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Journal articles on the topic 'Assessment health care'

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Published: 11 January 2025

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1

aljuaid, Hussain ali, Mohmad Saad Alkarani, Naif Saad Alkaraan, Ali Hamad Almegames, Abdulmohsen Saad Ali Alamri, Yahya Mohammed Alahamri, Youssef salem Alotaibi, Saad Abdullah Shuqayr, Maher Ahmed Alshehri, and Munirah Ali Mesfer Alquraini. "Assessment of Perceived Health Care Service Quality." International Journal Of Pharmaceutical And Bio-Medical Science 02, no. 12 (December 16, 2022): 652–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.47191/ijpbms/v2-i12-12.

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This article's objective is to describe a simplified method for developing and assessing the quality of healthcare-related research questions. This process involved three stages. The objective of the initial phase was to identify and investigate a scientific field. This field would be used to identify outputs such as analysis units, variables, and goals. The objective of the second stage was to formulate structured research questions based on the findings of the first phase. In general, research questions begin with interrogative adverbs (e.g., what and when), auxiliary verbs (e.g., is there and are there), or other auxiliaries (e.g., do, does, and did); followed by nouns nominalized from verbs of research objectives, such as association, correlation, influence, causation, prediction, and application; research variables (e.g., risk factors, efficiency, effectiveness, and safety); and units of measurement (e.g., patients with hypertension and general hospitals). The objective of the third stage was to evaluate the relevance, originality, generalizability, measurability, communicability, resource availability, and ethical considerations of the research questions. By adhering to the proposed streamlined procedure, inexperienced researchers can learn how to compose well-structured research questions with solid scientific value.

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de Andrade, Fábia Barbosa, Iris do Ceu Clara Costa, Tainara Lôrena dos Santos Ferreira, Isabelle Christine Fonsêca G. A. Silva, Íngrid Katianne Marques Araújo, Dídia de Oliveira Pereira, Joymara Railma Gomes de Assunção, Jéssica Isabelle dos Santos Dutra, and Aline de Lima Cabral. "Assessment of Comprehensive Health Care of the Elderly in Primary Health Care." Health 07, no. 03 (2015): 365–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/health.2015.73041.

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Silva, Isabelle Christine Fonsêca G. A., Tainara Lôrena dos Santos Ferreira, Dídia de Oliveira Pereira, Joymara Railma Gomes de Assunção, Paloma Batista Costa, Jovanka Bittencourt Leite de Carvalho, Iris do Ceu Clara Costa, and Fábia Barbosa de Andrade. "Maternal and Child Care Assessment Focused on Prenatal Care and Birth." Health 07, no. 01 (2015): 167–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/health.2015.71019.

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Bozic, Kevin J., Read G. Pierce, and James H. Herndon. "Health Care Technology Assessment." Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery-American Volume 86, no. 6 (June 2004): 1305–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2106/00004623-200406000-00028.

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Alrewaili, Maha Zaben, Fatima Hussein Alghamdi, Faizah Shawhet Alruwaili, Azizah Sabr Gareb Aldhafeeri, Mariam Nehitar Gadr alshamari, Mashael Ali Alasmari, Mashael mohsen alanazi, and Marwa mohsen alanazi. "Pain Assessment and Management in Health Care: Nurses' Perspectives." International Journal Of Pharmaceutical And Bio-Medical Science 02, no. 11 (November 30, 2022): 552–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.47191/ijpbms/v2-i11-14.

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Background: chronic and acute pain are extremely common, particularly among hospitalizes surgical patients, cancer patients, and general medical inpatients. More than half of patients report significant pain. The knowledge and attitude of health professionals toward pain management have frequently been described as inadequate. The purpose of this study was to investigate the attitudes and knowledge of nurses working in health care regarding pain management. Methods: The Nurses' Knowledge and Attitudes Regarding Pain Survey was used in a quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional design to examine nurses' perception (knowledge and attitude) about pain. We focused on the nursing field to assess nurses' perceptions of pain management. This study included a convenience sample of 200 nurses from hospitals. Results: Participants who scored 75% were thought to have poor knowledge and an abnormal attitude. Participants with a score of more than 75% were deemed to have adequate knowledge and a positive attitude. According to the findings of the study, the knowledge and attitude percentage means of correct answers about pain management were 61% (SD: 11.97%; 95% CI 59.33-62.6%). Inadequate knowledge and attitude were present in 89.5% of all participants, while adequate knowledge and attitude were present in 10.5%. Previous experience with pain management education was statistically significant (p 0.05). Conclusion and Recommendation: According to the findings of this study, nurses have insufficient knowledge and attitudes toward pain management. Younger nurses had a more positive attitude toward pain management than older nurses. Pain management education influences both knowledge and attitude. There is a need for innovative training approaches. Pain management education is an important part of the nursing orientation program and should be offered all year to all nurses. The NKASRP should be used as a baseline and follow-up measure to explore and test new evidence-based approaches to pain management among nurses.

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Mosteller, Frederick, and Elisabeth Burdick. "Current Issues in Health Care Technology Assessment." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 5, no. 1 (January 1989): 123–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462300006012.

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This article presents an overview of technology assessment in the United States. The authors argue that while there are numerous institutions carrying out assessments, the United States requires an overall plan that would provide a national system for technology assessment. If technology assessment were more organized and systematized, the authors argue, it would be more efficient and would reach the public and the medical world effectively.

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Shaw, C. "External assessment of health care." BMJ 322, no. 7290 (April 7, 2001): 851–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.322.7290.851.

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Goodman, Melody S., Maria Gonzalez, Sandra Gil, Xuemei Si, Judith L. Pashoukos, Jewel D. Stafford, Elsa Ford, and Dennis A. Pashoukos. "Brentwood Community Health Care Assessment." Progress in Community Health Partnerships: Research, Education, and Action 8, no. 1 (2014): 5–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cpr.2014.0012.

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Goodman, Melody S., Maria Gonzalez, Sandra Gil, Xuemei Si, Judith L. Pashoukos, Jewel D. Stafford, Elsa Ford, and Dennis A. Pashoukos. "Brentwood Community Health Care Assessment." Progress in Community Health Partnerships: Research, Education, and Action 8, no. 1 (2014): 29–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cpr.2014.0017.

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10

Kesteloot, Katrien. "Assessment of health care technologies." Health Policy 40, no. 3 (June 1997): 260–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-8510(97)89818-1.

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Perleth, Matthias. "Technology Assessment in Health Care." Public Health Forum 5, no. 3 (July 1, 1997): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pubhef-1997-1445.

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Parsons, Robert J., H. Bruce Higley, Vicki Wallock Okerlund, Clark T. Thorstensen, and Howard R. Gray. "Elderly Health Care Needs Assessment." Journal of Hospital Marketing 10, no. 2 (June 3, 1996): 49–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j043v10n02_06.

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13

Bober, Timothy, Bruce L. Rollman, Steven Handler, Andrew Watson, Lyndsay A. Nelson, Julie Faieta, and Ann-Marie Rosland. "Digital Health Readiness: Making Digital Health Care More Inclusive." JMIR mHealth and uHealth 12 (October 9, 2024): e58035. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/58035.

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This paper proposes an approach to assess digital health readiness in clinical settings to understand how prepared, experienced, and equipped individual people are to participate in digital health activities. Existing digital health literacy and telehealth prediction tools exist but do not assess technological aptitude for particular tasks or incorporate available electronic health record data to improve efficiency and efficacy. As such, we propose a multidomain digital health readiness assessment that incorporates a person’s stated goals and motivations for use of digital health, a focused digital health literacy assessment, passively collected data from the electronic health record, and a focused aptitude assessment for critical skills needed to achieve a person’s goals. This combination of elements should allow for easy integration into clinical workflows and make the assessment as actionable as possible for health care providers and in-clinic digital health navigators. Digital health readiness profiles could be used to match individuals with support interventions to promote the use of digital tools like telehealth, mobile apps, and remote monitoring, especially for those who are motivated but do not have adequate experience. Moreover, while effective and holistic digital health readiness assessments could contribute to increased use and greater equity in digital health engagement, they must also be designed with inclusivity in mind to avoid worsening known disparities in digital health care.

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John, Nimmy N., and Neha Patil. "Assessment of Post-Operative VTE Prophylaxis amongst the Health-Care Providers." International Journal of Pharma Research and Health Sciences 7, no. 4 (August 2019): 3039–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/ijprhs.2019.04.05.

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Silva, Simone Albino da, Denismar Alves Nogueira, Camila Maria da Silva Paraizo, and Lislaine Aparecida Fracolli. "Assessment of primary health care: health professionals’ perspective." Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da USP 48, spe (August 2014): 122–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0080-623420140000600018.

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Objective To assess primary health care attributes of access to a first contact, comprehensiveness, coordination, continuity, family guidance and community orientation. Method An evaluative, quantitative and cross-sectional study with 35 professional teams in the Family Health Program of the Alfenas region, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Data collection was done with the Primary Care Assessment Tool - Brazil, professional version. Results Results revealed a low percentage of medical experts among the participants who evaluated the attributes with high scores, with the exception of access to a first contact. Data analysis revealed needs for improvement: hours of service; forms of communication between clients and healthcare services and between clients and professionals; the mechanism of counter-referral. Conclusion It was concluded that there is a mismatch between the provision of services and the needs of the population, which compromises the quality of primary health care.

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Shaltynov, Askhat, Aizhan Raushanova, Ulzhan Jamedinova, Aigerim Sepbossynova, Altay Myssayev, and Ayan Myssayev. "Health-care Accessibility Assessment in Kazakhstan." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 9, E (February 18, 2021): 89–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2021.5704.

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BACKGROUND: Global health initiatives such as health for all and universal health coverage aim to improve access to health care. These goals require constant comprehensive monitoring to eliminate inequalities in the availability of health care. AIM: The purpose of our study was to assess the physical availability of medical care in Kazakhstan. METHODS: A descriptive study based on a Service Availability and Readiness Assessment (SARA) general availability index calculation that used secondary data as a source of information. RESULTS: The general availability index calculated for the regions of Kazakhstan ranged from 95% to 100%. When considering individual indicators of the index, decrease trends of the volume of inpatient care were identified. Outpatient care had fluctuations with values better than benchmark after 2009. Stable upward trend illustrates positive picture of core health personnel. CONCLUSION: According to the SARA availability index, it can be concluded that health care in Kazakhstan exceeds the threshold values and is available in all regions. Trends for individual indicators of the index should be studied in more detail, taking into account the influence of health policy and other factors.

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Ali, Rasha, and Seham Fouad. "Performance assessment of health care providers." Sohag Medical Journal 22, no. 3 (October 1, 2018): 252–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/smj.2018.34231.

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Barker, J. A. "Health technology assessment in critical care." Yearbook of Pulmonary Disease 2009 (January 2009): 327–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s8756-3452(08)79032-7.

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Hailey, D. "Health care technology and its assessment." Health Policy 27, no. 2 (February 1994): 193–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-8510(94)90080-9.

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Boos, Norbert. "Health care technology assessment and transfer." European Spine Journal 16, no. 8 (July 18, 2007): 1291–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00586-007-0440-9.

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21

Kilduff, A., K. McKeown, and A. Crowther. "Health needs assessment in primary care." Public Health 112, no. 3 (May 1998): 175–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.ph.1900454.

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Rumbold, B. "Spiritual Assessment and Health Care Chaplaincy." Christian Bioethics 19, no. 3 (December 1, 2013): 251–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cb/cbt027.

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Scales, Damon C., and Andreas Laupacis. "Health technology assessment in critical care." Intensive Care Medicine 33, no. 12 (October 20, 2007): 2183–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00134-007-0909-3.

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Romero, Isabel, and María Carmen Carnero. "Environmental assessment in health care organizations." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 26, no. 4 (December 22, 2017): 3196–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-1016-9.

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Schumacher, Connie, Margaret Saari, Fabrice Mowbray, Melissa Northwood, Michelle Heyer, Chantelle Mensink, and Kasia Bail. "Comprehensive Standardized Assessment for Information Continuity: What Does the Workforce Need." International Journal of Integrated Care 23, S1 (December 28, 2023): 771. http://dx.doi.org/10.5334/ijic.icic23634.

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Introduction: Older adults living with frailty and multimorbidity interact with multiple care providers across different health settings increasing the risk for fragmented care and information discontinuity. Information discontinuity results in workforce inefficiencies and adverse health events, including duplication of assessment and diagnostics, medication errors and increased health service use. Standardized assessments potentiate integrated care by communicating consistent measures of health information between health care sectors and providers. InterRAI assessments facilitate integration through promoting a common language and aligning successive assessments across the care continuum. Description: We used a pragmatic case example of a theoretical medically-complex older adult to illustrate effective use of interRAI standardized assessments throughout the health care journey. The interRAI suite of instruments spans across the age continuum, from pediatrics to geriatrics, and is designed to be used across diverse care settings, including community services, primary care, home care, long-term care, acute care, inpatient and community mental health, and palliative services. The case example represents one patient’s assessment findings, derived from standardized assessment instruments, such as the contact assessment, home care assessment and long-term care facility assessment. Automated and embedded risk algorithms are generated as outputs from the assessment, acting as decision support tools to inform care planning for clinical, functional, and social support needs. Process schematics depict potential workflows, where instruments can guide care strategies and facilitate the flow of information between the care team members. Discussion: Integrating elements such as using a common language, standardized assessment items, and embedded decision support algorithms, can support effective communication and collaboration in the care of older adults between clinical settings. Risk algorithms and scales support real-time identification of care issues, with standardized assessment items allowing for changes in health status to be easily recognized. Operationalizing a suite of standardized assessment instruments across the health system offers advantages for the individual including improved continuity of care, as well as for organizations and the system through use of a consistent measurement of health metrics between health providers and sectors, and evaluating health system performance. Successful adoption of comprehensive assessment tools to support integration requires training, stakeholder engagement and time to embed work and care processes into practice. Conclusion: Standardized language and algorithms used in interRAI comprehensive assessments can increase capacity for integration and continuity of care across the full spectrum of health sectors and settings. Findings from this pragmatic case example demonstrate real-world application and utility of standardized assessments to support an integrated workforce.

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Linekin, P. L. "Home Health Care and Diabetes Assessment, Care, and Education." Diabetes Spectrum 16, no. 4 (October 1, 2003): 217–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/diaspect.16.4.217.

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Akao, Sakumi, Keiko Tanabe, Bayarkhuu Dorjsuren, and Michiyo Higuchi. "Physical assessment ability of nurses and midwives on maternal care in Mongolia." Health 05, no. 03 (2013): 475–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/health.2013.53065.

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Cleemput, Irina, and Katrien Kesteloot. "HEALTH TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT IN BELGIUM." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 16, no. 2 (April 2000): 325–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462300101035.

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The Belgian healthcare system has a Bismarck-type compulsory health insurance, covering almost the entire population, combined with private provision of care. Providers are public health services, independent pharmacists, independent ambulatory care professionals, and hospitals and geriatric care facilities. Healthcare responsibilities are shared between the national Ministries of Public Health and Social Affairs, and the Dutch-, French-, and German-speaking Community Ministries of Health. The national ministries are responsible for sickness and disability insurance, financing, determination of accreditation criteria for hospitals and heavy medical care units, and construction of new hospitals. The six sickness and disability insurance funds are responsible for reimbursing health service benefits and paying disability benefits. The system's strength is that care is highly accessible and responsive to patients. However, the healthcare system's size remained relatively uncontrolled until recently, there is an excess supply of certain types of care, and there is a large number of small hospitals. The national government created a legal framework to modernize the insurance system to control budgetary deficits. Measures for reducing healthcare expenditures include regulating healthcare supply, healthcare evaluation, medical practice organization, and hospital budgets. The need to control healthcare facilities and quality of care in hospitals led to formal procedures for opening hospitals, acquiring expensive medical equipment, and developing highly specialized services. Reforms in payment and regulation are being considered. Health technology assessment (HTA) has played little part in the reforms so far. Belgium has no formal national program for HTA. The future of HTA in Belgium depends on a changing perception by providers and policy makers that health care needs a stronger scientific base.

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Anđelski-Radičević, Biljana, Marijola Obradović, and Katrina Vasiljević-Pantelić. "Self-assessment of health and pleasure health and health care." Zdravstvena zastita 41, no. 6 (2012): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/zz1202001a.

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Chantler, Cyril. "Health-care technology assessment: a clinical perspective." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 20, no. 1 (January 2004): 87–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462304000844.

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Health technology assessment needs to relate to contemporary questions which concern public health-care systems: how to keep people healthy, how to focus on the needs of those with chronic disabilities and integrate care between the hospital and the community, how to encourage and audit effective teamwork, and how to establish a consensus about what is effective and affordable. Clinicians have an ethical responsibility to practice efficiently and economically, for profligacy in the care of one patient may mean that another is treated inadequately. For similar reasons, clinicians need to play a full role in the management of services. Advice from health technology assessment is vital and needs to be accurate, relevant, timely, clear, and accessible. As well as being concerned about what works, we need also to eliminate from practice what does not. Regular audit and appraisal of practice against the evidence base should be useful in this respect. Alternative approaches to management, such as the provision of care as opposed to aggressive treatments, need to be evaluated, and health technology assessment needs to consider how services are delivered, not just specific treatments.

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Moura, Ravena Rieelly Araújo, Juliano Teixeira Moraes, and Eliete Albano de Azevedo Guimarães. "Assessment of health care services for people with stoma: a multicase study." Revista da Rede de Enfermagem do Nordeste 19 (November 6, 2018): e32961. http://dx.doi.org/10.15253/2175-6783.20181932961.

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Owusu, Phebe Asantewaa, Samuel Asumadu Sarkodie, and Pål Andreas Pedersen. "Relationship between mortality and health care expenditure: Sustainable assessment of health care system." PLOS ONE 16, no. 2 (February 24, 2021): e0247413. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0247413.

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Infant and maternal mortality are important indicators for assessing the quality of healthcare systems. The World Health Organization underscores the importance of proper health care system in reducing preventable mortality through early intervention. Early intervention includes availability, accessibility and affordability of health care systems for children and mothers. While there are several studies that assess the immediate and underlying drivers of child mortality, literature on the role of policy measures are limited and inconsistent. Thus, robust empirical analysis of the determinants of maternal and infant mortality remains inconclusive in the era of achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG). Here, we examined the influence of health expenditure on infant and maternal deaths for the period 2000–2015 across 177 countries. Using panel Quantile Regression with bootstrapping, this study accounted for the 2007–2008 financial crisis in an empirical relationship between health outcome and health expenditure. We found a negative effect of health expenditure on mortality across all percentiles. Infant mortality rate declines between 0.19% - 1.45% while maternal mortality rate declines ranging from 0.09% - 1.91%. To attain the goal of ensuring healthy lives and wellbeing of all people (SDG 3), this study infers that health expenditure potentially reduces maternal and infant mortality across lower and middle income countries. We highlight the need for an enhanced health care expenditure, especially in developing countries to curb the levels of infant and maternal deaths.

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Goodyear, Lorelei, and Michelle Hynes. "Integrating Reproductive Health into Emergency Response Assessments and Primary Health Care." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 16, no. 4 (December 2001): 223–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x0004334x.

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AbstractWar-affected populations often are displaced for years. When primary health care is focused on the acute conditions that often present in the emergency phase of a complex emergency, insufficient attention often is directed towards other evolving needs of the population. Their reproductive health, psychosocial health, and problems with chronic diseases may be overlooked even after the situation stabilizes.This article examines currently available resources for conducting rapid assessments of health needs and services during complex emergencies. Their respective strengths and weaknesses are discussed, particularly for assessing a population's reproductive health needs, and for fostering the integration of reproductive health and primary health-care services, and for designing health services delivery.When more specific indicators are included in a needs assessment tool, the likelihood that the assessment results will influence the design and scope of the health program is increased. Needs assessments for primary health care that incorporate reproductive health indicators will assist health officials to integrate these services, and thus, use staff and facilities more efficiently, and will highlight areas of opportunity for providing services.

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Gelijns, Annetine C., and Henk Rigter. "Health Care Technology Assessment in the Netherlands." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 6, no. 1 (January 1990): 157–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462300009016.

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Our present-day health sectors are increasingly characterized by both rapid technological change and growing visibility of its considerable consequences in terms of the quality and costs of health care. Improved health care decision-making in such an environment requires adequate and timely information on the benefits, risks, and costs of health care technology. Whereas traditionally, technology assessment focused predominantly on evaluating efficacy and (short-term) safety in a more or less “controlled” environment, an interesting shift in emphasis is now occurring. There is a growing recognition that improved information is also needed on the health and economic outcomes of technology as used in everyday clinical practice, i.e., on its effectiveness, cost-effectiveness, and long-term safety in normal “uncontrolled” daily medical life. Moreover, because the treatment of particular clinical conditions (such as stable angina, gallstones, or prostatism) increasingly involves choices among alternative diagnostic and therapeutic options, these assessments should ideally provide effectiveness and cost-effectiveness information for all the various technological alternatives involved.

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Hussain, A. H. M. Enayet, Lutful Husain, Abhijeet Roy, Tapash Roy, Rafiqul Islam, Mohammad Awlad Hossain, and Munir Ahmed. "Assessment of eye health care services of Bangladesh using eye care service assessment tools." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 10, no. 2 (January 29, 2022): 322. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20220275.

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Background: Bangladesh is being the commissioner for oaths to vision 2020, a global campaign for elimination of avoidable blindness by 2020, formulated a national eye care plan. This report illustrates the present status of Bangladesh eye health care service using eye care service assessment tool (ECSAT) that assesses an eye health system across six ‘building blocks’ of a health system.Methods: The study followed a mixed method to collect data. World health organization (WHO) standard ECSAT was used to gather information on eye care service. A purposive sampling method was used. Data from the assessment were extracted and all the information was cross-checked with leading stakeholders of ministry of health.Results: Eye care planning is led by the national eye care. There is a national eye health action plan and a national eye health coordination office under the ministry of health. The health delivery system includes primarily government and non-profit facilities with eight hospitals delivering specialist eye care services across the country. A significant proportion of eye care is provided through community outreach camps and a network of primary and community health workers. The national cataract surgical rate (CSR) is estimated at 2600 per million populations per year.Conclusions: This assessment suggests that although Bangladesh has made some progress towards elimination of avoidable blindness, it would be difficult to retain without further significant investment with a transparent accountability framework in eye health considering all limitation and contemporary challenges.

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Leys, M. "Health care policy: qualitative evidence and health technology assessment." Health Policy 65, no. 3 (September 2003): 217–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-8510(02)00209-9.

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Carlsson, Per, Egon Jonsson, Lars Werkö, and David Banta. "HEALTH TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT IN SWEDEN." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 16, no. 2 (April 2000): 560–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462300101151.

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Sweden has a welfare system that is based on the fundamental principle that all citizens are entitled to good health and medical care, regardless of where they live or what their economic circumstances are. Health and medical care are considered to be public sector responsibilities. However, there is growing interest in establishing more private alternatives to public care. An important characteristic of the Swedish healthcare system is its decentralization, with a major role for county councils. County councils are now merging into larger administrative units (region). The whole Swedish system is in the process of reform, mainly because of perceptions that it was too rigid and had insufficient patient orientation. An important factor in the reforms is that power in the system will be even more decentralized and will have greater public input. This change is seen as calling for increased central follow-up and evaluation of matters such as social, ethical, and economic aspects. Although the state has decentralized control, it still attempts to control the general direction of the system through regulation, subsidy, recommendations, and guidelines. An important actor in the system is the Swedish Council on Technology Assessment in Health Care (SBU). SBU began in 1987 with assessments of health technologies, but its success has recently led policy makers to extend its coverage to dental care. Health technology assessment is increasingly visible to policy makers, who find it useful in decision making.

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Sisk, Jane E. "Introduction to Measuring Health Care Effectiveness." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 6, no. 2 (January 1990): 181–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462300000696.

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Policy makers in the United States have increasingly recognized the deficiencies in information related to technology assessment and quality assessment. This growing consensus resulted in the passage of legislation in 1989 to create a new Agency for Health Care Policy and Research and to expand substantially funding for assessment activities.

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Elzubier, AhmedG, Hassan Bella, and ZohairA Sebai. "Assessment of the knowledge of primary health care staff about primary health care." Journal of Family and Community Medicine 2, no. 1 (1995): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2230-8229.98646.

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Cassell, Lydia T., and Ayun K. Cassell. "Health Care Assessment of Health Care Delivery and Outcome- A West African Review." Saudi Journal of Medicine 04, no. 11 (November 30, 2019): 710–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.36348/sjm.2019.v04i11.001.

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Akanov, A., A. Akanov, A. Kostuk, A. Abduazhitova, D. Otargalieva, M. Sholanova, and G. Zhusupova. "EPH158 Assessment of the Effectiveness of Primary Health Care By Health Care Managers." Value in Health 26, no. 6 (June 2023): S193. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jval.2023.03.1040.

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Cranovsky, Richard, Julian Schilling, Karin Faisst, Pedro Koch, Felix Gutzwiller, and Hans Heinrich Brunner. "HEALTH TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT IN SWITZERLAND." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 16, no. 2 (April 2000): 576–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462300101163.

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Switzerland has a mixed public and private healthcare system. All citizens are enrolled in compulsory basic health insurance. A 1996 law allows people to choose among different sickness funds and managed care plans. The federal government is empowered to act on important health issues, but the 26 cantons have prime responsibility in health care and social welfare. They have their own laws on health care, hygiene, hospitals, and social welfare. These laws are not harmonized. The system is complex, with a mix of public (mainly hospitals) and private (mainly doctors' offices) providers. The health services are decentralized. Ambulatory care was traditionally provided in doctors' offices, but the last decade has seen the development of centers for day surgery, group practices, and managed care plans. Decisions on placement, location, and extension of services are decentralized. The payment system is very complex. Current trends include global budgets, cost analyses, and prices related to patient categories. However, coverage policy is developed centrally and includes both traditionally established services and new technologies. New technologies are added to the list only after evaluation by the Federal Coverage Committee. The coverage process integrates health technology assessment (HTA). Coverage can be granted in stages, including limited coverage and temporary coverage. Technologies and coverage can be reevaluated on the basis of registries or assessment information. The structure of the Swiss healthcare system does not lend itself to the establishment of a national HTA program. However, recent moves include the development of a coordinating mechanism for HTA in Switzerland.

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van den Berg, Bellis, Linda Grievink, Kersten Gutschmidt, Thierry Lang, Stephen Palmer, Marc Ruijten, Rene Stumpel, and Joris Yzermans. "The Public Health Dimension of Disasters—Health Outcome Assessment of Disasters." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 23, S2 (August 2008): s55—s59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00021257.

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AbstractA broad range of health problems are related to disasters. Insight into these health problems is needed for targeted disaster management. Disaster health outcome assessment can provide insight into the health effects of disasters.During the 15th World Congress on Disaster and Emergency Medicine in Amsterdam (2007), experts in the field of disaster epidemiology discussed important aspects of disaster health outcome assessment, such as: (1) what is meant by disaster health outcome assessment?; (2) why should one conduct a disaster health outcome assessment, and what are the objectives?, and (3) who benefits from the information obtained by a disaster health outcome assessment?A disaster health outcome assessment can be defined as a systematic assessment of the current and potential health problems in a population affected by a disaster. Different methods can be used to examine these health problems such as: (1) rapid assessment of health needs; (2) (longitudinal) epidemiological studies using questionnaires; (3) continuous surveillance of health problems using existing registration systems; (4) assessment of the use and distribution of health services; and (5) research into the etiology of the health effects of disasters.The public health impact of a disaster may not be immediately evident. Disaster health outcome assessment provides insight into the health related consequences of disasters. The information that is obtained by performing a disaster health outcome assessment can be used to initiate and adapt the provision of health care. Besides information for policy-makers, disaster health outcome assessments can contribute to the knowledge and evidence base of disaster health outcomes (scientific objective). Finally, disaster health outcome assessment might serve as a signal of recognition of the problems of the survivors.Several stakeholders may benefit from the information obtained from a disaster health outcome assessment. Disaster decision-makers and the public health community benefit from performing a disaster health outcome assessment, since it provides information that is useful for the different aspects of disaster management. Also, by providing information about the nature, prevalence, and course of health problems, (mental) health care workers can anticipate the health needs and requirements in the affected population.It is important to realize that the disaster is not over when the acute care has been provided. Instead, disasters will cause many other health problems and concerns such as infectious diseases and mental health problems. Disaster health outcome assessments provide insight into the public health impact of disasters.

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Shnaider, G. V., I. A. Deev, O. S. Kobyakova, V. A. Boykov, S. V. Baranovskaya, L. M. Protasova, and I. P. Shibalkov. "ASSESSMENT OF PUBLIC SATISFACTION WITH HEALTH CARE." Social Aspects of Population Health 66, no. 4 (2020): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.21045/2071-5021-2020-66-4-4.

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GAMBONE, JOSEPH C., and ROBERT C. REITER. "QUALITY ASSESSMENT IN WOMEN??S HEALTH CARE." Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology 37, no. 1 (March 1994): 113–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00003081-199403000-00015.

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MUNRO, MALCOLM G., ROBERT C. REITER, and JOSEPH C. GAMBONE. "Technology Assessment in Women??s Health Care." Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology 37, no. 1 (March 1994): 180–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00003081-199403000-00021.

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&NA;. "Quality Assessment in Women??s Health Care." Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology 37, no. 1 (March 1994): 235–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00003081-199403000-00025.

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Duffell, E., and J. Horne. "Health care needs assessment in prisons - reply." Journal of Public Health 24, no. 2 (June 1, 2002): 146. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/24.2.146.

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McGUIRE, ALISTAIR, PAUL FENN, and KEN MAYHEW. "THE ASSESSMENT: THE ECONOMICS OF HEALTH CARE." Oxford Review of Economic Policy 5, no. 1 (1989): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxrep/5.1.1.

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Boer, Albert. "ASSESSMENT AND REGULATION OF HEALTH CARE TECHNOLOGY." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 15, no. 4 (October 1999): 638–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462399015433.

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Objectives: To evaluate the characteristics, methods, and results of the Dutch Investigative Medicine Program (“ontwikkelingsgeneeskunde”) in policy and health care.Methods: Project database analyses of the initial 9 years of the program; description of characteristics, methods, and effects of the program.Results: By the end of 1997, 53 projects had been completed, including implementation in health care policy. In 20 of 53 cases the program worked as an instrument to prevent the introduction of ineffective, inefficient, or even harmful medical interventions. In most other cases the program assisted with proper placement or appropriate application of new technologies. Apart from new or emerging technologies, already existing technologies are evaluated.Conclusion: The Dutch Investigative Medicine Program (“ontwikkelingsgeneeskunde”) of the Sickness Funds Council is an effective collaboration of health care providers, medical science, health economics, and a regulatory body in empirical technology assessment. It is also an example not only of a substantial contribution of technology assessment to decision making in practice and policy but also of a means of regulation of health care by the very activity of technology assessment itself. It appears that the program has evolved into an instrument to rationalize health care and health care policy, although some further possible improvements are identified.

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