Academic literature on the topic 'Assembly workers'

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Journal articles on the topic "Assembly workers"

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Wang, Q., G. W. Owen, and A. R. Mileham. "Comparison between fixed- and walking-worker assembly lines." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 219, no. 11 (November 1, 2005): 845–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/095440505x32805.

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Linear walking-worker assembly lines are a novel form of flexible assembly system where fitters travel along the line carrying out each assembly task at each workstation. They attempt to combine the flexibility of the workbench system with the efficiency of the conventional fixed-worker assembly line. This concept has been implemented in a local manufacturing company where conventional assembly systems have been dominant for many years. This paper describes an investigation into this implemented walking-worker assembly line. The research work makes a comparison of the system's performance based on the same production line operated with fixed workers or with walking workers. The research approach was to develop simulation models for the alternative systems and to compare their simulation results. The results have shown that by using multiple-skilled walking workers this novel system has several advantages over the conventional fixed-worker assembly line under similar conditions.
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Sun, Wen Lei, Yu Shan Cao, and Wei Sun. "The Research of Virtual Assembly of Cotton Picker Roller Based on Virtual Reality." Advanced Materials Research 156-157 (October 2010): 496–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.156-157.496.

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This paper took the roller of a new cotton picker as the example, drew its various parts and assemblyed overally in the three-dimensional mapping software environment of UG, imported the models into the virtual reality assembly platform by the interface between UG and VAPlatform, added the virtual hand and carried through the virtual assembly in the virtual scene based on the certain assembly restriction in UG. The paper realized the visualization of the assembly path, offered the foundation for the feasible assembly path, and finally obtained the reasonable assembly process, provided a set of reasonable operation guide for the workers to assemble the cotton pickers.
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Peças, Paulo, and João Semeano. "Industrial-Based Time Performance of Assembly Cell Operators: Impact Assessment Characterization by Discrete-Event Simulation." International Journal of Mathematical, Engineering and Management Sciences 5, no. 1 (November 1, 2019): 29–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.33889/ijmems.2020.5.1.003.

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Assembly cells often depend on the human elements when an extended automation is not (economically, even if technologically) possible. The workers’ natural variability is impossible to avoid in a manual assembly system. Usually when simulating an assembly system, a given task time distribution is assumed as the representation of the workers time performance. Workers have variations in their performance that can incur in the shifting of this distribution relative to the expected performance time distribution, as well as in the widening of this distribution, by the increase or decrease of dispersion. This paper presents a discrete event simulation model of an assembly system where the operators have different time distributions, aiming to assess their influence in the overall system performance. Those time distributions were obtained in industrial context, in a previous study, by observing workers in an assembly cell, so representing real performance of workers. The results indicate that the worst performing worker will “pace” the output system performance to a slower rhythm, while better performances of a single worker will only increase very slightly the system productivity.
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Taki, Seiko, Yasuhiro Kajihara, and Arou Yamamoto. "Proposal for Evaluating Workers’ Work Characteristics – Case Study on Business Machinery Production Line –." International Journal of Automation Technology 11, no. 1 (January 5, 2017): 38–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2017.p0038.

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The General Aptitude Test Battery (GATB) is widely used to evaluate a subject’s cognitive ability for the purpose of selecting appropriate employment. The results of the GATB have been used to place staff in departments ranging from clerical departments to assembly lines. However, at actual manufacturing and assembly sites, workers receive mixed evaluations of “slow work” and “fast work” from the site administrators even though they all have high GATB scores for their jobs. In this study, with the aim of improving job design and employment selection, we do a detailed analysis of the existing GATB method of evaluating work characteristics and worker capacities. We conduct inspection ratings to measure each worker’s ability to adjust their working speeds and analyze the relationship between the GATB score and the worker evaluations. Next, we discover specific motions that explain the evaluation of workers by analyzing worker motions during the GATB. Lastly, we propose a method of determining whether an employee can work quickly in the field.
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Koo, Pyung-Hoi. "A New Self-Balancing Assembly Line Based on Collaborative Ant Behavior." Applied Sciences 10, no. 19 (September 29, 2020): 6845. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10196845.

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In most mass-production assembly lines, workers perform a set of tasks repetitively predefined by assembly line balancing techniques. The static task assignment often leads to low productivity when the assembly system faces disruptions or uncertainties such as machine breakdown and uneven worker capabilities. The idea of bucket brigades (BB) has been introduced to address the static assignment problems where cooperative behavior of ants is applied to flow line control. This paper examines possible efficiency losses associated with the existing BB-based assembly cell and presents an improved version for assembly cells under uncertain environments. The new system attempts to enhance productivity by assigning assembly tasks to workers dynamically and possibly adding buffers for decoupling consecutive workers. The proposed assembly system is evaluated through simulation experiments under various manufacturing environments. The experimental results show that the new system provides higher productivity than the naïve BB-based assembly cell as well as traditional assembly cells, especially for uncertain assembly environments.
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Carrasquillo, Vernnaliz, Thomas J. Armstrong, and S. Jack Hu. "Mixed-Model Assembly Lines and Their Effect on Worker Posture and Recovery Time." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 61, no. 1 (September 2017): 968. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541931213601723.

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Aim: The aim of this study is to describe the relationship between cycle-to-cycle task variations in mixed-model assembly lines and workers’ exposure to poor posture and insufficient recovery time and provide guidelines for mixed-model assembly line (MMAL) design. Background: In the US, 17.6 out of 100,000 manufacturing workers suffer musculoskeletal injuries while conducting tasks in assembly lines which may be paced (e.g. continuously moving) or self-paced (e.g. asynchronous indexing). MMALs produce multiple products in the same line. Pacing must be carefully considered to achieve productivity targets while providing workers sufficient time to complete the tasks and recover. The effect of pacing on worker fatigue and exertions is not well understood. In MMALs, the complexity of completing multiple work methods may increase exposure to these risk factors. These concerns also affect hospital kitchens. While kitchen workers don’t have standardized work cycles, the work tasks (e.g. get, move, put) resemble the cyclic nature of manufacturing plants. Studies have been conducted to describe the effect of cycle-to-cycle task variations on worker posture and recovery time in MMALs (Carrasquillo, Armstrong, and Hu 2011, 2016, 2017). Methods: Three studies were conducted: (1) field observation of continuous moving assembly line - hospital kitchen, continuous moving conveyor; (2) conveyor type, product mix/sequence laboratory experiment - simulated assembly task conducted under 9 conveyor and product mix/sequence configurations; (3) field observation of on demand, self-paced assembly line with varying demand - hospital kitchen where patients placed orders at any time. Workers were video recorded and worker posture and recovery time were assessed. Posture tracking was used in laboratory study (2). Results: The self-paced assembly lines (asynchronous indexing, and manual), provided workers control over their work pace. They reached within the reach envelop more frequently than in the paced, continuous moving conveyor (43% vs. 86% –99%). The workers on the self-paced assembly line had the greatest average recovery time (31.8%), the worker on the continuous moving conveyor had 9.5% and the subjects on the asynchronous indexing conveyor had 0.7% recovery time. Discussion and conclusions: In study (1) increases in variations increased the frequency of workers reaching outside the reach envelope and reduced recovery time. In Study (2), the self-paced, asynchronous indexing mixed-model assembly line was the most effective configuration in reducing the frequency of reaching unnecessarily to complete the job. However, subjects didn’t reduce the pace to recover; instead, they worked continuously. The workers’ pace in the Study (3) assembly line was constrained by the process time. In it, workers, chose to reach outside the reach envelop 14% of the time; less frequently than in Study (1). The process time provided time for recovery. It exceeded 10%, more than in any of the other assembly line configurations. These findings demonstrate that as work variations increase, so does the frequency of reaching while the recovery time is. Self-pacing reduced but did not eliminate awkward postures. Participants reached ahead and completed the assigned tasks before the work objects were within the reach envelope. Ensuring that a minimum work time is maintained for each product type is essential to providing workers with sufficient time for recovery.
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Cao, Le, Biao Wang, and Fei Liu. "Measurement of Worker Differences and Optimization of Personnel Assignment for Assembly Production." Key Engineering Materials 439-440 (June 2010): 1469–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.439-440.1469.

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The measurement of worker differences is fundamental consideration in personnel assignment which is one key decision that influences the productivity and quality of assembly production. Due to the weakness of presented researches on worker differences measurement, the concept of station fitness, which takes the worker skill level and accumulated execution time in a given period as parameters, is proposed to better describe the worker competency and provide a way of measuring the differences among workers. A personnel assignment optimization model based on station fitness for assembly production is constructed, and the objectives are maximizing the station fitness for each assembly station and minimizing the difference of station fitness for workers assigned in the same assembly line. Then a heuristic algorithm based on the fitness matrix is presented to solve this model. The results from the example demonstrate the feasibility of the approach.
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Cevikcan, Emre. "An optimization methodology for multi model walking-worker assembly systems: an application from busbar energy distribution systems." Assembly Automation 36, no. 4 (September 5, 2016): 439–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aa-09-2015-072.

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Purpose Walking-worker assembly lines can be regarded as an effective method to achieve the above-mentioned characteristics. In such systems, workers, following each other, travel workstations in sequence by performing all of the required tasks of their own product. As the eventual stage of assembly line design, efforts should be made for capacity adjustments to meet the demand in terms of allocating tasks to workers via assembly line balancing. In this context, the purpose of this study is to address the balancing problem for multi-model walking-worker assembly systems, with the aim of improving planning capability for such systems by means of developing an optimization methodology. Design/methodology/approach Two linear integer programming models are proposed to balance a multi-model walking-worker assembly line optimally in a sequential manner. The first mathematical programming model attempts to determine number of workers in each segment (i.e. rabbit chase loop) for each model. The second model generates stations in each segment to smooth workflow. What is more, heuristic algorithms are provided due to computational burden of mathematical programming models. Two segment generation heuristic algorithms and a station generation heuristic algorithm are provided for the addressed problem. Findings The application of the mathematical programming approach improved the performance of a tap-off box assembly line in terms of number of workers (9.1 per cent) and non-value-added time ratio (between 27.9 and 26.1 per cent for different models) when compared to a classical assembly system design. In addition, the proposed approach (i.e. segmented walking-worker assembly line) provided a more convenient working environment (28.1 and 40.8 per cent shorter walking distance for different models) in contrast with the overall walking-worker assembly line. Meanwhile, segment generation heuristics yielded reduction in labour requirement for a considerable number (43.7 and 49.1 per cent) of test problems. Finally, gaps between the objective values and the lower bounds have been observed as 8.3 per cent (Segment Generation Heuristic 1) and 6.1 (Segment Generation Heuristic 2). Practical implications The proposed study presents a decision support for walking-worker line balancing with high level of solution quality and computational performance for even large-sized assembly systems. That being the case, it contributes to the management of real-life assembly systems in terms of labour planning and ergonomics. Owing to the fact that the methodology has the potential of reducing labour requirement, it will present the opportunity of utilizing freed-up capacity for new lines in the start-up period or other bottleneck processes. In addition, this study offers a working environment where skill of the workers can be improved within reasonable walking distances. Originality/value To the best knowledge of the author, workload balancing on multi-model walking-worker assembly lines with rabbit chase loop(s) has not yet been handled. Addressing this research gap, this paper presents a methodology including mathematical programming models and heuristic algorithms to solve the multi-model walking-worker assembly line balancing problem for the first time.
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Kamarulzaman MK, Muhammad Nubli AW, and Ezrin HS. "ERGONOMICS STUDY IN THE STRESS LEVEL AMONG ELECTRONICS ASSEMBLY LINE WORKERS." Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine 20, Special1 (August 1, 2020): 201–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.37268/mjphm/vol.20/no.special1/art.689.

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Human and cognitive ergonomics become one of essential elements in industrial field nowadays due to employer concern on physical, spiritual and emotional of their workers. The need of industrial today required operator’s cognitive functions with less manual human control but in reality human judgement cannot be eliminate as there are various task that only can be perform by human. The objective of this study is to investigate the level of stress among Muslim electronics assembly line workers in electronic factories in Malaysia. The method used in this study is a survey questionnaire. The study is to compare the stress level between male and female, different ages of worker, years of working experience and task deliver in the plant to perform their duty and contribute to company. The tool administered is DASS 42 questions which distributed to the 360 worker from different level which is staffs and operators. Based on it, emWavePro device are used to test workers biofeedback performance in order to determine target persons for stress management module implementation. Workers performances in terms of productivity are measure after complete module implementation. The result may shows that workers that undergo this programed as a subjects improve their work performance by increasing productivity. Workers may came to work with positive attitude that impact positive environment to the plant. Using DASS, 319 of electronics assembly line workers are evaluated and from that 18 workers are identified with extremely severe of depression, anxiety and stress. From 18 workers, 61.1% are come from age between 19 and 29 years old with working experience less than 5 years. These 18 workers had potential to influence others that can disturb positive environment on the plant and change it to negative environment. Cognitive ergonomics is one of important elements to be focus as it impact workers performance every day. Not only physical, spiritual and emotional of the workers also contribute to the plant achievement in general.
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Václav, Štefan, Jozef Jurko, Pavol Božek, and Šimon Lecký. "Theoretical Aspect of Assembly." Research Papers Faculty of Materials Science and Technology Slovak University of Technology 24, no. 38 (September 1, 2016): 103–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rput-2016-0045.

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Abstract Assembly plays a decisive role in global production in terms of its share in the total costs of the products assembled and in terms of the number of people working in the field. The author of (1) indicates that the percentage of the workers in assembly out of the total number of the workers in manufacturing in the U.S.A. ranged from 26.3% (bicycles) to 45.6% (automobiles), while the cost of the product assembly represented typically more than 50% of the total costs. Despite the above-mentioned importance of assembly in the industry, the discontinuous production processes have not been paid adequate attention until recently. It was sufficient to manufacture parts and then an operative reasonably and inexpensively assembled each product manually. The authors of this paper would like to emphasise “the method of a systemic approach” which focuses upon identifying the key activities to meet the objective. Harmonious interrelations of the activities are often a source of greater profit than in a system where some activities are of the top level while the others are neglected (2). The aim of this paper is to describe theoretical aspects of all the typical activities of the assembly system.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Assembly workers"

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Saitovic, Maja, and Valdete Jusufi. "How to motivate assembly line workers." Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, EMM (Entrepreneurship, Marketing, Management), 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-945.

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The purpose of our master thesis was to investigate what motivates assembly line workers performing low-skill jobs in a small industrial laundry business. We wanted to see what fac-tors determine and influence their motivation to work and if and how this motivation can be improved with respect to assembly line systems in general. The method of our investiga-tion was qualitative in nature, where we studied one firm that leases clean bed clothes and textiles to hotels and restaurants around Sweden. We constructed a survey on motivation and handed it out to the assembly line workers who deal with the laundry. Furthermore, we interviewed the shift manager in order to get the company’s view on employee motivation. Our findings indicate that there are several overlapping factors that determine and influ-ence motivation in the long run. From this particular case we saw that a unified working culture and collective efforts both boost the willingness to work and help the process run smoothly. Furthermore, proper communication is motivating, where everyone should be committed to company goals, but the workers should be able to take part in profits, and not just generate them. Also, employees have to be considered as important as customers are. Another factor is to have the right resources to execute company plans, such as proper working techniques that minimise stress, injuries and frustration, and more responsibility that allows employees to see the whole system by learning about the technical aspects, or engaging in customer contacts. When trust builds up between the workers and the man-agement, there will be less need for a controlling boss, and people will be more motivated to work when they are not constantly monitored by their leader. In addition, more CEO visits are encouraged at plant level, because they send the signal that the company cares about all its employees. Finally, a crucial factor is feedback, where the firm should not only criticise, but praise everyone for a job well done. This way, the workers will feel worthy. When long term factors are weak or missing in the company, the only motivation for the people is money. However, money can work as a short term and a long term motivator be-cause it serves as a tool to satisfy needs of both security and self esteem outside work. Con-sidering motivation and assembly lines in general, when the assembly line is at its core, where efficiency is the goal and workers serve as means to get there, the only motivation is money, and possibly working colleagues. Intrinsic motivation can be reached by moving away from the actual system and performing other tasks. Still, the long term factors can improve the situation to a certain extent, but sooner or later everyone will turn into a well oiled machine with no further ways to improve motivation, since boredom and routines will remain. One goes from being a cog in the machinery to an integral part of a successful engine. It is still the same content, but in a different package.

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Amini, Malaki Afshin. "A Study of the Effects of Operational Time Variability in Assembly Lines with Linear Walking Workers." Thesis, Tekniska Högskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, JTH, Industriell organisation och produktion, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-17877.

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In the present fierce global competition, poor responsiveness, low flexibility to meet the uncertainty of demand, and the low efficiency of traditional assembly lines are adequate motives to persuade manufacturers to adopt highly flexible production tools such as cross-trained workers who move along the assembly line while carrying out their planned jobs at different stations [1]. Cross-trained workers can be applied in various models in assembly lines. A novel model which taken into consideration in many industries nowadays is called the linear walking worker assembly line and employs workers who travel along the line and fully assemble the product from beginning to end [2]. However, these flexible assembly lines consistently endure imbalance in their stations which causes a significant loss in the efficiency of the lines. The operational time variability is one of the main sources of this imbalance [3] and is the focus of this study which investigated the possibility of decreasing the mentioned loss by arranging workers with different variability in a special order in walking worker assembly lines. The problem motivation comes from the literature of unbalanced lines which is focused on bowl phenomenon. Hillier and Boling [4] indicated that unbalancing a line in a bowl shape could reach the optimal production rate and called it bowl phenomenon.  This study chose a conceptual design proposed by a local automotive company as a case study and a discrete event simulation study as the research method to inspect the questions and hypotheses of this research.  The results showed an improvement of about 2.4% in the throughput due to arranging workers in a specific order, which is significant compared to the fixed line one which had 1 to 2 percent improvement. In addition, analysis of the results concluded that having the most improvement requires grouping all low skill workers together. However, the pattern of imbalance is significantly effective in this improvement concerning validity and magnitude.
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Noll, Cheryl Lynn. "The maquiladora industry : an analysis of the attitude toward working by Mexican workers /." The Ohio State University, 1990. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/29862946.html.

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Kuipers, Nathanaël. "Appropriate instructions for manual assembly workers in industrial manufacturing settings: factors to consider." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för ekonomi, teknik och naturvetenskap, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-42186.

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Manual assembly workers have nowadays a much higher workload than before. Not only do they have to deal with many more product variants, but as aconsequence they also receive many more information signals that they have to act upon. This study focuses on the information assembly workers receive through visual instructions. By conducting a literature review in the domains of product development with focus on design for assembly, cognition related to informationin instructions and different instruction formats like paper, tablet, and augmented reality (AR), commonalities and differences could be identified. Assembly operations are generally divided in handling a part and joining a part, and instructions should inform the assembly worker about when what should be assembled where and how. Each of these aspects has an impact on the overall complexity of the assembly process. To realise which of these aspects is most critical for an assembly worker can be of help in creating and delivering effective, tailor made instructions. The main finding is that there is not a one size fits all solution when it comes to the effectiveness of instructions, but that the type of instructions and the way they are delivered should in the first place be adjusted to the complexity of the assembly operations and secondly - if possible - also adjusted to the experience of the worker. The outcomes mentioned in this document should help laying the foundation for rules and guidelines when it comes to manual assembly instructions and its factors to consider.
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Mills, Virginia S. (Virginia Sarah). "Gender and work in the Maquiladoras of Ciudad Juarez, Mexico." Thesis, McGill University, 1991. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=60467.

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The establishment of the Border Industrialization Program (BIP) between Mexico and the United States in 1965 led to the creation of free-trade zone assembly factories--or maquiladoras--along Mexico's Northern border and in the interior. Thousands of Mexican women have since entered the industrial export sector as maquiladora workers, and make up the majority of unskilled and semi-skilled assemblers in electronic and apparel maquila plants. This paper agues that maquiladora managers' preference for women is the result of an unquestioning belief in the gender-specific traits of women--such as dexterity, docility, patience--and well-calculated hiring and personnel policies, which have been designed not only to take advantage of the patriarchal system in Mexico and women's weaker social, political and economic position, but to maintain and control women's qualities of "cheapness", "docility", and "productivity", to the advantage of business.
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Ingvaldson, Anton. "Future Assembly : AURES - The intelligent assisting arm." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Designhögskolan vid Umeå universitet, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-125442.

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The world is constantly changing and workers are forced to adapt to a pace that is more suitable for machines. In the Automotive Industry assembly line workers injuries keeps increasing despite major improvements in recent years. This is due to the cause that the marked demands more goods but to a lower cost. With this in mind, how can we create an aid for assembly line workers that could decrease repetitive strain injuries, facilitate flexibility and reduce the weight load on the workers joints? In this project I have explored the possibility to create new and intelligent aids for the assembly lines with great focus the human body and ergonomics.
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Abdullah, Haslinda. "Repetitive work, upper-limb disorders and stress : a study of Malaysian women assembly workers." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.422756.

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Kenklies, Kai Malte. "Instructing workers through a head-worn Augmented Reality display and through a stationary screen on manual industrial assembly tasks : A comparison study." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för informatik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-172888.

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It was analyzed if instructions on a head-worn Augmented Reality display (AR-HWD) are better for manual industrial assembly tasks than instructions on a stationary screen. A prototype was built which consisted of virtual instruction screens for two example assembly tasks. In a comparison study participants performed the tasks with instructions through an AR-HWD and alternatively through a stationary screen. Questionnaires, interviews and observation notes were used to evaluate the task performances and the user experience. The study revealed that the users were excited and enjoyed trying the technology. The perceived usefulness at the current state was diverse, but the users saw a huge potential in AR-HWDs for the future. The task accuracy with instructions on the AR-HWD was equally good as with instructions on the screen. AR-HWDs are found to be a better approach than a stationary screen, but technological limitations need to be overcome and workers need to train using the new technology to make its application efficient.
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Moreira, Mayron César de Oliveira. "Balanceamento de linhas de produção com trabalhadores deficientes." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/55/55134/tde-18052011-150310/.

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Pessoas portadoras de deficiências encontram enormes dificuldades ao tentarem entrar no mercado de trabalho. De fato, sobretudo em países em desenvolvimento, esta parcela significativa da população representa uma fração ínfima dos trabalhadores empregados. Dentre as iniciativas que tentam reverter este quadro, destaca-se a criação de Centros de Trabalhadores Deficientes (CTDs), empresas sem fins lucrativos que empregam pessoas portadoras de deficiências, geralmente em linhas de produção. Um dos fins últimos dos CTDs é expor os trabalhadores a situações encontradas em uma gama diversa de contextos produtivos, de modo que eles possam, eventualmente, vir a compor o quadro de empresas convencionais. A organização e planejamento da operação de CTDs envolve uma série de dificuldades. Questões ligadas à ergonomia do trabalho ou ao gerenciamento de qualidade, por exemplo, adquirem características particulares neste ambiente. Da mesma forma, problemas clássicos de balanceamento de linhas de produção ganham novas particularidades devido, sobretudo, à enorme heterogeneidade existente entre os trabalhadores. Neste contexto, nos interessamos por problemas referentes ao balanceamento da linha de produção com trabalhadores deficientes, onde se busca obter a maior eficiência produtiva dadas as habilidades específicas de cada trabalhador. De maneira mais precisa, o problema de balanceamento de linhas de produção em CTDs, conhecido na literatura como problema de balanceamento e designação de trabalhadores em linhas de produção (ALWABP, na sigla em inglês) consiste em alocar tarefas e trabalhadores a estações de trabalho, de modo a minimizar o gargalo produtivo e levando em consideração que cada tarefa tem um tempo de duração que depende do trabalhador escolhido para sua execução. Isto dá ao problema um caráter de dupla alocação, aumentando seu caráter combinatório e, consequentemente, sua dificuldade de resolução. Nesta dissertação, estudamos uma variedade de técnicas de resolução do ALWABP. Os objetivos deste estudo são, primeiramente, obter métodos diversos para resolução do problema que sejam eficazes tanto em termos do tempo computacional necessário para sua utilização como em termos da qualidade da solução obtida. Dentre as abordagens propostas e testadas encontram-se versões de algoritmos com diferentes complexidades, indo desde heurísticas construtivas e estratégias de busca monotônica em vizinhança até meta-heurísticas como GRASP e Busca Tabu. A variedade de técnicas desenvolvidas permitiu a resolução de um problema ainda mais complexo que o ALWABP, que consiste em programar a linha para diversos períodos produtivos, levando em consideração a rotação de tarefas entre os trabalhadores. Deste modo, os trabalhadores podem ser expostos ao maior número de tarefas possível (atendendo, assim, o fim de treinamento almejado no ambiente dos CTDs). Para resolução do problema de rotação de tarefas, as técnicas desenvolvidas foram utilizadas em um esquema de otimização híbrido que faz uso de um pool de soluções (obtidas pelos métodos heurísticos) que são integradas através de modelos de otimização linear inteira mista. Os resultados obtidos sugerem que as técnicas desenvolvidas são eficientes e flexíveis para o problema ALWABP e que a sua integração permite a obtenção de soluções eficientes para o problema de rotação de tarefas. Deste modo, esta dissertação propõe um esquema completo para o balanceamento de linhas de produção em CTDs
Disabled workers face enormous difficulties when trying to enter to the labor market. At the present moment, in particular in developing countries, this group constitutes a small portion of the labor force in productive processes. Among the initiatives that attempt to reverse this situation, we highlight the creation of sheltered work centers for the disabled (referred to as SWD henceforth), which are non-profit companies that employ people with disabilities, often in assembly lines. The organization and planning of the operation of a SWD involves a number of challenges. Issues related to ergonomy or production quality management, for instance, acquire particular characteristics in this environment. Likewise, classic assembly lines balancing modeling and solving techniques have to be modified, due to the significant heterogeneity among workers. In this context, we are concerned with problems related to the assembly line balancing with disabled workers, which attempts to achieve the higher production efficiency as possible, given the specific skills of each worker. More precisely, the assembly line balancing problem in SWD, known in the literature as the assembly line worker assignment and balancing problem (ALWABP), consists in assigning tasks and workers to workstations, in order to minimize the bottleneck of the production line while considering that each task duration time depends on the worker chosen for its execution. This double assignment structure leads to a much more complex problem. In this dissertation, we study a variety of techniques for solving the ALWABP. The goals of this study are, first of all, the development of a number of efficient techniques for solving the problem, both in terms of computational time required for their use and in terms of the quality of the obtained solutions. Among the techniques proposed and tested, we have versions of algorithms with different complexities, ranging from constructive heuristics and monotonic neighborhood search strategies to metaheuristics such as Tabu Search and GRASP. The diversity of the developed techniques allowed the resolution of a problem even more complex than the ALWABP, which consists of programming the line for a set of periods, taking into account the rotation of tasks among workers. The objective of this new problem is to propose a solution for a given production period that considers the fact that it might be positive to expose the workers to as many tasks as possible (for training, therapeutical and motivational reasons). In order to solve this job rotation problem, the techniques developed were integrated into a hybrid optimization scheme that uses a pool of solutions (obtained with the heuristic methods) which become inputs of mixed integer linear optimization models. The results suggest that the techniques developed are efficient and flexible to the ALWABP and their integration allows the obtention of efficient solutions to the job rotation problem. Thus, this dissertation proposes a complete scheme for the resolution of the balancing problem in SWD production lines
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Jonsson, Johan. "Ökadproduktivitet i en manuell produktion : - en fallstudie på AMB Industri AB." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för ekonomistyrning och logistik (ELO), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-64759.

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Detta examensarbete har studerat hur produktionsplaneringen av en manuell produktion/montering kan bli produktivare. Genom empiriskt material från fallföretaget och insamlade av relevant teori presenteras idéer om hur detta kan göras. Två viktiga slutsatser från detta arbete är att företag bör planera sin manuella produktion/montering längre tid i förväg och därmed möjliggöra för fler förutbestämda planeringsregler, det vill säga vilka produkter som produceras/monteras när. Dessa slutsatser har dragits utifrån aktuell och relevant teori om produktionsplanering av manuell produktion. Fokus i arbetet har dock legat på att testa om ett införande av ett Walking Workers Assembly Line - system (WWAL) i den manuella produktionen påverkar produktiviteten. För att testa hur införandet av WWAL påverkar produktiviteten har det i arbetet gjorts ett experiment i en manuell produktions-/monteringslinje, experimentet har bedrivits i flertalet veckor för att säkerställa resultaten. Resultaten från experimentet visar att införandet av ett WWAL-system påverkade produktiviteten positivt, totalt sett. Däremot visade experimentet att olika delar av den manuella produktionen påverkades på olika sätt, i en del av linjen påverkades produktiviteten positivt med cirka 40 procent och i en annan del negativt med cirka 9 procent. Dessa skillnader kan bland annat förklaras av att det uppstod ett så kallat rabbit chase i den ena delen, men inte i den andra. Vidare visar experimentets resultat att kostnaderna för att införa WWAL var noll, vilket står i strid med aktuell relevant teori. Teorin antyder också att det kan vara svårt att lyckas med WWAL när det gäller komplexa produkter, detta motsäges av experimentet som har gjort på en relativt komplex medicinteknisk produkt. Arbetet kommer också fram till slutsatsen att det kan vara viktigare att införa WWAL än att jobba med Lean till 100 procent, denna slutsats bygger till stor del på att införandet av WWAL var kostnadsfritt.
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Books on the topic "Assembly workers"

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Party, Workers'. Manifesto of the Workers' Party: Assembly elections June 1998. Belfast: Workers' Party, 1998.

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Tennessee. General Assembly. Joint Legislative Committee to Study Workers' Compensation in Tennessee. Report to the General Assembly. [Nashville, Tenn: Comptroller of the Treasury, Office of Research, 1996.

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Yamamoto, Kiyoshi. "Free flow-line", workers, and robots in Japanese assembly industries. Tokyo: Instituteof Social Science, University of Tokyo, 1993.

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Hamper, Ben. Rivethead: Talesfrom the assembly line. New York, NY: Warner Books, 1991.

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Walker, Charles Rumford. The foreman on the assembly line. New York: Garland Pub., 1987.

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Rivethead: Tales from the assembly line. London: Fourth Estate, 1992.

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Hamper, Ben. Rivethead: Tales from the assembly line. New York, NY: Warner Books, 1991.

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Collective, Philippine Women's Research. Life on the assembly line: An alternative report on industrial women workers. Philippne: Philippine women's research collective, 1985.

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Alberto, Hernández H., ed. Mujeres fronterizas en la industria maquiladora. [Mexico City]: Secretaría de Educación Pública, 1985.

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Quinteros, Carolina. Mujer, maquila y organización sindical en Centroamérica: Balance regional. San José, Costa Rica: Asociación Servicios de Promoción Laboral (ASEPROLA), 2000.

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Book chapters on the topic "Assembly workers"

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Kahveci, Erol, and Theo Nichols. "Introduction: Beyond the Assembly-Line." In The Other Car Workers, 1–11. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230209381_1.

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Springer, R. "Rationalization also Involves Workers — Teamwork in the Mercedes-Benz Lean Concept." In Transforming Automobile Assembly, 274–88. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60374-7_19.

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Meneweger, Thomas, Verena Fuchsberger, Cornelia Gerdenitsch, Sebastian Egger-Lampl, and Manfred Tscheligi. "Assistance Needs in Production Environments: A Contextual Exploration of Workers’ Experiences and Work Practices." In IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology, 299–309. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72632-4_22.

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AbstractThis paper presents assistance needs in production environments for assembly processes from a workers’ perspective, i.e. what kind of assistance assembly workers would need to enhance their everyday work experience and to better cope with challenges coming along with an increasing digitization in these work environments. Within a large-scale empirical field study in central Europe, we interviewed assembly workers and observed everyday work situations in different production environments (e.g., automotive domain) to understand workers’ experiences and work practices in increasingly connected and automated production environments. Based on the insights gained in this study, we describe several assistance needs for assembly workers that serve as a guidance for future worker-centric designs of assistance systems in production environments.
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Heppner, Georg, Felix Mauch, Stefan Scherzinger, David Timmermann, Pascal Becker, Stefan Ulbrich, Arne Rönnau, Peter Heiligensetzer, and Fabian Fürst. "FLA2IR—FLexible Automotive Assembly with Industrial Co-workers." In Bringing Innovative Robotic Technologies from Research Labs to Industrial End-users, 97–126. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-34507-5_5.

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Katiraee, Niloofar, Serena Finco, Olga Battaïa, and Daria Battini. "Assembly Line Balancing with Inexperienced and Trainer Workers." In Advances in Production Management Systems. Artificial Intelligence for Sustainable and Resilient Production Systems, 497–506. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-85902-2_53.

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Kittl, Christian, and Markus Streibl. "Live Video Assistance Systems for Assembly Processes." In IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology, 324–31. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72632-4_24.

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AbstractWork processes and assembly processes are increasingly gaining in complexity in the industrial context and demand a wealth of knowledge from assembly employees, as well as from service and maintenance personnel. The article describes a system developed in order to support assembly workers using a live video assistance system in combination with “wearables” - in particular smart glasses - in complex assembly processes by experts and reports findings from an acceptance analysis study.
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Moon, Ilkyeong, Sanghoon Shin, and Dongwook Kim. "Integrated Assembly Line Balancing with Skilled and Unskilled Workers." In Progress in Pattern Recognition, Image Analysis, Computer Vision, and Applications, 459–66. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44739-0_56.

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Sand, Oliver, Sebastian Büttner, Volker Paelke, and Carsten Röcker. "smARt.Assembly – Projection-Based Augmented Reality for Supporting Assembly Workers." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 643–52. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39907-2_61.

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Bangura, Yusuf. "Steyr-Nigeria: The Recession and Workers’ Struggles in the Vehicle Assembly Plant." In Workers in Third-World Industrialization, 177–98. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-21679-6_7.

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Kim, Dongwook, Jinwoo Park, and Ilkyeong Moon. "Integrated Mixed-Model Assembly Line Balancing with Unskilled Temporary Workers." In Advances in Production Management Systems: Innovative Production Management Towards Sustainable Growth, 324–31. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-22759-7_38.

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Conference papers on the topic "Assembly workers"

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Baines, T. "Modelling the behaviour of engine assembly workers." In IEE One Day Seminar on Systems Dependency on Humans. IEE, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ic:20000102.

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Gujjula, Rico, and Hans-Otto Gunther. "Scheduling utility workers at mixed-model assembly lines." In 2009 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management (IEEM 2009). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ieem.2009.5372954.

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Konosu, Hitoshi. "Skill-Assist: Helping Human Workers with Automobile Modular Component Assembly." In SAE 2002 World Congress & Exhibition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2002-01-0126.

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Baez, Y. A., M. A. Rodriguez, J. Limon, and D. A. Tlapa. "Model of human reliability for manual workers in assembly lines." In 2014 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management (IEEM). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ieem.2014.7058878.

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Zhang, Jie, Bo Xin, and Pan Wang. "Study on Aircraft Assembly Line Balancing Problem Based on Mobile Workers." In ASME 2016 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2016-60022.

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In order to improve the balance and load equilibrium of aircraft assembly lines, and to enhance the management of on-site resources, a Type-E balancing method was proposed based on the mobile operation of assembly personnel in the aircraft assembly line. This method was aimed to minimize the smoothness index of the overall assembly line and each assembly station, and also to minimize manpower costs. First, a model of personnel flow and an assembly line balancing model were constructed based on the characteristics of aircraft assembly lines. Next, an Accelerated Binary Particle Swarm Optimization (ABPSO) based on improved sig function was designed in order to improve the original stability and convergence of the standard binary particle swarm algorithm. Finally, the validity of the method was verified with a real fuselage assembly line and the results show the effectiveness.
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Rafibakhsh, Nima, and Matthew I. Campbell. "Beyond Optimal Sequencing: Defining Part Orientation and Worker Allocation in Assembly." In ASME 2015 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2015-46068.

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Assembly Sequence planning is a tedious but crucial task in manufacturing a product. A good assembly plan will lead to minimum wasted time and maximum capacity of resources. Typically, research in Automated Assembly Planning and Assembly Sequence Planning (AAP and ASP) only define the sequence that the parts should be assembled with no information for specifying additional details to make the plan complete and optimal. In this paper we introduce a post-processing step (after the sequence of parts has been found) with focus on optimal part orientation and worker allocation. The paper has two main sections: the first section uses Dijkstra’s algorithm to obtain part orientation with minimum assembly cost. For the second part of the paper, a novel approach is proposed based on a line balancing technique to find the minimum number of workers needed to achieve the minimum make-span time. These necessary details in AAP give real time feedback to designers to analyze their design with production and assembly line information.
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Barattini, P., C. Morand, I. Almajai, N. Robertson, J. Hopgood, P. Ferrara, M. Bonasso, et al. "Towards tailor made robot co workers based on a plug&produce framework." In 2013 IEEE International Symposium on Assembly and Manufacturing (ISAM). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isam.2013.6643496.

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Matteucci, Marco, Damiano Raponi, Maura Mengoni, and Margherita Peruzzini. "Tangible Augmented Reality Model to Support Manual Assembly." In ASME 2017 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2017-67742.

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Manual work is a cornerstone of manufacturing, also for factories of Industry 4.0 era. Use cases of manual work regard the production of single item, customized assemblies, small batches. Several injuries can be caused or aggravated by manual handling activities at work. Moreover, the efficiency of the whole process can benefit from correct body posture, parts’ visibility and accessibility. Finally, manual work is strongly human-centered and its performance is affected by the expertise, the level of knowledge, attitudes and belief of workers. In this complex context where multiple factors such as Efficiency, Work Performance, Ergonomics and Safety relate each other to achieve a satisfactory smart industry, the paper proposes an innovative Tangible Augmented Reality platform to train and assist workers during the manual handling and assembly tasks necessary to produce consumer goods with high aesthetic qualities. The proposed platform is the result of the application of a multipath methodology to link health and safety elements, typologies of injuries, ergonomics factors and relative qualitative and quantitative assessment methods and ergonomics analysis tools. The TAR platform allows the worker to consult the assembly instructions in a simple and user friendly way and to be informed by potential risk of injuries by a real-time alert. Based on video mapping techniques, the TAR system superimposes the necessary digital contents on the physical model of the product while the operator is building it.
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Pakdamanian, Erfan, Niroshni Shiyamsunthar, and David Claudio. "Simulating the effect of workers' mood on the productivity of assembly lines." In 2016 Winter Simulation Conference (WSC). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wsc.2016.7822374.

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Funk, Markus, Andreas Bächler, Liane Bächler, Oliver Korn, Christoph Krieger, Thomas Heidenreich, and Albrecht Schmidt. "Comparing projected in-situ feedback at the manual assembly workplace with impaired workers." In PETRA '15: 8th PErvasive Technologies Related to Assistive Environments. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2769493.2769496.

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Reports on the topic "Assembly workers"

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Webb, Philip, and Sarah Fletcher. Unsettled Issues on Human-Robot Collaboration and Automation in Aerospace Manufacturing. SAE International, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/epr2020024.

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This SAE EDGE™ Research Report builds a comprehensive picture of the current state-of-the-art of human-robot applications, identifying key issues to unlock the technology’s potential. It brings together views of recognized thought leaders to understand and deconstruct the myths and realities of human- robot collaboration, and how it could eventually have the impact envisaged by many. Current thinking suggests that the emerging technology of human-robot collaboration provides an ideal solution, combining the flexibility and skill of human operators with the precision, repeatability, and reliability of robots. Yet, the topic tends to generate intense reactions ranging from a “brave new future” for aircraft manufacturing and assembly, to workers living in fear of a robot invasion and lost jobs. It is widely acknowledged that the application of robotics and automation in aerospace manufacturing is significantly lower than might be expected. Reasons include product variability, size, design philosophy, and relatively low volumes. Also, the occasional reticence due to a history of past false starts plays a role too. Unsettled Issues on Human-Robot Collaboration and Automation in Aerospace Manufacturing goes deep into the core questions that really matter so the necessary step changes can move the industry forward.
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Health hazard evaluation report: HETA-2007-0038-3057, ergonomic evaluation of workers at a cabinet mill and assembly plant, Yorktowne Cabinets, Mifflinburg and Red Lion, Pennsylvania. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, February 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.26616/nioshheta200700383057.

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Worker crushed in rubber tire assembly machine. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, September 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.26616/nioshsface00ia048.

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Mobile home assembly line worker is electrocuted in Ohio, August 13, 1985. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, August 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.26616/nioshface8541.

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Project 9535: Hanford Engineer Works Building 105 Assembly of the Pile. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/90648.

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