-personalised approach to uderstanding and support. My experiences over more than a decade of working alongside the suicide-bereaved in particular, suggest that a more enlightened pathway lies with people and their stories. Working in an empathic dialogic relationship, with an emphasis on understanding rather than closure, is more appropriate in assisting those treading the very sensitive, very personal, bereavement path. Furthermore, the narrative grounded approach is more in tune with the processes involved; and more likely to lead to productive outcomes in both the short and long term.The presented model argues that bereavement recovery is a re-educative reconstruction process: trialogic, semiotic sign or symbol related; recognising significant personal autonomous control; genetically or organically activated and driven; dynamic and ongoing; and constructed out of the individual's socio-cultural knowledge base. The model further argues that recovery is best constructed in a climate of empathic understanding and genuine non-judgemental acceptance of the bereaved individual's current perceptual world. In expounding and supporting this model, the tradition of pragmatic educational philosophy has been found useful - in particular, relevant apects of the theories of Carl Rogers, John Dewey, Alfred Shutz and Charles Stanford Peirce.I contend that the proposed model may be applied to all forms of profound loss, however the main context for this research is a Bereaved-by-Suicide Support Group.