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Gabriel, Paul. "The Development of Municipal Emergency Management Planning in Victoria, Australia." International Journal of Mass Emergencies & Disasters 20, no. 3 (November 2002): 293–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/028072700202000302.
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In Australia, local government plays an essential role in emergency management, although not a provider of emergency services. The role of supporting emergency services and the community both during and after emergencies has been a traditional role. Added to this is an increasing responsibility as the focal point for the conduct of local mitigation using risk analysis, prioritization, and treatment under the methodology of emergency risk management. This role is part of a shift in the emphasis of emergency management in Australia away from the strong focus on emergencies and the emergency services, towards an emphasis on the sustainability of the community and its life in the context of the risk of loss posed by natural and other hazards. Models of municipal emergency risk management planning are presented to assist municipalities to connect or even integrate their emergency management planning processes with other similar community safety activities such as crime and injury prevention.
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Baruah, Minoti. "Oncologic emergencies: a review." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 6, no. 5 (April 25, 2018): 1484. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20181492.
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Cancer and its treatment include many medical emergencies. Hence taking care of these emergencies presents a challenge not only to the clinicians but also to the medical oncologists. Cancer patients may have complex medical problems in addition to cancer such as coronary heart diseases, diabetes mellitus, and respiratory diseases. Such patients require immediate medical assistance and emergency care facilities to improvise their health condition. The present review paper focuses on more commonly confronted emergencies in cancer patients and their related management.
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Binaisse, Pierre, Emilie Dehours, Céline Bodéré, Valérie Chevalier, and Anaïs Le Fur Bonnabesse. "Dental emergencies at sea: A study in the French maritime TeleMedical Assistance Service." Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare 26, no. 5 (January 15, 2019): 285–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1357633x18818736.
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Introduction The aim of the study was to assess the frequency, features and management of dental emergencies at sea in France. Methods A descriptive study was carried out by retrospectively examining medical records of patients who were assisted by the French maritime TeleMedical Assistance Service (TMAS) from 2012 to 2016. Data were ranked in different categories: socio-demographic data, diagnosis, prescription, and monitoring or treatment prescribed. Results The TMAS recorded 9122 medical files for all medical emergencies. Among these medical records 135 concerned oral diseases. The main causes for dental emergencies are dental abscess (51.8%), tooth decay (33.3%), and dental fracture (8.9%). Even where teledentistry is validated for remote screening and oral lesion diagnosis, management of dental emergencies mostly requires a dental procedure. On board, without special equipment and/or specifically trained healthcare workers, this management often results in the prescription of medication. Discussion The International Medical Guide for Ships published by the World Health Organization could be updated to suit the latest recommendations of dental emergency management. This could facilitate the addition of a medical act to dental management, resulting in more effective treatment. Furthermore, simple and specific equipment could be added to the medical supplies.
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Maxwell, Daniel, Helen Young, Susanne Jaspars, Jacqueline Frize, and John Burns. "Targeting and distribution in complex emergencies: Participatory management of humanitarian food assistance." Food Policy 36, no. 4 (August 2011): 535–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2011.03.010.
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Bradt, David A., Christina M. Drummond, and Mark Richman. "Complex Emergencies in Indonesia." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 16, no. 4 (December 2001): 294–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00043454.
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AbstractRecently, Indonesia has experienced six major provincial, civil, armed conflicts. Underlying causes include the transmigration policy, sectarian disputes, the Asian economic crisis, fall of authoritarian rule, and a backlash against civil and military abuses. The public health impact involves the displacement nationwide of >1.2 million persons. Violence in the Malukus, Timor, and Kalimantan has sparked the greatest population movements such that five provinces in Indonesia each now harbor > 100,000 internally displaced persons. With a background of government instability, hyperinflation, macroeconomic collapse, and elusive political solutions, these civil armed conflicts are ripe for persistence as complex emergencies.Indonesia has made substantial progress in domestic disaster management with the establishment of central administrative authority, strategic planning, and training programs. Nevertheless, the Indonesian experience reveals recurrent issues in international humanitarian health assistance. Clinical care remains complicated by absences of treatment protocols, inappropriate drug use, high procedural complication rates, and variable referral practices. Epidemiological surveillance remains complicated by unsettled clinical case definitions, non-standardized case management of diseases with epidemic potential, variable outbreak management protocols, and inadequate epidemiological analytic capacity. International donor support has been semi-selective, insufficient, and late.The militia murders of three UN staff in West Timor prompted the withdrawal of UN international staff from West Timor for nearly a year to date. Re-establishing rules of engagement for humanitarian health workers must address security, public health, and clinical threats.
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Tresalti, E., A. Cicchetti, G. Rossi, and P. Contegiacomo. "Organization of Hospital for Intra-Hospital Emergencies." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 1, no. 3 (1985): 285–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00065857.
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The need to arrange the assistance beforehand and therefore prepare for the prevention of damage to people and property that may result from accidents or events of considerable magnitude occurring inside the University Hospital, “A. Gemelli,” has led to several laws of the Constitution of the Italian Republic (Article 35), the Criminal Code (Articles 437 and 451), and the Civil Code (Article 2087): The law of Feb 12, 1955, #51 (Official Gazette 54, March 7, 1955); Decree 547 of April 27, 1955 “Regulations for the prevention of industrial accidents” and Decree 302 of March 19, 1956.The study of these assistance procedures has led to the formulation of an emergency plan divided into two basic parts: prevention of accidents, and rescue operations.By prevention we mean: a) The training of all staff and Managing Bodies of our Faculty/Staff to take effective action in the case of an intra-hospital accident, b) The need for detailed information on the various procedures to be used depending on the gravity of the event, c) Awareness of the civil and criminal responsibilities relating to the various management and non-management levels in case of emergency.The training plan for the whole staff, approved by the management administrative, technical and medical bodies, consists of theoretical and practical courses. These courses, which started in June 1983 are “modular.” The staff will take part in them as homogeneous groups, for a period of time which will vary, in regard to the number of hours and kind of instruction, and in relation to what each group has to learn about work safety, fire prevention and emergency measures.
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Cullinane, Meabh, Stefanie A. Zugna, Helen L. McLachlan, Michelle S. Newton, and Della A. Forster. "Evaluating the impact of a maternity and neonatal emergencies education programme in Australian regional and rural health services on clinician knowledge and confidence: a pre-test post-test study." BMJ Open 12, no. 5 (May 2022): e059921. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-059921.
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IntroductionAlmost 78 000 women gave birth in the state of Victoria, Australia, in 2019. While most births occurred in metropolitan Melbourne and large regional centres, a significant proportion of women birthed in rural services. In late 2016, to support clinicians to recognise and respond to clinical deterioration, the Victorian government mandated provision of an emergency training programme, called Maternity and Newborn Emergencies (MANE), to rural and regional maternity services across the state. This paper describes the evaluation of MANE.Design and settingA quasi-experimental study design was used; the Kirkpatrick Evaluation Model provided the framework.ParticipantsParticipants came from the 17 rural and regional Victorian maternity services who received MANE in 2018 and/or 2019.Outcome measuresBaseline data were collected from MANE attendees before MANE delivery, and at four time points up to 12 months post-delivery. Clinicians’ knowledge of the MANE learning objectives, and confidence ratings regarding the emergencies covered in MANE were evaluated. The Safety Attitudes Questionnaire (SAQ) assessed safety climate pre-MANE and 6 months post-MANE among all maternity providers at the sites.ResultsImmediately post-MANE, most attendees reported increased confidence to escalate clinical concerns (n=251/259). Knowledge in the non-technical and practical aspects of the programme increased. Management of perinatal emergencies was viewed as equally stressful pre-MANE and post-MANE, but confidence to manage these emergencies increased post-delivery. Pre-MANE SAQ scores showed consistently strong and poor performing services. Six months post-MANE, some services showed improvements in SAQ scores indicative of improved safety climate.ConclusionMANE delivery resulted in both short-term and sustained improvements in knowledge of, and confidence in, maternity emergencies. Further investigation of the SAQ across Victoria may facilitate identification of services with a poor safety climate who could benefit from frequent targeted interventions (such as the MANE programme) at these sites.
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Kaptan, Kubilay. "RETRACTED ARTICLE: Towards a Descriptive Model of Humanitarian Assistance in Complex Emergencies." VOLUNTAS: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations 27, no. 3 (December 21, 2015): 1512. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11266-015-9670-3.
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Basri, Yesi Mutia, Hariadi Hariadi, and Ode Asra. "Management of Unexpected Expenditures for Covid-19 in Local Government." Jurnal Ilmiah Akuntansi dan Bisnis 16, no. 2 (July 25, 2021): 264. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jiab.2021.v16.i02.p06.
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This study aims to explore how the Riau Provincial Government manages unexpected expenses in the face of the Covid-19 pandemic. The method in this study is a qualitative method with the type of case study. Data collection techniques used are interviews, observation, and documentation. The results showed that the management of unexpected costs was carried out through the planning stage by reallocating and centralizing the budget. At the administrative and accountability stage, there are problems in recording Unexpected Expenditures, namely the absence of clear technical guidelines regarding the implementation of Unexpected Expenditures, setting spending limits for emergencies. There is no valid data for the distribution of aid funds for MSMEs affected by Covid-19 as well as valid documents for recording third party grant assistance. This research contributes to the government in making policies in financial management in disaster emergencies.
Keywords: Covid-19 pandemic, financial management, refocusing, reallocation, administration
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Fjær, Rannveig Bremer, and Knut Ole Sundnes. "Military Involvement in Disaster Preparedness, Organisation, and Disaster Relief — Civilian Military Co-Operation (CIMIC)." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 17, S2 (December 2002): S25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00009511.
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In frequent humanitarian emergencies during the last decades, military forces increasingly have been engaged through provision of equipment and humanitarian assistance, and through peace-support operations. The objective of this study was to evaluate how military resources could be used in disaster preparedness as well as in disaster management and relief.
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Kent, George. "Rights and obligations in international humanitarian assistance." Disaster Prevention and Management 23, no. 3 (May 27, 2014): 214–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/dpm-07-2013-0122.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to propose a framework for understanding the rights and obligations of different parties in relation to international humanitarian assistance. Design/methodology/approach – Past discourse on rights and obligations of the parties in various types of humanitarian emergencies is critically reviewed. Various moral and legal principles are used to assess that discourse. Findings – Many governments emphasize their right to provide international humanitarian assistance, but appear reluctant to acknowledge any obligation to provide such assistance. Claims regarding the right to provide assistance under some conditions should be accompanied by acknowledgment of obligations to provide assistance under some conditions. Originality/value – This analysis encourages national governments and international agencies to go beyond asserting their rights to assist to also recognize obligations to assist under some conditions.
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Klein, Kelly R., Paul E. Pepe, Frederick M. Burkle, Nanci E. Nagel, and Raymond E. Swienton. "Evolving Need for Alternative Triage Management in Public Health Emergencies: A Hurricane Katrina Case Study." Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 2, S1 (September 2008): S40—S44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/dmp.0b013e3181734eb6.
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ABSTRACTIn many countries, traditional medical planning for disasters developed largely in response to battlefield and multiple casualty incidents, generally involving corporal injuries. The mass evacuation of a metropolitan population in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina evolved into life-and-death triage scenarios involving thousands of patients with nontraumatic illnesses and special medical needs. Although unprecedented in the United States, triage management needs for this disaster were similar to other large-scale public health emergencies, both natural and human-generated, that occurred globally in the past half-century. The need for alternative triage-management processes similar to the methodologies of other global mass public health emergencies is illustrated through the experience of disaster medical assistance teams in the first 3 days following Katrina's landfall. The immediate establishment of disaster-specific, consensus-based, public health emergency–related triage protocols—developed with ethical and legal expertise and a renewed focus on multidimensional, multifactorial matrix decision-making processes—is strongly recommended. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2008;2(Suppl 1):S40–S44)
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Wahyuningsih, Indri, Risa Herlianita, and Maya Iriyani. "First Aid Skill Improvement Assistance for Disaster Preparedness Volunteer Students." Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Bestari 1, no. 9 (December 27, 2022): 937–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.55927/jpmb.v1i9.2276.
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The implementation of disaster management aims to guarantee the implementation of disaster management in a planned, integrated, coordinated and comprehensive manner in order to provide protection to the community from threats, risks and impacts of disasters. Student volunteers for disaster preparedness (Maharesigana) are formed as a forum for fostering and developing students in disaster risk reduction, community service in handling disaster preparedness, and carrying out disaster relief activities. The outcomes resulting from this community service activity are increasing the knowledge, understanding and skills of student volunteers for disaster preparedness in responding to medical emergencies through first aid measures, as well as the preparation of modules and practical guides in providing first aid for volunteers. The results of the dedication in the form of scientific articles are published in national journals and online mass media.
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Wheeler, Matthew, Eleanor Powell, and Philip Pallmann. "Use of High-fidelity simulation training for radiology healthcare professionals in the management of acute medical emergencies." British Journal of Radiology 94, no. 1117 (January 1, 2021): 20200520. http://dx.doi.org/10.1259/bjr.20200520.
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Objectives: Life-threatening emergencies are relatively uncommon in the radiology department, but when encountered, require timely intervention. With an increasing number of critically unwell patients visiting the radiology department each year for both diagnostic and interventional procedures, it is vital that radiology staff are trained to provide basic resuscitation before further assistance arrives. Simulation training is a well-validated, effective method for rehearsing low-frequency, high-acuity events in a supportive and safe environment. The aim of our study was to investigate whether the introduction of a focussed, multidisciplinary simulation course would improve healthcare professional’s knowledge and confidence when managing common medical emergencies; including cardiac arrest, anaphylaxis and airway obstruction. Methods: A multidisciplinary group of radiology staff attended a dedicated simulation teaching course. Participants completed a pre- and post-test questionnaire which assessed a range of knowledge domains and their perceived confidence with dealing with the clinical scenarios. The delegates were then asked to repeat this questionnaire 6 months after taking part in the course to assess their retention of skills and knowledge. Results: Knowledge scores increased by a mean difference of 4 points (p < 0.001). The mean pre- and post-course perceived confidence scores were 4.4/10 and 8/10, respectively. Advances in knowledge: This study suggests that embedding simulation training into the radiology curriculum improves healthcare professional’s knowledge and perceived confidence when dealing with common medical emergencies. Although previous studies have looked at the use of simulation training for radiology trainees in the management of selected medical emergencies, to the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate these benefits across a range of clinical scenarios, within an interprofessional environment.
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Dutch, Martin J., and Kristy B. Austin. "Hospital in the Field: Prehospital Management of GHB Intoxication by Medical Assistance Teams." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 27, no. 5 (July 19, 2012): 463–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x12000994.
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AbstractIntroductionRecreational use of gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) is increasingly common at mass-gathering dance events in Australia. Overdose often occurs in clusters, and places a significant burden on the surrounding health care infrastructure.ObjectiveTo describe the clinical presentation, required interventions and disposition of patrons with GHB intoxication at dance events, when managed by dedicated medical assistance teams.MethodsRetrospective analysis of all patrons attending St. John Ambulance medical assistance teams at dance events in the state of Victoria (Australia), from January 2010 through May 2011.Main outcome measuresClinical presentation, medical interventions and discharge destination.ResultsSixty-one patients with GHB intoxication attended medical teams during the study period. The median age was 22 years, and 64% were male. Altered conscious state was present in 89% of attendances, and a GCS <9 in 44%. Hypotension, bradycardia and hypothermia were commonly encountered. Endotracheal intubation was required in three percent of patrons. Median length of stay onsite was 90 minutes. Ambulance transport to hospital was avoided in 65% of presentations.ConclusionsThe deployment of medical teams at dance events and music festivals successfully managed the majority of GHB intoxications onsite and avoided acute care ambulance transfer and emergency department attendance.DutchMJ,AustinKB.Hospital in the field: prehospital management of GHB intoxication by medical assistance teams.Prehosp Disaster Med.2012;27(4):1-5.
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Vovchuk, Tаisiy, and Roman Shevchenko. "Інформаційно-аналітичне забезпечення процесу попередження надзвичайних ситуацій на об’єктах хімічної промисловості." Problems of Emergency Situations, no. 34 (2021): 255–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.52363/2524-0226-2021-34-19.
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The paper considers the process of forming the main approaches to the development of information and analytical support of the process of prevention of emergencies of man-made nature at the chemical industry in conditions of excessive man-made load, taking into account modern capabilities of QR-coding technologies. Analysis of the current state of the issue convincingly proves that given Ukraine's orientation to European standards in the field of civil protection, there is a need to generalize and implement international experience in creating and operating management systems in emergencies, based on modern information and communication technologies, especially emergencies of technogenic character on objects of the chemical industry in the conditions of excessive technogenic loading. The conditions of integration of existing domestic approaches to the prevention of man-made emergencies at chemical facilities in the con-ditions of excessive man-caused load in the information-analytical space of the European Community, which allowed to form the basis of the methodological apparatus for developing information technology for man-made emergencies chemical industry projects in the conditions of excessive technogenic loading, taking into account modern possibilities of QR - coding and to define group of boundary conditions which are formed as corresponding restrictions of derivative consequences of an emergency situation. The information technology of analytical support of man-made emergency management at chemical industry facilities in the conditions of excessive man-caused load has been developed, which allows to introduce innovative approaches to emergency management into the daily activities of practical units of SES of different hierarchical level of subordination. The results obtained in this work allow us to further develop a number of practical recommendations, which relate primarily to the harmonization of domestic approaches and practices to the requirements of the European Community. Such harmonization should be based on the principles of comprehensive assistance to the population in the event of emergencies that threaten health, life, property or the environment, other dangerous and catastrophic events.
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Medici, Mario Fregonara. "A distributed and interoperable system for out-of-hours health care." Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare 13, no. 1_suppl (July 2007): 24–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/135763307781645103.
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In Italy, at nights and weekends, there is an out-of-hours service called the Continuity Healthcare Service (CHS) which provides for urgent, non-emergency health-care needs. The CHS manages the following typical requests: information on health-care services, support and assistance, prescriptions, various kinds of clinical advice, urgent care problems, general practitioners’ visits and suspected emergencies which require immediate evaluation. A distributed and interoperable system (DAISIES) was proposed to manage the entire CHS process for each health district, with particular emphasis on health assistance, medical support and urgent care problems. The DAISIES system is now being implemented in a health district in the northern part of Milan, with the implementation of a service call-centre and some first-aid stations. Experience to date shows that it is possible to implement a technology-based model for the organization and the management of an out-of-hours health service, with particular emphasis on health assistance, medical support and urgent care problems.
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García Castillo, Jorge. "Deciding between cash-based and in-kind distributions during humanitarian emergencies." Journal of Humanitarian Logistics and Supply Chain Management 11, no. 2 (February 23, 2021): 272–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jhlscm-07-2020-0060.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to provide an analytical model to decide between cash-based and in-kind distributions during emergency responses considering the needs of beneficiaries and market conditions. To allow the switch between modalities, a preparedness framework for humanitarian organizations (HOs) is provided.Design/methodology/approachA mathematical model is proposed to help humanitarian responders make quantitative decisions on the type of programs to implement in emergency responses. The model was applied to a field response by an international HO during the COVID-19 emergency in Colombia.FindingsCash-based and in-kind distributions are not mutually exclusive response modalities during emergencies, and the real needs of beneficiaries and market effects should be included in the modality selection decision to improve program effectiveness.Research limitations/implicationsThe research is focused on short-term immediate response to emergencies; the proposed model assumes favorable market conditions and limits the aid options to direct in-kind and multipurpose cash assistance, excluding other types of cash transfers.Practical implicationsThe research outlines practical preconditions to operationalize switching between programs during an emergency. The study provides evidence that HOs should consider dynamics decision tools to select aid modalities and evaluate their response depending on market conditions.Social implicationsConsidering aid modality as a dynamic decision and including the needs from beneficiaries in the choice can have profound impact in the dignifying of humanitarian response to emergencies.Originality/valueThe quantitative model to decide between aid modalities is a novel approach to include beneficiaries' needs and market dynamics into humanitarian supply chain research. The preparedness framework closes the gap between the emergency preparedness literature and the operational constraints that organizations face for fast program implementation.
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Hao, Yu, Chaolun Sun, Jianping Wei, Sasa Gu, and Fan Zhang. "Differential Game and Simulation Study on Management Synergy of Regional Coal Mine Emergencies in China." Shock and Vibration 2021 (November 30, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/4850651.
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Emergency management of coal mines requires enhanced synergy among departments, institutions, and enterprises, which means overall efficiency in management. Their synergy can effectively lower the cost of emergency management, improve the effectiveness of it, and build a strong joint force for the prevention and control of emergencies. Accordingly, this study established a synergy system for regional coal mine emergency management and analyzed the interest relationship among key stakeholders in the system. Then, it established differential game models of the management synergy, explored the selection process of the behavior strategy of each stakeholder under different situations, and provided important tools for quantitative analysis on emergency management synergy practice. Furthermore, numerical simulation was carried out to analyze the influencing factors of their decision behaviors. The research results are of great significance for the comprehension of the evolution mechanism for the emergency management synergy of coal mines, the assistance for the government in determining the optimal method in emergency management synergy, the mobilization of the stakeholders, and the improvement of the current situation of emergency management synergy of coal mines in China.
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Purdin, Susan, Paul Spiegel, Katelyn P. Mack, and Jennifer Millen. "Surveillance beyond Camp Settings in Humanitarian Emergencies: Findings from the Humanitarian Health Information Management Working Group." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 24, S2 (August 2009): s202—s205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00021592.
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AbstractIntroduction:Surveillance is an essential component of health and nutrition information management during humanitarian situations. Changes in the nature and scope of humanitarian assistance activities have created new challenges in health surveillance, particularly outside of camp-based settings.Objectives:The primary aim of the Humanitarian Health Information Management Working Group was to identify challenges and areas that need further elucidation in a range of non-camp settings, including urban and rural as well as low-and middle-income countries.Results:Three major themes emerged: (1) standardization of measures and methodologies; (2) context in data collection and management; and (3) hidden populations and the purpose of surveillance in urban settings. Innovative examples of data collection and management in community-based surveillance were discussed, including task-shifting, health worker to community member ratio, and literacy needs.Conclusions:Surveillance in non-camp settings can be informed by surveillance activities in camp-based settings, but requires additional consideration of new methods and population needs to achieve its objectives.
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Płachciak, Adam, and Jakub Marcinkowski. "Humanitarian Assistance in G5 Sahel: Social Sustainability Context of Macrologistics Potential." Sustainability 14, no. 14 (July 20, 2022): 8862. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14148862.
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The G5 Sahel works in collaboration with various international organizations and countries, which are responsible for managing logistics activities, financial flows, and technological solutions. Humanitarian assistance holds a critically important role in the region, despite its multiple challenges and limitations in macroeconomic development. This research aimed to examine the macrologistics potential of humanitarian assistance and protection, on both national and transnational levels, in the social sustainability context. Most of the humanitarian emergencies in the region originate from conflicts, food insecurity, and malnutrition. Sahel countries require multiple initiatives to minimize the negative effects of climate change and natural disasters. The state of logistics infrastructure, a wide range of natural and man-made disasters, as well as the macroeconomic situation of the G5 Sahel, result in common problems with the organization of humanitarian logistics from the national and transboundary perspectives. Based on the selected indicators, identified problems of humanitarian assistance and protection in G5 Sahel suggest that the above-mentioned potential of logistics activities requires tightening of transnational collaboration.
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AFFELTRANGER, BASTIEN. "Extreme Emergencies. Humanitarian Assistance to Civilian Populations following Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear and Explosive Incidents ? A Sourcebook by Anthea Sanyasi." Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management 15, no. 3 (September 2007): 169–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-5973.2007.00519_1.x.
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Bleakley, Erica. "Rehabilitation in EMTs: AUSMAT COVID-19 Deployments." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 37, S2 (November 2022): s83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x22001820.
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Background/Introduction:The WHO has recommended the inclusion of rehabilitation capabilities in EMTs responding to disasters and health emergencies since 2013. Likewise, the importance of rehabilitation input across the continuum of care for patients experiencing COVID-19 illness has been highlighted since the onset of the global COVID-19 pandemic. Despite recognition of the role and value of rehabilitation, both in EMTs and the management of COVID-19, evidence that EMTs activated in response to COVID-19 have deployed rehabilitation professionals remains limited.Objectives:This paper will describe the experiences of the Australian Medical Assistance Team (AUSMAT) in deploying rehabilitation professionals as an integrated capability of multi-disciplinary EMTs responding to COVID-19 health emergencies.Method/Description:In response to COVID-19 emergencies in Papua New Guinea, Fiji, Timor-Leste, and the Solomon Islands, AUSMAT deployed rehabilitation professionals alongside multi-disciplinary EMTs on four occasions in 2021-2022. The rehabilitation professionals engaged in direct clinical care and capacity-building activities.Results/Outcomes:The work of the deployed AUSMAT rehabilitation professionals facilitated important capacity building and support for local rehabilitation staff and services, enhanced the time critical multi-disciplinary training of local nursing and medical staff, and improved the quality of clinical care of COVID-19 patients.Conclusion:AUSMAT’s experience has demonstrated that the deployment of rehabilitation professionals as part of a multi-disciplinary team adds significant value to the work of EMTs responding to COVID-19 health emergencies. Nursing and medical staff cannot readily replicate the knowledge, skills, and perspectives of rehabilitation professionals. Appropriately skilled rehabilitation professionals should be deployed to support national rehabilitation staff when EMTs respond to health emergencies.
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Bayne, Alycia, Lauren Isaacs, Jessica Fox, Rachel Singer, Roy Ahn, Desirae Leaphart, Felicia Cerbone, and Madeleine Liotta. "AN ACTION PLAN FOR ORGANIZATIONS SERVING OLDER ADULTS AND THEIR CAREGIVERS DURING PUBLIC HEALTH EMERGENCIES." Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2022): 318. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.1257.
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Abstract During public health emergencies, it is critical to maintain the continuity of services and resources essential to health and safety. Public health emergencies can disproportionately affect older adults and their caregivers. Organizations, including community-based, faith-based, rural, and tribal organizations, can play a vital role during a public health emergency response given their familiarity with the community’s unique needs and resources. With support from the CDC Foundation and technical assistance from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, NORC at the University of Chicago conducted a study to identify public health interventions to meet the needs of older adults and their caregivers during public health emergencies. Methods included an extensive search of peer-reviewed and grey literature in Spanish and English to identify interventions on six topics: deconditioning; deferral of medical care; elder abuse and neglect; management of chronic conditions; social isolation; and caregiving. NORC identified 300 public health interventions to support older adults and their caregivers during public health emergencies with a focus on underserved populations, including programs to support racial and ethnic minority populations, people with disabilities, and rural and tribal communities. NORC developed Search. Find. Help., a virtual resource library, and an Action Plan to support organizations in using these interventions. Search. Find. Help., which houses the Action Plan, has had 34,000 unique users. This session focuses on how organizations that serve older adults and caregivers can use the Action Plan’s four phases to select, adapt, implement, and evaluate public health interventions before or during a public health emergency.
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Barillo, MD, FACS, COL David J., LTC Evan Renz, MD, FACS, CPT Kristine Broger, RN, SSG Brandon Moak, LVN, SSG Gabriel Wright, RTT, and COL John B. Holcomb, MD, FACS. "An emergency medical bag set for long-range aeromedical transportation." American Journal of Disaster Medicine 3, no. 2 (March 1, 2008): 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5055/ajdm.2008.0011.
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The global war on terror has created the need for urgent long-range aeromedical transport of severely wounded service members over distances of several thousand miles from Afghanistan or Iraq to the United States. This need is met by specialized medical transport teams such as US Air Force Critical Care Air Transport Teams (CCATT) or by the US Army Burn Flight Team (BFT). Both teams travel with multiple bags or cases of emergency equipment, which are comprehensive but cumbersome. To avoid the need to search multiple bags for equipment or drugs when an in-flight emergency occurs, many CCATT and BFT physicians also carry a personal bag of emergency supplies for rapid access. Over the last year, we have evolved and standardized an emergency equipment bag designed to provide the supplies necessary for initial management of emergencies that occur during flight and ground transport. This or a similar emergency kit would be useful for inter or intrahospital transport of critically ill or injured civilian patients, or for physicians who respond to civil emergencies, such as members of Disaster Medical Assistance Teams.
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Hoskovcová, Simona, Štěpán Vymětal, and Martina Wolf Čapková. "Tornádo 2021 v České republice – psychosociální pomoc IZS v zasažených oblastech." E-psychologie 15, no. 4 (December 30, 2021): 60–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.29364/epsy.421.
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The tornado hit the territory of several municipalities in South Moravia in the evening on Thursday, June 24, 2021. Although it was a relatively small area, the extent of the damage was extraordinary and of unprecedented proportions. Many people found themselves in direct danger of themselves and their loved ones. In psychology, we call such an event potentially traumatic, and we know from experience that it can have serious effects on the human psyche. The article aims to present how the system of psychosocial crisis intervention and psychological first aid provided by the Integrated Rescue System of the Czech Republic worked. This psychosocial assistance in the acute phase of a disaster builds the core of psychosocial help. There is a link to other organizations, which have their function mainly in the stabilization phase, in the medium and long-term care of the affected persons. We also consider it necessary to repeat the principles of psychosocial assistance in emergencies.
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Calero, Remedios, and Martina G. Gallarza. "In Which Type of Healthcare Do Patients Show Greater Loyalty? (Public Sector Management vs. Public-Private Partnership)." Revista Ciencias de la Salud 16, no. 3 (October 9, 2018): 391. http://dx.doi.org/10.12804/revistas.urosario.edu.co/revsalud/a.7259.
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Introduction: The present study analyses the patients behavior in a setting with different management types: public sector management and public-private partnership. More specifically, the objective is to establish in which healthcare type (hospitalization, ambulatory surgery, emergencies, outpatients consultation) do the patients show a loyal behavior when they are in different management scenarios. Material and methods: A descriptive analysis based on secondary data collected from an internal database of the Conselleria de Sanidad of the Valencian Community in Spain, a scenario with two different healthcare management types (public sector management and public-private partnership) was conducted. Results: Higher patient ows in two healthcare types (emergency and outpatient consultation); disparate growth of the patients’ net basis; partnership favors maintaining the relationship with the patient thus preventing dropout; specialization of the public-private partnership in an assistance type: ambulatory surgery. Conclusion: The obtained results identify the healthcare types with higher patients’ loyalty, as well as the extent to which the management type affects this loyalty behaviour.
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Metz, William C., Paul L. Hewett, Julie Muzzarelli, and Edward Tanzinan. "Identifying Special-Needs Households that Need Assistance for Emergency Planning." International Journal of Mass Emergencies & Disasters 20, no. 2 (August 2002): 255–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/028072700202000210.
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State governments are increasingly requiring state and local emergency management offices to maintain lists of persons with special needs who may require assistance in disaster situations. In addition, federal courts are beginning to apply the Americans with Disabilities Act. to emergency planning. This study characterizes special-needs households that are located in the vicinity of a chemical weapons storage site in Alabama. For this study, a special-needs household is defined as a residence having at least one person with physical or mental problems, a transportation dependence, or a child who is home alone at limes and requires assistance from outside the family or current circle of relatives, friends, and neighbors to take specific protective actions. The special-needs households were identified throngh a myriad of collection methods, including random sampling, saturation mailing/self-registration, targeted distribution/self-registration, agency and support provider lists, and referrals. Attitudes toward specific protective actions and an assessment of the ability of the special-needs household to take those actions were also sought out. Approximately 9 percent of the community's households were identified as containing persons with special needs who require assistance during emergencies. The study also identified the highly perishable nature of special-needs population records maintained by emergency management agencies. During a data verification process conducted 3 months after the data collection effort concluded, almost half of the previously identified 3,294 individuals with special needs had their situation change or could not be reached for verification. Concurrently, 1,090 new persons with special needs identified themselves as needing assistance. Recommendations are made to the emergency planning community for addressing the support needs of special populations.
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Miskelly, MPP, Reiko, Will Parks, PhD, Nawshad Ahmed, PhD, Asenaca Vakacegu, MA, Katherine Gilber, MPP, and Tim Sutton, MA. "Monitoring the early response to a humanitarian crisis: The use of an Omnibus Survey in the Solomon Islands." Journal of Emergency Management 7, no. 5 (September 1, 2009): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5055/jem.2009.0022.
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On April 2, 2007, an earthquake followed by a tsunami hit islands in Western and Choiseul Provinces of Solomon Islands. More than 36,500 people living in 304 communities were affected. Alongside other United Nations agencies, International and National Non-Government Organizations and Faith- Based Organizations, the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) has played a significant role in the emergency response. UNICEF mobilized staff and resources guided by the agency’s Core Commitment for Children in Emergencies (CCCs). Dialogue with government counterparts and partners led to an initial 6-month Emergency Management Plan (EMP) enabling coordination of UNICEF’s response to the needs of the affected population. This article describes the use of a rapid monitoring tool—the Omnibus Survey— designed to measure initial EMP targets for key child survival interventions 10 weeks after April 2. The article begins with an overview of UNICEF’s role in declared emergencies. A background to the April 2 disaster and UNICEF’s early work with partners is then provided, followed by an explanation of the Omnibus Survey. Immediate implications of the survey’s findings for UNICEF’s ongoing assistance are discussed together with broader lessons learned when preparing for and managing humanitarian crises in the Pacific.
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Lugova, Halyna, Ambigga Devi S. Krishnapillai, Aye Aye Mon, and Wan Farizatul Shima. "Civil-military coordination of public health response to urban disasters in Malaysia." Ukrainian Journal of Military Medicine 1, no. 2 (July 5, 2020): 35–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.46847/ujmm.2020.2(1)-035.
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Introduction. Direct and indirect impacts of disasters and emergencies on public health and health care systems, and the use of health outcomes as indicators of the effectiveness of disaster management activities highlight the importance of the role health sector plays in all phases of disaster management cycle. In Malaysia, several gaps have been identified with regards to humanitarian assistance and disaster relief (HADR) operations, including lack of coordination between agencies, and most of the agencies focusing on the preparedness and response phases.
The purpouse of this narrative review was to obtain a broad appreciation of the extent of the research literature on the role of civil-military coordination during the disaster events in urban settings, particularly in the context of public health response to disasters and emergencies, and a broad understanding of any clear evidence which may have policy implications for KL, Malaysia.
Materials and methods. This study is a narrative review of literature on civil-military coordination of public health response to urban disasters in Malaysia. The databases that were individually searched included PubMed, PsychINFO and Pre-CINAHL. Google Scholar was also searched.
Results. The results of this study highlighted the importance of developing proactive approaches to public health and disasters as opposed to a general reactive approach. Ultimately, by establishing efficient partnership with the military as one of the key stakeholders, through civil-military coordination, an enhanced response to public health implications of disasters and emergencies can be achieved.
Conclusions. Optimizing multi-sectoral approach, interoperability and coordination of civil-military capabilities to address health-related impacts of disasters is especially important in the dense and complex urban setting of Kuala Lumpur (KL) metropolitan area.
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Yusniawati, Yustina Ni Putu, Ida Rahmawati, and Emanuel Ileatan Lewar. "The Effectiveness of Counseling on Mother's Knowledge About Choking And Cardiac Arrest at Ubung Kaja Denpasar Bali." Jurnal Kesehatan Komunitas 8, no. 3 (December 18, 2022): 522–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.25311/keskom.vol8.iss3.1140.
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An emergency condition is a situation that requires quick, precise, and appropriate action to save lives. Delays in providing emergency assistance often occur in children, where the result of this delay is permanent disability and even death. Emergency for children is an important concern because children are not used to expressing uncomfortable conditions in an emergency. Emergency conditions that often occur in children are choking and cardiac arrest. The purpose of this study was to determine the difference in maternal knowledge before and after being given counseling about choking, and cardiopulmonary resuscitation. This study uses a Pre-Experiment with One Group Pre-test Post-test design with a cross-sectional approach. The research was conducted in Ubung Kaja Village. The population in this study were 70 parents who had children aged 0-2 years. Univariate analysis was used to determine the demographic data of the respondents. Bivariate analysis was used to determine differences in maternal knowledge before and after being given counseling about choking and CPR. The results showed that (Choking P 0.000 <a = 0.05), and (Cardiac arrest P 0.000 <a = 0.05). There is an effect of providing counseling on mother's knowledge in emergency handling of fever, choking and cardiac arrest. Further training on emergencies needs to be carried out on an ongoing basis because emergencies can happen anywhere.
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Das, Kuroram, Arkaprovo Pal, Aparajita Dasgupta, Lina Bandyopadhyay, Bobby Paul, Shamita Mandal, Debayan Podder, and Moumita Mandal. "A study on the effectiveness of educational intervention regarding first aid management of selected medical emergencies among adolescents at a school in Kolkata." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 7, no. 1 (December 25, 2019): 340. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20195878.
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Background: Preventable medical emergencies and accidents accounts for a major share of mortality worldwide. First-aid is the provision of initial, on spot management for an illness or injury, meted out by a trained person, who is not an expert, till professional medical assistance is available. School children have often been projected as a potentially promising agent for radically revolutionizing the health scenario of our society, if properly mentored. The aim of study was to assess the changes in knowledge and attitude of adolescent school children towards first-aid management, after appropriate educational intervention.Methods: It was a school based quasi-experimental study conducted among 201 adolescent children. Baseline knowledge and attitude about first-aid management of selected medical emergencies were assessed using pre-designed, pre-tested questionnaire. Then, educational intervention was administered in the form of lectures and demonstrations. Post-interventional evaluation was done using the same questionnaire, after two weeks of intervention. Data was analyzed by SPSS version 16.0.Results: Health professionals (29.2%) and teachers (26.1%) were the primary source of knowledge. Wilcoxon Signed-Ranks test was carried out to determine effect of intervention on knowledge and attitude scores of the students. There was a statistically significant increase in knowledge (Z=-10.982, p<0.001) with large effect size (r=0.54) and an increase in attitude, though not statistically significant (Z=-1.949, p=0.05) with small effect size (r=0.09).Conclusions: There is a need for a uniform, interactive module including hands on activities and periodic mock drills to be incorporated as a separate entity to encourage participation.
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Misztal-Okońska, Patrycja, Krzysztof Goniewicz, Attila J. Hertelendy, Amir Khorram-Manesh, Ahmed Al-Wathinani, Riyadh A. Alhazmi, and Mariusz Goniewicz. "How Medical Studies in Poland Prepare Future Healthcare Managers for Crises and Disasters: Results of a Pilot Study." Healthcare 8, no. 3 (July 9, 2020): 202. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare8030202.
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In the event of a crisis, rapid and effective assistance for victims is essential, and in many cases, medical assistance is required. To manage the situation efficiently, it is necessary to have a proactive management system in place that ensures professional assistance to victims and the safety of medical personnel. We evaluated the perceptions of students and graduates in public health studies at the Medical University of Lublin, Poland, concerning their preparation and management skills for crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic. This pilot study was conducted in March 2020; we employed an online survey with an anonymous questionnaire that was addressed to students and graduates with an educational focus in healthcare organization and management. The study involved 55 people, including 14 men and 41 women. Among the respondents, 41.8% currently worked in a healthcare facility and only 21.7% of them had participated in training related to preparation for emergencies and disasters in their current workplace. The respondents rated their workplaces’ preparedness for the COVID-19 pandemic at four points. A significant number of respondents stated that if they had to manage a public health emergency, they would not be able to manage the situation correctly and not be able to predict its development. Managers of healthcare organizations should have the knowledge and skills to manage crises. It would be advisable for them to have been formally educated in public health or healthcare administration. In every healthcare facility, it is essential that training and practice of performing medical procedures in full personal protective equipment (PPE) be provided. Healthcare facilities must implement regular training combined with practical live scenario exercises to prepare for future crises.
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Coe, Brooke, and Kilian Spandler. "Beyond Effectiveness." Global Governance: A Review of Multilateralism and International Organizations 28, no. 3 (September 19, 2022): 355–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/19426720-02803002.
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Abstract Why do Southeast Asian states use regional mechanisms for disaster relief? From a conventional functionalist perspective, inadequate domestic-level responses to emergencies create a demand for scaled-up governance. This article offers an alternative interpretation of disaster cooperation in Southeast Asia. Drawing on theoretical insights from comparative regionalism and critical disaster studies, it argues that the raison d’être of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) Coordinating Centre for Humanitarian Assistance on Disaster Management (AHA Centre) is to empower ASEAN states vis-à-vis extraregional humanitarian actors. The AHA Centre works to enable Member States to gatekeep intrusive extraregional aid and, ultimately, to transform authority relations in the international humanitarian system in favor of state actors that have traditionally found themselves in a peripheral and passive role.
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Williams, JD, Jillian A., and Aileen B. Xenakis, JD. "Establishing identity during a disaster: The Emergency Management Assistance Compact and the First Responder Authentication Credential." Journal of Emergency Management 6, no. 6 (November 1, 2008): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5055/jem.2008.0041.
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As emergencies consistently overwhelm the resources of the jurisdictions they affect, the emergency management community responds with legislation enacting programs to send aid more efficiently, including the Emergency Management Assistance Compact (EMAC). Correspondingly, emergency management technology develops to meet the field’s evolving needs. The Office of the National Capital Region Coordination (ONCRC) finds that the technology behind First Responder Authentication Credentials, or FRAC cards, will supplement the EMAC program by providing the trust framework that will enable identity and typing to be electronically verified to one individual issued from an authoritative source. It puts into practice “trust but verify” with verification being enabled electronically and provides a trust framework that assures the incident scene commander that a visiting first responder is who he says he is and is certified to perform the tasks that he has been assigned. In the chaos that accompanies such disasters, there is a latent threat of doing more harm by admitting unauthenticated people to an already vulnerable asset or scene; in an effort to protect against further harm, capable and available assisting responders are often prevented from actually helping. The FRAC program is the next stage in the emergency management field’s development of more efficient response mechanisms. In essence, FRAC picks up where EMAC left off: it provides a credential with photo and biometric identification that accesses computer data confirming the visiting first responder’s attributes and skill sets. It allows on-scene security to confirm a visiting first responder’s identity and credentials. Necessity is the mother of invention, and the FRAC program meets the current need for electronic verification of identity and skills, while simultaneously allowing for greater accountability on the scene of a disaster. The FRAC technology will be a critical element in reaching the next level of success in emergency response. It should fit seamlessly into the programs that have already yielded positive results and should help first responders to be more effective and efficient.
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Bartolini, Giulio. "Epidemics and the Future of International Disaster Law." International Community Law Review 24, no. 3 (April 29, 2022): 257–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18719732-bja10082.
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Abstract This paper explores the relationship between epidemics and International Disaster Law. In particular the paper addresses some selective examples of legal and operational issues pertaining to International Disaster Law where the increasing concern on health emergencies, dated back to the Ebola crisis, have progressively facilitated the management of tailored initiatives. In particular, in relation to prevention and preparedness, challenges experienced to include biological hazards in universal disaster risk reduction frameworks will be introduced, as well as the dedicated attention to preparedness for epidemics progressively experienced in international coordination disaster management systems. In relation to post-hazard phases, some initiatives aimed at facilitating international relief operations in front of epidemics will be explored, as complemented by international financial instruments factoring epidemics in assistance programs. This overview might thus permit to assess some trends in this area, paving the way for potential further reforms eventually based on developments already introduced in the framework of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Maltais, D., M. Gibson, L. Hardy, S. Ruthe, and M. Balazs. "(P1-58) Frailty, Dementia and Disaster: An E-Learning Initiative for Health Care Providers." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 26, S1 (May 2011): s117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x11003906.
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Frailty, Dementia and Disaster: an e-learning initiative for Health care providers D. Maltais1, M. Gibson2, L. Hardy3, S. Ruthe4, 1University of Quebec, Chicoutimi 2St. Joseph's Health Care London, London 3Health and Social Services, Yukon Territory Government, Whitehorse 4Emergency Program, Corporation of the District of Oak Bay, Victoria, Canada.This poster describes the development, piloting, evaluation, and dissemination of the e-learning tool: “Frailty, Dementia and Disasters: What Health Care Providers Need to Know”. The purpose of the e-learning tool is to contribute to international efforts to reduce the disproportionate vulnerability of older adults in emergencies and disasters. Key literature on geriatric emergency preparedness and response issues, including the roles and responsibilities of health care providers, was identified and synthesized. Content was piloted in a facilitated workshop in Ontario. A Canada-wide health provider reference group provided feedback on the transition from a traditional powerpoint presentation to an e-learning format. The evaluation process included facilitated review of the tool by health care providers in two in-person workshops in each of Yukon and Quebec and in an independent review by health care providers in British Columbia (virtual). The learning objectives of the e-learning resource are to help health care providers, administrators and policy makers understand the: · disproportionate vulnerability of older adults who are frail and those who have dementia, in emergencies and disasters; · components of the emergency management cycle and how they apply to this target population; · best practice resources that can be used to improve emergency preparedness, response, recovery and mitigation; and · role of health care organizations and providers in emergency management for these older adults. The e-Learning tool is hosted with open access on www.dementiaknowledgebroker.ca (DKB), a platform facilitated by the CDRAKE - the knowledge exchange theme of the Canadian Dementia Knowledge TranslationNetwork (CDKTN).
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Yang, Zong Xiao, Tian Xiao, Lei Song, and Guan Qiang Dong. "Expressway Event Management Expert System Based on Ontology and Rule Reasoning." Advanced Materials Research 601 (December 2012): 361–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.601.361.
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Response and decision-making support in expressway emergency management and rescue greatly affects some key factors like emergency rescue plan, emergency duration time, effect range, economy and time loss. Experts system is a kind of intelligent program, using knowledge and reasoning to solve the complex problem that only experts can work out, it is a popular and efficient decision-support means, has some practical features that manual way cannot compare with and offers a modem scientific measure in incident management. Expert system can provide high-efficiency, rapid, exact and powerful assistance in decision support. In order to deal with various possible emergencies promptly and efficiently and therefore ensure the safety and unblocked state of the expressway, develop the expert system has become a trend of emergency rescue and management. In expert system,The knowledge representation is the key basic issues has the important influence to construction of the knowledge base and the reasoning of the expert system. So there has the practical significance to further research on knowledge representation of expressway accident management system, According to features of different knowledge, in exsiting expert systems different knowledge representation methods were adopted such as frame, production rule, procedure, first-order predicate logic, etc. This paper focus on the ontology’s application in the field of expressway emergency rescue and propose a expressway event managemnet expert system based on ontology and rule reasoning.
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Metz, PhD, William C., Edward A. Tanzman, JD, Leslie A. Nieves, MS, and Vanda Holt. "Preparing people with special needs for emergencies: The Alabama Chemical Stockpile Emergency Preparedness Program (CSEPP) model." Journal of Emergency Management 3, no. 4 (July 1, 2005): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5055/jem.2005.0039.
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A six-county region in northeastern Alabama put together one of the United States’ most progressive efforts to assist the special-needs population in preparing for and protecting themselves against emergencies. The region is host to a US Army depot that stores and incinerates an aging chemical weapons stockpile, the release of chemical weapons agent from which could pose a threat to the surrounding area. Almost a decade ago, the counties collectively agreed to provide their most vulnerable residents—those with physical, medical, or mental disabilities or those lacking transportation who have no family, neighbors, or friends nearby—with emergency preparedness assistance equal to or greater than that provided to the general population. Due to their immediate proximity to the depot, two counties faced the greatest challenge in providing “maximum protection” to their residents. These counties made substantial adjustments to the protective-equipment distribution process and to the public training process for those residents with special needs. Self-sufficiency is sustained through repeated, empathetic contact between emergency management personnel and the special-needs population with additional specialized resources deployed on a proactive basis throughout the region.
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Liang, Jichao, Jiancang Xie, Xue Wang, Rui Wang, Tao Jin, and Shaojiu Wang. "Research on the Construction and Application Mode of Digital Plans for Sudden Water Pollution Events." Processes 10, no. 5 (April 23, 2022): 833. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr10050833.
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Water pollution is an important aspect of a national water treatment. Sudden water safety incidents are random and destructive, often bringing about huge losses of life and property. Due to the uncertainty of sudden water pollution, it is difficult to respond in a timely and rapid manner. Emergency personnel must deal with emergencies quickly and effectively to reduce the harm caused by these emergencies. The randomness and uncertainty of sudden water pollution events make emergency work more complicated; it is difficult for current emergency plans to play guiding roles in complex responses. The decision-making and use of traditional water safety procedures largely depend on the experiences of command personnel, as well as on the emergency plan, which often has poor applicability. This can result in ineffective implementation of emergency actions and use of resources stemming from the high subjectivity and low efficiency of emergency plans. In this paper, we summarize previous research on digital planning and platform component technology exploration in order to evaluate the use of sudden water safety emergency procedures. We first analyze the main problems in the construction and use of emergency plans (e.g., the lack of experience and adaptability). Secondly, based on the decision-making support platform, a digital emergency plan database for water pollution emergencies was established by using component technology and knowledge map technology. In doing so, the decision support platform could enable the rapid construction of digital plans that improve application efficiency in an actual response scenario. Finally, through the system example, this system model can be quickly matched from the plan database to the emergency plan that meets the current scenario. It is a recommended model used to provide rapid and effective assistance for emergency management and improve emergency efficiency.
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McNeill, Charleen C., Cristina Richie, and Danita Alfred. "Individual emergency-preparedness efforts: A social justice perspective." Nursing Ethics 27, no. 1 (May 14, 2019): 184–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969733019843621.
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Background: Since 2010, the United States has experienced 228 disasters, affecting over 86 million people. Because of population shifts, the growing number of people living with chronic conditions or disabilities, and the growing number of older citizens living independently, access and service gaps often exist for those without money or other transferable resources. There is a lack of evidence regarding individual community members’ capacity to prepare for emergencies. Research objective: The purpose of this study is to highlight participant experiences in becoming better prepared for emergencies and provide insight from a social justice perspective. Research design: This is a descriptive qualitative study, staying very close to the data as an end product rather than a beginning for interpretation. Participants and research context: A total of 13 low-income, uninsured, or under-insured attendees at a medical outreach clinic were interviewed. Ethical considerations: Institutional Review Board approval was obtained from the University of Texas at Tyler. Findings: Four themes emerged from the interview data: (a) evaluation of the emergency-preparedness education, (b) making emergency plans, (c) challenges in preparing for emergencies, and (d) facilitators of emergency preparedness. Discussion: Identifying the potential challenges to individual emergency preparedness among vulnerable populations is the first step in overcoming them. The capacity to comply with such measures, especially the ability of those with limited incomes and other vulnerable populations, must be considered. Conclusion: Synchronized, well-ordered assistance will close gaps in recovery and enhance efficiency in pre- and post-event aid. Theoretically, doing so will promote engaged and resilient members of society who are better able to withstand adverse events. The importance of the relationship between individual preparedness levels and the resiliency of nations supports the social justice imperative to address the needs of vulnerable populations in the mitigation and planning phase of the emergency management cycle.
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Harpring, Russell, Amin Maghsoudi, Christian Fikar, Wojciech D. Piotrowicz, and Graham Heaslip. "An analysis of compounding factors of epidemics in complex emergencies: a system dynamics approach." Journal of Humanitarian Logistics and Supply Chain Management 11, no. 2 (March 2, 2021): 198–226. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jhlscm-07-2020-0063.
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PurposeThis study aims to describe the compounding factors in a complex emergency, which exacerbate a cholera epidemic among vulnerable populations due to supply chain disruptions. Basic needs such as food, medicine, water, sanitation and hygiene commodities are critical to reduce the incidence rate of cholera and control the spread of infection. Conflicts cause damage to infrastructure, displace vulnerable populations and restrict the flow of goods from both commercial and humanitarian organizations. This study assesses the underlying internal and external factors that either aggravate or mitigate the risk of a cholera outbreak in such settings, using Yemen as a case study.Design/methodology/approachThis study adopts a system dynamics methodology to analyze factors that influence cholera outbreaks in the context of the Yemeni Civil War. A causal loop diagram with multiple components was constructed to represent the complexities of humanitarian situations that require critical decision-making. The model was built using data from humanitarian organizations, non-governmental organizations and practitioners, along with literature from academic sources. Variables in the model were confirmed through semi-structured interviews with a field expert.FindingsCompounding factors that influenced the cholera outbreak in Yemen are visualized in a causal loop diagram, which can improve the understanding of relationships where numerous uncertainties exist. A strong link exists between humanitarian response and the level of infrastructure development in a country. Supply chains are affected by constraints deriving from the Yemeni conflict, further inhibiting the use of infrastructure, which limits access to basic goods and services. Aligning long-term development objectives with short-term humanitarian response efforts can create more flexible modes of assistance to prevent and control future outbreaks.Research limitations/implicationsThe model focuses on the qualitative aspects of system dynamics to visualize the logistics and supply chain-related constraints that impact cholera prevention, treatment and control through humanitarian interventions. The resulting causal loop diagram is bounded by the Yemen context; thus, an extension of the model adapted for other contexts is recommended for further study.Practical implicationsThis study presents a systematic view of dynamic factors existing in complex emergencies that have cause-and-effect relationships. Several models of cholera outbreaks have been used in previous studies, primarily focusing on the modes and mechanisms of transmission throughout a population. However, such models typically do not include other internal and external factors that influence the population and context at the site of an outbreak. This model incorporates those factors from a logistics perspective to address the distribution of in-kind goods and cash and voucher assistance.Social implicationsThis study has been aligned with six of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), using their associated targets in the model as variables that influence the cholera incidence rate. Recognizing that the SDGs are interlinked, as are the dynamic factors in complex humanitarian emergencies, the authors have chosen to take an interdisciplinary approach to consider social, economic and environmental factors that may be impacted by this research.Originality/valueThis paper provides an insight into the underlying inter-relations of internal and external factors present in the context of a cholera outbreak in a complex crisis. Supply chains for food; water, sanitation and hygiene; and health products are crucial to help prevent, control and treat an outbreak. The model exposes vulnerabilities in the supply chain, which may offer guidance for decision makers to improve resilience, reduce disruptions and decrease the severity of cholera outbreaks.
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P, Gomathi, and Sugapriya M. "BETTER AND SMARTER EMERGENCY MEDICAL ASSISTANCE DURING ROAD ACCIDENT AND VEHICLE IMPACT." International Journal of Engineering Applied Sciences and Technology 6, no. 6 (October 1, 2021): 258–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.33564/ijeast.2021.v06i06.036.
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Emergencies, by definition, are unpredictable and rapid response is key requirement in emergency management. Globally, a significant number of deaths occur each year, caused by excessive delays in rescue activities. Vehicles embedded with sophisticated technologies, along with roads equipped with advanced infrastructure, can play a vital role in the timely identification and notification of roadside incidents. However, such infrastructure and technologically-rich vehicles are rarely available in less developed countries. Hence, in such countries, low-cost solutions are required to address the issue. Systems based on the Internet of Things (IoT) have begun to be used to detect and report roadside incidents. The majority of the systems designed forth is purpose involve the use of the cloud to compute, manage, and store information. However, the centralization and remoteness of cloud resources can result in an increased delay that raises serious concerns about its feasibility in emergency situations; in life-threatening situations, all delays should be minimized where feasible. To address the problem of latency, fog computing has emerged as a middleware paradigm that brings the cloud-like resources closer to end devices. In light of this, the research proposed here leverages the advantages of sophisticated features of smartphones and fog computing to propose and develop low-cost and delay-aware accident detection and response systems, which we term Emergency Response and Disaster Management System (ERDMS). An Android application is developed that utilizes smartphone sensors for the detection of incidents. When an accident is detected, a plan of action is devised. Initially a nearby hospital is located using the Global Positioning System (GPS). The emergency department of the hospital is notified about the accident that directs an ambulance to the accident site. In addition, the family contacts of the victim are also informed about the accident. All the required computation is performed on the nearby available fog nodes. Moreover, the proposed scheme is simulated using iFog sim to evaluate and compare the performance using fog nodes and cloud data centres.
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Rahman, Hakikur. "Managing Information for Real-Time Decision Support at Community Level." International Journal of Information Communication Technologies and Human Development 5, no. 1 (January 2013): 60–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jicthd.2013010104.
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Management of real time information systems is gaining importance in all sectors and facets of human life. Varying from their applications in aviation, military, government, space technology, earth science, robotics, human cognitive, life support systems, disasters and emergencies, they emerge in diversified forms and natures. This paper identifies various contexts in the decision making processes of community livelihood; contextualizes the relevant information for taking time-critical decision, conceptualizes appropriate decision making methods, tools, and technologies for proper implementation, and manages an appropriate decision support system focusing knowledge acquisition and learning. Along this perspective, the paper establishes a decision support system framework in the aspect of early warning system in reaching out to grass roots community people at their own language, sign, and interpretation; provides knowledge support during disaster management, especially during post-disaster; provides information support in agriculture related matters, focusing pest control, and pre and post harvesting issues; provides emergency health assistance support during road accidents, or emergency health cases, or epidemic breakouts; and finally provides collaborative learning to improve e-governance at community level.
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MORENO GARCÍA, Javier. "El Derecho ante las emergencias ordinarias. El confuso marco jurídico actual y una propuesta para su ordenación." RVAP 117, no. 117 (August 1, 2020): 195–245. http://dx.doi.org/10.47623/ivap-rvap.117.2020.05.
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LABURPENA: Babes zibileko eskubide tradizionala, larrialdi oso larri eta katastrofikoetara zuzenduta dagoena, oso desberdinak diren larrialdien erregulazioa eta kudeaketa hartzen ari da bere gain. Larrialdi berezi horiek egunez egun gertatzen dira, gizarte baten edo pertsona-talde baten ohiko funtzionamendua aldatu gabe; larrialdi arrunt deritze. Lan honek emaitza horretara eraman duen prozesua deskribatzen du, arau-bilakaera eta Konstituzio Auzitegiaren jurisprudentzia ugaria aztertuz, bai babes zibilari dagokionez, bai larrialdiak arautzen dituzten araudi sektorialei dagokienez. Horren ondoren, proposatzen da babes zibileko eskubideak larrialdi larrienei soilik zuzenduta egon behar duela, aparteko erantzun juridikoa behar duelako, eta ohiko larrialdien aurrean administrazio publiko guztien erantzuna bermatu eta koordinatzera bideratutako diziplina bat eraiki behar dela, argi eta garbi bereizita laguntza-zerbitzua zuzenean ematetik, zeina, alderdi desberdinetan, administrazio sektorialei baitagokie: osasungintza, suhiltzaileak, poliziak edo salbamendua eta erreskatea lehorreko, itsasoko eta aireko eremuetan. Biak, ohiz kanpoko larrialdiak eta larrialdi arruntak, diziplina zabalagoan biltzen dira, zuzenbide konparatu aurreratuenak larrialdiak kudeatzeko eskubide gisa deitzen duen diziplinan, alegia. ABSTRACT: The traditional Law on civil protection aimed at the severe or catastrophic emergencies is taking up the regulation and management of some other different emergencies, those that happen from the day to day without altering the functioning of a society or a group of persons, the so called ordinary emergencies. This work describes the process that has led to this result by means of the analysis of the normative evolution and the rich case law of the Constitutional Court, both with reference to the area of the civil protection and to the sector-specific regulations on emergencies. After that, it is advanced the proposal that the Law on civil protection be exclusively aimed at the most severe emergencies given the extraordinary legal response that require and that a legal discipline is created to ensure and coordinate the response by all public administrations in the face of ordinary emergencies, crearly differentiated from the direct provision of assistance that in their different facets corresponds to sector-specific administrations: health, firemen, police, rescue services in the field of land, sea and air. Both, severe and ordinary emergencies, are assembled in a broader legal branch of study called by the most advanced Comparative law Emergency Management Law. RESUMEN: El tradicional derecho de protección civil, dirigido a las emergencias muy graves y catastróficas, está asumiendo la regulación y gestión de otro tipo de emergencias muy distintas, las que día a día acontecen sin alterar el ordinario funcionamiento de una sociedad o colectivo de personas, denominadas emergencias ordinarias. Este trabajo describe el proceso que ha conducido a este resultado a través del análisis de la evolución normativa y de la abundante jurisprudencia del Tribunal Constitucional, tanto en relación con la materia protección civil, como con las normativas sectoriales que regulan las emergencias. Tras ello, se formula la propuesta de que el derecho de protección civil siga exclusivamente dirigido a las emergencias más graves, dada la extraordinaria respuesta jurídica que requieren, y que se construya una disciplina dedicada a garantizar y coordinar la respuesta de todas las administraciones públicas ante las emergencias ordinarias, claramente diferenciada de la directa prestación del servicio de auxilio que, en sus distintas faceta, compete a las administraciones sectoriales: sanitaria, bomberos, policías o salvamento y rescate en los ámbitos de tierra, mar y aire. Ambas, emergencias extraordinarias y ordinarias, se agrupan en una disciplina más amplia denominada por el derecho comparado más avanzado como derecho de gestión de emergencias.
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Sheehan, Rosemary. "Mental health issues in child protection cases: A study of protective cases in the Family Division of the Children’s Court, Victoria." Children Australia 22, no. 4 (1997): 14–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s103507720000835x.
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This article discusses the problems which confronted the Family Division of the Children’s Court, Victoria, in the management of cases in which there were mental health issues. Mental health issues were one of the major reasons for protective concerns in one in four cases presented to the Court during this study. They were cases which were often difficult to decide both because magistrates did not have knowledge about mental health problems and because there was a lack of expert information to assist them. Contributions by specialist mental health practitioners to the assessment of child protection applications were negligible and this meant the mental health problems were not identified for the Court. A more cooperative system which allows mental health professionals to work closely with the child protection service would be of greater assistance to the Court.
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Hostettler-Blunier, Simone, Nora Müller, Tobias Haltmeier, Andreas Hosner, Heinz Bähler, Frank Neff, Daniel Baumberger, Aristomenis Exadaktylos, and Beat Schnüriger. "Public Medical Preparedness at the “Swiss Wrestling and Alpine Games 2013”: Descriptive Analysis of 1,533 Patients Treated at the Largest 3-Day Sporting Event in Switzerland." Emergency Medicine International 2017 (2017): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/9162095.
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Introduction. Medical preparedness at mass gatherings is challenging, as little is known about the optimal planning. Most studies and case reports are based on mass casualty incidents, so the results cannot be extrapolated to mass gatherings. Aim of this study was to evaluate the preclinical medical structure and the frequency of specific injuries and medical emergencies during the event. Methods. Retrospective analysis of a prospectively collected database. Three on-site medical assistance points were set up, completed by mobile teams, and coordinated by an on-site operational management team. Medical staff requirements were calculated using Maurer’s formula. Results. A total of 1,533 patients were treated during the three-day event. Overall, the medical usage rate (MUR; patients per 10,000 visitors) was 51.1. A total of 58 patients (3.8%) required a hospital transfer. In 1,063 cases (69.3%) a diagnosis was documented. Of these, 503 patients (47.3%) suffered from hymenoptera stings; the two most common non-trauma-related diagnoses were alcohol/drug intoxication (4.1%) and gastrointestinal diseases (4.0%). Conclusion. Overall, the on-site medical care worked well. However, a high frequency of hymenoptera stings occurred, resulting in a shortage of antihistamine medication. Moreover, more than half of the patients were managed at the second largest medical assistance point. Prospective and critical evaluation of medical care at mass gatherings is crucial in order to optimize on-site medical preparedness at future events.
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Becton, Julius W. "Overview." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 2, no. 1-4 (1986): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00030235.
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Your program discussion this morning about the Mexico City earthquake brings back some recent and actual vivid memories. I was in Mexico City last fall. I went there within two weeks of the earth tremor that hit. I was there in my capacity as the Director in the Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance (OFDA) and AID. Several weeks later, I joined FEMA, the Federal Emergency Management Agency, with its full load of domestic emergencies and various systems and plans to meet those crises. Some of you may ask, well, is there any major difference, basic difference, between coping with a disaster overseas and disasters that occur here in the United States? And, of course, you also, I suspect, would be interested to find out how I connect those disasters with the purpose of this conference, which is how to deal with the mass casualty incidents. Obviously, there are differences in all nations.
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Shimizu, Kazuki, Francesco Checchi, and Abdihamid Warsame. "Disparities in Health Financing Allocation among Infectious Diseases in Ebola Virus Disease (EVD)-Affected Countries, 2005–2017." Healthcare 10, no. 2 (January 18, 2022): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10020179.
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The Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreaks impacted the population health due to overstretched health systems and disrupted essential health services. Despite a call to achieve equal financial allocation depending on public health needs, there has been scant examination of the fairness of investment among infectious diseases. This study analyzes the extent to which equitable development assistance for health (DAH) has been provided in accordance with disease burden in EVD-affected countries. Estimates of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) in the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2017 and DAH Database 1990–2019 in 2005–2017 were analyzed by disease category: vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs), HIV/AIDS, malaria, tuberculosis, and EVD. HIV/AIDS generally recorded higher ratios of DAH per DALYs (DAH/DALYs). Malaria and tuberculosis showed different trends by country, and VPDs generally presented lower ratios. In West Africa in 2013–2016, DAH/DALYs surged in EVD and fluctuated in HIV/AIDS and malaria. Tuberculosis and VPDs consistently recorded lower ratios. To achieve the risk reduction during and after health emergencies, optimal funding allocation between diseases based on the disease burden is warranted in the pre-emergency period, along with measurement of immediate health needs of populations in real-time during an emergency.
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Mishra, Bijaya Kumar, Srikanta Kanungo, Kripalini Patel, Swagatika Swain, Subhralaxmi Dwivedy, Subhashree Panda, Sonam Karna, et al. "Resolution of Resilience: Empirical Findings on the Challenges Faced and the Mitigation Strategies Adopted by Community Health Workers (CHWs) to Provide Maternal and Child Health (MCH) Services during the COVID-19 Pandemic in the Context of Odisha, India." Healthcare 10, no. 1 (January 3, 2022): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10010088.
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Community health workers (CHW) faced increased challenges in delivering maternal and child health services during the current COVID-19 pandemic. In addition to routine services, they were also engaged in pandemic management. In view of a dearth of evidence, the current study explores the challenges faced by CHWs while rendering maternal and child health services. A qualitative study through in-depth interviews (IDI) and focus group discussions (FGD) in six districts of Odisha was conducted from February to April 2021. Data were analyzed using MAXQDA software. Personal-level challenges, like lack of family support, stress, and fear of contracting COVID-19; facility-level challenges, like transportation problems and inadequate personal protective measures; and community-level challenges, like stigma, resistance, and lack of community support were major hindrances in provisioning routine MCH services. Prevailing myths and misconceptions concerning COVID-19 were factors behind stigma and resistance. Sharing experiences with family, practicing yoga and pranayam, engaging ambulance bikes, financial assistance to mothers, counseling people, and involving community leaders were some effective strategies to address these challenges. Development and implementation of appropriate strategy guidelines for addressing the challenges of frontline warriors will improve their work performance and achieve uninterrupted MCH services during pandemics or similar health emergencies.