Academic literature on the topic 'Assertion qualification'
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Journal articles on the topic "Assertion qualification"
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Riedel, Helmut P. R., Catherine R. Fenwick, and C. R. Jillings. "Efficacy of Booster Sessions after Training in Assertiveness." Perceptual and Motor Skills 62, no. 3 (June 1986): 791–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1986.62.3.791.
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28 subjects participated in a 6-wk. assertion training program. Of these, 22 remained in the study for a 6-mo. follow-up period, during which half received monthly booster sessions and half did not. Assignment to the booster and no-booster groups was random, with the qualification that subjects were equated on trait anxiety before training in assertiveness. Subjects filled out the Gambrill-Richey Assertion Inventory, the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and the Zung Self-rating Depression Scale before the 6-wk. assertion training, after this program, at a 3-mo. follow-up, and at a 6-mo. follow-up. It was hypothesized that the booster group would exhibit significant superiority on these measures at the 3-mo. and 6-mo. follow-ups. On all measures both groups significantly improved from before to after the training program with good maintenance throughout the follow-ups. There were no differences between the booster and no-booster groups on the measures of assertiveness and anxiety. However, there was a significant interaction for the depression scores when the booster and no-booster groups were compared from posttreatment to 6-mo. follow-up. The depression scores of subjects in the booster group were lower than the depression scores of subjects in the no-booster group at the 6-mo. follow-up. These results were discussed with suggestions for further research.
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Mikhel’kevich, V. N., and L. P. Ovchinnikova. "DEVELOPMENT OF TECHNICAL STUDENTS’ MOTIVATION FOR INNOVATIVE PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITY." Izvestiya of the Samara Science Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Social, Humanitarian, Medicobiological Sciences 24, no. 83 (2022): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.37313/2413-9645-2022-24-83-59-66.
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Preparing technical students for innovative professional activity is considered a pressing issue. The community’s burning interest in technical specialists lies in the fact that this activity provides innovative knowledge-intensive, high-tech, and internationally competitive facilities and production technologies recognized as intellectual property. From the ontogenesis standpoint, the motives of technical students’ innovative activity are divided into four groups: material and professional ones, as well as self-assertion, and self-realization. Material motivation has objective nature-aligned pragmatic origins. Launching an ambitious innovative engineering project, many technical specialists wish to benefit from it pragmatically. The source of self-assertion/prestige is the specialist’s nature-aligned desire and willingness to confirm the status of his/her qualification and competence through the results of the innovative engineering activity. Technical specialists’ professional motivation for innovative activity is inseparable from their natural aspiration and desire to use acquired professional knowledge and skills for solving both career and vocational tasks to the best advantage. Self-realization reflects the objective and nature-aligned aspiration of an individual to achieve personal professional self-development.
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Miller, Edward. "Self-Defence, International Law, and the Six Day War." Israel Law Review 20, no. 1 (1985): 49–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021223700008608.
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“As long as war is regarded as wicked,it will always have its fascination.”Oscar WildeAccording to the textbooks, the unfettered right of a state to go to war was, until modern times, regarded as one of the essential trappings of statehood, an indispensable aspect of sovereignty. Such a broad assertion does however require qualification, as ever since the time of Saint Augustine, scholars have attempted to set limits to the extent of the state's discretion to go to war. The task has not been an easy one, and it may indeed aptly be remarked that “Warfare has been as difficult to justify satisfactorily in theory as it has been endemic in practice”.
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Hollander, Samuel. "On the Endogeneity of the Margin and Related Issues in Ricardian Economics." Journal of the History of Economic Thought 13, no. 2 (1991): 159–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1053837200003540.
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As Kenneth Arrow has pointed out in a recent paper, “David Ricardo was a peaceful man” (Arrow 1991, p. 70). Indeed he was—during his lifetime. I am not so sure he is resting peacefully given the further assertion that his system was “a bold attempt to determine values independent of demand considerations” (ibid., p. 75). Arrow adds, byway of qualification, that he does “not think, as some neo-Ricardians seem to, that there was in any sense an intended repudiation of the demand schedule”; rather Ricardo did not conceive of such a schedule even though “some of [his] analysis can only be made sensible on the basis of such a concept.”
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Rynkiewicz, Kazimierz. "Der Glückliche Weg zum Erfolg Eines Tugendhaften." Forum Philosophicum 16, no. 2 (December 5, 2011): 59–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.35765/forphil.2011.1602.14.
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In this paper I seek to analyse the following question: how is it that I am able, today, to succeed in fulfilling my goals? My analysis will, I hope, demonstrate that virtues are important because they facilitate this sort of fulfilment. An examination of the classical notion of virtue is thus called for, and this in turn suggests that, at least in certain cases, virtue is connected with luck—that these two belong together. This points towards a new form of contemporary virtue ethics, whose distinctive character will be reflected in the particular significance it invests in the concepts of “qualification” and “competence.” Finally, we are led to Wittgenstein's assertion that “The world of the happy person is other than the world of the hapless person.”
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Guo, Ruyuan. "Theoretical Research on the Principle of Equality in Civil Law from the Perspective of Civil Society." Asian Social Science 15, no. 10 (September 29, 2019): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ass.v15n10p141.
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The assertion of equality of rights and abilities in the equality principle of civil law is incompatible with social practice. This kind of realistic contradiction forces the study of the essence of the equality principle of civil law to change a new path from “what is the principle of equality of civil law” to “what is not”. Based on this, the “essence” of the equality principle of civil law is to highlight the “principle” attribute of “equality” by excluding regularity assertion, and guarantee the qualification equality of social subjects in the field of private law by expanding rather than limiting the boundaries of interpretation space. The “essential” argument of the equality principle of civil law makes the interpretation of negative and positive implications logically possible. Civil law is based on the principle of equality. The negative implication of the equality principle derives the principle of freedom. The positive implication gives rise to the principle of honesty and credit and the principle of fairness and justice, which are the guarantees of the principle of freedom. Civil law establishes communication with the times through the dynamic and synchronic nature of the binary meaning of the equality principle，and equalizes the governance of civil law through the negative and positive implications of "one goes up and the other goes down".
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Shaw, Richard. "Bede, Plummer, and the Letter to Nechtan: a reassessment." Innes Review 73, no. 1 (May 2022): 31–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/inr.2022.0322.
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In his Historia ecclesiastica, Bede includes a letter on the dating of Easter and the tonsure, addressed to Nechtan, king of the Picts, written in the name of Ceolfrith (died 716), abbot of Wearmouth-Jarrow. A reassessment of Charles Plummer's assertion of Bede's authorship, expounding Plummer's case at greater length and in more detail, shows that his arguments continue to convince. Bede's authorship provides the best key to the text; and, given the scale of the evidence in its favour, this conclusion should become the default scholarly view, statable without qualification. Accepting the arguments for Bede's authorship of the Letter also casts light on his role in the Wearmouth-Jarrow community early in his career and is evidence for his involvement in high-level diplomacy. Bede's role in the paschal negotiations can also potentially help to contextualise some of his other contemporary literary products, or work towards them – including the Historia ecclesiastica itself.
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Holifield, E. Brooks. "Theology as Entertainment: Oral Debate in American Religion." Church History 67, no. 3 (September 1998): 499–520. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3170943.
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In a 1959 survey of 2,706 ministers of the Churches of Christ, an American denomination that grew out of the nineteenth-century reform movement of Alexander Campbell, the rhetorician James Swinney discovered 215 preachers who said that they had conducted public oral debates as a way of attracting converts and defending their tradition. During the previous half-century, they had held around 4,400 debates, each lasting from one to fourteen days, mainly in the rural areas and small towns of the South and lower Midwest. Another student of Campbell's movement has compiled a list of more than 9,000 such debates, around 500 in the nineteenth century and more than 8,500 in the twentieth. The forensic superstars included regional celebrities like J. D. Tant of Texas, who held more than 350 such contests between 1885 and 1941 and who argued that four people would attend a debate for every one who attended a worship service. His assertion calls for qualification, but it reminds us of a practice that once attracted widespread attention and that has continued to flourish in parts of American Protestantism.
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Tangian, Andranik. "Decent work: indexing European working conditions and imposing workplace tax." Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research 15, no. 3-4 (August 2009): 527–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10242589090150031801.
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This article indexes working conditions using data from the Fourth European Working Conditions Survey 2005 for three purposes. (1) Benchmarking countries and social groups. This reveals poor qualification and career opportunities, and modest incomes. Atypical workers have less advantageous working conditions than those in permanent full-time jobs. This shows that Europe is still far from creating ‘better jobs’ as advocated in the Lisbon agenda. (2) Analysing the flexicurity concept as proposed by the European Commission. Our study disproves the assertion that European workers are less interested in remaining with the same employer but need more flexibility combined with ‘upward mobility’ and lifelong learning. Moreover, Europe has a shortage of training possibilities and workers demonstrate latent resistance to learning. The basis for the Commission's promotion of flexicurity would thus seem questionable. (3) Proposal of a workplace tax for bad working conditions. As with ‘green taxes’, the workplace tax would encourage employers to improve working conditions. Indexing individual working conditions with reference to a checklist, as developed in the article, could be a prototype for measuring ‘social pollution’ to determine the amount of workplace tax.
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Zhuravskaia, Tatiana, and Natalia Ryzhova. "The Economy of Qualities in a Cross-Border Market: Shopping Tourism as a Performative Practice." Sotsiologicheskoe Obozrenie / Russian Sociological Review 20, no. 2 (2021): 200–223. http://dx.doi.org/10.17323/1728-192x-2021-2-200-223.
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The article discusses the performativity of shopping tourism on the Russian-Chinese border using the terminology of M. Callon’s and his co-authors’ economy of qualities. The 2014 crisis has changed the parity of the ruble and the yuan, and has also changed the vector of cross-border tourism in the opposite direction. The authors show how observation of the residents of Blagoveshchensk regarding the purchases of Chinese tourists performs the perception of their social time and sends them “into the past”. They compared their everyday “here and now” knowledge with the knowledge accumulated during the operation of the cross-border local market. The usage of the language of the economy of qualities allows for the expansion of the boundaries of this concept for another type of market, that of the buyer’s market. We also ask about the dynamics of power in the wake of the assertion about the nature of market dynamics. The article consists of three main sections. The first section is a theoretical overview of the use of the concept of performativity in tourism research and the choice of the descriptive language for this empirical case. In the second section, we describe the “Chinese market” and trade practices before the 2014 crisis. The third section contains a reflection on the post-crisis changes and the processes of (re)qualification of goods and themselves. Empirical materials were gathered by the authors in the course of long-term studies in the twin-cities of Blagoveshchensk and Heikhe located on two banks of the Amur River, mainly through observation and interviews.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Assertion qualification"
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GHASEMPOURI, TARA. "Improving ABV by generation and abstraction of PSL assertions." Doctoral thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11562/939548.
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Lo scopo di questa tesi è quello di fornire le metodologie efficienti per migliorare ABV in tre settori della generazione, astrazione e qualificazione delle asserzioni PSL. I principali contributi di questa tesi possono essere riassunti come segue:
1- una metodologia di estrazione automatica è stato proposta, per catturare le descrizioni del comportamento di un sistema in grado di generare un insiemi di asserzioni temporali da tracce di esecuzione. L'approccio è particolarmente adatto per asserzioni minerarie che descrive le relazioni aritmetiche tra ingressi e uscite secondo un insieme di pattern temporali. In comparazione con lo stato dell'arte, l'affermazione minatore proposto in questa metodologia, genera una serie di affermazioni di qualità più compatti e più alti.
2- una metodologia automatica astrazione che riutilizzare asserzioni originariamente definite per un dato IP RTL, per verificare il modello TLM corrispondente. La metodologia può essere diviso in due fasi principali, innanzitutto, asserzioni sintetizzate in metodi C ++ e in secondo luogo, inseriti nel modello TLM. I risultati mostrano che la metodologia può astrarre e riutilizzare le asserzioni da RTL a TLM ed evitare ridefinizione delle affermazioni che sono già esistenti a RTL.
3- una metodologia automatica qualificazione è stata proposta per valutare la qualità di asserzioni e per misurare la interestingness di asserzioni. L'approccio ri-adatta metriche da data mining per misurare la qualità delle asserzioni in base alla sua frequenza di attivazione durante simulazioni e la correlazione tra antecedente e conseguente. risultato sperimentale descrive la metodologia proposta fornisce una migliore stima di asserzioni interestingness.The aim of this thesis is to provide efficient methodologies to improve ABV in three domains of generation, abstraction and qualification of PSL assertions. The main contributions of this thesis can be summarized as follows: 1- An automatic mining methodology has been proposed, for capturing behavioral descriptions of a system that can generate set of temporal assertions from execution traces. The approach is particularly suited for mining assertions that describes arithmetic relations between inputs and outputs according to a set of temporal patterns. In comparation with state of the art, assertion miner proposed in this methodology, generates a set of more compact and higher quality assertions. 2- An automatic abstraction methodology has been proposed to reuse assertions originally defined for a given RTL IP, to verify the corresponding TLM model. The methodology can be divided into two main phases, firstly, assertions synthesized into C++ methods and secondly, inserted in the TLM model. The results show that the methodology can abstract and reuse assertions from RTL to TLM and avoid redefinition of assertions which are already exist at RTL. 3- An automatic qualification methodology has been proposed to evaluate the quality of assertions to measure the interestingness of assertions. The approach re-adapts metrics from data mining to measure the quality of assertions based on its activation frequency during simulation runs and the correlation between antecedent and consequent. Experimental result depicts the proposed methodology provides a better estimation of assertions interestingness.
Books on the topic "Assertion qualification"
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Craig, Paul, and Gráinne de Búrca. 9. The Relationship Between EU Law and National Law:. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198714927.003.0009.
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All books in this flagship series contain carefully selected substantial extracts from key cases, legislation, and academic debate, providing able students with a stand-alone resource. This chapter discusses the doctrine of supremacy of EU law, which was developed by the European Court of Justice (ECJ) based on its conception of the ‘new legal order’. The ECJ ruled that the aim of creating a uniform common market between different states would be undermined if EU law could be made subordinate to national law of the various states. The validity of EU law can therefore, according to the ECJ, never be assessed by reference to national law. National courts are required to give immediate effect to EU law, of whatever rank, in cases that arise before them, and to ignore or to set aside any national law, of whatever rank, which could impede the application of EU law. Thus, according to the ECJ, any norm of EU law takes precedence over any provision of national law, including the national constitutions. This broad assertion of the supremacy of EU law has not however been accepted without qualification by national courts, and the chapter examines the nature of the qualifications that have been imposed by some national courts.
Book chapters on the topic "Assertion qualification"
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Danese, Alessandro, Francesca Filini, Tara Ghasempouri, and Graziano Pravadelli. "Automatic Generation and Qualification of Assertions on Control Signals: A Time Window-Based Approach." In VLSI-SoC: Design for Reliability, Security, and Low Power, 193–221. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46097-0_10.
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Craig, Paul, and Gráinne de Búrca. "10. The Relationship Between EU Law and National Law: Supremacy." In EU Law, 303–52. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198856641.003.0010.
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All books in this flagship series contain carefully selected substantial extracts from key cases, legislation, and academic debate, providing students with a stand-alone resource. This chapter discusses the doctrine of supremacy of EU law, which was developed by the European Court of Justice (ECJ) based on its conception of the ‘new legal order’. The ECJ ruled that the aim of creating a uniform common market between different states would be undermined if EU law could be made subordinate to national law of the various states. The validity of EU law can therefore, according to the ECJ, never be assessed by reference to national law. National courts are required to give immediate effect to EU law, of whatever rank, in cases that arise before them, and to ignore or to set aside any national law, of whatever rank, which could impede the application of EU law. Thus, according to the ECJ, any norm of EU law takes precedence over any provision of national law, including the national constitutions. This broad assertion of the supremacy of EU law has not however been accepted without qualification by national courts, and the chapter examines the nature of the qualifications that have been imposed by some national courts. The UK version contains a further section analysing the relevance of the supremacy of EU law in relation to the UK post-Brexit.
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Craig, Paul, and Gráinne de Búrca. "10. The Relationship Between EU Law and National Law: Supremacy." In EU Law, 314–66. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198859840.003.0010.
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All books in this flagship series contain carefully selected substantial extracts from key cases, legislation, and academic debate, providing students with a stand-alone resource. This chapter discusses the doctrine of supremacy of EU law, which was developed by the European Court of Justice (ECJ) based on its conception of the ‘new legal order’. The ECJ ruled that the aim of creating a uniform common market between different states would be undermined if EU law could be made subordinate to national law of the various states. The validity of EU law can therefore, according to the ECJ, never be assessed by reference to national law. National courts are required to give immediate effect to EU law, of whatever rank, in cases that arise before them, and to ignore or to set aside any national law, of whatever rank, which could impede the application of EU law. Thus, according to the ECJ, any norm of EU law takes precedence over any provision of national law, including the national constitutions. This broad assertion of the supremacy of EU law has not however been accepted without qualification by national courts, and the chapter examines the nature of the qualifications that have been imposed by some national courts. The UK version contains a further section analysing the relevance of the supremacy of EU law in relation to the UK post-Brexit.
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Seifert, Josef. "Moral Goodness Alone Is ‘Good Without Qualifications’." In The Paideia Archive: Twentieth World Congress of Philosophy, 223–30. Philosophy Documentation Center, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/wcp20-paideia199844848.
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Kant says that moral values are ‘good without qualification.’ This assertion and similar remarks of Plato can be understood in terms of a return to moral data themselves in the following ways: 1. Moral values are objectively good and not relative to our judgments; 2. Moral goodness is intrinsic goodness grounded in the nature of acts and independent of our subjective satisfaction; 3. Moral goodness expresses in an essentially new and higher sense of the idea of value as such; 4. Moral Goodness cannot be abused like intellectual, aesthetic, temperamental and other values; 5. Moral values are good in that they never must be sacrificed for any other value, because they are incomparably higher and should absolutely and ‘first’ be sought for; 6. Moral goodness makes the person as such good; 7. All three different modes of participation in moral values are linked to the absolute, most ‘necessary’ and highest good for the person; 8. Moral Values are goods "in the unrestricted sense" by being pure perfections in the sense that "neither in this world nor outside it" can we find anything that could be called good unqualifiedly except moral goodness which is absolutely better to possess than not to possess. 9. Moral Values are unconditionally good because they are never just ‘means’ towards ends. 10. Moral values imply a new type of ought which elucidates the ‘absolute sense’ in which they are good. Conclusion: These distinctions allow a better grasp of Kant and Plato as well as of a central ethical truth decisive for the moral education of humankind.
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Gowans, Christopher W. "Pyrrho and Pyrrhonism." In Self-Cultivation Philosophies in Ancient India, Greece, and China, 167–94. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190941024.003.0007.
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The chapter argues that Pyrrho and ancient Pyrrhonian skepticism (specifically, Sextus Empiricus) are plausibly interpreted as accepting a self-cultivation philosophy, though in somewhat different senses and with some qualification. For both, the existential starting point is an emotionally troubled life rooted in beliefs about the world, and the ideal state of being is a life of tranquility without these beliefs and guided by appearances. It is difficult to say what spiritual exercises Pyrrho thought were needed to achieve the ideal state: perhaps learning his philosophy and habituating ourselves to follow it. However, for Sextus, employment of skeptical arguments was the primary exercise. Since neither Pyrrho nor Sextus supposed we could make assertions about the specific nature of things, neither had a philosophy of human nature in a straightforward sense. Nonetheless, presentations of their outlooks betray some perspective on this (e.g., about the relationship between absence of belief and tranquility).
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Harding, Dennis. "Ethnographic Models." In Iron Age Hillforts in Britain and Beyond. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199695249.003.0014.
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Evaluating the contribution that a study of ethnographic models can make to an understanding of the role of hillforts in Iron Age society is as fraught with difficulties as is a critical assessment of documentary sources. Divorced in space and time from the Iron Age in Britain and north-western Europe, there can plainly be no direct cultural association or expectation that the social, political, economic, or belief systems that governed behaviour were necessarily comparable. Nevertheless, the basic requirements of providing food, shelter from the environment, and protection from hostile threat are universal, and communities widely separated in time and space may respond independently to similar situations in ways that may potentially illuminate the archaeological issues under review. As with experimental archaeology, we cannot say as a result of studying ethnographic analogies, that Iron Age communities in Britain built hillforts for such-and-such purposes or in the process believed this or that; only that these possibilities might be examined as potentially satisfying the available evidence. When it comes to social reconstruction, it may be possible to identify broad categories of social structures in which patterns of behaviour are recurrent, and more tentatively the same might be inferred for cognitive systems. The fact that we may never know what Iron Age communities believed is no reason for failing to address the question, which is not the same as simply asserting what they believed without presenting evidence or due qualification. Modern or early modern ethnographic models suffer from the inevitable disadvantage that they derive from contact between the native communities and European colonists. In consequence there is the probability that, as with Roman records of contacts with Gaulish or British Iron Age communities, native behaviour will in some measure have adapted to the alien cultural presence. This would apply even if the nature of contact were peaceable exploration, commercial, or evangelical, since the introduction of new technology and novel goods and practices would inevitably impact on local conventions. In the context of any defensive sites or protected settlements, the introduction of firearms plainly will have transformed any established convention of warfare that pertained in the pre-colonial era. Establishing the native tradition from earlier periods is not an easy or wholly reliable exercise, especially given that practices may have changed significantly if slowly over generations.
Conference papers on the topic "Assertion qualification"
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Danese, Alessandra, Jacopo Mocci, and Graziano Pravadelli. "Fault model qualification by assertion mining." In 2016 17th Latin-American Test Symposium (LATS). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/latw.2016.7483338.
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