Academic literature on the topic 'Assessment and management of pelagic marine ecosystems'
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Journal articles on the topic "Assessment and management of pelagic marine ecosystems"
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Mardhatillah, Inda, Am Azbas Taurusman, Muhammad Fedi Alfiadi Sondita, Ilham Fajri, and Muhammad Aris. "An ecosystem approach to manage pelagic thresher shark (Alopias pelagicus) based in Kutaraja Ocean Fishing Port, Aceh." Depik 11, no. 2 (June 12, 2022): 192–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.13170/depik.11.2.25479.
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Sharks is the dominant bycatch of purse seine and bottom longline vessels that landed in Kutaraja ocean fishing port, particularly pelagic thresher shark species (Alopias pelagicus). The management of shark fisheries in Aceh water is not well implemented. According to the IUCN red list, the pelagic thresher shark has been classified as an endangered species. The capture and trade of pelagic thresher sharks are regulated by CITES (Appendix II). So that Indonesia has to comply with the procedures of CITES due to it has been adopted through the Decree of Minister of Marine Affairs and Fisheries of the Republic of Indonesia Number 61/PERMEN-KP/2018. However, the exploitation and trading of the A. pelagicus continues and is not properly managed. It will threaten the extinction of the pelagic thresher shark population and in terms of a negative image of fisheries management in Indonesia, in particular. Thus, integrated management such as the ecosystem approach to fisheries management (EAFM) is needed to solve this problem. This study aims to evaluate the fisheries management status of the pelagic thresher shark based on EAFM indicator of fish resources domain, focusing in the Kutaraja ocean fishing port. This research was conducted by field measurement and interviews with key stakeholders. Data were analyzed using a multi-criteria analysis (MCA) approach through development of a composite index. The results showed that the trend of CPUE tends to fluctuate in the last 5 years. The total length of the sharks was relatively constant. The proportion of juvenile pelagic thresher sharks was 16% male, and 28% (female), and the shark was bycatch (1%) of the purse seine fishery, the fishing ground was getting further away and seemed to go close to the shark habitat. Based on this assessment, one could conclude that shark's fishery resources were in 'good' category, however, some indicators need to improve through better fisheries management actions. Keywords: EAFM; Alopias pelagicus; pelagic thresher shark; Kutaraja ocean fishing port
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Certain, Grégoire, and Benjamin Planque. "Biodiversity baseline for large marine ecosystems: an example from the Barents Sea." ICES Journal of Marine Science 72, no. 6 (March 19, 2015): 1756–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsv040.
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Abstract Biodiversity is an increasingly important issue for the management of marine ecosystems. However, the proliferation of biodiversity indices and difficulties associated with their interpretation have resulted in a lack of clearly defined framework for quantifying biodiversity and biodiversity changes in marine ecosystems for assessment purpose. Recent theoretical and numerical developments in biodiversity statistics have established clear algebraic relationships between most of the diversity measures commonly used, and have highlighted those that most directly relates to the concept of biological diversity, terming them “true” diversity measures. In this study, we implement the calculation of these “true” diversity measures at the scale of a large-marine ecosystem, the Barents Sea. We applied hierarchical partitioning of biodiversity to an extensive dataset encompassing 10 years of trawl-surveys for both pelagic and demersal fish community. We quantify biodiversity and biodiversity changes for these two communities across the whole continental shelf of the Barents Sea at various spatial and temporal scales, explicitly identifying areas where fish communities are stable and variable. The method is used to disentangle areas where community composition is subject to random fluctuations from areas where the fish community is drifting over time. We discuss how our results can serve as a spatio-temporal biodiversity baseline against which new biodiversity estimates, derived from sea surveys, can be evaluated.
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Conversi, Alessandra, Vasilis Dakos, Anna Gårdmark, Scott Ling, Carl Folke, Peter J. Mumby, Charles Greene, et al. "A holistic view of marine regime shifts." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 370, no. 1659 (January 5, 2015): 20130279. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2013.0279.
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Understanding marine regime shifts is important not only for ecology but also for developing marine management that assures the provision of ecosystem services to humanity. While regime shift theory is well developed, there is still no common understanding on drivers, mechanisms and characteristic of abrupt changes in real marine ecosystems. Based on contributions to the present theme issue, we highlight some general issues that need to be overcome for developing a more comprehensive understanding of marine ecosystem regime shifts. We find a great divide between benthic reef and pelagic ocean systems in how regime shift theory is linked to observed abrupt changes. Furthermore, we suggest that the long-lasting discussion on the prevalence of top-down trophic or bottom-up physical drivers in inducing regime shifts may be overcome by taking into consideration the synergistic interactions of multiple stressors, and the special characteristics of different ecosystem types. We present a framework for the holistic investigation of marine regime shifts that considers multiple exogenous drivers that interact with endogenous mechanisms to cause abrupt, catastrophic change. This framework takes into account the time-delayed synergies of these stressors, which erode the resilience of the ecosystem and eventually enable the crossing of ecological thresholds. Finally, considering that increased pressures in the marine environment are predicted by the current climate change assessments, in order to avoid major losses of ecosystem services, we suggest that marine management approaches should incorporate knowledge on environmental thresholds and develop tools that consider regime shift dynamics and characteristics. This grand challenge can only be achieved through a holistic view of marine ecosystem dynamics as evidenced by this theme issue.
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Pauli, Nora-Charlotte, Jana S. Petermann, Christian Lott, and Miriam Weber. "Macrofouling communities and the degradation of plastic bags in the sea: an in situ experiment." Royal Society Open Science 4, no. 10 (October 2017): 170549. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.170549.
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The increasing amount of plastic littered into the sea may provide a new substratum for benthic organisms. These marine fouling communities on plastic have not received much scientific attention. We present, to our knowledge, the first comprehensive analysis of their macroscopic community composition, their primary production and the polymer degradation comparing conventional polyethylene (PE) and a biodegradable starch-based plastic blend in coastal benthic and pelagic habitats in the Mediterranean Sea. The biomass of the fouling layer increased significantly over time and all samples became heavy enough to sink to the seafloor. The fouling communities, consisting of 21 families, were distinct between habitats, but not between polymer types. Positive primary production was measured in the pelagic, but not in the benthic habitat, suggesting that large accumulations of floating plastic could pose a source of oxygen for local ecosystems, as well as a carbon sink. Contrary to PE, the biodegradable plastic showed a significant loss of tensile strength and disintegrated over time in both habitats. These results indicate that in the marine environment, biodegradable polymers may disintegrate at higher rates than conventional polymers. This should be considered for the development of new materials, environmental risk assessment and waste management strategies.
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Gaichas, S. K., J. S. Link, and J. A. Hare. "A risk-based approach to evaluating northeast US fish community vulnerability to climate change." ICES Journal of Marine Science 71, no. 8 (April 8, 2014): 2323–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsu048.
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Abstract Risk assessment methods are used worldwide to evaluate threats posed by fisheries and other impacts on living marine resources, and to prioritize management of these threats. We derive a simplified risk analysis for aggregate fish communities as a preliminary tool to identify priorities for further detailed assessment. Because some of the largest observed rates of sea surface temperature increase are on the northeast US continental shelf, we focused on climate change-driven risks to marine communities in this region. We evaluated climate vulnerability for six communities across two ecosystems: both commercial and non-commercial demersal fish, pelagic fish, and benthic invertebrates in the Gulf of Maine (GOM) and Mid-Atlantic bight (MAB). We first evaluated the probability that anticipated climate changes (e.g. warming water, decreased salinity, increased acidity, altered boundary currents) would occur in these regions, and rated the potential severity of change over the next 10 years. Then, we evaluated the sensitivity of each biological community in each region using 12 attributes (e.g. habitat and prey specificity, temperature and acidity sensitivity, larval dispersal, adult mobility, population productivity, etc.). Exposure to the key climate risks was related to community sensitivity in each region for an overall assessment of climate vulnerability. Climate risks from increased surface water temperature, sea level rise, and earlier spring were rated moderate to high in both regions, with additional moderate to high risks in the GOM from increased bottom temperature, stratification, and river inputs. Benthic invertebrates were rated most sensitive, with demersals intermediate and pelagics lowest. Two MAB communities were rated more sensitive than corresponding GOM communities, but greater short-term climate risks in the GOM indicated increased exposure for GOM communities. Overall, this simple analysis may help prioritize short-term regional climate risk management action, thus addressing key conditions related to fishery fluctuations beyond fishing itself.
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Eddy, Tyler D., Marta Coll, Elizabeth A. Fulton, and Heike K. Lotze. "Trade-offs between invertebrate fisheries catches and ecosystem impacts in coastal New Zealand." ICES Journal of Marine Science 72, no. 5 (February 10, 2015): 1380–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsv009.
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Abstract Invertebrate catches are increasing globally following the depletion of many finfish stocks, yet stock assessments and management plans for invertebrates are limited, as is an understanding of the ecosystem effects of these fisheries. Using an ecosystem modelling approach, we explored the trade-offs between invertebrate catches and their impacts on the associated ecosystem on the south coast of Wellington, New Zealand. We simulated exploitation of lobster (Jasus edwardsii), abalone (Haliotis australis, H. iris), and sea urchin (Evechinus chloroticus) over a range of depletion levels—from no depletion to local extinction—to estimate changes in target catches and associated effects on other species groups, trophic levels, and benthic and pelagic components. Exploitation of lobster showed the strongest ecosystem effects, followed by abalone and urchin. In all three fisheries, the current exploitation rate exceeds that which produces maximum sustainable yield, with considerable ecosystem effects. Interestingly, a reduced exploitation rate is predicted to increase target catches (and catch-per-unit-effort), thereby strongly reducing ecosystem effects, a win–win situation. Our results suggest that invertebrate exploitation clearly influences ecosystem structure and function, yet the direction and magnitude of responses depend on the target group and exploitation rate. An ecosystem-based fisheries management approach that includes the role of invertebrates would improve the conservation and management of invertebrate resources and marine ecosystems on broader scales.
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Stuart, Venetia, Trevor Platt, and Shubha Sathyendranath. "The future of fisheries science in management: a remote-sensing perspective." ICES Journal of Marine Science 68, no. 4 (January 17, 2011): 644–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsq200.
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Abstract Stuart, V., Platt, T., and Sathyendranath, S. 2011. The future of fisheries science in management: a remote-sensing perspective. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 68: 644–650. Earth observation from satellites offers vast potential for fisheries applications, including management of marine resources, stock assessment, marine aquaculture, and fish harvesting. One of the most promising avenues for the use of satellite data for fisheries science in management lies in quantifying objectively the variables that result in large and small year classes of exploited stocks. The influence of fluctuations in the availability of food in the critical period of larval stages can be investigated through the application of ecological indicators describing the variability of the pelagic ecosystem at a given time and place. These indices can increase our understanding of the relationship between ecosystem factors and the recruitment of key species. Despite the many demonstration applications published to date, little use is being made of satellite data to support fisheries science in management. We discuss some of the obstacles that lie in the way of the operational use of satellite data and suggest actions that could facilitate its broader application.
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Plagányi, Éva E., Scarla J. Weeks, Tim D. Skewes, Mark T. Gibbs, Elvira S. Poloczanska, Ana Norman-López, Laura K. Blamey, Muri Soares, and William M. L. Robinson. "Assessing the adequacy of current fisheries management under changing climate: a southern synopsis." ICES Journal of Marine Science 68, no. 6 (May 12, 2011): 1305–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsr049.
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Abstract Plagányi, É. E., Weeks, J. S., Skewes, T. D., Gibbs, M. T., Poloczanska, E. S., Norman-López, A., Blamey, L. K., Soares, M., and Robinson, W. M. L. 2011. Assessing the adequacy of current fisheries management under changing climate: a southern synopsis. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 68: 1305–1317. Climate change is likely to have a significant impact on both target and non-target marine stocks worldwide, with the concomitant need for management strategies capable of sustaining fishing in future. We use several southern hemisphere fisheries to highlight the likely impacts of climate change at a range of levels, from individual to population responses, as well as ecosystem ramifications. Examples span polar (Antarctic krill fishery), temperate (west coast pelagic fishery, abalone and rock lobster), and tropical (Torres Strait rock lobster) commercially important fisheries. Responses of these fisheries to either past observed environmental changes or projected future changes are used to deduce some anticipated implications of climate change for fisheries management, including economic impacts and governance considerations. We evaluate the effectiveness of current single-species assessment models, management strategy evaluation approaches and multispecies assessment models as future management tools to cope with likely climate-related changes. Non-spatial stock assessment models will have limited ability to separate fishery effects from the impacts of climate change. Anthropogenic climate change is occurring at a time-scale relevant to current fisheries management strategic planning and testing. Adaptive management frameworks (with their feedback loops) are ideal for detecting and adapting to changes in target stocks.
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Eero, Margit. "Reconstructing the population dynamics of sprat (Sprattus sprattus balticus) in the Baltic Sea in the 20th century." ICES Journal of Marine Science 69, no. 6 (May 3, 2012): 1010–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fss051.
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Abstract Eero, M. 2012. Reconstructing the population dynamics of sprat (Sprattus sprattus balticus) in the Baltic Sea in the 20th century. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 69: 1010–1018 . Long time-series of population dynamics are increasingly needed in order to understand human impacts on marine ecosystems and support their sustainable management. In this study, the estimates of sprat (Sprattus sprattus balticus) biomass in the Baltic Sea were extended back from the beginning of ICES stock assessments in 1974 to the early 1900s. The analyses identified peaks in sprat spawner biomass in the beginning of the 1930s, 1960s, and 1970s at ∼900 kt. Only a half of that biomass was estimated for the late 1930s, for the period from the late 1940s to the mid-1950s, and for the mid-1960s. For the 1900s, fisheries landings suggest a relatively high biomass, similar to the early 1930s. The exploitation rate of sprat was low until the development of pelagic fisheries in the 1960s. Spatially resolved analyses from the 1960s onwards demonstrate changes in the distribution of sprat biomass over time. The average body weight of sprat by age in the 1950s to 1970s was higher than at present, but lower than during the 1980s to 1990s. The results of this study facilitate new analyses of the effects of climate, predation, and anthropogenic drivers on sprat, and contribute to setting long-term management strategies for the Baltic Sea.
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Glover, Adrian G., and Craig R. Smith. "The deep-sea floor ecosystem: current status and prospects of anthropogenic change by the year 2025." Environmental Conservation 30, no. 3 (September 2003): 219–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892903000225.
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The goal of this paper is to review current impacts of human activities on the deep-sea floor ecosystem, and to predict anthropogenic changes to this ecosystem by the year 2025. The deep-sea floor ecosystem is one of the largest on the planet, covering roughly 60% of the Earth's solid surface. Despite this vast size, our knowledge of the deep sea is poor relative to other marine ecosystems, and future human threats are difficult to predict. Low productivity, low physical energy, low biological rates, and the vastness of the soft-sediment deep sea create an unusual suite of conservation challenges relative to shallow water. The numerous, but widely spaced, island habitats of the deep ocean (for example seamounts, hydrothermal vents and submarine canyons) differ from typical deep-sea soft sediments in substrate type (hard) and levels of productivity (often high); these habitats will respond differently to anthropogenic impacts and climate change. The principal human threats to the deep sea are the disposal of wastes (structures, radioactive wastes, munitions and carbon dioxide), deep-sea fishing, oil and gas extraction, marine mineral extraction, and climate change. Current international regulations prohibit deep-sea dumping of structures, radioactive waste and munitions. Future disposal activities that could be significant by 2025 include deep-sea carbon-dioxide sequestration, sewage-sludge emplacement and dredge-spoil disposal. As fish stocks dwindle in the upper ocean, deep-sea fisheries are increasingly targeted. Most (perhaps all) of these deep-sea fisheries are not sustainable in the long term given current management practices; deep-sea fish are long-lived, slow growing and very slow to recruit in the face of sustained fishing pressure. Oil and gas exploitation has begun, and will continue, in deep water, creating significant localized impacts resulting mainly from accumulation of contaminated drill cuttings. Marine mineral extraction, in particular manganese nodule mining, represents one of the most significant conservation challenges in the deep sea. The vast spatial scales planned for nodule mining dwarf other potential direct human impacts. Nodule-mining disturbance will likely affect tens to hundreds of thousands of square kilometres with ecosystem recovery requiring many decades to millions of years (for nodule regrowth). Limited knowledge of the taxonomy, species structure, biogeography and basic natural history of deep-sea animals prevents accurate assessment of the risk of species extinctions from large-scale mining. While there are close linkages between benthic, pelagic and climatic processes, it is difficult to predict the impact of climate change on deep-sea benthic ecosystems; it is certain, however, that changes in primary production in surface waters will alter the standing stocks in the food-limited, deep-sea benthic. Long time-series studies from the abyssal North Pacific and North Atlantic suggest that even seemingly stable deep-sea ecosystems may exhibit change in key ecological parameters on decadal time scales. The causes of these decadal changes remain enigmatic. Compared to the rest of the planet, the bulk of the deep sea will probably remain relatively unimpacted by human activities and climate change in the year 2025. However, increased pressure on terrestrial resources will certainly lead to an expansion of direct human activities in the deep sea, and to direct and indirect environmental impacts. Because so little is known about this remote environment, the deep-sea ecosystem may well be substantially modified before its natural state is fully understood.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Assessment and management of pelagic marine ecosystems"
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Maufroy, Alexandra. "Drifting Fish Aggregating Devices of the Atlantic and Indian Oceans : modalities of use, fishing efficiency and potential management." Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT150/document.
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Depuis le milieu des années 1990, l’utilisation de Dispositifs de Concentration de Poissons (DCP), des objets artificiels spécifiquement mis à l’eau pour agréger des bancs de poissons, est devenue de plus en plus importante pour la pêche au thon tropical à la senne. Cette utilisation massive des DCP, qui s’accompagne d’une utilisation massive de dispositifs de suivi comme les balises GPS et les balises échosondeurs, est aujourd’hui source d’inquiétude pour les stocks de thons, les prises accessoires mais aussi pour le fonctionnement des écosystèmes pélagiques. Cependant, les modalités d’utilisation des DCP et des balises GPS qui servent à les suivre restent mal connues, ce qui complique considérablement l’évaluation et la gestion des impacts de ces pratiques de pêche. Afin d’améliorer les connaissances actuelles de la pêcherie, les positions des balises GPS utilisées par les 3 armements français dans les océans Atlantique et Indien, constituant une part significative des DCP utilisés dans ces deux océans, ont été analysées. Ces données ont été combinées avec des multiples sources d’information : les livres de bord, les trajectoires VMS des senneurs français ainsi que des entretiens avec les patrons français. Elles nous permettent de mieux comprendre les stratégies de mise à l’eau des DCP et des balises, d’estimer le nombre d’objets flottants utilisés par les flottes de senneurs dans les océans Atlantique et Indien, de mesurer la contribution des DCP et des navires auxiliaires à l’efficacité de pêche des senneurs, d’identifier des destructions potentielles d’habitats par les DCP échoués and pour finir de proposer des solutions de gestion pour la pêcherie. Les résultats montrent une grande saisonnalité dans les mises à l’eau des deux océans, une croissance rapide du nombre de balises GPS au cours des 7 dernières années puisqu’elle est multipliée par 4.2 dans l’Océan Indien et 7 dans l’Océan Atlantique, des dommages possibles causés à des écosystèmes côtiers fragiles avec une probabilité d’échouage de l’ordre de 10% et finalement une augmentation de l’efficacité de pêche entre 2003 et 2014 de l’ordre de 3.8-18.8% dans l’Océan Atlantique et 10.7%-26.3% dans l’Océan Indien. Les entretiens avec les capitaines des senneurs soulignent la nécessité d’une gestion plus efficace de la pêcherie, avec entre autres l’instauration de quotas, une régulation de la capacité de la flotte de senneurs et un meilleur suivi des navires auxiliaires. Les résultats obtenus constituent les premières étapes nécessaires à une meilleure gestion de la pêche sous objet flottantSince the mid 1990s, the use of drifting Fish Aggregating Devices (dFADs) by purse seiners, artificial objects specifically designed to aggregate fish, has become an important mean of catching tropical tunas. In recent years, the massive deployments of dFADs, as well as the massive use of tracking devices on dFADs and natural floating objects, such as GPS buoys, have raised serious concerns for tropical tuna stocks, bycatch species and pelagic ecosystem functioning. Despite these concerns, relatively little is known about the modalities of GPS buoy tracked objects use, making it difficult to assess and manage of the impacts of this fishing practice. To fill these knowledge gaps, we have analyzed GPS buoy tracks provided by the three French fishing companies operating in the Atlantic and the Indian Oceans, representing a large proportion of the floating objects monitored by the French fleet. These data were combined with multiple sources of information: logbook data, Vessel Monitoring System (VMS) tracks of French purse seiners, information on support vessels and Local Ecological Knowledge (LEK) of purse seine skippers to describe GPS buoy deployment strategies, estimate the total number of GPS buoy equipped dFADs used in the Atlantic and Indian Oceans, measure the contribution of strategies with FOBs and support vessels to the fishing efficiency of tropical tuna purse seiners, identify potential damages caused by lost dFADs and finally to propose management options for tropical tuna purse seine FOB fisheries. Results indicate clear seasonal patterns of GPS buoy deployment in the two oceans, a rapid expansion in the use of dFADs over the last 7 years with an increase of 4.2 times in the Indian Ocean and 7.0 times in the Atlantic Ocean, possible damages to fragile coastal ecosystems with 10% of GPS buoy tracks ending with a beaching event and an increased efficiency of tropical tuna purse seine fleets from 3.9% to 18.8% in the Atlantic Ocean over 2003-2014 and from 10.7% to 26.3% in the Indian Ocean. Interviews with purse seine skippers underlined the need for a more efficient management of the fishery, including the implementation of catch quotas, a limitation of the capacity of purse seine fleets and a regulation of the use of support vessels. These results represent a first step towards better assessment and management of purse seine FOB fisheries
Books on the topic "Assessment and management of pelagic marine ecosystems"
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1932-, Sherman Kenneth, Okemwa E, Ntiba M. J, and Symposium on the Status and Future of Large Marine Ecosystems of the Indian Ocean (1993 : Mombasa, Kenya), eds. Large marine ecosystems of the Indian Ocean: Assessment, sustainability, and management. Malden, MA: Blackwell Science, 1998.
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1932-, Sherman Kenneth, and Tang Qisheng, eds. Large marine ecosystems of the Pacific Rim: Assessment, sustainability, and management. Malden, Mass: Blackwell Science, 1999.
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Herb, Kumpf, Steidinger Karen A, and Sherman Kenneth 1932-, eds. The Gulf of Mexico large marine ecosystem: Assessment, sustainability, and management. Malden, Mass., USA: Blackwell Science, 1999.
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Large Marine Ecosystems of the Indian Ocean: Assessment, Sustainability and Management. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2009.
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(Editor), Herb Kumpf, Karen A. Steidinger (Editor), and Kenneth Sherman (Editor), eds. The Gulf of Mexico Large Marine Ecosystem: Assessment, Sustainability, and Management (Large Marine Ecosystems). Blackwell Science, 1999.
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Tang, Qisheng. Large Marine Ecosystems of the Pacific Rim: Assessment, Sustainability and Management. Blackwell Publishing, Incorporated, 1999.
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Ntiba, M. J. Large Marine Ecosystems of the Indian Ocean: Assessment, Sustainability and Management. Blackwell Publishing Limited, 1998.
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1932-, Sherman Kenneth, and Skjoldal Hein Rune, eds. Large marine ecosystems of the North Atlantic: Changing states and sustainability. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2002.
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Elizabeth A, Kirk. Part II Commercial Aspects of the Marine Environment, 4 The UNDP and Ocean Governance. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198823964.003.0004.
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This chapter discusses the role of the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) in ocean governance. It first provides a background on the history of the UNDP and its basic approach to ocean governance, with emphasis on how its history has shaped the UNDP’s relationship with ocean governance. It then considers the UNDP’s current and former activities relating to ocean governance, noting that many of the initiatives it supports appear to focus on the concept of Large Marine Ecosystems (LMEs) or on integrated coastal zone management. It also describes the UNDP’s regime building approach to the development of oceans governance regimes and concludes with an assessment of areas in which UNDP’s activities fit with global ocean governance objectives.
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Agenda 21 Earth Summit: United Nations Program of Action from Rio. United Nations, 1992.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Assessment and management of pelagic marine ecosystems"
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Langlois, Juliette, Arnaud Hélias, Jean-Philippe Delgenès, and Jean-Philippe Steyer. "Review on Land Use Considerations in Life Cycle Assessment: Methodological Perspectives for Marine Ecosystems." In Towards Life Cycle Sustainability Management, 85–96. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1899-9_9.
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Andrulewicz, Eugeniusz. "DEVELOPING THE D–P–S–I–R FRAMEWORK OF INDICATORS FOR MANAGEMENT OF HUMAN IMPACT ON MARINE ECOSYSTEMS: BALTIC SEA EXAMPLE." In Assessment of the Fate and Effects of Toxic Agents on Water Resources, 225–43. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-5528-7_10.
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Piñeiro-Corbeira, Cristina, Sara Barrientos, Rodolfo Barreiro, Shankar Aswani, José J. Pascual-Fernández, and Raquel De la Cruz-Modino. "Can Local Knowledge of Small-Scale Fishers Be Used to Monitor and Assess Changes in Marine Ecosystems in a European Context?" In Human-Nature Interactions, 299–314. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-01980-7_24.
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Significance StatementIn the last decades, many coastal areas have observed dramatic changes in marine ecosystems, due to anthropogenic and environmental alterations. The general absence of long-term data sets in the marine environment and, more specifically, on benthic and demersal communities represents a severe issue for management and conservation. We propose to incorporate the small-scale fishers’ knowledge and science for better policy recommendations, both in terms of fisheries optimization and resource conservation. Based on two different cases of study with diverse ecosystems, we explore the combination of quantitative and qualitative tools, and participative techniques used to incorporate fishers’ local ecological knowledge. The results highlight fishers’ capacity to identify coastal and marine landscapes resources and changes, reinforcing and complementing the scientific assessment.
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Link, Jason S., and Anthony R. Marshak. "The U.S. Pacific Region." In Ecosystem-Based Fisheries Management, 343–414. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192843463.003.0008.
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This chapter describes the Pacific region and the major issues facing this marine fisheries ecosystem, and presents some summary statistics related to the 90 indicators of ecosystem-based fisheries management (EBFM) criteria. The Pacific contains the sixth-highest number of managed taxa in the nation, including commercially and recreationally important salmon, Pacific sardine, and other coastal pelagic species, Pacific groundfish (e.g., rockfishes, flatfishes, halibut, Pacific hake, Pacific cod, sablefish, lingcod), cephalopods, Dungeness crab, and highly migratory fishes. The Pacific ecosystem emerges as an environment with biota and marine communities that are responding to the consequences of historical overexploitation of its fisheries resources, habitat loss, increasing coastal development, nutrient loading, HABs, ocean acidification, climate forcing, marine heatwaves, and other ocean uses. Overall, EBFM progress has been made at the regional level, and to a certain degree within subregions, in terms of implementing ecosystem-level planning, advancing knowledge of ecosystem principles, and in assessing risks and vulnerabilities to ecosystems through ongoing investigations into climate vulnerability and species prioritizations for stock and habitat assessments. While information has been obtained and calculations and models developed, and some progress has been made toward incorporating ecosystem information in LMR management, limited progress has been made on using ecosystem-level emergent properties in management frameworks or exploring system trade-offs.
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Link, Jason S., and Anthony R. Marshak. "The U.S. South Atlantic Region." In Ecosystem-Based Fisheries Management, 175–236. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192843463.003.0005.
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This chapter describes the South Atlantic region and the major issues facing this marine fisheries ecosystem, and presents some summary statistics related to the 90 indicators of ecosystem-based fisheries management (EBFM) criteria. The South Atlantic contains the third-highest number of managed taxa of the eight regional U.S. marine ecosystems, including commercially and recreationally important reef fishes (snappers and groupers), penaeid shrimps, coastal migratory pelagic fishes (cobia, mackerels, dolphin/wahoo), and coral reef resources. The South Atlantic is a species-rich environment subject to several major stressors that include habitat loss, sea-level rise, ocean acidification, and intermittent high category hurricanes with increasing frequency over the past decades, along with the consequences of overfishing that continue to affect LMRs in this region. Overall, EBFM progress has been made in terms of implementing ecosystem-level planning, advancing knowledge of ecosystem principles, and in assessing risks and vulnerabilities to ecosystems through ongoing investigations into climate vulnerability and species prioritizations for stock and habitat assessments. Although the South Atlantic is progressing toward EBFM, little overall progress has been observed toward applying ecosystem-level emergent properties into management frameworks. While the South Atlantic is advancing in terms of its LMR management priorities and ecosystem efforts, some challenges remain to effectively implement formalized EBFM planning. Limited information regarding the status and biomass of fishery stocks and protected species in this region, and data gaps for many environmental factors have constrained EBFM implementation and prevented the application of ecosystem-level properties into management actions.
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"Advancing an Ecosystem Approach in the Gulf of Maine." In Advancing an Ecosystem Approach in the Gulf of Maine, edited by Catherine L. Johnson and Jonathan A. Hare. American Fisheries Society, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781934874301.ch15.
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<i>Abstract</i>.—Zooplankton communities perform a critical role as secondary producers in marine ecosystems. They are vulnerable to climate-induced changes in the marine environment, including temperature, stratification, and circulation, but the effects of these changes are difficult to discern without sustained ocean monitoring. The physical, chemical, and biological environment of the Gulf of Maine, including Georges Bank, is strongly influenced by inflow from the Scotian Shelf and through the Northeast Channel, and thus observations both in the Gulf of Maine and in upstream regions are necessary to understand plankton variability and change in the Gulf of Maine. Large-scale, quasi synoptic plankton surveys have been performed in the Gulf of Maine since Bigelow’s work at the beginning of the 20th century. More recently, ongoing plankton monitoring efforts include Continuous Plankton Recorder sampling in the Gulf of Maine and on the Scotian Shelf, U.S. National Marine Fisheries Service’s MARMAP (Marine Resources Monitoring, Assessment, and Prediction) and EcoMon (Ecosystem Monitoring) programs sampling the northeast U.S. Continental Shelf, including the Gulf of Maine, and Fisheries and Oceans Canada’s Atlantic Zone Monitoring Program on the Scotian Shelf and in the eastern Gulf of Maine. Here, we review and compare past and ongoing zooplankton monitoring programs in the Gulf of Maine region, including Georges Bank and the western Scotian Shelf, to facilitate retrospective analysis and broadscale synthesis of zooplankton dynamics in the Gulf of Maine. Additional sustained sampling at greater-than-monthly frequency at selected sites in the Gulf of Maine would be necessary to detect changes in phenology (i.e. seasonal timing of biological events). Sustained zooplankton sampling in critical nearshore fish habitats and in key feeding areas for upper trophic level organisms, such as marine mammals and seabirds, would yield significant insights into their dynamics. The ecosystem dynamics of the Gulf of Maine are strongly influenced by large-scale forcing and variability in upstream inflow. Improved coordination of sampling and data analysis among monitoring programs, effective data management, and use of multiple modeling approaches will all enhance the mechanistic understanding of the structure and function of the Gulf of Maine pelagic ecosystem.
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"Advancing an Ecosystem Approach in the Gulf of Maine." In Advancing an Ecosystem Approach in the Gulf of Maine, edited by Michael J. Fogarty, Kevin D. Friedland, Laurel Col, Robert Gamble, Jonathan Hare, Kimberly Hyde, Jason S. Link, et al. American Fisheries Society, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781934874301.ch12.
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<i>Abstract</i>.—The northeast U.S. Continental Shelf large marine ecosystem (NES LME) has supported important commercial fisheries for several centuries. The NES LME has experienced structural change due to both intensive exploitation and physical forcing in relation to broader climate impacts in the North Atlantic over the past several decades. Here, we examine the combined effects of anthropogenic and environmental factors on the state of the NES LME using a driverpressure- state-impact-response framework to structure our assessment of patterns of change in this system. We partitioned both drivers and pressures according to natural and anthropogenic sources. Ecological state variables encompassed a broad spectrum of trophic levels. Impact metrics are based on economic trends in the fisheries. To represent regulatory responses, we trace the history of management actions in this region over the past five decades. The critical importance of changes in temperature and water column stratification in ecosystem change, in relation to bottom-up forcing, is identified using canonical proredundancy analysis. Analysis of anthropogenic pressures indicate a clear effect of fishing pressure, and removals due to fishing, in the dynamics of fish communities in the region, highlighting an important top-down control mechanism. Analysis of zooplankton community dynamics confirms previous indications of a regime-like change in species composition during the 1990s. Observed changes in fish community dynamics appears to be most clearly related to large-scale switches from a demersal to a pelagic fish dominated system and to changes within the demersal fish community itself.
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"23. The Vision for EBM of Pelagic Ecosystems in the Wider Caribbean." In Towards Marine Ecosystem-Based Management in the Wider Caribbean, 335–46. Amsterdam University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9789048512805-028.
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Sherman, Kenneth. "The Large Marine Ecosystem Approach for Assessment and Management of Ocean Coastal Waters." In Sustaining Large Marine Ecosystems - The Human Dimension, 3–16. Elsevier, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1570-0461(05)80025-4.
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Ma, Xiaogang, Stace E. Beaulieu, Linyun Fu, Peter Fox, Massimo Di Stefano, and Patrick West. "Documenting Provenance for Reproducible Marine Ecosystem Assessment in Open Science." In Information Retrieval and Management, 1051–77. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-5191-1.ch045.
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Open Science not only means the openness of various resources involved in a scientific study but also the connections among those resources that demonstrate the origin, or provenance, of a scientific finding or derived dataset. In this chapter, the authors used the PROV Ontology, a community standard for representing and exchanging machine-readable provenance information in the Semantic Web, and extended it for capturing provenance in the IPython Notebook, a software platform that enables transparent workflows. The developed work was used in conjunction with scientists' workflows in the Ecosystem Assessment Program of the U.S. NOAA Northeast Fisheries Science Center. This work provides a pathway towards formal, well-annotated provenance in an electronic notebook. Not only will the use of such technologies and standards facilitate the verifiability and reproducibility of ecosystem assessments, their use will also provide solid support for Open Science at the interface of science and ecosystem management for sustainable marine ecosystems.
Conference papers on the topic "Assessment and management of pelagic marine ecosystems"
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Grigorev, Igor. "VALIDATION OF ECOLOGICAL EFFICIENCY ASSESSMENT FOR FOREST MANAGEMENT METHODOLOGY." In 14th SGEM GeoConference on WATER RESOURCES. FOREST, MARINE AND OCEAN ECOSYSTEMS. Stef92 Technology, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2014/b32/s14.069.
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Elobaid, Elnaim, Bruno Welter Giraldes, Hamad Al-Kuwari, Jassim Al-Khayat, Fadhil Sadooni, and Ekhlas Elbary. "Towards Sustainable Management of Coastal and Offshore Islands in Arabian Gulf Typology: Sensitivity Analysis, Ecological Risk Assessment of Halul and Al-Alyia Islands." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2021.0035.
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The great majority of marine ecosystems in Qatar are in fast decline and nearing collapse, where most ecosystem has lost the biological and economic functionality. Aiming to support the decision makers in the management and restoration strategies for recovering the biological and economic functionality of the ecosystems/natural resources of Qatar, we conducted 1) a typology mapping of the main components of the ecosystem of two islands, 2) a sensitivity and vulnerability assessment according to the known guidelines and standards. Highlighting the potential ecological risk and required recommendations for sustainable management plans, within the frame of Qatar National Vision 2030 (QNV 2030). The Islands present different anthropogenic pressure. As expected, Al Alyia the coastal Island is under real risk, with critical areas of sensibility but still presenting a potential for recovering its economy and ecological functionality, highlighting the collapsed stage of the very sensitive coral reefs, the vulnerability of oyster beds and seagrass and the functionality of the mangrove (expanding) and Sabha with massive birds nesting. The offshore Island Halul presented in the typology mapping the coral reefs as the main ecosystem but with the presence of seagrass, algae bed, sandy beach, and Sabha. The coral reef still presents a certain functionality, with corals covering several hard substrates, however with high sensitivity and high vulnerability, especially the coral in the shallow areas with scattered colonies, and the vulnerable nesting of marine turtles on beaches. As the management, we recommend increasing the restoration effort of targeted ecosystems, mainly involving coral reefs for increasing the marine biodiversity in general and restoring the oyster beds for recovering the filtration service. Strategies must be made for recovering the ecosystems’ functionality and restore the productivity of the Qatari fishing stock. We recommend applying this mapping method and sensitivity classification for all marine areas around Qatar for supporting the management plans.
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Vincent, Mahamadaly, Urbina Bareto Isabel, Fréchon Louis, Pinel Romain, Garnier Rémi, and Deslarzes Kenneth. "Underwater Photogrammetry as an Environmental Assessment Tool to Monitor Coral Reefs and Artificial Structures." In Offshore Technology Conference. OTC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/31025-ms.
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Abstract Over the past decade, photogrammetry has grown considerably thanks to technical advances in digital cameras and computing performance. Popular in terrestrial applications with the development of UAV acquisition, photogrammetry provides access to accurate scene reconstruction, high-resolution measurements, and temporal comparisons with a wide range of geolocated and scaled 2D and 3D supports. Nowadays, photogrammetry represents a particular challenge in the underwater field such as environmental monitoring, marine construction, technical inspection, and archaeology. Our study aims to develop underwater acquisition protocols and new tools for marine resources surveys and management to understand the role of 3D characteristics in both coral reefs and artificial structures. Two specific protocols were designed and optimized to reconstruct from coral colonies to coral reefs and artificial structures (up to 500m²) with a mean resolution of 0.05cm/pixel. Here several quantitative descriptors based on 2D and 3D metrics (such as slope, length, surface, volume, rugosity) were calculated for morphological studies and temporal comparisons. The photogrammetric technique now offers higher quality and accuracy tools compared to traditional survey methods. These advantages make possible to access to new scientific surveys of underwater ecosystems and as environmental management tools may prove to be valuable for future.
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Rubtsova, Svetlana, Svetlana Rubtsova, Natalya Lyamina, Natalya Lyamina, Aleksey Lyamin, and Aleksey Lyamin. "ANALYSIS OF THE FUNCTIONING OF MARINE ECOSYSTEMS ON CHANGING THE PARAMETERS OF THE BIOLUMINESCENCE FIELD ON THE CRIMEAN BLACK SEA SHELF." In Managing risks to coastal regions and communities in a changing world. Academus Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31519/conferencearticle_5b1b9387ec5c97.58539127.
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The concept of a new approach to environmental assessment is offered in the system of integrated management of the resource and environmental safety of the coastal area of the Black Sea. The studies of the season and daily changeability in the bioluminescence field in the Sevastopol coastal waters has been conducted. For the first time considerable differences in the bioluminescence field seasonal changes in the surface and deep water layers and the reasons conditioning this phenomenon have been shown, using a method of multidimensional statistical analysis. The bioluminescence field vertical profile change in the Black sea coastal waters in the autumn period at night has been studied. It has been shown that according to the character of bioluminescence parameters dynamics a water column can be divided into layers: upper (0 – 35 m) and deep water (36 – 60 m). It has been revealed that life rhythms of the plankton community are the main reason for the bioluminescence field intensity variability. It has been revealed that 14-hour periodicity of the bioluminescence field is related to the changes in light and its variations with 2,5…4,5 hours are conditioned by planktonts endogenous daily rhythms. And here biotic factors effect mostly periodicity of the bioluminescence field intensity increase and fall down at the dark time of the day. Abiotic factors are of less importance in circadian rhythmic of the bioluminescence field in the neritic zone.
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Rubtsova, Svetlana, Svetlana Rubtsova, Natalya Lyamina, Natalya Lyamina, Aleksey Lyamin, and Aleksey Lyamin. "ANALYSIS OF THE FUNCTIONING OF MARINE ECOSYSTEMS ON CHANGING THE PARAMETERS OF THE BIOLUMINESCENCE FIELD ON THE CRIMEAN BLACK SEA SHELF." In Managing risks to coastal regions and communities in a changing world. Academus Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.21610/conferencearticle_58b43168bfc21.
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The concept of a new approach to environmental assessment is offered in the system of integrated management of the resource and environmental safety of the coastal area of the Black Sea. The studies of the season and daily changeability in the bioluminescence field in the Sevastopol coastal waters has been conducted. For the first time considerable differences in the bioluminescence field seasonal changes in the surface and deep water layers and the reasons conditioning this phenomenon have been shown, using a method of multidimensional statistical analysis. The bioluminescence field vertical profile change in the Black sea coastal waters in the autumn period at night has been studied. It has been shown that according to the character of bioluminescence parameters dynamics a water column can be divided into layers: upper (0 – 35 m) and deep water (36 – 60 m). It has been revealed that life rhythms of the plankton community are the main reason for the bioluminescence field intensity variability. It has been revealed that 14-hour periodicity of the bioluminescence field is related to the changes in light and its variations with 2,5…4,5 hours are conditioned by planktonts endogenous daily rhythms. And here biotic factors effect mostly periodicity of the bioluminescence field intensity increase and fall down at the dark time of the day. Abiotic factors are of less importance in circadian rhythmic of the bioluminescence field in the neritic zone.